Sample records for a-45 decay heat

  1. Decay Heat Removal from a GFR Core by Natural Convection

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Williams, Wesley C.; Hejzlar, Pavel; Driscoll, Michael J.

    2004-07-01

    One of the primary challenges for Gas-cooled Fast Reactors (GFR) is decay heat removal after a loss of coolant accident (LOCA). Due to the fact that thermal gas cooled reactors currently under design rely on passive mechanisms to dissipate decay heat, there is a strong motivation to accomplish GFR core cooling through natural phenomena. This work investigates the potential of post-LOCA decay heat removal from a GFR core to a heat sink using an external convection loop. A model was developed in the form of the LOCA-COLA (Loss of Coolant Accident - Convection Loop Analysis) computer code as a meansmore » for 1D steady state convective heat transfer loop analysis. The results show that decay heat removal by means of gas cooled natural circulation is feasible under elevated post-LOCA containment pressure conditions. (authors)« less

  2. Decay heat uncertainty quantification of MYRRHA

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fiorito, Luca; Buss, Oliver; Hoefer, Axel; Stankovskiy, Alexey; Eynde, Gert Van den

    2017-09-01

    MYRRHA is a lead-bismuth cooled MOX-fueled accelerator driven system (ADS) currently in the design phase at SCK·CEN in Belgium. The correct evaluation of the decay heat and of its uncertainty level is very important for the safety demonstration of the reactor. In the first part of this work we assessed the decay heat released by the MYRRHA core using the ALEPH-2 burnup code. The second part of the study focused on the nuclear data uncertainty and covariance propagation to the MYRRHA decay heat. Radioactive decay data, independent fission yield and cross section uncertainties/covariances were propagated using two nuclear data sampling codes, namely NUDUNA and SANDY. According to the results, 238U cross sections and fission yield data are the largest contributors to the MYRRHA decay heat uncertainty. The calculated uncertainty values are deemed acceptable from the safety point of view as they are well within the available regulatory limits.

  3. Changes in heart rate variability during the induction and decay of heat acclimation.

    PubMed

    Flouris, Andreas D; Poirier, Martin P; Bravi, Andrea; Wright-Beatty, Heather E; Herry, Christophe; Seely, Andrew J; Kenny, Glen P

    2014-10-01

    We evaluated the changes in core temperature, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) during the induction and decay of heat acclimation. Ten males (23 ± 3 years; 79.5 ± 3.5 kg; 15.2 ± 4.5 percent body fat; 51.13 ± 4.61 mLO(2)∙kg(-1)∙min(-1) peak oxygen uptake) underwent a 14-day heat acclimation protocol comprising of 90-min cycling at ~50 % peak oxygen uptake at 40 °C and ~20 % relative humidity. Core temperature, heart rate, and 102 HRV measures were recorded during a heat tolerance test conducted at baseline (day 0) and at the end of the induction (day 14) and decay (day 28) phases. Heat acclimation resulted in significantly reduced core temperature [rectal (χ (2) = 1298.14, p < 0.001); esophageal (χ (2) = 1069.88, p < 0.001)] and heart rate (χ (2) = 1230.17, p < 0.001). Following the decay phase, 26, 40, and 60 % of the heat acclimation-induced reductions in rectal temperature, esophageal temperature, and heart rate, respectively, were lost. Heat acclimation was accompanied by profound and broad changes in HRV: at the end of the induction phase, 75 of the 102 variability measures computed were significantly different (p < 0.001), compared to only 47 of the 102 at the end of the decay phase. Heat acclimation is accompanied by reduced core temperature, significant bradycardia, and marked alterations in HRV, which we interpret as being related to vagal dominance. The observed changes in core temperature persist for at least 2 weeks of non-exposure to heat, while the changes in heart rate and HRV decay faster and are only partly evident after 2 weeks of non-exposure to heat.

  4. Determination of the NPP Kr\\vsko spent fuel decay heat

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kromar, Marjan; Kurinčič, Bojan

    2017-07-01

    Nuclear fuel is designed to support fission process in a reactor core. Some of the isotopes, formed during the fission, decay and produce decay heat and radiation. Accurate knowledge of the nuclide inventory producing decay heat is important after reactor shut down, during the fuel storage and subsequent reprocessing or disposal. In this paper possibility to calculate the fuel isotopic composition and determination of the fuel decay heat with the Serpent code is investigated. Serpent is a well-known Monte Carlo code used primarily for the calculation of the neutron transport in a reactor. It has been validated for the burn-up calculations. In the calculation of the fuel decay heat different set of isotopes is important than in the neutron transport case. Comparison with the Origen code is performed to verify that the Serpent is taking into account all isotopes important to assess the fuel decay heat. After the code validation, a sensitivity study is carried out. Influence of several factors such as enrichment, fuel temperature, moderator temperature (density), soluble boron concentration, average power, burnable absorbers, and burnup is analyzed.

  5. Natural circulation decay heat removal from an SP-100, 550 kWe power system for a lunar outpost

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    El-Genk, Mohamed S.; Xue, Huimin

    1992-01-01

    This research investigated the decay heat removal from the SP-100 reactor core of a 550-kWe power system for a lunar outpost by natural circulation of lithium coolant. A transient model that simulates the decay heat removal loop (DHRL) of the power system was developed and used to assess the system's decay heat removal capability. The effects of the surface area of the decay heat rejection radiator, the dimensions of the decay heat exchanger (DHE) flow duct, the elevation of the DHE, and the diameter of the rise and down pipes in the DHRL on the decay heat removal capability were examined. Also, to determine the applicability of test results at earth gravity to actual system performance on the lunar surface, the effect of the gravity constant (1 g and 1/6 g) on the thermal behavior of the system after shutdown was investigated.

  6. Decay heat uncertainty for BWR used fuel due to modeling and nuclear data uncertainties

    DOE PAGES

    Ilas, Germina; Liljenfeldt, Henrik

    2017-05-19

    Characterization of the energy released from radionuclide decay in nuclear fuel discharged from reactors is essential for the design, safety, and licensing analyses of used nuclear fuel storage, transportation, and repository systems. There are a limited number of decay heat measurements available for commercial used fuel applications. Because decay heat measurements can be expensive or impractical for covering the multitude of existing fuel designs, operating conditions, and specific application purposes, decay heat estimation relies heavily on computer code prediction. Uncertainty evaluation for calculated decay heat is an important aspect when assessing code prediction and a key factor supporting decision makingmore » for used fuel applications. While previous studies have largely focused on uncertainties in code predictions due to nuclear data uncertainties, this study discusses uncertainties in calculated decay heat due to uncertainties in assembly modeling parameters as well as in nuclear data. Capabilities in the SCALE nuclear analysis code system were used to quantify the effect on calculated decay heat of uncertainties in nuclear data and selected manufacturing and operation parameters for a typical boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel assembly. Furthermore, the BWR fuel assembly used as the reference case for this study was selected from a set of assemblies for which high-quality decay heat measurements are available, to assess the significance of the results through comparison with calculated and measured decay heat data.« less

  7. Decay heat uncertainty for BWR used fuel due to modeling and nuclear data uncertainties

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ilas, Germina; Liljenfeldt, Henrik

    Characterization of the energy released from radionuclide decay in nuclear fuel discharged from reactors is essential for the design, safety, and licensing analyses of used nuclear fuel storage, transportation, and repository systems. There are a limited number of decay heat measurements available for commercial used fuel applications. Because decay heat measurements can be expensive or impractical for covering the multitude of existing fuel designs, operating conditions, and specific application purposes, decay heat estimation relies heavily on computer code prediction. Uncertainty evaluation for calculated decay heat is an important aspect when assessing code prediction and a key factor supporting decision makingmore » for used fuel applications. While previous studies have largely focused on uncertainties in code predictions due to nuclear data uncertainties, this study discusses uncertainties in calculated decay heat due to uncertainties in assembly modeling parameters as well as in nuclear data. Capabilities in the SCALE nuclear analysis code system were used to quantify the effect on calculated decay heat of uncertainties in nuclear data and selected manufacturing and operation parameters for a typical boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel assembly. Furthermore, the BWR fuel assembly used as the reference case for this study was selected from a set of assemblies for which high-quality decay heat measurements are available, to assess the significance of the results through comparison with calculated and measured decay heat data.« less

  8. Effects of proliferation on the decay of thermotolerance in Chinese hamster cells.

    PubMed

    Armour, E P; Li, G C; Hahn, G M

    1985-09-01

    Development and decay of thermotolerance were observed in Chinese hamster HA-1 cells. The thermotolerance kinetics of exponentially growing and fed plateau-phase cells were compared. Following a 10-min heat exposure at 45 degrees C, cells in both growth states had similar rates of development of tolerance to a subsequent 45-min exposure at 45 degrees C. This thermotolerant state started to decay between 12 and 24 hr after the initial heat exposure. The decay appeared to initiate slightly sooner in the exponentially growing cells when compared to the fed plateau-phase cells. During the decay phase, the rate of thermotolerance decay was similar in the two growth conditions. In other experiments, cells were induced to divide at a slower rate by chronic growth (3 months) in a low concentration of fetal calf serum. Under these low serum conditions cells became more sensitive to heat and the rate of decay of thermotolerance remained the same for exponentially growing cells. Plateau-phase cells were also more sensitive, but thermotolerance decayed more rapidly in these cells. Although dramatic cell cycle perturbations were seen in the exponentially growing cells, these changes appeared not to be related to thermotolerance kinetics.

  9. Passive decay heat removal system for water-cooled nuclear reactors

    DOEpatents

    Forsberg, Charles W.

    1991-01-01

    A passive decay-heat removal system for a water-cooled nuclear reactor employs a closed heat transfer loop having heat-exchanging coils inside an open-topped, insulated box located inside the reactor vessel, below its normal water level, in communication with a condenser located outside of containment and exposed to the atmosphere. The heat transfer loop is located such that the evaporator is in a position where, when the water level drops in the reactor, it will become exposed to steam. Vapor produced in the evaporator passes upward to the condenser above the normal water level. In operation, condensation in the condenser removes heat from the system, and the condensed liquid is returned to the evaporator. The system is disposed such that during normal reactor operations where the water level is at its usual position, very little heat will be removed from the system, but during emergency, low water level conditions, substantial amounts of decay heat will be removed.

  10. Electron capture decay in Jovian planets

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zito, R.R.; Schiferl, D.

    1987-12-01

    Following the commonly acknowledged fact that the decay of K-40 substantially contributes to the heating of planetary interiors, an examination is made of the possibility that interior heat in the Jovian planets and stars, where interior pressures may exceed 45 Mbar, may be generated by the pressure-accelerated electron capture decay of a variety of isotopes. The isotopes considered encompass K-40, V-50, Te-123, La-138, Al-26, and Cl-36. 19 references.

  11. Probabilistic approach for decay heat uncertainty estimation using URANIE platform and MENDEL depletion code

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tsilanizara, A.; Gilardi, N.; Huynh, T. D.; Jouanne, C.; Lahaye, S.; Martinez, J. M.; Diop, C. M.

    2014-06-01

    The knowledge of the decay heat quantity and the associated uncertainties are important issues for the safety of nuclear facilities. Many codes are available to estimate the decay heat. ORIGEN, FISPACT, DARWIN/PEPIN2 are part of them. MENDEL is a new depletion code developed at CEA, with new software architecture, devoted to the calculation of physical quantities related to fuel cycle studies, in particular decay heat. The purpose of this paper is to present a probabilistic approach to assess decay heat uncertainty due to the decay data uncertainties from nuclear data evaluation like JEFF-3.1.1 or ENDF/B-VII.1. This probabilistic approach is based both on MENDEL code and URANIE software which is a CEA uncertainty analysis platform. As preliminary applications, single thermal fission of uranium 235, plutonium 239 and PWR UOx spent fuel cell are investigated.

  12. Quantification of the decay and re-induction of heat acclimation in dry-heat following 12 and 26 days without exposure to heat stress.

    PubMed

    Weller, Andrew S; Linnane, Denise M; Jonkman, Anna G; Daanen, Hein A M

    2007-12-01

    Compared with the induction of heat acclimation (HA), studies investigating the decay and re-induction of HA (RA) are relatively sparse and have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, 16 semi-nude men were acclimated to dry-heat by undertaking an exercise protocol in a hot chamber (dry-bulb temperature 46.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C; relative humidity 17.9 +/- 0.1%) on 10 consecutive days (HA1-10) in winter UK. Thereafter, the subjects were divided into two groups and re-exposed to the work-in-heat tests after 12 and 26 days until RA was attained (RA(12), n = 8; RA(26), n = 8). The exercise protocol consisted of 60 min of treadmill walking (1.53 m s(-1)) at an incline individually set to induce a rectal temperature (T (re)) of approximately 38.5 degrees C during HA1 (equating to 45 +/- 4% peak oxygen uptake), followed by 10 min of rest and 40 min of further treadmill exercise, the intensity of which was increased across HA to maintain T(re )at approximately 38.5 degrees C. T(re), mean skin temperature, heart rate and rate of total water loss measured at 60 min did not change after HA7, and HA was taken as the mean of the responses during HA8-10. For both groups, there was no decay in T(re) and for all measured variables RA was attained after 2 and 4 days in RA(12) and RA(26), respectively. It is concluded that once adaptation to heat has been attained, the time that individuals may spend in cooler conditions before returning to a hot environment could be as long as one month, without the need for extensive re-adaptation to heat.

  13. [The influence of oil heat treatment on wood decay resistance by Fourier infrared spectrum analysis].

    PubMed

    Wang, Ya-Mei; Ma, Shu-Ling; Feng, Li-Qun

    2014-03-01

    Wood preservative treatment can improve defects of plantation wood such as easy to corrupt and moth eaten. Among them heat-treatment is not only environmental and no pollution, also can improve the corrosion resistance and dimension stability of wood. In this test Poplar and Mongolian Seoteh Pine was treated by soybean oil as heat-conducting medium, and the heat treatment wood was studied for indoor decay resistance; wood chemical components before and after treatment, the effect of heat treatment on wood decay resistance performance and main mechanism of action were analysed by Fourier infrared spectrometric. Results showed that the mass loss rate of poplar fell from 19.37% to 5% and Mongolian Seoteh Pine's fell from 8.23% to 3.15%, so oil heat treatment can effectively improve the decay resistance. Infrared spectrum analysis shows that the heat treatment made wood's hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl groups in largely reduced, absorbing capacity decreased and the moisture of wood rotting fungi necessary was reduced; during the heat treatment wood chemical components such as cellulose, hemicellu lose were degraded, and the nutrient source of wood rotting fungi growth necessary was reduced. Wood decay fungi can grow in the wood to discredit wood is because of that wood can provide better living conditions for wood decay fungi, such as nutrients, water, oxygen, and so on. The cellulose and hemicellulose in wood is the main nutrition source of wood decay fungi. So the oil heat-treatment can reduce the cellulose, hemicellulose nutrition source of wood decay fungi so as to improve the decay resistance of wood.

  14. Nonlinear Decay and Plasma Heating by a Toroidal Alfvén Eigenmode

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qiu, Z.; Chen, L.; Zonca, F.; Chen, W.

    2018-03-01

    We demonstrate theoretically that a toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) can parametrically decay into a geodesic acoustic mode and kinetic TAE in a toroidal plasma. The corresponding threshold condition for the TAE amplitude is estimated to be |δ B⊥/B0|˜O (10-4). Here, δ B⊥ and B0 are, respectively, the perturbed magnetic field of the pump TAE and the equilibrium magnetic field. This novel decay process, in addition to contributing to the nonlinear saturation of energetic-particle or α -particle driven TAE instability, could also contribute to the heating as well as regulating the transports of thermal plasmas.

  15. Fission yields data generation and benchmarks of decay heat estimation of a nuclear fuel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gil, Choong-Sup; Kim, Do Heon; Yoo, Jae Kwon; Lee, Jounghwa

    2017-09-01

    Fission yields data with the ENDF-6 format of 235U, 239Pu, and several actinides dependent on incident neutron energies have been generated using the GEF code. In addition, fission yields data libraries of ORIGEN-S, -ARP modules in the SCALE code, have been generated with the new data. The decay heats by ORIGEN-S using the new fission yields data have been calculated and compared with the measured data for validation in this study. The fission yields data ORIGEN-S libraries based on ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.1.1, and JENDL/FPY-2011 have also been generated, and decay heats were calculated using the ORIGEN-S libraries for analyses and comparisons.

  16. Thermal Capacitance (Slug) Calorimeter Theory Including Heat Losses and Other Decaying Processes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hightower, T. Mark; Olivares, Ricardo A.; Philippidis, Daniel

    2008-01-01

    A mathematical model, termed the Slug Loss Model, has been developed for describing thermal capacitance (slug) calorimeter behavior when heat losses and other decaying processes are not negligible. This model results in the temperature time slope taking the mathematical form of exponential decay. When data is found to fit well to this model, it allows a heat flux value to be calculated that corrects for the losses and may be a better estimate of the cold wall fully catalytic heat flux, as is desired in arc jet testing. The model was applied to the data from a copper slug calorimeter inserted during a particularly severe high heating rate arc jet run to illustrate its use. The Slug Loss Model gave a cold wall heat flux 15% higher than the value of 2,250 W/sq cm obtained from the conventional approach to processing the data (where no correction is made for losses). For comparison, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model was created and applied to the same data, where conduction heat losses from the slug were simulated. The heat flux determined by the FEA model was found to be in close agreement with the heat flux determined by the Slug Loss Model.

  17. Whole-body heat exchange during heat acclimation and its decay.

    PubMed

    Poirier, Martin P; Gagnon, Daniel; Friesen, Brian J; Hardcastle, Stephen G; Kenny, Glen P

    2015-02-01

    The purpose of this study was to quantify how much whole-body heat loss increases during heat acclimation and the decay in these improvements after heat acclimation. Ten males underwent a 14-d heat acclimation protocol that consisted of 90 min of cycling in the heat (40°C, 20% relative humidity) at approximately 50% of maximum oxygen consumption. Before (day 0), during (day 7), and at the end (day 14) of the heat acclimation protocol as well as 7 and 14 d after heat acclimation (days 21 and 28), whole-body heat exchange (evaporative and dry) was measured using direct calorimetry during three bouts of 30-min exercise at 300 (Ex1), 350 (Ex2), and 400 W·m (Ex3), each separated by 10 and 20 min of recovery, respectively, at 35°C and 16% relative humidity. Concurrent measurements of metabolic heat production (indirect calorimetry) allowed for the direct calculation of change in body heat content (ΔHb). After accounting for an increase in net dry heat gain, increases in whole-body evaporative heat loss were evident for Ex2 and Ex3 on day 7 (Ex2, 4.9 ± 5.6%; Ex3, 9.0 ± 6.0%; both P ≤ 0.05) and all heat loads on day 14 (Ex1, 7.6 ± 8.3%; Ex2, 7.7 ± 5.5%; Ex3, 11.2 ± 4.6%; all P ≤ 0.05) relative to day 0 (Ex1, 494 ± 27 W; Ex2, 583 ± 21 W; Ex3, 622 ± 36 W). As a result, a lower cumulative ΔHb was measured on day 7 (-18 ± 8%, P ≤ 0.001) and day 14 (-26 ± 10%, P ≤ 0.001) compared with that measured on day 0 (1062 ± 123 kJ). Most of these improvements were retained after 2 wk of nonexposure to the heat. This is the first study to quantify how much 14 d of heat acclimation can increase whole-body evaporative heat loss, which can improve by as much as approximately 11%.

  18. Decay Heat Removal in GEN IV Gas-Cooled Fast Reactors

    DOE PAGES

    Cheng, Lap-Yan; Wei, Thomas Y. C.

    2009-01-01

    The safety goal of the current designs of advanced high-temperature thermal gas-cooled reactors (HTRs) is that no core meltdown would occur in a depressurization event with a combination of concurrent safety system failures. This study focused on the analysis of passive decay heat removal (DHR) in a GEN IV direct-cycle gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) which is based on the technology developments of the HTRs. Given the different criteria and design characteristics of the GFR, an approach different from that taken for the HTRs for passive DHR would have to be explored. Different design options based on maintaining core flow weremore » evaluated by performing transient analysis of a depressurization accident using the system code RELAP5-3D. The study also reviewed the conceptual design of autonomous systems for shutdown decay heat removal and recommends that future work in this area should be focused on the potential for Brayton cycle DHRs.« less

  19. Radiotoxicity and decay heat power of spent nuclear fuel of VVER type reactors at long-term storage.

    PubMed

    Bergelson, B R; Gerasimov, A S; Tikhomirov, G V

    2005-01-01

    Radiotoxicity and decay heat power of the spent nuclear fuel of VVER-1000 type reactors are calculated during storage time up to 300,000 y. Decay heat power of radioactive waste (radwaste) determines parameters of the heat removal system for the safe storage of spent nuclear fuel. Radiotoxicity determines the radiological hazard of radwaste after its leakage and penetration into the environment.

  20. The effects of moderately high temperature on zeaxanthin accumulation and decay.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Ru; Kramer, David M; Cruz, Jeffrey A; Struck, Kimberly R; Sharkey, Thomas D

    2011-09-01

    Moderately high temperature reduces photosynthetic capacities of leaves with large effects on thylakoid reactions of photosynthesis, including xanthophyll conversion in the lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane. In previous studies, we have found that leaf temperature of 40°C increased zeaxanthin accumulation in dark-adapted, intact tobacco leaves following a brief illumination, but did not change the amount of zeaxanthin in light-adatped leaves. To investigate heat effects on zeaxanthin accumulation and decay, zeaxanthin level was monitored optically in dark-adapted, intact tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves at either 23 or 40°C under 45-min illumination. Heated leaves had more zeaxanthin following 3-min light but had less or comparable amounts of zeaxanthin by the end of 45 min of illumination. Zeaxanthin accumulated faster at light initiation and decayed faster upon darkening in leaves at 40°C than leaves at 23°C, indicating that heat increased the activities of both violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZE). In addition, our optical measurement demonstrated in vivo that weak light enhances zeaxanthin decay relative to darkness in intact leaves of tobacco and Arabidopsis, confirming previous observations in isolated spinach chloroplasts. However, the maximum rate of decay is similar for weak light and darkness, and we used the maximum rate of decay following darkness as a measure of the rate of ZE during steady-state light. A simulation indicated that high temperature should cause a large shift in the pH dependence of the amount of zeaxanthin in leaves because of differential effects on VDE and ZE. This allows for the reduction in ΔpH caused by heat to be offset by increased VDE activity relative to ZE.

  1. System Analysis for Decay Heat Removal in Lead-Bismuth-Cooled Natural-Circulation Reactors

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sakai, Takaaki; Enuma, Yasuhiro; Iwasaki, Takashi

    2004-03-15

    Decay heat removal analyses for lead-bismuth-cooled natural-circulation reactors are described in this paper. A combined multidimensional plant dynamics code (MSG-COPD) has been developed to conduct the system analysis for the natural-circulation reactors. For the preliminary study, transient analysis has been performed for a 300-MW(thermal) lead-bismuth-cooled reactor designed by Argonne National Laboratory. In addition, decay heat removal characteristics of a 400-MW(electric) lead-bismuth-cooled natural-circulation reactor designed by the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) has been evaluated by using MSG-COPD. The primary reactor auxiliary cooling system (PRACS) is prepared for the JNC concept to get sufficient heat removal capacity. During 2000 smore » after the transient, the outlet temperature shows increasing tendency up to the maximum temperature of 430 deg. C because the buoyancy force in a primary circulation path is temporarily reduced. However, the natural circulation is recovered by the PRACS system, and the outlet temperature decreases successfully.« less

  2. Heat-induced ribosome pausing triggers mRNA co-translational decay in Arabidopsis thaliana

    PubMed Central

    Merret, Rémy; Nagarajan, Vinay K.; Carpentier, Marie-Christine; Park, Sunhee; Favory, Jean-Jacques; Descombin, Julie; Picart, Claire; Charng, Yee-yung; Green, Pamela J.; Deragon, Jean-Marc; Bousquet-Antonelli, Cécile

    2015-01-01

    The reprogramming of gene expression in heat stress is a key determinant to organism survival. Gene expression is downregulated through translation initiation inhibition and release of free mRNPs that are rapidly degraded or stored. In mammals, heat also triggers 5′-ribosome pausing preferentially on transcripts coding for HSC/HSP70 chaperone targets, but the impact of such phenomenon on mRNA fate remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence that, in Arabidopsis thaliana, heat provokes 5′-ribosome pausing leading to the XRN4-mediated 5′-directed decay of translating mRNAs. We also show that hindering HSC/HSP70 activity at 20°C recapitulates heat effects by inducing ribosome pausing and co-translational mRNA turnover. Strikingly, co-translational decay targets encode proteins with high HSC/HSP70 binding scores and hydrophobic N-termini, two characteristics that were previously observed for transcripts most prone to pausing in animals. This work suggests for the first time that stress-induced variation of translation elongation rate is an evolutionarily conserved process leading to the polysomal degradation of thousands of ‘non-aberrant’ mRNAs. PMID:25845591

  3. The induction and decay of heat acclimatisation in trained athletes.

    PubMed

    Armstrong, L E; Maresh, C M

    1991-11-01

    Heat acclimatisation/acclimation involves a complex of adaptations which includes decreased heart rate, rectal temperature, perceived exertion as well as increased plasma volume and sweat rate. These adaptations serve to reduce physiological strain, improve an athlete's ability to exercise in a hot environment, and reduce the incidence of some forms of heat illness. Few differences exist in the ability of men and women to acclimatise to heat. Typically, older runners do not perform in the heat as well as younger runners, but physical training can negate differences between these groups. Hormonal adaptations (e.g. aldosterone, vasopressin) during heat acclimatisation encourage fluid-electrolyte retention and cardiovascular stability. Athletes with high maximal aerobic power (VO2max) acclimatise to heat faster (and lose adaptations slower when they are inactive in a cool environment) than athletes with low VO2max values. Physical training in a cool environment improves physiological responses to exercise at high ambient temperatures. In attempting to optimise heat acclimatisation, athletes should maintain fluid-electrolyte balance, exercise at intensities greater than 50% VO2max for 10 to 14 days, and avoid factors (e.g. sleep loss, infectious disease) which are known to reduce heat tolerance. Once acclimatisation has been achieved, inactivity results in a decay of favourable adaptations, after only a few days or weeks.

  4. System Analysis for Decay Heat Removal in Lead-Bismuth Cooled Natural Circulated Reactors

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Takaaki Sakai; Yasuhiro Enuma; Takashi Iwasaki

    2002-07-01

    Decay heat removal analyses for lead-bismuth cooled natural circulation reactors are described in this paper. A combined multi-dimensional plant dynamics code (MSG-COPD) has been developed to conduct the system analysis for the natural circulation reactors. For the preliminary study, transient analysis has been performed for a 100 MWe lead-bismuth-cooled reactor designed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). In addition, decay heat removal characteristics of a 400 MWe lead-bismuth-cooled natural circulation reactor designed by Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) has been evaluated by using MSG-COPD. PRACS (Primary Reactor Auxiliary Cooling System) is prepared for the JNC's concept to get sufficient heatmore » removal capacity. During 2000 sec after the transient, the outlet temperature shows increasing tendency up to the maximum temperature of 430 Centigrade, because the buoyancy force in a primary circulation path is temporary reduced. However, the natural circulation is recovered by the PRACS system and the out let temperature decreases successfully. (authors)« less

  5. 46 CFR 25.45-1 - Heating and lighting systems on vessels carrying passengers for hire.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Heating and lighting systems on vessels carrying passengers for hire. 25.45-1 Section 25.45-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS REQUIREMENTS Cooking, Heating, and Lighting Systems § 25.45-1 Heating and lighting systems...

  6. Implementation and comparison of a suite of heat stress metrics within the Community Land Model version 4.5

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Buzan, J. R.; Oleson, K.; Huber, M.

    2014-08-01

    analyze the top 1% of heat stress events from 1901-2010 at a 4 × daily resolution from a global CLM4.5 simulation. We cross compare these events to the input moisture and temperature conditions, and with each metric. Our results show that heat stress may be divided into two regimes: arid and non-arid. The highest heat stress values are in areas with strong convection (±30° latitude). Equatorial regions have low variability in heat stress values (±20° latitude). Arid regions have large variability in extreme heat stress as compared to the low latitudes.

  7. PANDA asymmetric-configuration passive decay heat removal test results

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fischer, O.; Dreier, J.; Aubert, C.

    1997-12-01

    PANDA is a large-scale, low-pressure test facility for investigating passive decay heat removal systems for the next generation of LWRs. In the first series of experiments, PANDA was used to examine the long-term LOCA response of the Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS) for the General Electric (GE) Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (SBWR). The test objectives include concept demonstration and extension of the database available for qualification of containment codes. Also included is the study of the effects of nonuniform distributions of steam and noncondensable gases in the Dry-well (DW) and in the Suppression Chamber (SC). 3 refs., 9 figs.

  8. [Triptolide reverses apatinib resistance in gastric cancer cell line MKN45 via inhibition of heat shock protein 70].

    PubMed

    Teng, F; Xu, Z Y; Lyu, H; Wang, Y P; Wang, L J; Huang, T; Sun, J C; Zhu, H T; Ni, Y X; Cheng, X D

    2018-02-23

    Objective: To investigate the effect of triptolide, a specific inhibitor of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), on apatinib resistance in gastric cancer cells line MKN45. Methods: The apatinib-resistant cells (MKN45/AR) and MKN45 parental cells were treated with apatinib, triptolide and apatinib combined with triptolide, respectively. CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of MKN45/AR and MKN45 cells in the presence of different treatment. The mRNA expression of heat shock protein gene (HSPA1A and HSPA1B) was detected by RT-PCR, while the protein expression of heat shock protein 70 was analyzed using Western blot in MKN45/AR and MKN45 cells. Results: The IC(50) values of apatinib-sensitive and apatinib-resistant MKN45 cells were 10.411 μmol/L and 70.527 μmol/L, respectively, showing a significant difference ( P <0.05). The mRNA expression of HSPA1A and HSPA1B in MKN45/AR cells was significantly higher than that in MKN45 cells ( P <0.001). The protein expression of heat shock protein 70 was significantly decreased after 0.25 μmol/L triptolide treatment in MKN45/AR cells ( P <0.01). When heat shock protein 70 was inhibited by triptolide, the IC(50) value of apatinib in MKN45/AR cells was reduced to 11.679 μmol/L, which was significantly lower than cells treated with apatinib alone ( P <0.05). Conclusions: The apatinib-resistant MKN45 cells have high levels of heat shock protein 70. Low doses of triptolide can significantly inhibit heat shock protein 70, leading to reverse the resistance phenotype of MKN45/AR cells. Therefore, inhibition of heat shock protein 70 provides a new therapy strategy for patients with apatinib resistance.

  9. Understanding decay resistance, dimensional stability and strength changes in heat treated and acetylated wood

    Treesearch

    Roger M. Rowell; Rebecca E. Ibach; James McSweeny; Thomas Nilsson

    2009-01-01

    Reductions in hygroscopicity, increased dimensional stability and decay resistance of heat-treated wood depend on decomposition of a large portion of the hemicelluloses in the wood cell wall. In theory, these hemicelluloses are converted to small organic molecules, water and volatile furan-type intermediates that can polymerize in the cell wall. Reductions in...

  10. Global, decaying solutions of a focusing energy-critical heat equation in R4

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gustafson, Stephen; Roxanas, Dimitrios

    2018-05-01

    We study solutions of the focusing energy-critical nonlinear heat equation ut = Δu - | u|2 u in R4. We show that solutions emanating from initial data with energy and H˙1-norm below those of the stationary solution W are global and decay to zero, via the "concentration-compactness plus rigidity" strategy of Kenig-Merle [33,34]. First, global such solutions are shown to dissipate to zero, using a refinement of the small data theory and the L2-dissipation relation. Finite-time blow-up is then ruled out using the backwards-uniqueness of Escauriaza-Seregin-Sverak [17,18] in an argument similar to that of Kenig-Koch [32] for the Navier-Stokes equations.

  11. Thermal hydraulic design and decay heat removal of a solid target for a spallation neutron source

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Takenaka, N.; Nio, D.; Kiyanagi, Y.; Mishima, K.; Kawai, M.; Furusaka, M.

    2005-08-01

    Thermal hydraulic design and thermal stress calculations were conducted for a water-cooled solid target irradiated by a MW-class proton beam for a spallation neutron source. Plate type and rod bundle type targets were examined. The thickness of the plate and the diameter of the rod were determined based on the maximum and the wall surface temperature. The thermal stress distributions were calculated by a finite element method (FEM). The neutronics performance of the target is roughly proportional to its average density. The averaged densities of the designed targets were calculated for tungsten plates, tantalum clad tungsten plates, tungsten rods sheathed by tantalum and Zircaloy and they were compared with mercury density. It was shown that the averaged density was highest for the tungsten plates and was high for the tantalum cladding tungsten plates, the tungsten rods sheathed by tantalum and Zircaloy in order. They were higher than or equal to that of mercury for the 1 2 MW proton beams. Tungsten target without the cladding or the sheath is not practical due to corrosion by water under irradiation condition. Therefore, the tantalum cladding tungsten plate already made successfully by HIP and the sheathed tungsten rod are the candidate of high performance solid targets. The decay heat of each target was calculated. It was low enough low compared to that of ISIS for the target without tantalum but was about four times as high as that of ISIS when the thickness of the tantalum cladding was 0.5 mm. Heat removal methods of the decay heat with tantalum were examined. It was shown that a special cooling system was required for the target exchange when tantalum was used for the target. It was concluded that the tungsten rod target sheathed with stainless steel or Zircaloy was the most reliable from the safety considerations and had similar neutronics performance to that of mercury.

  12. Modeling Coronal Response in Decaying Active Regions with Magnetic Flux Transport and Steady Heating

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio; Warren, Harry P.; Upton, Lisa A.; Young, Peter R.

    2017-09-01

    We present new measurements of the dependence of the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiance on the total magnetic flux in active regions as obtained from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Using observations of nine active regions tracked along different stages of evolution, we extend the known radiance—magnetic flux power-law relationship (I\\propto {{{Φ }}}α ) to the AIA 335 Å passband, and the Fe xviii 93.93 Å spectral line in the 94 Å passband. We find that the total unsigned magnetic flux divided by the polarity separation ({{Φ }}/D) is a better indicator of radiance for the Fe xviii line with a slope of α =3.22+/- 0.03. We then use these results to test our current understanding of magnetic flux evolution and coronal heating. We use magnetograms from the simulated decay of these active regions produced by the Advective Flux Transport model as boundary conditions for potential extrapolations of the magnetic field in the corona. We then model the hydrodynamics of each individual field line with the Enthalpy-based Thermal Evolution of Loops model with steady heating scaled as the ratio of the average field strength and the length (\\bar{B}/L) and render the Fe xviii and 335 Å emission. We find that steady heating is able to partially reproduce the magnitudes and slopes of the EUV radiance—magnetic flux relationships and discuss how impulsive heating can help reconcile the discrepancies. This study demonstrates that combined models of magnetic flux transport, magnetic topology, and heating can yield realistic estimates for the decay of active region radiances with time.

  13. Beta decay heat following U-235, U-238 and Pu-239 neutron fission

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Shengjie

    1997-09-01

    This is an experimental study of beta-particle decay heat from 235U, 239Pu and 238U aggregate fission products over delay times 0.4-40,000 seconds. The experimental results below 2s for 235U and 239Pu, and below 20s for 238U, are the first such results reported. The experiments were conducted at the UMASS Lowell 5.5-MV Van de Graaff accelerator and 1-MW swimming-pool research reactor. Thermalized neutrons from the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction induced fission in 238U and 239Pu, and fast neutrons produced in the reactor initiated fission in 238U. A helium-jet/tape-transport system rapidly transferred fission fragments from a fission chamber to a low background counting area. Delay times after fission were selected by varying the tape speed or the position of the spray point relative to the beta spectrometer that employed a thin-scintillator-disk gating technique to separate beta-particles from accompanying gamma-rays. Beta and gamma sources were both used in energy calibration. Based on low-energy(<1 MeV) internal-conversion electron studies, a set of trial responses for the spectrometer was established and spanned electron energies 0-10 MeV. Measured beta spectra were unfolded for their energy distributions by the program FERD, and then compared to other measurements and summation calculations based on ENDF/B-VI fission-product data performed on the LANL Cray computer. Measurements of the beta activity as a function of decay time furnished a relative normalization. Results for the beta decay heat are presented and compared with other experimental data and the summation calculations.

  14. Decay heat of sodium fast reactor: Comparison of experimental measurements on the PHENIX reactor with calculations performed with the French DARWIN package

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Benoit, J. C.; Bourdot, P.; Eschbach, R.

    2012-07-01

    A Decay Heat (DH) experiment on the whole core of the French Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor PHENIX has been conducted in May 2008. The measurements began an hour and a half after the shutdown of the reactor and lasted twelve days. It is one of the experiments used for the experimental validation of the depletion code DARWIN thereby confirming the excellent performance of the aforementioned code. Discrepancies between measured and calculated decay heat do not exceed 8%. (authors)

  15. Fission product transport analysis in a loss of decay heat removal accident at Browns Ferry

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wichner, R.P.; Weber, C.F.; Hodge, S.A.

    1984-01-01

    This paper summarizes an analysis of the movement of noble gases, iodine, and cesium fission products within the Mark-I containment BWR reactor system represented by Browns Ferry Unit 1 during a postulated accident sequence initiated by a loss of decay heat removal (DHR) capability following a scram. The event analysis showed that this accident could be brought under control by various means, but the sequence with no operator action ultimately leads to containment (drywell) failure followed by loss of water from the reactor vessel, core degradation due to overheating, and reactor vessel failure with attendant movement of core debris ontomore » the drywell floor.« less

  16. Activation, decay heat, and waste classification studies of the European DEMO concept

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gilbert, M. R.; Eade, T.; Bachmann, C.; Fischer, U.; Taylor, N. P.

    2017-04-01

    Inventory calculations have a key role to play in designing future fusion power plants because, for a given irradiation field and material, they can predict the time evolution in chemical composition, activation, decay heat, gamma-dose, gas production, and even damage (dpa) dose. For conceptual designs of the European DEMO fusion reactor such calculations provide information about the neutron shielding requirements, maintenance schedules, and waste disposal prospects; thereby guiding future development. Extensive neutron-transport and inventory calculations have been performed for a reference DEMO reactor model with four different tritium-breeding blanket concepts. The results have been used to chart the post-operation variation in activity and decay heat from different vessel components, demonstrating that the shielding performance of the different blanket concepts—for a given blanket thickness—varies significantly. Detailed analyses of the simulated nuclide inventories for the vacuum vessel (VV) and divertor highlight the most dominant radionuclides, potentially suggesting how changes in material composition could help to reduce activity. Minor impurities in the raw composition of W used in divertor tiles, for example, are shown to produce undesirable long-lived radionuclides. Finally, waste classifications, based on UK regulations, and a recycling potential limit, have been applied to estimate the time-evolution in waste masses for both the entire vessel (including blanket modules, VV, divertor, and some ex-vessel components) and individual components, and also to suggest when a particular component might be suitable for recycling. The results indicate that the large mass of the VV will not be classifiable as low level waste on the 100 year timescale, but the majority of the divertor will be, and that both components will be potentially recyclable within that time.

  17. Temperature and density evolution during decay in a 2.45 GHz hydrogen electron cyclotron resonance plasma: off-resonant and resonant cases.

    PubMed

    Cortázar, O D; Megía-Macías, A; Vizcaíno-de-Julián, A

    2013-09-01

    Time resolved electron temperature and density measurements during the decay stage in a hydrogen electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma are presented for a resonance and off-resonance magnetic field configurations. The measurements are conducted on a ECR plasma generator excited at 2.45 GHz denominated test-bench for ion-sources plasma studies at ESS Bilbao. The plasma parameters evolution is studied by Langmuir probe diagnostic with synchronized sample technique developed for repetitive pulsed plasmas with a temporal resolution of 200 ns in typical decay processes of about 40 μs. An afterglow transient is clearly observed in the reflected microwave power signal from the plasma. Simultaneously, the electron temperature evolution shows rebounding peaks that may be related to the interplay between density drop and microwave coupling with deep impact on the Electron Energy Distribution Function. The correlation of such structures with the plasma absorbed power and the coupling quality is also reported.

  18. Postharvest behaviour of five Sardinian prune varieties as affected by immersion in heated sodium bicarbonate solution.

    PubMed

    Molinu, M G; Venditti, T; Dore, A; Agabbio, M; Rosas, G; D'Hallewin, G

    2010-01-01

    Storage behaviour of 'Core', 'Core Columbu', 'Fradis' and 'Meloni' white prunes, and a black one ('Sighera') of Sardinian germplasm were evaluated following immersion for 0 (control), 15, 30, 45 or 60 sec in water at 20, 50, 55 or 60 degrees C with or without 2% (w/v) NaHCO3 (SBC). As international varieties, fruit from one white plum ('Shiro') and one black prune ('Stanly') were subjected to the same treatments. Fruit was harvested at commercial maturity, treated and then stored for 1 month at 5 degrees C and 90% RH followed by a simulated marketing period at 20 degrees C and 80% RH for 6 days. Fruit appearance, external damage, firmness and decay percentage were monitored after storage and SMP. Treatments did not induce rind damage (browning or discoloration) to any variety. SBC at 20, 45, 50 or 55 degrees C for 15 or 30 sec was not effective in controlling decay and compared to controls no improvement was observed. Immersion for 45 or 60 sec with SBC at all temperatures improved decay control with respect to controls and best results were obtained at 50 or 55 degrees C. Immersions at 60 degrees C improved decay control, but differences were not significant compared to the control attained with solutions of SBC heated at 55 degrees C. The overall appearance of 'Core', 'Core Columbu', 'Fradis' and 'Shiro' decreased significantly after the SMP period, especially when treated at 55 or 60 degrees C for 60 sec. Fruit shrivel was the main cause of the low rating. SBC did not affect shrivel indicating that heat treatment may be the probable cause. In general, local varieties were less affected by decay than other varieties and they performed well during storage.

  19. Novel measurement method of heat and light detection for neutrinoless double beta decay

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, G. B.; Choi, J. H.; Jo, H. S.; Kang, C. S.; Kim, H. L.; Kim, I.; Kim, S. R.; Kim, Y. H.; Lee, C.; Lee, H. J.; Lee, M. K.; Li, J.; Oh, S. Y.; So, J. H.

    2017-05-01

    We developed a cryogenic phonon-scintillation detector to search for 0νββ decay of 100Mo. The detector module, a proto-type setup of the AMoRE experiment, has a scintillating 40Ca100MoO4 absorber composed of 100Mo-enriched and 48Ca-depleted elements. This new detection method employs metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) as the sensor technology for simultaneous detection of heat and light signals. It is designed to have high energy and timing resolutions to increase sensitivity to probe the rare event. The detector, which is composed of a 200 g 40Ca100MoO4 crystal and phonon/photon sensors, showed an energy resolution of 8.7 keV FWHM at 2.6 MeV, with a weak temperature dependence in the range of 10-40 mK. Using rise-time and mean-time parameters and light/heat ratios, the proposed method showed a strong capability of rejecting alpha-induced events from electron events with as good as 20σ separation. Moreover, we discussed how the signal rise-time improves the rejection efficiency for random coincidence signals.

  20. Convective heat transfer studies at high temperatures with pressure gradient for inlet flow Mach number of 0.45

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pedrosa, A. C. F.; Nagamatsu, H. T.; Hinckel, J. A.

    1984-01-01

    Heat transfer measurements were determined for a flat plate with and without pressure gradient for various free stream temperatures, wall temperature ratios, and Reynolds numbers for an inlet flow Mach number of 0.45, which is a representative inlet Mach number for gas turbine rotor blades. A shock tube generated the high temperature and pressure air flow, and a variable geometry test section was used to produce inlet flow Mach number of 0.45 and accelerate the flow over the plate to sonic velocity. Thin-film platinum heat gages recorded the local heat flux for laminar, transition, and turbulent boundary layers. The free stream temperatures varied from 611 R (339 K) to 3840 R (2133 K) for a T(w)/T(r,g) temperature ratio of 0.87 to 0.14. The Reynolds number over the heat gages varied from 3000 to 690,000. The experimental heat transfer data were correlated with laminar and turbulent boundary layer theories for the range of temperatures and Reynolds numbers and the transition phenomenon was examined.

  1. Carbonic acid salts at 25 or 45 degrees C to control loquat decay under shelf life conditions.

    PubMed

    Molinu, M G; D'Hallewin, G; Dore, A; Serusi, A; Venditti, T; Agabbio, M

    2005-01-01

    Generally recognised as save compounds (G.R.A.S) are attractive substitutes to synthetic chemicals in postharvest control diseases. They meet safety requirements, are cheap and able to be integrated with other disease control technologies. Among G.R.A.S compounds, carbonic acid salts have been investigated on carrots, bell pepper, melons, sweet cherries and their efficacy was also evaluated when combined with biological control agents. Moreover, the possibility to use sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate to prevent P. digitatum an P. italicum spread on Citrus fruit was studied since the begin of the 20th century. We explored the possibility to extend the use of carbonate-bicarbonate salts on loquat fruit in order to control the pathogens and to extend postharvest life. Loquat is a very perishable fruit, susceptible to decay, mechanical damage, moisture and nutritional losses during its postharvest life. We tested the combined effect of temperature and sodium or potassium carbonate-bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. The fruit was dipped in the salt solutions at variable concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2% w/v) at 25 or 45 degrees C for two minutes and than stored under shelf life conditions (25 degrees C and 70% RH). Decay, weight loss, pH, titrable acidity and sugar content were detected after twelve days. Preliminary data show that the combined treatments were effective in decay control depending on salts. Best results were obtained with 2% potassium and sodium carbonate solution at 25 degrees C. Weight losses were related to treatment temperature and salts concentrations whereas, no differences were detected in the chemical parameters compared to the control.

  2. Existence and energy decay of a nonuniform Timoshenko system with second sound

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hamadouche, Taklit; Messaoudi, Salim A.

    2018-02-01

    In this paper, we consider a linear thermoelastic Timoshenko system with variable physical parameters, where the heat conduction is given by Cattaneo's law and the coupling is via the displacement equation. We discuss the well-posedness and the regularity of solution using the semigroup theory. Moreover, we establish the exponential decay result provided that the stability function χ r(x)=0. Otherwise, we show that the solution decays polynomially.

  3. Drosophila UNC-45 prevents heat-induced aggregation of skeletal muscle myosin and facilitates refolding of citrate synthase

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Melkani, Girish C.; Lee, Chi F.; Cammarato, Anthony

    2010-05-28

    UNC-45 belongs to the UCS (UNC-45, CRO1, She4p) domain protein family, whose members interact with various classes of myosin. Here we provide structural and biochemical evidence that Escherichia coli-expressed Drosophila UNC-45 (DUNC-45) maintains the integrity of several substrates during heat-induced stress in vitro. DUNC-45 displays chaperone function in suppressing aggregation of the muscle myosin heavy meromyosin fragment, the myosin S-1 motor domain, {alpha}-lactalbumin and citrate synthase. Biochemical evidence is supported by electron microscopy, which reveals the first structural evidence that DUNC-45 prevents inter- or intra-molecular aggregates of skeletal muscle heavy meromyosin caused by elevated temperatures. We also demonstrate for themore » first time that UNC-45 is able to refold a denatured substrate, urea-unfolded citrate synthase. Overall, this in vitro study provides insight into the fate of muscle myosin under stress conditions and suggests that UNC-45 protects and maintains the contractile machinery during in vivo stress.« less

  4. Hot water bath treatments assisted by microwave energy to delay postharvest ripening and decay in strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa).

    PubMed

    Villa-Rojas, Rossana; López-Malo, Aurelio; Sosa-Morales, María Elena

    2011-09-01

    A lab-scale approach using microwave (MW)-assisted hot water treatments was developed and tested to assess the potential of this heating method to delay postharvest ripening and decay in strawberries. Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) immersed in water were exposed to microwaves at a frequency of 2450 MHz for 3 min at 514 W or 1 min 50 s at 763 W to reach an average temperature of 43.8 ± 0.6 °C at the fruit centre. Another batch was treated in hot water at 45 °C for 15 min, and a final batch was not treated (control). After 9 days of refrigerated storage (3 °C and 90% relative humidity), all heat-treated strawberries showed significant retention of quality parameters such as colour and firmness and significantly lower yeast and mould populations (P < 0.05). Strawberries subjected to MW-assisted hot water treatments showed significantly better retention of lightness compared with conventionally treated berries. A short (1 min 50 s) treatment at 763 W was the best choice to prevent strawberry decay. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.

  5. Influence of Solar and Thermal Radiation on Future Heat Stress Using CMIP5 Archive Driving the Community Land Model Version 4.5

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Buzan, J. R.; Huber, M.

    2015-12-01

    The summer of 2015 has experienced major heat waves on 4 continents, and heat stress left ~4000 people dead in India and Pakistan. Heat stress is caused by a combination of meteorological factors: temperature, humidity, and radiation. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) uses Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT)—an empirical metric this is calibrated with temperature, humidity, and radiation—for determining labor capacity during heat stress. Unfortunately, most literature studying global heat stress focuses on extreme temperature events, and a limited number of studies use the combination of temperature and humidity. Recent global assessments use WBGT, yet omit the radiation component without recalibrating the metric.Here we explicitly calculate future WBGT within a land surface model, including radiative fluxes as produced by a modeled globe thermometer. We use the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5), which is a component model of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), and is maintained by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). To drive our CLM4.5 simulations, we use greenhouse gasses Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (business as usual), and atmospheric output from the CMIP5 Archive. Humans work in a variety of environments, and we place the modeled globe thermometer in a variety of environments. We modify CLM4.5 code to calculate solar and thermal radiation fluxes below and above canopy vegetation, and in bare ground. To calculate wet bulb temperature, we implemented the HumanIndexMod into CLM4.5. The temperature, wet bulb temperature, and radiation fields are calculated at every model time step and are outputted 4x Daily. We use these fields to calculate WBGT and labor capacity for two time slices: 2026-2045 and 2081-2100.

  6. Excitation of half-integer up-shifted decay channel and quasi-mode in plasma edge for high power electron Bernstein wave heating scenario

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ali Asgarian, M.; Abbasi, M.

    2018-04-01

    Electron Bernstein waves (EBW) consist of promising tools in driving localized off-axis current needed for sustained operation as well as effective selective heating scenarios in advanced over dense fusion plasmas like spherical tori and stellarators by applying high power radio frequency waves within the range of Megawatts. Here some serious non-linear effects like parametric decay modes are highly expect-able which have been extensively studied theoretically and experimentally. In general, the decay of an EBW depends on the ratio of the incident frequency and electron cyclotron frequency. At ratios less than two, parametric decay leads to a lower hybrid wave (or an ion Bernstein wave) and EBWs at a lower frequency. For ratios more than two, the daughter waves constitute either an electron cyclotron quasi-mode and another EBW or an ion wave and EBW. However, in contrast with these decay patterns, the excitation of an unusual up-shifted frequency decay channel for the ratio less than two is demonstrated in this study which is totally different as to its generation and persistence. It is shown that this mode varies from the conventional parametric decay channels which necessarily satisfy the matching conditions in frequency and wave-vector. Moreover, the excitation of some less-known local non-propagating quasi-modes (virtual modes) through weak-turbulence theory and their contributions to energy leakage from conversion process leading the reduction in conversion efficiency is assessed.

  7. Scattering of lattice solitons and decay of heat-current correlation in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-α -β model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jin, Tao; Yu, Jian; Zhang, Nan; Zhao, Hong

    2017-08-01

    As is well known, solitons can be excited in nonlinear lattice systems; however, whether, and if so, how, this kind of nonlinear excitation can affect the energy transport behavior is not yet fully understood. Here we study both the scattering dynamics of solitons and heat transport properties in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-α -β model with an asymmetric interparticle interaction. By varying the asymmetry degree of the interaction (characterized by α ), we find that (i) for each α there exists a momentum threshold for exciting solitons from which one may infer an α -dependent feature of probability of presentation of solitons at a finite-temperature equilibrium state and (ii) the scattering rate of solitons is sensitively dependent on α . Based on these findings, we conjecture that the scattering between solitons will cause the nonmonotonic α -dependent feature of heat conduction. Fortunately, such a conjecture is indeed verified by our detailed examination of the time decay behavior of the heat current correlation function, but it is only valid for an early time stage. Thus, this result may suggest that solitons can have only a relatively short survival time when exposed in a thermal environment, eventually affecting the heat transport in a short time.

  8. What heated the parent meteorite planets?

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wood, John A.; Pellas, Paul

    1991-01-01

    The plausibility of the two most wide discussed mechanisms, decay of short-lived Al-26 and solar wind induction heating, for heating the small planetesimals in which the meteorites formed are examined and shown to have significant problems. The main problem for the Al-26 decay mechanism is the fact that eucritic lavas, melted by the mysterious heating mechanism in some early planetesimal, did not contain enough Al-26 to decay to radiogenic Mg-26 when they erupted to their planetesimal surface and cooled. It is necessary to postulate that the lavas lingered underground while their Al-26 decayed away. The solar wind induction heat concept has the problem that astrophysical evidence has made is seem increasingly unlikely that an intense solar wind flux blew past planetesimals in the early solar system. Instead, it was probably collimated in the direction of the sun's poles by the persistence of the solar nebula during the T Tauri epoch.

  9. Update and evaluation of decay data for spent nuclear fuel analyses

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Simeonov, Teodosi; Wemple, Charles

    2017-09-01

    Studsvik's approach to spent nuclear fuel analyses combines isotopic concentrations and multi-group cross-sections, calculated by the CASMO5 or HELIOS2 lattice transport codes, with core irradiation history data from the SIMULATE5 reactor core simulator and tabulated isotopic decay data. These data sources are used and processed by the code SNF to predict spent nuclear fuel characteristics. Recent advances in the generation procedure for the SNF decay data are presented. The SNF decay data includes basic data, such as decay constants, atomic masses and nuclide transmutation chains; radiation emission spectra for photons from radioactive decay, alpha-n reactions, bremsstrahlung, and spontaneous fission, electrons and alpha particles from radioactive decay, and neutrons from radioactive decay, spontaneous fission, and alpha-n reactions; decay heat production; and electro-atomic interaction data for bremsstrahlung production. These data are compiled from fundamental (ENDF, ENSDF, TENDL) and processed (ESTAR) sources for nearly 3700 nuclides. A rigorous evaluation procedure of internal consistency checks and comparisons to measurements and benchmarks, and code-to-code verifications is performed at the individual isotope level and using integral characteristics on a fuel assembly level (e.g., decay heat, radioactivity, neutron and gamma sources). Significant challenges are presented by the scope and complexity of the data processing, a dearth of relevant detailed measurements, and reliance on theoretical models for some data.

  10. Effect of Permissive Dehydration on Induction and Decay of Heat Acclimation, and Temperate Exercise Performance

    PubMed Central

    Neal, Rebecca A.; Massey, Heather C.; Tipton, Michael J.; Young, John S.; Corbett, Jo

    2016-01-01

    Purpose: It has been suggested that dehydration is an independent stimulus for heat acclimation (HA), possibly through influencing fluid-regulation mechanisms and increasing plasma volume (PV) expansion. There is also some evidence that HA may be ergogenic in temperate conditions and that this may be linked to PV expansion. We investigated: (i) the influence of dehydration on the time-course of acquisition and decay of HA; (ii) whether dehydration augmented any ergogenic benefits in temperate conditions, particularly those related to PV expansion. Methods: Eight males [VO2max: 56.9(7.2) mL·kg−1·min−1] undertook two HA programmes (balanced cross-over design), once drinking to maintain euhydration (HAEu) and once with restricted fluid-intake (HADe). Days 1, 6, 11, and 18 were 60 min exercise-heat stress tests [HST (40°C; 50% RH)], days 2–5 and 7–10 were 90 min, isothermal-strain (Tre ~ 38.5°C), exercise-heat sessions. Performance parameters [VO2max, lactate threshold, efficiency, peak power output (PPO)] were determined pre and post HA by graded exercise test (22°C; 55%RH). Results: During isothermal-strain sessions hypohydration was achieved in HADe and euhydration maintained in HAEu [average body mass loss −2.71(0.82)% vs. −0.56(0.73)%, P < 0.001], but aldosterone concentration, power output, and cardiovascular strain were unaffected by dehydration. HA was evident on day 6 {reduced end-exercise Tre [−0.30(0.27)°C] and exercise heart rate [−12(15) beats.min−1], increased PV [+7.2(6.4)%] and sweat-loss [+0.25(0.22) L.h−1], P < 0.05} with some further adaptations on day 11 {further reduced end-exercise Tre [−0.25(0.19)°C] and exercise heart rate [−3(9) beats.min−1], P < 0.05}. These adaptations were not notably affected by dehydration and were generally maintained 7-days post HA. Performance parameters were unchanged, apart from increased PPO (+16(20) W, irrespective of condition). Conclusions: When thermal-strain is matched

  11. Ring current proton decay by charge exchange

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Smith, P. H.; Hoffman, R. A.; Fritz, T.

    1975-01-01

    Explorer 45 measurements during the recovery phase of a moderate magnetic storm have confirmed that the charge exchange decay mechanism can account for the decay of the storm-time proton ring current. Data from the moderate magnetic storm of 24 February 1972 was selected for study since a symmetrical ring current had developed and effects due to asymmetric ring current losses could be eliminated. It was found that after the initial rapid decay of the proton flux, the equatorially mirroring protons in the energy range 5 to 30 keV decayed throughout the L-value range of 3.5 to 5.0 at the charge exchange decay rate calculated by Liemohn. After several days of decay, the proton fluxes reached a lower limit where an apparent equilibrium was maintained, between weak particle source mechanisms and the loss mechanisms, until fresh protons were injected into the ring current region during substorms. While other proton loss mechanisms may also be operating, the results indicate that charge exchange can entirely account for the storm-time proton ring current decay, and that this mechanism must be considered in all studies involving the loss of proton ring current particles.

  12. Avoided climate impacts of urban and rural heat and cold waves over the U.S. using large climate model ensembles for RCP8.5 and RCP4.5

    PubMed Central

    Anderson, G.B.; Jones, B.; McGinnis, S.A.; Sanderson, B.

