At temperatures between 0 and 60?�C densities, shear viscosities and dielectric spectra have been measured for isomers 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, isopentylalcohol, and tert-pentanol, as well as for mixtures of these alcohols. The density and shear viscosity data ...

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in 16 binary mixtures containing either 2-pentanol or 4-methyl-2-pentanol with 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-octanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol at 25 C. Results of these measurements are used to test two ...

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in ten binary mixtures containing 3-methoxy-1-butanol with 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 1-octanol, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol at 25 ...

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in seven binary mixtures containing 2-methoxyethyl ether with 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, and 1-octanol at 25 C. Results of these measurements are used to test two mathematical representations ...

Methylcyclopentane Cumene Methyl isobutyl ketone Cyclohexanol 4-Methyl-2-pentanol 2-Cyclohexen-1-ol 2-Pentanol

Diglyme 4-Methyl-2-pentanol Other secondary alcohols Cumene Dioxanes 2-Pentanol Cyclohexanol Glyme 4

Organic solvents are often used to solubilize lipophilic new chemical entities before their addition to in vitro test systems such as microsomal stability or cytochrome P-450 (CYP) inhibition. However, the effect of these organic solvents on the test systems is not usually characterized. This study was initiated to evaluate the effect of acetonitrile and acetone, in addition to other organic ...

The ligand rearrangement reaction of Cr(CO)6 is studied in a series of alcohol solutions using ultrafast infrared spectroscopy and Brownian dynamics simulations. Excitation with 266 nm light gives Cr(CO)5 which is quickly solvated by a ligand from the bath. In alcohol solutions, solvation by an alkyl or hydroxyl site can occur; all alkyl bound complexes eventually rearrange to hydroxyl bound ...

Experiments on equilibrium adsorption loadings of various probe compounds on 60-200 mesh Illinois {number_sign}6 coal (PSOC-1539), Adaville {number_sign}1 coal (PSOC-1544), Wyodak coal (PSOC-1545) and Pittsburgh {number_sign}8 coal (PSOC-1549) were performed. the probe compounds include m-cresol, p-cresol, o-cresol, phenol, n-octanol, n-heptanol, n-propanol, isopropanol n-butanol, s-butanol, ...

Densities, refractive indices, speeds of sound, and isentropic compressibilities at 298.15 K for benzene + cyclohexane + 1-pentanol and the binary benzene + 1-pentanol and cyclohexane + 1-pentanol mixtures have been measured as a function of the mole fraction at atmospheric ...

Cyclohexanol. 13. Tough single bubble. Dioxane. 13 and 23. Tough foam. Xylene. 13. Tough foam. 2-ethoxyethylether. 13. Tough foam. 2-pentanol ...

... 112. Abstract : Salting effects are reported for 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, and cyclohexanol in KF, KCl, NaClO4 and Na2SO4. ...

... Salting effects of sodium sulfate, potassium fluoride, potassium chloride, sodium perchlorate, and perchloric acid on cyclohexanol, 1-pentanol, and ...

... Abstract : Frumkin-isotherm parameters are reported for 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, and cyclohexanol, in solutions containing 0.05, 0.1, or 1 M ...

The results of ultrasonic investigations of binary liquid mixtures of 1,2-propanediol with three 1-alkanols, i.e., 1-hexanol, 1-pentanol, and 1-butanol at the temperature 298.15 K are presented. Based on the phase speed of ultrasound values (measured by the pulse-echo-overlap method at 2.18 MHz) and excess molar volumes (taken from the literature), the ...

traces of ethanol, acetone, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-butanol, 3-methyl. 2-butanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, 4-methyl -2-pentanol and ...

A study was undertaken to determine the relative ease of formation and stability of straight-chain primary and secondary alkanols capable of forming urea inclusion compounds. The compounds studies were 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 1-octano...

Salting effects of sodium sulfate, potassium fluoride, potassium chloride, sodium perchlorate, and perchloric acid on cyclohexanol, 1-pentanol, and 1-butanol were determined by measuring the solubilities of the alcohols in the various electrolyte solution...

A non-aqueous, microemulsion system, consisting of molten salts with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 1-pentanol, and decane, was studied with electrical-conductivity measurements in the molten salt-rich emulsion phase. The molten salts are a nitrate mixture...

The efficiency with which 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene quenches the triplet-state photoelimination of valerophenone was measured in different solvents. In three tertiary alcohols, and in primary alcohols more viscous than 1-pentanol, the rate of quenching i...

Studies on the solvent extraction of molybdenuni(VI) with 4methyl-2- pentanol (methyl isobutyl carbinol) shoiwd that molybdenum(VI) can be quantitatively extracted with 50% 4-methyl-2pentanol in benzene from 1 M hydrochloric acid containing 10 M lithium chloride. The metal ion in the organic phase can be ...

Megaplatypus mutatus (=Platypus mutatus) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) is an ambrosia beetle that is native to South America. It attacks only standing live trees and causes severe stem breakage and death in commercial poplar (Populus) plantations. Previous work showed that male M. mutatus emits a sex pheromone composed mainly of (+)-sulcatol and sulcatone. We collected male volatile emissions during ...