    2015-01-01

    Previous studies examining future changes in heat/cold waves using climate model ensembles have been limited to grid cell-average quantities. Here, we make use of an urban parameterization in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) that represents the urban heat island effect, which can exacerbate extreme heat but may ameliorate extreme cold in urban relative to rural areas. Heat/cold wave characteristics are derived for U.S. regions from a bias-corrected CESM 30-member ensemble for climate outcomes driven by the RCP8.5 forcing scenario and a 15-member ensemble driven by RCP4.5. Significant differences are found between urban and grid cell-average heat/cold wave characteristics. Most notably, urban heat waves for 1981–2005 are more intense than grid cell-average by 2.1°C (southeast) to 4.6°C (southwest), while cold waves are less intense. We assess the avoided climate impacts of urban heat/cold waves in 2061–2080 when following the lower forcing scenario. Urban heat wave days per year increase from 6 in 1981–2005 to up to 92 (southeast) in RCP8.5. Following RCP4.5 reduces heat wave days by about 50%. Large avoided impacts are demonstrated for individual communities; e.g., the longest heat wave for Houston in RCP4.5 is 38 days while in RCP8.5 there is one heat wave per year that is longer than a month with some lasting the entire summer. Heat waves also start later in the season in RCP4.5 (earliest are in early May) than RCP8.5 (mid-April), compared to 1981–2005 (late May). In some communities, cold wave events decrease from 2 per year for 1981–2005 to one-in-five year events in RCP4.5 and one-in-ten year events in RCP8.5. PMID:29520121

  13. Noble gas, iodine, and cesium transport in a postulated loss of decay heat removal accident at Browns Ferry

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wichner, R.P.; Hodge, S.A.; Weber, C.F.

    1984-08-01

    This report presents an analysis of the movement of noble gas, iodine, and cesium fission products within the Mark-I containment BWR reactor system represented by Browns Ferry Unit 1 during a postulated accident sequence initiated by a loss of decay heat removal capability following a scram. The event analysis showed that this accident could be brought under control by various means, but the sequence with no operator action ultimately leads to containment (drywell) failure followed by loss of water from the reactor vessel, core degradation due to overheating, and reactor vessel failure with attendant movement of core debris onto themore » drywell floor. The analysis of fission product transport presented in this report is based on the no-operator-action sequence and provides an estimate of fission product inventories, as a function of time, within 14 control volumes outside the core, with the atmosphere considered as the final control volume in the transport sequence. As in the case of accident sequences previously studied, we find small barrier for noble gas ejection to air, these gases being effectively purged from the drywell and reactor building by steam and concrete degradation gases. However, significant decay of krypton isotopes occurs during the long delay times involved in this sequence. In contrast, large degrees of holdup for iodine and cesium are projected due to the chemical reactivity of these elements. Only about 2 x 10/sup -4/% of the initial iodine and cesium activity are predicted to be released to the atmosphere. Principal barriers for release are deposition on reactor vessel and containment walls. A significant amount of iodine is captured in the water pool formed in the reactor building basement after actuation of the fire protection system.« less

  14. The decay of hot nuclei formed in La-induced reactions at E/A=45 MeV

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Libby, Bruce

    1993-01-01

    The decay of hot nuclei formed in the reactions 139La + 27Al, 51V, natCu, and 139La were studied by the coincident detection of up to four complex fragments (Z > 3) emitted in these reactions. Fragments were characterized as to their atomic number, energy and in- and out-of-plane angles. The probability of the decay by an event of a given complex fragment multiplicity as a function of excitation energy per nucleon of the source is nearly independent of the system studied. Additionally, there is no large increase in the proportion of multiple fragment events as the excitation energy of themore » source increases past 5 MeV/nucleon. This is at odds with many prompt multifragmentation models of nuclear decay. The reactions 139La + 27Al, 51V, natCu were also studied by combining a dynamical model calculation that simulates the early stages of nuclear reactions with a statistical model calculation for the latter stages of the reactions. For the reaction 139La + 27Al, these calculations reproduced many of the experimental features, but other features were not reproduced. For the reaction 139La + 51V, the calculation failed to reproduce somewhat more of the experimental features. The calculation failed to reproduce any of the experimental features of the reaction 139La + natCu, with the exception of the source velocity distributions.« less

  15. The decay of hot nuclei formed in La-induced reactions at E/A=45 MeV

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Libby, B.

    1993-01-01

    The decay of hot nuclei formed in the reactions [sup 139]La + [sup 27]Al, [sup 51]V, [sup nat]Cu, and [sup 139]La were studied by the coincident detection of up to four complex fragments (Z > 3) emitted in these reactions. Fragments were characterized as to their atomic number, energy and in- and out-of-plane angles. The probability of the decay by an event of a given complex fragment multiplicity as a function of excitation energy per nucleon of the source is nearly independent of the system studied. Additionally, there is no large increase in the proportion of multiple fragment events asmore » the excitation energy of the source increases past 5 MeV/nucleon. This is at odds with many prompt multifragmentation models of nuclear decay. The reactions [sup 139]La + [sup 27]Al, [sup 51]V, [sup nat]Cu were also studied by combining a dynamical model calculation that simulates the early stages of nuclear reactions with a statistical model calculation for the latter stages of the reactions. For the reaction [sup 139]La + [sup 27]Al, these calculations reproduced many of the experimental features, but other features were not reproduced. For the reaction [sup 139]La + [sup 51]V, the calculation failed to reproduce somewhat more of the experimental features. The calculation failed to reproduce any of the experimental features of the reaction [sup 139]La + [sup nat]Cu, with the exception of the source velocity distributions.« less

  16. a Search for Nucleon Decay with Multiple Muon Decays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Phillips, Thomas James

    A search was made for nucleon decays which result in multiple delayed muon decays using the HPW (Harvard -Purdue-Wisconsin) water Cerenkov detector. The HPW detector consists of 680 metric tons of purified water instrumented with 704 five-inch photomultiplier tubes. The phototubes are situated on a volume array with a lattice spacing of approximately one meter, and the inside walls of the detector are lined with mirrors. This combination of mirrors and a volume array of phototubes gives the HPW detector a low trigger energy threshold and a high muon decay detection efficiency. The detector is surrounded by wire chambers to provide an active shield, and is located at a depth of 1500 meters-of-water-equivalent in the Silver King Mine in Park City, Utah. The entire HPW data set, consisting of 17.2 million events collec- ted during 282 live days between May 1983 and October 1984, was analyzed. No contained events with multiple muon decays were found in a 180 ton fiducial volume. This is consistent with the background rate from neutrino interactions, which is expected to be 0.7 (+OR-) 0.2 events. The calculated lower lifetime limit for the decay mode p (--->) (mu)('+)(mu)('+)(mu)('-) is: (tau)/B.R. = 1 x 10('31) years (90% C.L.). Limits are calculated for ten other proton decay modes and five bound neutron decay modes, most of which are around 4 x 10('30) years (90% C.L.). No previous studies have reported results from direct searches for eight of these modes.

  17. Beta decay of 187Re and cosmochronology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ashktorab, K.; Jänecke, J. W.; Becchetti, F. D.

    1993-06-01

    Uncertainties which limit the use of the 187-187Os isobaric pair as a cosmochronometer for the age of the galaxy and the universe include those of the partial half-lives of the continuum and bound-state decays of 187Re. While the total half-life of the decay is well established, the partial half-life for the continuum decay is uncertain, and several previous measurements are not compatible with each other. A high-temperature quartz proportional counter has been used in this work to remeasure the continuum decay of 187Re by introducing a metallo-organic rhenium compound into the counting gas. The measured beta end-point energy for the continuum decay of neutral 187Re to singly ionized 187Os of 2.70+/-0.09 keV agrees with earlier results. However, the present half-life measurement of (45+/-3) Gyr agrees within the quoted uncertainties only with the earlier measurement of Payne [Ph.D. thesis, University of Glasgow, 1965 (unpublished)] and Drever (private communication). The new half-life for the continuum decay and the total half-life of (43.5+/-1.3) Gyr, as reported by Linder et al. [Nature (London) 320, 246 (1986)] yield a branching ratio for the bound-state decay into discrete atomic states of (3+/-6)%. This is in agreement with the most recent calculated theoretical branching ratio of approximately 1%.

  18. Preliminary Heat-Transfer Measurements on a Hypersonic Glide Configuration Having 79.5 degree Sweepback and 45 degree Dihedral at a Mach Number of 4.95

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stainback, Calvin

    1960-01-01

    An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the heat-transfer characteristics of a hypersonic glide configuration having 79.5 deg of sweepback (measured in the plane of the leading edges) and 45 of dihedral. The tests were conducted at a nominal Mach number of 4.95 and a stagnation temperature of 400 F. The test-section unit Reynolds number was varied from 1.95 x 10(exp 6) to 12.24 x 10(exp 6) per foot. The results indicated that the laminar-flow heat-transfer rate to the lower surface of the model decreased as the distance from the ridge line increased except for thermocouples located near the semispan at an angle of attack of 00 with respect to the plane of the leading edges. The heat-transfer distribution (local heating rate relative to the ridge-line heating rate) was similar to the theoretical heat-transfer distribution for a two-dimensional blunt body, if the ridge line was assumed to be the stagnation line, and could be predicted by this theory provided a modified Newtonian pressure distribution was used. Except in the vicinity of the apex, the ridge-line heat-transfer rate could also be predicted from two-dimensional blunt-body heat-transfer theory provided it was assumed that the stagnation-line heat-transfer rate varied as the cosine of the effective sweep (sine of the angle of attack of the ridge line). The heat-transfer level on the lower surface and the nondimensional heat-transfer distribution around the body on the lower surface were in qualitative agreement with the results of a geometric study of highly swept delta wings with large positive dihedrals made in reference 1.

  19. Recent advances in β-decay spectroscopy at CARIBU

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mitchell, A. J.; Copp, P.; Savard, G.; Lister, C. J.; Lane, G. J.; Carpenter, M. P.; Clark, J. A.; Zhu, S.; Ayangeakaa, A. D.; Bottoni, S.; Brown, T. B.; Chowdhury, P.; Chillery, T. W.; David, H. M.; Hartley, D. J.; Heckmaier, E.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Kolos, K.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauritsen, T.; McCutchan, E. A.; Norman, E. B.; Padgett, S.; Scielzo, N. D.; Seweryniak, D.; Smith, M. L.; Wilson, G. L.

    2016-09-01

    β-decay spectroscopy of nuclei far from stability can provide powerful insight into a broad variety of topics in nuclear science, ranging from exotic nuclear structure phenomena, stellar nucleosynthesis processes, and applied topics such as quantifying "decay heat" discrepancies for advanced nuclear fuel cycles. Neutronrich nuclei approaching the drip-line are difficult to access experimentally, leaving many key examples largely under studied. The CARIBU radioactive beam facility at Argonne National Laboratory exploits spontaneous fission of 252Cf in production of such beams. The X-Array and SATURN decay station have been commissioned to perform detailed decay spectroscopy of low-energy CARIBU beams. An extended science campaign was started during 2015; with projects investigating nuclear shape changes, collective octupole vibrations, β-delayed neutron emission, and decay-scheme properties which could explain the reactor antineutrino puzzle. In this article we review the current status of the setup, update on the first results and recent hardware upgrades, and look forward to future possibilities.

  20. A search for the top and b‧ quarks in hadronic Z 0 decays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Akrawy, M. Z.; Alexander, G.; Allison, J.; Allport, P. P.; Anderson, K. J.; Armitage, J. C.; Arnison, G. T. J.; Ashton, P.; Azuelos, G.; Baines, J. T. M.; Ball, A. H.; Banks, J.; Barker, G. J.; Barlow, R. J.; Batley, J. R.; Bavaria, G.; Beard, C.; Beck, F.; Bell, K. W.; Bella, G.; Bethke, S.; Biebel, O.; Bloodworth, I. J.; Bock, P.; Boerner, H.; Breuker, H.; Brown, R. M.; Brun, R.; Buijs, A.; Burchart, H. J.; Capiluppi, P.; Carnegie, R. K.; Carter, A. A.; Carter, J. R.; Chang, C. Y.; Charlton, D. G.; Chrin, J. T. M.; Cohen, I.; Conboy, J. E.; Couch, M.; Coupland, M.; Cuffiani, M.; Dado, S.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Davies, O. W.; Deninno, M. M.; Dieckmann, A.; Dittmar, M.; Dixit, M. S.; Duchesneau, D.; Duchovni, E.; Duerdoth, I. P.; Dumas, D.; El Mamouni, H.; Elcombe, P. A.; Estabrooks, P. G.; Fabbri, F.; Farthouat, P.; Fischer, H. M.; Fong, D. G.; French, M. T.; Fukunaga, C.; Gandois, B.; Ganel, O.; Gary, J. W.; Geddes, N. I.; Gee, C. N. P.; Geich-Gimbel, C.; Gensler, S. W.; Gentit, F. X.; Giacomelli, G.; Gibson, W. R.; Gillies, J. D.; Goldberg, J.; Goodrick, M. J.; Gorn, W.; Granite, D.; Gross, E.; Grosse-Wiesmann, P.; Grunhaus, J.; Hagedorn, H.; Hagemann, J.; Hansroul, M.; Hargrove, C. K.; Hart, J.; Hattersley, P. M.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hauschild, M.; Hawkes, C. M.; Heflin, E.; Heintze, J.; Hemingway, R. J.; Heuer, R. D.; Hill, J. C.; Hillier, S. J.; Hinde, P. S.; Ho, C.; Hobbs, J. D.; Hobson, P. R.; Hochman, D.; Holl, B.; Homer, R. J.; Hou, S. R.; Howarth, C. P.; Hughes-Jones, R. E.; Igo-Kemenes, P.; Imori, M.; Imrie, D. C.; Jawahery, A.; Jeffreys, P. W.; Jeremie, H.; Jimack, M.; Jin, E.; Jobes, M.; Jones, R. W. L.; Jovanovic, P.; Karlen, D.; Kawagoe, K.; Kawamoto, T.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kennedy, B. W.; Kleinwort, C.; Klem, D. E.; Knop, G.; Kobayashi, T.; Köpke, L.; Kokott, T. P.; Koshiba, M.; Kowalewski, R.; Kreutzmann, H.; Von Krogh, J.; Kroll, J.; Kyberd, P.; Lafferty, G. D.; Lamarche, F.; Larson, W. J.; Lasota, M. M. B.; Layter, J. G.; Le Du, P.; Leblanc, P.; Lellouch, D.; Lennert, P.; Lessard, L.; Levinson, L.; Lloyd, S. L.; Loebinger, F. K.; Lorah, J. M.; Lorazo, B.; Losty, M. J.; Ludwig, J.; Lupu, N.; Ma, J.; Macbeth, A. A.; Mannelli, M.; Marcellini, S.; Maringer, G.; Martin, J. P.; Mashimo, T.; Mättig, P.; Maur, U.; McMahon, T. J.; McPherson, A. C.; Meijers, F.; Menszner, D.; Merritt, F. S.; Mes, H.; Michelini, A.; Middleton, R. P.; Mikenberg, G.; Miller, D. J.; Milstene, C.; Minowa, M.; Mohr, W.; Montanari, A.; Mori, T.; Moss, M. W.; Muller, A.; Murphy, P. G.; Murray, W. J.; Nellen, B.; Nguyen, H. H.; Nozaki, M.; O'Dowd, A. J. P.; O'Neale, S. W.; O'Neill, B.; Oakham, F. G.; Odorici, F.; Ogg, M.; Oh, H.; Oreglia, M. J.; Orito, S.; Patrick, G. N.; Pawley, S. J.; Perez, A.; Pilcher, J. E.; Pinfold, J. L.; Plane, D. E.; Poli, B.; Possoz, A.; Pouladdej, A.; Pritchard, T. W.; Quast, G.; Raab, J.; Redmond, M. W.; Rees, D. L.; Regimbald, M.; Riles, K.; Roach, C. M.; Roehner, F.; Rollnik, A.; Roney, J. M.; Rossi, A. M.; Routenburg, P.; Runge, K.; Runolfsson, O.; Sanghera, S.; Sansum, R. A.; Sasaki, M.; Saunders, B. J.; Schaile, A. D.; Schaile, O.; Schappert, W.; Scharff-Hansen, P.; Von Der Schmitt, H.; Schreiber, S.; Schwarz, J.; Shapira, A.; Shen, B. C.; Sherwood, P.; Simon, A.; Siroli, G. P.; Skuja, A.; Smith, A. M.; Smith, T. J.; Snow, G. A.; Spreadbury, E. J.; Springer, R. W.; Sproston, M.; Stephens, K.; Stier, H. E.; Ströhmer, R.; Strom, D.; Takeda, H.; Takeshita, T.; Tsukamoto, T.; Turner, M. F.; Tysarczyk, G.; Van Den Plas, D.; Vandalen, G. J.; Virtue, C. J.; Wagner, A.; Wahl, C.; Wang, H.; Ward, C. P.; Ward, D. R.; Waterhouse, J.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, N. K.; Weber, M.; Weisz, S.; Wermes, N.; Weymann, M.; Wilson, G. W.; Wilson, J. A.; Wingerter, I.; Winterer, V.-H.; Wood, N. C.; Wotton, S.; Wuensch, B.; Wyatt, T. R.; Yaari, R.; Yamashita, H.; Yang, Y.; Yekutieli, G.; Zeuner, W.; Zorn, G. T.; Zylberajch, S.; OPAL Collaboration

    1990-02-01

    We report on a search for new quarks in hadronic Z° decays. From the event shape analysis of a data sample containing 2185 multihadronic annihilation events, we observe no evidence for the top or b' quarks. We derive limits for the top and b' quark masses under the assumption of various possible standard model and non-standard model decay schemes. Our search is sensitive to quark masses larger than 23 GeV/ c2; it yields the following lower limits at a 95% confidence level: 44.5 GeV/ c2 for the top quark mass and 45.2 GeV/ c2 for the b‧ quark mass.

  1. NEANDC specialists meeting on yields and decay data of fission product nuclides

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chrien, R.E.; Burrows, T.W.

    Separate abstracts were prepared for the 29 papers presented. Workshop reports on decay heat, fission yields, beta- and gamma-ray spectroscopy, and delayed neutrons are included. An appendix contains a survey of the most recent compilations and evaluations containing fission product yield, fission product decay data, and delayed neutron yield information. (WHK)

  2. Method for utilizing decay heat from radioactive nuclear wastes

    DOEpatents

    Busey, H.M.

    1974-10-14

    Management of radioactive heat-producing waste material while safely utilizing the heat thereof is accomplished by encapsulating the wastes after a cooling period, transporting the capsules to a facility including a plurality of vertically disposed storage tubes, lowering the capsules as they arrive at the facility into the storage tubes, cooling the storage tubes by circulating a gas thereover, employing the so heated gas to obtain an economically beneficial result, and continually adding waste capsules to the facility as they arrive thereat over a substantial period of time.

  3. Observation of beat oscillation generation by coupled waves associated with parametric decay during radio frequency wave heating of a spherical tokamak plasma.

    PubMed

    Nagashima, Yoshihiko; Oosako, Takuya; Takase, Yuichi; Ejiri, Akira; Watanabe, Osamu; Kobayashi, Hiroaki; Adachi, Yuuki; Tojo, Hiroshi; Yamaguchi, Takashi; Kurashina, Hiroki; Yamada, Kotaro; An, Byung Il; Kasahara, Hiroshi; Shimpo, Fujio; Kumazawa, Ryuhei; Hayashi, Hiroyuki; Matsuzawa, Haduki; Hiratsuka, Junichi; Hanashima, Kentaro; Kakuda, Hidetoshi; Sakamoto, Takuya; Wakatsuki, Takuma

    2010-06-18

    We present an observation of beat oscillation generation by coupled modes associated with parametric decay instability (PDI) during radio frequency (rf) wave heating experiments on the Tokyo Spherical Tokamak-2. Nearly identical PDI spectra, which are characterized by the coexistence of the rf pump wave, the lower-sideband wave, and the low-frequency oscillation in the ion-cyclotron range of frequency, are observed at various locations in the edge plasma. A bispectral power analysis was used to experimentally discriminate beat oscillation from the resonant mode for the first time. The pump and lower-sideband waves have resonant mode components, while the low-frequency oscillation is exclusively excited by nonlinear coupling of the pump and lower-sideband waves. Newly discovered nonlocal transport channels in spectral space and in real space via PDI are described.

  4. The Effects of Shielded Metal Arc Welding (Smaw) Welding On The Mechanical Characteristics With Heating Treatment inn S45c Steel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Munawar; Abbas, Hammada; Yusran Aminy, Ahmad

    2018-02-01

    Steel material has been used mainly for making tooling, automotive components, other household needs, power generators to frame buildings and bridges. This study aimed (1) to analyze the mechanical Characteristics of S45C steel with and without heating treatments, and (2) to analyze the temperature of heating treatment which could result in the maximal strength of S45C steel after the welding process. The research was conducted in the laboratory of mechanical engineering study program, Departement of mechanical Engineering, Christian university of indonesia paulus, makassar. The method used materials, instruments, and the dimensions determination of specimen based on the proposed testing standard, Next, was to determine the mechanical caracteristics of the S45C steel wich had been welded and heated.The tensile specimens, the hardness specimen, the impact specimen, and microstructures of which,each of the 3 specimens was the specimens was the specimen without treatment, the spesimen with the welding wthout heating and the specimen of 150°C, 250° C, 300° C. The research results indicated that the treatment process of 150°C, 250°C and 300°C produced the changes of mechanic charateristics with the tensile strength of 42 kgf/mm2 when the temperature had reached 300°C, but at the temperature 300°C, the its toughness would decrease to Hi = 0.836 j/m2 and its hardness would increase to 40.83 at the temperature of 300°C. The value of the maximum strengs was reached at the heating temperature of 300°C for the tensile strength and the hardness, while at the temperature of 300°C its impact value would decrease.

  5. The decay widths, the decay constants, and the branching fractions of a resonant state

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de la Madrid, Rafael

    2015-08-01

    We introduce the differential and the total decay widths of a resonant (Gamow) state decaying into a continuum of stable states. When the resonance has several decay modes, we introduce the corresponding partial decay widths and branching fractions. In the approximation that the resonance is sharp, the expressions for the differential, partial and total decay widths of a resonant state bear a close resemblance with the Golden Rule. In such approximation, the branching fractions of a resonant state are the same as the standard branching fractions obtained by way of the Golden Rule. We also introduce dimensionless decay constants along with their associated differential decay constants, and we express experimentally measurable quantities such as the branching fractions and the energy distributions of decay events in terms of those dimensionless decay constants.

  6. Heat transfer performance of a pulsating heat pipe charged with acetone-based mixtures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Wenqing; Cui, Xiaoyu; Zhu, Yue

    2017-06-01

    Pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) are used as high efficiency heat exchangers, and the selection of working fluids in PHPs has a great impact on the heat transfer performance. This study investigates the thermal resistance characteristics of the PHP charged with acetone-based binary mixtures, where deionized water, methanol and ethanol were added to and mixed with acetone, respectively. The volume mixing ratios were 2:1, 4:1 and 7:1, and the heating power ranged from 10 to 100 W with filling ratios of 45, 55, 62 and 70%. At a low filling ratio (45%), the zeotropic characteristics of the binary mixtures have an influence on the heat transfer performance of the PHP. Adding water, which has a substantially different boiling point compared with that of acetone, can significantly improve the anti-dry-out ability inside the PHP. At a medium filling ratio (55%), the heat transfer performance of the PHP is affected by both phase transition characteristics and physical properties of working fluids. At high heating power, the thermal resistance of the PHP with acetone-water mixture is between that with pure acetone and pure water, whereas the thermal resistance of the PHP with acetone-methanol and acetone-ethanol mixtures at mixing ratios of 2:1 and 4:1 is less than that with the corresponding pure fluids. At high filling ratios (62 and 70%), the heat transfer performance of the PHP is mainly determined by the properties of working fluids that affects the flow resistance. Thus, the PHP with acetone-methanol and acetone-ethanol mixtures that have a lower flow resistance shows better heat transfer performance than that with acetone-water mixture.

  7. Comparison of deterministic and stochastic approaches for isotopic concentration and decay heat uncertainty quantification on elementary fission pulse

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lahaye, S.; Huynh, T. D.; Tsilanizara, A.

    2016-03-01

    Uncertainty quantification of interest outputs in nuclear fuel cycle is an important issue for nuclear safety, from nuclear facilities to long term deposits. Most of those outputs are functions of the isotopic vector density which is estimated by fuel cycle codes, such as DARWIN/PEPIN2, MENDEL, ORIGEN or FISPACT. CEA code systems DARWIN/PEPIN2 and MENDEL propagate by two different methods the uncertainty from nuclear data inputs to isotopic concentrations and decay heat. This paper shows comparisons between those two codes on a Uranium-235 thermal fission pulse. Effects of nuclear data evaluation's choice (ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.1.1 and JENDL-2011) is inspected in this paper. All results show good agreement between both codes and methods, ensuring the reliability of both approaches for a given evaluation.

  8. Two-neutron sequential decay of O 24

    DOE PAGES

    Jones, M. D.; Frank, N.; Baumann, T.; ...

    2015-11-25

    In this study, a two-neutron unbound excited state of 24O was populated through a (d,d') reaction at 83.4 MeV/nucleon. A state at E=715±110 (stat) ±45 (sys) keV with a width of Γ<2 MeV was observed above the two-neutron separation energy placing it at 7.65 ± 0.2 MeV with respect to the ground state. Three-body correlations for the decay of 24O → 22O + 2n show clear evidence for a sequential decay through an intermediate state in 23O. Neither a di-neutron nor phase-space model for the three-body breakup were able to describe these correlations.

  9. Two-neutron sequential decay of O 24

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jones, M. D.; Frank, N.; Baumann, T.

    In this study, a two-neutron unbound excited state of 24O was populated through a (d,d') reaction at 83.4 MeV/nucleon. A state at E=715±110 (stat) ±45 (sys) keV with a width of Γ<2 MeV was observed above the two-neutron separation energy placing it at 7.65 ± 0.2 MeV with respect to the ground state. Three-body correlations for the decay of 24O → 22O + 2n show clear evidence for a sequential decay through an intermediate state in 23O. Neither a di-neutron nor phase-space model for the three-body breakup were able to describe these correlations.

  10. Fourier heat conduction as a strong kinetic effect in one-dimensional hard-core gases

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, Hanqing; Wang, Wen-ge

    2018-01-01

    For a one-dimensional (1D) momentum conserving system, intensive studies have shown that generally its heat current autocorrelation function (HCAF) tends to decay in a power-law manner and results in the breakdown of the Fourier heat conduction law in the thermodynamic limit. This has been recognized to be a dominant hydrodynamic effect. Here we show that, instead, the kinetic effect can be dominant in some cases and leads to the Fourier law for finite-size systems. Usually the HCAF undergoes a fast decaying kinetic stage followed by a long slowly decaying hydrodynamic tail. In a finite range of the system size, we find that whether the system follows the Fourier law depends on whether the kinetic stage dominates. Our Rapid Communication is illustrated by the 1D hard-core gas models with which the HCAF is derived analytically and verified numerically by molecular dynamics simulations.

  11. Thermal-hydraulic simulation of natural convection decay heat removal in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) using RELAP5 and TEMPEST: Part 2, Interpretation and validation of results

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ruggles, A.E.; Morris, D.G.

    The RELAP5/MOD2 code was used to predict the thermal-hydraulic behavior of the HFIR core during decay heat removal through boiling natural circulation. The low system pressure and low mass flux values associated with boiling natural circulation are far from conditions for which RELAP5 is well exercised. Therefore, some simple hand calculations are used herein to establish the physics of the results. The interpretation and validation effort is divided between the time average flow conditions and the time varying flow conditions. The time average flow conditions are evaluated using a lumped parameter model and heat balance. The Martinelli-Nelson correlations are usedmore » to model the two-phase pressure drop and void fraction vs flow quality relationship within the core region. Systems of parallel channels are susceptible to both density wave oscillations and pressure drop oscillations. Periodic variations in the mass flux and exit flow quality of individual core channels are predicted by RELAP5. These oscillations are consistent with those observed experimentally and are of the density wave type. The impact of the time varying flow properties on local wall superheat is bounded herein. The conditions necessary for Ledinegg flow excursions are identified. These conditions do not fall within the envelope of decay heat levels relevant to HFIR in boiling natural circulation. 14 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.« less

  12. Potential cooling of an accretion-heated neutron star crust in the low-mass X-ray binary 1RXS J180408.9-342058

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Parikh, A. S.; Wijnands, R.; Degenaar, N.; Ootes, L. S.; Page, D.; Altamirano, D.; Cackett, E. M.; Deller, A. T.; Gusinskaia, N.; Hessels, J. W. T.; Homan, J.; Linares, M.; Miller, J. M.; Miller-Jones, J. C. A.

    2017-04-01

    We have monitored the transient neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 1RXS J180408.9-342058 in quiescence after its ˜4.5 month outburst in 2015. The source has been observed using Swift and XMM-Newton. Its X-ray spectra were dominated by a thermal component. The thermal evolution showed a gradual X-ray luminosity decay from ˜18 × 1032 to ˜4 × 1032 (D/5.8 kpc)2 erg s-1 between ˜8 and ˜379 d in quiescence, and the inferred neutron star surface temperature (for an observer at infinity; using a neutron star atmosphere model) decreased from ˜100 to ˜71 eV. This can be interpreted as cooling of an accretion-heated neutron star crust. Modelling the observed temperature curve (using nscool) indicated that the source required ˜1.9 MeV per accreted nucleon of shallow heating in addition to the standard deep crustal heating to explain its thermal evolution. Alternatively, the decay could also be modelled without the presence of deep crustal heating, only having a shallow heat source (again ˜1.9 MeV per accreted nucleon was required). However, the XMM-Newton data statistically required an additional power-law component. This component contributed ˜30 per cent of the total unabsorbed flux in 0.5-10 keV energy range. The physical origin of this component is unknown. One possibility is that it arises from low-level accretion. The presence of this component in the spectrum complicates our cooling crust interpretation because it might indicate that the smooth luminosity and temperature decay curves we observed may not be due to crust cooling but due to some other process.

  13. Frequency and risk indicators of tooth decay among pregnant women in France: a cross-sectional analysis.

    PubMed

    Vergnes, Jean-Noel; Kaminski, Monique; Lelong, Nathalie; Musset, Anne-Marie; Sixou, Michel; Nabet, Cathy

    2012-01-01

    Little is known on the prevalence of tooth decay among pregnant women. Better knowledge of tooth decay risk indicators during pregnancy could help to develop follow-up protocols for women at risk, along with better prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of tooth decay and the number of decayed teeth per woman in a large sample of pregnant women in France, and to study associated risk indicators. A secondary cross-sectional analysis of data from a French multicentre case-control study was performed. The sample was composed of 1094 at-term women of six maternity units. A dental examination was carried out within 2 to 4 days post-partum. Socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics were obtained through a standardised interview with the women. Medical characteristics were obtained from the women's medical records. Risk indicators associated with tooth decay were identified using a negative binomial hurdle model. 51.6% of the women had tooth decay. The mean number of decayed teeth among women having at least one was 3.1 (s.d. = 2.8). Having tooth decay was statistically associated with lower age (aOR = 1.58, 95%CI [1.03,2.45]), lower educational level (aOR = 1.53, 95%CI [1.06,2.23]) and dental plaque (aOR = 1.75, 95%CI [1.27,2.41]). The number of decayed teeth was associated with the same risk indicators and with non-French nationality and inadequate prenatal care. The frequency of tooth decay and the number of decayed teeth among pregnant women were high. Oral health promotion programmes must continue to inform women and care providers about the importance of dental care before, during and after pregnancy. Future research should also assess the effectiveness of public policies related to oral health in target populations of pregnant women facing challenging social or economic situations.

  14. Study of the $$\\beta $$ Decay of Fission Products with the DTAS Detector

    DOE PAGES

    Guadilla, V.; Algora, A.; Tain, J. L.; ...

    2017-01-01

    Total Absorption Spectroscopy measurements of the β decay of 103Mo and 103Tc, important contributors to the decay heat summation calculation in reactors, are reported in this work. Furthermore, the analysis of the experiment, performed at IGISOL with the new DTAS detector, show new β intensity that was not detected in previous measurements with Ge detectors.

  15. A Systems Biology Approach to Heat Stress, Heat Injury and Heat Stroke

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-01-01

    Winkler et al., “Computational lipidology: predicting lipoprotein density profiles in human blood plasma,” PLoS Comput Biol, 4(5), e1000079 (2008). [74...other organs at high risk for injury, such as liver and kidney [24, 25]. 2.1 Utility of the computational model Molecular indicators of heat...induced heart injury had a large shift in relative abundance of proteins with high supersaturation scores, suggesting increased abundance of

  16. Interplay between Heat Shock Proteins HSP101 and HSA32 Prolongs Heat Acclimation Memory Posttranscriptionally in Arabidopsis1[W][OA

    PubMed Central

    Wu, Ting-ying; Juan, Yu-ting; Hsu, Yang-hsin; Wu, Sze-hsien; Liao, Hsiu-ting; Fung, Raymond W.M.; Charng, Yee-yung

    2013-01-01

    Heat acclimation improves the tolerance of organisms to severe heat stress. Our previous work showed that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the “memory” of heat acclimation treatment decayed faster in the absence of the heat-stress-associated 32-kD protein HSA32, a heat-induced protein predominantly found in plants. The HSA32 null mutant attains normal short-term acquired thermotolerance but is defective in long-term acquired thermotolerance. To further explore this phenomenon, we isolated Arabidopsis defective in long-term acquired thermotolerance (dlt) mutants using a forward genetic screen. Two recessive missense alleles, dlt1-1 and dlt1-2, encode the molecular chaperone heat shock protein101 (HSP101). Results of immunoblot analyses suggest that HSP101 enhances the translation of HSA32 during recovery after heat treatment, and in turn, HSA32 retards the decay of HSP101. The dlt1-1 mutation has little effect on HSP101 chaperone activity and thermotolerance function but compromises the regulation of HSA32. In contrast, dlt1-2 impairs the chaperone activity and thermotolerance function of HSP101 but not the regulation of HSA32. These results suggest that HSP101 has a dual function, which could be decoupled by the mutations. Pulse-chase analysis showed that HSP101 degraded faster in the absence of HSA32. The autophagic proteolysis inhibitor E-64d, but not the proteasome inhibitor MG132, inhibited the degradation of HSP101. Ectopic expression of HSA32 confirmed its effect on the decay of HSP101 at the posttranscriptional level and showed that HSA32 was not sufficient to confer long-term acquired thermotolerance when the HSP101 level was low. Taken together, we propose that a positive feedback loop between HSP101 and HSA32 at the protein level is a novel mechanism for prolonging the memory of heat acclimation. PMID:23439916

  17. Effect of resiniferatoxin on the noxious heat threshold temperature in the rat: a novel heat allodynia model sensitive to analgesics

    PubMed Central

    Almási, Róbert; Pethö, Gábor; Bölcskei, Kata; Szolcsányi, János

    2003-01-01

    An increasing-temperature hot plate (ITHP) was introduced to measure the noxious heat threshold (45.3±0.3°C) of unrestrained rats, which was reproducible upon repeated determinations at intervals of 5 or 30 min or 1 day. Morphine, diclofenac and paracetamol caused an elevation of the noxious heat threshold following i.p. pretreatment, the minimum effective doses being 3, 10 and 200 mg kg−1, respectively. Unilateral intraplantar injection of the VR1 receptor agonist resiniferatoxin (RTX, 0.048 nmol) induced a profound drop of heat threshold to the innocuous range with a maximal effect (8–10°C drop) 5 min after RTX administration. This heat allodynia was inhibited by pretreatment with morphine, diclofenac and paracetamol, the minimum effective doses being 1, 1 and 100 mg kg−1 i.p., respectively. The long-term sensory desensitizing effect of RTX was examined by bilateral intraplantar injection (0.048 nmol per paw) which produced, after an initial threshold drop, an elevation (up to 2.9±0.5°C) of heat threshold lasting for 5 days. The VR1 receptor antagonist iodo-resiniferatoxin (I-RTX, 0.05 nmol intraplantarly) inhibited by 51% the heat threshold-lowering effect of intraplantar RTX but not α,β-methylene-ATP (0.3 μmol per paw). I-RTX (0.1 or 1 nmol per paw) failed to alter the heat threshold either acutely (5–60 min) or on the long-term (5 days). The heat threshold of VR1 receptor knockout mice was not different from that of wild-type animals (45.6±0.5 vs 45.2±0.4°C). In conclusion, the RTX-induced drop of heat threshold measured by the ITHP is a novel heat allodynia model exhibiting a high sensitivity to analgesics. PMID:12746222

  18. Heat-Powered Pump for Liquid Metals

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Campana, R. J.

    1986-01-01

    Proposed thermoelectromagnetic pump for liquid metal powered by waste heat; needs no battery, generator, or other external energy source. Pump turns part of heat in liquid metal into pumping energy. In combination with primary pump or on its own, thermoelectric pump circulates coolant between reactor and radiator. As long as there is decay heat to be removed, unit performs function.

  19. Heat-flow properties of systems with alternate masses or alternate on-site potentials.

    PubMed

    Pereira, Emmanuel; Santana, Leonardo M; Ávila, Ricardo

    2011-07-01

    We address a central issue of phononics: the search of properties or mechanisms to manage the heat flow in reliable materials. We analytically study standard and simple systems modeling the heat flow in solids, namely, the harmonic, self-consistent harmonic and also anharmonic chains of oscillators, and we show an interesting insulating effect: While in the homogeneous models the heat flow decays as the inverse of the particle mass, in the chain with alternate masses it decays as the inverse of the square of the mass difference, that is, it decays essentially as the mass ratio (between the smaller and the larger one) for a large mass difference. A similar effect holds if we alternate on-site potentials instead of particle masses. The existence of such behavior in these different systems, including anharmonic models, indicates that it is a ubiquitous phenomenon with applications in the heat flow control.

  20. Inference of the ring current ion composition by means of charge exchange decay

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Smith, P. H.; Hoffman, R. A.; Bewtra, N. K.

    1981-01-01

    The analysis of data from the Explorer 45 (S3-A) electrostatic analyzer in the energy range 5-30 keV has provided some new results on the ring current ion composition. It has been well established that the storm time ring current has a decay time of several days, during which the particle fluxes decrease nearly monotonically. By analyzing the measured ion fluxes during the several day storm recovery period and assuming that beside hydrogen other ions were present and that the decays were exponential in nature, three separate lifetimes for the ions were established. These fitted decay lifetimes are in excellent agreement with the expected charge exchange decay lifetimes for H(+), O(+) and He(+) in the energy and L value range of the data.

  1. Decay heat power of spent nuclear fuel of power reactors with high burnup at long-term storage

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ternovykh, Mikhail; Tikhomirov, Georgy; Saldikov, Ivan; Gerasimov, Alexander

    2017-09-01

    Decay heat power of actinides and fission products from spent nuclear fuel of power VVER-1000 type reactors at long-term storage is calculated. Two modes of storage are considered: mode in which single portion of actinides or fission products is loaded in storage facility, and mode in which actinides or fission products from spent fuel of one VVER reactor are added every year in storage facility during 30 years and then accumulated nuclides are stored without addition new nuclides. Two values of fuel burnup 40 and 70 MW·d/kg are considered for the mode of storage of single fuel unloading. For the mode of accumulation of spent fuel with subsequent storage, one value of burnup of 70 MW·d/kg is considered. Very long time of storage 105 years accepted in calculations allows to simulate final geological disposal of radioactive wastes. Heat power of fission products decreases quickly after 50-100 years of storage. The power of actinides decreases very slow. In passing from 40 to 70 MW·d/kg, power of actinides increases due to accumulation of higher fraction of 244Cm. These data are important in the back end of fuel cycle when improved cooling system of the storage facility will be required along with stronger radiation protection during storage, transportation and processing.

  2. Charts Depicting Kinematic and Heating Parameters for a Ballistic Reentry at Speeds of 26,000 to 45,000 Feet Per Second

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lovelace, Uriel M.

    1961-01-01

    Reentry trajectories, including computations of convective and radiative stagnation-point heat transfer, have been calculated by using equations for a point-mass reentry vehicle entering the atmosphere of a rotating, oblate earth. Velocity was varied from 26,000 to 45,000 feet per second; reentry angle, from the skip limit to -20 deg; ballistic drag parameter, from 50 to 200. Initial altitude was 400,000 feet. Explicit results are presented in charts which were computed for an initial latitude of 38 deg N and an azimuth of 90 deg from north. A method is presented whereby these results may be made valid for a range of initial latitude and azimuth angles.

  3. Detection and Assessment of Wood Decay in Glulam Beams Using a Decay Rate Approach: A Review

    Treesearch

    C. Adam Senalik

    2013-01-01

    A glulam beam is subjected to X-ray computer tomography and acousto-ultrasonic measurements to detect and assess wood decay. A glulam beam without visible indications of wood decay was taken from field use. A modified impulse-echo technique is employed as an inspection method requiring access to only one side of the beam. It is observed that decay-rate analysis of the...

  4. A calculation model to half-life estimate of two-proton radioactive decay process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tavares, O. A. P.; Medeiros, E. L.

    2018-04-01

    Partial half-life of the radioactive decay by the two-proton emission mode has been estimated for proton-rich nuclei of mass number 18 < A < 68 by a model based on the quantum mechanical tunneling mechanism through a potential barrier. The Coulomb, centrifugal and overlapping contributions to the barrier have been considered within the spherical nucleus approximation. The present calculation method has been shown to be adequate in reproducing the existing experimental half-life data for 19Mg, 45Fe, 48Ni, and 54Zn 2p-emitter nuclides within a factor six. For 67Kr parent nucleus the calculated partial 2p-decay half-life has been found to be ten times greater than the recent, unique measured value at RIKEN Nishina Center. Prediction for new, yet unmeasured cases of two-proton radioactivity are also reported.

  5. HAGRID/ VANDLE spectroscopy of Rb decays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    King, Thomas; Grzywacz, Robert; Taylor, Steven; Paulauskas, Stanley; Smith, Karl; Vandle Collaboration

    2017-09-01

    Many neutron-rich isotopes that contribute in both decay heat production and r-process nucleosynthesis have substantial beta-delayed neutron branching ratios. Beta-delayed neutron emission is a relatively complicated mechanism which can leave the daughter in an gamma-emitting excited state. A comprehensive understanding of their energy output and decay strength, S_beta, therefore requires the detection of both neutrons and gamma rays in coincidence. A series of measurements of delayed neutron precursors were performed at the On-Line Test Facility (OLTF) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratories using chemically selective ion sources and an enhanced VANDLE array. The main goal of this experiment was to revisit the decays of IAEA-marked priority precursors, including bromine, rubidium, cesium, and iodine, that are required to model the global properties in the fission of 238U.The unique data set, with neutron and gamma ray coincidences, benefited from the addition of a high-efficiency gamma-ray array, consisting of 16 LaBr3 crystals (HAGRiD), and a set of large volume NaI detectors to the VANDLE array. Characterization of and preliminary results from the new gamma-ray array for the decays of 94Rb and 97Rb will be presented. National Nuclear Security Administration under the Stewardship Science Academic Alliances program through DOE Award No. DE-NA0002132 and the Office of Nuclear Physics, U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-FG02-96ER40983.

  6. Measurement of inclusive radiative B-meson decay B decaying to X(S) meson-gamma

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ozcan, Veysi Erkcan

    Radiative decays of the B meson, B→ Xsgamma, proceed via virtual flavor changing neutral current processes that are sensitive to contributions from high mass scales, either within the Standard Model of electroweak interactions or beyond. In the Standard Model, these transitions are sensitive to the weak interactions of the top quark, and relatively robust predictions of the inclusive decay rate exist. Significant deviation from these predictions could be interpreted as indications for processes not included in the minimal Standard Model, like interactions of charged Higgs or SUSY particles. The analysis of the inclusive photon spectrum from B→ Xsgamma decays is rather challenging due to high backgrounds from photons emitted in the decay of mesons in B decays as well as e+e- annihilation to low mass quark and lepton pairs. Based on 88.5 million BB events collected by the BABAR detector, the photon spectrum above 1.9 GeV is presented. By comparison of the first and second moments of the photon spectrum with QCD predictions (calculated in the kinetic scheme), QCD parameters describing the bound state of the b quark in the B meson are extracted: mb=4.45+/-0.16 GeV/c2m2 p=0.65+/-0.29 GeV2 These parameters are useful input to non-perturbative QCD corrections to the semileptonic B decay rate and the determination of the CKM parameter Vub. Based on these parameters and heavy quark expansion, the full branching fraction is obtained as: BRB→X sgEg >1.6GeV=4.050.32 stat+/-0.38syst +/-0.29model x10-4. This result is in good agreement with previous measurements, the statistical and systematic errors are comparable. It is also in good agreement with the theoretical Standard Model predictions, and thus within the present errors there is no indication of any interactions not accounted for in the Standard Model. This finding implies strong constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model.

  7. Experimental and numerical simulation of passive decay heat removal by sump cooling after cool melt down

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Knebel, J.U.; Kuhn, D.; Mueller, U.

    1997-12-01

    This article presents the basic physical phenomena and scaling criteria of passive decay heat removal from a large coolant pool by single-phase and two-phase natural circulation. The physical significance of the dimensionless similarity groups derived is evaluated. The above results are applied to the SUCO program that is performed at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. The SUCO program is a three-step series of scaled model experiments investigating the possibility of a sump cooling concept for future light water reactors. The sump cooling concept is based on passive safety features within the containment. The work is supported by the German utilities and themore » Siemens AG. The article gives results of temperature and velocity measurements in the 1:20 linearly scaled SUCOS-2D test facility. The experiments are backed up by numerical calculations using the commercial software package Fluent. Finally, using the similarity analysis from above, the experimental results of the model geometry are scaled-up to the conditions in the prototype, allowing a first statement with regard to the feasibility of the sump cooling concept. 11 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.« less

  8. Measurement of the radiative decay of polarized muons in the MEG experiment

    DOE PAGES

    Baldini, A. M.; Bao, Y.; Baracchini, E.; ...

    2016-02-29

    Here, we studied the radiative muon decay μ + → e +νν¯γ by using for the first time an almost fully polarized muon source. We identified a large sample (~13,000) of these decays in a total sample of 1.8×10 14 positive muon decays collected in the MEG experiment in the years 2009–2010 and measured the branching ratio B(μ → eνν¯γ)=(6.03 ± 0.14(stat.) ± 0.53(sys.))×10 –8 for E e > 45 MeV and E γ > 40 MeV, consistent with the Standard Model prediction. The precise measurement of this decay mode provides a basic tool for the timing calibration, a normalizationmore » channel, and a strong quality check of the complete MEG experiment in the search for μ+→e+γ process.« less

  9. Control of reactor coolant flow path during reactor decay heat removal

    DOEpatents

    Hunsbedt, Anstein N.

    1988-01-01

    An improved reactor vessel auxiliary cooling system for a sodium cooled nuclear reactor is disclosed. The sodium cooled nuclear reactor is of the type having a reactor vessel liner separating the reactor hot pool on the upstream side of an intermediate heat exchanger and the reactor cold pool on the downstream side of the intermediate heat exchanger. The improvement includes a flow path across the reactor vessel liner flow gap which dissipates core heat across the reactor vessel and containment vessel responsive to a casualty including the loss of normal heat removal paths and associated shutdown of the main coolant liquid sodium pumps. In normal operation, the reactor vessel cold pool is inlet to the suction side of coolant liquid sodium pumps, these pumps being of the electromagnetic variety. The pumps discharge through the core into the reactor hot pool and then through an intermediate heat exchanger where the heat generated in the reactor core is discharged. Upon outlet from the heat exchanger, the sodium is returned to the reactor cold pool. The improvement includes placing a jet pump across the reactor vessel liner flow gap, pumping a small flow of liquid sodium from the lower pressure cold pool into the hot pool. The jet pump has a small high pressure driving stream diverted from the high pressure side of the reactor pumps. During normal operation, the jet pumps supplement the normal reactor pressure differential from the lower pressure cold pool to the hot pool. Upon the occurrence of a casualty involving loss of coolant pump pressure, and immediate cooling circuit is established by the back flow of sodium through the jet pumps from the reactor vessel hot pool to the reactor vessel cold pool. The cooling circuit includes flow into the reactor vessel liner flow gap immediate the reactor vessel wall and containment vessel where optimum and immediate discharge of residual reactor heat occurs.

  10. Complete ? -decay pattern for the high-priority decay-heat isotopes I 137 and Xe 137 determined using total absorption spectroscopy

    DOE PAGES

    Rasco, B. C.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Fijalkowska, A.; ...

    2017-05-31

    We measured the complete -decay intensities of 137I and 137Xe with the Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We describe a novel technique for measuring the -delayed neutron energy spectrum, which also provides a measurement of the -neutron branching ratio, P n.

  11. Modeling and Analysis of Alternative Concept of ITER Vacuum Vessel Primary Heat Transfer System

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Carbajo, Juan J; Yoder Jr, Graydon L; Dell'Orco, Giovanni

    2010-01-01

    A RELAP5-3D model of the ITER (Latin for the way ) vacuum vessel (VV) primary heat transfer system has been developed to evaluate a proposed design change that relocates the heat exchangers (HXs) from the exterior of the tokamak building to the interior. This alternative design protects the HXs from external hazards such as wind, tornado, and aircraft crash. The proposed design integrates the VV HXs into a VV pressure suppression system (VVPSS) tank that contains water to condense vapour in case of a leak into the plasma chamber. The proposal is to also use this water as the ultimatemore » sink when removing decay heat from the VV system. The RELAP5-3D model has been run under normal operating and abnormal (decay heat) conditions. Results indicate that this alternative design is feasible, with no effects on the VVPSS tank under normal operation and with tank temperature and pressure increasing under decay heat conditions resulting in a requirement to remove steam generated if the VVPSS tank low pressure must be maintained.« less

  12. A dispersive treatment of decays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stoffer, Peter; Colangelo, Gilberto; Passemar, Emilie

    2017-01-01

    decays have several features of interest: they allow an accurate measurement of ππ-scattering lengths; the decay is the best source for the determination of some low-energy constants of chiral perturbation theory (χPT) one form factor of the decay is connected to the chiral anomaly. We present the results of our dispersive analysis of decays, which provides a resummation of ππ- and Kπ-rescattering effects. The free parameters of the dispersion relation are fitted to the data of the high-statistics experiments E865 and NA48/2. By matching to χPT at NLO and NNLO, we determine the low-energy constants and . In contrast to a pure chiral treatment, the dispersion relation describes the observed curvature of one of the form factors, which we understand as an effect of rescattering beyond NNLO.

  13. Electron Heating in a Relativistic, Weibel-unstable Plasma

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kumar, Rahul; Eichler, David; Gedalin, Michael

    2015-06-01

    The dynamics of two initially unmagnetized relativistic counter-streaming homogeneous ion-electron plasma beams are simulated in two dimensions (2D) using the particle-in-cell (PIC) method. It is shown that current filaments, which form due to the Weibel instability, develop a large-scale longitudinal electric field in the direction opposite to the current carried by the filaments as predicted by theory. This field, which is partially inductive and partially electrostatic, is identified as the main source of net electron acceleration, greatly exceeding that due to magnetic field decay at later stages. The transverse electric field, although larger than the longitudinal field, is shown to play a smaller role in heating electrons, contrary to previous claims. It is found that in one dimension, the electrons become strongly magnetized and are not accelerated beyond their initial kinetic energy. Rather, the heating of the electrons is enhanced by the bending and break up of the filaments, which releases electrons that would otherwise be trapped within a single filament and slow the development of the Weibel instability (i.e., the magnetic field growth) via induction as per Lenz’s law. In 2D simulations, electrons are heated to about one quarter of the initial kinetic energy of ions. The magnetic energy at maximum is about 4%, decaying to less than 1% by the end of the simulation. The ions are found to gradually decelerate until the end of the simulation, by which time they retain a residual anisotropy of less than 10%.

  14. Turbulent Heat-Transfer Coefficients in the Vicinity of Surface Protuberances

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wisniewski, Richard J.

    1958-01-01

    Local turbulent heating rates were obtained in the vicinity of surface protuberances mounted on the cylinder section of a cone cylinder model at a Mach number of 3.12. Data were obtained at Reynolds number per foot of 4.5 and 6 million for an unswept cylinder, a 45 deg swept cylinder, a 45 deg elbow, and several 90 deg elbows. The unswept cylinder and the 90 deg elbows increased the local turbulent heating rates in the vicinity of the surface protuberances. The data of the 45 deg swept cylinder and the 45 deg elbow resulted in heating rates lower than those observed without surface protuberances. In general, sweeping a surface protuberance resulted in heating rates comparable or lower than those measured without surface protuberances.

  15. Weak decays of doubly heavy baryons: multi-body decay channels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shi, Yu-Ji; Wang, Wei; Xing, Ye; Xu, Ji

    2018-01-01

    The newly-discovered Ξ _{cc}^{++} decays into the Λ c^+ K^-π ^+π ^+, but the experimental data has indicated that this decay is not saturated by any two-body intermediate state. In this work, we analyze the multi-body weak decays of doubly heavy baryons Ξ _{cc}, Ω _{cc}, Ξ _{bc}, Ω _{bc}, Ξ _{bb} and Ω _{bb}, in particular the three-body nonleptonic decays and four-body semileptonic decays. We classify various decay modes according to the quark-level transitions and present an estimate of the typical branching fractions for a few golden decay channels. Decay amplitudes are then parametrized in terms of a few SU(3) irreducible amplitudes. With these amplitudes, we find a number of relations for decay widths, which can be examined in future.

  16. Link between von-Karman energy decay and reconnection heating in turbulent plasmas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shay, M. A.; Parashar, T.; Haggerty, C. C.; Matthaeus, W. H.; Phan, T.; Drake, J. F.; Cassak, P.; Wu, P.

    2016-12-01

    Coherent structures such as current sheets are prevalent in many turbulent plasmas and have been shown to be correlated with dissipation and heating in observations of solar wind turbulence and dissipation in kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. However, the role that they play in the dissipation of turbulent energy and ultimately the heating of the plasma are still not well understood. A recent study [1] using kinetic PIC simulations of turbulence found that the total heating in the plasma is consistent with a von-Karman scaling of the cascade rate, and that the proton to electron heating ratio was proportional to the total heating rate and linked to the ratio of gyroperiod to nonlinear turnover time at the ion kinetic scales. We review recent findings regarding the rate of heating in outflow jets during laminar reconnection and apply it to kinetic PIC simulations of turbulence, employing some reasonable assumptions to connect the two theories. The goal is to determine if reconnection is a primary heating mechanism or plays less of a role. Conversely, we also apply the new understanding of the von-Karman cascade to isolated reconnection events to determine if a cascade-like process is controlling the heating rate. [1] W. Matthaeus et al., ApJ Letters, 827, L7, 2016, doi:10.3847/2041-8205/827/1/L7

  17. The Distribution of Heat-Producing Radioactive Elements in the Deep Earth

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chidester, Bethany A.

    The Earth is a heat engine, where large differences in temperature between the interior and the surface drive large-scale movement that manifests as plate tectonics and the geomagnetic field that protects us from the Sun's harmful charged particles. Decay of the long-lived radioactive elements U, Th, and K is expected to contribute as much as 45% of the current heat production in the Earth, and that heat production was five times higher early in Earth's history. It is unclear how this heat source affects the thermal and dynamic evolution of the Earth's core and mantle and how that contribution has changed over geologic time. This dissertation addresses this problem in several different ways. This work represents the first high-pressure, high-temperature metal-silicate partitioning experiments for U, Th, and K in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell at conditions relevant to core formation. A chemical model is developed using parameterization of these partitioning data to constrain the concentrations of each of these elements in the core. Using a numerical calculation, it is then determined how that radioactive heat would contribute to the core's energy and entropy budget through time. One finds that, despite its strong lithophile nature at the surface, U partitions significantly into the metallic phase at increasing temperatures. This may be due to a decrease in U valence from 4+ to 2+ in high-pressure silicate melts, which our data supports. However, K and Th do not exhibit a similar change in behavior at these conditions, and this may drive fractionation between U and Th in the deep mantle. At the most extreme conditions of core formation, enough U could exist in the core to produce up to 4.4 TW of heat 4.5 billion years ago. Potassium could produce much less heat than U early on (< 1 TW), and due to its short half-life, would have decayed away much faster. While this energy source is significantly greater than was previously thought to be possible, it is likely

  18. Production of α-particle emitting 211At using 45 MeV α-beam

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Gyehong; Chun, Kwonsoo; Park, Sung Ho; Kim, Byungil

    2014-06-01

    Among the α-particle emitting radionuclides, 211At is considered to be a promising radionuclide for targeted cancer therapy due to its decay properties. The range of alpha particles produced by the decay of 211At are less than 70 µm in water with a linear energy transfer between 100 and 130 keV µm-1, which are about the maximum relative biological effectiveness for heavy ions. It is important to note that at the present time, only a few of cyclotrons routinely produce 211At. The direct production method is based on the nuclear reactions 209Bi(α,2n)211At. Production of the radionuclide 211At was carried out using the MC-50 cyclotron at the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS). To ensure high beam current, the α-beam was extracted with an initial energy of 45 MeV, which was degraded to obtain the appropriate α-beam energy. The calculations of beam energy degradation were performed utilizing the MCNPX. Alumina-baked targets were prepared by heating the bismuth metal powder onto a circular cavity in a furnace. When using an Eα, av of 29.17 MeV, the very small contribution of 210At confirms the right choice of the irradiation energy to obtain a pure production of 211At isotope.

  19. Local energy decay for linear wave equations with variable coefficients

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ikehata, Ryo

    2005-06-01

    A uniform local energy decay result is derived to the linear wave equation with spatial variable coefficients. We deal with this equation in an exterior domain with a star-shaped complement. Our advantage is that we do not assume any compactness of the support on the initial data, and its proof is quite simple. This generalizes a previous famous result due to Morawetz [The decay of solutions of the exterior initial-boundary value problem for the wave equation, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 14 (1961) 561-568]. In order to prove local energy decay, we mainly apply two types of ideas due to Ikehata-Matsuyama [L2-behaviour of solutions to the linear heat and wave equations in exterior domains, Sci. Math. Japon. 55 (2002) 33-42] and Todorova-Yordanov [Critical exponent for a nonlinear wave equation with damping, J. Differential Equations 174 (2001) 464-489].

  20. The effect of particle size on the heat affected zone during laser cladding of Ni-Cr-Si-B alloy on C45 carbon steel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tanigawa, Daichi; Abe, Nobuyuki; Tsukamoto, Masahiro; Hayashi, Yoshihiko; Yamazaki, Hiroyuki; Tatsumi, Yoshihiro; Yoneyama, Mikio

    2018-02-01

    Laser cladding is one of the most useful surface coating methods for improving the wear and corrosion resistance of material surfaces. Although the heat input associated with laser cladding is small, a heat affected zone (HAZ) is still generated within the substrate because this is a thermal process. In order to reduce the area of the HAZ, the heat input must therefore be reduced. In the present study, we examined the effects of the powdered raw material particle size on the heat input and the extent of the HAZ during powder bed laser cladding. Ni-Cr-Si-B alloy layers were produced on C45 carbon steel substrates in conjunction with alloy powders having average particle sizes of 30, 40 and 55 μm, while measuring the HAZ area by optical microscopy. The heat input required for layer formation was found to decrease as smaller particles were used, such that the HAZ area was also reduced.