Excess molar volumes of mixtures of heptane + 1-propanol, 1-pentanol, or 1-heptanol were determined from density measurements at 278.15, 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K. From these results ([delta]V[sup E]/[delta]T)[sub P] and ([delta]H[sup E]/[delta]P)[sub T] at 298.15 K were calculated. The results were compared with the values calculated using the ...

Experimental solubilities are reported for pyrene dissolved in five binary alcohol + cyclohexanol and seven binary alcohol + 1-pentanol solvent mixtures at 26 C. Alcohol cosolvents include 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-pentanol. Results of these measurements are used to test two mathematical ...

Vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) for 2-methyl-2-butanol + 2-methyl-1-butanol and 2-methyl-2-butanol + 2-methyl-1-butanol + 1-pentanol have been measured at 373.15 K. The binary VLE results have been correlated by different liquid-phase activity coefficient models. The binary interaction parameters obtained from Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC models in this and a ...

High-pressure vapor-liquid equilibria for the binary carbon dioxide + 3-pentanol system were measured at 313.2 K. The phase equilibrium apparatus used in this work was of the circulation type in which the coexisting phases were recirculated, on-line sampled, and analyzed. The critical pressure and corresponding mole fraction of carbon dioxide at 313.2 K ...

), NAD+, NADP+, glutaric dialdehyde (25% in water), 2-propanol, ethanol, 2-butanol, 2-pentanol, D used for the biocatalytic oxidation of 2-propanol and d-sorbitol, respectively. The cofactor from -200 to 400 mV, triggering oxidation of 2-propanol or D-sorbitol in the vicinity of the electrode

-alcohol, geraniol, and farnesol; (ii) secondary alcohols: isopropyl alcohol, 2-butanol, 2-pentanol, 2 with a domain derived from the still extant short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) through retroposition efficiently utilizes long-chain primary alcohols found in hor- mone and pheromone metabolism. These data

3-methyl-butanoic acid 2-pentanol butanal pentanoic acid cyclohexanol 2-methyl-propanal cyclopentane,4-dimethyl-cyclopentanol 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone cycloheptanol 2-methyl-cis-cyclohexanol 11860 #12;ACPD 7-nitrophenol 2-methyl-propyl butanoate methyl cyclopropanoate 1-nitromethyl-1-cyclohexanol 2-nitro

... 1-pentanol, 1-butanol, isopropanol,2-methyl-2-propanol, S-(�)-2-methyl-1-butanol, or with isobutanol.Three replicate blocks of ... baitedwith acetic acid and either 2-methyl-2-propanol,S-(�)-2-methyl-1-bu...

We present here pseudo-ternary phase maps on three surfactant stabilized quaternary systems composed of water, hexadecane, and potassium linoleate (KL) as surfactant and the three saturated primary alcohols, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, and 1-hexanol as cosurfa...

methods are demonstrated by predicting vapor pressure of 1-butanol and liquid viscosity of toluene Prediction of Vapor Pressure of 1-butanol Vapor pressure prediction can be based on Antoine equation Data for the system: ethanol, 1-propanol and 1- pentanol (predictive compounds) and 1-butanol (target

Dielectric constant measurements have been carried out in the one- and two-phase regions near the critical point of the polar + polar binary liquid mixture nitromethane + 3-pentanol. In the two-phase region, evidence for the ?t?(2?) singularity in the coexistence-curve diameter has been detected, thus confirming the novel predictions of complete scaling ...

Dielectric constant measurements have been carried out in the one- and two-phase regions near the critical point of the polar + polar binary liquid mixture nitromethane + 3-pentanol. In the two-phase region, evidence for the |t|2? singularity in the coexistence-curve diameter has been detected, thus confirming the novel predictions of complete scaling ...

Ether formation during the dehydration of secondary alcohols, namely, 2-butanol, 3-pentanol, and 1-cyclopentylethanol, was investigated. Using the proper reaction conditions, the yield of di-2-butyl ether during the dehydration of 2-butanol on alumina can be as high as 40%. That ether is formed by adding an alcohol to the alkene is ruled out by the results ...

Urinary metabolites were tested in 41 shoe-factory workers exposed to a mixture of 10 solvents among which ''commercial hexane'' was the prevailing component. Cyclohexanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 3-methyl-2-pentanol, and trichloroethanol were determined in connection with exposure ...

Surface Raman scattering is used to study the adsorption of several straight-chain alcohols (methanol, 1-propanol, 1-pentanol) and a straight-chain alkanethiol (1-butanethiol) at Ag electrodes. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies are carried out on both in situ and emersed roughened electrodes. Normal surface Raman scattering is performed on ...

The recovery of organic acids from dilute solutions resulting from fermentation processes is becoming very important and many solvents have been tried to improve such recovery. Liquid-liquid equilibria for the ternary system water + acetic acid + 1-pentanol were measured over a temperature range of (288 to 323) K. The results were used to estimate the ...

The dielectric constant (\\varepsilonm) of binary mixtures of acetylacetone (HAA) with aliphatic alcohols viz. 1-pentanol, 1-butanol, 1-propanol has been measured at temperature 303.16 K and frequency 455 kHz. The data of dielectric constant are used to compute mutual correlation factor (gab), excess molar polarization (? P) and excess free energy of ...

The anionic oil in water microemulsion system composed of sodium cetyl sulfate/1-pentanol/mineral oil/water has been employed as a medium for the investigation of the photochemical behavior of chlorophyll and added oxidants and reductants at a microscopic oil-water interface. The chlorophyll, located in the surface region, undergoes photodegradation and ...

The accelerated loss of protein from Rana pipiens sartorius muscle following the induction of rigor by 100 millimolar 1-pentanol is not accompanied by increase in the rate constant for the efflux of urea. This observation is not readily accounted for by classical lipid-pore membrane permeability models. Alternative models are considered, in which protein ...

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the quantitative determination of piperacillin in plasma. The compound is first extracted from acid-treated plasma into chloroform: 1-pentanol (3:1) and reextracted into a small volume of an aqueous phase at pH 7, which is injected in the chromatographic column (microgram-Bondapack ...

The molecular interaction between alkyl methacrylates (methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate) and primary alcohols (1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol and 1-decanol) has been studied in carbon tetrachloride by FTIR spectroscopic and dielectric methods. The results show that the most likely association between ...

The nonaqueous system of molten salts, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 1-pentanol, and decane is studied with electrical conductivity measurements in the molten salt rich emulsion phase. The molten salts are a nitrate mixture of ethylenediamine/ammonia/potassium in a ratio of 50/42.5/7.5 by weight. The addition of alcohol to a fixed ratio of ...

In conversion of secondary alcohols at 200/sup 0/-265/sup 0/C, the anatase form of Ti0/sub 2/, both air- and hydrogen-pretreated, showed up to 99Vertical Bar3< selectivity for dehydration to alkenes, and the alkene isomer distributions resembled those observed over alumina catalysts, e.g., approx. 41-52Vertical Bar3< of the cis-2 isomer from ...

Experiments on equilibrium adsorption of various alcohols on 60--200 mesh Illinois No. 6 coal (DECS-2; Randolph county) were performed during the July--September period. The alcohols include ethanol, methanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-hexadecanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, and 2-methyl-l-pentanol. Amounts of equilibrium adsorption of ...

Experiments on equilibrium adsorption of various alcohols on 60--200 mesh Illinois No. 6 coal (DECS-2; Randolph county) were performed during the July--September period. The alcohols include ethanol, methanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-hexadecanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, and 2-methyl-l-pentanol. Amounts of equilibrium adsorption of ...

By the methods of steam distillation and GC-MS, this paper analyzed the chemical components of the volatiles from withered black poplar leaves. The main components of the volatiles from young leaves were(Z)-3-hexenol (44.81% ),4-methyl-1-pentanol (21.85%) and 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (15.19%), those from matured leaves were(Z)-3-hexenol (28.71%) and ...

This paper discusses how ultrasonic relaxation and conductance studies of alcohol (1-pentanol or 1-butanol)-DTAB-water mixed micelles reveal two relaxation frequencies related to the exchange of monomer surfactant and of alcohol between the micelles and the bulk phase. Conductance and time-resolved fluorescence measurements were used to obtain the alcohol ...

The effect of ultrasound at 20 kHz on the heterogeneous aqueous hydrogenation of 3-buten-2-ol employing a Pd-black catalyst has been studied isothermally at 295 K, forming 2-butanone and 2-butanol products. Our work here shows that adding 1-pentanol as an inert dopant had the effect of inducing cavitation in the ultrasound-treated reaction where it ...

Molecular interaction between alcohols (1-propanol, 1-butanol, s-butanol, t-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol and 1-decanol) with ethyl methacrylate has been studied in n-heptane, CCl(4) and benzene at 298K using FTIR spectroscopic and dielectric methods. The result obtained from both the methods indicates only the existence of most likely 1:1 ...

Hydrogen bonding between 1-alcohols and acrylic esters in n-heptane has been studied by FTIR spectroscopic method. The formation constant of the 1:1 complexes has been calculated using Nash method. The values of formation constant and free energy change vary with alcohol and ester chain length, which suggests that the strengths of the intermolecular O-H...O=C bonds are shown to be dependent on the ...

Experiments were performed on equilibrium adsorption of probes (2-methyl-1-pentanol (2M1P), 1-heptanol, benzene, toluene) on 60-200 mesh Illinois 6 coal, Adaville 1 coal, Wyodak coal, and Pittsburgh 8 coal. Equil. loadings of toluene are higher than those of benzene on the 4 coals. The aromatics (tolene, benzene) obey the Langmuir isotherm model for ...

Supercritical fluid extraction has been proven as an efficient separation method for some specific industrial applications. The knowledge of the phase behavior of supercritical systems plays an important role in the process design. High pressure vapor-liquid phase equilibrium compositions were measured for the binary systems of carbon dioxide + ...

Excess molar volumes V[sup E] of the binary mixtures of benzene + 1-butanol, + 1-pentanol, + 1-hexanol, + 1-heptanol, + 1-octanol, + 1-nonanol, or + 1-decanol are presented at 298.15 and 308.15 K. The values of V[sup E] are positive over the entire range of composition for these mixtures. All the measurements were made at constant temperature, employing a ...

The surface tensions of pure ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([BMIM][SCN]), and binary mixtures of [BMIM][SCN] with alcohols (1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol) have been measured at atmospheric pressure at five temperatures in the range from 298.15 to 328.15 K. These measurements have been provided to complete information of the ...