  1. The A=96 system in ββ decay

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Alanssari, M.

    2015-10-28

    Properties of the single and double beta decays of {sup 96}Zr are discussed. It is argued that the single beta decay can provide important information to the neutrinoless variant of β β decay, as it provides a test of theories aimed at calculating the nuclear matrix elements (NME) for both decays. An experimental extraction of the NME for the single β decay requires a measurement of the decay Q-value and half-life. It is shown that the present Q-value of the {sup 96}Zr single β decay is insufficiently well known and requires a re-measurement, preferentially using high-precision ion traps. We alsomore » describe the geochemical method to determine the total half-life of {sup 96}Zr, from which to set a limit on the single β -decay half-life at a level of ≈15 × 10{sup 19}yr. Further, the geochemical analysis will allow setting a limit on a rather exotic quadruple β decay of {sup 96}Zr.« less

  2. [Development of a screening scale for children at risk of baby bottle tooth decay].

    PubMed

    Khadra-Eid, J; Baudet, D; Fourny, M; Sellier, E; Brun, C; François, P

    2012-03-01

    Baby bottle tooth decay is a severe form of early childhood caries. This study aims to elaborate a screening tool for at risk children in order to facilitate primary prevention. A case-control study was conducted among children suffering from baby bottle tooth decay and children with no dental caries. Cases were children aged 5 years or less at diagnosis who experienced at least four caries with one or more affecting maxillary incisors. Controls were children matched for age and sex. Parents were interviewed by phone about their child's exposure to potential risk factors. We included 88 children suffering from baby bottle tooth decay and 88 children with no dental caries. In multivariate analysis, low social class (OR 6.39 [95% CI, 1.45-28.11]), prolonged bottle feeding or bedtime feeding (OR 153.2 [95% CI, 11.77-1994.96]), and snacking (OR 5.94 [95% CI, 1.35-26.2]) were significantly associated with baby bottle tooth decay. Regular dental visits were a significant protecting factor (OR 0.13 [95% CI, 0.02-0.77]). A score was developed using these significant risk factors and tested on the survey population. The mean score was 13/20 for cases and 4/20 for controls. These results are in accordance with the literature, except for brushing teeth, which was not significantly associated with baby bottle tooth decay in our study. A screening scale with a score of 20 points was proposed. Future validation is required. Pediatricians and general practitioners should encourage parents to change their habits. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  3. Thermophoretically induced large-scale deformations around microscopic heat centers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Puljiz, Mate; Orlishausen, Michael; Köhler, Werner; Menzel, Andreas M.

    2016-05-01

    Selectively heating a microscopic colloidal particle embedded in a soft elastic matrix is a situation of high practical relevance. For instance, during hyperthermic cancer treatment, cell tissue surrounding heated magnetic colloidal particles is destroyed. Experiments on soft elastic polymeric matrices suggest a very long-ranged, non-decaying radial component of the thermophoretically induced displacement fields around the microscopic heat centers. We theoretically confirm this conjecture using a macroscopic hydrodynamic two-fluid description. Both thermophoretic and elastic effects are included in this theory. Indeed, we find that the elasticity of the environment can cause the experimentally observed large-scale radial displacements in the embedding matrix. Additional experiments confirm the central role of elasticity. Finally, a linearly decaying radial component of the displacement field in the experiments is attributed to the finite size of the experimental sample. Similar results are obtained from our theoretical analysis under modified boundary conditions.

  4. Parametric decay instability near the upper hybrid resonance in magnetically confined fusion plasmas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hansen, S. K.; Nielsen, S. K.; Salewski, M.; Stejner, M.; Stober, J.; the ASDEX Upgrade Team

    2017-10-01

    In this paper we investigate parametric decay of an electromagnetic pump wave into two electrostatic daughter waves, particularly an X-mode pump wave decaying into a warm upper hybrid wave (a limit of an electron Bernstein wave) and a warm lower hybrid wave. We describe the general theory of the above parametric decay instability (PDI), unifying earlier treatments, and show that it may occur in underdense and weakly overdense plasmas. The PDI theory is used to explain anomalous sidebands observed in collective Thomson scattering (CTS) spectra at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. The theory may also account for similar observations during CTS experiments in stellarators, as well as in some 1st harmonic electron cyclotron resonance and O-X-B heating experiments.

  5. Observations of HF backscatter decay rates from HAARP generated FAI

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bristow, William; Hysell, David

    2016-07-01

    Suitable experiments at the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facilities in Gakona, Alaska, create a region of ionospheric Field-Aligned Irregularities (FAI) that produces strong radar backscatter observed by the SuperDARN radar on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Creation of FAI in HF ionospheric modification experiments has been studied by a number of authors who have developed a rich theoretical background. The decay of the irregularities, however, has not been so widely studied yet it has the potential for providing estimates of the parameters of natural irregularity diffusion, which are difficult measure by other means. Hysell, et al. [1996] demonstrated using the decay of radar scatter above the Sura heating facility to estimate irregularity diffusion. A large database of radar backscatter from HAARP generated FAI has been collected over the years. Experiments often cycled the heater power on and off in a way that allowed estimates of the FAI decay rate. The database has been examined to extract decay time estimates and diffusion rates over a range of ionospheric conditions. This presentation will summarize the database and the estimated diffusion rates, and will discuss the potential for targeted experiments for aeronomy measurements. Hysell, D. L., M. C. Kelley, Y. M. Yampolski, V. S. Beley, A. V. Koloskov, P. V. Ponomarenko, and O. F. Tyrnov, HF radar observations of decaying artificial field aligned irregularities, J. Geophys. Res. , 101, 26,981, 1996.

  6. Observations of HF backscatter decay rates from HAARP generated FAI

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bristow, W. A.; Hysell, D. L.

    2016-12-01

    Suitable experiments at the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facilities in Gakona, Alaska, create a region of ionospheric Field-Aligned Irregularities (FAI) that produces strong radar backscatter observed by the SuperDARN radar on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Creation of FAI in HF ionospheric modification experiments has been studied by a number of authors who have developed a rich theoretical background. The decay of the irregularities, however, has not been so widely studied yet it has the potential for providing estimates of the parameters of natural irregularity diffusion, which are difficult measure by other means. Hysell, et al. [1996] demonstrated using the decay of radar scatter above the Sura heating facility to estimate irregularity diffusion. A large database of radar backscatter from HAARP generated FAI has been collected over the years. Experiments often cycled the heater power on and off in a way that allowed estimates of the FAI decay rate. The database has been examined to extract decay time estimates and diffusion rates over a range of ionospheric conditions. This presentation will summarize the database and the estimated diffusion rates, and will discuss the potential for targeted experiments for aeronomy measurements. Hysell, D. L., M. C. Kelley, Y. M. Yampolski, V. S. Beley, A. V. Koloskov, P. V. Ponomarenko, and O. F. Tyrnov, HF radar observations of decaying artificial field aligned irregularities, J. Geophys. Res. , 101, 26,981, 1996.

  7. Life stages of wall-bounded decay of Taylor-Couette turbulence

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ostilla-Mónico, Rodolfo; Zhu, Xiaojue; Spandan, Vamsi; Verzicco, Roberto; Lohse, Detlef

    2017-11-01

    The decay of Taylor-Couette turbulence, i.e., the flow between two coaxial and independently rotating cylinders, is numerically studied by instantaneously stopping the forcing from an initially statistically stationary flow field at a Reynolds number of Re=3.5 ×104 . The effect of wall friction is analyzed by comparing three separate cases, in which the cylinders are either suddenly made no-slip or stress-free. Different life stages are observed during the decay. In the first stage, the decay is dominated by large-scale rolls. Counterintuitively, when these rolls fade away, if the flow inertia is small a redistribution of energy occurs and the energy of the azimuthal velocity behaves nonmonotonically, first decreasing by almost two orders of magnitude and then increasing during the redistribution. The second stage is dominated by non-normal transient growth of perturbations in the axial (spanwise) direction. Once this mechanism is exhausted, the flow enters the final life stage, viscous decay, which is dominated by wall friction. We show that this stage can be modeled by a one-dimensional heat equation, and that self-similar velocity profiles collapse onto the theoretical solution.

  8. Beta-decay rate and beta-delayed neutron emission probability of improved gross theory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Koura, Hiroyuki

    2014-09-01

    A theoretical study has been carried out on beta-decay rate and beta-delayed neutron emission probability. The gross theory of the beta decay is based on an idea of the sum rule of the beta-decay strength function, and has succeeded in describing beta-decay half-lives of nuclei overall nuclear mass region. The gross theory includes not only the allowed transition as the Fermi and the Gamow-Teller, but also the first-forbidden transition. In this work, some improvements are introduced as the nuclear shell correction on nuclear level densities and the nuclear deformation for nuclear strength functions, those effects were not included in the original gross theory. The shell energy and the nuclear deformation for unmeasured nuclei are adopted from the KTUY nuclear mass formula, which is based on the spherical-basis method. Considering the properties of the integrated Fermi function, we can roughly categorized energy region of excited-state of a daughter nucleus into three regions: a highly-excited energy region, which fully affect a delayed neutron probability, a middle energy region, which is estimated to contribute the decay heat, and a region neighboring the ground-state, which determines the beta-decay rate. Some results will be given in the presentation. A theoretical study has been carried out on beta-decay rate and beta-delayed neutron emission probability. The gross theory of the beta decay is based on an idea of the sum rule of the beta-decay strength function, and has succeeded in describing beta-decay half-lives of nuclei overall nuclear mass region. The gross theory includes not only the allowed transition as the Fermi and the Gamow-Teller, but also the first-forbidden transition. In this work, some improvements are introduced as the nuclear shell correction on nuclear level densities and the nuclear deformation for nuclear strength functions, those effects were not included in the original gross theory. The shell energy and the nuclear deformation for

  9. Differential expression of hsp70 stress proteins in human endothelial cells exposed to heat shock and hydrogen peroxide.

    PubMed

    Jornot, L; Mirault, M E; Junod, A F

    1991-09-01

    The potential role of oxidative stress conditions in the induction of heat shock proteins was studied in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We compared the effects of temperature (43 to 45 degrees C), exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen metabolites generated by the enzyme system hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (O2- plus H2O2), as well as exposure to 95% O2, on the expression of the major 70-kD heat shock proteins (hsp70). Northern blot analysis indicated that: (1) heat shock induced a rapid and marked increase in hsp70 mRNA levels that reached a maximum during recovery from a 30-min exposure to 45 degrees C; (2) treatment with a 5-mM H2O2 bolus or 50 mU/ml xanthine oxidase also increased hsp70 mRNA levels but to a lesser extent than heat shock (about 10 and 25 times less, respectively); (3) no change was detected after a 5-day exposure to 95% O2. Nuclear run on transcription data and kinetics of mRNA decay in the presence of actinomycin D indicated that the observed increase in hsp70 mRNA levels in both heat-shocked and H2O2-treated cells was mainly due to a transcriptional induction. The kinetics of hsp70 synthesis correlated with the accumulation of hsp70 mRNA. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunologic analysis of these heat shock proteins revealed a series of at least five distinct hsp70 isoforms induced in heat-shocked cells, whereas only a specific subset of these proteins, mainly one acidic isoform, was induced in very low amounts in response to H2O2 treatment. These results clearly indicate that the endothelial cell responses to oxidative stress and heat shock differ in both qualitative and quantitative terms in respect to hsp70 induction. They also suggest that the intensity of this response to oxidative stress conditions may vary depending on the nature of the oxidative challenge.

  10. Are All Heat Loads Created Equal?

    PubMed

    Meade, Robert D; Kenny, Glen P

    2017-09-01

    We evaluated physiological responses during exercise at a fixed evaporative requirement for heat balance (Ereq) but varying combinations of metabolic and environmental heat load. Nine healthy, physically active males (age: 46 ± 8 yr) performed four experimental sessions consisting of 75 min of semirecumbent cycling at various ambient temperatures. Whole-body dry heat loss (direct calorimetry) was monitored continuously as was heat production (indirect calorimetry), which was adjusted to achieve an Ereq of 400 W. The resultant metabolic heat productions and ambient temperatures for the sessions were as follows: (i) 440 W and 30°C (440 [30]), (ii) 388 W and 35°C (388 [35]), (iii) 317 W and 40°C (317 [40]), and (iv) 258 W and 45°C (258 [45]). Whole-body evaporative heat loss was determined via direct calorimetry. Esophageal (Tes) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures as well as HR were monitored continuously. Mean body temperature (Tb) was calculated from Tes and Tsk. Physiological strain index (PSI) was determined from Tes and HR. End-exercise evaporative heat loss and Tb were similar between conditions (both P ≥ 0.48). Tes was greater in 440 [30] (37.67°C ± 0.04°C) and 388 [35] (37.58°C ± 0.07°C) relative to both 317 [40] (37.35°C ± 0.06°C) and 258 [45] (37.20°C ± 0.07°C; all P ≤ 0.05). Further, Tsk was different between each condition (440 [30], 33.85°C ± 0.16°C; 388 [35], 34.53°C ± 0.08°C; 317 [40], 35.67°C ± 0.07°C; and 258 [45], 36.54°C ± 0.08°C; all P < 0.01). In 440 [30], HR was elevated by about 13 and 18 bpm relative to 317 [40] and 258 [45], respectively (both P < 0.01). Finally, PSI was greater in both 440 [30] and 388 [35] compared with 317 [40] and 258 [45] (all P ≤ 0.04). Exercise at a fixed Ereq resulted in similar evaporative heat loss and Tb. However, the Tes, Tsk, HR, and PSI responses varied depending on the relative contribution of metabolic and environmental heat load.

  11. Impact of different thickness of the smooth heated surface on flow boiling heat transfer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Strąk, Kinga; Piasecka, Magdalena

    2018-06-01

    This paper presents a comparison of the performance of three smooth heated surfaces with different thicknesses. Analysis was carried out on an experimental setup for flow boiling heat transfer. The most important element of the setup was the test section with a rectangular minichannel, 1.7 mm deep, 16 mm wide and 180 mm long, oriented vertically. The heated element for the FC-72 Fluorinert flowing in the minichannel was designated as a Haynes-230 alloy plate (0.10 mm and 0.45 mm thick) or a Hastelloy X alloy plate (0.65 mm thick). Infrared thermography was used to measure the temperature of the outer plate surface. The local values of the heat transfer coefficient for stationary state conditions were calculated using a simple one-dimensional method. The experimental results were presented as the relationship between the heat transfer coefficients in the subcooled boiling region and the distance along the minichannel length and boiling curves. The highest local heat transfer coefficients were recorded for the surface of 0.10 mm thick heated plate at the outlet and 0.45 mm thick plate at the minichannel inlet. All boiling curves were typical in shape.

  12. Behavior of a PCM at Varying Heating Rates: Experimental and Theoretical Study with an Aim at Temperature Moderation in Radionuclide Concrete Encasements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Medved', Igor; Trník, Anton

    2018-07-01

    Phase-change materials (PCMs) can store/release thermal energy within a small temperature range. This is of interest in various industrial applications, for example, in civil engineering (heating/cooling of buildings) or cold storage applications. Another application may be the moderation of temperature increases in concrete encasements of radionuclides during their decay. The phase-change behavior of a material is determined by its heat capacity and the peak it exhibits near a phase change. We analyze the behavior of such peaks for a selected PCM at heating rates varying between 0.1°C\\cdot min^{-1} and 1°C\\cdot min^{-1}, corresponding in real situations to different decay rates of radionuclides. We show that experimentally measured peaks can be plausibly described by an equilibrium theory that enables us to calculate the latent heat and phase-change temperature from experimental data.

  13. Neutron Decay with PERC: a Progress Report

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Konrad, G.; Abele, H.; Beck, M.; Drescher, C.; Dubbers, D.; Erhart, J.; Fillunger, H.; Gösselsberger, C.; Heil, W.; Horvath, M.; Jericha, E.; Klauser, C.; Klenke, J.; Märkisch, B.; Maix, R. K.; Mest, H.; Nowak, S.; Rebrova, N.; Roick, C.; Sauerzopf, C.; Schmidt, U.; Soldner, T.; Wang, X.; Zimmer, O.; Perc Collaboration

    2012-02-01

    The PERC collaboration will perform high-precision measurements of angular correlations in neutron beta decay at the beam facility MEPHISTO of the Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz in Munich, Germany. The new beam station PERC, a clean, bright, and versatile source of neutron decay products, is designed to improve the sensitivity of neutron decay studies by one order of magnitude. The charged decay products are collected by a strong longitudinal magnetic field directly from inside a neutron guide. This combination provides the highest phase space density of decay products. A magnetic mirror serves to perform precise cuts in phase space, reducing related systematic errors. The new instrument PERC is under development by an international collaboration. The physics motivation, sensitivity, and applications of PERC as well as the status of the design and preliminary results on uncertainties in proton spectroscopy are presented in this paper.

  14. Passive shut-down heat removal system

    DOEpatents

    Hundal, Rolv; Sharbaugh, John E.

    1988-01-01

    An improved shut-down heat removal system for a liquid metal nuclear reactor of the type having a vessel for holding hot and cold pools of liquid sodium is disclosed herein. Generally, the improved system comprises a redan or barrier within the reactor vessel which allows an auxiliary heat exchanger to become immersed in liquid sodium from the hot pool whenever the reactor pump fails to generate a metal-circulating pressure differential between the hot and cold pools of sodium. This redan also defines an alternative circulation path between the hot and cold pools of sodium in order to equilibrate the distribution of the decay heat from the reactor core. The invention may take the form of a redan or barrier that circumscribes the inner wall of the reactor vessel, thereby defining an annular space therebetween. In this embodiment, the bottom of the annular space communicates with the cold pool of sodium, and the auxiliary heat exchanger is placed in this annular space just above the drawn-down level that the liquid sodium assumes during normal operating conditions. Alternatively, the redan of the invention may include a pair of vertically oriented, concentrically disposed standpipes having a piston member disposed between them that operates somewhat like a pressure-sensitive valve. In both embodiments, the cessation of the pressure differential that is normally created by the reactor pump causes the auxiliary heat exchanger to be immersed in liquid sodium from the hot pool. Additionally, the redan in both embodiments forms a circulation flow path between the hot and cold pools so that the decay heat from the nuclear core is uniformly distributed within the vessel.

  15. Heat transfer analysis of cylindrical anaerobic reactors with different sizes: a heat transfer model.

    PubMed

    Liu, Jiawei; Zhou, Xingqiu; Wu, Jiangdong; Gao, Wen; Qian, Xu

    2017-10-01

    The temperature is the essential factor that influences the efficiency of anaerobic reactors. During the operation of the anaerobic reactor, the fluctuations of ambient temperature can cause a change in the internal temperature of the reactor. Therefore, insulation and heating measures are often used to maintain anaerobic reactor's internal temperature. In this paper, a simplified heat transfer model was developed to study heat transfer between cylindrical anaerobic reactors and their surroundings. Three cylindrical reactors of different sizes were studied, and the internal relations between ambient temperature, thickness of insulation, and temperature fluctuations of the reactors were obtained at different reactor sizes. The model was calibrated by a sensitivity analysis, and the calibrated model was well able to predict reactor temperature. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient was used to assess the predictive power of heat transfer models. The Nash coefficients of the three reactors were 0.76, 0.60, and 0.45, respectively. The model can provide reference for the thermal insulation design of cylindrical anaerobic reactors.

  16. Estimation of waste component-specific landfill decay rates using laboratory-scale decomposition data.

    PubMed

    De la Cruz, Florentino B; Barlaz, Morton A

    2010-06-15

    The current methane generation model used by the U.S. EPA (Landfill Gas Emissions Model) treats municipal solid waste (MSW) as a homogeneous waste with one decay rate. However, component-specific decay rates are required to evaluate the effects of changes in waste composition on methane generation. Laboratory-scale rate constants, k(lab), for the major biodegradable MSW components were used to derive field-scale decay rates (k(field)) for each waste component using the assumption that the average of the field-scale decay rates for each waste component, weighted by its composition, is equal to the bulk MSW decay rate. For an assumed bulk MSW decay rate of 0.04 yr(-1), k(field) was estimated to be 0.298, 0.171, 0.015, 0.144, 0.033, 0.02, 0.122, and 0.029 yr(-1), for grass, leaves, branches, food waste, newsprint, corrugated containers, coated paper, and office paper, respectively. The effect of landfill waste diversion programs on methane production was explored to illustrate the use of component-specific decay rates. One hundred percent diversion of yard waste and food waste reduced the year 20 methane production rate by 45%. When a landfill gas collection schedule was introduced, collectable methane was most influenced by food waste diversion at years 10 and 20 and paper diversion at year 40.

  17. β-decay properties in the Cs decay chain

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Benzoni, G.; Lică, R.; Borge, M. J. G.; Fraile, L. M.; IDS Collaboration

    2018-02-01

    The study of the decay of neutron-rich Cs isotopes has two main objectives: on one side β decay is a perfect tool to access the low-spin structures in the daughter Ba nuclei, where the evolution of octupole deformed shapes can be followed, while, on the other hand, the study of the gross properties of these decays, in terms of decay rates and branching to delayed-neutron emission, are fundamental inputs for the modelling of the r-process in the Rare-Earth Elements peak. Results obtained at CERN-ISOLDE are discussed within this framework and compared to existing data and predictions from state-of-the-art nuclear models.

  18. A new heat flux model for the Antarctic Peninsula incorporating spatially variable upper crustal radiogenic heat production

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Burton-Johnson, A.; Halpin, J. A.; Whittaker, J. M.; Graham, F. S.; Watson, S. J.