Bacterial fermentations generally produce 1-butanol together wth acetone, ethanol, 2-propanol, or 1-pentanol. The effect of these materials on the extraction of 1-butanol from aqueous solution by the ethyl ester of soybean oil fatty acids was determined using a factorial experimental design. Concentrations of 1-butanol ranged from 0.1 to 4.1% w/v, while the concentrations of coproduced alcohols ...

This work reports the first experimental evidence for the three relaxation processes obtained from systematic chemical relaxation investigation of the system, water/1-pentanol/tetradecyltrimethyl bromide. Less comprehensive results involving other alcohols and surfactants are given. The interpretation is on the basis of Aniansson's theory, and by ...

A method for the determination of C/sub 1/-C/sub 4/ alcohol content in gasoline by capillary column gas chromatography-ion trap detector system (GC-ITDS) is described. The method involves the direct injection of gasoline into the GC-ITDS, and subsequent detection of the alcohols using the multiple ion detection method. The detection method uses the mass-to-charge ratio peaks at 31 and 45 for the ...

Molar enthalpies of solution of 1-pentanol in the AOT/n-heptane system as well as of water in 1-pentanol/n-heptane and in 1-pentanol/AOT/n-heptane systems have been measured at 25/sup 0/C. The results indicate that at infinite dilution, following a Poisson distribution, 1-pentanol molecules distribute between the AOT reversed micelles and the continuous ...

The adsorption of surfactants on solid/liquid interfaces is a subject of great interest especially for enhanced oil recovery processes. The adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto kaolin from different alcohol-water mixtures has been studied. The alcohols used were 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, and 1-decanol containing 3.5 or 7 wt% water. In ...

The results of acoustic and volumetric investigations of binary liquid mixtures of 1,3-butanediol with 1-pentanol at the temperatures (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K are presented. Basing on the phase speed of ultrasound values (measured by the pulse-echo-overlap method at 2.18 MHz) and densities, the excess values of the molar volume and isentropic compressibility (volume-specific and molar), were ...

Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) emitted from the mould species Penicillium expansum, P. chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor, A. fumigatus, A. niger and Cladosporium cladosporoides were analyzed by means of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and GCMS. The mould species were cultivated on the synthetic agar dichloran chloramphenicol (DG 18) and on wet wall paper. The production of MVOCs ...

The nonaqueous lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic 2-methyl-1-pentanol in a continuously operated fixed bed reactor was theoretically and experimentally studied. A 2-dimensional mathematical model was developed to predict the performance of the heterogeneous enantioselective biotransformation and to optimize the productivity and effective ...

Accurate experimental determination of solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in solvents and its correlation, for solubility prediction, is essential for rapid design and optimization of isolation, purification, and formulation processes in the pharmaceutical industry. An efficient material-conserving analytical method, with in-line reversed HPLC separation protocol, has been ...

Electron spin echo modulation (ESEM) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of the photogenerated N,N,N',N'-tetramethylbenzidine cation radical (TMB/sup +/) in frozen micellar solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate containing 2-propanol, 1-propanol, 1-pentanol, 1-octanol, 2-propanol-d/sub 7/, and 1-octanol-d/sub 17/ in H/sub 2/O and D/sub ...

A new batch cell has been developed to measure simultaneously both isobaric thermal expansion and isobaric heat capacity from calorimetric measurements. The isobaric thermal expansion is directly proportional to the linear displacement of an inner flexible below and the heat capacity is calculated from the calorimetric signal. The apparatus used was a commercial Setaram C-80 calorimeter and ...

The large critical anomaly in the isobaric heat capacity C(p,x)(T) of the binary mixture nitromethane + 3-pentanol is measured using high-resolution adiabatic scanning calorimetry. The unique features of this technique provided an alternative approach to the study of the critical behavior of C(p,x)(T), providing further C(p,x)(T) related quantities from ...

The large critical anomaly in the isobaric heat capacity Cp,x(T) of the binary mixture nitromethane + 3-pentanol is measured using high-resolution adiabatic scanning calorimetry. The unique features of this technique provided an alternative approach to the study of the critical behavior of Cp,x(T), providing further Cp,x(T) related quantities from which ...

1. Arrhenius plots of the membrane-bound ATP-ase were constructed at pressures of 300, 600 and 900 atm. Pressure shifts the plots to higher temperatures with an increase in slope. 2. These data are partially consistent with a kinetic model in which a phase transition in the lipids associated with the ATP-ase determines the activity of the enzyme. They are also consistent with a model in which the ...

The composition of volatile components of subcutaneous fat from Iberian pig has been studied. Purge and trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been used. The composition of the volatile fraction of subcutaneous fat has been used for authentication purposes of different types of Iberian pig fat. Three types of this product have been considered, montanera, extensive cebo and intensive cebo. ...

The volatile components of a Chinese chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. longum Sendt) were identified at different levels of ripeness. The peppers at the green, ripening, and full color stages were investigated by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the main factors at ...

The degradation of dieldrin by ferric sulphide (FeS(2)) in aqueous solution was investigated when shielded against sunlight. An oxidative dechlorination process was observed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions; oxygen volume changed the degradation rate of dieldrin and the generation rate of reaction products. The dechlorination rate under microaerophilic conditions was fastest among the ...

Effective and economical drying of thin ink films is essential in the printing, packaging and coating industries. In evaporative drying, high heat and mass transfer rates are commonly achieved by means of high velocity impinging air jets. To provide data for dryer design a program of research has been implemented to study the heat and mass transfer processes which underlie the drying of thin ink ...

The gene encoding a novel alcohol dehydrogenase that belongs to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily has been identified in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. The gene, referred to as adhD, was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and subsequently purified to homogeneity. The enzyme has a monomeric conformation with a molecular mass of 32 kDa. The catalytic activity of the ...

The preparation of ester enantiomers (acetates, butanoates, hexanoates and octanoates) of the secondary alcohols 2-pentanol, 2-heptanol and 2-nonanol via lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolutions was investigated. Conversion rates and stereochemical courses of esterification and hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by commercially available enzyme preparations were ...

The reaction mechanisms for the solid acid-catalyzed dehydrative coupling of methanol and ethanol with isobutanol and 2-pentanol to form ethers were examined by using isotope labelling and chiral inversion experiments. When the reactions were carried out it 110{degrees}C and 1 MPa with {sup 18}O-ethanol and {sup 16}O-isobutanol over the Amberlyst-35 resin catalyst, 95% of the major product ethyl ...

It has been reported that dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can be degraded with sodium hydroxide solution (1 mol/L), sodium carbonate solution (1 mol/L), or ammonium hydroxide solution (1.5 mol/L). This has now been confirmed. Complete destruction of undiluted DMS or DMS in solvents miscible with water (methanol, ethanol, DMSO, DMF, acetone) or solvents partially miscible or immiscible with water (toluene, ...

The influence of dissolved organic solvents on the aqueous phase solubility of hydrophobic aromatic chemicals was investigated. To provide a basis for a comprehensive evaluation of the importance of cosolvent properties on solubility, the effects of several different organic cosolvents on the solubility of a model hydrophobic solute, naphthalene, were determined. Naphthalene solubility was ...

A procedure is suggested for determining the distribution constants of methyl orange dye between water and direct microemulsion droplets (N-cetylpyridinium chloride + 1-pentanol + benzene in water) as the disperse phase, which allows one to circumvent difficulties associated with the formation of low-solubility salts and premicellar associates. Within the ...

Solid-liquid equilibrium data of organic nonelectrolyte systems are becoming increasingly important in the petroleum industry, particularly in light of present trends toward heavier feedstocks and known carcinogenicity/mutagenicity of many of the larger polycyclic aromatic compounds. Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in seven binary mixtures containing ...

Microemulsion gels and coatings have been obtained by the sol-gel method using titanium(IV) isopropoxide. Three types of fine water dispersions have been used as the basis sol: reverse Triton X-100 micelles in cyclohexane; quaternary water-in-oil microemulsions containing cyclohexane, 1-pentanol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and water; and dispersions of water ...

Four retention models for the effect of aliphatic alcohol additives on the retention of analytes in reversed-phase liquid chromatography have been developed following either a semi-thermodynamic treatment or an empirical approach. Their performance was tested using the experimental retention times of six non-polar analytes (alkylbenzenes) and ten o-phthalaldehyde derivatives of amino acids under ...

In an effort to gain enhancement of selectivity in reversed-phase liquid chromatography, retention was tuned in this study by introducing short and medium straight-chained-length alkanol additives (methanol (MeOH), ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol or 1-heptanol) at low concentrations in mobile phases containing MeOH as the main organic ...

In an effort to gain enhancement of selectivity in reversed-phase liquid chromatography, retention was tuned in this study by introducing short and medium straight-chained-length alkanol additives (methanol (MeOH), ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol or 1-heptanol) at low concentrations in mobile phases containing MeOH as the main organic ...

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in six binary mixtures containing 2-methyl-1-pentanol with 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 1-octanol at 25�C. Results of these measurements, along with previously published solubility data for anthracene in binary alcohol + alcohol solvent mixtures, are ...

We report the development of a new type of hydrogel in which a cosolvent has been added to the water component. The gel networks are based on the well-known poly(vinyl alcohol)-borate systems (PVA-borate). However, it is shown that the rheological and solubilizing properties of the hydrogels can be modified drastically by the addition of a cosolvent. The studies have focused on 1-propanol as the ...

Developing accurate models of water for use in computer simulations is important for the study of many chemical and biological systems, including lipid bilayer self-assembly. The large temporal and spatial scales needed to study such self-assembly have led to the development and application of coarse-grained models for the lipid-lipid, lipid-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions. Unfortunately, ...

The secondary amide unit is a subject of particular interest, because of its occurrence in peptides and proteins. Molecular interaction between N-benzylformamide (NBF) with 1-alcohols (1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol) has been studied in carbon tetrachloride by using X-band microwave bench at 936 GHz. Dielectric constant (?') and dielectric loss (??) of ...

The Fischer-Tropsch reaction is a complex combination of many reactions. Among those that have been demonstrated to occur on the catalyst surface are CO dissociation, build-up of carbon chains by a polymerization process, desorption of products such as olefins and oxygen-containing compounds, water formation and its subsequent shift reaction to form CO/sub 2/, olefin hydrogenation, isomerization ...