    2017-06-01

    A new method for modeling heat flux shows that the upper crust contributes up to 70% of the Antarctic Peninsula's subglacial heat flux and that heat flux values are more variable at smaller spatial resolutions than geophysical methods can resolve. Results indicate a higher heat flux on the east and south of the Peninsula (mean 81 mW m-2) where silicic rocks predominate, than on the west and north (mean 67 mW m-2) where volcanic arc and quartzose sediments are dominant. While the data supports the contribution of heat-producing element-enriched granitic rocks to high heat flux values, sedimentary rocks can be of comparative importance dependent on their provenance and petrography. Models of subglacial heat flux must utilize a heterogeneous upper crust with variable radioactive heat production if they are to accurately predict basal conditions of the ice sheet. Our new methodology and data set facilitate improved numerical model simulations of ice sheet dynamics.Plain Language SummaryAs the climate changes, the Antarctic ice sheet represents the single largest potential source of sea level rise. However, one key parameter controlling how the ice sheet flows remains poorly constrained: the effect of <span class="hlt">heat</span> derived from the Earth's geology on the base of the ice sheet (known as subglacial <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux). Although this may not seem like <span class="hlt">a</span> lot of <span class="hlt">heat</span>, under slow-flowing ice, this "<span class="hlt">heat</span> flux" can control how well the ice sheet can flow over the rocks and even lead to melting of the ice at its base. Current models for Antarctica's <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux use geophysics to determine how thin the crust is and consequently how easily <span class="hlt">heat</span> from the Earth's mantle can warm the surface. We show here that <span class="hlt">heat</span> produced by radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> within the Earth's crust can have an even greater and much more variable contribution to the subglacial <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux than estimated by these previous models. We present <span class="hlt">a</span> new methodology allowing this crustal <span class="hlt">heat</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22733235','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22733235"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> shock treatment improves Trametes versicolor laccase production.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Feng; Guo, Chen; Wei, Tao; Zhang, Tian; Liu, Chun-Zhao</p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>An efficient <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock strategy has been developed to improve laccase production in submerged Trametes versicolor cultures. The optimized <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock strategy consists of subjecting T. versicolor mycelial pellets to three <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock treatments at <span class="hlt">45</span> °C for <span class="hlt">45</span> min, starting at culture day 0, with <span class="hlt">a</span> 24-h interval between treatments. Laccase production increased by more than 1.6-fold relative to the control in both flasks and <span class="hlt">a</span> 5-L bioreactor because the expression of the laccase gene was enhanced by <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock induction. The present work demonstrates that <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock induction is <span class="hlt">a</span> promising method because it both improves fungal laccase production and has <span class="hlt">a</span> good potential in industrial application.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25774031','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25774031"><span>Repeatability of <span class="hlt">a</span> running <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance test.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mee, Jessica A; Doust, Jo; Maxwell, Neil S</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>At present there is no standardised <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance test (HTT) procedure adopting <span class="hlt">a</span> running mode of exercise. Current HTTs may misdiagnose <span class="hlt">a</span> runner's susceptibility to <span class="hlt">a</span> hyperthermic state due to differences in exercise intensity. The current study aimed to establish the repeatability of <span class="hlt">a</span> practical running test to evaluate individual's ability to tolerate exercise <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress. Sixteen (8M, 8F) participants performed the running HTT (RHTT) (30 min, 9 km h(-1), 2% elevation) on two separate occasions in <span class="hlt">a</span> hot environment (40 °C and 40% relative humidity). There were no differences in peak rectal temperature (RHTT1: 38.82 ± 0.47 °C, RHTT2: 38.86 ± 0.49 °C, Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.93, typical error of measure (TEM) = 0.13 °C), peak skin temperature (RHTT1: 38.12 ± 0.<span class="hlt">45</span>, RHTT2: 38.11 ± 0.<span class="hlt">45</span> °C, ICC = 0.79, TEM = 0.30 °C), peak heart rate (RHTT1: 182 ± 15 beats min(-1), RHTT2: 183 ± 15 beats min(-1), ICC = 0.99, TEM = 2 beats min(-1)), nor sweat rate (1721 ± 675 g h(-1), 1716 ± 745 g h(-1), ICC = 0.95, TEM = 162 g h(-1)) between RHTT1 and RHTT2 (p>0.05). Results demonstrate good agreement, strong correlations and small differences between repeated trials, and the TEM values suggest low within-participant variability. The RHTT was effective in differentiating between individuals physiological responses; supporting <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance continuum. The findings suggest the RHTT is <span class="hlt">a</span> repeatable measure of physiological strain in the <span class="hlt">heat</span> and may be used to assess the effectiveness of acute and chronic <span class="hlt">heat</span> alleviating procedures. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.199....1C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.199....1C"><span>Metal-silicate partitioning of U: Implications for the <span class="hlt">heat</span> budget of the core and evidence for reduced U in the mantle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chidester, Bethany A.; Rahman, Zia; Righter, Kevin; Campbell, Andrew J.</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Earth's core might require an internal <span class="hlt">heat</span> source, such as radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span>, to explain the presence of the magnetic field through geologic time. To investigate whether U would be an important <span class="hlt">heat</span> source in the core, we performed metal-silicate partitioning experiments of U at P-T (up to 67 GPa and 5400 K) conditions more relevant to <span class="hlt">a</span> magma ocean scenario than has previously been reported. This study finds the partitioning of U to be strongly dependent on ƒO2, temperature, the S content of the metal and the SiO2 content of the silicate during core-mantle differentiation. Differentiation at mean conditions of 42-58 GPa and 3900-4200 K would put 1.4-3.5 ppb U (2-8 wt% S) in the core, amounting to <span class="hlt">a</span> maximum of 1.4 (+1/-0.7) TW of <span class="hlt">heat</span> <span class="hlt">4.5</span> billion years ago. This is likely not enough <span class="hlt">heat</span> to mitigate early widespread mantle melting. It was also found that U likely exists in the 2+ oxidation state in silicate melts in the deep Earth, <span class="hlt">a</span> state which has not been previously observed in nature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/18625','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/18625"><span>Trunk <span class="hlt">decays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Alex L. Shigo</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Trunk <span class="hlt">decays</span> are major causes of low quality wood-wood with little or no economic value. As <span class="hlt">a</span> forest practitioner you should be able to recognize trees at high risk for <span class="hlt">decay</span> and remove them if timber production is your primary objective. Remember, however, that <span class="hlt">decayed</span> trees often develop into den trees or nesting sites and provide essential habitat for wildlife....</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3437379','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3437379"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> comparison of direct <span class="hlt">heating</span> during radiofrequency and microwave ablation in ex vivo liver</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Andreano, Anita; Brace, Christopher L</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Purpose To determine the magnitude and spatial distribution of temperature elevations when using 480 kHz RF and 2.<span class="hlt">45</span> GHz microwave energy in ex vivo liver models. Materials and Methods <span class="hlt">A</span> total of sixty <span class="hlt">heating</span> cycles (20 s at 90 W) were performed in normal, RF ablated and microwave ablated liver tissues (n=10 RF and n=10 microwave in each tissue type). <span class="hlt">Heating</span> cycles were performed using <span class="hlt">a</span> 480 kHz generator and 3 cm cooled-tip electrode (RF) or <span class="hlt">a</span> 2.<span class="hlt">45</span> GHz generator and 14-gauge monopole (microwave) and designed to isolate direct <span class="hlt">heating</span> from each energy type. Tissue temperatures were measured using fiberoptic thermosensors 5, 10 and 15 mm radially from the ablation applicator at the depth of maximal <span class="hlt">heating</span>. Power delivered, sensor location, <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates and maximal temperatures were compared using mixed effects regression models. Results No significant differences were noted in mean power delivered or thermosensor locations between RF and microwave <span class="hlt">heating</span> groups (P>0.05). Microwaves produced significantly more rapid <span class="hlt">heating</span> than RF at 5, 10 and 15mm in normal tissue (3.0 vs. 0.73, 0.85 vs. 0.21 and 0.17 vs. 0.09 °C/s; P<.05); and at 5 and 10mm in ablated tissues (2.3 ± 1.4 vs. 0.7 ± 0.3, 0.5 ± 0.3 vs. 0.2 ± 0.0 C/s, P<.05). The radial depth of <span class="hlt">heating</span> was approximately 5mm greater for microwaves than RF. Conclusions Direct <span class="hlt">heating</span> obtained with 2.<span class="hlt">45</span> GHz microwave energy using <span class="hlt">a</span> single needle-like applicator is faster and covers <span class="hlt">a</span> larger volume of tissue than 480 kHz RF energy. Keywords: microwave ablation, direct <span class="hlt">heating</span>, thermal ablation PMID:22572764</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080033037','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080033037"><span>General Purpose <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Source Simulator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Emrich, William J., Jr.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The General Purpose <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Source (GPHS) project seeks to combine the development of an electrically <span class="hlt">heated</span>, single GPHS module simulator with the evaluation of potential nuclear surface power systems. The simulator is designed to match the form, fit, and function of actual GPHS modules which normally generate <span class="hlt">heat</span> through the radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> of Pu238. The use of electrically <span class="hlt">heated</span> modules rather than modules containing Pu238 facilitates the testing of the subsystems and systems without sacrificing the quantity and quality of the test data gathered. Current GPHS activities are centered on developing robust heater designs with sizes and weights which closely match those of actual Pu238 fueled GPHS blocks. Designs are being pursued which will allow operation up to 1100 C.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870024437&hterms=draught&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Ddraught','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870024437&hterms=draught&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Ddraught"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> numerical investigation of the summer 1980 U.S. <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wolfson, N.; Atlas, R.; Sud, Y.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>The diagnostic framework being utilized by researchers at NASA-Goddard in <span class="hlt">a</span> numerical analysis of the draught which occurred in the U.S. in 1980 described, along with preliminary results. Attention is focused on the wave structure at 500 mb and comparisons of this structure with NMC data from 1963-77 to define conditions during the initiation, maintenance and <span class="hlt">decay</span> of <span class="hlt">a</span> draught. Attempts are also being made to develop <span class="hlt">a</span> simple index for the diagnosis of <span class="hlt">heat</span> patterns using as input data from the 500 mb analysis. Early studies involving the examination of the effects of varying boundary conditions have revealed <span class="hlt">a</span> positive contribution from the soil moisture fields and <span class="hlt">a</span> negative contribution from the North Pacific sea surface temperature during the event. Studies are continuing to characterize phenomena during draught initiation and <span class="hlt">decay</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJAME..22..253F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJAME..22..253F"><span>Similarity Solutions on Mixed Convection <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Transfer from <span class="hlt">a</span> Horizontal Surface Saturated in <span class="hlt">a</span> Porous Medium with Internal <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Generation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ferdows, M.; Liu, D.</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>The aim of this work is to study the mixed convection boundary layer flow from <span class="hlt">a</span> horizontal surface embedded in <span class="hlt">a</span> porous medium with exponential <span class="hlt">decaying</span> internal <span class="hlt">heat</span> generation (IHG). Boundary layer equations are reduced to two ordinary differential equations for the dimensionless stream function and temperature with two parameters: ɛ, the mixed convection parameter, and λ, the exponent of x. This problem is numerically solved with <span class="hlt">a</span> system of parameters using built-in codes in Maple. The influences of these parameters on velocity and temperature profiles, and the Nusselt number, are thoroughly compared and discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA14127.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA14127.html"><span>Preparing Mars Science Laboratory <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Shield</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-05-13</p> <p>Technicians at Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, prepare the <span class="hlt">heat</span> shield for NASA Mars Science Laboratory. With <span class="hlt">a</span> diameter of <span class="hlt">4.5</span> meters nearly 15 feet, this <span class="hlt">heat</span> shield is the largest ever built for <span class="hlt">a</span> planetary mission.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982escr.meetR....T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982escr.meetR....T"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span>-pump cool storage in <span class="hlt">a</span> clathrate of freon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tomlinson, J. J.</p> <p></p> <p>Presented are the analytical description and assessment of <span class="hlt">a</span> unique <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump/storage system in which the conventional evaporator of the vapor compression cycle is replaced by <span class="hlt">a</span> highly efficient direct contract crystallizer. The thermal storage technique requires the formation of <span class="hlt">a</span> refrigerant gas hydrate (<span class="hlt">a</span> clathrate) and exploits an enthalpy of reaction comparable to the <span class="hlt">heat</span> of fusion of ice. Additional system operational benefits include cool storage at the favorable temperatures of 4 to 7 C (40 to <span class="hlt">45</span> F), and highly efficient <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer ates afforded by he direct contact mechanism. In addition, the experimental approach underway at ORNL to study such <span class="hlt">a</span> system is discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JASTP.105..253V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JASTP.105..253V"><span>High latitude artificial periodic irregularity observations with the upgraded EISCAT <span class="hlt">heating</span> facility</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vierinen, Juha; Kero, Antti; Rietveld, Michael T.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>We present <span class="hlt">a</span> recently developed ionospheric modification experiment that produces artificial periodic irregularities in the ionosphere and uses them to make observations of the spatiotemporal behaviour of the irregularities. In addition, the method can be used to measure Faraday rotation and vertical velocities. We also introduce <span class="hlt">a</span> novel experiment that allows monitoring the formation of the irregularities during <span class="hlt">heating</span>, in addition to observing their <span class="hlt">decay</span> after <span class="hlt">heating</span>. The first measurements indicate, contrary to existing theory, that the amplitude of the radar echoes from the periodic irregularities grows faster than they <span class="hlt">decay</span>. We focus on the API effects in the D- and E-region of the ionosphere.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24949758','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24949758"><span>Supersymmetric exotic <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the 125 GeV Higgs boson.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Jinrui; Liu, Tao; Wang, Lian-Tao; Yu, Felix</p> <p>2014-06-06</p> <p>We reveal <span class="hlt">a</span> set of novel <span class="hlt">decay</span> topologies for the 125 GeV Higgs boson in supersymmetry which are initiated by its <span class="hlt">decay</span> into <span class="hlt">a</span> pair of neutralinos, and discuss their collider search strategies. This category of exotic Higgs <span class="hlt">decays</span> is characterized by the collider signature: visible objects+E_{T}, with E_{T} dominantly arising from escaping dark matter particles. Their benchmark arises naturally in the Peccei-Quinn symmetry limit of the minimal supersymmetric standard model singlet extensions, which is typified by the coexistence of three light particles: singletlike scalar h_{1} and pseudoscalar <span class="hlt">a</span>_{1}, and singlinolike neutralino χ_{1}, all with masses of ≲10  GeV, and the generic suppression of the exotic <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the 125 GeV Higgs boson h_{2}→h_{1}h_{1}, <span class="hlt">a</span>_{1}<span class="hlt">a</span>_{1} and χ_{1}χ_{1}, however. As an illustration, we study the <span class="hlt">decay</span> topology: h_{2}→χ_{1}χ_{2}, where the binolike χ_{2} <span class="hlt">decays</span> to h_{1}χ_{1} or <span class="hlt">a</span>_{1}χ_{1}, and h_{1}/<span class="hlt">a</span>_{1}→ff[over ¯], with ff[over ¯]=μ^{+}μ^{-}, bb[over ¯]. In the dimuon case (m_{h_{1}/<span class="hlt">a</span>_{1}}∼1  GeV), <span class="hlt">a</span> statistical sensitivity of S/sqrt[B]>6σ can be achieved easily at the 8 TeV LHC, assuming σ(pp→Wh_{2})/σ(pp→Wh_{SM})Br(h_{2}→μ^{+}μ^{-}χ_{1}χ_{1})=0.1. In the bb[over ¯] case (m_{h_{1}/<span class="hlt">a</span>_{1}}∼<span class="hlt">45</span>  GeV), 600  fb^{-1} data at the 14 TeV LHC can lead to <span class="hlt">a</span> statistical sensitivity of S/sqrt[B]>5σ, assuming σ(pp→Zh_{2})/σ(pp→Zh_{SM})Br(h_{2}→bb[over ¯]χ_{1}χ_{1})=0.5. These exotic <span class="hlt">decays</span> open <span class="hlt">a</span> new avenue for exploring new physics couplings with the 125 GeV Higgs boson at colliders.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29897094','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29897094"><span>Fast quantitative optical detection of <span class="hlt">heat</span> dissipation by surface plasmon polaritons.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Möller, Thomas B; Ganser, Andreas; Kratt, Martina; Dickreuter, Simon; Waitz, Reimar; Scheer, Elke; Boneberg, Johannes; Leiderer, Paul</p> <p>2018-06-13</p> <p><span class="hlt">Heat</span> management at the nanoscale is an issue of increasing importance. In optoelectronic devices the transport and <span class="hlt">decay</span> of plasmons contribute to the dissipation of <span class="hlt">heat</span>. By comparison of experimental data and simulations we demonstrate that it is possible to gain quantitative information about excitation, propagation and <span class="hlt">decay</span> of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in <span class="hlt">a</span> thin gold stripe supported by <span class="hlt">a</span> silicon membrane. The temperature-dependent optical transmissivity of the membrane is used to determine the temperature distribution around the metal stripe with high spatial and temporal resolution. This method is complementary to techniques where the propagation of SPPs is monitored optically, and provides additional information which is not readily accessible by other means. In particular, we demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of the membrane can also be derived from our analysis. The results presented here show the high potential of this tool for <span class="hlt">heat</span> management studies in nanoscale devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PThPS.185..252I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PThPS.185..252I"><span>Hypernuclear Weak <span class="hlt">Decays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Itonaga, K.; Motoba, T.</p> <p></p> <p>The recent theoretical studies of Lambda-hypernuclear weak decaysof the nonmesonic and pi-mesonic ones are developed with the aim to disclose the link between the experimental <span class="hlt">decay</span> observables and the underlying basic weak <span class="hlt">decay</span> interactions and the weak <span class="hlt">decay</span> mechanisms. The expressions of the nonmesonic <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates Gamma_{nm} and the <span class="hlt">decay</span> asymmetry parameter alpha_1 of protons from the polarized hypernuclei are presented in the shell model framework. We then introduce the meson theoretical Lambda N -> NN interactions which include the one-meson exchanges, the correlated-2pi exchanges, and the chiral-pair-meson exchanges. The features of meson exchange potentials and their roles on the nonmesonic <span class="hlt">decays</span> are discussed. With the adoption of the pi + 2pi/rho + 2pi/sigma + omega + K + rhopi/<span class="hlt">a</span>_1 + sigmapi/<span class="hlt">a</span>_1 exchange potentials, we have carried out the systematic calculations of the nonmesonic <span class="hlt">decay</span> observables for light-to-heavy hypernuclei. The present model can account for the available experimental data of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates, Gamma_n/Gamma_p ratios, and the intrinsic asymmetry parameters alpha_Lambda (alpha_Lambda is related to alpha_1) of emitted protons well and consistently within the error bars. The hypernuclear lifetimes are evaluated by converting the total weak <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates Gamma_{tot} = Gamma_pi + Gamma_{nm} to tau, which exhibit saturation property for the hypernuclear mass <span class="hlt">A</span> ≥ 30 and agree grossly well with experimental data for the mass range from light to heavy hypernuclei except for the very light ones. Future extensions of the model and the remaining problems are also mentioned. The pi-mesonic weak processes are briefly surveyed, and the calculations and predictions are compared and confirmed by the recent high precision FINUDA pi-mesonic <span class="hlt">decay</span> data. This shows that the theoretical basis seems to be firmly grounded.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012RaPC...81..370R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012RaPC...81..370R"><span>Beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the fission product 125Sb and <span class="hlt">a</span> new complete evaluation of absolute gamma ray transition intensities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rajput, M. U.; Ali, N.; Hussain, S.; Mujahid, S. A.; MacMahon, D.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>The radionuclide 125Sb is <span class="hlt">a</span> long-lived fission product, which <span class="hlt">decays</span> to 125Te by negative beta emission with <span class="hlt">a</span> half-life of 1008 day. The beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> is followed by the emission of several gamma radiations, ranging from low to medium energy, that can suitably be used for high-resolution detector calibrations, <span class="hlt">decay</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> calculations and in many other applications. In this work, the beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 125Sb has been studied in detail. The complete published experimental data of relative gamma ray intensities in the beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the radionuclide 125Sb has been compiled. The consistency analysis was performed and discrepancies found at several gamma ray energies. Evaluation of the discrepant data was carried out using Normalized Residual and RAJEVAL methods. The <span class="hlt">decay</span> scheme balance was carried out using beta branching ratios, internal conversion coefficients, populating and depopulating gamma transitions to 125Te levels. The work has resulted in the consistent conversion factor equal to 29.59(13) %, and determined <span class="hlt">a</span> new evaluated set of the absolute gamma ray emission probabilities. The work has also shown 22.99% of the delayed intensity fraction as outgoing from the 58 d isomeric 144 keV energy level and 77.01% of the prompt intensity fraction reaching to the ground state from the other excited states. The results are discussed and compared with previous evaluations. The present work includes additional experimental data sets which were not included in the previous evaluations. <span class="hlt">A</span> new set of recommended relative and absolute gamma ray emission probabilities is presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22598832-kinetic-study-non-thermal-volumetric-plasma-decay-early-afterglow-air-discharge-generated-short-pulse-microwave-laser','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22598832-kinetic-study-non-thermal-volumetric-plasma-decay-early-afterglow-air-discharge-generated-short-pulse-microwave-laser"><span>Kinetic study on non-thermal volumetric plasma <span class="hlt">decay</span> in the early afterglow of air discharge generated by <span class="hlt">a</span> short pulse microwave or laser</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Yang, Wei, E-mail: yangwei861212@126.com; Zhou, Qianhong; Dong, Zhiwei</p> <p></p> <p>This paper reports <span class="hlt">a</span> kinetic study on non-thermal plasma <span class="hlt">decay</span> in the early afterglow of air discharge generated by short pulse microwave or laser. <span class="hlt">A</span> global self-consistent model is based on the particle balance of complex plasma chemistry, electron energy equation, and gas thermal balance equation. Electron-ion Coulomb collision is included in the steady state Boltzmann equation solver to accurately describe the electron mobility and other transport coefficients. The model is used to simulate the afterglow of microsecond to nanosecond pulse microwave discharge in N{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, and air, as well as femtosecond laser filament discharge in dry andmore » humid air. The simulated results for electron density <span class="hlt">decay</span> are in quantitative agreement with the available measured ones. The evolution of plasma <span class="hlt">decay</span> under an external electric field is also investigated, and the effect of gas <span class="hlt">heating</span> is considered. The underlying mechanism of plasma density <span class="hlt">decay</span> is unveiled through the above kinetic modeling.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981rddt.book.....K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981rddt.book.....K"><span>Radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> data tables: <span class="hlt">A</span> handbook of <span class="hlt">decay</span> data for application to radiation dosimetry and radiological assessments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kocher, D. C.; Smith, J. S.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Decay</span> data are presented for approximately 500 radionuclides including those occurring naturally in the environment, those of potential importance in routine or accidental releases from the nuclear fuel cycle, those of current interest in nuclear medicine and fusion reactor technology, and some of those of interest to Committee 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection for the estimation of annual limits on intake via inhalation and ingestion for occupationally exposed individuals. Physical processes involved in radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> which produce the different types of radiation observed, methods used to prepare the <span class="hlt">decay</span> data sets for each radionuclide in the format of the computerized evaluated nuclear structure data file, the tables of radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> data, and the computer code MEDLIST used to produce the tables are described. Applications of the data to problems of interest in radiation dosimetry and radiological assessments are considered as well as the calculations of the activity of <span class="hlt">a</span> daughter radionuclide relative to the activity of its parent in <span class="hlt">a</span> radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> chain.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997PhDT.........3G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997PhDT.........3G"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> Thermal Model for the Differentiation of Asteroid 4 Vesta, Based on Radiogenic and Collisional <span class="hlt">Heating</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ghosh, Amitabha</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> finite element code has been developed to study the thermal history of asteroid 4 Vesta. This is the first attempt to model the thermal history of <span class="hlt">a</span> differentiated asteroid, from accretion through core and crust formation and subsequent cooling until geochemical closure is attained. Previous thermal models were simpler formulations aimed at explaining metamorphism and aqueous alteration in unmelted asteroids. The results of the simulation are consistent with chronological measurements of cumulate and noncumulate eucrites, meteorites belonging to the HED suite, believed to have been derived from 4 Vesta. The work solves major problems with the hypothesis of <span class="hlt">heating</span> by <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 26Al, an extinct radionuclide, believed to be <span class="hlt">a</span> plausible <span class="hlt">heat</span> source in the early solar system. The simulation draws <span class="hlt">a</span> model chronology of Vesta and predicts the time interval of accretion at 2.85 Myrs, the absolute times (with respect to CAI formation) of core formation at 4.58 Myrs, crust formation at 6.58 Myrs and geochemical closure on Vesta at ~100 Myrs. It is concluded that neither collisional <span class="hlt">heating</span> nor <span class="hlt">heating</span> due to the radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 60Fe caused any perceptible difference in the whole-body thermal history of Vesta. Further, the thermal model suggested that the olivine-rich spot observed on Vesta may not be excavated mantle material, but may be unmelted near-surface material that escaped the asteroid's differentiation history.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28686197','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28686197"><span>Vulnerability Reduction Needed to Maintain Current Burdens of <span class="hlt">Heat</span>-Related Mortality in <span class="hlt">a</span> Changing Climate-Magnitude and Determinants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Åström, Christofer; Åström, Daniel Oudin; Andersson, Camilla; Ebi, Kristie L; Forsberg, Bertil</p> <p>2017-07-07</p> <p>The health burden from heatwaves is expected to increase with rising global mean temperatures and more extreme <span class="hlt">heat</span> events over the coming decades. Health-related effects from extreme <span class="hlt">heat</span> are more common in elderly populations. The population of Europe is rapidly aging, which will increase the health effects of future temperatures. In this study, we estimate the magnitude of adaptation needed to lower vulnerability to <span class="hlt">heat</span> in order to prevent an increase in <span class="hlt">heat</span>-related deaths in the 2050s; this is the Adaptive Risk Reduction (ARR) needed. Temperature projections under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) <span class="hlt">4.5</span> and RCP 8.5 from 18 climate models were coupled with gridded population data and exposure-response relationships from <span class="hlt">a</span> European multi-city study on <span class="hlt">heat</span>-related mortality. In the 2050s, the ARR for the general population is 53.5%, based on temperature projections under RCP <span class="hlt">4.5</span>. For the population above 65 years in Southern Europe, the ARR is projected to be <span class="hlt">45</span>.9% in <span class="hlt">a</span> future with an unchanged climate and 74.7% with climate change under RCP <span class="hlt">4.5</span>. The ARRs were higher under RCP 8.5. Whichever emission scenario is followed or population projection assumed, Europe will need to adapt to <span class="hlt">a</span> great degree to maintain <span class="hlt">heat</span>-related mortality at present levels, which are themselves unacceptably high, posing an even greater challenge.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5551179','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5551179"><span>Vulnerability Reduction Needed to Maintain Current Burdens of <span class="hlt">Heat</span>-Related Mortality in <span class="hlt">a</span> Changing Climate—Magnitude and Determinants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Åström, Christofer; Oudin Åström, Daniel; Andersson, Camilla; L. Ebi, Kristie; Forsberg, Bertil</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The health burden from heatwaves is expected to increase with rising global mean temperatures and more extreme <span class="hlt">heat</span> events over the coming decades. Health-related effects from extreme <span class="hlt">heat</span> are more common in elderly populations. The population of Europe is rapidly aging, which will increase the health effects of future temperatures. In this study, we estimate the magnitude of adaptation needed to lower vulnerability to <span class="hlt">heat</span> in order to prevent an increase in <span class="hlt">heat</span>-related deaths in the 2050s; this is the Adaptive Risk Reduction (ARR) needed. Temperature projections under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) <span class="hlt">4.5</span> and RCP 8.5 from 18 climate models were coupled with gridded population data and exposure-response relationships from <span class="hlt">a</span> European multi-city study on <span class="hlt">heat</span>-related mortality. In the 2050s, the ARR for the general population is 53.5%, based on temperature projections under RCP <span class="hlt">4.5</span>. For the population above 65 years in Southern Europe, the ARR is projected to be <span class="hlt">45</span>.9% in <span class="hlt">a</span> future with an unchanged climate and 74.7% with climate change under RCP <span class="hlt">4.5</span>. The ARRs were higher under RCP 8.5. Whichever emission scenario is followed or population projection assumed, Europe will need to adapt to <span class="hlt">a</span> great degree to maintain <span class="hlt">heat</span>-related mortality at present levels, which are themselves unacceptably high, posing an even greater challenge. PMID:28686197</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6470877','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6470877"><span>Experimental and analytical study of loss-of-flow transients in EBR-II occurring at <span class="hlt">decay</span> power levels</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Chang, L.K.; Mohr, D.; Feldman, E.E.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> series of eight loss-of-flow (LOF) tests have been conducted in EBR-II to study the transition between forced and natural convective flows following <span class="hlt">a</span> variety of loss-of-primary-pumping power conditions from <span class="hlt">decay</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> levels. Comparisons of measurements and pretest/posttest predictions were made on <span class="hlt">a</span> selected test. Good agreements between measurements and predictions was found prior to and just after the flow reaching its minimum, but the agreement is not as good after that point. The temperatures are consistent with the flow response and the assumed <span class="hlt">decay</span> power. The measured results indicate that the flows of driver and the instrumented subassemblies aremore » too much in the analytical model in the natural convective region. Although <span class="hlt">a</span> parametric study on secondary flow, turbulent-laminar flow transition, <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer ability of the intermediate <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchange at low flow and flow mixing in the primary tank has been performed to determine their effects on the flow, the cause of the discrepancy at very low flow level is still unknown.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5269618-heat-transfer-horizontal-tubes-immersed-fluidized-bed-combustor','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5269618-heat-transfer-horizontal-tubes-immersed-fluidized-bed-combustor"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> transfer to horizontal tubes immersed in <span class="hlt">a</span> fluidized-bed combustor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Grewal, N.S.; Menart, J.; Hajicek, D.R.</p> <p></p> <p>Experiments were carried out to measure the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer rates to water-cooled horizontal tubes immersed in an atmospheric fluidized-bed combustor burning North Dakota lignite. The effect of bed temperature (T/sub B/ = 587 to 1205K), particle size (anti d/sub p/ = 0.544 to 2.335 mm), and fluidizing velocity (U = 0.73 to 2.58 m/s) on the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer rate to horizontal tubes immersed in <span class="hlt">a</span> fluidized-bed combustor (0.<span class="hlt">45</span> x 0.<span class="hlt">45</span> m) was investigated. Among existing correlations, correlations proposed by Glicksman and Decker (1980), Zabrodsky et al. (1980), Catipovic et al. (1980), Grewal (1981), and Bansal et al. (1980) are foundmore » to predict the present data quite well, when the contribution due to radiation is included. The radiative <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer is estimated as the difference between the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer to an oxidized boiler tube and to <span class="hlt">a</span> gold-plated tube. The relative contribution of radiation is found to be 11% for <span class="hlt">a</span> bed of sand particles (anti d/sub p/ = 0.9 mm) operating at 1088K. 40 refs., 7 figs., 5 tabs.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1379680-comprehensive-study-interatomic-coulombic-decay-argon-dimers-extracting-dependent-absolute-decay-rates-from-experiment','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1379680-comprehensive-study-interatomic-coulombic-decay-argon-dimers-extracting-dependent-absolute-decay-rates-from-experiment"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> comprehensive study of Interatomic Coulombic <span class="hlt">Decay</span> in argon dimers: Extracting R-dependent absolute <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates from the experiment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Rist, J.; Miteva, T.; Gaire, B.; ...</p> <p>2016-09-15</p> <p>In this paper we present <span class="hlt">a</span> comprehensive and detailed study of Interatomic Coulombic <span class="hlt">Decay</span> (ICD) occurring after irradiating argon dimers with XUV-synchrotron radiation. <span class="hlt">A</span> manifold of different <span class="hlt">decay</span> channels is observed and the corresponding initial and final states are assigned. Additionally, the effect of nuclear dynamics on the ICD electron spectrum is examined for one specific <span class="hlt">decay</span> channel. The internuclear distance-dependent width Γ(R) of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> is obtained from the measured kinetic energy release distribution of the ions employing <span class="hlt">a</span> classical nuclear dynamics model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6511289-thermal-hydraulic-simulation-natural-convection-decay-heat-removal-high-flux-isotope-reactor-using-relap5-tempest-part-models-simulation-results','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6511289-thermal-hydraulic-simulation-natural-convection-decay-heat-removal-high-flux-isotope-reactor-using-relap5-tempest-part-models-simulation-results"><span>Thermal-hydraulic simulation of natural convection <span class="hlt">decay</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> removal in the High Flux Isotope Reactor using RELAP5 and TEMPEST: Part 1, Models and simulation results</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Morris, D.G.; Wendel, M.W.; Chen, N.C.J.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> study was conducted to examine <span class="hlt">decay</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> removal requirements in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) following shutdown from 85 MW. The objective of the study was to determine when forced flow through the core could be terminated without causing the fuel to melt. This question is particularly relevant when <span class="hlt">a</span> station blackout caused by an external event is considered. Analysis of natural circulation in the core, vessel upper plenum, and reactor pool indicates that 12 h of forced flow will permit <span class="hlt">a</span> safe shutdown with some margin. However, uncertainties in the analysis preclude conclusive proof that 12 hmore » is sufficient. As <span class="hlt">a</span> result of the study, two seismically qualified diesel generators were installed in HFIR. 9 refs., 4 figs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22713930','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22713930"><span>Anomalous quantum <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport in <span class="hlt">a</span> one-dimensional harmonic chain with random couplings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yan, Yonghong; Zhao, Hui</p> <p>2012-07-11</p> <p>We investigate quantum <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport in <span class="hlt">a</span> one-dimensional harmonic system with random couplings. In the presence of randomness, phonon modes may normally be classified as ballistic, diffusive or localized. We show that these modes can roughly be characterized by the local nearest-neighbor level spacing distribution, similarly to their electronic counterparts. We also show that the thermal conductance G(th) through the system <span class="hlt">decays</span> rapidly with the system size (G(th) ∼ L(-α)). The exponent α strongly depends on the system size and can change from α < 1 to α > 1 with increasing system size, indicating that the system undergoes <span class="hlt">a</span> transition from <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> conductor to <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> insulator. This result could be useful in thermal control of low-dimensional systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24692142','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24692142"><span>Human <span class="hlt">heat</span> adaptation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Taylor, Nigel A S</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>In this overview, human morphological and functional adaptations during naturally and artificially induced <span class="hlt">heat</span> adaptation are explored. Through discussions of adaptation theory and practice, <span class="hlt">a</span> theoretical basis is constructed for evaluating <span class="hlt">heat</span> adaptation. It will be argued that some adaptations are specific to the treatment used, while others are generalized. Regarding ethnic differences in <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance, the case is put that reported differences in <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance are not due to natural selection, but can be explained on the basis of variations in adaptation opportunity. These concepts are expanded to illustrate how traditional <span class="hlt">heat</span> adaptation and acclimatization represent forms of habituation, and thermal clamping (controlled hyperthermia) is proposed as <span class="hlt">a</span> superior model for mechanistic research. Indeed, this technique has led to questioning the perceived wisdom of body-fluid changes, such as the expansion and subsequent <span class="hlt">decay</span> of plasma volume, and sudomotor function, including sweat habituation and redistribution. Throughout, this contribution was aimed at taking another step toward understanding the phenomenon of <span class="hlt">heat</span> adaptation and stimulating future research. In this regard, research questions are posed concerning the influence that variations in morphological configuration may exert upon adaptation, the determinants of postexercise plasma volume recovery, and the physiological mechanisms that modify the cholinergic sensitivity of sweat glands, and changes in basal metabolic rate and body core temperature following adaptation. © 2014 American Physiological Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25436962','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25436962"><span>Seasonal <span class="hlt">heat</span> acclimatization in wildland firefighters.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lui, Brianna; Cuddy, John S; Hailes, Walter S; Ruby, Brent C</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to determine changes in physiological markers of <span class="hlt">heat</span> acclimatization across <span class="hlt">a</span> 4-month wildland fire season. Wildland firefighters (WLFF) (n=12) and non-WLFF (n=14) were assessed pre- and post-season for body mass, percent body fat, and peak VO₂. Both groups completed <span class="hlt">a</span> 60-min <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress trial (walking at 50% of peak VO₂) in <span class="hlt">a</span> climate controlled chamber (43.3 °C, 33% RH) pre and post-fire season (May through September). During the trials, core (Tc) and skin (Tsk) temperatures, heart rate (HR), physiological strain index (PSI), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. There were no differences pre or post-season between the WLFF and non-WLFF groups in body mass, percent body fat, or peak V.O2. During the 73 days where the WLFF were involved in direct wildland fire suppression, daily high temperature for the WLFF was higher compared to the non-WLFF, 30.6 ± 5.4 °C and 26.9 ± 6.1 °C, respectively, p<0.05. Tc was lower at post-season compared to pre-season (p<0.05) for the WLFF at 30, <span class="hlt">45</span>, and 60 min (pre 30, <span class="hlt">45</span>, and 60: 37.9 ± 0.3, 38.3 ± 0.3 and 38.5 ± 0.3 °C, respectively; post 30, <span class="hlt">45</span>, and 60: 37.8 ± 0.3, 38.1 ± 0.3 and 38.2 ± 0.4 °C, respectively). For WLFF, PSI was lower (p<0.05) at 15, 30, <span class="hlt">45</span>, and 60 min at post-season compared to pre-season (4.2 ± 0.7, 5.6 ± 0.9, 6.5 ± 0.9, and 7.1 ± 1.1 for 15, 30, <span class="hlt">45</span>, and 60 min pre-season, respectively; 3.6 ± 0.8, 4.9 ± 1.0, 5.7 ± 1.2, 6.3 ± 1.3 for 15, 30, <span class="hlt">45</span>, and 60 min post-season, respectively). For WLFF, RPE was lower during the post-season trial at 30, <span class="hlt">45</span>, and 60 min (pre 30, <span class="hlt">45</span>, and 60: 11.7 ± 1.4, 12.3 ± 1.2, and 13.5 ± 1.4, respectively; post 30, <span class="hlt">45</span>, and 60: 10.7 ± 1.2, 11.3 ± 1.3, and 11.9 ± 1.5, respectively), p<0.05. There were no differences between pre and post-season for the non-WLFF for Tc and PSI, but RPE was lower at 15 min during the pre-season trial. WLFFs demonstrated significant decreases in Tc, PSI, and RPE during controlled <span class="hlt">heat</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/485988','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/485988"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> measurement of the b quark fragmentation function at {radical}Q{sup 2} = <span class="hlt">45</span>.6 GeV</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Church, E.D.</p> <p>1996-06-01</p> <p>Presented here is <span class="hlt">a</span> measurement of the b quark fragmentation function D{sub b}(X), taken from <span class="hlt">a</span> sample of 504 semi-leptonic B <span class="hlt">decays</span> which were selected from the 150,000 Z{sup 0} <span class="hlt">decays</span> collected between 1993 and 1995 at the SLD at SLAC. The energy of each tagged B hadron is reconstructed using missing jet energy, based on the information from the lepton and <span class="hlt">a</span> partially-reconstructed charm-<span class="hlt">decay</span> vertex. Account is taken of the effect of primary orbitally excited mesons (B**s). An iterative unfolding procedure is used which serves to effectively extract the true fragmentation function from the reconstructed B energy spectrum. Themore » final result is shown to be compatible with many theoretical models. <span class="hlt">A</span> comparison is made with other b fragmentation function measurements at <span class="hlt">45</span>.6 GeV, and this measurement is shown to be consistent with those results. The average scaled energy is found to be (x{sub E}) = 0.697{+-} 0.017(stat) {+-} 0.034(sys).« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=128614&Lab=NRMRL&keyword=non+AND+equivalent+AND+control&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=128614&Lab=NRMRL&keyword=non+AND+equivalent+AND+control&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPOSURE TO AND DOSE FROM RADON <span class="hlt">DECAY</span> PRODUCTS IN NORMALLY OCCUPIED HOMES</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The paper gives results of an assessment of the exposure to radon <span class="hlt">decay</span> products in seven houses in northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada. n two houses, <span class="hlt">a</span> single individual smoked cigarettes. ariety of <span class="hlt">heating</span> and cooking appliances were in the houses. hese studies provided 5...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/29989','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/29989"><span>Soil organic matter dynamics under <span class="hlt">decaying</span> wood in <span class="hlt">a</span> subtropical wet forest: effect of tree species and <span class="hlt">decay</span> stage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Marcela Zalamea; Grizelle Gonzalez; Chien-Lu Ping; Gary Michaelson</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Decaying</span> wood is an important structural and functional component of forests: it contributes to generate habitat diversity, acts as either sink or source of nutrients, and plays <span class="hlt">a</span> preponderant role in soil formation. Thus, <span class="hlt">decaying</span> wood might likely have measurable effects on chemical properties of the underlying soil.We hypothesized that <span class="hlt">decaying</span> wood would have <span class="hlt">a</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=317302','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=317302"><span>Ecofriendly hot water treatment reduces postharvest <span class="hlt">decay</span> and elicits defense response in kiwifruit</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Hot water treatment (HWT) of fruit is an effective approach for managing postharvest <span class="hlt">decay</span> of fruits and vegetables. In the present study, the effects of HWT (<span class="hlt">45</span> degrees C for 10 min) on the growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum in vitro, and gray (B. cinerea) and blue mold (P. expans...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16003479','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16003479"><span>Inhibition and stimulation effects in communities of wood <span class="hlt">decay</span> fungi: exudates from colonized wood influence growth by other species.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Heilmann-Clausen, J; Boddy, L</p> <p>2005-04-01</p> <p>The effects of exudates from uncolonized and from partly <span class="hlt">decayed</span> beech wood on the extension rates of 16 later stage <span class="hlt">decay</span> fungi were investigated. The partly <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood had been colonized by the pyrenomycete Eutypa spinosa, or the basidiomycetes Fomes fomentarius, Stereum hirsutum, and Trametes versicolor, all known as common early <span class="hlt">decay</span> agents in European beech forests. Sterilized wood pieces were placed onto 0.5% malt agar, opposite to small agar plugs containing the test fungi. The latter showed very variable and species-specific growth responses to the various wood types. The presence of uncolonized wood stimulated extension rates in many species, whereas the four previously <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood types had variable stimulatory or inhibitory effects. Wood <span class="hlt">decayed</span> by S. hirsutum resulted in reduced extension rate, delayed growth, or total inhibition in the majority of species, thus it is suggested that this species uses secondary metabolites in <span class="hlt">a</span> defensive strategy. <span class="hlt">A</span> single species was, however, stimulated in the presence of S. hirsutum-<span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood. In contrast, the presence of wood <span class="hlt">decayed</span> by F. fomentarius was stimulatory to <span class="hlt">45</span>% of the species. The other previously <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood types generally resulted in more variable responses, depending upon species. The results are discussed in an ecological context and it is suggested that the exudates from the partly <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood that are responsible for the reported effects may function as infochemicals, structuring microbial communities in wood.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70196732','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70196732"><span>Visual cues for woodpeckers: light reflectance of <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood varies by <span class="hlt">decay</span> fungus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>O'Daniels, Sean T.; Kesler, Dylan C.; Mihail, Jeanne D.; Webb, Elisabeth B.; Werner, Scott J.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The appearance of wood substrates is likely relevant to bird species with life histories that require regular interactions with wood for food and shelter. Woodpeckers detect <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood for cavity placement or foraging, and some species may be capable of detecting trees <span class="hlt">decayed</span> by specific fungi; however, <span class="hlt">a</span> mechanism allowing for such specificity remains unidentified. We hypothesized that <span class="hlt">decay</span> fungi associated with woodpecker cavity sites alter the substrate reflectance in <span class="hlt">a</span> species-specific manner that is visually discriminable by woodpeckers. We grew 10 species of wood <span class="hlt">decay</span> fungi from pure cultures on sterile wood substrates of 3 tree species. We then measured the relative reflectance spectra of <span class="hlt">decayed</span> and control wood wafers and compared them using the receptor noise-limited (RNL) color discrimination model. The RNL model has been used in studies of feather coloration, egg shells, flowers, and fruit to model how the colors of objects appear to birds. Our analyses indicated 6 of 10 <span class="hlt">decayed</span> substrate/control comparisons were above the threshold of discrimination (i.e., indicating differences discriminable by avian viewers), and 12 of 13 <span class="hlt">decayed</span> substrate comparisons were also above threshold for <span class="hlt">a</span> hypothetical woodpecker. We conclude that woodpeckers should be capable of visually detecting <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood on trees where bark is absent, and they should also be able to detect visually species-specific differences in wood substrates <span class="hlt">decayed</span> by fungi used in this study. Our results provide evidence for <span class="hlt">a</span> visual mechanism by which woodpeckers could identify and select substrates <span class="hlt">decayed</span> by specific fungi, which has implications for understanding ecologically important woodpecker–fungus interactions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JBO....23d6003S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JBO....23d6003S"><span>Weak light emission of soft tissues induced by <span class="hlt">heating</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Spinelli, Antonello E.; Durando, Giovanni; Boschi, Federico</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The main goal of this work is to show that soft tissue interaction with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or direct <span class="hlt">heating</span> leads to <span class="hlt">a</span> weak light emission detectable using <span class="hlt">a</span> small animal optical imaging system. Our results show that the luminescence signal is detectable after 30 min of <span class="hlt">heating</span>, resembling the time scale of delayed luminescence. The imaging of <span class="hlt">a</span> soft tissue after <span class="hlt">heating</span> it using an HIFU field shows that the luminescence pattern closely matches the shape of the cone typical of the HIFU beam. We conclude that <span class="hlt">heating</span> <span class="hlt">a</span> soft tissue using two different sources leads to the emission of <span class="hlt">a</span> weak luminescence signal from the <span class="hlt">heated</span> region with <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">decay</span> half-life of <span class="hlt">a</span> few minutes (4 to 6 min). The origin of such light emission needs to be further investigated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhRvL.107b1804D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhRvL.107b1804D"><span>Search for Production of Invisible Final States in Single-Photon <span class="hlt">Decays</span> of Υ(1S)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Del Amo Sanchez, P.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E.; Tisserand, V.; Garra Tico, J.; Grauges, E.; Martinelli, M.; Milanes, D. A.; Palano, A.; Pappagallo, M.; Eigen, G.; Stugu, B.; Sun, L.; Brown, D. N.; Chistiakova, M. V.; Jensen, F.; Kerth, L. T.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Lynch, G.; Osipenkov, I. L.; Koch, H.; Schroeder, T.; Asgeirsson, D. J.; Hearty, C.; Mattison, T. S.; McKenna, J. A.; Khan, A.; Randle-Conde, A.; Blinov, V. E.; Buzykaev, A. R.; Druzhinin, V. P.; Golubev, V. B.; Kravchenko, E. A.; Onuchin, A. P.; Serednyakov, S. I.; Skovpen, Yu. I.; Solodov, E. P.; Todyshev, K. Yu.; Yushkov, A. N.; Bondioli, M.; Curry, S.; Kirkby, D.; Lankford, A. J.; Mandelkern, M.; Martin, E. C.; Stoker, D. P.; Atmacan, H.; Gary, J. W.; Liu, F.; Long, O.; Vitug, G. M.; Campagnari, C.; Hong, T. M.; Kovalskyi, D.; Richman, J. D.; West, C.; Eisner, A. M.; Heusch, C. A.; Kroseberg, J.; Lockman, W. S.; Martinez, A. J.; Schalk, T.; Schumm, B. A.; Seiden, A.; Winstrom, L. O.; Cheng, C. H.; Doll, D. A.; Echenard, B.; Hitlin, D. G.; Ongmongkolkul, P.; Porter, F. C.; Rakitin, A. Y.; Andreassen, R.; Dubrovin, M. S.; Mancinelli, G.; Meadows, B. T.; Sokoloff, M. D.; Bloom, P. C.; Ford, W. T.; Gaz, A.; Nagel, M.; Nauenberg, U.; Smith, J. G.; Wagner, S. R.; Ayad, R.; Toki, W. H.; Jasper, H.; Karbach, T. M.; Petzold, A.; Spaan, B.; Kobel, M. J.; Schubert, K. R.; Schwierz, R.; Bernard, D.; Verderi, M.; Clark, P. J.; Playfer, S.; Watson, J. E.; Andreotti, M.; Bettoni, D.; Bozzi, C.; Calabrese, R.; Cecchi, A.; Cibinetto, G.; Fioravanti, E.; Franchini, P.; Garzia, I.; Luppi, E.; Munerato, M.; Negrini, M.; Petrella, A.; Piemontese, L.; Baldini-Ferroli, R.; Calcaterra, A.; de Sangro, R.; Finocchiaro, G.; Nicolaci, M.; Pacetti, S.; Patteri, P.; Peruzzi, I. M.; Piccolo, M.; Rama, M.; Zallo, A.; Contri, R.; Guido, E.; Lo Vetere, M.; Monge, M. R.; Passaggio, S.; Patrignani, C.; Robutti, E.; Tosi, S.; Bhuyan, B.; Prasad, V.; Lee, C. L.; Morii, M.; Adametz, A.; Marks, J.; Uwer, U.; Bernlochner, F. U.; Ebert, M.; Lacker, H. M.; Lueck, T.; Volk, A.; Dauncey, P. D.; Tibbetts, M.; Behera, P. K.; Mallik, U.; Chen, C.; Cochran, J.; Crawley, H. B.; Dong, L.; Meyer, W. T.; Prell, S.; Rosenberg, E. I.; Rubin, A. E.; Gritsan, A. V.; Guo, Z. J.; Arnaud, N.; Davier, M.; Derkach, D.; Firmino da Costa, J.; Grosdidier, G.; Le Diberder, F.; Lutz, A. M.; Malaescu, B.; Perez, A.; Roudeau, P.; Schune, M. H.; Serrano, J.; Sordini, V.; Stocchi, A.; Wang, L.; Wormser, G.; Lange, D. J.; Wright, D. M.; Bingham, I.; Chavez, C. A.; Coleman, J. P.; Fry, J. R.; Gabathuler, E.; Gamet, R.; Hutchcroft, D. E.; Payne, D. J.; Touramanis, C.; Bevan, A. J.; di Lodovico, F.; Sacco, R.; Sigamani, M.; Cowan, G.; Paramesvaran, S.; Wren, A. C.; Brown, D. N.; Davis, C. L.; Denig, A. G.; Fritsch, M.; Gradl, W.; Hafner, A.; Alwyn, K. E.; Bailey, D.; Barlow, R. J.; Jackson, G.; Lafferty, G. D.; Anderson, J.; Cenci, R.; Jawahery, A.; Roberts, D. A.; Simi, G.; Tuggle, J. M.; Dallapiccola, C.; Salvati, E.; Cowan, R.; Dujmic, D.; Sciolla, G.; Zhao, M.; Lindemann, D.; Patel, P. M.; Robertson, S. H.; Schram, M.; Biassoni, P.; Lazzaro, A.; Lombardo, V.; Palombo, F.; Stracka, S.; Cremaldi, L.; Godang, R.; Kroeger, R.; Sonnek, P.; Summers, D. J.; Nguyen, X.; Simard, M.; Taras, P.; de Nardo, G.; Monorchio, D.; Onorato, G.; Sciacca, C.; Raven, G.; Snoek, H. L.; Jessop, C. P.; Knoepfel, K. J.; Losecco, J. M.; Wang, W. F.; Corwin, L. A.; Honscheid, K.; Kass, R.; Morris, J. P.; Blount, N. L.; Brau, J.; Frey, R.; Igonkina, O.; Kolb, J. A.; Rahmat, R.; Sinev, N. B.; Strom, D.; Strube, J.; Torrence, E.; Castelli, G.; Feltresi, E.; Gagliardi, N.; Margoni, M.; Morandin, M.; Posocco, M.; Rotondo, M.; Simonetto, F.; Stroili, R.; Ben-Haim, E.; Bonneaud, G. R.; Briand, H.; Calderini, G.; Chauveau, J.; Hamon, O.; Leruste, Ph.; Marchiori, G.; Ocariz, J.; Prendki, J.; Sitt, S.; Biasini, M.; Manoni, E.; Rossi, A.; Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Carpinelli, M.; Casarosa, G.; Cervelli, A.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Neri, N.; Paoloni, E.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. J.; Lopes Pegna, D.; Lu, C.; Olsen, J.; Smith, A. J. S.; Telnov, A. V.; Anulli, F.; Baracchini, E.; Cavoto, G.; Faccini, R.; Ferrarotto, F.; Ferroni, F.; Gaspero, M.; Li Gioi, L.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Piredda, G.; Renga, F.; Hartmann, T.; Leddig, T.; Schröder, H.; Waldi, R.; Adye, T.; Franek, B.; Olaiya, E. O.; Wilson, F. F.; Emery, S.; Hamel de Monchenault, G.; Vasseur, G.; Yèche, Ch.; Zito, M.; Allen, M. T.; Aston, D.; Bard, D. J.; Bartoldus, R.; Benitez, J. F.; Cartaro, C.; Convery, M. R.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dunwoodie, W.; Field, R. C.; Franco Sevilla, M.; Fulsom, B. G.; Gabareen, A. M.; Graham, M. T.; Grenier, P.; Hast, C.; Innes, W. R.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, H.; Kim, P.; Kocian, M. L.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Li, S.; Lindquist, B.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; Macfarlane, D. B.; Marsiske, H.; Muller, D. R.; Neal, H.; Nelson, S.; O'Grady, C. P.; Ofte, I.; Perl, M.; Pulliam, T.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Santoro, V.; Schindler, R. H.; Schwiening, J.; Snyder, A.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Sun, S.; Suzuki, K.; Thompson, J. M.; Va'Vra, J.; Wagner, A. P.; Weaver, M.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wittgen, M.; Wright, D. H.; Wulsin, H. W.; Yarritu, A. K.; Young, C. C.; Ziegler, V.; Chen, X. R.; Park, W.; Purohit, M. V.; White, R. M.; Wilson, J. R.; Sekula, S. J.; Bellis, M.; Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Miyashita, T. S.; Ahmed, S.; Alam, M. S.; Ernst, J. A.; Pan, B.; Saeed, M. A.; Zain, S. B.; Guttman, N.; Soffer, A.; Lund, P.; Spanier, S. M.; Eckmann, R.; Ritchie, J. L.; Ruland, A. M.; Schilling, C. J.; Schwitters, R. F.; Wray, B. C.; Izen, J. M.; Lou, X. C.; Bianchi, F.; Gamba, D.; Pelliccioni, M.; Bomben, M.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.; Lopez-March, N.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Oyanguren, A.; Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Choi, H. H. F.; Hamano, K.; King, G. J.; Kowalewski, R.; Lewczuk, M. J.; Lindsay, C.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.; Gershon, T. J.; Harrison, P. F.; Latham, T. E.; Puccio, E. M. T.; Band, H. R.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Pan, Y.; Prepost, R.; Vuosalo, C. O.; Wu, S. L.</p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>We search for single-photon <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the Υ(1S) resonance, Υ→γ+invisible, where the invisible state is either <span class="hlt">a</span> particle of definite mass, such as <span class="hlt">a</span> light Higgs boson <span class="hlt">A</span>0, or <span class="hlt">a</span> pair of dark matter particles, χχ¯. Both <span class="hlt">A</span>0 and χ are assumed to have zero spin. We tag Υ(1S) <span class="hlt">decays</span> with <span class="hlt">a</span> dipion transition Υ(2S)→π+π-Υ(1S) and look for events with <span class="hlt">a</span> single energetic photon and significant missing energy. We find no evidence for such processes in the mass range m<span class="hlt">A</span>0≤9.2GeV and mχ≤<span class="hlt">4.5</span>GeV in the sample of 98×106 Υ(2S) <span class="hlt">decays</span> collected with the BABAR detector and set stringent limits on new physics models that contain light dark matter states.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19019120','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19019120"><span>Inactivation of Escherichia coli in <span class="hlt">a</span> tropical fruit smoothie by <span class="hlt">a</span> combination of <span class="hlt">heat</span> and pulsed electric fields.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Walkling-Ribeiro, M; Noci, F; Cronin, D A; Lyng, J G; Morgan, D J</p> <p>2008-10-01</p> <p>Moderate <span class="hlt">heat</span> in combination with pulsed electric fields (PEF) was investigated as <span class="hlt">a</span> potential alternative to thermal pasteurization of <span class="hlt">a</span> tropical fruit smoothie based on pineapple, banana, and coconut milk, inoculated with Escherichia coli K12. The smoothie was <span class="hlt">heated</span> from 25 degrees C to either <span class="hlt">45</span> or 55 degrees C over 60 s and subsequently cooled to 10 degrees C. PEF was applied at electric field strengths of 24 and 34 kV/cm with specific energy inputs of 350, 500, and 650 kJ/L. Both processing technologies were combined using <span class="hlt">heat</span> (<span class="hlt">45</span> or 55 degrees C) and the most effective set of PEF conditions. Bacterial inactivation was estimated on standard and NaCl-supplemented tryptone soy agar (TSA) to enumerate sublethally injured cells. By increasing the temperature from <span class="hlt">45</span> to 55 degrees C, <span class="hlt">a</span> higher reduction in E. coli numbers (1 compared with 1.7 log(10) colony forming units {CFU} per milliliter, P < 0.05) was achieved. Similarly, as the field strength was increased during stand-alone PEF treatment from 24 to 34 kV/cm, <span class="hlt">a</span> greater number of E. coli cells were inactivated (2.8 compared with 4.2 log(10) CFU/mL, P < 0.05). An increase in <span class="hlt">heating</span> temperature from <span class="hlt">45</span> to 55 degrees C during <span class="hlt">a</span> combined <span class="hlt">heat</span>/PEF hurdle approach induced <span class="hlt">a</span> higher inactivation (5.1 compared with 6.9 log(10) CFU/mL, respectively [P < 0.05]) with the latter value comparable to the bacterial reduction of 6.3 log(10) CFU/mL (P> or = 0.05) achieved by thermal pasteurization (72 degrees C, 15 s). <span class="hlt">A</span> reversed hurdle processing sequence did not affect bacterial inactivation (P> or = 0.05). No differences were observed (P> or = 0.05) between the bacterial counts estimated on nonselective and selective TSA, suggesting that sublethal cell injury did not occur during single PEF treatments or combined <span class="hlt">heat</span>/PEF treatments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/330607','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/330607"><span>Room-temperature fracture in V-(<span class="hlt">4-5</span>)Cr-(<span class="hlt">4-5</span>)Ti tensile specimens irradiated in Fusion-1 BOR-60 experiment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gazda, J.; Meshii, M.; Tsai, H.</p> <p></p> <p>Specimens of V-(<span class="hlt">4-5</span>)Cr-(<span class="hlt">4-5</span>)Ti alloys were irradiated to {approx}18 dpa at 320 C in the Fusion-1 capsule inserted into the BOR-60 reactor. Tensile tests at 23 C indicated dramatic yield strength increase (>300%), lack of work hardening, and minimal (<1%) total elongations. SEM analysis of fracture and side surfaces were conducted to determine reduction in are and the mode of fracture. The reduction of area was negligible. All but one specimen failed by <span class="hlt">a</span> combination of ductile shear deformation and cleavage crack growth. Transgranular cleavage cracks were initiated by stress concentrations at the tips of the shear bands. In side-view observations,more » evidence was found of slip bands typically associated with dislocation channeling. No differences due to pre-irradiation <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatment and <span class="hlt">heat-to-heat</span> composition variations were detected. The only deviation from this behavior was found in V-4Cr-4Ti-B alloy, which failed in the grip portion by complete cleavage cracking.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DNP.KG009W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DNP.KG009W"><span>Waveform Analysis Optimization for the <span class="hlt">45</span>Ca Beta <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Experiment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Whitehead, Ryan; <SUP>45</SUP>Ca Collaboration</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">45</span>Ca experiment is searching for <span class="hlt">a</span> non-zero Fierz interference term, which would imply <span class="hlt">a</span> tensor type contribution to the low-energy weak interaction, possibly signaling Beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) physics. Beta spectrum measurements are being performed at LANL, using the segmented, large area, Si detectors developed for the Nab and UCNB experiments. 109 events have been recorded, with 38 of the 254 pixels instrumented, during the summers of 2016 and 2017. An important step to extracting the energy spectra is the correction of the waveform for pile-up events. <span class="hlt">A</span> set of analysis tools has been developed to address this issue. <span class="hlt">A</span> trapezoidal filter has been characterized and optimized for the experimental waveforms. This filter is primarily used for energy extraction, but, by adjusting certain parameters, it has been modified to identify pile-up events. The efficiency varies with the total energy of the particle and the amount deposited with each detector interaction. Preliminary results of this analysis will be presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037638','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70037638"><span>Hydrothermal <span class="hlt">heat</span> discharge in the Cascade Range, northwestern United States</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Ingebritsen, S.E.; Mariner, R.H.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Hydrothermal <span class="hlt">heat</span> discharge in the Cascade Range includes the <span class="hlt">heat</span> discharged by thermal springs, by "slightly thermal" springs that are only <span class="hlt">a</span> few degrees warmer than ambient temperature, and by fumaroles. Thermal-spring <span class="hlt">heat</span> discharge is calculated on the basis of chloride-flux measurements and geothermometer temperatures and totals ~ 240 MW in the U.S. part of the Cascade Range, excluding the transient post-1980 discharge at Mount St. Helens (~80 MW as of 2004-5). <span class="hlt">Heat</span> discharge from "slightly thermal" springs is based on the degree of geothermal warming (after correction for gravitational potential energy effects) and totals ~. 660. MW. Fumarolic <span class="hlt">heat</span> discharge is calculated by <span class="hlt">a</span> variety of indirect and direct methods and totals ~160 MW, excluding the transient mid-1970s discharge at Mount Baker (~80 MW) and transient post-1980 discharge at Mount St. Helens (>. 230. MW as of 2005). Other than the pronounced transients at Mount St. Helens and Mount Baker, hydrothermal <span class="hlt">heat</span> discharge in the Cascade Range appears to be fairly steady over <span class="hlt">a</span> ~25-year period of measurement. Of the total of ~. 1050. MW of "steady" hydrothermal <span class="hlt">heat</span> discharge identified in the U.S. part of the Cascade Range, less than 50. MW occurs north of latitude <span class="hlt">45</span>??15' N (~0.1 MW per km arc length from <span class="hlt">45</span>??15' to 49??N). Much greater rates of hydrothermal <span class="hlt">heat</span> discharge south of <span class="hlt">45</span>??15'N (~1.7 MW per km arc length from 40?? to <span class="hlt">45</span>??15'N) may reflect the influence of Basin and Range-style extensional tectonics (faulting) that impinges on the Cascades as far north as Mount Jefferson but is not evident farther north. ?? 2010.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radioactive-decay','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radioactive-decay"><span>Radioactive <span class="hlt">Decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> is the emission of energy in the form of ionizing radiation. Example <span class="hlt">decay</span> chains illustrate how radioactive atoms can go through many transformations as they become stable and no longer radioactive.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983PhRvD..27..579G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983PhRvD..27..579G"><span>Flavor-changing Z <span class="hlt">decays</span>: <span class="hlt">A</span> window to ultraheavy quarks?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ganapathi, V.; Weiler, T.; Laermann, E.; Schmitt, I.; Zerwas, P. M.</p> <p>1983-02-01</p> <p>We study flavor-changing Z <span class="hlt">decays</span> into quarks, Z-->Q+q¯, in the standard SU(2)×U(1) theory with sequential generations. Such <span class="hlt">decays</span> occur in higher-order electroweak interactions, with <span class="hlt">a</span> probability growing as the fourth power of the mass of the heaviest (virtual) quark mediating the transition. With the possible exception of Z-->bs¯, these <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes are generally very rare in the three-generation scheme. However, with four generations Z-->b'b¯ is observable if the t' mass is <span class="hlt">a</span> few hundred GeV. Such <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes could thus provide <span class="hlt">a</span> glimpse of the ultraheavy-quark spectrum.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19773627','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19773627"><span>Evaluation of dental care and the prevalence of tooth <span class="hlt">decay</span> among middle-aged and elderly population of Kaunas city.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zubiene, Jurate; Milciuviene, Simona; Klumbiene, Jurate</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and the intensity of tooth <span class="hlt">decay</span> among the middle-aged and elderly population of Kaunas, city, and to assess the need for prostheses as well as the possibilities for oral care. During 2006-2008, we studied 1,141 inhabitants of Kaunas city; the subjects' age was <span class="hlt">45</span>-72 years. Oral evaluation technique proposed by the WHO was used in the investigation. We evaluated the prevalence of tooth <span class="hlt">decay</span>, and its intensity was evaluated using the DMF-T index. We also evaluated dental prostheses, the need for prosthetics, and asked the subjects how they took care of their oral health. The prevalence of tooth <span class="hlt">decay</span> among middle-aged and elderly population of Kaunas city was 99.9%. The DMF-T index was 21.01+/-0.3 in the age group of <span class="hlt">45</span>-54 years, 23.52+/-0.4 - in the age group of 55-64 years, and 25.63+/-0.3 - in the elderly subjects. Full removable dentures were found in 14.0% of the elderly subjects, while 1.0% of the middle-aged subjects and 1.2% of the elderly subjects required full dentures. 57.7% of the subjects aged <span class="hlt">45</span>-54 years, 53.1% of the subjects aged 55-64 years, and 43.4% of the elderly subjects brushed their teeth twice daily. The intensity of tooth <span class="hlt">decay</span> in middle-aged and elderly population of Kaunas city significantly increased with age (21.01-25.63). <span class="hlt">A</span> relationship was found between oral hygiene status and the DMF-T index. In the middle-aged and elderly population of Kaunas city, the intensity of tooth <span class="hlt">decay</span> was significantly lower (DMF-T 23.04%) among those who brushed their teeth twice daily than among those who brushed their teeth once daily or less frequently (DMF-T 24.01%). Reduction of the prevalence of tooth <span class="hlt">decay</span> among middle-aged and elderly population of Kaunas city necessitates alterations in people's attitudes towards dental care, implementation of suitable hygiene habits, and creation and implementation of the dental disease prevention program for adults and the elderly, based on the strategy</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhRvC..90a4320L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhRvC..90a4320L"><span>Low-lying isomeric states in Ga80 from the β- <span class="hlt">decay</span> of Zn80</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Licǎ, R.; Mǎrginean, N.; GhiÅ£ǎ, D. G.; Mach, H.; Fraile, L. M.; Simpson, G. S.; Aprahamian, A.; Bernards, C.; Briz, J. A.; Bucher, B.; Chiara, C. J.; Dlouhý, Z.; Gheorghe, I.; Hoff, P.; Jolie, J.; Köster, U.; Kurcewicz, W.; Mǎrginean, R.; Olaizola, B.; Paziy, V.; Régis, J. M.; Rudigier, M.; Sava, T.; Stǎnoiu, M.; Stroe, L.; Walters, W. B.</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> new level scheme of Ga80 has been determined. This nucleus was populated following the β- <span class="hlt">decay</span> of Zn80 at ISOLDE, CERN. The proposed level scheme is significantly different compared to the previously reported one and contains 26 levels up to 3.4 MeV in excitation energy. The present study establishes that the previously identified 1.9-s β--<span class="hlt">decaying</span> 6- isomer is the ground state of Ga80 and the 1.3-s β--<span class="hlt">decaying</span> 3- isomer lies at an excitation energy of 22.4 keV. <span class="hlt">A</span> new isomeric level was identified at 707.8 keV and its half-life was measured to be 18.3(5) ns, allowing the 685.4-keV transition de-exciting this state to be assigned an M2 multipolarity. The newly measured spectroscopic observables are compared with shell-model calculations using the jj44bpn and JUN<span class="hlt">45</span> interactions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012APhy...58..603K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012APhy...58..603K"><span>Sound <span class="hlt">decay</span> in <span class="hlt">a</span> rectangular room with impedance walls</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kanev, N. G.</p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>The problem of sound <span class="hlt">decay</span> in <span class="hlt">a</span> rectangular room is considered for the case of <span class="hlt">a</span> room with walls the acoustic properties of which are described by the impedance, which implies <span class="hlt">a</span> dependence of the absorption coefficient on the angle of incidence of sound waves. The ray approximation is used to determine the sound <span class="hlt">decay</span> laws for different distributions of wall absorption. It is shown that, in <span class="hlt">a</span> room with impedance walls, the sound <span class="hlt">decay</span> is slower than in the conventional reverberation model, in which the wall absorption coefficient is independent of the angle of incidence. The problem is also solved in the wave approximation to determine the <span class="hlt">decay</span> law for <span class="hlt">a</span> preset frequency band.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1440498-measurement-elastic-precursor-decay-pre-heated-aluminum-films-under-ultra-fast-laser-generated-shocks','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1440498-measurement-elastic-precursor-decay-pre-heated-aluminum-films-under-ultra-fast-laser-generated-shocks"><span>Measurement of elastic precursor <span class="hlt">decay</span> in pre-<span class="hlt">heated</span> aluminum films under ultra-fast laser generated shocks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Zuanetti, Bryan; McGrane, Shawn David; Bolme, Cynthia Anne; ...</p> <p>2018-05-18</p> <p>Here, this article presents results from laser-driven shock compression experiments performed on pre-<span class="hlt">heated</span> pure aluminum films at temperatures ranging from 23 to 400 °C. The samples were vapor deposited on the surface of <span class="hlt">a</span> 500 μm thick sapphire substrate and mounted onto <span class="hlt">a</span> custom holder with an integrated ring-heater to enable variable initial temperature conditions. <span class="hlt">A</span> chirped pulse amplified laser was used to generate <span class="hlt">a</span> pulse for both shocking the films and for probing the free surface velocity using Ultrafast Dynamic Ellipsometry. The particle velocity traces measured at the free surface clearly show elastic and plastic wave separation, which wasmore » used to estimate the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the elastic precursor amplitude over propagation distances ranging from 0.278 to 4.595 μm. Elastic precursors (which also correspond to dynamic material strength under uniaxial strain) of increasing amplitudes were observed with increasing initial sample temperatures for all propagation distances, which is consistent with expectations for aluminum in <span class="hlt">a</span> deformation regime where phonon drag limits the mobility of dislocations. The experimental results show peak elastic amplitudes corresponding to axial stresses of over 7.5 GPa; estimates for plastic strain-rates in the samples are of the order 10 9/s. The measured elastic amplitudes at the micron length scales are compared with those at the millimeter length-scales using <span class="hlt">a</span> two-parameter model and used to correlate the rate sensitivity of the dynamic strength at strain-rates ranging from 10 3 to 10 9/s and elevated temperature conditions. The overall trend, as inferred from the experimental data, indicates that the temperature-strengthening effect decreases with increasing plastic strain-rates.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAP...123s5104Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAP...123s5104Z"><span>Measurement of elastic precursor <span class="hlt">decay</span> in pre-<span class="hlt">heated</span> aluminum films under ultra-fast laser generated shocks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zuanetti, Bryan; McGrane, Shawn D.; Bolme, Cynthia A.; Prakash, Vikas</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>This article presents results from laser-driven shock compression experiments performed on pre-<span class="hlt">heated</span> pure aluminum films at temperatures ranging from 23 to 400 °C. The samples were vapor deposited on the surface of <span class="hlt">a</span> 500 μm thick sapphire substrate and mounted onto <span class="hlt">a</span> custom holder with an integrated ring-heater to enable variable initial temperature conditions. <span class="hlt">A</span> chirped pulse amplified laser was used to generate <span class="hlt">a</span> pulse for both shocking the films and for probing the free surface velocity using Ultrafast Dynamic Ellipsometry. The particle velocity traces measured at the free surface clearly show elastic and plastic wave separation, which was used to estimate the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the elastic precursor amplitude over propagation distances ranging from 0.278 to 4.595 μm. Elastic precursors (which also correspond to dynamic material strength under uniaxial strain) of increasing amplitudes were observed with increasing initial sample temperatures for all propagation distances, which is consistent with expectations for aluminum in <span class="hlt">a</span> deformation regime where phonon drag limits the mobility of dislocations. The experimental results show peak elastic amplitudes corresponding to axial stresses of over 7.5 GPa; estimates for plastic strain-rates in the samples are of the order 109/s. The measured elastic amplitudes at the micron length scales are compared with those at the millimeter length-scales using <span class="hlt">a</span> two-parameter model and used to correlate the rate sensitivity of the dynamic strength at strain-rates ranging from 103 to 109/s and elevated temperature conditions. The overall trend, as inferred from the experimental data, indicates that the temperature-strengthening effect decreases with increasing plastic strain-rates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1440498-measurement-elastic-precursor-decay-pre-heated-aluminum-films-under-ultra-fast-laser-generated-shocks','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1440498-measurement-elastic-precursor-decay-pre-heated-aluminum-films-under-ultra-fast-laser-generated-shocks"><span>Measurement of elastic precursor <span class="hlt">decay</span> in pre-<span class="hlt">heated</span> aluminum films under ultra-fast laser generated shocks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zuanetti, Bryan; McGrane, Shawn David; Bolme, Cynthia Anne</p> <p></p> <p>Here, this article presents results from laser-driven shock compression experiments performed on pre-<span class="hlt">heated</span> pure aluminum films at temperatures ranging from 23 to 400 °C. The samples were vapor deposited on the surface of <span class="hlt">a</span> 500 μm thick sapphire substrate and mounted onto <span class="hlt">a</span> custom holder with an integrated ring-heater to enable variable initial temperature conditions. <span class="hlt">A</span> chirped pulse amplified laser was used to generate <span class="hlt">a</span> pulse for both shocking the films and for probing the free surface velocity using Ultrafast Dynamic Ellipsometry. The particle velocity traces measured at the free surface clearly show elastic and plastic wave separation, which wasmore » used to estimate the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the elastic precursor amplitude over propagation distances ranging from 0.278 to 4.595 μm. Elastic precursors (which also correspond to dynamic material strength under uniaxial strain) of increasing amplitudes were observed with increasing initial sample temperatures for all propagation distances, which is consistent with expectations for aluminum in <span class="hlt">a</span> deformation regime where phonon drag limits the mobility of dislocations. The experimental results show peak elastic amplitudes corresponding to axial stresses of over 7.5 GPa; estimates for plastic strain-rates in the samples are of the order 10 9/s. The measured elastic amplitudes at the micron length scales are compared with those at the millimeter length-scales using <span class="hlt">a</span> two-parameter model and used to correlate the rate sensitivity of the dynamic strength at strain-rates ranging from 10 3 to 10 9/s and elevated temperature conditions. The overall trend, as inferred from the experimental data, indicates that the temperature-strengthening effect decreases with increasing plastic strain-rates.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25166792','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25166792"><span>Search for resonant top-antitop production in the lepton plus jets <span class="hlt">decay</span> mode using the full CDF data set.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aaltonen, T; Amerio, S; Amidei, D; Anastassov, A; Annovi, A; Antos, J; Apollinari, G; Appel, J A; Arisawa, T; Artikov, A; Asaadi, J; Ashmanskas, W; Auerbach, B; Aurisano, A; Azfar, F; Badgett, W; Bae, T; Barbaro-Galtieri, A; Barnes, V E; Barnett, B A; Barria, P; Bartos, P; Bauce, M; Bedeschi, F; Behari, S; Bellettini, G; Bellinger, J; Benjamin, D; Beretvas, A; Bhatti, A; Bland, K R; Blumenfeld, B; Bocci, A; Bodek, A; Bortoletto, D; Boudreau, J; Boveia, A; Brigliadori, L; Bromberg, C; Brucken, E; Budagov, J; Budd, H S; Burkett, K; Busetto, G; Bussey, P; Butti, P; Buzatu, A; Calamba, A; Camarda, S; Campanelli, M; Canelli, F; Carls, B; Carlsmith, D; Carosi, R; Carrillo, S; Casal, B; Casarsa, M; Castro, A; Catastini, P; Cauz, D; Cavaliere, V; Cavalli-Sforza, M; Cerri, A; Cerrito, L; Chen, Y C; Chertok, M; Chiarelli, G; Chlachidze, G; Cho, K; Chokheli, D; Ciocci, M A; Clark, A; Clarke, C; Convery, M E; Conway, J; Corbo, M; Cordelli, M; Cox, C A; Cox, D J; Cremonesi, M; Cruz, D; Cuevas, J; Culbertson, R; d'Ascenzo, N; Datta, M; De Barbaro, P; Demortier, L; Deninno, M; Devoto, F; d'Errico, M; Di Canto, A; Di Ruzza, B; Dittmann, J R; D'Onofrio, M; Donati, S; Dorigo, M; Driutti, A; Ebina, K; Edgar, R; Elagin, A; Erbacher, R; Errede, S; Esham, B; Eusebi, R; Farrington, S; Fernández Ramos, J P; Field, R; Flanagan, G; Forrest, R; Franklin, M; Freeman, J C; Frisch, H; Funakoshi, Y; Garfinkel, A F; Garosi, P; Gerberich, H; Gerchtein, E; Giagu, S; Giakoumopoulou, V; Gibson, K; Ginsburg, C M; Giokaris, N; Giromini, P; Giurgiu, G; Glagolev, V; Glenzinski, D; Gold, M; Goldin, D; Golossanov, A; Gomez, G; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Goncharov, M; González López, O; Gorelov, I; Goshaw, A T; Goulianos, K; Gramellini, E; Grinstein, S; Grosso-Pilcher, C; Group, R C; Guimaraes da Costa, J; Hahn, S R; Han, J Y; Happacher, F; Hara, K; Hare, M; Harr, R F; Harrington-Taber, T; Hatakeyama, K; Hays, C; Heinrich, J; Herndon, M; Hocker, A; Hong, Z; Hopkins, W; Hou, S; Hughes, R E; Husemann, U; Hussein, M; Huston, J; Introzzi, G; Iori, M; Ivanov, A; James, E; Jang, D; Jayatilaka, B; Jeon, E J; Jindariani, S; Jones, M; Joo, K K; Jun, S Y; Junk, T R; Kambeitz, M; Kamon, T; Karchin, P E; Kasmi, A; Kato, Y; Ketchum, W; Keung, J; Kilminster, B; Kim, D H; Kim, H S; Kim, J E; Kim, M J; Kim, S B; Kim, S H; Kim, Y K; Kim, Y J; Kimura, N; Kirby, M; Knoepfel, K; Kondo, K; Kong, D J; Konigsberg, J; Kotwal, A V; Kreps, M; Kroll, J; Kruse, M; Kuhr, T; Kurata, M; Laasanen, A T; Lammel, S; Lancaster, M; Lannon, K; Latino, G; Lee, H S; Lee, J S; Leo, S; Leone, S; Lewis, J D; Limosani, A; Lipeles, E; Liu, H; Liu, Q; Liu, T; Lockwitz, S; Loginov, A; Lucchesi, D; Lueck, J; Lujan, P; Lukens, P; Lungu, G; Lys, J; Lysak, R; Madrak, R; Maestro, P; Malik, S; Manca, G; Manousakis-Katsikakis, A; Margaroli, F; Marino, P; Martínez, M; Matera, K; Mattson, M E; Mazzacane, A; Mazzanti, P; McNulty, R; Mehta, A; Mehtala, P; Mesropian, C; Miao, T; Mietlicki, D; Mitra, A; Miyake, H; Moed, S; Moggi, N; Moon, C S; Moore, R; Morello, M J; Mukherjee, A; Muller, Th; Murat, P; Mussini, M; Nachtman, J; Nagai, Y; Naganoma, J; Nakano, I; Napier, A; Nett, J; Neu, C; Nigmanov, T; Nodulman, L; Noh, S Y; Norniella, O; Oakes, L; Oh, S H; Oh, Y D; Oksuzian, I; Okusawa, T; Orava, R; Ortolan, L; Pagliarone, C; Palencia, E; Palni, P; Papadimitriou, V; Parker, W; Pauletta, G; Paulini, M; Paus, C; Phillips, T J; Piacentino, G; Pianori, E; Pilot, J; Pitts, K; Plager, C; Pondrom, L; Poprocki, S; Potamianos, K; Prokoshin, F; Pranko, A; Ptohos, F; Punzi, G; Ranjan, N; Redondo Fernández, I; Renton, P; Rescigno, M; Riddick, T; Rimondi, F; Ristori, L; Robson, A; Rodriguez, T; Rolli, S; Ronzani, M; Roser, R; Rosner, J L; Ruffini, F; Ruiz, A; Russ, J; Rusu, V; Safonov, A; Sakumoto, W K; Sakurai, Y; Santi, L; Sato, K; Saveliev, V; Savoy-Navarro, A; Schlabach, P; Schmidt, E E; Schwarz, T; Scodellaro, L; Scuri, F; Seidel, S; Seiya, Y; Semenov, A; Sforza, F; Shalhout, S Z; Shears, T; Shepard, P F; Shimojima, M; Shochet, M; Shreyber-Tecker, I; Simonenko, A; Sinervo, P; Sliwa, K; Smith, J R; Snider, F D; Sorin, V; Song, H; Stancari, M; St Denis, R; Stelzer, B; Stelzer-Chilton, O; Stentz, D; Strologas, J; Sudo, Y; Sukhanov, A; Suslov, I; Takemasa, K; Takeuchi, Y; Tang, J; Tecchio, M; Teng, P K; Thom, J; Thomson, E; Thukral, V; Toback, D; Tokar, S; Tollefson, K; Tomura, T; Tonelli, D; Torre, S; Torretta, D; Totaro, P; Trovato, M; Ukegawa, F; Uozumi, S; Vázquez, F; Velev, G; Vellidis, C; Vernieri, C; Vidal, M; Vilar, R; Vizán, J; Vogel, M; Volpi, G; Wagner, P; Wallny, R; Wang, S M; Warburton, A; Waters, D; Wester, W C; Whiteson, D; Wicklund, A B; Wilbur, S; Williams, H H; Wilson, J S; Wilson, P; Winer, B L; Wittich, P; Wolbers, S; Wolfe, H; Wright, T; Wu, X; Wu, Z; Yamamoto, K; Yamato, D; Yang, T; Yang, U K; Yang, Y C; Yao, W-M; Yeh, G P; Yi, K; Yoh, J; Yorita, K; Yoshida, T; Yu, G B; Yu, I; Zanetti, A M; Zeng, Y; Zhou, C; Zucchelli, S</p> <p>2013-03-22</p> <p>This Letter reports <span class="hlt">a</span> search for <span class="hlt">a</span> narrow resonant state <span class="hlt">decaying</span> into two W bosons and two b quarks where one W boson <span class="hlt">decays</span> leptonically and the other <span class="hlt">decays</span> into <span class="hlt">a</span> quark-antiquark pair. The search is particularly sensitive to top-antitop resonant production. We use the full data sample of proton-antiproton collisions at <span class="hlt">a</span> center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.<span class="hlt">45</span> fb(-1). No evidence for resonant production is found, and upper limits on the production cross section times branching ratio for <span class="hlt">a</span> narrow resonant state are extracted. Within <span class="hlt">a</span> specific benchmark model, we exclude <span class="hlt">a</span> Z' boson with mass, M(Z'), below 915 GeV/c(2) <span class="hlt">decaying</span> into <span class="hlt">a</span> top-antitop pair at the 95% credibility level assuming <span class="hlt">a</span> Z' boson <span class="hlt">decay</span> width of Γ(Z') = 0.012 M(Z'). This is the most sensitive search for <span class="hlt">a</span> narrow qq-initiated tt resonance in the mass region below 750 GeV/c(2).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMSM43B1760R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMSM43B1760R"><span>Experimental tests of the von Karman self-preservation hypothesis: <span class="hlt">decay</span> of an electron plasma to <span class="hlt">a</span> near-maximum entropy state</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rodgers, D.; Servidio, S.; Matthaeus, W. H.; Montgomery, D.; Mitchell, T.; Aziz, T.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>The self-preservation hypothesis of von Karman [1] implies that in three dimensiolnal turbulence the energy E <span class="hlt">decays</span> as dE/dt = - <span class="hlt">a</span> Z^3/L, where <span class="hlt">a</span> is <span class="hlt">a</span> constant, Z is the turbulence amplitude and L is <span class="hlt">a</span> simlarity length scale. Extensions of this idea to MHD [2] has been of great utility in solar wind and coronal <span class="hlt">heating</span> studies. Here we conduct an experimental study of this idea in the context of two dimensional electron plasma turbulence. In particular, we examine the time evolution that leads to dynamical relaxation of <span class="hlt">a</span> pure electron plasma in <span class="hlt">a</span> Malmberg-Penning (MP) trap, comparing experiments and statistical theories of weakly dissipative two-dimensional (2D) turbulence [3]. <span class="hlt">A</span> formulation of von Karman-Howarth (vKH) self-preserving <span class="hlt">decay</span> is presented for <span class="hlt">a</span> 2D positive-vorticity fluid, <span class="hlt">a</span> system that corresponds closely to <span class="hlt">a</span> 2D electron ExB drift plasma. When the enstrophy of the meta-stable equilibrium is accounted for, the enstrophy <span class="hlt">decay</span> follows the predicted vKH <span class="hlt">decay</span> for <span class="hlt">a</span> variety of initial conditions in the MP experiment. Statistical analysis favors <span class="hlt">a</span> theoretical picture of relaxation to <span class="hlt">a</span> near-maximum entropy state, evidently driven by <span class="hlt">a</span> self-preserving <span class="hlt">decay</span> of enstrophy. [1] T. de Karman and L. Howarth, Proc. Roy. Soc Lon. <span class="hlt">A</span>, 164, 192, 1938. [2] W. H. Matthaeus, G. P. Zank, and S. Oughton. J. Plas. Phys., 56:659, 1996. [3] D. J. Rodgers, S. Servidio, W. H. Matthaeus, D. C. Montgomery, T. B. Mitchell, and T. Aziz. Phys. Rev. Lett., 102(24):244501, 2009.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26911160','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26911160"><span>Coleoptera Associated with <span class="hlt">Decaying</span> Wood in <span class="hlt">a</span> Tropical Deciduous Forest.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Muñoz-López, N Z; Andrés-Hernández, A R; Carrillo-Ruiz, H; Rivas-Arancibia, S P</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>Coleoptera is the largest and diverse group of organisms, but few studies are dedicated to determine the diversity and feeding guilds of saproxylic Coleoptera. We demonstrate the diversity, abundance, feeding guilds, and succession process of Coleoptera associated with <span class="hlt">decaying</span> wood in <span class="hlt">a</span> tropical deciduous forest in the Mixteca Poblana, Mexico. <span class="hlt">Decaying</span> wood was sampled and classified into four stages of <span class="hlt">decay</span>, and the associated Coleoptera. The wood was identified according to their anatomy. Diversity was estimated using the Simpson index, while abundance was estimated using <span class="hlt">a</span> Kruskal-Wallis test; the association of Coleoptera with wood species and <span class="hlt">decay</span> was assessed using canonical correspondence analysis. <span class="hlt">Decay</span> wood stage I is the most abundant (51%), followed by stage III (21%). We collected 93 Coleoptera belonging to 14 families, 41 genera, and 44 species. The family Cerambycidae was the most abundant, with 29% of individuals, followed by Tenebrionidae with 27% and Carabidae with 13%. We recognized six feeding guilds. The greatest diversity of Coleoptera was recorded in <span class="hlt">decaying</span> Acacia farnesiana and Bursera linanoe. Kruskal-Wallis analysis indicated that the abundance of Coleoptera varied according to the species and stage of <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the wood. The canonical analysis showed that the species and stage of <span class="hlt">decay</span> of wood determined the composition and community structure of Coleoptera.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/19326','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/19326"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> First Look at Tree <span class="hlt">Decay</span>: An Introduction to How Injury and <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Affect Trees</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Kevin T Smith; Walter C. Shortle</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>Photosynthesis and <span class="hlt">decay</span> are the two most essential processes in nature. Photosynthesis by green plants captures and stores energy from the sun. This energy is used to form wood and other tree parts. Photosynthesis also removes carbon dioxide and adds oxygen to the atmosphere. <span class="hlt">Decay</span> releases stored energy and essential elements by the breakdown...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997AIPC..403..289W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997AIPC..403..289W"><span><span class="hlt">Heating</span> and current drive on NSTX</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wilson, J. R.; Batchelor, D.; Carter, M.; Hosea, J.; Ignat, D.; LeBlanc, B.; Majeski, R.; Ono, M.; Phillips, C. K.; Rogers, J. H.; Schilling, G.</p> <p>1997-04-01</p> <p>Low aspect ratio tokamaks pose interesting new challenges for <span class="hlt">heating</span> and current drive. The NSTX (National Spherical Tokamak Experiment) device to be built at Princeton is <span class="hlt">a</span> low aspect ratio toroidal device that has the achievement of high toroidal beta (˜<span class="hlt">45</span>%) and non-inductive operation as two of its main research goals. To achieve these goals significant auxiliary <span class="hlt">heating</span> and current drive systems are required. Present plans include ECH (Electron cyclotron <span class="hlt">heating</span>) for pre-ionization and start-up assist, HHFW (high harmonic fast wave) for <span class="hlt">heating</span> and current drive and eventually NBI (neutral beam injection) for <span class="hlt">heating</span>, current drive and plasma rotation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyC..550...99J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyC..550...99J"><span>Thermal stability analysis of <span class="hlt">a</span> superconducting magnet considering <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow between magnet surface and liquid helium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jang, J. Y.; Hwang, Y. J.; Ahn, M. C.; Choi, Y. S.</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>This paper represents <span class="hlt">a</span> numerical calculation method that enables highly-accurate simulations on temperature analysis of superconducting magnets considering the <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow between the magnet and liquid helium during <span class="hlt">a</span> quench. <span class="hlt">A</span> three-dimensional (3D) superconducting magnet space was divided into many cells and the finite-difference method (FDM) was adopted to calculate the superconducting magnet temperatures governed by the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer and joule <span class="hlt">heating</span> of the each cell during <span class="hlt">a</span> quench. To enhance the accuracy of the temperature calculations during <span class="hlt">a</span> quench, the <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow between the superconducting magnet surface and liquid helium, which lowers the magnet temperatures, was considered in this work. The electrical equation coupled with the governing thermal equation was also applied to calculate the change of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the magnet current related to the joule <span class="hlt">heating</span>. The proposed FDM method for temperatures calculation of <span class="hlt">a</span> superconducting magnet during <span class="hlt">a</span> quench process achieved results that were in good agreement with those obtained from an experiment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Heat+AND+transfer&id=EJ1032824','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Heat+AND+transfer&id=EJ1032824"><span>Measurement of the Convective <span class="hlt">Heat</span>-Transfer Coefficient</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Conti, Rosaria; Gallitto, Aurelio Agliolo; Fiordilino, Emilio</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>We propose an experiment for investigating how objects cool down toward the thermal equilibrium with their surroundings. We describe the time dependence of the temperature difference of the cooling objects and the environment with an exponential <span class="hlt">decay</span> function. By measuring the thermal constant t, we determine the convective <span class="hlt">heat</span>-transfer…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.8596G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.8596G"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> assessment through thermographic analysis in architectural and archaeological heritage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gomez-Heras, Miguel; Martinez-Perez, Laura; Fort, Rafael; Alvarez de Buergo, Monica</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>Any exposed stone-built structure is subject to thermal variations due to daily, seasonal and secular environmental temperature changes. Surface temperature is <span class="hlt">a</span> function of air temperature (due to convective <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer) and of infrared radiation received through insolation. While convective <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer homogenizes surface temperature, stone response to insolation is much more complex and the temporal and spatial temperature differences across structures are enhanced. Surface temperature in stone-built structures will be affected by orientation, sunlight inclination and the complex patterns of light and shadows generated by the often intricate morphology of historical artefacts and structures. Surface temperature will also be affected by different material properties, such as albedo, thermal conductivity, transparency and absorbance to infrared radiation of minerals and rocks. Moisture and the occurrence of salts will also be <span class="hlt">a</span> factor affecting surface temperatures. Surface temperatures may as well be affected by physical disruptions of rocks due to differences in thermal inertia generated by cracks and other discontinuities. Thermography is <span class="hlt">a</span> non-invasive, non-destructive technique that measures temperature variations on the surface of <span class="hlt">a</span> material. With this technique, surface temperature rates of change and their spatial variations can be analysed. This analysis may be used not only to evaluate the incidence of thermal <span class="hlt">decay</span> as <span class="hlt">a</span> factor that generates or enhances stone <span class="hlt">decay</span>, but also to detect and evaluate other factors that affect the state of conservation of architectural and archaeological heritage, as for example moisture, salts or mechanical disruptions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Icar..243..274F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Icar..243..274F"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> radiogenic <span class="hlt">heating</span> evolution model for cosmochemically Earth-like exoplanets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frank, Elizabeth A.; Meyer, Bradley S.; Mojzsis, Stephen J.</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>Discoveries of rocky worlds around other stars have inspired diverse geophysical models of their plausible structures and tectonic regimes. Severe limitations of observable properties require many inexact assumptions about key geophysical characteristics of these planets. We present the output of an analytical galactic chemical evolution (GCE) model that quantitatively constrains one of those key properties: radiogenic <span class="hlt">heating</span>. Earth's radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> generation has evolved since its formation, and the same will apply to exoplanets. We have fit simulations of the chemical evolution of the interstellar medium in the solar annulus to the chemistry of our Solar System at the time of its formation and then applied the carbonaceous chondrite/Earth's mantle ratio to determine the chemical composition of what we term ;cosmochemically Earth-like; exoplanets. Through this approach, predictions of exoplanet radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> productions as <span class="hlt">a</span> function of age have been derived. The results show that the later <span class="hlt">a</span> planet forms in galactic history, the less radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> it begins with; however, due to radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span>, today, old planets have lower <span class="hlt">heat</span> outputs per unit mass than newly formed worlds. The long half-life of 232Th allows it to continue providing <span class="hlt">a</span> small amount of <span class="hlt">heat</span> in even the most ancient planets, while 40K dominates <span class="hlt">heating</span> in young worlds. Through constraining the age-dependent <span class="hlt">heat</span> production in exoplanets, we can infer that younger, hotter rocky planets are more likely to be geologically active and therefore able to sustain the crustal recycling (e.g. plate tectonics) that may be <span class="hlt">a</span> requirement for long-term biosphere habitability. In the search for Earth-like planets, the focus should be made on stars within <span class="hlt">a</span> billion years or so of the Sun's age.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NW....101..679B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NW....101..679B"><span>Hot bats: extreme thermal tolerance in <span class="hlt">a</span> desert <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bondarenco, Artiom; Körtner, Gerhard; Geiser, Fritz</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>Climate change is predicted to increase temperature extremes and thus thermal stress on organisms. Animals living in hot deserts are already exposed to high ambient temperatures ( T <span class="hlt">a</span>) making them especially vulnerable to further warming. However, little is known about the effect of extreme <span class="hlt">heat</span> events on small desert mammals, especially tree-roosting microbats that are not strongly protected from environmental temperature fluctuations. During <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave with record T as at Sturt National Park, we quantified the thermal physiology and behaviour of <span class="hlt">a</span> single free-ranging little broad-nosed ( Scotorepens greyii, henceforth Scotorepens) and two inland freetail bats ( Mormopterus species 3, henceforth Mormopterus) using temperature telemetry over 3 days. On 11 and 13 January, maximum T <span class="hlt">a</span> was ˜<span class="hlt">45</span>.0 °C, and all monitored bats were thermoconforming. On 12 January 2013, when T <span class="hlt">a</span> exceeded 48.0 °C, Scotorepens abandoned its poorly insulated roost during the daytime, whereas both Mormopterus remained in their better insulated roosts and were mostly thermoconforming. Maximum skin temperatures ( T skin) ranged from 44.0 to 44.3 °C in Scotorepens and from 40.0 to <span class="hlt">45</span>.8 °C in Mormopterus, and these are the highest T skin values reported for any free-ranging bat. Our study provides the first evidence of extensive <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance in free-ranging desert microbats. It shows that these bats can tolerate the most extreme T skin range known for mammals (3.3 to <span class="hlt">45</span>.8 °C) and delay regulation of T skin by thermoconforming over <span class="hlt">a</span> wide temperature range and thus decrease the risks of dehydration and consequently death.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25005222','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25005222"><span>Hot bats: extreme thermal tolerance in <span class="hlt">a</span> desert <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bondarenco, Artiom; Körtner, Gerhard; Geiser, Fritz</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>Climate change is predicted to increase temperature extremes and thus thermal stress on organisms. Animals living in hot deserts are already exposed to high ambient temperatures (T <span class="hlt">a</span>) making them especially vulnerable to further warming. However, little is known about the effect of extreme <span class="hlt">heat</span> events on small desert mammals, especially tree-roosting microbats that are not strongly protected from environmental temperature fluctuations. During <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave with record T as at Sturt National Park, we quantified the thermal physiology and behaviour of <span class="hlt">a</span> single free-ranging little broad-nosed (Scotorepens greyii, henceforth Scotorepens) and two inland freetail bats (Mormopterus species 3, henceforth Mormopterus) using temperature telemetry over 3 days. On 11 and 13 January, maximum T <span class="hlt">a</span> was ∼<span class="hlt">45</span>.0 °C, and all monitored bats were thermoconforming. On 12 January 2013, when T <span class="hlt">a</span> exceeded 48.0 °C, Scotorepens abandoned its poorly insulated roost during the daytime, whereas both Mormopterus remained in their better insulated roosts and were mostly thermoconforming. Maximum skin temperatures (T skin) ranged from 44.0 to 44.3 °C in Scotorepens and from 40.0 to <span class="hlt">45</span>.8 °C in Mormopterus, and these are the highest T skin values reported for any free-ranging bat. Our study provides the first evidence of extensive <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance in free-ranging desert microbats. It shows that these bats can tolerate the most extreme T skin range known for mammals (3.3 to <span class="hlt">45</span>.8 °C) and delay regulation of T skin by thermoconforming over <span class="hlt">a</span> wide temperature range and thus decrease the risks of dehydration and consequently death.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018HMT....54.1145P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018HMT....54.1145P"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> transfer direction dependence of <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer coefficients in annuli</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Prinsloo, Francois P. A.; Dirker, Jaco; Meyer, Josua P.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>In this experimental study the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer phenomena in concentric annuli in tube-in-tube <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchangers at different annular Reynolds numbers, annular diameter ratios, and inlet fluid temperatures using water were considered. Turbulent flow with Reynolds numbers ranging from 15,000 to <span class="hlt">45</span>,000, based on the average bulk fluid temperature was tested at annular diameter ratios of 0.327, 0.386, 0.409 and 0.483 with hydraulic diameters of 17.00, 22.98, 20.20 and 26.18 mm respectively. Both <span class="hlt">heated</span> and cooled annuli were investigated by conducting tests at <span class="hlt">a</span> range of inlet temperatures between 10 °C to 30 °C for <span class="hlt">heating</span> cases, and 30 °C to 50 °C for cooling cases. Of special interest was the direct measurement of local wall temperatures on the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer surface, which is often difficult to obtain and evasive in data-sets. Continuous verification and re-evaluation of temperatures measurements were performed via in-situ calibration. It is shown that inlet fluid temperature and the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer direction play significant roles on the magnitude of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer coefficient. <span class="hlt">A</span> new adjusted Colburn j-factor definition is presented to describe the <span class="hlt">heating</span> and cooling cases and is used to correlate the 894 test cases considered in this study.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1362016-dispersive-treatment-k4-decays','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1362016-dispersive-treatment-k4-decays"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> dispersive treatment of K ι4 <span class="hlt">decays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Stoffer, Peter; Colangelo, Gilberto; Passemar, Emilie</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>K ι4 <span class="hlt">decays</span> have several features of interest: they allow an accurate measurement of ππ-scattering lengths; the <span class="hlt">decay</span> is the best source for the determination of some low-energy constants of chiral perturbation theory (χPT); one form factor of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> is connected to the chiral anomaly. Here, we present the results of our dispersive analysis of K ι4 <span class="hlt">decays</span>, which provides <span class="hlt">a</span> resummation of ππ- and Kπ-rescattering effects. The free parameters of the dispersion relation are fitted to the data of the high-statistics experiments E865 and NA48/2. By matching to χPT at NLO and NNLO, we determine the low-energy constantsmore » and L r 1, L r 2, and L r 3. In contrast to <span class="hlt">a</span> pure chiral treatment, the dispersion relation describes the observed curvature of one of the K ι4 form factors, which we understand as an effect of rescattering beyond NNLO.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JHEP...01..079K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JHEP...01..079K"><span>Search for <span class="hlt">a</span> very light NMSSM Higgs boson produced in <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the 125 GeV scalar boson and <span class="hlt">decaying</span> into τ leptons in pp collisions at √{s}=8 TeV</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Asilar, E.; Bergauer, T.; Brandstetter, J.; Brondolin, E.; Dragicevic, M.; Erö, J.; Flechl, M.; Friedl, M.; Frühwirth, R.; Ghete, V. M.; Hartl, C.; Hörmann, N.; Hrubec, J.; Jeitler, M.; Knünz, V.; König, A.; Krammer, M.; Krätschmer, I.; Liko, D.; Matsushita, T.; Mikulec, I.; Rabady, D.; Rahbaran, B.; Rohringer, H.; Schieck, J.; Schöfbeck, R.; Strauss, J.; Treberer-Treberspurg, W.; Waltenberger, W.; Wulz, C.-E.; Mossolov, V.; Shumeiko, N.; Suarez Gonzalez, J.; Alderweireldt, S.; Cornelis, T.; de Wolf, E. A.; Janssen, X.; Knutsson, A.; Lauwers, J.; Luyckx, S.; Rougny, R.; van de Klundert, M.; van Haevermaet, H.; van Mechelen, P.; van Remortel, N.; van Spilbeeck, A.; Abu Zeid, S.; Blekman, F.; D'Hondt, J.; Daci, N.; de Bruyn, I.; Deroover, K.; Heracleous, N.; Keaveney, J.; Lowette, S.; Moreels, L.; Olbrechts, A.; Python, Q.; Strom, D.; Tavernier, S.; van Doninck, W.; van Mulders, P.; van Onsem, G. P.; van Parijs, I.; Barria, P.; Brun, H.; Caillol, C.; Clerbaux, B.; de Lentdecker, G.; Fasanella, G.; Favart, L.; Grebenyuk, A.; Karapostoli, G.; Lenzi, T.; Léonard, A.; Maerschalk, T.; Marinov, A.; Perniè, L.; Randle-Conde, A.; Reis, T.; Seva, T.; Vander Velde, C.; Vanlaer, P.; Yonamine, R.; Zenoni, F.; Zhang, F.; Beernaert, K.; Benucci, L.; Cimmino, A.; Crucy, S.; Dobur, D.; Fagot, A.; Garcia, G.; Gul, M.; McCartin, J.; Ocampo Rios, A. A.; Poyraz, D.; Ryckbosch, D.; Salva, S.; Sigamani, M.; Strobbe, N.; Tytgat, M.; van Driessche, W.; Yazgan, E.; Zaganidis, N.; Basegmez, S.; Beluffi, C.; Bondu, O.; Brochet, S.; Bruno, G.; Caudron, A.; Ceard, L.; da Silveira, G. G.; Delaere, C.; Favart, D.; Forthomme, L.; Giammanco, A.; Hollar, J.; Jafari, A.; Jez, P.; Komm, M.; Lemaitre, V.; Mertens, A.; Nuttens, C.; Perrini, L.; Pin, A.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Popov, A.; Quertenmont, L.; Selvaggi, M.; Vidal Marono, M.; Beliy, N.; Hammad, G. H.; Aldá Júnior, W. L.; Alves, G. A.; Brito, L.; Correa Martins Junior, M.; Hamer, M.; Hensel, C.; Mora Herrera, C.; Moraes, A.; Pol, M. E.; Rebello Teles, P.; Belchior Batista Das Chagas, E.; Carvalho, W.; Chinellato, J.; Custódio, A.; da Costa, E. M.; de Jesus Damiao, D.; de Oliveira Martins, C.; Fonseca de Souza, S.; Huertas Guativa, L. M.; Malbouisson, H.; Matos Figueiredo, D.; Mundim, L.; Nogima, H.; Prado da Silva, W. L.; Santoro, A.; Sznajder, A.; Tonelli Manganote, E. J.; Vilela Pereira, A.; Ahuja, S.; Bernardes, C. A.; de Souza Santos, A.; Dogra, S.; Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R.; Gregores, E. M.; Mercadante, P. G.; Moon, C. S.; Novaes, S. F.; Padula, Sandra S.; Romero Abad, D.; Ruiz Vargas, J. C.; Aleksandrov, A.; Hadjiiska, R.; Iaydjiev, P.; Rodozov, M.; Stoykova, S.; Sultanov, G.; Vutova, M.; Dimitrov, A.; Glushkov, I.; Litov, L.; Pavlov, B.; Petkov, P.; Ahmad, M.; Bian, J. G.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, M.; Cheng, T.; Du, R.; Jiang, C. H.; Plestina, R.; Romeo, F.; Shaheen, S. M.; Tao, J.; Wang, C.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, H.; Asawatangtrakuldee, C.; Ban, Y.; Li, Q.; Liu, S.; Mao, Y.; Qian, S. J.; Wang, D.; Xu, Z.; Avila, C.; Cabrera, A.; Chaparro Sierra, L. F.; Florez, C.; Gomez, J. P.; Gomez Moreno, B.; Sanabria, J. C.; Godinovic, N.; Lelas, D.; Puljak, I.; Ribeiro Cipriano, P. M.; Antunovic, Z.; Kovac, M.; Brigljevic, V.; Kadija, K.; Luetic, J.; Micanovic, S.; Sudic, L.; Attikis, A.; Mavromanolakis, G.; Mousa, J.; Nicolaou, C.; Ptochos, F.; Razis, P. A.; Rykaczewski, H.; Bodlak, M.; Finger, M.; Finger, M.; Abdelalim, A. A.; Awad, A.; Mahrous, A.; Radi, A.; Calpas, B.; Kadastik, M.; Murumaa, M.; Raidal, M.; Tiko, A.; Veelken, C.; Eerola, P.; Pekkanen, J.; Voutilainen, M.; Härkönen, J.; Karimäki, V.; Kinnunen, R.; Lampén, T.; Lassila-Perini, K.; Lehti, S.; Lindén, T.; Luukka, P.; Mäenpää, T.; Peltola, T.; Tuominen, E.; Tuominiemi, J.; Tuovinen, E.; Wendland, L.; Talvitie, J.; Tuuva, T.; Besancon, M.; Couderc, F.; Dejardin, M.; Denegri, D.; Fabbro, B.; Faure, J. L.; Favaro, C.; Ferri, F.; Ganjour, S.; Givernaud, A.; Gras, P.; Hamel de Monchenault, G.; Jarry, P.; Locci, E.; Machet, M.; Malcles, J.; Rander, J.; Rosowsky, A.; Titov, M.; Zghiche, A.; Antropov, I.; Baffioni, S.; Beaudette, F.; Busson, P.; Cadamuro, L.; Chapon, E.; Charlot, C.; Dahms, T.; Davignon, O.; Filipovic, N.; Florent, A.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Lisniak, S.; Mastrolorenzo, L.; Miné, P.; Naranjo, I. N.; Nguyen, M.; Ochando, C.; Ortona, G.; Paganini, P.; Pigard, P.; Regnard, S.; Salerno, R.; Sauvan, J. B.; Sirois, Y.; Strebler, T.; Yilmaz, Y.; Zabi, A.; Agram, J.-L.; Andrea, J.; Aubin, A.; Bloch, D.; Brom, J.-M.; Buttignol, M.; Chabert, E. C.; Chanon, N.; Collard, C.; Conte, E.; Coubez, X.; Fontaine, J.-C.; Gelé, D.; Goerlach, U.; Goetzmann, C.; Le Bihan, A.-C.; Merlin, J. A.; Skovpen, K.; van Hove, P.; Gadrat, S.; Beauceron, S.; Bernet, C.; Boudoul, G.; Bouvier, E.; Carrillo Montoya, C. A.; Chierici, R.; Contardo, D.; Courbon, B.; Depasse, P.; El Mamouni, H.; Fan, J.; Fay, J.; Gascon, S.; Gouzevitch, M.; Ille, B.; Lagarde, F.; Laktineh, I. B.; Lethuillier, M.; Mirabito, L.; Pequegnot, A. L.; Perries, S.; Ruiz Alvarez, J. D.; Sabes, D.; Sgandurra, L.; Sordini, V.; Vander Donckt, M.; Verdier, P.; Viret, S.; Toriashvili, T.; Tsamalaidze, Z.; Autermann, C.; Beranek, S.; Edelhoff, M.; Feld, L.; Heister, A.; Kiesel, M. K.; Klein, K.; Lipinski, M.; Ostapchuk, A.; Preuten, M.; Raupach, F.; Schael, S.; Schulte, J. F.; Verlage, T.; Weber, H.; Wittmer, B.; Zhukov, V.; Ata, M.; Brodski, M.; Dietz-Laursonn, E.; Duchardt, D.; Endres, M.; Erdmann, M.; Erdweg, S.; Esch, T.; Fischer, R.; Güth, A.; Hebbeker, T.; Heidemann, C.; Hoepfner, K.; Klingebiel, D.; Knutzen, S.; Kreuzer, P.; Merschmeyer, M.; Meyer, A.; Millet, P.; Olschewski, M.; Padeken, K.; Papacz, P.; Pook, T.; Radziej, M.; Reithler, H.; Rieger, M.; Scheuch, F.; Sonnenschein, L.; Teyssier, D.; Thüer, S.; Cherepanov, V.; Erdogan, Y.; Flügge, G.; Geenen, H.; Geisler, M.; Hoehle, F.; Kargoll, B.; Kress, T.; Kuessel, Y.; Künsken, A.; Lingemann, J.; Nehrkorn, A.; Nowack, A.; Nugent, I. M.; Pistone, C.; Pooth, O.; Stahl, A.; Aldaya Martin, M.; Asin, I.; Bartosik, N.; Behnke, O.; Behrens, U.; Bell, A. J.; Bethani, A.; Borras, K.; Burgmeier, A.; Cakir, A.; Calligaris, L.; Campbell, A.; Choudhury, S.; Costanza, F.; Diez Pardos, C.; Dolinska, G.; Dooling, S.; Dorland, T.; Eckerlin, G.; Eckstein, D.; Eichhorn, T.; Flucke, G.; Gallo, E.; Garay Garcia, J.; Geiser, A.; Gizhko, A.; Gunnellini, P.; Hauk, J.; Hempel, M.; Jung, H.; Kalogeropoulos, A.; Karacheban, O.; Kasemann, M.; Katsas, P.; Kieseler, J.; Kleinwort, C.; Korol, I.; Lange, W.; Leonard, J.; Lipka, K.; Lobanov, A.; Lohmann, W.; Mankel, R.; Marfin, I.; Melzer-Pellmann, I.-A.; Meyer, A. B.; Mittag, G.; Mnich, J.; Mussgiller, A.; Naumann-Emme, S.; Nayak, A.; Ntomari, E.; Perrey, H.; Pitzl, D.; Placakyte, R.; Raspereza, A.; Roland, B.; Sahin, M. Ö.; Saxena, P.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Schröder, M.; Seitz, C.; Spannagel, S.; Trippkewitz, K. D.; Walsh, R.; Wissing, C.; Blobel, V.; Centis Vignali, M.; Draeger, A. R.; Erfle, J.; Garutti, E.; Goebel, K.; Gonzalez, D.; Görner, M.; Haller, J.; Hoffmann, M.; Höing, R. S.; Junkes, A.; Klanner, R.; Kogler, R.; Lapsien, T.; Lenz, T.; Marchesini, I.; Marconi, D.; Meyer, M.; Nowatschin, D.; Ott, J.; Pantaleo, F.; Peiffer, T.; Perieanu, A.; Pietsch, N.; Poehlsen, J.; Rathjens, D.; Sander, C.; Schettler, H.; Schleper, P.; Schlieckau, E.; Schmidt, A.; Schwandt, J.; Seidel, M.; Sola, V.; Stadie, H.; Steinbrück, G.; Tholen, H.; Troendle, D.; Usai, E.; Vanelderen, L.; Vanhoefer, A.; Vormwald, B.; Akbiyik, M.; Barth, C.; Baus, C.; Berger, J.; Böser, C.; Butz, E.; Chwalek, T.; Colombo, F.; de Boer, W.; Descroix, A.; Dierlamm, A.; Fink, S.; Frensch, F.; Giffels, M.; Gilbert, A.; Hartmann, F.; Heindl, S. M.; Husemann, U.; Katkov, I.; Kornmayer, A.; Lobelle Pardo, P.; Maier, B.; Mildner, H.; Mozer, M. U.; Müller, T.; Müller, Th.; Plagge, M.; Quast, G.; Rabbertz, K.; Röcker, S.; Roscher, F.; Simonis, H. J.; Stober, F. M.; Ulrich, R.; Wagner-Kuhr, J.; Wayand, S.; Weber, M.; Weiler, T.; Wöhrmann, C.; Wolf, R.; Anagnostou, G.; Daskalakis, G.; Geralis, T.; Giakoumopoulou, V. A.; Kyriakis, A.; Loukas, D.; Psallidas, A.; Topsis-Giotis, I.; Agapitos, A.; Kesisoglou, S.; Panagiotou, A.; Saoulidou, N.; Tziaferi, E.; Evangelou, I.; Flouris, G.; Foudas, C.; Kokkas, P.; Loukas, N.; Manthos, N.; Papadopoulos, I.; Paradas, E.; Strologas, J.; Bencze, G.; Hajdu, C.; Hazi, A.; Hidas, P.; Horvath, D.; Sikler, F.; Veszpremi, V.; Vesztergombi, G.; Zsigmond, A. J.; Beni, N.; Czellar, S.; Karancsi, J.; Molnar, J.; Szillasi, Z.; Bartók, M.; Makovec, A.; Raics, P.; Trocsanyi, Z. L.; Ujvari, B.; Mal, P.; Mandal, K.; Sahoo, D. K.; Sahoo, N.; Swain, S. K.; Bansal, S.; Beri, S. B.; Bhatnagar, V.; Chawla, R.; Gupta, R.; Bhawandeep, U.; Kalsi, A. K.; Kaur, A.; Kaur, M.; Kumar, R.; Mehta, A.; Mittal, M.; Singh, J. B.; Walia, G.; Kumar, Ashok; Bhardwaj, A.; Choudhary, B. C.; Garg, R. B.; Kumar, A.; Malhotra, S.; Naimuddin, M.; Nishu, N.; Ranjan, K.; Sharma, R.; Sharma, V.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chatterjee, K.; Dey, S.; Dutta, S.; Jain, Sa.; Majumdar, N.; Modak, A.; Mondal, K.; Mukherjee, S.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Roy, A.; Roy, D.; Roy Chowdhury, S.; Sarkar, S.; Sharan, M.; Abdulsalam, A.; Chudasama, R.; Dutta, D.; Jha, V.; Kumar, V.; Mohanty, A. K.; Pant, L. M.; Shukla, P.; Topkar, A.; Aziz, T.; Banerjee, S.; Bhowmik, S.; Chatterjee, R. M.; Dewanjee, R. K.; Dugad, S.; Ganguly, S.; Ghosh, S.; Guchait, M.; Gurtu, A.; Kole, G.; Kumar, S.; Mahakud, B.; Maity, M.; Majumder, G.; Mazumdar, K.; Mitra, S.; Mohanty, G. B.; Parida, B.; Sarkar, T.; Sur, N.; Sutar, B.; Wickramage, N.; Chauhan, S.; Dube, S.; Sharma, S.; Bakhshiansohi, H.; Behnamian, H.; Etesami, S. M.; Fahim, A.; Goldouzian, R.; Khakzad, M.; Mohammadi Najafabadi, M.; Naseri, M.; Paktinat Mehdiabadi, S.; Rezaei Hosseinabadi, F.; Safarzadeh, B.; Zeinali, M.; Felcini, M.; Grunewald, M.; Abbrescia, M.; Calabria, C.; Caputo, C.; Colaleo, A.; Creanza, D.; Cristella, L.; de Filippis, N.; de Palma, M.; Fiore, L.; Iaselli, G.; Maggi, G.; Maggi, M.; Miniello, G.; My, S.; Nuzzo, S.; Pompili, A.; Pugliese, G.; Radogna, R.; Ranieri, A.; Selvaggi, G.; Silvestris, L.; Venditti, R.; Verwilligen, P.; Abbiendi, G.; Battilana, C.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Bonacorsi, D.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Brigliadori, L.; Campanini, R.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cavallo, F. R.; Chhibra, S. S.; Codispoti, G.; Cuffiani, M.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Giacomelli, P.; Grandi, C.; Guiducci, L.; Marcellini, S.; Masetti, G.; Montanari, A.; Navarria, F. L.; Perrotta, A.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G. P.; Tosi, N.; Travaglini, R.; Cappello, G.; Chiorboli, M.; Costa, S.; Giordano, F.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.; Barbagli, G.; Ciulli, V.; Civinini, C.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Gonzi, S.; Gori, V.; Lenzi, P.; Meschini, M.; Paoletti, S.; Sguazzoni, G.; Tropiano, A.; Viliani, L.; Benussi, L.; Bianco, S.; Fabbri, F.; Piccolo, D.; Primavera, F.; Calvelli, V.; Ferro, F.; Lo Vetere, M.; Monge, M. R.; Robutti, E.; Tosi, S.; Brianza, L.; Dinardo, M. E.; Fiorendi, S.; Gennai, S.; Gerosa, R.; Ghezzi, A.; Govoni, P.; Malvezzi, S.; Manzoni, R. A.; Marzocchi, B.; Menasce, D.; Moroni, L.; Paganoni, M.; Pedrini, D.; Ragazzi, S.; Redaelli, N.; Tabarelli de Fatis, T.; Buontempo, S.; Cavallo, N.; di Guida, S.; Esposito, M.; Fabozzi, F.; Iorio, A. O. M.; Lanza, G.; Lista, L.; Meola, S.; Merola, M.; Paolucci, P.; Sciacca, C.; Thyssen, F.; Azzi, P.; Bacchetta, N.; Benato, L.; Bisello, D.; Boletti, A.; Carlin, R.; Checchia, P.; Dall'Osso, M.; Dorigo, T.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Gonella, F.; Gozzelino, A.; Gulmini, M.; Kanishchev, K.; Lacaprara, S.; Margoni, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Montecassiano, F.; Pazzini, J.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Torassa, E.; Tosi, M.; Zanetti, M.; Zotto, P.; Zucchetta, A.; Zumerle, G.; Braghieri, A.; Magnani, A.; Montagna, P.; Ratti, S. P.; Re, V.; Riccardi, C.; Salvini, P.; Vai, I.; Vitulo, P.; Alunni Solestizi, L.; Biasini, M.; Bilei, G. M.; Ciangottini, D.; Fanò, L.; Lariccia, P.; Mantovani, G.; Menichelli, M.; Saha, A.; Santocchia, A.; Spiezia, A.; Androsov, K.; Azzurri, P.; Bagliesi, G.; Bernardini, J.; Boccali, T.; Broccolo, G.; Castaldi, R.; Ciocci, M. A.; Dell'Orso, R.; Donato, S.; Fedi, G.; Foà, L.; Giassi, A.; Grippo, M. T.; Ligabue, F.; Lomtadze, T.; Martini, L.; Messineo, A.; Palla, F.; Rizzi, A.; Savoy-Navarro, A.; Serban, A. T.; Spagnolo, P.; Squillacioti, P.; Tenchini, R.; Tonelli, G.; Venturi, A.; Verdini, P. G.; Barone, L.; Cavallari, F.; D'Imperio, G.; Del Re, D.; Diemoz, M.; Gelli, S.; Jorda, C.; Longo, E.; Margaroli, F.; Meridiani, P.; Organtini, G.; Paramatti, R.; Preiato, F.; Rahatlou, S.; Rovelli, C.; Santanastasio, F.; Traczyk, P.; Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Arneodo, M.; Bellan, R.; Biino, C.; Cartiglia, N.; Costa, M.; Covarelli, R.; Degano, A.; Demaria, N.; Finco, L.; Kiani, B.; Mariotti, C.; Maselli, S.; Migliore, E.; Monaco, V.; Monteil, E.; Musich, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Pacher, L.; Pastrone, N.; Pelliccioni, M.; Pinna Angioni, G. L.; Ravera, F.; Romero, A.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Solano, A.; Staiano, A.; Tamponi, U.; Belforte, S.; Candelise, V.; Casarsa, M.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Gobbo, B.; La Licata, C.; Marone, M.; Schizzi, A.; Zanetti, A.; Kropivnitskaya, A.; Nam, S. K.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, G. N.; Kim, M. S.; Kong, D. J.; Lee, S.; Oh, Y. D.; Sakharov, A.; Son, D. C.; Brochero Cifuentes, J. A.; Kim, H.; Kim, T. J.; Song, S.; Choi, S.; Go, Y.; Gyun, D.; Hong, B.; Jo, M.; Kim, H.; Kim, Y.; Lee, B.; Lee, K.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S.; Park, S. K.; Roh, Y.; Yoo, H. D.; Choi, M.; Kim, H.; Kim, J. H.; Lee, J. S. H.; Park, I. C.; Ryu, G.; Ryu, M. S.; Choi, Y.; Goh, J.; Kim, D.; Kwon, E.; Lee, J.; Yu, I.; Juodagalvis, A.; Vaitkus, J.; Ahmed, I.; Ibrahim, Z. A.; Komaragiri, J. R.; Ali, M. A. B. Md; Mohamad Idris, F.; Wan Abdullah, W. A. T.; Yusli, M. N.; Casimiro Linares, E.; Castilla-Valdez, H.; de La Cruz-Burelo, E.; Heredia-de La Cruz, I.; Hernandez-Almada, A.; Lopez-Fernandez, R.; Sanchez-Hernandez, A.; Carrillo Moreno, S.; Vazquez Valencia, F.; Pedraza, I.; Salazar Ibarguen, H. A.; Morelos Pineda, A.; Krofcheck, D.; Butler, P. H.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, M.; Hassan, Q.; Hoorani, H. R.; Khan, W. A.; Khurshid, T.; Shoaib, M.; Bialkowska, H.; Bluj, M.; Boimska, B.; Frueboes, T.; Górski, M.; Kazana, M.; Nawrocki, K.; Romanowska-Rybinska, K.; Szleper, M.; Zalewski, P.; Brona, G.; Bunkowski, K.; Byszuk, A.; Doroba, K.; Kalinowski, A.; Konecki, M.; Krolikowski, J.; Misiura, M.; Olszewski, M.; Walczak, M.; Bargassa, P.; Beirão da Cruz E Silva, C.; di Francesco, A.; Faccioli, P.; Ferreira Parracho, P. 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P.; Contreras-Campana, C.; Contreras-Campana, E.; Duggan, D.; Ferencek, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Gray, R.; Halkiadakis, E.; Hidas, D.; Hughes, E.; Kaplan, S.; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R.; Lath, A.; Nash, K.; Panwalkar, S.; Park, M.; Salur, S.; Schnetzer, S.; Sheffield, D.; Somalwar, S.; Stone, R.; Thomas, S.; Thomassen, P.; Walker, M.; Foerster, M.; Riley, G.; Rose, K.; Spanier, S.; York, A.; Bouhali, O.; Castaneda Hernandez, A.; Dalchenko, M.; de Mattia, M.; Delgado, A.; Dildick, S.; Eusebi, R.; Flanagan, W.; Gilmore, J.; Kamon, T.; Krutelyov, V.; Mueller, R.; Osipenkov, I.; Pakhotin, Y.; Patel, R.; Perloff, A.; Rose, A.; Safonov, A.; Tatarinov, A.; Ulmer, K. A.; Akchurin, N.; Cowden, C.; Damgov, J.; Dragoiu, C.; Dudero, P. R.; Faulkner, J.; Kunori, S.; Lamichhane, K.; Lee, S. W.; Libeiro, T.; Undleeb, S.; Volobouev, I.; Appelt, E.; Delannoy, A. G.; Greene, S.; Gurrola, A.; Janjam, R.; Johns, W.; Maguire, C.; Mao, Y.; Melo, A.; Ni, H.; Sheldon, P.; Snook, B.; Tuo, S.; Velkovska, J.; Xu, Q.; Arenton, M. W.; Boutle, S.; Cox, B.; Francis, B.; Goodell, J.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Li, H.; Lin, C.; Neu, C.; Sun, X.; Wang, Y.; Wolfe, E.; Wood, J.; Xia, F.; Clarke, C.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, C.; Lamichhane, P.; Sturdy, J.; Belknap, D. A.; Carlsmith, D.; Cepeda, M.; Christian, A.; Dasu, S.; Dodd, L.; Duric, S.; Friis, E.; Gomber, B.; Grothe, M.; Hall-Wilton, R.; Herndon, M.; Hervé, A.; Klabbers, P.; Lanaro, A.; Levine, A.; Long, K.; Loveless, R.; Mohapatra, A.; Ojalvo, I.; Perry, T.; Pierro, G. A.; Polese, G.; Ruggles, T.; Sarangi, T.; Savin, A.; Sharma, A.; Smith, N.; Smith, W. H.; Taylor, D.; Woods, N.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> search for <span class="hlt">a</span> very light Higgs boson <span class="hlt">decaying</span> into <span class="hlt">a</span> pair of τ leptons is presented within the framework of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model. This search is based on <span class="hlt">a</span> data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at <span class="hlt">a</span> centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The signal is defined by the production of either of the two lightest scalars, h1 or h2, via gluon-gluon fusion and subsequent <span class="hlt">decay</span> into <span class="hlt">a</span> pair of the lightest Higgs bosons, <span class="hlt">a</span>1 or h1. The h1 or h2 boson is identified with the observed state at <span class="hlt">a</span> mass of 125 GeV. The analysis searches for <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the <span class="hlt">a</span>1 (h1) states into pairs of τ leptons and covers <span class="hlt">a</span> mass range for the <span class="hlt">a</span>1 (h1) boson of 4 to 8 GeV. The search reveals no significant excess in data above standard model background expectations, and an upper limit is set on the signal production cross section times branching fraction as <span class="hlt">a</span> function of the <span class="hlt">a</span>1 (h1) boson mass. The 95% confidence level limit ranges from <span class="hlt">4.5</span> pb at {m}_{{<span class="hlt">a</span>}_1} ({m}_{{h}_1})=8 GeV to 10.3 pb at {m}_{{<span class="hlt">a</span>}_1} ({m}_{{h}_1})=5 GeV. [Figure not available: see fulltext.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22472418-parametric-decay-extraordinary-electromagnetic-wave-relativistic-plasma','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22472418-parametric-decay-extraordinary-electromagnetic-wave-relativistic-plasma"><span>Parametric <span class="hlt">decay</span> of an extraordinary electromagnetic wave in relativistic plasma</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Dorofeenko, V. G.; Krasovitskiy, V. B., E-mail: krasovit@mail.ru; Turikov, V. A.</p> <p>2015-03-15</p> <p>Parametric instability of an extraordinary electromagnetic wave in plasma preheated to <span class="hlt">a</span> relativistic temperature is considered. <span class="hlt">A</span> set of self-similar nonlinear differential equations taking into account the electron “thermal” mass is derived and investigated. Small perturbations of the parameters of the <span class="hlt">heated</span> plasma are analyzed in the linear approximation by using the dispersion relation determining the phase velocities of the fast and slow extraordinary waves. In contrast to cold plasma, the evanescence zone in the frequency range above the electron upper hybrid frequency vanishes and the asymptotes of both branches converge. Theoretical analysis of the set of nonlinear equations showsmore » that the growth rate of <span class="hlt">decay</span> instability increases with increasing initial temperature of plasma electrons. This result is qualitatively confirmed by numerical simulations of plasma <span class="hlt">heating</span> by <span class="hlt">a</span> laser pulse injected from vacuum.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NuPhA.962...24D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NuPhA.962...24D"><span>Numerical calculation of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> widths, the <span class="hlt">decay</span> constants, and the <span class="hlt">decay</span> energy spectra of the resonances of the delta-shell potential</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>de la Madrid, Rafael</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>We express the resonant energies of the delta-shell potential in terms of the Lambert W function, and we calculate their <span class="hlt">decay</span> widths and <span class="hlt">decay</span> constants. The ensuing numerical results strengthen the interpretation of such <span class="hlt">decay</span> widths and constants as <span class="hlt">a</span> way to quantify the coupling between <span class="hlt">a</span> resonance and the continuum. We calculate explicitly the <span class="hlt">decay</span> energy spectrum of the resonances of the delta-shell potential, and we show numerically that the lineshape of such spectrum is not the same as, and can be very different from, the Breit-Wigner (Lorentzian) distribution. We argue that the standard Golden Rule cannot describe the interference of two resonances, and we show how to describe such interference by way of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> energy spectrum of two resonant states.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1226348-search-very-light-nmssm-higgs-boson-produced-decays-gev-scalar-boson-decaying-tau-leptons-pp-collisions-sqrt-tev','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1226348-search-very-light-nmssm-higgs-boson-produced-decays-gev-scalar-boson-decaying-tau-leptons-pp-collisions-sqrt-tev"><span>Search for <span class="hlt">a</span> very light NMSSM Higgs boson produced in <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the 125 GeV scalar boson and <span class="hlt">decaying</span> into $$\\tau$$ leptons in pp collisions at $$\\sqrt{s} =$$ 8 TeV</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Khachatryan, Vardan</p> <p>2016-01-13</p> <p>Our search for <span class="hlt">a</span> very light Higgs boson <span class="hlt">decaying</span> into <span class="hlt">a</span> pair of t leptons is presented within the framework of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model. This search is based on <span class="hlt">a</span> data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at <span class="hlt">a</span> centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The signal is defined by the production of either of the two lightest scalars, h 1 or h 2, via gluon-gluon fusion and subsequent <span class="hlt">decay</span> into <span class="hlt">a</span> pair of the lightest Higgs bosons, <span class="hlt">a</span> 1 or h 1. The h 1 ormore » h 2 boson is identified with the observed state at <span class="hlt">a</span> mass of 125 GeV. The analysis searches for <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the <span class="hlt">a</span> 1 (h 1) states into pairs of t leptons and covers <span class="hlt">a</span> mass range for the <span class="hlt">a</span> 1 (h 1) boson of 4 to 8 GeV. Furthermore, the search reveals no significant excess in data above standard model background expectations, and an upper limit is set on the signal production cross section times branching fraction as <span class="hlt">a</span> function of the <span class="hlt">a</span> 1 (h 1) boson mass. The 95% confidence level limit ranges from <span class="hlt">4.5</span> pb at ma 1 (mh 1 ) = 8 GeV to 10.3 pb at ma 1 (mh 1 ) = 5 GeV.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/45681','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/45681"><span>Strength loss in <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Rebecca E. Ibach; Patricia K. Lebow</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Wood is <span class="hlt">a</span> durable engineering material when used in an appropriate manner, but it is susceptible to biological <span class="hlt">decay</span> when <span class="hlt">a</span> log, sawn product, or final product is not stored, handled, or designed properly. Even before the biological <span class="hlt">decay</span> of wood becomes visually apparent, the <span class="hlt">decay</span> can cause the wood to become structurally unsound. The progression of <span class="hlt">decay</span> to that...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27882278','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27882278"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> transfer analysis of underground U-type <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger of ground source <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump system.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pei, Guihong; Zhang, Liyin</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Ground source <span class="hlt">heat</span> pumps is <span class="hlt">a</span> building energy conservation technique. The underground buried pipe <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanging system of <span class="hlt">a</span> ground source <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump (GSHP) is the basis for the normal operation of an entire <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump system. Computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation software, ANSYS-FLUENT17.0 have been performed the calculations under the working conditions of <span class="hlt">a</span> continuous and intermittent operation over 7 days on <span class="hlt">a</span> GSHP with <span class="hlt">a</span> single-well, single-U and double-U <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger and the impact of single-U and double-U buried <span class="hlt">heat</span> pipes on the surrounding rock-soil temperature field and the impact of intermittent operation and continuous operation on the outlet water temperature. The influence on the rock-soil temperature is approximately 13 % higher for the double-U <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger than that of the single-U <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger. The extracted energy of the intermittent operation is 36.44 kw·h higher than that of the continuous mode, although the running time is lower than that of continuous mode, over the course of 7 days. The thermal interference loss and quantity of <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanged for unit well depths at steady-state condition of 2.5 De, 3 De, 4 De, <span class="hlt">4.5</span> De, 5 De, 5.5 De and 6 De of sidetube spacing are detailed in this work. The simulation results of seven working conditions are compared. It is recommended that the side-tube spacing of double-U underground pipes shall be greater than or equal to five times of outer diameter (borehole diameter: 180 mm).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21534486','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21534486"><span>Postharvest behaviour of two Sardinian apple varieties following immersion in <span class="hlt">heated</span> sodium bicarbonate solution.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Venditti, T; Molinu, M G; Dore, A; Agabbio, M; D'Hallewin, G</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>'Miali' and 'Caddina' are apple varieties of Sardinian germplasm, mainly produced under sustainable conditions. Fruit is rarely subjected to cold storage and postharvest losses are generally high. In order to prolong the marketing period and contain postharvest <span class="hlt">decay</span> of these local varieties, we investigated on their storage behaviour and on the efficacy of combined alternative postharvest treatments. Pre-climateric fruit was harvested and immersed for 0 (control), 15, 30, <span class="hlt">45</span> or 60 sec. in water at 20, 50, 55 or 60 degrees C with or without 2% (W/V) NaHCO3 (SBC). Then, fruit was stored for 4 months at 5 degrees C and 90% RH followed by <span class="hlt">a</span> 6 day simulated marketing period (SMP) at 10 degrees C and 75% RH. <span class="hlt">Decay</span> was monitored at the end of storage and after the SMP, while appearance and physiological disorders were evaluated after SMP. During storage 56 and 62% of the untreated 'Caddina' and 'Miali' apples rotted, respectively. During the SMP, an additional 3% of 'Caddina' and 5% of 'Miali' was lost. Among the treatments the best <span class="hlt">decay</span> control, for both varieties, was attained when fruit was immersed in the SBC solution at 55 degrees C for 60 sec. Compared to control, <span class="hlt">decay</span> was reduced by 91 and 95% for 'Caddina' and 'Miali', respectively. This combination induced some rind damage, mainly on 'Caddina' fruit. Superficial scald was evident on 'Caddina' and scored as medium while, cold storage induced <span class="hlt">a</span> significant deposition of epicuticular wax in 'Miali' fruit, affecting significantly fruit appearance. <span class="hlt">A</span> significant reduction of <span class="hlt">decay</span> was also achieved when fruit was immersed at 60 degrees C for 30 or <span class="hlt">45</span> sec., attaining for 'Caddina' <span class="hlt">a</span> reduction of 82 and 88% of <span class="hlt">decay</span>, respectively. Other combinations were lesser effective or produced rind damages and most <span class="hlt">decay</span> was caused by Penicillium expansum.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19840013764','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19840013764"><span>Effect of <span class="hlt">a</span> rotor wake on <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer from <span class="hlt">a</span> circular cylinder</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Simoneau, R. J.; Morehouse, K. A.; Vanfossen, G. J.; Behning, F. P.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>The effect of <span class="hlt">a</span> rotor wake on <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer to <span class="hlt">a</span> downstream stator was investigated. The rotor was modeled with <span class="hlt">a</span> spoked wheel of 24 circular pins 1.59 mm in diameter. One of the stator pins was electrically <span class="hlt">heated</span> in the midspan region and circumferentially averaged <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer coefficients were obtained. The experiment was run in an annular flow wind tunnel using air at ambient temperature and pressure. Reynolds numbers based on stator cylinder diameter ranged from .001 to .00001. Rotor blade passing frequencies ranged from zero to 2500 Hz. Stationary grids were used to vary the rotor inlet turbulence from one to four percent. The rotor-stator spacings were one and two stator pin diameters. In addition to the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer coefficients, turbulence spectra and ensemble averaged wake profiles were measured. At the higher Reynolds numbers, which is the primary range of interest for turbulent <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer, the rotor wakes increased Nusselt number from 10 to <span class="hlt">45</span> percent depending on conditions. At lower Reynolds numbers the effect was as much as <span class="hlt">a</span> factor of two.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018APJAS..54...53S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018APJAS..54...53S"><span>Projected <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Wave Characteristics over the Korean Peninsula During the Twenty-First Century</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shin, Jongsoo; Olson, Roman; An, Soon-Il</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Climate change is expected to increase temperatures globally, and consequently more frequent, longer, and hotter <span class="hlt">heat</span> waves are likely to occur. Ambiguity in defining <span class="hlt">heat</span> waves appropriately makes it difficult to compare changes in <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave events over time. This study provides <span class="hlt">a</span> quantitative definition of <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave and makes probabilistic <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave projections for the Korean Peninsula under two global warming scenarios. Changes to <span class="hlt">heat</span> waves under global warming are investigated using the representative concentration pathway <span class="hlt">4.5</span> (RCP<span class="hlt">4.5</span>) and 8.5 (RCP8.5) experiments from 30 coupled models participating in phase five of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project. Probabilistic climate projections from multi-model ensembles have been constructed using both simple and weighted averaging. Results from both methods are similar and show that <span class="hlt">heat</span> waves will be more intense, frequent, and longer lasting. These trends are more apparent under the RCP8.5 scenario as compared to the RCP<span class="hlt">4.5</span> scenario. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, typical <span class="hlt">heat</span> waves are projected to become stronger than any <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave experienced in the recent measurement record. Furthermore, under this scenario, it cannot be ruled out that Korea will experience <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave conditions spanning almost an entire summer before the end of the 21st century.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015APS..APR.M2006L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015APS..APR.M2006L"><span>Parameter study of r-process lanthanide production and <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates in kilonovae</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lippuner, Jonas; Roberts, Luke F.</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Explosive r-process nucleosynthesis in material ejected during compact object mergers may lead to radioactively powered transients called kilonovae. The timescale and peak luminosity of these transients are sensitive to the composition of the material after nuclear burning ceases, as the composition determines the local <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate from nuclear <span class="hlt">decays</span> and the opacity. The presence of lanthanides in the ejecta can drastically increase the opacity. We use the new general-purpose nuclear reaction network SkyNet to run <span class="hlt">a</span> parameter study of r-process nucleosynthesis for <span class="hlt">a</span> range of initial electron fractions Ye, initial entropies s, and density <span class="hlt">decay</span> timescales τ. We find that the ejecta is lanthanide-free for Ye >~ 0 . 22 - 0 . 3 , depending on s and τ. The <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate is insensitive to s and τ, but certain, larger values of Ye lead to reduced <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates, because single nuclides dominate the <span class="hlt">heating</span>. With <span class="hlt">a</span> simple model we estimate the luminosity, time, and effective temperature at the peak of the light curve. Since the opacity is much lower in the lanthanide-free case, we find the luminosity peaks much earlier at ~ 1 day vs. ~ 15 days in the lanthanide-rich cases. Although there is significant variation in the <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate with Ye, changes in the <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate do not mitigate the effect of the lanthanides. This research is partially supported by NSF under Award Numbers AST-1333520 and AST-1205732.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1030495','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1030495"><span>Suppressed Charmed B <span class="hlt">Decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Snoek, Hella Leonie</p> <p>2009-06-02</p> <p>This thesis describes the measurement of the branching fractions of the suppressed charmed B 0 → D *- <span class="hlt">a</span> 0 + <span class="hlt">decays</span> and the non-resonant B 0 → D *- ηπ + <span class="hlt">decays</span> in approximately 230 million Υ(4S) → Bmore » $$\\bar{B}$$ events. The data have been collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in California. Theoretical predictions of the branching fraction of the B 0 → D *- <span class="hlt">a</span>{sub 0} + <span class="hlt">decays</span> show large QCD model dependent uncertainties. Non-factorizing terms, in the naive factorization model, that can be calculated by QCD factorizing models have <span class="hlt">a</span> large impact on the branching fraction of these <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes. The predictions of the branching fractions are of the order of 10 -6. The measurement of the branching fraction gives more insight into the theoretical models. In general <span class="hlt">a</span> better understanding of QCD models will be necessary to conduct weak interaction physics at the next level. The presence of CP violation in electroweak interactions allows the differentiation between matter and antimatter in the laws of physics. In the Standard Model, CP violation is incorporated in the CKM matrix that describes the weak interaction between quarks. Relations amongst the CKM matrix elements are used to present the two relevant parameters as the apex of <span class="hlt">a</span> triangle (Unitarity Triangle) in <span class="hlt">a</span> complex plane. The over-constraining of the CKM triangle by experimental measurements is an important test of the Standard Model. At this moment no stringent direct measurements of the CKM angle γ, one of the interior angles of the Unitarity Triangle, are available. The measurement of the angle γ can be performed using the <span class="hlt">decays</span> of neutral B mesons. The B 0 → D *- <span class="hlt">a</span> 0 + <span class="hlt">decay</span> is sensitive to the angle γ and, in comparison to the current <span class="hlt">decays</span> that are being employed, could significantly enhance the measurement of this angle. However, the low expected branching fraction for the B 0 → D *- <span class="hlt">a</span> 0 + <span class="hlt">decay</span> channels could</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943157','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943157"><span>Susceptibility of ectomycorrhizal fungi to soil <span class="hlt">heating</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kipfer, Tabea; Egli, Simon; Ghazoul, Jaboury; Moser, Barbara; Wohlgemuth, Thomas</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi are an important biotic factor for successful tree recruitment because they enhance plant growth and alleviate drought stress of their hosts. Thus, EcM propagules are expected to be <span class="hlt">a</span> key factor for forest regeneration after major disturbance events such as stand-replacing forest fires. Yet the susceptibility of soil-borne EcM fungi to <span class="hlt">heat</span> is unclear. In this study, we investigated the <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance of EcM fungi of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L., Pinaceae). Soil samples of three soil depths were <span class="hlt">heated</span> to the temperature of <span class="hlt">45</span>, 60 and 70 °C, respectively, and surviving EcM fungi were assessed by <span class="hlt">a</span> bioassay using Scots pine as an experimental host plant. EcM species were identified by <span class="hlt">a</span> combination of morphotyping and sequencing of the ITS region. We found that mean number of species per sample was reduced by the 60 and 70 °C treatment, but not by the <span class="hlt">45</span> °C treatment. Species composition changed due to <span class="hlt">heat</span>. While some EcM fungi species did not survive <span class="hlt">heating</span>, the majority of species was also found in the <span class="hlt">heated</span> samples. The most frequent species in the <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatment were Rhizopogon roseolus, Cenococcum geophilum and several unidentified species. Copyright © 2010 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991PhLB..254..293A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991PhLB..254..293A"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> search for lepton flavour violation in Z 0 <span class="hlt">decays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Akrawy, M. Z.; Alexander, G.; Allison, J.; Allport, P. P.; Anderson, K. J.; Armitage, J. C.; Arnison, G. T. J.; Ashton, P.; Azuelos, G.; Baines, J. T. M.; Ball, A. H.; Banks, J.; Barker, G. J.; Barlow, R. J.; Batley, J. R.; Beck, A.; Becker, J.; Behnke, T.; Bell, K. W.; Bella, G.; Bethke, S.; Biebel, O.; Binder, U.; Bloodworth, I. J.; Bock, P.; Breuker, H.; Brown, R. M.; Brun, R.; Buijs, A.; Burckhart, H. J.; Capiluppi, P.; Carnegie, R. K.; Carter, A. A.; Carter, J. R.; Chang, C. Y.; Charlton, D. G.; Chrin, J. T. M.; Clarke, P. E. L.; Cohen, I.; Collins, W. J.; Conboy, J. E.; Couch, M.; Coupland, M.; Cuffiani, M.; Dado, S.