Heat transfer coefficients in nucleate pool boiling of binary and ternary non-azeotropic hydrocarbon mixtures were obtained experimentally using a vertical electrically heated cylindrical carbon steel surface at atmospheric pressure with several surface roughness. The fluids used were Methanol/1-Pentanol and Methanol/1-Pentanol/1,2-Propandiol at constant ...

A new and sensitive procedure for the graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrophotometric (GF-AAS) determination of Pd in soil at nanogram level is described. The method is based on prior separation and enrichment of the metal as Pd(II)-SnCl3- -N-butylacetamide (BAA) complex into 1-pentanol (PN) by solvent extraction method. The value of the molar absorptivity of the complex in three solvents, ...

Dielectric relaxation measurements on alkyl methacrylates (methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate) with 1-alcohols (1-propanol, 1-pentanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol and 1-decanol) have been carried out using time-domain reflectometry (TDR) over the frequency range 10 MHz to 20 GHz at 303 K for different concentrations of alcohols. The ...

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a very fast, highly sensitive, and inexpensive technique, it permits efficient monitoring of volatile organic compounds like alcohols. In this article, positive ion mobility spectra for six alcohol organic compounds have been systematically studied for the first time using a high-resolution IMS apparatus equipped with a discharge ionization source. Utilizing ...

Retention of a model set of sulfonylurea compounds has been studied under RP-LC conditions, considering competitional effects brought by different alcohols (ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, and 1-octanol) used as additives in the organic component of the mobile phase (methanol). The capacity factors determined for the model compounds ...

The aroma-active compounds of cv. Turkish Kozan orange wine were analyzed by sensory and instrumental analyses. Liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane was used for extraction of volatile components. According to sensory analysis, the aromatic extract obtained by liquid-liquid extraction was representative of orange wine odor. A total of 63 compounds were identified and quantified in orange ...

Due to the highly light scattering nature of paper, the imaging depth of optical methods such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) is limited. In this work, we study the effect of refractive index matching on improving the imaging depth of OCT in paper. To this end, four different refractive index matching liquids (ethanol, 1-pentanol, glycerol and benzyl ...

Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) transformed acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde into (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC), the precursor for the synthesis of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. Organic solvents were screened for a biphasic biotransformation with the enzyme in an aqueous phase and the toxic substrates delivered through the organic phase. In the absence of substrates a second phase of ...

Mutual diffusion coefficients, measured by Taylor dispersion at 25 C, are reported for binary aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, isomeric propanols and butanols, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-heptanol. Limiting diffusion coefficients (D{sup 0}) for the 1-alkanols are found to decrease with alcohol molar volume V approximately as V{sup {minus}1/2}. ...

For almost a century, alcohols have been thought to produce their effects by actions on the membrane lipids of central nervous system neurons--the well known "lipid theory" of alcohol action. The rationale for this theory is the correlation of potency with oil/water or membrane/buffer partition coefficient. Although a number of recent studies have shown that alcohols can affect the function of ...

The effects of n-alcohols (methanol to 1-decanol) on kainate-activated AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 and GluR3 ion currents were studied in Xenopus oocytes using the two-electrode voltage-clamp recording technique.For short-chain alcohols from methanol to 1-hexanol, potency for inhibition of GluR1 and GluR3 receptor-mediated current increased in proportion to the chain length or hydrophobicity of ...

Anatomic and physiological barriers limit drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye via topical or systemic administration. Intravitreal administration has proven to be a safe and effective means of treating various posterior segment diseases. Elimination of a compound from the vitreous chamber may depend on lipophilicity, diffusivity, and aqueous solubility. This information is critical ...

Palladium-catalyzed reductive homocoupling of aromatic halides can be performed in alcohol solutions without any auxiliary reducing reagents. Pd(dppf)Cl(2) [dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] has been shown as the most effective catalyst among the palladium catalysts screened for the model reductive homocoupling of iodobenzene in alcoholic solutions. The reduction of iodobenzene is ...

The use of surface-active tracers for measuring the interfacial area between nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) and water was evaluated in a hydraulically isolated test cell installed in a surficial aquifer located at Hill Air Force Base (AFB), Utah. Interfacial tracers were developed at the University of Florida for quantifying immiscible fluid-fluid interfaces (air-water or NAPL-water) in porous ...

Compounds from the metasternal and Brindley's glands of the blood-sucking bug, Triatoma infestans, were identified by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Volatile compounds released by adult bugs during copulation or after mechanical disturbance were also characterized. Six compounds were identified and found consistently in all samples from metasternal ...

In many insects, mate finding is mediated by volatile sex pheromones, but evidence for this phenomenon in triatomines (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) is still fragmentary. Recently, it was shown that metasternal glands (MGs) are involved in producing signals related to the sexual communication of Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus. Based on this, we tested whether MG volatiles could be involved in ...

Environmental exposure to commercial hexane (n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, and 3-methylpentane) was tested in several work places in five shoe factories by taking three grap-air samples during the afternoon shift. Individual exposure ranges were 32-500 mg/m3 for n-hexane, 11-250 mg/m3 for 2-methylpentane, and 10-204 mg/m3 for 3-methylpentane. The metabolites of commercial hexane in the urine of 41 ...

Forty shoe factory workers who were exposed to hexane were investigated to see if there was a correlation between electroneuromyographic changes indicative of neuropathy and urinary excretion of 2,5-hexanedione. Urinary samples were analyzed for the presence of the metabolic products of n-hexane and its isomers. Electrodiagnostic examination was carried out following the urinary sampling. A rating ...

Laboratory-reared males of the cactophilic Drosophila pachea exhibit a spontaneous and sex-specific suppression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity within 4 days after eclosion. A lack of ADH activity also is usually seen in wild-caught males, although relatively high activity is always seen in female flies. In the present study we examined the effectiveness of different alcohols and related ...

Characterization of both the acidic and basic sites of [alpha]LiAlO[sub 2], [gamma]LiAlO[sub 2], and calcined [open quotes]HAlO[sub 2][close quotes] was carried out with the isopropyl alcohol probe reaction. All three materials catalyzed the formation of both propylene and acetone. The formation of propylene is indicative of acidic-basic pair sites, while the presence of acetone is indicative of ...

alpha 2u-Globulin (alpha 2u) has been shown to accumulate in the kidneys of male rats treated with 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (TMP). 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentanol (TMP-2-OH), a metabolite of TMP, is found reversibly bound to alpha 2u isolated from the kidneys of these treated rats. The objectives of the following study were to characterize the ability of ...

Differences in aroma components and total volatiles between a single unpasteurized Marsh grapefruit juice and its 65 Brix concentrate reconstituted to 10 Brix were examined using GC-olfactometry (GC-O) and GC-FID. Total volatiles (FID) in the reconstituted concentrate were reduced to less than 5% of initial values, but 57% of total aroma (GC-O) remained. Forty-one aroma-active compounds were ...

A headspace-solid-phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method has been developed to quantify a range of volatile compounds in Hunter Valley Semillon wines. The fibre selected for the method was a 50/30 microm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fibre, a three-phase fibre that allows extraction and desorption of a wide range of volatile compounds of ...

Headspace solid-phase dynamic extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPDE-GC/MS) was evaluated for the trace determination of polar volatile organic compounds (PVOC) from aqueous matrices. The target compounds included 3 ethers and 12 alcohols. Four SPDE needle coatings with different phase polarities and sorption properties (WAX, 1701, PDMS, PDMS/AC) were tested. The ...

Screening low-cost, high efficacy and environmentally safe surface active agents is critical for achieving successful surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) of soil contaminated with hydrophobic organic compounds. This study reports the solubilization of organochlorine pesticides (DDT or gamma-HCH) in oil-in-water (Winsor I) microemulsions (microE) composed of non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80 or ...

Conservation of works of art often involves the inappropriate application of synthetic polymers. We have proposed the use of alternative methodologies for conservation and formulated innovative cleaning nanostructured systems to remove previously applied polymer films and grime from painted surfaces. In particular, a novel "micellar system" composed of water, SDS, ...

Conservation of works of art often involves the inappropriate application of synthetic polymers. We have proposed the use of alternative methodologies for conservation and formulated innovative cleaning nanostructured systems to remove previously applied polymer films and grime from painted surfaces. In particular, a novel ``micellar system'' composed of water, SDS, ...

Phase behaviors of different binary systems involving 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C12mim]Cl) and H2O, [C12mim]Cl and different alcohols (1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol and 1-octanol) are investigated at 25 �C. Hexagonal liquid crystal phase (H1) is identified in [C12mim]Cl/H2O system, and lamellar liquid-crystalline (L?) phase is found in ...

Developing accurate models of water for use in computer simulations is important for the study of many chemical and biological systems, including lipid bilayer self-assembly. The large temporal and spatial scales needed to study such self-assembly have led to the development and application of coarse-grained models for the lipid-lipid, lipid-solvent, and solvent-solvent interactions. ...

The surface and micellar properties of aqueous solutions of two imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), 1-hexadecyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide (HDBIm-Br) and 1,3-didodecylimidazolium bromide (DDDDIm-Br), are examined in the presence of several organic solvents by surface tensiometry. The organic solvents studied include methanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, ...

Considering the ionic nature of ionic liquids (ILs), ionic association is expected to be essential in solutions of ILs and to have an important influence on their applications. Although numerous studies have been reported for the ionic association behavior of ILs in solution, quantitative results are quite scarce. Herein, the conductivities of the ILs [Cnmim]Br (n=4, 6, 8, 10, 12), [C4mim][BF4], ...

Experiments on equilibrium adsorption loadings of various probe compounds on 60-200 mesh Illinois No. 6 coal (PSOC-1539), Adaville No. 1 coal (PSOC-1544), Wyodak coal (PSOC-1545), and Pittsburgh No. 8 coal (PSOC-1549) were performed. The probe compounds include 2-methyl-1-pentanol (2M1P), 1-heptanol, benzene, and toluene. Equilibrium adsorption loadings of ...

In this work, we report the preparation of the Sm2O3 nanoparticle precursors (Sm(OH)3) via a simple W/O microemulsion process, in which microemulsions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/alkanol/1-octane/Sm(NO3)3 aqueous solution were added into sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solutions. The Sm2O3 nanoparticles were then prepared by calcining the precursors at 900 degrees C. Particularly, ...

Flash point is the most important variable employed to characterize fire and explosion hazard of liquids. The models developed for predicting the flash point of partially miscible mixtures in the literature to date are all based on the assumption of liquid-liquid equilibrium. In real-world environments, however, the liquid-liquid equilibrium assumption does not always hold, such as the collection ...