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Debu, P.; Deninno, M. M.; Dieckmann, A.; Dittmar, M.; Dixit, M. S.; Duchovni, E.; Duerdoth, I. P.; Dumas, D. J. P.; Elcombe, P. A.; Estarbrooks, P. G.; Etzion, E.; Fabbri, F.; Farthouat, P.; Fischer, H. M.; Fong, D. G.; French, M. T.; Fukunaga, C.; Gaidot, A.; Ganel, O.; Gary, J. W.; Gascon, J.; Geddes, N. I.; Gee, C. N. P.; Geich-Gimbel, C.; Gensler, S. W.; Gentit, F. X.; Giacomelli, G.; Gibson, V.; Gibson, W. R.; Gillies, J. D.; Goldberg, J.; Goodrick, M. J.; Gorn, W.; Granite, D.; Gross, E.; Grunhaus, J.; Hagedorn, H.; Hagemann, J.; Hansroul, M.; Hargrove, C. K.; Harrus, I.; Hart, J.; Hattersley, P. M.; Hauschild, M.; Hawkes, C. M.; Heflin, E.; Hemingway, R. J.; Heuer, R. D.; Hill, J. C.; Hillier, S. J.; Ho, C.; Hobbs, J. D.; Hobson, P. R.; Hochman, D.; Holl, B.; Homer, R. J.; Hou, S. R.; Howarth, C. P.; Hughes-Jones, R. E.; Humbert, R.; Igo-Kemenes, P.; Ihssen, H.; Imrie, D. C.; Janissen, L.; Jawahery, A.; Jeffreys, P. W.; Jeremie, H.; Jimack, M.; Jobes, M.; Jones, R. W. L.; Jovanovic, P.; Karlen, D.; Kawagoe, K.; Kawamoto, T.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kennedy, B. W.; Kleinwort, C.; Klem, D. E.; Knop, G.; Kobayashi, T.; Kokott, T. P.; Köpke, L.; Kowalewski, R.; Kreutzmann, H.; Kroll, J.; Kuwano, M.; Kyberd, P.; Lafferty, G. D.; Lamarche, F.; Larson, W. J.; Layter, J. G.; Le Du, P.; Leblanc, P.; Lee, A. M.; Lehto, M. H.; Lellouch, D.; Lennert, P.; Lessard, L.; Levinson, L.; Lloyd, S. L.; Loebinger, F. K.; Lorah, J. M.; Lorazo, B.; Losty, M. J.; Ludwig, J.; Ma, J.; Macbeth, A. A.; Mannelli, M.; Marcellino, S.; Maringer, G.; Martin, A. J.; Martin, J. P.; Mashimo, T.; Mättig, P.; Maur, U.; McMahon, T. J.; McNutt, J. R.; Meijers, F.; Menszner, D.; Merritt, F. S.; Mes, H.; Michelini, A.; Middleton, R. P.; Mikenberg, G.; Mildenberger, J.; Miller, D. J.; Milstene, C.; Minowa, M.; Mohr, W.; Montanari, A.; Mori, T.; Moss, M. W.; Murphy, P. G.; Murray, W. J.; Nellen, B.; Nguyen, H. H.; Nozaki, M.; O'Dowd, A. J. P.; O'Neale, S. W.; O'Neill, B. P.; Oakham, F. G.; Odorici, F.; Ogg, M.; Oh, H.; Oreglia, M. J.; Orito, S.; Pansart, J. P.; Patrick, G. N.; Pawley, S. J.; Pfister, P.; Pilcher, J. E.; Pinfold, J. L.; Plane, D. E.; Poli, B.; Pouladdej, A.; Prebys, E.; Pritchard, T. W.; Quast, G.; Raab, J.; Redmond, M. W.; Rees, D. L.; Regimbald, M.; Riles, K.; Roach, C. M.; Robins, S. A.; Rollnik, A.; Roney, J. M.; Rossberg, S.; Rossi, A. M.; Routenburg, P.; Runge, K.; Runolfsson, O.; Sanghera, S.; Sansum, R. A.; Sasaki, M.; Saunders, B. J.; Schaile, A. D.; Schaile, O.; Schappert, W.; Scharff-Hansen, P.; Schreiber, S.; Schwarz, J.; Shapira, A.; Shen, B. C.; Sherwood, P.; Simon, A.; Singh, P.; Siroli, G. P.; Skuja, A.; Smith, A. M.; Smith, T. J.; Snow, G. A.; Springer, R. W.; Sproston, M.; Stephens, K.; Stier, H. E.; Stroehmer, R.; Strom, D.; Takeda, H.; Takeshita, T.; Taras, P.; Thackray, N. J.; Tsukamoto, T.; Turner, M. F.; Tysarczyk-Niemeyer, G.; Van den plas, D.; VanDalen, G. J.; Van Kooten, R.; Vasseur, G.; Virtue, C. J.; von der Schmitt, H.; von Krogh, J.; Wagner, A.; Wahl, C.; Walker, J. P.; Ward, C. P.; Ward, D. R.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, N. K.; Weber, M.; Weisz, S.; Wells, P. S.; Wermes, N.; Weymann, M.; Wilson, G. W.; Wilson, J. A.; Wingerter, I.; Winterer, V.-H.; Wood, N. C.; Wotton, S.; Wuensch, B.; Wyatt, T. R.; Yaari, R.; Yang, Y.; Yekutieli, G.; Yoshida, T.; Zeuner, W.; Zorn, G. T.; OPAL Collaboration</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>We have searched for lepton flavour violation in about 14000 Z 0 <span class="hlt">decays</span> into collinear lepton pairs, recorded in an energy scan around the Z 0 resonance. <span class="hlt">Decays</span> of the type Z0→ eτ, Z0→ μτ and Z0→ eμ have been considered. Observed candidates in the eτ and μτ modes are consistent with expected Z0→ τ+τ- backgrounds; no candidates are observed for the eμ mode. We obtain limits (at 95% confidence level) on the branching ratios for such Z 0 <span class="hlt">decays</span> of 7.2×10 -5 for the eτ <span class="hlt">decay</span>, 35×10 -5 for the μτ <span class="hlt">decay</span> and 4.6×10 -5 for the eμ <span class="hlt">decay</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/5686','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/5686"><span>Bacterial associations with <span class="hlt">decaying</span> wood : <span class="hlt">a</span> review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>C. A. Clausen</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>Wood-inhabiting bacteria are associated with wood <span class="hlt">decay</span> and may have an indirect influence on the <span class="hlt">decay</span> process. Bacteria are able to affect wood permeability, attack wood structure, or work synergistically with other bacteria and soft-rot fungi to predispose wood to fungal attack. Bacteria that can inhabit chemically treated wood are recognized. The natural ability of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NuPhB.930..583C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NuPhB.930..583C"><span>Shannon entropy and particle <span class="hlt">decays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Carrasco Millán, Pedro; García-Ferrero, M. Ángeles; Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J.; Porras Riojano, Ana; Sánchez García, Esteban M.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>We deploy Shannon's information entropy to the distribution of branching fractions in <span class="hlt">a</span> particle <span class="hlt">decay</span>. This serves to quantify how important <span class="hlt">a</span> given new reported <span class="hlt">decay</span> channel is, from the point of view of the information that it adds to the already known ones. Because the entropy is additive, one can subdivide the set of channels and discuss, for example, how much information the discovery of <span class="hlt">a</span> new <span class="hlt">decay</span> branching would add; or subdivide the <span class="hlt">decay</span> distribution down to the level of individual quantum states (which can be quickly counted by the phase space). We illustrate the concept with some examples of experimentally known particle <span class="hlt">decay</span> distributions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvB..97j4308P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvB..97j4308P"><span>Theoretical analysis of oscillatory terms in lattice <span class="hlt">heat</span>-current time correlation functions and their contributions to thermal conductivity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pereverzev, Andrey; Sewell, Tommy</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Lattice <span class="hlt">heat</span>-current time correlation functions for insulators and semiconductors obtained using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations exhibit features of both pure exponential <span class="hlt">decay</span> and oscillatory-exponential <span class="hlt">decay</span>. For some materials the oscillatory terms contribute significantly to the lattice <span class="hlt">heat</span> conductivity calculated from the correlation functions. However, the origin of the oscillatory terms is not well understood, and their contribution to the <span class="hlt">heat</span> conductivity is accounted for by fitting them to empirical functions. Here, <span class="hlt">a</span> translationally invariant expression for the <span class="hlt">heat</span> current in terms of creation and annihilation operators is derived. By using this full phonon-picture definition of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> current and applying the relaxation-time approximation we explain, at least in part, the origin of the oscillatory terms in the lattice <span class="hlt">heat</span>-current correlation function. We discuss the relationship between the crystal Hamiltonian and the magnitude of the oscillatory terms. <span class="hlt">A</span> solvable one-dimensional model is used to illustrate the potential importance of terms that are omitted in the commonly used phonon-picture expression for the <span class="hlt">heat</span> current. While the derivations are fully quantum mechanical, classical-limit expressions are provided that enable direct contact with classical quantities obtainable from MD.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018HMT....54..305C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018HMT....54..305C"><span>Experimental study on <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer performance of fin-tube exchanger and PSHE for waste <span class="hlt">heat</span> recovery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Ting; Bae, Kyung Jin; Kwon, Oh Kyung</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>In this paper, <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer characteristics of fin-tube <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger and primary surface <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger (PSHE) used in waste <span class="hlt">heat</span> recovery were investigated experimentally. The flow in the fin-tube <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger is cross flow and in PSHE counter flow. The variations of friction factor and Colburn j factor with air mass flow rate, and Nu number with Re number are presented. Various comparison methods are used to evaluate <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer performance, and the results show that the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer rate of the PSHE is on average 17.3% larger than that of fin-tube <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger when air mass flow rate is ranging from 1.24 to 3.<span class="hlt">45</span> kg/min. However, the PSHE causes higher pressure drop, and the fin-tube <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger has <span class="hlt">a</span> wider application range which leads to <span class="hlt">a</span> 31.7% higher value of maximum <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer rate compared to that of the PSHE. Besides, under the same fan power per unit frontal surface, <span class="hlt">a</span> higher <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer rate value is given in the fin-tube <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/53321','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/53321"><span>Dual protection of wood surface treated with melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resin mixed with ammonium polyphosphate against both fire and <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Xing-xia Ma; Grant T. Kirker; Ming-liang Jiang; Yu-zhang Wu</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Surface coatings of melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resins (MUFs) containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) have been shown to significantly improve the fire retardancy of wood by prolonging the ignition time and reducing the <span class="hlt">heat</span> release rate, total <span class="hlt">heat</span> released, and mass loss rate. Dual protection of wood against both <span class="hlt">decay</span> and fire has been proposed for remedial...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ASPC..451..253X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ASPC..451..253X"><span>Power-law Magnetic Field <span class="hlt">Decay</span> and Constant Core Temperatures of Magnetars, Normal and Millisecond Pulsars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xie, Y.; Zhang, S.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>The observed correlations, between the characteristic ages and dipole surface magnetic field strengths of all pulsars, can be well explained by magnetic field <span class="hlt">decay</span> with core temperatures of 2×108 K, ˜2×107 K, and ˜105 K, for magnetars, normal radio pulsars, and millisecond pulsars, respectively; assuming that their characteristic ages are about two orders of magnitude larger than their true ages, the required core temperatures may be reduced by about <span class="hlt">a</span> factor of 10. The magnetic <span class="hlt">decay</span> follows <span class="hlt">a</span> power-law and is dominated by the solenoidal component of the ambipolar diffusion mode. In this model, all NSs are assumed to have the same initial magnetic field strength, but different core temperature which does not change as the magnetic field <span class="hlt">decays</span>. This suggests that the key distinguishing property between magnetars and normal pulsars is that magnetars were born much hotter than normal pulsars, and thus have much longer magnetic field <span class="hlt">decay</span> time scales, resulting in higher surface magnetic field strength even with the same ages of normal pulsars. The above conclusion agrees well with the observed correlations between the surface temperatures of magnetars and other young NSs, which do not agree with the cooling dominated evolution of neutron stars. This suggests <span class="hlt">a</span> possible scenario that <span class="hlt">heating</span>, perhaps due to magnetic field <span class="hlt">decay</span>, balances neutron star cooling for observed pulsars.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160010350','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160010350"><span>Optimized <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Pipe Backup Cooling System Tested with <span class="hlt">a</span> Stirling Convertor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tarau, Calin; Schwendeman, Carl L.; Schifer, Nicholas A.; Anderson, William G.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) is an attractive energy system for select space missions, and with the addition of <span class="hlt">a</span> VCHP, it becomes even more versatile. The ASRG is powered through thermal energy from <span class="hlt">decaying</span> radioisotopes acting as General Purpose <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Sources (GPHS). <span class="hlt">A</span> Stirling engine converts the thermal energy to electrical energy and cools the GPHS [2]. The Stirling convertor must operate continuously to maintain acceptable temperatures of the GPHS and protect their cladding. The addition of alkali metal VCHP allows the Stirling to cycle on and off during <span class="hlt">a</span> mission and can be used as <span class="hlt">a</span> backup cooling system. The benefits of being able to turn the Stirling off are: allowing for <span class="hlt">a</span> restart of the Stirling and reducing vibrations for sensitive measurements. The VCHP addition should also increase the efficiency of the Stirling by providing <span class="hlt">a</span> uniform temperature distribution at the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer interface into the heater head.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhG...44e4002L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhG...44e4002L"><span>β <span class="hlt">decay</span> studies of n-rich Cs isotopes with the ISOLDE <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Station</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lică, R.; Benzoni, G.; Morales, A. I.; Borge, M. J. G.; Fraile, L. M.; Mach, H.; Madurga, M.; Sotty, C.; Vedia, V.; De Witte, H.; Benito, J.; Berry, T.; Blasi, N.; Bracco, A.; Camera, F.; Ceruti, S.; Charviakova, V.; Cieplicka-Oryńczak, N.; Costache, C.; Crespi, F. C. L.; Creswell, J.; Fernández-Martínez, G.; Fynbo, H.; Greenlees, P.; Homm, I.; Huyse, M.; Jolie, J.; Karayonchev, V.; Köster, U.; Konki, J.; Kröll, T.; Kurcewicz, J.; Kurtukian-Nieto, T.; Lazarus, I.; Leoni, S.; Lund, M.; Marginean, N.; Marginean, R.; Mihai, C.; Mihai, R.; Negret, A.; Orduz, A.; Patyk, Z.; Pascu, S.; Pucknell, V.; Rahkila, P.; Regis, J. M.; Rotaru, F.; Saed-Sami, N.; Sánchez-Tembleque, V.; Stanoiu, M.; Tengblad, O.; Thuerauf, M.; Turturica, A.; Van Duppen, P.; Warr, N.</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Neutron-rich Ba isotopes are expected to exhibit octupolar correlations, reaching their maximum in isotopes around mass <span class="hlt">A</span> = 146. The odd-<span class="hlt">A</span> neutron-rich members of this isotopic chain show typical patterns related to non-axially symmetric shapes, which are however less marked compared to even-<span class="hlt">A</span> ones, pointing to <span class="hlt">a</span> major contribution from vibrations. In the present paper we present results from <span class="hlt">a</span> recent study focused on 148-150Cs β-<span class="hlt">decay</span> performed at the ISOLDE <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Station equipped with fast-timing detectors. <span class="hlt">A</span> detailed analysis of the measured <span class="hlt">decay</span> half-lives and <span class="hlt">decay</span> scheme of 149Ba is presented, giving <span class="hlt">a</span> first insight in the structure of this neutron-rich nucleus.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol25/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol25-sec165-45.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol25/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol25-sec165-45.pdf"><span>40 CFR 165.<span class="hlt">45</span> - Refillable container standards.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL Refillable Container Standards: Container Design § 165.<span class="hlt">45</span> Refillable... pesticide container must be capable of withstanding all operating stresses, taking into account static <span class="hlt">heat</span>, pressure buildup from pumps and compressors, and any other foreseeable mechanical stresses to which the...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol24/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol24-sec165-45.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol24/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol24-sec165-45.pdf"><span>40 CFR 165.<span class="hlt">45</span> - Refillable container standards.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL Refillable Container Standards: Container Design § 165.<span class="hlt">45</span> Refillable... pesticide container must be capable of withstanding all operating stresses, taking into account static <span class="hlt">heat</span>, pressure buildup from pumps and compressors, and any other foreseeable mechanical stresses to which the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol25/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol25-sec165-45.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol25/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol25-sec165-45.pdf"><span>40 CFR 165.<span class="hlt">45</span> - Refillable container standards.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL Refillable Container Standards: Container Design § 165.<span class="hlt">45</span> Refillable... pesticide container must be capable of withstanding all operating stresses, taking into account static <span class="hlt">heat</span>, pressure buildup from pumps and compressors, and any other foreseeable mechanical stresses to which the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29020934','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29020934"><span>Transcriptome analyses reveal SR<span class="hlt">45</span> to be <span class="hlt">a</span> neutral splicing regulator and <span class="hlt">a</span> suppressor of innate immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Xiao-Ning; Shi, Yifei; Powers, Jordan J; Gowda, Nikhil B; Zhang, Chong; Ibrahim, Heba M M; Ball, Hannah B; Chen, Samuel L; Lu, Hua; Mount, Stephen M</p> <p>2017-10-11</p> <p>Regulation of pre-mRNA splicing diversifies protein products and affects many biological processes. Arabidopsis thaliana Serine/Arginine-rich <span class="hlt">45</span> (SR<span class="hlt">45</span>), regulates pre-mRNA splicing by interacting with other regulatory proteins and spliceosomal subunits. Although SR<span class="hlt">45</span> has orthologs in diverse eukaryotes, including human RNPS1, the sr<span class="hlt">45</span>-1 null mutant is viable. Narrow flower petals and reduced seed formation suggest that SR<span class="hlt">45</span> regulates genes involved in diverse processes, including reproduction. To understand how SR<span class="hlt">45</span> is involved in the regulation of reproductive processes, we studied mRNA from the wild-type and sr<span class="hlt">45</span>-1 inflorescences using RNA-seq, and identified SR<span class="hlt">45</span>-bound RNAs by immunoprecipitation. Using <span class="hlt">a</span> variety of bioinformatics tools, we identified <span class="hlt">a</span> total of 358 SR<span class="hlt">45</span> differentially regulated (SDR) genes, 542 SR<span class="hlt">45</span>-dependent alternative splicing (SAS) events, and 1812 SR<span class="hlt">45</span>-associated RNAs (SARs). There is little overlap between SDR genes and SAS genes, and neither set of genes is enriched for flower or seed development. However, transcripts from reproductive process genes are significantly overrepresented in SARs. In exploring the fate of SARs, we found that <span class="hlt">a</span> total of 81 SARs are subject to alternative splicing, while 14 of them are known Nonsense-Mediated <span class="hlt">Decay</span> (NMD) targets. Motifs related to GGNGG are enriched both in SARs and near different types of SAS events, suggesting that SR<span class="hlt">45</span> recognizes this motif directly. Genes involved in plant defense are significantly over-represented among genes whose expression is suppressed by SR<span class="hlt">45</span>, and sr<span class="hlt">45</span>-1 plants do indeed show enhanced immunity. We find that SR<span class="hlt">45</span> is <span class="hlt">a</span> suppressor of innate immunity. We find that <span class="hlt">a</span> single motif (GGNGG) is highly enriched in both RNAs bound by SR<span class="hlt">45</span> and in sequences near SR<span class="hlt">45</span>- dependent alternative splicing events in inflorescence tissue. We find that the alternative splicing events regulated by SR<span class="hlt">45</span> are enriched for this motif whether the effect of SR<span class="hlt">45</span> is activation or repression of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3160233','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3160233"><span>Iconic <span class="hlt">Decay</span> in Schizophrenia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hahn, Britta; Kappenman, Emily S.; Robinson, Benjamin M.; Fuller, Rebecca L.; Luck, Steven J.; Gold, James M.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Working memory impairment is considered <span class="hlt">a</span> core deficit in schizophrenia, but the precise nature of this deficit has not been determined. Multiple lines of evidence implicate deficits at the encoding stage. During encoding, information is held in <span class="hlt">a</span> precategorical sensory store termed iconic memory, <span class="hlt">a</span> literal image of the stimulus with high capacity but rapid <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Pathologically increased iconic <span class="hlt">decay</span> could reduce the number of items that can be transferred into working memory before the information is lost and could thus contribute to the working memory deficit seen in the illness. The current study used <span class="hlt">a</span> partial report procedure to test the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia (n = 37) display faster iconic memory <span class="hlt">decay</span> than matched healthy control participants (n = 28). Six letters, arranged in <span class="hlt">a</span> circle, were presented for 50 ms. Following <span class="hlt">a</span> variable delay of 0–1000 ms, <span class="hlt">a</span> central arrow cue indicated the item to be reported. In both patients and control subjects, recall accuracy decreased with increasing cue delay, reflecting <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the iconic representation of the stimulus array. Patients displayed impaired memory performance across all cue delays, consistent with an impairment in working memory, but the rate of iconic memory <span class="hlt">decay</span> did not differ between patients and controls. This provides clear evidence against faster loss of iconic memory representations in schizophrenia, ruling out iconic <span class="hlt">decay</span> as an underlying source of the working memory impairment in this population. Thus, iconic <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate can be added to <span class="hlt">a</span> growing list of unimpaired cognitive building blocks in schizophrenia. PMID:20053864</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20053864','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20053864"><span>Iconic <span class="hlt">decay</span> in schizophrenia.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hahn, Britta; Kappenman, Emily S; Robinson, Benjamin M; Fuller, Rebecca L; Luck, Steven J; Gold, James M</p> <p>2011-09-01</p> <p>Working memory impairment is considered <span class="hlt">a</span> core deficit in schizophrenia, but the precise nature of this deficit has not been determined. Multiple lines of evidence implicate deficits at the encoding stage. During encoding, information is held in <span class="hlt">a</span> precategorical sensory store termed iconic memory, <span class="hlt">a</span> literal image of the stimulus with high capacity but rapid <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Pathologically increased iconic <span class="hlt">decay</span> could reduce the number of items that can be transferred into working memory before the information is lost and could thus contribute to the working memory deficit seen in the illness. The current study used <span class="hlt">a</span> partial report procedure to test the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia (n = 37) display faster iconic memory <span class="hlt">decay</span> than matched healthy control participants (n = 28). Six letters, arranged in <span class="hlt">a</span> circle, were presented for 50 ms. Following <span class="hlt">a</span> variable delay of 0-1000 ms, <span class="hlt">a</span> central arrow cue indicated the item to be reported. In both patients and control subjects, recall accuracy decreased with increasing cue delay, reflecting <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the iconic representation of the stimulus array. Patients displayed impaired memory performance across all cue delays, consistent with an impairment in working memory, but the rate of iconic memory <span class="hlt">decay</span> did not differ between patients and controls. This provides clear evidence against faster loss of iconic memory representations in schizophrenia, ruling out iconic <span class="hlt">decay</span> as an underlying source of the working memory impairment in this population. Thus, iconic <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate can be added to <span class="hlt">a</span> growing list of unimpaired cognitive building blocks in schizophrenia.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.478.2267W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.478.2267W"><span>Roto-chemical <span class="hlt">heating</span> in <span class="hlt">a</span> neutron star with fall-back disc accretion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wei, Wei; Liu, Xi-Wei; Zheng, Xiao-Ping</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>Recent research on the classical pulsar B0950+08 demonstrates that the explanation of its high surface temperature by roto-chemical <span class="hlt">heating</span> encounters some difficulties. We assume that there is <span class="hlt">a</span> fall-back disc around the newborn neutron star, which originates from the supernova ejecta and influences the spin and magnetic evolution of the star. By taking into account disc accretion and magnetic field evolution simultaneously, the effect of the fall-back disc accretion process on the roto-chemical <span class="hlt">heating</span> in the neutron star is studied. The results show that there are two roto-chemical deviation phases (spin-up deviation and spin-down deviation), but that only the spin-down deviation leads to <span class="hlt">heating</span>. The specific cooling curve depends on the accretion disc mass, the initial magnetic field and the magnetic field <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate. Most importantly, the observations of surface temperature, magnetic field strength and spin period of the classical pulsar B0950+08 are well explained by the accretion roto-chemical <span class="hlt">heating</span> model. The fall-back accretion process is important in roto-chemical <span class="hlt">heating</span> for explanations of classical pulsars with high temperature. Given the absence of any evidence of fall-back accretion on to B0950+08, our study is purely hypothetical.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28384428','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28384428"><span>Stress Responses to <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Exposure in Three Species of Australian Desert Birds.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xie, Shangzhe; Romero, L Michael; Htut, Zaw Win; McWhorter, Todd J</p> <p></p> <p>Birds need to respond to weather changes quickly and appropriately for their own well-being and survival. The inability to respond appropriately to <span class="hlt">heat</span> waves can be fatal to individual birds and can translate into large-scale mortality events. We investigated corticosterone (CORT) and heterophil∶lymphocyte (H∶L) ratio responses of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), and diamond doves (Geopelia cuneata) to <span class="hlt">heat</span> exposures. The birds were exposed to <span class="hlt">a</span> temperature similar to what they experience during <span class="hlt">a</span> typical summer day (35°C) and <span class="hlt">a</span> higher temperature (<span class="hlt">45</span>°C) similar to that experienced during <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave. There were no significant increases between the CORT concentrations before and after <span class="hlt">heat</span> exposure in zebra finches and budgerigars at 35° and <span class="hlt">45</span>°C, but there was <span class="hlt">a</span> significant increase in CORT concentrations in diamond doves after exposure to <span class="hlt">45</span>°C. The H∶L ratios increased significantly after <span class="hlt">heat</span> exposure in budgerigars at 35° and <span class="hlt">45</span>°C and in diamond doves at 35°C. No significant correlation was found between the changes in CORT and H∶L ratios. The data suggest that there are species differences in birds' stress responses to <span class="hlt">heat</span> exposure that may reflect their ability to detect and adapt to high temperatures. There appear to be differences between the two types of stress measurements, which may reflect differences in the timescales of these responses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870030519&hterms=Physiology+aldosterone&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DPhysiology%2Baldosterone','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870030519&hterms=Physiology+aldosterone&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DPhysiology%2Baldosterone"><span>Plasma aldosterone and sweat sodium concentrations after exercise and <span class="hlt">heat</span> acclimation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kirby, C. R.; Convertino, V. A.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>The relationship between plasma aldosterone levels and sweat sodium excretion after chronic exercise and <span class="hlt">heat</span> acclimation was investigated, using subjects exercised, at 40 C and <span class="hlt">45</span> percent humidity, for 2 h/day on ten consecutive days at <span class="hlt">45</span> percent of their maximal oxygen uptake. The data indicate that, following <span class="hlt">heat</span> acclimation, plasma aldosterone concentrations decrease, and that the eccrine gland responsiveness to aldosterone, as represented by sweat sodium reabsorption, may be augmented through exercise and <span class="hlt">heat</span> acclimation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6272362','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6272362"><span>Thulium <span class="hlt">heat</span> source IR D Project 91-031</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Walter, C.E.; Kammeraad, J.E.; Newman, J.G.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>The goal of the Thulium <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Source study is to determine the performance capability and evaluate the safety and environmental aspects of <span class="hlt">a</span> thulium-170 <span class="hlt">heat</span> source. Thulium-170 has several attractive features, including the fact that it <span class="hlt">decays</span> to <span class="hlt">a</span> stable, chemically innocuous isotope in <span class="hlt">a</span> relatively short time. <span class="hlt">A</span> longer-range goal is to attract government funding for the development, fabrication, and demonstration testing in an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) of one or more thulium isotope power (TIP) prototype systems. The approach is to study parametrically the performance of thulium-170 <span class="hlt">heat</span> source designs in the power range of 5-50 kW{sub th}.more » At least three <span class="hlt">heat</span> source designs will be characterized in this power range to assess their performance, mass, and volume. The authors will determine shielding requirements, and consider the safety and environmental aspects of their use.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120008181','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120008181"><span>Composite Stress Rupture: <span class="hlt">A</span> New Reliability Model Based on Strength <span class="hlt">Decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Reeder, James R.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> model is proposed to estimate reliability for stress rupture of composite overwrap pressure vessels (COPVs) and similar composite structures. This new reliability model is generated by assuming <span class="hlt">a</span> strength degradation (or <span class="hlt">decay</span>) over time. The model suggests that most of the strength <span class="hlt">decay</span> occurs late in life. The strength <span class="hlt">decay</span> model will be shown to predict <span class="hlt">a</span> response similar to that predicted by <span class="hlt">a</span> traditional reliability model for stress rupture based on tests at <span class="hlt">a</span> single stress level. In addition, the model predicts that even though there is strength <span class="hlt">decay</span> due to proof loading, <span class="hlt">a</span> significant overall increase in reliability is gained by eliminating any weak vessels, which would fail early. The model predicts that there should be significant periods of safe life following proof loading, because time is required for the strength to <span class="hlt">decay</span> from the proof stress level to the subsequent loading level. Suggestions for testing the strength <span class="hlt">decay</span> reliability model have been made. If the strength <span class="hlt">decay</span> reliability model predictions are shown through testing to be accurate, COPVs may be designed to carry <span class="hlt">a</span> higher level of stress than is currently allowed, which will enable the production of lighter structures</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhyA..458...95Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhyA..458...95Z"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> generalized voter model with time-<span class="hlt">decaying</span> memory on <span class="hlt">a</span> multilayer network</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhong, Li-Xin; Xu, Wen-Juan; Chen, Rong-Da; Zhong, Chen-Yang; Qiu, Tian; Shi, Yong-Dong; Wang, Li-Liang</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>By incorporating <span class="hlt">a</span> multilayer network and time-<span class="hlt">decaying</span> memory into the original voter model, we investigate the coupled effects of spatial and temporal accumulation of peer pressure on the consensus. Heterogeneity in peer pressure and the time-<span class="hlt">decaying</span> mechanism are both shown to be detrimental to the consensus. We find the transition points below which <span class="hlt">a</span> consensus can always be reached and above which two opposed opinions are more likely to coexist. Our mean-field analysis indicates that the phase transitions in the present model are governed by the cumulative influence of peer pressure and the updating threshold. We find <span class="hlt">a</span> functional relation between the consensus threshold and the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate of the influence of peer is found. As to the pressure. The time required to reach <span class="hlt">a</span> consensus is governed by the coupling of the memory length and the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate. An intermediate <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate may greatly reduce the time required to reach <span class="hlt">a</span> consensus.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoJI.214..265V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoJI.214..265V"><span>Temperature and <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux scaling laws for isoviscous, infinite Prandtl number mixed <span class="hlt">heating</span> convection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vilella, Kenny; Deschamps, Frédéric</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>Thermal evolution of terrestrial planets is controlled by <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer through their silicate mantles. <span class="hlt">A</span> suitable framework for modelling this <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport is <span class="hlt">a</span> system including bottom <span class="hlt">heating</span> (from the core) and internal <span class="hlt">heating</span>, for example, generated by secular cooling or by the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of radioactive isotopes. The mechanism of <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer depends on the physical properties of the system. In systems where convection is able to operate, two different regimes are possible depending on the relative amount of bottom and internal <span class="hlt">heating</span>. For moderate internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates, the system is composed of active hot upwellings and cold downwellings. For large internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates, the bottom <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux becomes negative and the system is only composed of active cold downwellings. Here, we build theoretical scaling laws for both convective regimes following the approach of Vilella & Kaminski (2017), which links the surface <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux and the temperature jump across both the top and the bottom thermal boundary layer (TBL) to the Rayleigh number and the dimensionless internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate. Theoretical predictions are then verified against numerical simulations performed in 2-D and 3-D Cartesiangeometry, and covering <span class="hlt">a</span> large range of the parameter space. Our theoretical scaling laws are more successful in predicting the thermal structure of systems with large internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates than that of systems with no or moderate internal <span class="hlt">heating</span>. The differences between moderate and large internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates are interpreted as differences in the mechanisms generating thermal instabilities. We identified three mechanisms: conductive growth of the TBL, instability impacting, and TBL erosion, the last two being present only for moderate internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates, in which hot plumes are generated at the bottom of the system and are able to reach the surface. Finally, we apply our scaling laws to the evolution of the early Earth, proposing <span class="hlt">a</span> new model for the cooling of the primordial</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoJI.tmp..134V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoJI.tmp..134V"><span>Temperature and <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux scaling laws for isoviscous, infinite Prandtl number mixed <span class="hlt">heating</span> convection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vilella, Kenny; Deschamps, Frederic</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Thermal evolution of terrestrial planets is controlled by <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer through their silicate mantles. <span class="hlt">A</span> suitable framework for modelling this <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport is <span class="hlt">a</span> system including bottom <span class="hlt">heating</span> (from the core) and internal <span class="hlt">heating</span>, e.g., generated by secular cooling or by the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of radioactive isotopes. The mechanism of <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer depends on the physical properties of the system. In systems where convection is able to operate, two different regimes are possible depending on the relative amount of bottom and internal <span class="hlt">heating</span>. For moderate internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates, the system is composed of active hot upwellings and cold downwellings. For large internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates, the bottom <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux becomes negative and the system is only composed of active cold downwellings. Here, we build theoretical scaling laws for both convective regimes following the approach of Vilella & Kaminski (2017), which links the surface <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux and the temperature jump across both the top and bottom thermal boundary layer (TBL) to the Rayleigh number and the dimensionless internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate. Theoretical predictions are then verified against numerical simulations performed in 2D and 3D-Cartesian geometry, and covering <span class="hlt">a</span> large range of the parameter space. Our theoretical scaling laws are more successful in predicting the thermal structure of systems with large internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates than that of systems with no or moderate internal <span class="hlt">heating</span>. The differences between moderate and large internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates are interpreted as differences in the mechanisms generating thermal instabilities. We identified three mechanisms: conductive growth of the TBL, instability impacting, and TBL erosion, the last two being present only for moderate internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates, in which hot plumes are generated at the bottom of the system and are able to reach the surface. Finally, we apply our scaling laws to the evolution of the early Earth, proposing <span class="hlt">a</span> new model for the cooling of the primordial magma ocean</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1132351-development-variable-speed-residential-air-source-integrated-heat-pump','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1132351-development-variable-speed-residential-air-source-integrated-heat-pump"><span>Development of <span class="hlt">a</span> Variable-Speed Residential Air-Source Integrated <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Pump</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rice, C Keith; Shen, Bo; Munk, Jeffrey D</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> residential air-source integrated <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump (AS-IHP) is under development in partnership with <span class="hlt">a</span> U.S. manufacturer. <span class="hlt">A</span> nominal 10.6 kW (3-ton) cooling capacity variable-speed unit, the system provides both space conditioning and water <span class="hlt">heating</span>. This multi-functional unit can provide domestic water <span class="hlt">heating</span> (DWH) in either full condensing (FC) (dedicated water <span class="hlt">heating</span> or simultaneous space cooling and water <span class="hlt">heating</span>) or desuperheating (DS) operation modes. Laboratory test data were used to calibrate <span class="hlt">a</span> vapor-compression simulation model for each mode of operation. The model was used to optimize the internal control options for efficiency while maintaining acceptable comfort conditions and refrigerant-side pressures andmore » temperatures within allowable operating envelopes. Annual simulations were performed with the AS-IHP installed in <span class="hlt">a</span> well-insulated house in five U.S. climate zones. The AS-IHP is predicted to use <span class="hlt">45</span> to 60% less energy than <span class="hlt">a</span> DOE minimum efficiency baseline system while meeting total annual space conditioning and water <span class="hlt">heating</span> loads. Water <span class="hlt">heating</span> energy use is lowered by 60 to 75% in cold to warmer climates, respectively. Plans are to field test the unit in Knoxville, TN.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MsT..........9B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MsT..........9B"><span>Design of an Experimental Facility for Passive <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Removal in Advanced Nuclear Reactors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bersano, Andrea</p> <p></p> <p>With reference to innovative <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchangers to be used in passive safety system of Gen- eration IV nuclear reactors and Small Modular Reactors it is necessary to study the natural circulation and the efficiency of <span class="hlt">heat</span> removal systems. Especially in safety systems, as the <span class="hlt">decay</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> removal system of many reactors, it is increasing the use of passive components in order to improve their availability and reliability during possible accidental scenarios, reducing the need of human intervention. Many of these systems are based on natural circulation, so they require an intense analysis due to the possible instability of the related phenomena. The aim of this thesis work is to build <span class="hlt">a</span> scaled facility which can reproduce, in <span class="hlt">a</span> simplified way, the <span class="hlt">decay</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> removal system (DHR2) of the lead-cooled fast reactor ALFRED and, in particular, the bayonet <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger, which transfers <span class="hlt">heat</span> from lead to water. Given the thermal power to be removed, the natural circulation flow rate and the pressure drops will be studied both experimentally and numerically using the code RELAP5 3D. The first phase of preliminary analysis and project includes: the calculations to design the <span class="hlt">heat</span> source and <span class="hlt">heat</span> sink, the choice of materials and components and CAD drawings of the facility. After that, the numerical study is performed using the thermal-hydraulic code RELAP5 3D in order to simulate the behavior of the system. The purpose is to run pretest simulations of the facility to optimize the dimensioning setting the operative parameters (temperature, pressure, etc.) and to chose the most adequate measurement devices. The model of the system is continually developed to better simulate the system studied. High attention is dedicated to the control logic of the system to obtain acceptable results. The initial experimental tests phase consists in cold zero power tests of the facility in order to characterize and to calibrate the pressure drops. In future works the experimental results will be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6282754-mediterranean-report-heated-pipeline-offloads-tankers','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6282754-mediterranean-report-heated-pipeline-offloads-tankers"><span>Mediterranean report/<span class="hlt">heated</span> pipeline offloads tankers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Not Available</p> <p>1979-08-01</p> <p>The first <span class="hlt">heated</span> submarine pipeline in Europe, according to Anonima Petroli Italiana, is now in operation from their Falconara Refinery near Ancona, Italy, to an existing offshore loading facility. The 3850 m long, 24 inch wide line, laid on the seabottom at 3-14 m depths, was built to offload high pour/high viscosity crudes requiring <span class="hlt">a</span> minimum constant discharge temperature of <span class="hlt">45</span>-65 C. Four 3.5 mm <span class="hlt">heating</span> pipes (three operating and one spare) were stretch-welded to the outside of the line at <span class="hlt">45</span> degree angles to each other; they are <span class="hlt">heated</span> at about 100 m/m by <span class="hlt">a</span> parasitic current formed onmore » the pipe while 1500 volt current is passed through <span class="hlt">a</span> cable inside the pipe. The <span class="hlt">heating</span> system is equipped with an electric feeding installation, automatic power regulation, and remote sensors applied along the sea line. The <span class="hlt">heating</span> pipes were protected with <span class="hlt">a</span> coat of epoxy tar paint, <span class="hlt">a</span> 50 mm thick and 70 kg/cm dense sprayed-on urethane foam coat, <span class="hlt">a</span> sheath of butyric elastomer covered with an adhering 3 mm coat of polyethylene, and <span class="hlt">a</span> concrete coat for protection and weighting. Specially designed water stops were placed at both ends of every line section under the waterproofing. Industria Construzioni Opere Publiche prefabricated the line on shore and laid it from shore.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/26008','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/26008"><span>Early detection and progression of <span class="hlt">decay</span> in L-joints and lap-joints in <span class="hlt">a</span> moderate <span class="hlt">decay</span> hazard zone</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Carol A. Clausen; Terry L. Highley; Daniel L. Lindner</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Accelerated test methods are needed to evaluate the initiation and progression of <span class="hlt">decay</span> in wood exposed aboveground. The relationship between test conditions and initiation of <span class="hlt">decay</span>, however, is poorly understood. Southern pine and maple L-joints and lap-joints were exposed aboveground in <span class="hlt">a</span> configuration that encouraged water entrapment at the Valley View Experimental...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020051879&hterms=building+codes&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dbuilding%2Bcodes','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020051879&hterms=building+codes&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dbuilding%2Bcodes"><span>JAE: <span class="hlt">A</span> Jupiter Atmospheric Entry Probe <span class="hlt">Heating</span> Code</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wercinski, Paul F.; Tauber, Michael E.; Yang, Lily</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>The strong gravitational attraction of Jupiter on probes approaching the planet results in very high atmospheric entry velocities. The values relative to the rotating atmosphere can vary from about 47 to 60 km/sec, depending on the latitude of the entry. Therefore, the peak <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates and <span class="hlt">heat</span> shield mass fractions exceed those for any other atmospheric entries. For example, the Galileo probe's <span class="hlt">heat</span> shield mass fraction was 50%, of which <span class="hlt">45</span>% was devoted to the forebody. Although the Galileo probe's mission was very successful, many more scientific questions about the Jovian atmosphere remain to be answered and additional probe missions are being planned. Recent developments in microelectronics have raised the possibility of building smaller and less expensive probes than Galileo. Therefore, it was desirable to develop <span class="hlt">a</span> code that could quickly compute the forebody entry <span class="hlt">heating</span> environments when performing parametric probe sizing studies. The Jupiter Atmospheric Entry (JAE) code was developed to meet this requirement. The body geometry consists of <span class="hlt">a</span> blunt-nosed conical shape of arbitrary nose and base radius and cone angles up to about 65 deg at zero angle of attack.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19720013997','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19720013997"><span>After <span class="hlt">heat</span> distribution of <span class="hlt">a</span> mobile nuclear power plant</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Parker, W. G.; Vanbibber, L. E.; Tang, Y. S.</p> <p>1971-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> computer program was developed to analyze the transient afterheat temperature and pressure response of <span class="hlt">a</span> mobile gas-cooled reactor power plant following impact. The program considers (in addition to the standard modes of <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer) fission product <span class="hlt">decay</span> and transport, metal-water reactions, core and shield melting and displacement, and pressure and containment vessel stress response. Analyses were performed for eight cases (both deformed and undeformed models) to verify operability of the program options. The results indicated that for <span class="hlt">a</span> 350 psi (241 n/sq cm) initial internal pressure, the containment vessel can survive over 100,000 seconds following impact before creep rupture occurs. Recommendations were developed as to directions for redesign to extend containment vessel life.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23664656','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23664656"><span>Development of numerical model for predicting <span class="hlt">heat</span> generation and temperatures in MSW landfills.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hanson, James L; Yeşiller, Nazli; Onnen, Michael T; Liu, Wei-Lien; Oettle, Nicolas K; Marinos, Janelle A</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> numerical modeling approach has been developed for predicting temperatures in municipal solid waste landfills. Model formulation and details of boundary conditions are described. Model performance was evaluated using field data from <span class="hlt">a</span> landfill in Michigan, USA. The numerical approach was based on finite element analysis incorporating transient conductive <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> generation functions representing decomposition of wastes were empirically developed and incorporated to the formulation. Thermal properties of materials were determined using experimental testing, field observations, and data reported in literature. The boundary conditions consisted of seasonal temperature cycles at the ground surface and constant temperatures at the far-field boundary. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> generation functions were developed sequentially using varying degrees of conceptual complexity in modeling. First <span class="hlt">a</span> step-function was developed to represent initial (aerobic) and residual (anaerobic) conditions. Second, an exponential growth-<span class="hlt">decay</span> function was established. Third, the function was scaled for temperature dependency. Finally, an energy-expended function was developed to simulate <span class="hlt">heat</span> generation with waste age as <span class="hlt">a</span> function of temperature. Results are presented and compared to field data for the temperature-dependent growth-<span class="hlt">decay</span> functions. The formulations developed can be used for prediction of temperatures within various components of landfill systems (liner, waste mass, cover, and surrounding subgrade), determination of frost depths, and determination of <span class="hlt">heat</span> gain due to decomposition of wastes. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5903658','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5903658"><span>Accuracy, reliability, and timing of visual evaluations of <span class="hlt">decay</span> in fresh-cut lettuce</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hayes, Ryan J.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Visual assessments are used for evaluating the quality of food products, such as fresh-cut lettuce packaged in bags with modified atmosphere. We have compared the accuracy and the reliability of visual evaluations of <span class="hlt">decay</span> on fresh-cut lettuce performed with experienced and inexperienced raters. In addition, we have analyzed <span class="hlt">decay</span> data from over <span class="hlt">4.5</span> thousand bags to determine the optimum timing for evaluations to detect differences among accessions. Lin’s concordance coefficient (ρc) that takes into consideration both the closeness of the data and the conformance to the identity line showed high repeatability (intra-rater reliability, ρc = 0.97), reproducibility (inter-rater reliability, ρc = 0.92), and accuracy (ρc = 0.96) for experienced raters. Inexperienced raters did not perform as well and their ratings showed decreased repeatability (ρc = 0.93), but even larger reduction in reproducibility (ρc = 0.80) and accuracy (ρc = 0.90). We have detected that 5.3% of ratings were outside of the 95% limits of agreement. These under- or overestimates were predominantly found for bags with intermediate levels of <span class="hlt">decay</span>, which corresponds to the middle of the rating scale. This occurs because intermediate amounts of <span class="hlt">decay</span> are more difficult to discriminate than extremes. The frequencies of aberrant ratings for experienced raters ranged from 0.6% to 4.4% (mean = 2.1%), for inexperienced raters the frequencies were substantially higher, ranging from 6.1% to 15.6% (mean = 9.4%). Therefore, we recommend that new raters receive training that includes practical examples in this range of <span class="hlt">decay</span>, use of standard area diagrams, and continuing interaction with experienced raters (consultation during actual rating). Very high agreement among experienced raters indicate that visual ratings can be successfully used for evaluations of <span class="hlt">decay</span>, until <span class="hlt">a</span> more objective, rapid, and affordable method is developed. We recommend evaluating samples at multiple time points until 42 days</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880010028','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880010028"><span>Trajectory characteristics and <span class="hlt">heating</span> of hypervelocity projectiles having large ballistic coefficients</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Tauber, Michael E.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> simple, approximate equation describing the velocity-density relationship (or velocity-altitude) has been derived from the flight of large ballistic coefficient projectiles launched at high speeds. The calculations obtained by using the approximate equation compared well with results for numerical integrations of the exact equations of motion. The flightpath equation was used to parametrically calculate maximum body decelerations and stagnation pressures for initial velocities from 2 to 6 km/s. Expressions were derived for the stagnation-point convective <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates and total <span class="hlt">heat</span> loads. The stagnation-point <span class="hlt">heating</span> was parametrically calculated for <span class="hlt">a</span> nonablating wall and an ablating carbon surface. Although the <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates were very high, the pulse <span class="hlt">decayed</span> quickly. The total nose-region <span class="hlt">heat</span> shield weight was conservatively estimated to be only about 1 percent of the body mass.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NIMPA.735...66L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NIMPA.735...66L"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> segmented, enriched N-type germanium detector for neutrinoless double beta-<span class="hlt">decay</span> experiments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Leviner, L. E.; Aalseth, C. E.; Ahmed, M. W.; Avignone, F. T.; Back, H. O.; Barabash, A. S.; Boswell, M.; De Braeckeleer, L.; Brudanin, V. B.; Chan, Y.-D.; Egorov, V. G.; Elliott, S. R.; Gehman, V. M.; Hossbach, T. W.; Kephart, J. D.; Kidd, M. F.; Konovalov, S. I.; Lesko, K. T.; Li, Jingyi; Mei, D.-M.; Mikhailov, S.; Miley, H.; Radford, D. C.; Reeves, J.; Sandukovsky, V. G.; Umatov, V. I.; Underwood, T. A.; Tornow, W.; Wu, Y. K.; Young, A. R.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>We present data characterizing the performance of the first segmented, N-type Ge detector, isotopically enriched to 85% 76Ge. This detector, based on the Ortec PT6×2 design and referred to as SEGA (Segmented, Enriched Germanium Assembly), was developed as <span class="hlt">a</span> possible prototype for neutrinoless double beta-<span class="hlt">decay</span> measurements by the MAJORANA collaboration. We present some of the general characteristics (including bias potential, efficiency, leakage current, and integral cross-talk) for this detector in its temporary cryostat. We also present an analysis of the resolution of the detector, and demonstrate that for all but two segments there is at least one channel that reaches the MAJORANA resolution goal below 4 keV FWHM at 2039 keV, and all channels are below <span class="hlt">4.5</span> keV FWHM.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20180000637&hterms=Henning&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DHenning','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20180000637&hterms=Henning&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DHenning"><span>Relevance of Tidal <span class="hlt">Heating</span> on Large TNOs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Saxena, Prabal; Renaud, Joe P.; Henning, Wade G.; Jutzi, Martin; Hurford, Terry A.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>We examine the relevance of tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> for large Trans-Neptunian Objects, with <span class="hlt">a</span> focus on its potential to melt and maintain layers of subsurface liquid water. Depending on their past orbital evolution, tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> may be an important part of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> budget for <span class="hlt">a</span> number of discovered and hypothetical TNO systems and may enable formation of, and increased access to, subsurface liquid water. Tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> induced by the process of despinning is found to be particularly able to compete with <span class="hlt">heating</span> due to radionuclide <span class="hlt">decay</span> in <span class="hlt">a</span> number of different scenarios. In cases where radiogenic <span class="hlt">heating</span> alone may establish subsurface conditions for liquid water, we focus on the extent by which tidal activity lifts the depth of such conditions closer to the surface. While it is common for strong tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> and long lived tides to be mutually exclusive, we find this is not always the case, and highlight when these two traits occur together. We find cases where TNO systems experience tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> that is <span class="hlt">a</span> significant proportion of, or greater than radiogenic <span class="hlt">heating</span> for periods ranging from100 s of millions to <span class="hlt">a</span> billion years. For subsurface oceans that contain <span class="hlt">a</span> small antifreeze component, tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> due to very high initial spin states may enable liquid water to be preserved right up to the present day. Of particular interest is the Eris-Dysnomia system, which in those cases may exhibit extant cryovolcanism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Icar..302..245S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Icar..302..245S"><span>Relevance of tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> on large TNOs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Saxena, Prabal; Renaud, Joe P.; Henning, Wade G.; Jutzi, Martin; Hurford, Terry</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>We examine the relevance of tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> for large Trans-Neptunian Objects, with <span class="hlt">a</span> focus on its potential to melt and maintain layers of subsurface liquid water. Depending on their past orbital evolution, tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> may be an important part of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> budget for <span class="hlt">a</span> number of discovered and hypothetical TNO systems and may enable formation of, and increased access to, subsurface liquid water. Tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> induced by the process of despinning is found to be particularly able to compete with <span class="hlt">heating</span> due to radionuclide <span class="hlt">decay</span> in <span class="hlt">a</span> number of different scenarios. In cases where radiogenic <span class="hlt">heating</span> alone may establish subsurface conditions for liquid water, we focus on the extent by which tidal activity lifts the depth of such conditions closer to the surface. While it is common for strong tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> and long lived tides to be mutually exclusive, we find this is not always the case, and highlight when these two traits occur together. We find cases where TNO systems experience tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> that is <span class="hlt">a</span> significant proportion of, or greater than radiogenic <span class="hlt">heating</span> for periods ranging from100‧s of millions to <span class="hlt">a</span> billion years. For subsurface oceans that contain <span class="hlt">a</span> small antifreeze component, tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> due to very high initial spin states may enable liquid water to be preserved right up to the present day. Of particular interest is the Eris-Dysnomia system, which in those cases may exhibit extant cryovolcanism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DNP.EA185C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DNP.EA185C"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> of 34Mg</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chaney, Donlad; Benjamin Luna Collaboration</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>One of concepts of modern physics that is not understood is the strong nuclear force. One manifestation of this is our lack of understanding of so-called `islands of inversion', which are groups of nuclides which have deformed ground states. It is known that 34Mg is included in this island, and that its <span class="hlt">decay</span> (34Al) has <span class="hlt">a</span> mixed ground state configuration. By studying their <span class="hlt">decays</span> we hoped to discover definitive information about the branching ratios and the half lives of 34Mg and 34Al. In order to accomplish these goals, we studied the gamma radiation from the <span class="hlt">decays</span> of 34Mg and 34Al. <span class="hlt">A</span> Magnesium beam was implanted into <span class="hlt">a</span> strip of mylar tape and transported to the center of an array of scintillators and germanium detectors, which has allowed us to determine the half-lives for the <span class="hlt">decays</span>, and the branching ratios for the beta <span class="hlt">decay</span>. My work on this project began with writing scripts to draw histograms with the data, and using those histograms to gather information that would allow me to gate our data on any number of variables and pieces of information. By cutting out bad portions of our data collection runs and gating on the coincidence of beta <span class="hlt">decays</span> and other gamma rays, I was able to cut out <span class="hlt">a</span> significant amount background radiation from our data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013RvMaP..2530007M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013RvMaP..2530007M"><span>Asymptotic Time <span class="hlt">Decay</span> in Quantum Physics: <span class="hlt">a</span> Selective Review and Some New Results</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marchetti, Domingos H. U.; Wreszinski, Walter F.</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Decay</span> of various quantities (return or survival probability, correlation functions) in time are the basis of <span class="hlt">a</span> multitude of important and interesting phenomena in quantum physics, ranging from spectral properties, resonances, return and approach to equilibrium, to dynamical stability properties and irreversibility and the "arrow of time" in [Asymptotic Time <span class="hlt">Decay</span> in Quantum Physics (World Scientific, 2013)]. In this review, we study several types of <span class="hlt">decay</span> — <span class="hlt">decay</span> in the average, <span class="hlt">decay</span> in the Lp-sense, and pointwise <span class="hlt">decay</span> — of the Fourier-Stieltjes transform of <span class="hlt">a</span> measure, usually identified with the spectral measure, which appear naturally in different mathematical and physical settings. In particular, <span class="hlt">decay</span> in the Lp-sense is related both to pointwise <span class="hlt">decay</span> and to <span class="hlt">decay</span> in the average and, from <span class="hlt">a</span> physical standpoint, relates to <span class="hlt">a</span> rigorous form of the time-energy uncertainty relation. Both <span class="hlt">decay</span> on the average and in the Lp-sense are related to spectral properties, in particular, absolute continuity of the spectral measure. The study of pointwise <span class="hlt">decay</span> for singular continuous measures (Rajchman measures) provides <span class="hlt">a</span> bridge between ergodic theory, number theory and analysis, including the method of stationary phase. The theory is illustrated by some new results in the theory of sparse models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJMPS..4660002S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJMPS..4660002S"><span>Double Beta <span class="hlt">Decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shirai, Junpei</p> <p></p> <p>Double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> is <span class="hlt">a</span> key process to reveal <span class="hlt">a</span> fundamental property of neutrinos. If neutrinos are Majorana particles, that is they are equivalent to their antiparticles, neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) <span class="hlt">decay</span>, (<span class="hlt">A</span>,Z) → (<span class="hlt">A</span>,Z + 2) + 2e‑, would occur. The process is beyond the standard model and would lead to <span class="hlt">a</span> scenario which can explain the extremely small masses of neutrinos and provide <span class="hlt">a</span> solution to the current matter dominance of the world. In this talk experimental efforts searching for 0νββ <span class="hlt">decays</span> are presented. Then, major 0νββ experiments together with searches using 136Xe nuclei are described, followed by the current status of the KamLAND-Zen experiment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nonli..29.3215H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nonli..29.3215H"><span>Propagation of solutions to the Fisher-KPP equation with slowly <span class="hlt">decaying</span> initial data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Henderson, Christopher</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>The Fisher-KPP equation is <span class="hlt">a</span> model for population dynamics that has generated <span class="hlt">a</span> huge amount of interest since its introduction in 1937. The speed with which <span class="hlt">a</span> population spreads has been computed quite precisely when the initial data, u 0, <span class="hlt">decays</span> exponentially. More recently, though, the case when the initial data <span class="hlt">decays</span> more slowly has been studied. In Hamel F and Roques L (2010 J. Differ. Equ. 249 1726-<span class="hlt">45</span>), the authors show that the level sets of height of m of u move super-linearly and may be bounded above and below by expressions of the form u0-1≤ft({{c}m}{{\\text{e}}-t}\\right) when u 0 <span class="hlt">decays</span> algebraically of <span class="hlt">a</span> small enough order. The constants c m for the upper and lower bounds that they obtain are not explicit and do not match. In this paper, we improve their precision for <span class="hlt">a</span> broader class of initial data and for <span class="hlt">a</span> broader class of equations. In particular, our approach yields the explicit highest order term in the location of the level sets, which in the most basic setting is given by u0-1≤ft(m{{\\text{e}}-t}/(1-m)\\right) as long as u 0 <span class="hlt">decays</span> slower than {{\\text{e}}-\\sqrt{x}} . We generalize this to the previously unstudied setting when the nonlinearity is periodic in space. In addition, for large times, we characterize the profile of the solution in terms of <span class="hlt">a</span> generalized logistic equation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19376651','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19376651"><span>Modeling transient <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer in nuclear waste repositories.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Shaw-Yang; Yeh, Hund-Der</p> <p>2009-09-30</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">heat</span> of high-level nuclear waste may be generated and released from <span class="hlt">a</span> canister at final disposal sites. The waste <span class="hlt">heat</span> may affect the engineering properties of waste canisters, buffers, and backfill material in the emplacement tunnel and the host rock. This study addresses the problem of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> generated from the waste canister and analyzes the <span class="hlt">heat</span> distribution between the buffer and the host rock, which is considered as <span class="hlt">a</span> radial two-layer <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux problem. <span class="hlt">A</span> conceptual model is first constructed for the <span class="hlt">heat</span> conduction in <span class="hlt">a</span> nuclear waste repository and then mathematical equations are formulated for modeling <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow distribution at repository sites. The Laplace transforms are employed to develop <span class="hlt">a</span> solution for the temperature distributions in the buffer and the host rock in the Laplace domain, which is numerically inverted to the time-domain solution using the modified Crump method. The transient temperature distributions for both the single- and multi-borehole cases are simulated in the hypothetical geological repositories of nuclear waste. The results show that the temperature distributions in the thermal field are significantly affected by the <span class="hlt">decay</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> of the waste canister, the thermal properties of the buffer and the host rock, the disposal spacing, and the thickness of the host rock at <span class="hlt">a</span> nuclear waste repository.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NPPP..273...52A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NPPP..273...52A"><span>Rare <span class="hlt">decays</span> in quark flavour physics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Albrecht, Johannes; LHCb Collaboration</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Rare heavy-flavour <span class="hlt">decays</span> are an ideal place to search for the effects of potential new particles that modify the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates or the Lorentz structure of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> vertices. Recent results on Flavour Changing Neutral Current <span class="hlt">decays</span> from the LHC are reviewed. An emphasis is put on the very rare <span class="hlt">decay</span> Bs0 →μ+μ-, which was recently observed by the CMS and LHCb experiments, on <span class="hlt">a</span> recent test of lepton universality in loop processes and on the analysis of the angular distributions of the B0 →K*0μ+μ- <span class="hlt">decays</span>, both by the LHCb collaboration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1164784.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1164784.pdf"><span>Siphons, Water Clocks, Cooling Coffee, and Leaking Capacitors: Classroom Activities and <span class="hlt">a</span> Few Equations to Help Students Understand Radioactive <span class="hlt">Decay</span> and Other Exponential Processes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brady, John B.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Although an understanding of radiometric dating is central to the preparation of every geologist, many students struggle with the concepts and mathematics of radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Physical demonstrations and hands-on experiments can be used to good effect in addressing this teaching conundrum. Water, <span class="hlt">heat</span>, and electrons all move or flow in response…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28140651','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28140651"><span>The impact of the postharvest environment on the viability and virulence of <span class="hlt">decay</span> fungi.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Jia; Sui, Yuan; Wisniewski, Michael; Xie, Zhigang; Liu, Yiqing; You, Yuming; Zhang, Xiaojing; Sun, Zhiqiang; Li, Wenhua; Li, Yan; Wang, Qi</p> <p>2018-07-03</p> <p>Postharvest <span class="hlt">decay</span> of fruits, vegetables, and grains by fungal pathogens causes significant economic losses. Infected produce presents <span class="hlt">a</span> potential health risk since some <span class="hlt">decay</span> fungi produce mycotoxins that are hazardous to human health. Infections are the result of the interplay between host resistance and pathogen virulence. Both of these processes, however, are significantly impacted by environmental factors, such as temperature, UV, oxidative stress, and water activity. In the present review, the impact of various physical postharvest treatments (e.g., <span class="hlt">heat</span> and UV) on the viability and virulence of postharvest pathogens is reviewed and discussed. Oxidative injury, protein impairment, and cell wall degradation have all been proposed as the mechanisms by which these abiotic stresses reduce fungal viability and pathogenicity. The response of <span class="hlt">decay</span> fungi to pH and the ability of pathogens to modulate the pH of the host environment also affect pathogenicity. The effects of the manipulation of the postharvest environment by ethylene, natural edible coatings, and controlled atmosphere storage on fungal viability are also discussed. Lastly, avenues of future research are proposed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IJBm...60..131G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IJBm...60..131G"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span>-related illness in China, summer of 2013</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gu, Shaohua; Huang, Cunrui; Bai, Li; Chu, Cordia; Liu, Qiyong</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Extreme <span class="hlt">heat</span> events have occurred more frequently in China in recent years, leading to serious impacts on human life and the health care system. To identify the characteristics of individuals with <span class="hlt">heat</span>-related illnesses in China during the summer of 2013, we collected the data from the <span class="hlt">Heat</span>-related Illness Surveillance System in Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). <span class="hlt">A</span> total of 5758 cases were reported in the summer of 2013, mostly concentrated in urban areas around the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. We found <span class="hlt">a</span> difference in age distribution of percentage of deaths from <span class="hlt">heat</span>-related illness between males and females. Severe cases in males mostly occurred in the age group <span class="hlt">45</span>-74 years but in females mostly in the age group over 75. <span class="hlt">A</span> distributed lag non-linear model had been used to identify population vulnerabilities in Ningbo and Chongqing. The results show that there was <span class="hlt">a</span> clear positive relationship between maximum temperature and <span class="hlt">heat</span>-related illness, and the <span class="hlt">heat</span> effect was nonlinear and could last for 3 days. The elderly and males in the range of <span class="hlt">45</span>-64 years old might be the most vulnerable people of <span class="hlt">heat</span>-related illness in China. We also highlighted some deficiencies of the surveillance system, such that the reported data were not accurate, comprehensive, or timely enough at this stage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A%26A...609A..31J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A%26A...609A..31J"><span>Harvesting the <span class="hlt">decay</span> energy of 26Al to drive lightning discharge in protoplanetary discs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Johansen, Anders; Okuzumi, Satoshi</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Chondrules in primitive meteorites likely formed by recrystallisation of dust aggregates that were flash-<span class="hlt">heated</span> to nearly complete melting. Chondrules may represent the building blocks of rocky planetesimals and protoplanets in the inner regions of protoplanetary discs, but the source of ubiquitous thermal processing of their dust aggregate precursors remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that escape of positrons released in the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the short-lived radionuclide 26Al leads to <span class="hlt">a</span> large-scale charging of dense pebble structures, resulting in neutralisation by lightning discharge and flash-<span class="hlt">heating</span> of dust and pebbles. This charging mechanism is similar to <span class="hlt">a</span> nuclear battery where <span class="hlt">a</span> radioactive source charges <span class="hlt">a</span> capacitor. We show that the nuclear battery effect operates in circumplanetesimal pebble discs. The extremely high pebble densities in such discs are consistent with conditions during chondrule <span class="hlt">heating</span> inferred from the high abundance of sodium within chondrules. The sedimented mid-plane layer of the protoplanetary disc may also be prone to charging by the emission of positrons, if the mass density of small dust there is at least an order of magnitude above the gas density. Our results imply that the <span class="hlt">decay</span> energy of 26Al can be harvested to drive intense lightning activity in protoplanetary discs. The total energy stored in positron emission is comparable to the energy needed to melt all solids in the protoplanetary disc. The efficiency of transferring the positron energy to the electric field nevertheless depends on the relatively unknown distribution and scale-dependence of pebble density gradients in circumplanetesimal pebble discs and in the protoplanetary disc mid-plane layer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16384207','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16384207"><span>Search for rare and forbidden <span class="hlt">decays</span> D+ --> h+/- e+/- e+.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>He, Q; Muramatsu, H; Park, C S; Thorndike, E H; Coan, T E; Gao, Y S; Liu, F; Artuso, M; Boulahouache, C; Blusk, S; Butt, J; Dorjkhaidav, O; Li, J; Menaa, N; Mountain, R; Nandakumar, R; Randrianarivony, K; Redjimi, R; Sia, R; Skwarnicki, T; Stone, S; Wang, J C; Zhang, K; Csorna, S E; Bonvicini, G; Cinabro, D; Dubrovin, M; Briere, R A; Chen, G P; Chen, J; Ferguson, T; Tatishvili, G; Vogel, H; Watkins, M E; Rosner, J L; Adam, N E; Alexander, J P; Berkelman, K; Cassel, D G; Crede, V; Duboscq, J E; Ecklund, K M; Ehrlich, R; Fields, L; Galik, R S; Gibbons, L; Gittelman, B; Gray, R; Gray, S W; Hartill, D L; Heltsley, B K; Hertz, D; Jones, C D; Kandaswamy, J; Kreinick, D L; Kuznetsov, V E; Mahlke-Krüger, H; Meyer, T O; Onyisi, P U E; Patterson, J R; Peterson, D; Phillips, E A; Pivarski, J; Riley, D; Ryd, A; Sadoff, A J; Schwarthoff, H; Shi, X; Shepherd, M R; Stroiney, S; Sun, W M; Urner, D; Wilksen, T; Weaver, K M; Weinberger, M; Athar, S B; Avery, P; Breva-Newell, L; Patel, R; Potlia, V; Stoeck, H; Yelton, J; Rubin, P; Cawlfield, C; Eisenstein, B I; Gollin, G D; Karliner, I; Kim, D; Lowrey, N; Naik, P; Sedlack, C; Selen, M; White, E J; Williams, J; Wiss, J; Asner, D M; Edwards, K W; Besson, D; Pedlar, T K; Cronin-Hennessy, D; Gao, K Y; Gong, D T; Hietala, J; Kubota, Y; Klein, T; Lang, B W; Li, S Z; Poling, R; Scott, A W; Smith, A; Dobbs, S; Metreveli, Z; Seth, K K; Tomaradze, A; Zweber, P; Ernst, J; Severini, H; Dytman, S A; Love, W; Mehrabyan, S; Mueller, J A; Savinov, V; Li, Z; Lopez, A; Mendez, H; Ramirez, J; Huang, G S; Miller, D H; Pavlunin, V; Sanghi, B; Shipsey, I P J; Adams, G S; Cravey, M; Cummings, J P; Danko, I; Napolitano, J</p> <p>2005-11-25</p> <p>Using 0.8 x 10(6) D+ D- pairs collected with the CLEO-c detector at the psi(3770) resonance, we have searched for flavor-changing neutral current and lepton-number-violating <span class="hlt">decays</span> of D+ mesons to final states with dielectrons. We find no indication of either, obtaining 90% confidence level upper limits of B(D+ --> pi+ e+ e-) < 7.4 x 10(-6), B(D+ --> pi- e+ d+) < 3.6 x 10(-6), B(D+ --> K+ e+ e-) < 6.2 x 10(-6), and B(D+ --> K- e+ e+) < <span class="hlt">4.5</span> x 10(-6).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21367827','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21367827"><span>Force <span class="hlt">decay</span> of elastomeric chains - <span class="hlt">a</span> mechanical design and product comparison study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Balhoff, David A; Shuldberg, Matthew; Hagan, Joseph L; Ballard, Richard W; Armbruster, Paul C</p> <p>2011-03-01</p> <p>To evaluate the percentage force <span class="hlt">decay</span> of elastomeric chain products utilizing three different design mechanisms simulating canine retraction; and to evaluate the percentage force <span class="hlt">decay</span> of elastomeric chain products from four different companies. In vitro, laboratory study. LSUHSC Dental School, New Orleans, LA, USA. Closed (non-spaced), grey elastomeric chains from four companies were selected for the study. Three acrylic resin jigs were constructed to provide <span class="hlt">a</span> framework for three simulated space closure mechanisms. The 6-5-3, the chain loop, and the 6-3 were the configuration mechanisms used in the study. An electronic force gauge was used to measure the percentage force <span class="hlt">decay</span> associated with each elastomeric chain over 28 days at preselected times. There was <span class="hlt">a</span> significant difference in the mean percentage force <span class="hlt">decay</span> for the three different mechanisms (P < 0·001). For all four companies, the 6-3 mechanical design had the smallest mean percentage force <span class="hlt">decay</span>. There was <span class="hlt">a</span> significant difference in the mean percentage force <span class="hlt">decay</span> for the different companies (P < 0·001). For all three mechanisms, Ormco had the smallest percentage force <span class="hlt">decay</span> while Unitek had the highest percentage force <span class="hlt">decay</span>. The significant difference in the mean percentage force <span class="hlt">decay</span> for the different mechanisms suggests that the 6-3 design is <span class="hlt">a</span> more efficient means of closing extraction spaces utilizing elastomeric chains.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApPhL.112s3502S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApPhL.112s3502S"><span>Modeling and impacts of the latent <span class="hlt">heat</span> of phase change and specific <span class="hlt">heat</span> for phase change materials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Scoggin, J.; Khan, R. S.; Silva, H.; Gokirmak, A.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>We model the latent <span class="hlt">heats</span> of crystallization and fusion in phase change materials with <span class="hlt">a</span> unified latent <span class="hlt">heat</span> of phase change, ensuring energy conservation by coupling the <span class="hlt">heat</span> of phase change with amorphous and crystalline specific <span class="hlt">heats</span>. We demonstrate the model with 2-D finite element simulations of Ge2Sb2Te5 and find that the <span class="hlt">heat</span> of phase change increases local temperature up to 180 K in 300 nm × 300 nm structures during crystallization, significantly impacting grain distributions. We also show in electrothermal simulations of <span class="hlt">45</span> nm confined and 10 nm mushroom cells that the higher amorphous specific <span class="hlt">heat</span> predicted by this model increases nucleation probability at the end of reset operations. These nuclei can decrease set time, leading to variability, as demonstrated for the mushroom cell.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJWC.14201014F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJWC.14201014F"><span>Light Meson <span class="hlt">Decays</span> at BESIII</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fang, Shuangshi</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>At present the world's largest sample of 1.3 billion J/ψ events was accumulated at the BESIII detector, which offers <span class="hlt">a</span> unique place to study light meson <span class="hlt">decays</span>. The recent results on the light meson <span class="hlt">decays</span> are reviewed in this talk. An emphasis is put on the significant progresses on the study of η/η' <span class="hlt">decays</span>, including Dalitz plot analysis of η/η' → πππ, observation of new <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes (η' → π+π-π+(0)π-(0), η' → ρ±π∓, η' → γe+e- and η' → e+e-ω), study of η' → γπ+π- and search for the rare <span class="hlt">decay</span> of η' → Kπ. In addition, <span class="hlt">a</span> prospect on the Dalitz plot analysis of ω → π+π-π0 is presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70013358','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70013358"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> note on drillhole depths required for reliable <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow determinations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Chapman, D.S.; Howell, J.; Sass, J.H.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>In general, there is <span class="hlt">a</span> limiting depth in <span class="hlt">a</span> drillhole above which the reliability of <span class="hlt">a</span> single determination of <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow decreases rapidly with decreasing depth and below which the statistical uncertainty of <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow determination does not change perceptibly with increasing depth. This feature has been established empirically for <span class="hlt">a</span> test case comprising <span class="hlt">a</span> group of twelve <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow sites in the Republic of Zambia. The technique consists of constructing <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow versus depth curves for individual sites by progressively discarding data from the lower part of the hole and recomputing <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow from the remaining data. For the Zambian test case, the curves converge towards <span class="hlt">a</span> uniform value of 67 ?? 3 mW m-2 when all available data are used, but values of <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow calculated for shallow(< 100 m) parts of the same holes range from <span class="hlt">45</span> to 95 mW m-2. The <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow versus depth curves are enclosed by <span class="hlt">a</span> perturbation envelope which has an amplitude of 40 mW m-2 at the surface and decreases linearly to the noise level at 190 m. For the test region of Zambia <span class="hlt">a</span> depth of 170 m is needed to guarantee <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow measurement within ?? 10% of the background regional value. It is reasonable to expect that this depth will be shallower in some regions and deeper in others. Features of <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow perturbation envelopes can be used as quantitative reliability indices for <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow studies. ?? 1984.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4708063-search-decay-mu-yields-e+-nu-gamma','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4708063-search-decay-mu-yields-e+-nu-gamma"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> SEARCH FOR THE <span class="hlt">DECAY</span> $mu$$Yields$e+$nu$ $gamma$</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Frankel, S.; Frati, W.; Halpern, J.</p> <p>1963-02-16</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> search for the <span class="hlt">decay</span> mu min gave no sig e + gamma is made using spark chambers and sodium iodide crystals. The spark chambers provide the means of measuring the angle between the electron and photon, while the sodium iodide crystals are used to measure the particle energies. <span class="hlt">A</span> lithium target and thin (0.001 in.) aluminum foils in the spark chamber are used to minimize the scattering of the electron. An upper limit of 4.3, 10/sup -8/ (90% confidence) is found for the ratio of the rate of the mu min gave no sig e + gamma <span class="hlt">decay</span> tomore » the normal muon <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate. <span class="hlt">A</span> search for the <span class="hlt">decay</span> mu min gave no sig e + gamma + gamma is also made. (auth)« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PAN....79.1488G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PAN....79.1488G"><span>Radiative <span class="hlt">decays</span> at LHCb</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Giubega, L. E.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Precise measurements on rare radiative B <span class="hlt">decays</span> are performed with the LHCb experiment at LHC. The LHCb results regarding the ratio of branching fractions for two radiative <span class="hlt">decays</span>, B 0 → K *0 γ and B s → ϕ γ, the direct CP asymmetry in B 0 → K *0 γ <span class="hlt">decay</span> channel and the observation of the photon polarization in the B ± → K ±π∓π± γ <span class="hlt">decay</span>, are included. The first two measurements were performed in 1 fb-1 of pp collisions data and the third one in 3 fb-1 of data, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvD..97e5017M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvD..97e5017M"><span>Exploring <span class="hlt">a</span> nonminimal sterile neutrino model involving <span class="hlt">decay</span> at IceCube</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Moss, Z.; Moulai, M. H.; Argüelles, C. A.; Conrad, J. M.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>We study the phenomenology of neutrino <span class="hlt">decay</span> together with neutrino oscillations in the context of eV-scale sterile neutrinos. We review the formalism of visible neutrino <span class="hlt">decay</span> in which one of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> products is <span class="hlt">a</span> neutrino that potentially can be observed. We apply the formalism developed for <span class="hlt">decay</span> to the recent sterile neutrino search performed by IceCube with TeV neutrinos. We show that for <span class="hlt">a</span> ν4 lifetime τ4/m4≲10-16 eV-1 s , the interpretation of the high-energy IceCube analysis can be significantly changed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRA..12110536W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRA..12110536W"><span>Parametric instability induced by X-mode wave <span class="hlt">heating</span> at EISCAT</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Xiang; Zhou, Chen; Liu, Moran; Honary, Farideh; Ni, Binbin; Zhao, Zhengyu</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>In this paper, we present results of parametric instability induced by X-mode wave <span class="hlt">heating</span> observed by EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association) radar at Tromsø, Norway. Three typical X-mode ionospheric <span class="hlt">heating</span> experiments on 22 October 2013, 19 October 2012, and 21 February 2013 are investigated in details. Both parametric <span class="hlt">decay</span> instability (PDI) and oscillating two-stream instability are observed during the X-mode <span class="hlt">heating</span> period. We suggest that the full dispersion relationship of the Langmuir wave can be employed to analyze the X-mode parametric instability excitation. <span class="hlt">A</span> modified kinetic electron distribution is proposed and analyzed, which is able to satisfy the matching condition of parametric instability excitation. Parallel electric field component of X-mode <span class="hlt">heating</span> wave can also exceed the parametric instability excitation threshold under certain conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/5889','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/5889"><span>Protecting log cabins from <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>R. M. Rowell; J. M. Black; L. R. Gjovik; W. C. Feist</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>This report answers the questions most often asked of the Forest Service on the protection of log cabins from <span class="hlt">decay</span>, and on practices for the exterior finishing and maintenance of existing cabins. Causes of stain and <span class="hlt">decay</span> are discussed, as are some basic techniques for building <span class="hlt">a</span> cabin that will minimize <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Selection and handling of logs, their preservative...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PhRvE..53.2740A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PhRvE..53.2740A"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> instability of an electron plasma wave in <span class="hlt">a</span> dusty plasma</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Amin, M. R.; Ferdous, T.; Salimullah, M.</p> <p>1996-03-01</p> <p>The parametric <span class="hlt">decay</span> instability of an electron plasma wave in <span class="hlt">a</span> homogeneous, unmagnetized, hot and collisionless dusty plasma has been investigated analytically. The Vlasov equation has been solved perturbatively to find the nonlinear response of the plasma particles. The presence of the charged dust grains introduces <span class="hlt">a</span> background inhomogeneous electric field that significantly influences the dispersive properties of the plasma and the <span class="hlt">decay</span> process. The growth rate of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> instability through the usual ion-acoustic mode is modified, and depends upon the dust perturbation parameter μi, dust correlation length q0, and the related ion motion. However, the <span class="hlt">decay</span> process of the electron plasma wave through the ultralow frequency dust mode, excited due to the presence of the dust particles, is more efficient than the <span class="hlt">decay</span> through the usual ion-acoustic mode in the dusty plasma.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790016127','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790016127"><span>Design, fabrication and test of <span class="hlt">a</span> hydrogen <span class="hlt">heat</span> pipe. [extruding and grooving 6063-T6 aluminum tubes for cryogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> pipes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Alario, J.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>Re-entrant groove technology was extended to hydrogen <span class="hlt">heat</span> pipes. Parametric analyses are presented which optimize the theoretical design while considering the limitations of state-of-the-art extrusion technology. The 6063-T6 aluminum extrusion is 14.6 mm OD with <span class="hlt">a</span> wall thickness of 1.66 mm and contains 20 axial grooves which surround <span class="hlt">a</span> central 9.3 mm diameter vapor core. Each axial groove is 0.775 mm diameter with <span class="hlt">a</span> 0.33 mm opening. An excess vapor reservoir is provided at the evaporator to minimize the pressure containment hazard during ambient storage. Modifications to the basic re-entrant groove profile resulted in improved overall performance. While the maximum <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport capacity decreased slightly to 103 w-m the static wicking height increased markedly to <span class="hlt">4.5</span> cm. The <span class="hlt">heat</span> pipe became operational between 20 and 30 K after <span class="hlt">a</span> cooldown from 77 K without any difficulty. Steady state performance data taken over <span class="hlt">a</span> 19 to 23 K temperature range indicated: (1) maximum <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport capacity of 5.4 w-m; (2) static wicking height of 1.42 cm; and (3) overall <span class="hlt">heat</span> pipe conductance of 1.7 watts/deg C.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9009917','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9009917"><span>Force <span class="hlt">decay</span> and deformation of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Taloumis, L J; Smith, T M; Hondrum, S O; Lorton, L</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>This study evaluated commercially available molded gray elastomeric ligatures from seven companies for force <span class="hlt">decay</span>, dimensional change, and the relationship between ligature dimension and force. The initial wall thickness, inside diameter, outside diameter, and force levels of each ligature were measured. Three of four test groups of ligatures were stretched over stainless steel dowels with <span class="hlt">a</span> circumference approximating that of <span class="hlt">a</span> large orthodontic twin bracket. Test group 1 was kept at room temperature and humidity for 28 days and test group 2 in <span class="hlt">a</span> synthetic saliva bath at 37 degrees C, pH 6.84 for 28 days. The residual forces and dimensional changes were measured. The third test group was placed in <span class="hlt">a</span> synthetic saliva bath at 37 degrees C, pH 6.84, and force levels recorded at initial, 24 hours, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The fourth test group of unstretched samples was placed in <span class="hlt">a</span> synthetic saliva bath at 37 degrees C, pH 6.84 for 28 days to evaluate dimensional changes due solely to moisture sorption. The results for stretched samples in <span class="hlt">a</span> simulated oral environment revealed the following: (1) Moisture and <span class="hlt">heat</span> had <span class="hlt">a</span> pronounced effect on force <span class="hlt">decay</span> and permanent deformation, (2) <span class="hlt">a</span> positive correlation existed between the wall thickness and force, (3) <span class="hlt">a</span> negative correlation existed between the inside diameter and force, (4) <span class="hlt">a</span> weak correlation existed between outside diameter and force, (5) the greatest force loss occurred in the first 24 hours and the <span class="hlt">decay</span> pattern was similar for all ligatures tested, and (6) unstretched ligatures absorbed moisture in the range of 0.060% to 3.15%. The ligatures tested appear to be suitable for use during initial aligning and leveling. However, the rapid force loss and permanent deformation of these products may preclude their use for rotational and torque corrections.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004CoPhC.159....1B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004CoPhC.159....1B"><span>KEWPIE: <span class="hlt">A</span> dynamical cascade code for <span class="hlt">decaying</span> exited compound nuclei</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bouriquet, Bertrand; Abe, Yasuhisa; Boilley, David</p> <p>2004-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> new dynamical cascade code for <span class="hlt">decaying</span> hot nuclei is proposed and specially adapted to the synthesis of super-heavy nuclei. For such <span class="hlt">a</span> case, the interesting channel is of the tiny fraction that will <span class="hlt">decay</span> through particles emission, thus the code avoids classical Monte-Carlo methods and proposes <span class="hlt">a</span> new numerical scheme. The time dependence is explicitely taken into account in order to cope with the fact that fission <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate might not be constant. The code allows to evaluate both statistical and dynamical observables. Results are successfully compared to experimental data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4497452','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4497452"><span>Initial measurements of O-ion and He-ion <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates observed from the Van Allen probes RBSPICE instrument</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gerrard, Andrew; Lanzerotti, Louis; Gkioulidou, Matina; Mitchell, Donald; Manweiler, Jerry; Bortnik, Jacob; Keika, Kunihiro</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>H-ion (∼<span class="hlt">45</span> keV to ∼600 keV), He-ion (∼65 keV to ∼520 keV), and O-ion (∼140 keV to ∼1130 keV) integral flux measurements, from the Radiation Belt Storm Probe Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE) instrument aboard the Van Allan Probes spacecraft B, are reported. These abundance data form <span class="hlt">a</span> cohesive picture of ring current ions during the first 9 months of measurements. Furthermore, the data presented herein are used to show injection characteristics via the He-ion/H-ion abundance ratio and the O-ion/H-ion abundance ratio. Of unique interest to ring current dynamics are the spatial-temporal <span class="hlt">decay</span> characteristics of the two injected populations. We observe that He-ions <span class="hlt">decay</span> more quickly at lower L shells, on the order of ∼0.8 day at L shells of 3–4, and <span class="hlt">decay</span> more slowly with higher L shell, on the order of ∼1.7 days at L shells of 5–6. Conversely, O-ions <span class="hlt">decay</span> very rapidly (∼1.5 h) across all L shells. The He-ion <span class="hlt">decay</span> time are consistent with previously measured and calculated lifetimes associated with charge exchange. The O-ion <span class="hlt">decay</span> time is much faster than predicted and is attributed to the inclusion of higher-energy (> 500 keV) O-ions in our <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate estimation. We note that these measurements demonstrate <span class="hlt">a</span> compelling need for calculation of high-energy O-ion loss rates, which have not been adequately studied in the literature to date. Key Points We report initial observations of ring current ions We show that He-ion <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates are consistent with theory We show that O-ions with energies greater than 500 keV <span class="hlt">decay</span> very rapidly PMID:26167435</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27093113','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27093113"><span>Differential <span class="hlt">heat</span> sensitivity index in barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) monitored by chlorophyll <span class="hlt">a</span> fluorescence OKJIP.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Oukarroum, Abdallah; El Madidi, Saïd; Strasser, Reto J</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>The objective of this study was to differentiate the <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance in ten varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) originating from Morocco. Five modern varieties and five landraces (local varieties) collected at five different geographical localities in the south of Morocco were investigated in the present study. After two weeks of growth, detached leaves were short term exposure to various temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40, and <span class="hlt">45</span> °C) for 10 min in the dark. Two chlorophyll <span class="hlt">a</span> fluorescence parameters derived from chlorophyll <span class="hlt">a</span> fluorescence transient (OKJIP) (performance index (PIABS) and relative variable fluorescence at the K-step (VK)) were analysed. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> treatment had <span class="hlt">a</span> significant effect on the PIABS and VK at <span class="hlt">45</span> °C treatment and the analysis of variance for PIABS and VK is highly significant between all varieties. The slope of the relationship between logPIABS and VK named <span class="hlt">heat</span> sensitivity index (HSI) was used to evaluate the thermotolerance of photosystem II (PSII) between the studied barley varieties. According to this approach, barley varieties were screened and ranked for improving <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance. HSI was found to be <span class="hlt">a</span> new indicator with regard to distinguishing <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance of different barley cultivars. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED367516.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED367516.pdf"><span>Reducing Baby Bottle Tooth <span class="hlt">Decay</span>. <span class="hlt">A</span> SERVE Research Brief.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Southeastern Regional Vision for Education (SERVE), Tallahassee, FL.</p> <p></p> <p>This pamphlet discusses strategies for reducing baby bottle tooth <span class="hlt">decay</span> (BBTD) among Native American children. BBTD in infants and toddlers is <span class="hlt">a</span> painful disease characterized by extensive <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the upper front and side teeth. It is caused by prolonged exposure of teeth to carbohydrates, such as those contained in infant formula, milk, and fruit…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyA..492..105L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyA..492..105L"><span>Memory behaviors of entropy production rates in <span class="hlt">heat</span> conduction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Shu-Nan; Cao, Bing-Yang</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Based on the relaxation time approximation and first-order expansion, memory behaviors in <span class="hlt">heat</span> conduction are found between the macroscopic and Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon (BGS) entropy production rates with exponentially <span class="hlt">decaying</span> memory kernels. In the frameworks of classical irreversible thermodynamics (CIT) and BGS statistical mechanics, the memory dependency on the integrated history is unidirectional, while for the extended irreversible thermodynamics (EIT) and BGS entropy production rates, the memory dependences are bidirectional and coexist with the linear terms. When macroscopic and microscopic relaxation times satisfy <span class="hlt">a</span> specific relationship, the entropic memory dependences will be eliminated. There also exist initial effects in entropic memory behaviors, which <span class="hlt">decay</span> exponentially. The second-order term are also discussed, which can be understood as the global non-equilibrium degree. The effects of the second-order term are consisted of three parts: memory dependency, initial value and linear term. The corresponding memory kernels are still exponential and the initial effects of the global non-equilibrium degree also <span class="hlt">decay</span> exponentially.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100030583','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20100030583"><span>Three-Phased Wake Vortex <span class="hlt">Decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Proctor, Fred H.; Ahmad, Nashat N.; Switzer, George S.; LimonDuparcmeur, Fanny M.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> detailed parametric study is conducted that examines vortex <span class="hlt">decay</span> within turbulent and stratified atmospheres. The study uses <span class="hlt">a</span> large eddy simulation model to simulate the out-of-ground effect behavior of wake vortices due to their interaction with atmospheric turbulence and thermal stratification. This paper presents results from <span class="hlt">a</span> parametric investigation and suggests improvements for existing fast-time wake prediction models. This paper also describes <span class="hlt">a</span> three-phased <span class="hlt">decay</span> for wake vortices. The third phase is characterized by <span class="hlt">a</span> relatively slow rate of circulation <span class="hlt">decay</span>, and is associated with the ringvortex stage that occurs following vortex linking. The three-phased <span class="hlt">decay</span> is most prevalent for wakes imbedded within environments having low-turbulence and near-neutral stratification.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhFl...30a1701Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhFl...30a1701Z"><span>Aerodynamic <span class="hlt">heating</span> in transitional hypersonic boundary layers: Role of second-mode instability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhu, Yiding; Chen, Xi; Wu, Jiezhi; Chen, Shiyi; Lee, Cunbiao; Gad-el-Hak, Mohamed</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The evolution of second-mode instabilities in hypersonic boundary layers and its effects on aerodynamic <span class="hlt">heating</span> are investigated. Experiments are conducted in <span class="hlt">a</span> Mach 6 wind tunnel using fast-response pressure sensors, fluorescent temperature-sensitive paint, and particle image velocimetry. Calculations based on parabolic stability equations and direct numerical simulations are also performed. It is found that second-mode waves, accompanied by high-frequency alternating fluid compression and expansion, produce intense aerodynamic <span class="hlt">heating</span> in <span class="hlt">a</span> small region that rapidly <span class="hlt">heats</span> the fluid passing through it. As the second-mode waves <span class="hlt">decay</span> downstream, the dilatation-induced aerodynamic <span class="hlt">heating</span> decreases while its shear-induced counterpart keeps growing. The latter brings about <span class="hlt">a</span> second growth of the surface temperature when transition is completed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvD..97j5002B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvD..97j5002B"><span>Thin-wall approximation in vacuum <span class="hlt">decay</span>: <span class="hlt">A</span> lemma</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brown, Adam R.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The "thin-wall approximation" gives <span class="hlt">a</span> simple estimate of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate of an unstable quantum field. Unfortunately, the approximation is uncontrolled. In this paper I show that there are actually two different thin-wall approximations and that they bracket the true <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate: I prove that one is an upper bound and the other <span class="hlt">a</span> lower bound. In the thin-wall limit, the two approximations converge. In the presence of gravity, <span class="hlt">a</span> generalization of this lemma provides <span class="hlt">a</span> simple sufficient condition for nonperturbative vacuum instability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AtmRe.205..118N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AtmRe.205..118N"><span>Future risk assessment by estimating historical <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave trends with projected <span class="hlt">heat</span> accumulation using SimCLIM climate model in Pakistan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nasim, Wajid; Amin, Asad; Fahad, Shah; Awais, Muhammad; Khan, Naeem; Mubeen, Muhammad; Wahid, Abdul; Turan, Veysel; Rehman, Muhammad Habibur; Ihsan, Muhammad Zahid; Ahmad, Shakeel; Hussain, Sajjad; Mian, Ishaq Ahmad; Khan, Bushra; Jamal, Yousaf</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Climate change has adverse effects at global, regional and local level. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> wave events have serious contribution for global warming and natural hazards in Pakistan. Historical (1997-2015) <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave were analyzed over different provinces (Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan) of Pakistan to identify the maximum temperature trend. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> accumulation in Pakistan were simulated by the General Circulation Model (GCM) combined with 3 GHG (Green House Gases) Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (RCP-<span class="hlt">4.5</span>, 6.0, and 8.5) by using SimCLIM model (statistical downscaling model for future trend projections). <span class="hlt">Heat</span> accumulation was projected for year 2030, 2060, and 2090 for seasonal and annual analysis in Pakistan. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> accumulation were projected to increase by the baseline year (1995) was represented in percentage change. Projection shows that Sindh and southern Punjab was mostly affected by <span class="hlt">heat</span> accumulation. This study identified the rising trend of <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave over the period (1997-2015) for Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan (provinces of Pakistan), which identified that most of the meteorological stations in Punjab and Sindh are highly prone to <span class="hlt">heat</span> waves. According to model projection; future trend of annual <span class="hlt">heat</span> accumulation, in 2030 was increased 17%, 26%, and 32% but for 2060 the trends were reported by 54%, 49%, and 86% for 2090 showed highest upto 62%, 75%, and 140% for RCP-<span class="hlt">4.5</span>, RCP-6.0, and RCP-8.5, respectively. While seasonal trends of <span class="hlt">heat</span> accumulation were projected to maximum values for monsoon and followed by pre-monsoon and post monsoon. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> accumulation in monsoon may affect the agricultural activities in the region under study.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhRvC..90e5501K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhRvC..90e5501K"><span>Two-neutrino double-β <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 150Nd to excited final states in 150Sm</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kidd, M. F.; Esterline, J. H.; Finch, S. W.; Tornow, W.</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>Background: Double-β <span class="hlt">decay</span> is <span class="hlt">a</span> rare nuclear process in which two neutrons in the nucleus are converted to two protons with the emission of two electrons and two electron antineutrinos. Purpose: We measured the half-life of the two-neutrino double-β <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 150Nd to excited final states of 150Sm by detecting the deexcitation γ rays of the daughter nucleus. Method: This study yields the first detection of the coincidence γ rays from the 0 1+ excited state of 150Sm. These γ rays have energies of 333.97 and 406.52 keV and are emitted in coincidence through <span class="hlt">a</span> 01+→21+→0gs+ transition. Results: The enriched Nd2O3 sample consisted of 40.13 g 150Nd and was observed for 642.8 days at the Kimballton Underground Research Facility, producing 21.6 net events in the region of interest. This count rate gives <span class="hlt">a</span> half-life of T1 /2=[1 .07-0.25+0.<span class="hlt">45</span>(stat ) ±0.07 (syst ) ] ×1020 yr. The effective nuclear matrix element was found to be 0.0465 -0.0054+0.0098. Finally, lower limits were obtained for <span class="hlt">decays</span> to higher excited final states. Conclusions: Our half-life measurement agrees within uncertainties with another recent measurement in which no coincidence was employed. Our nuclear matrix element calculation may have an impact on <span class="hlt">a</span> recent neutrinoless double-β <span class="hlt">decay</span> nuclear matrix element calculation which implies that the <span class="hlt">decay</span> to the first excited state in 150Sm is favored over that to the ground state.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19880035805&hterms=ionospheric+modification&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dionospheric%2Bmodification','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19880035805&hterms=ionospheric+modification&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dionospheric%2Bmodification"><span>The theory of ionospheric focused <span class="hlt">heating</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bernhardt, P. A.; Duncan, L. M.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Ionospheric modification by high power radio waves and by chemical releases are combined in <span class="hlt">a</span> theoretical study of ionospheric focused <span class="hlt">heating</span>. The release of materials which promote electron-ion recombination creates <span class="hlt">a</span> hole in the bottomside ionosphere. The ionospheric hole focuses high power radio waves from <span class="hlt">a</span> ground-based transmitter to give <span class="hlt">a</span> 20 dB or greater enhancement in power density. The intense radio beam excites atomic oxygen by collisions with accelerated electrons. Airglow from the excited oxygen provides <span class="hlt">a</span> visible trace of the focused beam. The large increase in the intensity of the radio beam stimulates new wave-plasma interactions. Numerical simulations show that the threshold for the two-plasmon <span class="hlt">decay</span> instability is exceeded. The interaction of the pump electromagnetic wave with the backward plasmon produces <span class="hlt">a</span> scattered electromagnetic wave at 3/2 the pump frequency. The scattered wave provides <span class="hlt">a</span> unique signature of the two-plasmon <span class="hlt">decay</span> process for ground-based detection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960011152&hterms=women+march&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dwomen%2527s%2Bmarch','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19960011152&hterms=women+march&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dwomen%2527s%2Bmarch"><span>Multiple photon emission in heavy particle <span class="hlt">decays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Asakimori, K.; Burnett, T. H.; Cherry, M. L.; Christl, M. J.; Dake, S.; Derrickson, J. H.; Fountain, W. F.; Fuki, M.; Gregory, J. C.; Hayashi, T.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Cosmic ray interactions, at energies above 1 TeV/nucleon, in emulsion chambers flown on high altitude balloons have yielded two events showing apparent <span class="hlt">decays</span> of <span class="hlt">a</span> heavy particle into one charged particle and four photons. The photons converted into electron pairs very close to the <span class="hlt">decay</span> vertex. Attempts to explain this <span class="hlt">decay</span> topology with known particle <span class="hlt">decays</span> are presented. Unless both events represent <span class="hlt">a</span> b yields u transition, which is statistically unlikely, then other known <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes for charmed or bottom particles do not account satisfactorily for these observations. This could indicate, possibly, <span class="hlt">a</span> new <span class="hlt">decay</span> channel.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013DPS....4520107M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013DPS....4520107M"><span>New <span class="hlt">Heating</span> Mechanism of Asteroids in Protoplanetary Disks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Menzel, Raymond L.; Roberge, W. G.</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Heating</span> of asteroids in the early solar system has been mainly attributed to two mechanisms: the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of short-lived radionuclides and the unipolar induction mechanism originally proposed in <span class="hlt">a</span> classic series of papers by Sonett and collaborators. As originally conceived, unipolar induction <span class="hlt">heating</span> is the result of the dissipation of current inside the body driven by <span class="hlt">a</span> “motional electric field”, which appears in the asteroid’s reference frame when it is immersed in <span class="hlt">a</span> fully-ionized, magnetized T-Tauri solar wind. However we point out <span class="hlt">a</span> subtle conceptual error in the way that the electric field is calculated. Strictly speaking, the motional electric field used by Sonett et al. is the electric field in the free-streaming plasma far from the asteroid. For realistic assumptions about the plasma density in protoplanetary disks, the interaction between the plasma and asteroid cause the formation of <span class="hlt">a</span> shear layer, in which the motional electric field decreases and even vanishes at the asteroid surface. We reexamine and improve the induction <span class="hlt">heating</span> mechanism by: (1) correcting this conceptual error by using non-ideal multifluid MHD to self consistently calculate the velocity, magnetic, and electric fields in and around the shear layer; and (2) considering more realistic environments and scenarios that are consistent with current theories about protoplanetary disks. We present solutions for two highly idealized flows, which demonstrate that the electric field inside the asteroid is actually produced by magnetic field gradients in the shear layer, and can either vanish or be comparable to the fields predicted by Sonett et al. depending on the flow geometry. We term this new mechanism “electrodynamic heating”, calculate its possible upper limits, and compare them to <span class="hlt">heating</span> generated by the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of short-lived radionuclides.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3351101','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3351101"><span>Regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Schoenberg, Daniel R.; Maquat, Lynne E.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Discoveries made over the past 20 years highlight the importance of mRNA <span class="hlt">decay</span> as <span class="hlt">a</span> means to modulate gene expression and thereby protein production. Up until recently, studies focused largely on identifying cis-acting sequences that serve as mRNA stability or instability elements, the proteins that bind these elements, how the process of translation influences mRNA <span class="hlt">decay</span>, and the ribonucleases that catalyze <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Now, current studies have begun to elucidate how the <span class="hlt">decay</span> process is regulated. This review examines our current understanding of how mammalian-cell mRNA <span class="hlt">decay</span> is controlled by different signaling pathways and lays out <span class="hlt">a</span> framework for future research. PMID:22392217</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21370890-measurement-inclusive-radiative-meson-decays-photon-energy-threshold-gev','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21370890-measurement-inclusive-radiative-meson-decays-photon-energy-threshold-gev"><span>Measurement of Inclusive Radiative B-Meson <span class="hlt">Decays</span> with <span class="hlt">a</span> Photon Energy Threshold of 1.7 GeV</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Limosani, A.; Barberio, E.; Julius, T.</p> <p>2009-12-11</p> <p>Using 605 fb{sup -1} of data collected at the UPSILON(4S) resonance we present <span class="hlt">a</span> measurement of the inclusive radiative B-meson <span class="hlt">decay</span> channel, B->X{sub s}gamma. For the lower photon energy thresholds of 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, and 2.0 GeV, as defined in the rest frame of the B meson, we measure the partial branching fraction and the mean and variance of the photon energy spectrum. At the 1.7 GeV threshold we obtain the partial branching fraction BF(B->X{sub s}gamma)=(3.<span class="hlt">45</span>+-0.15+-0.40)x10{sup -4}, where the errors are statistical and systematic.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017HMT....53.3229H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017HMT....53.3229H"><span>Design and experimental investigation of <span class="hlt">a</span> neon cryogenic loop <span class="hlt">heat</span> pipe</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>He, Jiang; Guo, Yuandong; Zhang, Hongxing; Miao, Jianyin; Wang, Lu; Lin, Guiping</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Next generation space infrared sensor and detector have pressing requirement for cryogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport technology in the temperature range of 30-40 K. Cryogenic loop <span class="hlt">heat</span> pipe (CLHP) has excellent thermal performance and particular characteristics such as high flexibility transport lines and no moving parts, thus it is regarded as an ideal thermal control solution. <span class="hlt">A</span> neon CLHP referring to infrared point-to-point <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer element in future space application has been designed and experimented. And it could realize supercritical startup successfully. Experimental results show that the supercritical startup were realized successfully at cases of 1.5 W secondary evaporator power, but the startup was failed when 0.5 and 1 W <span class="hlt">heat</span> load applied to secondary evaporator. The maximum <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport capability of primary evaporator is between <span class="hlt">4.5</span> and 5 W with proper auxiliary <span class="hlt">heat</span> load. Before startup, even the <span class="hlt">heat</span> sink temperature decreased to 35 K, the primary evaporator can still maintain at almost 290 K; and the primary evaporator temperature increased at once when the powers were cut off, which indicated the CLHP has <span class="hlt">a</span> perfect function of thermal switch. The CLHP could adapt to sudden changes of the primary evaporator power, and reach <span class="hlt">a</span> new steady-state quickly. Besides, some failure phenomena were observed during the test, which indicated that proper secondary evaporator power and <span class="hlt">heat</span> sink temperature play important roles on the normal operation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvD..97i5021R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvD..97i5021R"><span>Photons coming from an opaque obstacle as <span class="hlt">a</span> manifestation of heavy neutrino <span class="hlt">decays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Reynoso, Matías M.; Romero, Ismael; Sampayo, Oscar A.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Within the framework of physics beyond the standard model, we study the possibility that mesons produced in the atmosphere by the cosmic-ray flux <span class="hlt">decay</span> to heavy Majorana neutrinos and the latter, in turn, <span class="hlt">decay</span> mostly to photons in the low-mass region. We study the photon flux produced by sterile Majorana neutrinos (N ) <span class="hlt">decaying</span> after passing through <span class="hlt">a</span> massive and opaque object such as <span class="hlt">a</span> mountain. To model the production of N 's in the atmosphere and their <span class="hlt">decay</span> to photons, we consider the interaction between the Majorana neutrinos and the standard matter as modeled by an effective theory. We then calculate the heavy neutrino flux originated by the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of mesons in the atmosphere. The surviving photon flux, originated by N <span class="hlt">decays</span>, is calculated using transport equations that include the effects of Majorana neutrino production and <span class="hlt">decay</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJWC.14602009K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJWC.14602009K"><span>The <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Data Evaluation Project (DDEP) and the JEFF-3.3 radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> data library: Combining international collaborative efforts on evaluated <span class="hlt">decay</span> data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kellett, Mark A.; Bersillon, Olivier</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Data Evaluation Project (DDEP), is an international collaboration of <span class="hlt">decay</span> data evaluators formed with groups from France, Germany, USA, China, Romania, Russia, Spain and the UK, mainly from the metrology community. DDEP members have evaluated over 220 radionuclides, following an agreed upon methodology, including <span class="hlt">a</span> peer review. Evaluations include all relevant parameters relating to the nuclear <span class="hlt">decay</span> and the associated atomic processes. An important output of these evaluations are recommendations for new measurements, which can serve as <span class="hlt">a</span> basis for future measurement programmes. Recently evaluated radionuclides include: 18F, 59Fe, 82Rb, 82Sr, 88Y, 90Y, 89Zr, 94mTc, 109Cd, 133Ba, 140Ba, 140La, 151Sm and 169Er. The DDEP recommended data have recently been incorporated into the JEFF-3.3 Radioactive <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Data Library. Other sources of nuclear data include 900 or so radionuclides converted from the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF), 500 from two UK libraries (UKPADD6.12 and UKHEDD2.6), the IAEA Actinide <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Data Library, with the remainder converted from the NUBASE evaluation of nuclear properties. Mean <span class="hlt">decay</span> energies for <span class="hlt">a</span> number of radionuclides determined from total absorption gamma-ray spectroscopy (TAGS) have also been included, as well as more recent European results from TAGS measurements performed at the University of Jyväskylä by groups from the University of Valencia, Spain and SUBATECH, the University of Nantes, France. The current status of the DDEP collaboration and the JEFF Radioactive <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Data Library will be presented. Note to the reader: the pdf file has been changed on September 22, 2017.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMSH33D2266D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMSH33D2266D"><span>Stimulated Parametric <span class="hlt">Decay</span> of Large Amplitude Alfvén waves in the Large Plasma Device (LaPD)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dorfman, S. E.; Carter, T.; Pribyl, P.; Tripathi, S.; Van Compernolle, B.; Vincena, S. T.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Alfvén waves, <span class="hlt">a</span> fundamental mode of magnetized plasmas, are ubiquitous in lab and space. While the linear behaviour of these waves has been extensively studied [1], non-linear effects are important in many real systems, including the solar wind and solar corona. In particular, <span class="hlt">a</span> parametric <span class="hlt">decay</span> process in which <span class="hlt">a</span> large amplitude Alfvén wave <span class="hlt">decays</span> into an ion acoustic wave and backward propagating Alfvén wave may be key to the spectrum of solar wind turbulence. Ion acoustic waves have been observed in the heliosphere, but their origin and role have not yet been determined [2]. Such waves produced by parametric <span class="hlt">decay</span> in the corona could contribute to coronal <span class="hlt">heating</span> [3]. Parametric <span class="hlt">decay</span> has also been suggested as an intermediate instability mediating the observed turbulent cascade of Alfvén waves to small spatial scales [4]. The present laboratory experiments aim to stimulate the parametric <span class="hlt">decay</span> process by launching counter-propagating Alfvén waves from antennas placed at either end of the Large Plasma Device (LaPD). The resulting beat response has <span class="hlt">a</span> dispersion relation consistent with an ion acoustic wave. Also consistent with <span class="hlt">a</span> stimulated <span class="hlt">decay</span> process: 1) The beat amplitude peaks when the frequency difference between the two Alfvén waves is near the value predicted by Alfvén-ion acoustic wave coupling. 2) This peak beat frequency scales with antenna and plasma parameters as predicted by three wave matching. 3) The beat amplitude peaks at the same location as the magnetic field from the Alfvén waves. 4) The beat wave is carried by the ions and propagates in the direction of the higher-frequency Alfvén wave. Strong damping observed after the pump Alfvén waves are turned off and observed <span class="hlt">heating</span> of the plasma by the Alfvén waves are under investigation. [1] W. Gekelman, J. Geophys. Res., 104:14417-14436, July 1999. [2] <span class="hlt">A</span>. Mangeney,et. al., Annales Geophysicae, Volume 17, Number 3 (1999). [3] F. Pruneti, F and M. Velli, ESA Spec. Pub. 404, 623 (1997</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5818172-cardiac-response-whole-body-heating','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5818172-cardiac-response-whole-body-heating"><span>Cardiac response to whole-body <span class="hlt">heating</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Frey, M.A.B.; Kenney, R.A.</p> <p>1979-04-01</p> <p>Systolic time interval analysis was used to assess changes in ventricular function during <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress. Seven subjects (4 M + 3 F, 22-35 yr) participated in the experiments. The <span class="hlt">heating</span> procedure was the following: both legs of seated subjects were immersed to the knees in stirred water maintained at 42-<span class="hlt">45</span> C. The subjects' upper legs and trunks were enclosed in nonpermeable plastic and covered with <span class="hlt">a</span> sheet blanket to reduce <span class="hlt">heat</span> loss. After 30 min of <span class="hlt">heating</span>, the water and plastic were removed. The parameters measured were HR and R-R interval, LVET, and PEP. Results were compared by t testmore » at the 0.05 significance level. The results pointed to <span class="hlt">a</span> two-stage cardiac response to <span class="hlt">heat</span>-vagal withdrawal followed by <span class="hlt">a</span> strong sympathetic outflow to the heart affecting both inotropic and chronotropic characteristics.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22218202-pixel-detectors-double-beta-decay-experiments-new-approach-background-reduction','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22218202-pixel-detectors-double-beta-decay-experiments-new-approach-background-reduction"><span>Pixel detectors in double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> experiments, <span class="hlt">a</span> new approach for background reduction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Jose, J. M.; Čermák, P.; Štekl, I.</p> <p></p> <p>Double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> (ββ) experiments are challenging frontiers in contemporary physics. These experiments have the potential to investigate more about neutrinos (eg. nature and mass). The main challenge for these experiments is the reduction of background. The group at IEAP, CTU in Prague is investigating <span class="hlt">a</span> new approach using pixel detectors Timepix. Pixel detector offer background reduction capabilities with its ability to identify the particle interaction (from the 2D signature it generates). However, use of pixel detectors has some challenges such as the presence of readout electronics near the sensing medium and <span class="hlt">heat</span> dissipation. Different aspects of pixel setup (identificationmore » of radio-impurities, selection of radio-pure materials) and proposed experimental setup are presented. Also, results of preliminary background measurements (performed on the surface and in the underground laboratories) using the prototype setups are presented.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NCimC..38...23L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NCimC..38...23L"><span>Rare <span class="hlt">decays</span> at the LHCb experiment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lanfranchi, G.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Rare flavour-changing neutral-current (FCNC) <span class="hlt">decays</span> of beauty and charm quarks, lepton flavour- and lepton-number-violating <span class="hlt">decays</span> can provide <span class="hlt">a</span> powerful probe for as yet unobserved virtual particles. Recent results on these topics from the LHCb experiment are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the angular distribution of the B^0 → K^{*0}μ^+μ^- <span class="hlt">decay</span>, where <span class="hlt">a</span> measurement performed by LHCb shows <span class="hlt">a</span> local discrepancy of 3.7 standard deviations with respect to the SM prediction. Using the <span class="hlt">decay</span> B+ → K+ π+π- γ , LHCb have also been able to demonstrate the polarisation of photons produced in b → s transitions. An update for the studies dedicated to <span class="hlt">decays</span> τ+ → μ+ μ- μ+ and B^0_{(s)} → μ^{±} e^{∓} and to the on-shell Majorana neutrinos coupling to muons in the B+ → π- μ+ μ+ <span class="hlt">decay</span> channel are also presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT........88B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT........88B"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> search for neutrinoless double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> of tellurium-130</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bryant, Adam Douglas</p> <p></p> <p>This dissertation describes an experimental search for neutrinoless double beta (0nubetabeta) <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 130Te. An observation of 0nubetabeta <span class="hlt">decay</span> would establish that neutrinos are Majorana fermions and would constrain the neutrino mass scale. The data analyzed were collected by two bolometric experiments: CUORICINO and an R&D experiment for CUORE known as the Three Towers Test. Both experiments utilized arrays of TeO 2 crystals operated as bolometers at ˜10 mK in <span class="hlt">a</span> dilution refrigerator. The bolometers measured the energy deposited by particle interactions in the crystals by recording the induced change in crystal temperature. Between the two experiments, there were 81 TeO2 bolometers used in the analysis, each of which was an independent detector of nuclear <span class="hlt">decays</span> as well as <span class="hlt">a</span> source of 130Te. The experiments were conducted underground at <span class="hlt">a</span> depth of about 3300 meters water equivalent in Hall <span class="hlt">A</span> of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Assergi, Italy, in order to shield the detectors from cosmic rays. The data analyzed represent an exposure of 19.9 kg · y of 130Te (18.6 kg · y from CUORICINO and 1.3 kg · y from the Three Towers Test). In addition to the combined analysis of the two experiments, an analysis of CUORICINO data alone is presented in order to compare with an independent analysis being carried out by collaborators at the University of Milano-Bicocca. No signal due to 0nubetabeta <span class="hlt">decay</span> is observed, and therefore <span class="hlt">a</span> limit on the partial half-life for the <span class="hlt">decay</span> is set. From <span class="hlt">a</span> simultaneous fit to the 81 independent detectors, the rate of 0nubetabeta <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 130Te is measured to be Gamma0nubetabeta( 130Te) = (-0.6+/-1.4 (stat.) +/- 0.4 (syst.)) x 10-25 y-1, which corresponds to <span class="hlt">a</span> lower limit on the partial half-life for 0nubetabeta <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 130Te of T0nbb1/2 (130Te) > 3.0x1024 y (90% C.L.). Converting the half-life limit to an upper limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass, mbetabeta, using <span class="hlt">a</span> set of recent nuclear matrix element calculations</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3569439','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3569439"><span>Complex Degradation Processes Lead to Non-Exponential <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Patterns and Age-Dependent <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Rates of Messenger RNA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Deneke, Carlus; Lipowsky, Reinhard; Valleriani, Angelo</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Experimental studies on mRNA stability have established several, qualitatively distinct <span class="hlt">decay</span> patterns for the amount of mRNA within the living cell. Furthermore, <span class="hlt">a</span> variety of different and complex biochemical pathways for mRNA degradation have been identified. The central aim of this paper is to bring together both the experimental evidence about the <span class="hlt">decay</span> patterns and the biochemical knowledge about the multi-step nature of mRNA degradation in <span class="hlt">a</span> coherent mathematical theory. We first introduce <span class="hlt">a</span> mathematical relationship between the mRNA <span class="hlt">decay</span> pattern and the lifetime distribution of individual mRNA molecules. This relationship reveals that the mRNA <span class="hlt">decay</span> patterns at steady state expression level must obey <span class="hlt">a</span> general convexity condition, which applies to any degradation mechanism. Next, we develop <span class="hlt">a</span> theory, formulated as <span class="hlt">a</span> Markov chain model, that recapitulates some aspects of the multi-step nature of mRNA degradation. We apply our theory to experimental data for yeast and explicitly derive the lifetime distribution of the corresponding mRNAs. Thereby, we show how to extract single-molecule properties of an mRNA, such as the age-dependent <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate and the residual lifetime. Finally, we analyze the <span class="hlt">decay</span> patterns of the whole translatome of yeast cells and show that yeast mRNAs can be grouped into three broad classes that exhibit three distinct <span class="hlt">decay</span> patterns. This paper provides both <span class="hlt">a</span> method to accurately analyze non-exponential mRNA <span class="hlt">decay</span> patterns and <span class="hlt">a</span> tool to validate different models of degradation using <span class="hlt">decay</span> data. PMID:23408982</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CoTPh..68...91R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CoTPh..68...91R"><span>Analysis of <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Transfer Phenomenon in Magnetohydrodynamic Casson Fluid Flow Through Cattaneo-Christov <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Diffusion Theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ramesh, G. K.; Gireesha, B. J.; Shehzad, S. A.; Abbasi, F. M.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Heat</span> transport phenomenon of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow by employing Cattaneo-Christov <span class="hlt">heat</span> diffusion theory is described in this work. The term of <span class="hlt">heat</span> absorption/generation is incorporated in the mathematical modeling of present flow problem. The governing mathematical expressions are solved for velocity and temperature profiles using RKF <span class="hlt">45</span> method along with shooting technique. The importance of arising nonlinear quantities namely velocity, temperature, skin-friction and temperature gradient are elaborated via plots. It is explored that the Casson parameter retarded the liquid velocity while it enhances the fluid temperature. Further, we noted that temperature and thickness of temperature boundary layer are weaker in case of Cattaneo-Christov <span class="hlt">heat</span> diffusion model when matched with the profiles obtained for Fourier’s theory of <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22612667-combinedatomicnuclear-decay','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22612667-combinedatomicnuclear-decay"><span>Combinedatomic–nuclear <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Dzyublik, A. Ya., E-mail: dzyublik@ukr.net</p> <p></p> <p>We analyzed in details the combined <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the atomic-nuclear state, which consists of the excited 3/2{sup +} level of {sub 63}{sup 153}Eu and K hole, formed in the K capture by {sup 153}Gd. This <span class="hlt">decay</span> proceeds in two stages. First, the nucleus transfers its energy to 2p electron, which flies into the continuum spectrum, and then returns into 1s hole, emitting γ quantum with the energy equal to the sum of energies of the nuclear and atomic transitions. We estimated the <span class="hlt">decay</span> probability to be 2.2 × 10{sup −13}, that is much less than the recent experimental findings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29401337','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29401337"><span>Skills <span class="hlt">Decay</span> in Military Medical Training: <span class="hlt">A</span> Meta-synthesis of Research Outcomes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Linde, Amber S; Caridha, Jona; Kunkler, Kevin J</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>In fiscal year 2012, the Medical Simulation and Information Sciences Research Program released two Skills <span class="hlt">Decay</span> (SD) research program announcements (PAs) under the Medical Readiness Initiative entitled "Medical Practice Initiative Breadth of Medical Practice & Disease Frequency Exposure (MPI-BMP)" and the "Medical Practice Initiative Procedural Skill <span class="hlt">Decay</span> and Maintenance (MPI-PSD)." The Office of Naval Research also released <span class="hlt">a</span> PA entitled "Medical Modeling and Simulation (MM&S) for Military Training and Education." <span class="hlt">A</span> total investment of $12 M was made. This article provides <span class="hlt">a</span> meta-synthesis of the Skills <span class="hlt">Decay</span> research conducted under these efforts. The MSIRRP Medical Simulation Portfolio collected, reviewed, and analyzed the final reports of the Skills <span class="hlt">Decay</span> research efforts from the three PAs. This paper provides <span class="hlt">a</span> meta-synthesis of the outcomes of those studies. Focus of this study was to determine if the anticipated goals of the Skills <span class="hlt">Decay</span> PAs were met as well as to provide <span class="hlt">a</span> summary of lessons learned to the research community. Fourteen research questions posed by the PAs were structured into four main goals: (1) Skills <span class="hlt">Decay</span> identification, (2) creation/validity of Skills <span class="hlt">Decay</span> tools and feasibility and viability of data extraction project, (3) refreshment training to prevent or alleviate Skills <span class="hlt">Decay</span> project, and (4) Skills <span class="hlt">Decay</span> education content. Using <span class="hlt">a</span> combination of training styles, choosing variables known to have Skills <span class="hlt">Decay</span> predication value, and developing better ways of mining available data that can, in turn, provide feedback to training needs, it is possible for accurate Skills <span class="hlt">Decay</span> models to be developed. These technologies have the ability not only capture the learner's reaction during the simulation, but to capture the simulation outcomes to predict <span class="hlt">a</span> medical professional's level of experience and background. Lessons learned from the investments made by the government are extremely important in order to ensure that the outcomes of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28419470','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28419470"><span>Excessive <span class="hlt">heat</span>-associated gingival necrosis: <span class="hlt">a</span> case report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Barnes, P L; Rossi-Fedele, G</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Heat</span>-delivery devices have been associated with relatively high temperatures. Previous basic research studies suggest that the risk for periodontal tissues is negligible, as the presence of the root filling materials, amongst other factors, reduce the risk of overheating. This report describes the case of <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">45</span> year old male, who was undergoing restorative treatment in <span class="hlt">a</span> multi-specialty dental practice. As part of his overall treatment planning, orthograde root canal retreatment for his maxillary left incisor teeth was deemed necessary, due to chronic apical periodontitis. Following cold lateral compaction, the coronal portion of the core material was severed using <span class="hlt">a</span> System B <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Source (Kerr Dental, Orange, CA, USA), with the patient reporting pain as well as <span class="hlt">a</span> burning sensation. The following day the patient was seen by <span class="hlt">a</span> periodontist and gingival necrosis in relation to the central incisor was found. The most likely cause of the complication was considered to be excessive <span class="hlt">heat</span> during the operative procedure. The patient was followed up for <span class="hlt">a</span> 2-year period and the soft tissues returned to their original condition without the need for periodontal treatment. © 2017 Australian Dental Association.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1128911-dark-decay-top-quark','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1128911-dark-decay-top-quark"><span>Dark <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the top quark</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Kong, Kyoungchul; Lee, Hye -Sung; Park, Myeonghun</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>We suggest top quark <span class="hlt">decays</span> as <span class="hlt">a</span> venue to search for light dark force carriers. Top quark is the heaviest particle in the standard model whose <span class="hlt">decays</span> are relatively poorly measured, allowing sufficient room for exotic <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes from new physics. <span class="hlt">A</span> very light (GeV scale) dark gauge boson (Z') is <span class="hlt">a</span> recently highlighted hypothetical particle that can address some astrophysical anomalies as well as the 3.6 σ deviation in the muon g-2 measurement. We present and study <span class="hlt">a</span> possible scenario that top quark <span class="hlt">decays</span> as t → b W + Z's. This is the same as the dominant topmore » quark <span class="hlt">decay</span> (t → b W) accompanied by one or multiple dark force carriers. The Z' can be easily boosted, and it can <span class="hlt">decay</span> into highly collimated leptons (lepton-jet) with large branching ratio. In addition, we discuss the implications for the Large Hadron Collider experiments including the analysis based on the lepton-jets.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950036468&hterms=NAD&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DNAD','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950036468&hterms=NAD&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DNAD"><span>On the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of outbursts in dwarf novae nad X-ray novae</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Cannizzo, John K.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>We perform computations using <span class="hlt">a</span> time-dependent model for the accretion disk limit-cycle mechanism to examine the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the optical light following the peak of <span class="hlt">a</span> dwarf nova outburst. We present the results of <span class="hlt">a</span> parameter study of the physical input variables which affect the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate. In the model, the <span class="hlt">decay</span> is brought about by <span class="hlt">a</span> cooling transition front which begins at large radii in the disk and moves inward. The nature of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> is strongly influenced by the radial dependence of the accretion disk viscosity parameter alpha. To obtain exponential <span class="hlt">decays</span> for typical dwarf nova parameters, we require alpha proportional to r(exp epsilon(sub 0)), where epsilon(sub 0) approximately = 0.3-0.4. The exact value of epsilon(sub 0) which produces exponential <span class="hlt">decays</span> depends on factors such as the mass of the accreting star and the inner radius of the accretion disk. Therefore, the observed ubiquity of exponential <span class="hlt">decays</span> in two different types of systems (dwarf novae and X-ray novae) leads us to believe that alpha is an unnatural scaling for the viscosity. The physics of the cooling transition front must be self-regulating in that the timescale (-parital derivative of lnSigma(r)/partial derivative +)(exp -1) (where Sigma is the surface density) for mass extraction across the front remains constant. This may be consistent with <span class="hlt">a</span> scaling alpha proportional to (h/r)(exp n), where h is the local disk semi-thickness and n approximately 1-2. As regards the speed of the cooling front, we find v(sub F)(r) proportional to r(exp p), where p approximately 3 at large radii, with an abrupt transition to p approximately 0 at some smaller radius. The r(exp 3) dependence is much steeper than has been found by previous workers and appears to result from the strong variation of specific <span class="hlt">heat</span> within the cooling front when the front resides at <span class="hlt">a</span> large radius in the disk. The outflow of disk material across the cooling front causes <span class="hlt">a</span> significant departure of dln T(sub dff0/dln r from the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhRvD..86c2004L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhRvD..86c2004L"><span>Study of B¯→Xuℓν¯ <span class="hlt">decays</span> in BB¯ events tagged by <span class="hlt">a</span> fully reconstructed B-meson <span class="hlt">decay</span> and determination of |Vub|</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Tisserand, V.; Garra Tico, J.; Grauges, E.; Martinelli, M.; Milanes, D. A.; Palano, A.; Pappagallo, M.; Eigen, G.; Stugu, B.; Brown, D. N.; Kerth, L. T.