The role of cosurfactant and water on the interfacial fluidities of reverse micelles formed with the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been examined by measuring the fluorescence anisotropies of two structurally similar ionic solutes, rhodamine 110 and fluorescein. For this purpose, reverse micellar systems with (CTAB/1-pentanol/cyclohexane/water) and without a ...

The role of cosurfactant and water on the interfacial fluidities of reverse micelles formed with the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been examined by measuring the fluorescence anisotropies of two structurally similar ionic solutes, rhodamine 110 and fluorescein. For this purpose, reverse micellar systems with (CTAB/1-pentanol/cyclohexane/water) and without a ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the plausibility of delivery of cefotaxime to the brain via intranasal administration. In vitro permeation studies were carried out using Franz diffusion cells, and the effect of different concentrations of chitosan (0.1% w/v and 0.25% w/v) on drug permeation across the bovine olfactory mucosa was determined. Samples were collected from the receiver ...

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB)] terpolymer was produced using Cupriavidus sp. USMAA2-4 via one-step cultivation process through combination of various carbon sources such as 1,4-butanediol or ?-butyrolactone with either 1-pentanol, valeric acid, or 1-propanol. Oleic acid was added to increase the ...

Poppy seed oil (Oleum Papaveris Seminis) is used for culinary and pharmaceutical purposes, as well as for making soaps, paints, and varnishes. Astonishingly, hardly anything was yet known about the volatile compounds of this promising comestible. Likewise, there are no current published data about the triglyceride (TAG) composition of poppy seed oils available. In this investigation solid-phase ...

Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) uses surfactant solutions as mobile phases with added organic additives to enhance both the elution strength and the chromatographic efficiency. Two aliphatic carboxylic acids (1-butanoic and 1-pentanoic) were used as MLC additives and compared with the two corresponding alcohols (1-butanol, 1-pentanol) in terms of ...

17O Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy allows exclusive detection and direct quantification of oxygenates in gasoline unaffected by its hydrocarbon content, using the internal standard quantitative NMR (QNMR) method. Chemical shifts of 24 oxygen-containing compounds as potential additives and contaminants have been measured in gasoline and corrected values of deltaO 18.1 and 3.9 ...

Using a conditioning paradigm, the olfactory sensitivity of three squirrel monkeys to nine odorants representing different chemical classes as well as members of a homologous series of substances was investigated. The animals significantly discriminated dilutions as low as 1:10,000 n-propionic acid, 1:30,000 n-butanoic acid and n-pentanoic acid, 1:100,000 n-hexanoic acid, 1:1Mio n-heptanoic acid, ...

A complex microbial consortium derived from raw milk and composed of populations classified in 4 groups (lactic acid bacteria (A), Gram positive catalase positive bacteria (B), Gram negative bacteria (C) and yeasts (D)) can contribute to the inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in the core of an uncooked pressed cheese. To identify what groups may be involved in the inhibition, the consortium was ...

The success of riboflavin photochemical cross-linking of the cornea in treating keratoconus and post-surgical keratectasia has prompted interest in cross-linking scleral tissue with a potential application to stabilize myopic progression. Applying an UVA light source to the sclera is difficult, particularly in the posterior region. An alternate pharmacologic approach to scleral cross-linking may ...

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (TMP), a component of unleaded gasoline, causes nephrotoxicity in male, but not in female, rats. In the present study, male and female Fischer 344 rats were treated with a single oral dose of (/sup 14/C)TMP (4.4 mmol/kg; 2 microCi/mmol). Radiolabeled material in kidney, liver, and plasma was determined at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hr after dosing. Maximum concentration of ...

A novel strictly anaerobic, extremely thermophilic, spore-forming and xylose-utilizing bacterium, designated strain KB-1TP (type and patent strain), was isolated from a geothermal hot stream at Sileri on Java island, Indonesia. The cells were rod-shaped, motile and had terminal spores. The newly isolated strain stained gram-positive and the cells occurred singly or in pairs during the exponential ...

Rapid detection of food-borne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as organic acids and alcohols released by bacterial pathogens is being used as an indicator for detecting bacterial contamination in food by our research group. One of our current research thrusts is to develop novel sensors that will be sensitive to specific compounds (at low operating temperature) associated with food safety. ...

An efficient and general method for the synthesis of reduced polypropionates has been developed through the application of asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes catalyzed by dichlorobis(1-neomenthylindenyl)zirconium [(NMI)₂ZrCl₂]. In this investigation, attention has been focused on those reduced polypropionates that are ?-monoheterofunctional and ...

This study investigated the sensory quality and physicochemical evolution (pH, glucose, l-lactic acid, biogenic amine, free amino-acids and volatile compounds) during storage at 8�C of cooked peeled shrimp inoculated with the specific spoilage bacteria Brochothrix thermosphacta alone or mixed with the protective strain Lactococcus piscium CNCM I-4031. Growth of both bacteria was monitored at ...

Tritium, {sup 3}H, is one of the hydrogen isotopes, created in coolant of a fission reactor and to be utilized as fuel for nuclear fusion reactors. Since a large amount of tritium will be contained in a fusion reactor or in a fission reactor, a small fraction of the tritiated chemical species, in most cases, tritiated water, may leak to the environment. Tritium is, however, a radioactive isotope ...