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Lynch, G.; Tackmann, K.; Koch, H.; Schroeder, T.; Asgeirsson, D. J.; Hearty, C.; Mattison, T. S.; McKenna, J. A.; Khan, A.; Blinov, V. E.; Buzykaev, A. R.; Druzhinin, V. P.; Golubev, V. B.; Kravchenko, E. A.; Onuchin, A. P.; Serednyakov, S. I.; Skovpen, Yu. I.; Solodov, E. P.; Todyshev, K. Yu.; Yushkov, A. N.; Bondioli, M.; Kirkby, D.; Lankford, A. J.; Mandelkern, M.; Stoker, D. P.; Atmacan, H.; Gary, J. W.; Liu, F.; Long, O.; Vitug, G. M.; Campagnari, C.; Hong, T. M.; Kovalskyi, D.; Richman, J. D.; West, C. A.; Eisner, A. M.; Kroseberg, J.; Lockman, W. S.; Martinez, A. J.; Schalk, T.; Schumm, B. A.; Seiden, A.; Cheng, C. H.; Doll, D. A.; Echenard, B.; Flood, K. T.; Hitlin, D. G.; Ongmongkolkul, P.; Porter, F. C.; Rakitin, A. Y.; Andreassen, R.; Dubrovin, M. S.; Huard, Z.; Meadows, B. T.; Sokoloff, M. D.; Sun, L.; Bloom, P. C.; Ford, W. T.; Gaz, A.; Nagel, M.; Nauenberg, U.; Smith, J. G.; Wagner, S. R.; Ayad, R.; Toki, W. H.; Spaan, B.; Kobel, M. J.; Schubert, K. R.; Schwierz, R.; Bernard, D.; Verderi, M.; Clark, P. J.; Playfer, S.; Bettoni, D.; Bozzi, C.; Calabrese, R.; Cibinetto, G.; Fioravanti, E.; Garzia, I.; Luppi, E.; Munerato, M.; Negrini, M.; Petrella, A.; Piemontese, L.; Santoro, V.; Baldini-Ferroli, R.; Calcaterra, A.; de Sangro, R.; Finocchiaro, G.; Nicolaci, M.; Patteri, P.; Peruzzi, I. M.; Piccolo, M.; Rama, M.; Zallo, A.; Contri, R.; Guido, E.; Lo Vetere, M.; Monge, M. R.; Passaggio, S.; Patrignani, C.; Robutti, E.; Bhuyan, B.; Prasad, V.; Lee, C. L.; Morii, M.; Edwards, A. J.; Adametz, A.; Marks, J.; Uwer, U.; Bernlochner, F. U.; Ebert, M.; Lacker, H. M.; Lueck, T.; Dauncey, P. D.; Tibbetts, M.; Behera, P. K.; Mallik, U.; Chen, C.; Cochran, J.; Meyer, W. T.; Prell, S.; Rosenberg, E. I.; Rubin, A. E.; Gritsan, A. V.; Guo, Z. J.; Arnaud, N.; Davier, M.; Grosdidier, G.; Le Diberder, F.; Lutz, A. M.; Malaescu, B.; Roudeau, P.; Schune, M. H.; Stocchi, A.; Wormser, G.; Lange, D. J.; Wright, D. M.; Bingham, I.; Chavez, C. A.; Coleman, J. P.; Fry, J. R.; Gabathuler, E.; Hutchcroft, D. E.; Payne, D. J.; Touramanis, C.; Bevan, A. J.; Di Lodovico, F.; Sacco, R.; Sigamani, M.; Cowan, G.; Brown, D. N.; Davis, C. L.; Denig, A. G.; Fritsch, M.; Gradl, W.; Hafner, A.; Prencipe, E.; Alwyn, K. E.; Bailey, D.; Barlow, R. J.; Jackson, G.; Lafferty, G. D.; Cenci, R.; Hamilton, B.; Jawahery, A.; Roberts, D. A.; Simi, G.; Dallapiccola, C.; Cowan, R.; Dujmic, D.; Sciolla, G.; Lindemann, D.; Patel, P. M.; Robertson, S. H.; Schram, M.; Biassoni, P.; Lazzaro, A.; Lombardo, V.; Neri, N.; Palombo, F.; Stracka, S.; Cremaldi, L.; Godang, R.; Kroeger, R.; Sonnek, P.; Summers, D. J.; Nguyen, X.; Taras, P.; De Nardo, G.; Monorchio, D.; Onorato, G.; Sciacca, C.; Raven, G.; Snoek, H. L.; Jessop, C. P.; Knoepfel, K. J.; LoSecco, J. M.; Wang, W. F.; Honscheid, K.; Kass, R.; Brau, J.; Frey, R.; Sinev, N. B.; Strom, D.; Torrence, E.; Feltresi, E.; Gagliardi, N.; Margoni, M.; Morandin, M.; Posocco, M.; Rotondo, M.; Simonetto, F.; Stroili, R.; Ben-Haim, E.; Bomben, M.; Bonneaud, G. R.; Briand, H.; Calderini, G.; Chauveau, J.; Hamon, O.; Leruste, Ph.; Marchiori, G.; Ocariz, J.; Sitt, S.; Biasini, M.; Manoni, E.; Pacetti, S.; Rossi, A.; Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Carpinelli, M.; Casarosa, G.; Cervelli, A.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Oberhof, B.; Paoloni, E.; Perez, A.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. J.; Lopes Pegna, D.; Lu, C.; Olsen, J.; Smith, A. J. S.; Telnov, A. V.; Anulli, F.; Cavoto, G.; Faccini, R.; Ferrarotto, F.; Ferroni, F.; Gaspero, M.; Li Gioi, L.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Piredda, G.; Bünger, C.; Grünberg, O.; Hartmann, T.; Leddig, T.; Schröder, H.; Waldi, R.; Adye, T.; Olaiya, E. O.; Wilson, F. F.; Emery, S.; Hamel de Monchenault, G.; Vasseur, G.; Yèche, Ch.; Aston, D.; Bard, D. J.; Bartoldus, R.; Cartaro, C.; Convery, M. R.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dunwoodie, W.; Field, R. C.; Franco Sevilla, M.; Fulsom, B. G.; Gabareen, A. M.; Graham, M. T.; Grenier, P.; Hast, C.; Innes, W. R.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, H.; Kim, P.; Kocian, M. L.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Lewis, P.; Li, S.; Lindquist, B.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Muller, D. R.; Neal, H.; Nelson, S.; Ofte, I.; Perl, M.; Pulliam, T.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Schindler, R. H.; Snyder, A.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Va'vra, J.; Wagner, A. P.; Weaver, M.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wittgen, M.; Wright, D. H.; Wulsin, H. W.; Yarritu, A. K.; Young, C. C.; Ziegler, V.; Park, W.; Purohit, M. V.; White, R. M.; Wilson, J. R.; Randle-Conde, A.; Sekula, S. J.; Bellis, M.; Benitez, J. F.; Burchat, P. R.; Miyashita, T. S.; Alam, M. S.; Ernst, J. A.; Gorodeisky, R.; Guttman, N.; Peimer, D. R.; Soffer, A.; Lund, P.; Spanier, S. M.; Eckmann, R.; Ritchie, J. L.; Ruland, A. M.; Schilling, C. J.; Schwitters, R. F.; Wray, B. C.; Izen, J. M.; Lou, X. C.; Bianchi, F.; Gamba, D.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.; Azzolini, V.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Oyanguren, A.; Ahmed, H.; Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Choi, H. H. F.; King, G. J.; Kowalewski, R.; Lewczuk, M. J.; Lindsay, C.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.; Tasneem, N.; Gershon, T. J.; Harrison, P. F.; Latham, T. E.; Puccio, E. M. T.; Band, H. R.; Dasu, S.; Pan, Y.; Prepost, R.; Wu, S. L.</p> <p>2012-08-01</p> <p>We report measurements of partial branching fractions for inclusive charmless semileptonic B <span class="hlt">decays</span> B¯→Xuℓν¯ and the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element |Vub|. The analysis is based on <span class="hlt">a</span> sample of 467×106 Υ(4S)→BB¯ <span class="hlt">decays</span> recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e- storage rings. We select events in which the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of one of the B mesons is fully reconstructed and an electron or <span class="hlt">a</span> muon signals the semileptonic <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the other B meson. We measure partial branching fractions ΔB in several restricted regions of phase space and determine the CKM element |Vub| based on different QCD predictions. For <span class="hlt">decays</span> with <span class="hlt">a</span> charged lepton momentum pℓ*>1.0GeV in the B meson rest frame, we obtain ΔB=(1.80±0.13stat±0.15sys±0.02theo)×10-3 from <span class="hlt">a</span> fit to the two-dimensional MX-q2 distribution. Here, MX refers to the invariant mass of the final state hadron X and q2 is the invariant mass squared of the charged lepton and neutrino. From this measurement we extract |Vub|=(4.33±0.24exp⁡±0.15theo)×10-3 as the arithmetic average of four results obtained from four different QCD predictions of the partial rate. We separately determine partial branching fractions for B¯0 and B- <span class="hlt">decays</span> and derive <span class="hlt">a</span> limit on the isospin breaking in B¯→Xuℓν¯ <span class="hlt">decays</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050186717','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050186717"><span>Analysis of Hydrodynamics and <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Transfer in <span class="hlt">a</span> Thin Liquid Film Flowing over <span class="hlt">a</span> Rotating Disk by Integral Method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Basu, S.; Cetegen, B. M.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>An integral analysis of hydrodynamics and <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer in <span class="hlt">a</span> thin liquid film flowing over <span class="hlt">a</span> rotating disk surface is presented for both constant temperature and constant <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux boundary conditions. The model is found to capture the correct trends of the liquid film thickness variation over the disk surface and compare reasonably well with experimental results over the range of Reynolds and Rossby numbers covering both inertia and rotation dominated regimes. Nusselt number variation over the disk surface shows two types of behavior. At low rotation rates, the Nusselt number exhibits <span class="hlt">a</span> radial <span class="hlt">decay</span> with Nusselt number magnitudes increasing with higher inlet Reynolds number for both constant wall temperature and <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux cases. At high rotation rates, the Nusselt number profiles exhibit <span class="hlt">a</span> peak whose location advances radially outward with increasing film Reynolds number or inertia. The results also compare favorably with the full numerical simulation results from an earlier study as well as with the reported experimental results.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NuPhB.927..368S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NuPhB.927..368S"><span>The <span class="hlt">decay</span> width of stringy hadrons</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sonnenschein, Jacob; Weissman, Dorin</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>In this paper we further develop <span class="hlt">a</span> string model of hadrons by computing their strong <span class="hlt">decay</span> widths and comparing them to experiment. The main <span class="hlt">decay</span> mechanism is that of <span class="hlt">a</span> string splitting into two strings. The corresponding total <span class="hlt">decay</span> width behaves as Γ = π/2 ATL where T and L are the tension and length of the string and <span class="hlt">A</span> is <span class="hlt">a</span> dimensionless universal constant. We show that this result holds for <span class="hlt">a</span> bosonic string not only in the critical dimension. The partial width of <span class="hlt">a</span> given <span class="hlt">decay</span> mode is given by Γi / Γ =Φi exp ⁡ (- 2 πCmsep2 / T) where Φi is <span class="hlt">a</span> phase space factor, msep is the mass of the "quark" and "antiquark" created at the splitting point, and C is <span class="hlt">a</span> dimensionless coefficient close to unity. Based on the spectra of hadrons we observe that their (modified) Regge trajectories are characterized by <span class="hlt">a</span> negative intercept. This implies <span class="hlt">a</span> repulsive Casimir force that gives the string <span class="hlt">a</span> "zero point length". We fit the theoretical <span class="hlt">decay</span> width to experimental data for mesons on the trajectories of ρ, ω, π, η, K*, ϕ, D, and Ds*, and of the baryons N, Δ, Λ, and Σ. We examine both the linearity in L and the exponential suppression factor. The linearity was found to agree with the data well for mesons but less for baryons. The extracted coefficient for mesons <span class="hlt">A</span> = 0.095 ± 0.015 is indeed quite universal. The exponential suppression was applied to both strong and radiative <span class="hlt">decays</span>. We discuss the relation with string fragmentation and jet formation. We extract the quark-diquark structure of baryons from their <span class="hlt">decays</span>. <span class="hlt">A</span> stringy mechanism for Zweig suppressed <span class="hlt">decays</span> of quarkonia is proposed and is shown to reproduce the <span class="hlt">decay</span> width of ϒ states. The dependence of the width on spin and flavor symmetry is discussed. We further apply this model to the <span class="hlt">decays</span> of glueballs and exotic hadrons.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhRvD..92g3008C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhRvD..92g3008C"><span>Searching for displaced Higgs boson <span class="hlt">decays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Csáki, Csaba; Kuflik, Eric; Lombardo, Salvator; Slone, Oren</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>We study <span class="hlt">a</span> simplified model of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson <span class="hlt">decaying</span> to <span class="hlt">a</span> degenerate pair of scalars which travel <span class="hlt">a</span> macroscopic distance before <span class="hlt">decaying</span> to SM particles. This is the leading signal for many well-motivated solutions to the hierarchy problem that do not propose additional light colored particles. Bounds for displaced Higgs boson <span class="hlt">decays</span> below 10 cm are found by recasting existing tracker searches from Run I. New tracker search strategies, sensitive to the characteristics of these models and similar <span class="hlt">decays</span>, are proposed with sensitivities projected for Run II at √{s }=13 TeV . With 20 fb-1 of data, we find that Higgs branching ratios down to 2 ×1 0-4 can be probed for centimeter <span class="hlt">decay</span> lengths.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26943531','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26943531"><span>Ultrafast Molecular Three-Electron Auger <span class="hlt">Decay</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Feifel, Raimund; Eland, John H D; Squibb, Richard J; Mucke, Melanie; Zagorodskikh, Sergey; Linusson, Per; Tarantelli, Francesco; Kolorenč, Přemysl; Averbukh, Vitali</p> <p>2016-02-19</p> <p>Three-electron Auger <span class="hlt">decay</span> is an exotic and elusive process, in which two outer-shell electrons simultaneously refill an inner-shell double vacancy with emission of <span class="hlt">a</span> single Auger electron. Such transitions are forbidden by the many-electron selection rules, normally making their <span class="hlt">decay</span> lifetimes orders of magnitude longer than the few-femtosecond lifetimes of normal (two-electron) Auger <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Here we present theoretical predictions and direct experimental evidence for <span class="hlt">a</span> few-femtosecond three-electron Auger <span class="hlt">decay</span> of <span class="hlt">a</span> double inner-valence-hole state in CH_{3}F. Our analysis shows that in contrast to double core holes, double inner-valence vacancies in molecules can <span class="hlt">decay</span> exclusively by this ultrafast three-electron Auger process, and we predict that this phenomenon occurs widely.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=natural+AND+ventilation&pg=2&id=EJ245732','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=natural+AND+ventilation&pg=2&id=EJ245732"><span>Energy Conservation Program Cuts School Gas Use by <span class="hlt">45</span>%.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Sampson, Walt</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>Energy conservation measures at Longmont High School (Colorado), including reducing air entry, <span class="hlt">heating</span> water only during school hours, and lowering lighting levels, are expected to save <span class="hlt">45</span> percent in natural gas usage and 20 percent in electric usage. (Author/MLF)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25805919','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25805919"><span>Windage <span class="hlt">Heating</span> in <span class="hlt">a</span> Shrouded Rotor-Stator System.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tao, Zhi; Zhang, Da; Luo, Xiang; Xu, Guoqiang; Han, Jianqiao</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>This paper has experimentally and numerically studied the windage <span class="hlt">heating</span> in <span class="hlt">a</span> shrouded rotor-stator disk system with superimposed flow. Temperature rise in the radius direction on the rotating disk is linked to the viscous <span class="hlt">heating</span> process when cooling air flows through the rotating component. <span class="hlt">A</span> test rig has been developed to investigate the effect of flow parameters and the gap ratio on the windage <span class="hlt">heating</span>, respectively. Experimental results were obtained from <span class="hlt">a</span> 0.<span class="hlt">45</span> m diameter disk rotating at up to 12,000 rpm with gap ratio varying from 0.02 to 0.18 and <span class="hlt">a</span> stator of the same diameter. Infrared temperature measurement technology has been proposed to measure the temperature rise on the rotor surface directly. The PIV technique was adapted to allow for tangential velocity measurements. The tangential velocity data along the radial direction in the cavity was compared with the results obtained by CFD simulation. The comparison between the free disk temperature rise data and an associated theoretical analysis for the windage <span class="hlt">heating</span> indicates that the adiabatic disk temperature can be measured by infrared method accurately. For the small value of turbulence parameter, the gap ratio has limited influence on the temperature rise distribution along the radius. As turbulence parameter increases, the temperature rise difference is independent of the gap ratio, leaving that as <span class="hlt">a</span> function of rotational Reynolds number and throughflow Reynolds number only. The PIV results show that the swirl ratio of the rotating core between the rotor and the stator has <span class="hlt">a</span> key influence on the windage <span class="hlt">heating</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JLTP..175..324B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JLTP..175..324B"><span>The <span class="hlt">Decay</span> of Forced Turbulent Coflow of He II Past <span class="hlt">a</span> Grid</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Babuin, S.; Varga, E.; Skrbek, L.</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>We present an experimental study of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of He II turbulence created mechanically, by <span class="hlt">a</span> bellows-induced flow past <span class="hlt">a</span> stationary grid in <span class="hlt">a</span> 7×7 mm2 superfluid wind tunnel. The temporal <span class="hlt">decay</span> L( t) originating from various steady-states of vortex line length per unit volume, L 0, has been observed based on measurements of the attenuation of second-sound, in the temperature range 1.17 K< T<1.95 K. Each presented <span class="hlt">decay</span> curve is the average of up to 150 single <span class="hlt">decay</span> events. We find that, independently of T and L 0, within seconds past the sudden stop of the drive, all the <span class="hlt">decay</span> curves show <span class="hlt">a</span> universal behavior lasting up to 200 s, of the form L( t)∝( t- t 0)-3/2, where t 0 is the virtual origin time. From this <span class="hlt">decay</span> process we deduce the effective kinematic viscosity of turbulent He II. We compare our results with the bench-mark Oregon towed grid experiments and, despite our turbulence being non-homogeneous, find strong similarities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPCM...25f5504M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPCM...25f5504M"><span>Chemical evolution via beta <span class="hlt">decay</span>: <span class="hlt">a</span> case study in strontium-90</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marks, N. A.; Carter, D. J.; Sassi, M.; Rohl, A. L.; Sickafus, K. E.; Uberuaga, B. P.; Stanek, C. R.</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>Using 90Sr as <span class="hlt">a</span> representative isotope, we present <span class="hlt">a</span> framework for understanding beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> within the solid state. We quantify three key physical and chemical principles, namely momentum-induced recoil during the <span class="hlt">decay</span> event, defect creation due to physical displacement, and chemical evolution over time. <span class="hlt">A</span> fourth effect, that of electronic excitation, is also discussed, but this is difficult to quantify and is strongly material dependent. The analysis is presented for the specific cases of SrTiO3 and SrH2. By comparing the recoil energy with available threshold displacement data we show that in many beta-<span class="hlt">decay</span> situations defects such as Frenkel pairs will not be created during <span class="hlt">decay</span> as the energy transfer is too low. This observation leads to the concept of chemical evolution over time, which we quantify using density functional theory. Using <span class="hlt">a</span> combination of Bader analysis, phonon calculations and cohesive energy calculations, we show that beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> leads to counter-intuitive behavior that has implications for nuclear waste storage and novel materials design.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23315221','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23315221"><span>Chemical evolution via beta <span class="hlt">decay</span>: <span class="hlt">a</span> case study in strontium-90.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Marks, N A; Carter, D J; Sassi, M; Rohl, A L; Sickafus, K E; Uberuaga, B P; Stanek, C R</p> <p>2013-02-13</p> <p>Using (90)Sr as <span class="hlt">a</span> representative isotope, we present <span class="hlt">a</span> framework for understanding beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> within the solid state. We quantify three key physical and chemical principles, namely momentum-induced recoil during the <span class="hlt">decay</span> event, defect creation due to physical displacement, and chemical evolution over time. <span class="hlt">A</span> fourth effect, that of electronic excitation, is also discussed, but this is difficult to quantify and is strongly material dependent. The analysis is presented for the specific cases of SrTiO(3) and SrH(2). By comparing the recoil energy with available threshold displacement data we show that in many beta-<span class="hlt">decay</span> situations defects such as Frenkel pairs will not be created during <span class="hlt">decay</span> as the energy transfer is too low. This observation leads to the concept of chemical evolution over time, which we quantify using density functional theory. Using <span class="hlt">a</span> combination of Bader analysis, phonon calculations and cohesive energy calculations, we show that beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> leads to counter-intuitive behavior that has implications for nuclear waste storage and novel materials design.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1240404-measurement-mass-ratio-using-transition-edge-sensor-microcalorimeter-total-decay-energy-spectroscopy','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1240404-measurement-mass-ratio-using-transition-edge-sensor-microcalorimeter-total-decay-energy-spectroscopy"><span>Measurement of the 240Pu/ 239Pu mass ratio using <span class="hlt">a</span> transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeter for total <span class="hlt">decay</span> energy spectroscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Hoover, Andrew S.; Bond, Evelyn M.; Croce, Mark P.; ...</p> <p>2015-02-27</p> <p>In this study, we have developed <span class="hlt">a</span> new category of sensor for measurement of the 240Pu/ 239Pu mass ratio from aqueous solution samples with advantages over existing methods. Aqueous solution plutonium samples were evaporated and encapsulated inside of <span class="hlt">a</span> gold foil absorber, and <span class="hlt">a</span> superconducting transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeter detector was used to measure the total reaction energy (Q-value) of nuclear <span class="hlt">decays</span> via <span class="hlt">heat</span> generated when the energy is thermalized. Since all of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> energy is contained in the absorber, we measure <span class="hlt">a</span> single spectral peak for each isotope, resulting in <span class="hlt">a</span> simple spectral analysis problem with minimal peak overlap. Wemore » found that mechanical kneading of the absorber dramatically improves spectral quality by reducing the size of radioactive inclusions within the absorber to scales below 50 nm such that <span class="hlt">decay</span> products primarily interact with atoms of the host material. Due to the low noise performance of the microcalorimeter detector, energy resolution values of 1 keV fwhm (full width at half-maximum) at 5.5 MeV have been achieved, an order of magnitude improvement over α-spectroscopy with conventional silicon detectors. We measured the 240Pu/ 239Pu mass ratio of two samples and confirmed the results by comparison to mass spectrometry values. These results have implications for future measurements of trace samples of nuclear material.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003200&hterms=quasi+particle&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dquasi%2Bparticle','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003200&hterms=quasi+particle&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dquasi%2Bparticle"><span>Quasi-Periodic Pulsations During the Impulsive and <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Phases of an X-Class Flare</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hays, L. A.; Gallagher, P. T.; Dennis, B. R.; Ireland, J.; Inglis, A. R.; Ryan, D. F.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) are often observed in X-ray emission from solar flares. To date, it is unclear what their physical origins are. Here, we present <span class="hlt">a</span> multi-instrument investigation of the nature of QPP during the impulsive and <span class="hlt">decay</span> phases of the X1.0 flare of 2013 October 28. We focus on the character of the fine structure pulsations evident in the soft X-ray (SXR) time derivatives and compare this variability with structure across multiple wavelengths including hard X-ray and microwave emission. We find that during the impulsive phase of the flare, high correlations between pulsations in the thermal and non-thermal emissions are seen. <span class="hlt">A</span> characteristic timescale of 20 s is observed in all channels and <span class="hlt">a</span> second timescale of 55 s is observed in the non-thermal emissions. SXR pulsations are seen to persist into the <span class="hlt">decay</span> phase of this flare, up to 20 minutes after the non-thermal emission has ceased. We find that these <span class="hlt">decay</span> phase thermal pulsations have very small amplitude and show an increase in characteristic timescale from 40 s up to 70 s. We interpret the bursty nature of the co-existing multi-wavelength QPPs during the impulsive phase in terms of episodic particle acceleration and plasma <span class="hlt">heating</span>. The persistent thermal <span class="hlt">decay</span> phase QPPs are most likely connected with compressive magnetohydrodynamic processes in the post-flare loops such as the fast sausage mode or the vertical kink mode.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1174404','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1174404"><span>Method of predicting mechanical properties of <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Kelley, Stephen S.</p> <p>2003-07-15</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> method for determining the mechanical properties of <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood that has been exposed to wood <span class="hlt">decay</span> microorganisms, comprising: <span class="hlt">a</span>) illuminating <span class="hlt">a</span> surface of <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood that has been exposed to wood <span class="hlt">decay</span> microorganisms with wavelengths from visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectra; b) analyzing the surface of the <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood using <span class="hlt">a</span> spectrometric method, the method generating <span class="hlt">a</span> first spectral data of wavelengths in VIS-NIR spectra region; and c) using <span class="hlt">a</span> multivariate analysis to predict mechanical properties of <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood by comparing the first spectral data with <span class="hlt">a</span> calibration model, the calibration model comprising <span class="hlt">a</span> second spectrometric method of spectral data of wavelengths in VIS-NIR spectra obtained from <span class="hlt">a</span> reference <span class="hlt">decay</span> wood, the second spectral data being correlated with <span class="hlt">a</span> known mechanical property analytical result obtained from the reference <span class="hlt">decayed</span> wood.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25412999','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25412999"><span>Prostaglandin E synthase interacts with inducible <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock protein 70 after <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress in bovine primary dermal fibroblast cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Richter, Constanze; Viergutz, Torsten; Schwerin, Manfred; Weitzel, Joachim M</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Exposure to <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress in dairy cows leads to undesired side effects that are reflected by complex alterations in endocrine parameters, such as reduced progesterone, estradiol, and thyroid hormone concentrations. These endocrine maladaptation leads to failure to resume cyclicity, <span class="hlt">a</span> poor uterine environment and inappropriate immune responses in postpartum dairy cows. Prostaglandins (PG's) are lipid mediators, which serve as signal molecules in response to various external stimuli as well as to cell-specific internal signal molecules. <span class="hlt">A</span> central role in PG synthesis plays prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) that catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to PGE2 .The present study was conducted to investigate <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress associated PGES expression. Expression of PGES and inducible <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock protein 70 (HSP70), as <span class="hlt">a</span> putative chaperonic protein, was studied in bovine primary fibroblasts under different <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock conditions. Bovine primary fibroblasts produce PGE2 at homoiothermical norm temperature (38.5°C in bovine), but reduce PGE2 production rates under extreme <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress (at <span class="hlt">45</span>°C for 6 h). By contrast, PGE2 production rates are maintained after <span class="hlt">a</span> milder <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress (at 41.5°C for 6 h). PGE2 synthesis is abolished by application of cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, indicating de novo synthesis. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> stress increases HSP70 but not PGES protein concentrations. HSP70 physically interacts with PGES and the PGES-HSP70 complex did not dissociate upon <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress at <span class="hlt">45</span>°C even after returning the cells to 37°C. The PGE2 production negatively correlates with the portion of PGES-HSP70 complex. These results suggest <span class="hlt">a</span> protein interaction between HSP70 and PGES in dermal fibroblast cells. Blockage of PGES protein by HSP70 seems to interfere with the regulatory processes essential for cellular adaptive protection. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPA....7a5032G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPA....7a5032G"><span>Diffusive-to-ballistic transition of the modulated <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport in <span class="hlt">a</span> rarefied air chamber</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gomez-Heredia, C. L.; Macias, J.; Ordonez-Miranda, J.; Ares, O.; Alvarado-Gil, J. J.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Modulated <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer in air subject to pressures from 760 Torr to 10-4 Torr is experimentally studied by means of <span class="hlt">a</span> thermal-wave resonant cavity placed in <span class="hlt">a</span> vacuum chamber. This is done through the analysis of the amplitude and phase delay of the photothermal signal as <span class="hlt">a</span> function of the cavity length and pressure through of the Knudsen's number. The viscous, transitional, and free molecular regimes of <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport are observed for pressures P>1.5 Torr, 25 mTorr<P<1.5 Torr, and P<25 mTorr; respectively. It is shown that the fingerprint of each regime is determined by the concavity of the amplitude <span class="hlt">decay</span> in <span class="hlt">a</span> length scan, which is concave upward for the viscous regime and concave downward in the free molecular one. Furthermore, the increase of the radiative contribution on both the amplitude and phase is also observed as the pressure reduces. The obtained results show that the proposed methodology can be used to study the molecular dynamics in gases supporting diffusive and ballistic <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999AIPC..495...74O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999AIPC..495...74O"><span>Probing the N˜Z line via β <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oinonen, Markku</p> <p>1999-11-01</p> <p>This contribution reports several beta-<span class="hlt">decay</span> studies performed at ISOLDE On-line Mass Separator at CERN recently for nuclei close to N=Z line. Beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 58Zn provides <span class="hlt">a</span> possibility to compare Gamow-Teller strength extracted from complementary beta-<span class="hlt">decay</span> studies and charge-exchange reactions. Measurement on beta-<span class="hlt">decay</span> half-life of 70Kr shows importance of experimental information in modelling the path of the astrophysical rp process. <span class="hlt">Decay</span> of 71Kr is an example of <span class="hlt">a</span> mirror beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> and extends the systematics of these particular <span class="hlt">decays</span> towards highly deformed region close to <span class="hlt">A</span>=80.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002SPIE.4617...57C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002SPIE.4617...57C"><span>Effect of water content on specific <span class="hlt">heat</span> capacity of porcine septum cartilage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chae, Yongseok; Lavernia, Enrique J.; Wong, Brian J.</p> <p>2002-06-01</p> <p>The effect of water content on specific <span class="hlt">heat</span> capacity was examined using temperature modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TMDSC). This research was motivated in part by the development laser cartilage reshaping operations, which use photothermal <span class="hlt">heating</span> to accelerate stress relaxation and shape change. Deposition of thermal energy leads to mechanical stress relaxation and redistribution of cartilage internal stresses, which may lead to <span class="hlt">a</span> permanent shape change. The specific <span class="hlt">heat</span> of cartilage specimens (dia: 3 mm and thickness 1-2 mm) was measured using <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate of 2 degree(s)C/min for conventional DSC and 2 degree(s)C/min with an amplitude 0.38-0.<span class="hlt">45</span> degree(s)C and <span class="hlt">a</span> period 60-100 sec for TMDSC. The amount of water in cartilaginous tissue was determined using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) under ambient conditions. In order to correlate changes in <span class="hlt">heat</span> flow with alterations in cartilage mechanical behavior, dynamic mechanical temperature analysis (DMTA) was used to estimate the specific transition temperatures where stress relaxation occurs. With decreasing water content, we identified <span class="hlt">a</span> phase transition that shifted to <span class="hlt">a</span> higher temperature after 35-<span class="hlt">45</span>% water content was measured. The phase transition energy increased from 0.12 J/g to 1.68 J/g after <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">45</span>% weight loss. This study is <span class="hlt">a</span> preliminary investigation focused on understanding the mechanism of the stress relaxation of cartilage during <span class="hlt">heating</span>. The energy requirement of such <span class="hlt">a</span> transition estimated using TMDSC and temperature range, where cartilage shape changes likely occur, was estimated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008TSE....15...67I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008TSE....15...67I"><span>Development of <span class="hlt">a</span> High-Performance Fin-and-Tube <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Exchanger with Vortex Generators for <span class="hlt">a</span> Vending Machine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Iwasaki, Masamichi; Saito, Hiroshi; Mochizuki, Sadanari; Murata, Akira</p> <p></p> <p>The effect of delta-wing-vortex generators (combination of <span class="hlt">a</span> delta wing and <span class="hlt">a</span> delta winglet pair) on the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer performance of fin-and-tube <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchangers for vending machines has been investegated. Flow visualizations, numerical simulations and <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer experiments were conducted to find an optimum geometrical shape and arrangement of the vortex generators. Maximum <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer enhancement was achieved by the combination of (<span class="hlt">a</span>) the delta wing with the apex angle of 86 degrees and (b) the delta winglet pair with the inline angle of <span class="hlt">45</span> degrees. In relatively low Reynolds number range, about 40 % increase in <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer coefficient was attained with the above mentioned combination of the vortex generators compared to the ordinary <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchangers with plain fins. It was revealed that the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer enhancement was attributed to (1) the longitudinal vortexes generated by the delta wing and (2) the reduction of wake area behind the tube. It was also found that an increase in the apex angle of the delta wing brought about <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer enhancement, and the scale as well as the streggth of the induced longitudinal vortices played an important role in the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27145723','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27145723"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> tolerance in <span class="hlt">a</span> wild Oryza species is attributed to maintenance of Rubisco activation by <span class="hlt">a</span> thermally stable Rubisco activase ortholog.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Scafaro, Andrew P; Gallé, Alexander; Van Rie, Jeroen; Carmo-Silva, Elizabete; Salvucci, Michael E; Atwell, Brian J</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>The mechanistic basis of tolerance to <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress was investigated in Oryza sativa and two wild rice species, Oryza meridionalis and Oryza australiensis. The wild relatives are endemic to the hot, arid Australian savannah. Leaf elongation rates and gas exchange were measured during short periods of supra-optimal <span class="hlt">heat</span>, revealing species differences. The Rubisco activase (RCA) gene from each species was sequenced. Using expressed recombinant RCA and leaf-extracted RCA, the kinetic properties of the two isoforms were studied under high temperatures. Leaf elongation was undiminished at <span class="hlt">45</span>°C in O. australiensis. The net photosynthetic rate was almost 50% slower in O. sativa at <span class="hlt">45</span>°C than at 28°C, while in O. australiensis it was unaffected. Oryza meridionalis exhibited intermediate <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance. Based on previous reports that RCA is <span class="hlt">heat</span>-labile, the Rubisco activation state was measured. It correlated positively with leaf elongation rates across all three species and four periods of exposure to <span class="hlt">45</span>°C. Sequence analysis revealed numerous polymorphisms in the RCA amino acid sequence from O. australiensis. The O. australiensis RCA enzyme was thermally stable up to 42°C, contrasting with RCA from O. sativa, which was inhibited at 36°C. We attribute <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance in the wild species to thermal stability of RCA, enabling Rubisco to remain active. © 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28367874','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28367874"><span>Relationship between amount of overtime work and untreated <span class="hlt">decayed</span> teeth in male financial workers in Japan.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yoshino, Koichi; Suzuki, Seitaro; Ishizuka, Yoichi; Takayanagi, Atsushi; Sugihara, Naoki; Kamijyo, Hideyuki</p> <p>2017-05-25</p> <p>Continuous or frequent overtime work has been shown to have harmful effects on human health. Meanwhile, one of the main reasons for tooth loss is caries. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between overtime work and untreated <span class="hlt">decayed</span> teeth in male financial workers. The participants were recruited by applying screening procedures to <span class="hlt">a</span> pool of Japanese registrants in an online database. Participants filled out <span class="hlt">a</span> questionnaire about their oral health, behavior, and working conditions. Participants comprised <span class="hlt">a</span> total of 951 financial male workers, aged 25-64 years. The likelihood of tooth <span class="hlt">decay</span> increased with amount of overtime work (p=0.002). After adjusting for age, income, educational background, oral hygiene behavior, snacking behavior, regular dental visitation, bad interpersonal relationships at work, and smoking habit, <span class="hlt">a</span> multiple logistic regression analysis found that participants with <span class="hlt">45</span>-80 h of overtime work (odds ratio [OR], 2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-5.33) or over 80 h of overtime work (OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.13-7.97) were more likely to have untreated tooth <span class="hlt">decay</span>. The percentage of participants who gave "too busy with work" as the reason for leaving <span class="hlt">decayed</span> teeth untreated increased with amount of overtime (p<0.001). These results indicate that overtime work is strongly related to untreated <span class="hlt">decayed</span> teeth. In addition to oral health education and dental checkups, decreasing stress and decreasing the amount of overtime work may also have <span class="hlt">a</span> positive effect on oral health in the workplace.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20354731','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20354731"><span>Modeling <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates of dead wood in <span class="hlt">a</span> neotropical forest.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hérault, Bruno; Beauchêne, Jacques; Muller, Félix; Wagner, Fabien; Baraloto, Christopher; Blanc, Lilian; Martin, Jean-Michel</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>Variation of dead wood <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates among tropical trees remains one source of uncertainty in global models of the carbon cycle. Taking advantage of <span class="hlt">a</span> broad forest plot network surveyed for tree mortality over <span class="hlt">a</span> 23-year period, we measured the remaining fraction of boles from 367 dead trees from 26 neotropical species widely varying in wood density (0.23-1.24 g cm(-3)) and tree circumference at death time (31.5-272.0 cm). We modeled <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates within <span class="hlt">a</span> Bayesian framework assuming <span class="hlt">a</span> first order differential equation to model the decomposition process and tested for the effects of forest management (selective logging vs. unexploited), of mode of death (standing vs. downed) and of topographical levels (bottomlands vs. hillsides vs. hilltops) on wood <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates. The general <span class="hlt">decay</span> model predicts the observed remaining fraction of dead wood (R2 = 60%) with only two biological predictors: tree circumference at death time and wood specific density. Neither selective logging nor local topography had <span class="hlt">a</span> differential effect on wood <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates. Including the mode of death into the model revealed that standing dead trees decomposed faster than downed dead trees, but the gain of model accuracy remains rather marginal. Overall, these results suggest that the release of carbon from tropical dead trees to the atmosphere can be simply estimated using tree circumference at death time and wood density.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005EPJC...44..299D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005EPJC...44..299D"><span>Production of Ξ{_c^0} and Ξ{_b} in Z <span class="hlt">decays</span> and lifetime measurement of Ξ{_b}</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>DELPHI Collaboration</p> <p>2005-11-01</p> <p>The charmed strange baryon Ξ{_c^0} was searched for in the <span class="hlt">decay</span> channel Ξ{_c^0} rightarrow Ξ^- π^ + , and the beauty strange baryon Ξ{_b} in the inclusive channel Ξ_b rightarrow Ξ- ell- bar{ν} X, using the 3.5 million hadronic Z events collected by the DELPHI experiment in the years 1992-1995. The Ξ^- was reconstructed through the <span class="hlt">decay</span> Ξ^- rightarrow Λ π^-, using <span class="hlt">a</span> constrained fit method for cascade <span class="hlt">decays</span>. An iterative discriminant analysis was used for the Ξ{_c^0} and Ξ{_b} selection. The production rates were measured to be f_{Ξ{_c^0}} ×BR (Ξ{_c^0} rightarrow Ξ^- π^ + ) = (4.7 ± 1.4 (stat.) ± 1.1 (syst.))× 10^{-4} per hadronic Z <span class="hlt">decay</span>, and BR (b rightarrow Ξ{_b}) ×BR (Ξ{_b} rightarrow Ξ^- ell^- X) = (3.0 ± 1.0(stat.) ± 0.3(syst.))× 10^{-4} for each lepton species (electron or muon). The lifetime of the Ξ{_b} baryon was measured to be tau_{Ξ{_b}} = 1.<span class="hlt">45</span>{^{ + 0.55}_{-0.43}} (stat.) ± 0.13 (syst.) ps. <span class="hlt">A</span> combination with the previous DELPHI lifetime measurement gives tau_{Ξ{_b}} = 1.48{^{ + 0.40}_{-0.31}} (stat.) ± 0.12 (syst.) ps.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11041137','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11041137"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> resistance of Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius in water, various buffers, and orange juice.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Palop, A; Alvarez, I; Raso, J; Condón, S</p> <p>2000-10-01</p> <p>The effect of the pH or the composition of the <span class="hlt">heating</span> medium and of the sporulation temperature on the <span class="hlt">heat</span> resistance of spores of <span class="hlt">a</span> thermoacidophilic spore-forming microorganism isolated from <span class="hlt">a</span> dairy beverage containing orange fruit concentrate was investigated. The species was identified as Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius. The spores showed the same <span class="hlt">heat</span> resistance in citrate-phosphate buffers of pH 4 and 7, in distilled water, and in orange juice at any of the temperatures tested (D120 degrees C = 0.1 min and z = 7 degrees C). <span class="hlt">A</span> raise in 20 degrees C in the sporulation temperature (from <span class="hlt">45</span> to 65 degrees C) increased the <span class="hlt">heat</span> resistance eightfold (from D110 degrees C = 0.48 min when sporulated at <span class="hlt">45</span> degrees C to 3.9 min when sporulated at 65 degrees C). The z-values remained constant for all sporulation temperatures. The spores of this strain of <span class="hlt">A</span>. acidocaldarius were very <span class="hlt">heat</span> resistant and could easily survive any <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatment currently applied to pasteurize fruit juices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMDI41B..08H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMDI41B..08H"><span>Time-dependent <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer in the spherical Earth: Implications on the power and thermal evolution of the core</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hofmeister, A. M.; Criss, R. E.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>We quantitatively investigate the time-dependence of <span class="hlt">heat</span> conduction for <span class="hlt">a</span> post-core, spherical Earth that is not convecting, due to compositional layering, based on hundreds of measurements of thermal diffusivity (D) for insulators and metals. Consistency of our solutions for widely ranging input parameters indicates how additional <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer mechanisms (mantle magmatism and convection) affect thermal evolution of the core. We consider 1) interior starting temperatures (T) of 273-5000 K, which represent variations in primordial <span class="hlt">heat</span>, 2) different distributions and <span class="hlt">decay</span> of long-lived radioactive isotopes, 3) additional <span class="hlt">heat</span> sources in the core (primordial or latent <span class="hlt">heat</span>), and 4) variable depth-T dependence of D. Our new analytical solution for cooling of <span class="hlt">a</span> constant D sphere validates our numerical results. The bottom line is that the thermally insulating nature of minerals, combined with constraints of spherical geometry, limits steep thermal gradients to the upper mantle, consistent with the short length scale (x ~700 km) of cooling over t = <span class="hlt">4.5</span> Ga indicated by dimensional analysis [x2 ~ 4Dt], and with plate tectonics. Consequently, interior temperatures vary little so the core has remained hot and is possibly warming. Findings include: 1) Constant vs. variable D affects thermal profiles only in detail, with D for the metallic core being inconsequential. 2) The hottest zone in Earth may lie in the uppermost lower mantle; 3) Most radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> is released in Earth's outermost 1000 km thereby driving an active outer shell; 4) Earth's core is essentially isothermal and is thus best described by the liquid-solid phase boundary; 5) Deeply sequestered radioactivity or other <span class="hlt">heat</span> will melt the core rather than by run the dynamo (note that the <span class="hlt">heat</span> needed to have melted the outer core is 10% of radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> generated over Earth's history); 6) Inefficient cooling of an Earth-sized mass means that <span class="hlt">heat</span> essentially remains where it is generated, until it is removed</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1406540','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1406540"><span>Flavor violating Higgs <span class="hlt">decays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Harnik, Roni; Kopp, Joachim; Zupan, Jure</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>We study <span class="hlt">a</span> class of nonstandard interactions of the newly discovered 125 GeV Higgs-like resonance that are especially interesting probes of new physics: flavor violating Higgs couplings to leptons and quarks. These interaction can arise in many frameworks of new physics at the electroweak scale such as two Higgs doublet models, extra dimensions, or models of compositeness. We rederive constraints on flavor violating Higgs couplings using data on rare <span class="hlt">decays</span>, electric and magnetic dipole moments, and meson oscillations. We confirm that flavor violating Higgs boson <span class="hlt">decays</span> to leptons can be sizeable with, e.g., h → τμ and h → τemore » branching ratios of (10%) perfectly allowed by low energy constraints. We estimate the current LHC limits on h → τμ and h → τe <span class="hlt">decays</span> by recasting existing searches for the SM Higgs in the ττ channel and find that these bounds are already stronger than those from rare tau <span class="hlt">decays</span>. We also show that these limits can be improved significantly with dedicated searches and we outline <span class="hlt">a</span> possible search strategy. Flavor violating Higgs <span class="hlt">decays</span> therefore present an opportunity for discovery of new physics which in some cases may be easier to access experimentally than flavor conserving deviations from the Standard Model Higgs framework.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/829780','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/829780"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> Search for the <span class="hlt">Decay</span> B+ --> K+ nu nubar</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Aubert, B</p> <p></p> <p>In this work the authors report the results of <span class="hlt">a</span> search for the exclusive <span class="hlt">decay</span> mode B{sup +} --> K{sup +}{nu}{bar {nu}}. By modifying the particle identification (PID) criteria used in the search, they additionally obtain <span class="hlt">a</span> limit on the related <span class="hlt">decay</span> B{sup +} --> {pi}{sup +}{nu}{bar {nu}}. The data used in this analysis were collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e{sup +}e{sup -} storage ring.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22522002-fip-bias-evolution-decaying-active-region','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22522002-fip-bias-evolution-decaying-active-region"><span>FIP BIAS EVOLUTION IN <span class="hlt">A</span> <span class="hlt">DECAYING</span> ACTIVE REGION</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Baker, D.; Yardley, S. L.; Driel-Gesztelyi, L. van</p> <p></p> <p>Solar coronal plasma composition is typically characterized by first ionization potential (FIP) bias. Using spectra obtained by Hinode’s EUV Imaging Spectrometer instrument, we present <span class="hlt">a</span> series of large-scale, spatially resolved composition maps of active region (AR)11389. The composition maps show how FIP bias evolves within the <span class="hlt">decaying</span> AR during the period 2012 January 4–6. Globally, FIP bias decreases throughout the AR. We analyzed areas of significant plasma composition changes within the <span class="hlt">decaying</span> AR and found that small-scale evolution in the photospheric magnetic field is closely linked to the FIP bias evolution observed in the corona. During the AR’s <span class="hlt">decay</span> phase,more » small bipoles emerging within supergranular cells reconnect with the pre-existing AR field, creating <span class="hlt">a</span> pathway along which photospheric and coronal plasmas can mix. The mixing timescales are shorter than those of plasma enrichment processes. Eruptive activity also results in shifting the FIP bias closer to photospheric in the affected areas. Finally, the FIP bias still remains dominantly coronal only in <span class="hlt">a</span> part of the AR’s high-flux density core. We conclude that in the <span class="hlt">decay</span> phase of an AR’s lifetime, the FIP bias is becoming increasingly modulated by episodes of small-scale flux emergence, i.e., decreasing the AR’s overall FIP bias. Our results show that magnetic field evolution plays an important role in compositional changes during AR development, revealing <span class="hlt">a</span> more complex relationship than expected from previous well-known Skylab results showing that FIP bias increases almost linearly with age in young ARs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5026515-heat-production-during-contraction-skeletal-muscle-hypothyroid-mice','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5026515-heat-production-during-contraction-skeletal-muscle-hypothyroid-mice"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> production during contraction in skeletal muscle of hypothyroid mice</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Leijendekker, W.J.; van Hardeveld, C.; Elzinga, G.</p> <p>1987-08-01</p> <p>The effect of hypothyroidism on tension-independent and -dependent <span class="hlt">heat</span> produced during <span class="hlt">a</span> twitch and <span class="hlt">a</span> tetanic contraction of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscle of mice was examined. The amount of <span class="hlt">heat</span> produced during <span class="hlt">a</span> twitch and the rate of <span class="hlt">heat</span> development during <span class="hlt">a</span> tetanus of EDL and soleus were measured at and above optimal length. The effect of hypothyroidism on force production was <30%. Straight lines were used to fit the relation between <span class="hlt">heat</span> production and force. Hypothyroidism significantly decreases tension-independent <span class="hlt">heat</span> during contraction of EDL and soleus muscle. Because the tension-independent <span class="hlt">heat</span> is considered to be relatedmore » to the Ca{sup 2+} cycling, these findings suggest that ATP splitting due to the Ca{sup 2+} cycling is reduced in hypothyroid mice. This conclusion was strengthened by the observation that the oxalate-supported {sup <span class="hlt">45</span>}Ca{sup 2+}-uptake activity and {sup <span class="hlt">45</span>}Ca{sup 2+}-loading capacity of muscle homogenates from hypothyroid mice were reduced, respectively, to 51 and to 65% in soleus and to 63 and 73% in EDL muscle as compared with euthyroid mice. The tension-dependent rate of <span class="hlt">heat</span> development during <span class="hlt">a</span> tetanus was also decreased in soleus muscle of hypothyroid mice. This suggests <span class="hlt">a</span> lower rate of ATP hydrolysis related to cross-bridge cycling in this muscle due to the hypothyroid state.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27503713','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27503713"><span>Mitigation of <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress-related complications by <span class="hlt">a</span> yeast fermentate product.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Giblot Ducray, Henri Alexandre; Globa, Ludmila; Pustovyy, Oleg; Reeves, Stuart; Robinson, Larry; Vodyanoy, Vitaly; Sorokulova, Iryna</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Heat</span> stress results in <span class="hlt">a</span> multitude of biological and physiological responses which can become lethal if not properly managed. It has been shown that <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress causes significant adverse effects in both human and animals. Different approaches have been proposed to mitigate the adverse effects caused by <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress, among which are special diet and probiotics. We characterized the effect of the yeast fermentate EpiCor (EH) on the prevention of <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress-related complications in rats. We found that increasing the body temperature of animals from 37.1±0.2 to 40.6±0.2°C by exposure to <span class="hlt">heat</span> (<span class="hlt">45</span>°C for 25min) resulted in significant morphological changes in the intestine. Villi height and total mucosal thickness decreased in <span class="hlt">heat</span>-stressed rats pre-treated with PBS in comparison with control animals not exposed to the <span class="hlt">heat</span>. Oral treatment of rats with EH before <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress prevented the traumatic effects of <span class="hlt">heat</span> on the intestine. Changes in intestinal morphology of <span class="hlt">heat</span>-stressed rats, pre-treated with PBS resulted in significant elevation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) level in the serum of these animals. Pre-treatment with EH was effective in the prevention of LPS release into the bloodstream of <span class="hlt">heat</span>-stressed rats. Our study revealed that elevation of body temperature also resulted in <span class="hlt">a</span> significant increase of the concentration of vesicles released by erythrocytes in rats, pre-treated with PBS. This is an indication of <span class="hlt">a</span> pathological impact of <span class="hlt">heat</span> on the erythrocyte structure. Treatment of rats with EH completely protected their erythrocytes from this <span class="hlt">heat</span>-induced pathology. Finally, exposure to <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress conditions resulted in <span class="hlt">a</span> significant increase of white blood cells in rats. In the group of animals pre-treated with EH before <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress, the white blood cell count remained the same as in non-<span class="hlt">heated</span> controls. These results showed the protective effect of the EH product in the prevention of complications, caused by <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress. Copyright © 2016 The Authors</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/46539','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/46539"><span>Chapter 3: Wood <span class="hlt">Decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Dan Cullen</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> significant portion of global carbon is sequestered in forest systems. Specialized fungi have evolved to efficiently deconstruct woody plant cell walls. These important <span class="hlt">decay</span> processes generate litter, soil bound humic substances, or carbon dioxide and water. This chapter reviews the enzymology and molecular genetics of wood <span class="hlt">decay</span> fungi, most of which are members of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7329679','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7329679"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> studies of <span class="hlt">a</span> long lived high spin isomer of /sup 210/Bi</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tuggle, D.G.</p> <p>1976-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> source of approximately 30 ..mu..g of pure (> 90%) /sup 210m/Bi (J..pi.. = 9-) was prepared by irradiating /sup 209/Bi in <span class="hlt">a</span> nuclear reactor. After chemical separations to remove /sup 210/Po from the irradiated bismuth sample were completed, the /sup 210/Bi was electromagnetically separated from the /sup 209/Bi by <span class="hlt">a</span> series of two isotope separations to create the source mentioned above. This source was then used to conduct alpha, conversion electron, gamma, gamma-gamma coincidence, and alpha-gamma coincidence spectroscopic studies of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of /sup 210m/Bi. The partial half life for the alpha <span class="hlt">decay</span> of /sup 210m/Bi was measured asmore » 3.0 x 10/sup 6/ yr. <span class="hlt">A</span> lower limit of 10/sup 13/ years was set for the partial half life for the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of /sup 210m/Bi to /sup 210/Po. Alpha <span class="hlt">decay</span> of /sup 210m/Bi to 8 excited states of /sup 206/Tl was observed. <span class="hlt">A</span> lower limit of 10/sup -4/% was set for the branching ratio of the parity forbidden alpha <span class="hlt">decay</span> of /sup 210/Bi to the /sup 206/Ti ground state. Theoretical <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates for the alpha <span class="hlt">decays</span> of /sup 210m/Bi, /sup 210/Bi, /sup 211/Po, and /sup 211m/Po were calculated using the method developed by Hans Mang. <span class="hlt">A</span> comparison of the calculated and experimentally measured alpha <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates of /sup 210m/Bi showed good agreement for the relative alpha <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1367635','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1367635"><span>The Analysis of Fluorescence <span class="hlt">Decay</span> by <span class="hlt">a</span> Method of Moments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Isenberg, Irvin; Dyson, Robert D.</p> <p>1969-01-01</p> <p>The fluorescence <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the excited state of most biopolymers, and biopolymer conjugates and complexes, is not, in general, <span class="hlt">a</span> simple exponential. The method of moments is used to establish <span class="hlt">a</span> means of analyzing such multi-exponential <span class="hlt">decays</span>. The method is tested by the use of computer simulated data, assuming that the limiting error is determined by noise generated by <span class="hlt">a</span> pseudorandom number generator. Multi-exponential systems with relatively closely spaced <span class="hlt">decay</span> constants may be successfully analyzed. The analyses show the requirements, in terms of precision, that data must meet. The results may be used both as an aid in the design of equipment and in the analysis of data subsequently obtained. PMID:5353139</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3507243','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3507243"><span>Electromagnetic fields at 2.<span class="hlt">45</span> GHz trigger changes in <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock proteins 90 and 70 without altering apoptotic activity in rat thyroid gland</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Misa Agustiño, María José; Leiro, José Manuel; Jorge Mora, María Teresa; Rodríguez-González, Juan Antonio; Jorge Barreiro, Francisco Javier; Ares-Pena, Francisco José; López-Martín, Elena</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Summary Non-ionizing radiation at 2.<span class="hlt">45</span> GHz may modify the expression of genes that codify <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock proteins (HSP) in the thyroid gland. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, we studied levels of HSP-90 and HSP-70. We also used hematoxilin eosin to look for evidence of lesions in the gland and applied the DAPI technique of fluorescence to search for evidence of chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation in the thyroid cells of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty-four rats were individually exposed for 30 min to 2.<span class="hlt">45</span> GHz radiation in <span class="hlt">a</span> Gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell at different levels of non-thermal specific absorption rate (SAR), which was calculated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. Ninety minutes after radiation, HSP-90 and HSP-70 had decreased significantly (P<0.01) after applying <span class="hlt">a</span> SAR of 0.046±1.10 W/Kg or 0.104±5.10−3 W/Kg. Twenty-four hours after radiation, HSP-90 had partially recovered and HSP-70 had recovered completely. There were few indications of lesions in the glandular structure and signs of apoptosis were negative in all radiated animals. The results suggest that acute sub-thermal radiation at 2.<span class="hlt">45</span> GHz may alter levels of cellular stress in rat thyroid gland without initially altering their anti-apoptotic capacity. PMID:23213477</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018HMT....54..291M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018HMT....54..291M"><span>Adiabatic partition effect on natural convection <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer inside <span class="hlt">a</span> square cavity: experimental and numerical studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mahmoudinezhad, S.; Rezania, A.; Yousefi, T.; Shadloo, M. S.; Rosendahl, L. A.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> steady state and two-dimensional laminar free convection <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer in <span class="hlt">a</span> partitioned cavity with horizontal adiabatic and isothermal side walls is investigated using both experimental and numerical approaches. The experiments and numerical simulations are carried out using <span class="hlt">a</span> Mach-Zehnder interferometer and <span class="hlt">a</span> finite volume code, respectively. <span class="hlt">A</span> horizontal and adiabatic partition, with angle of θ is adjusted such that it separates the cavity into two identical parts. Effects of this angel as well as Rayleigh number on the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer from the side-<span class="hlt">heated</span> walls are investigated in this study. The results are performed for the various Rayleigh numbers over the cavity side length, and partition angles ranging from 1.5 × 105 to <span class="hlt">4.5</span> × 105, and 0° to 90°, respectively. The experimental verification of natural convective flow physics has been done by using FLUENT software. For <span class="hlt">a</span> given adiabatic partition angle, the results show that the average Nusselt number and consequently the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer enhance as the Rayleigh number increases. However, for <span class="hlt">a</span> given Rayleigh number the maximum and the minimum <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer occurs at θ = <span class="hlt">45</span>°and θ = 90°, respectively. Two responsible mechanisms for this behavior, namely blockage ratio and partition orientation, are identified. These effects are explained by numerical velocity vectors and experimental temperatures contours. Based on the experimental data, <span class="hlt">a</span> new correlation that fairly represents the average Nusselt number of the <span class="hlt">heated</span> walls as functions of Rayleigh number and the angel of θ for the aforementioned ranges of data is proposed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DNP.KG007R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DNP.KG007R"><span>Overview of the Calcium-<span class="hlt">45</span> Beta Spectrum Measurement at Los Alamos National Laboratory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Royse, Camen; Nab/UNCB Teams Collaboration</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>One smoking gun of BSM physics would be the observation of <span class="hlt">a</span> non-zero Fierz interference term, <span class="hlt">a</span> feature in the beta spectrum produced by scalar and tensor couplings. Calcium-<span class="hlt">45</span> is an almost ideal candidate with which to search for <span class="hlt">a</span> Fierz term. It is <span class="hlt">a</span> pure beta emitter with <span class="hlt">a</span> low endpoint of 256 keV and <span class="hlt">a</span> simple <span class="hlt">decay</span> scheme, with <span class="hlt">a</span> 7 / 2 - -> 7 / 2 - g.s. to g.s. branching ratio of 99.9981(11)%. Isospin selection rules ensure the <span class="hlt">decay</span> is greater than about 98.5% pure Gamow-Teller and the integrated effect of the weak magnetism over the entire spectrum is expected to be only 0.13%. An experiment designed to precisely measure the beta spectrum of Ca-<span class="hlt">45</span> has been run over the past two summers at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The experiment is composed of <span class="hlt">a</span> 4 π-capture magnetic spectrometer between two segmented arrays of hexagonal silicon detectors (similar to the Nab experiment), <span class="hlt">a</span> helium gas cooling system, front end electronics and amplifiers, and <span class="hlt">a</span> data acquisition system which synchronizes the timing from the signals coming from both detector arrays. Data is analyzed to account for the pile-up of signals and other physical and calibration factors. An overview of the design and execution of the experiment as divided into the above topics will be presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/dental-caries?_ga=2.168564391.729705438.1528457265-1850060442.1528457265','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/data-statistics/dental-caries?_ga=2.168564391.729705438.1528457265-1850060442.1528457265"><span>Dental Caries (Tooth <span class="hlt">Decay</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... Materials Contact Us Home Research Data & Statistics Share Dental Caries (Tooth <span class="hlt">Decay</span>) Dental caries (tooth <span class="hlt">decay</span>) remains the most prevalent chronic ... important source of information on oral health and dental care in the United States since the early ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5413062','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5413062"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> shock and prolonged <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress attenuate neurotoxin and sporulation gene expression in group I Clostridium botulinum strain ATCC 3502</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Selby, Katja; Mascher, Gerald; Somervuo, Panu; Korkeala, Hannu</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Foodborne pathogenic bacteria are exposed to <span class="hlt">a</span> number of environmental stresses during food processing, storage, and preparation, and in the human body. In order to improve the safety of food, the understanding of molecular stress response mechanisms foodborne pathogens employ is essential. Many response mechanisms that are activated during <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock may cross-protect bacteria against other environmental stresses. To better understand the molecular mechanisms Clostridium botulinum, the causative agent of botulism, utilizes during acute <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress and during adaptation to stressfully high temperature, the C. botulinum Group I strain ATCC 3502 was grown in continuous culture at 39°C and exposed to <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock at <span class="hlt">45</span>°C, followed by prolonged <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress at <span class="hlt">45</span>°C to allow adaptation of the culture to the high temperature. Growth in continuous culture was performed to exclude secondary growth phase effects or other environmental impacts on bacterial gene transcription. Changes in global gene expression profiles were studied using DNA microarray hybridization. During acute <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress, Class I and III <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock genes as well as members of the SOS regulon were activated. The neurotoxin gene bot<span class="hlt">A</span> and genes encoding the neurotoxin-associated proteins were suppressed throughout the study. Prolonged <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress led to suppression of the sporulation machinery whereas genes related to chemotaxis and motility were activated. Induced expression of <span class="hlt">a</span> large proportion of prophage genes was detected, suggesting an important role of acquired genes in the stress resistance of C. botulinum. Finally, changes in the expression of <span class="hlt">a</span> large number of genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism indicated remodeling of the cellular metabolism. PMID:28464023</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28464023','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28464023"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> shock and prolonged <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress attenuate neurotoxin and sporulation gene expression in group I Clostridium botulinum strain ATCC 3502.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Selby, Katja; Mascher, Gerald; Somervuo, Panu; Lindström, Miia; Korkeala, Hannu</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Foodborne pathogenic bacteria are exposed to <span class="hlt">a</span> number of environmental stresses during food processing, storage, and preparation, and in the human body. In order to improve the safety of food, the understanding of molecular stress response mechanisms foodborne pathogens employ is essential. Many response mechanisms that are activated during <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock may cross-protect bacteria against other environmental stresses. To better understand the molecular mechanisms Clostridium botulinum, the causative agent of botulism, utilizes during acute <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress and during adaptation to stressfully high temperature, the C. botulinum Group I strain ATCC 3502 was grown in continuous culture at 39°C and exposed to <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock at <span class="hlt">45</span>°C, followed by prolonged <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress at <span class="hlt">45</span>°C to allow adaptation of the culture to the high temperature. Growth in continuous culture was performed to exclude secondary growth phase effects or other environmental impacts on bacterial gene transcription. Changes in global gene expression profiles were studied using DNA microarray hybridization. During acute <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress, Class I and III <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock genes as well as members of the SOS regulon were activated. The neurotoxin gene bot<span class="hlt">A</span> and genes encoding the neurotoxin-associated proteins were suppressed throughout the study. Prolonged <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress led to suppression of the sporulation machinery whereas genes related to chemotaxis and motility were activated. Induced expression of <span class="hlt">a</span> large proportion of prophage genes was detected, suggesting an important role of acquired genes in the stress resistance of C. botulinum. Finally, changes in the expression of <span class="hlt">a</span> large number of genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism indicated remodeling of the cellular metabolism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvE..96c2131L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvE..96c2131L"><span>Mathematical and information-geometrical entropy for phenomenological Fourier and non-Fourier <span class="hlt">heat</span> conduction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Shu-Nan; Cao, Bing-Yang</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The second law of thermodynamics governs the direction of <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport, which provides the foundational definition of thermodynamic Clausius entropy. The definitions of entropy are further generalized for the phenomenological <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport models in the frameworks of classical irreversible thermodynamics and extended irreversible thermodynamics (EIT). In this work, entropic functions from mathematics are combined with phenomenological <span class="hlt">heat</span> conduction models and connected to several information-geometrical conceptions. The long-time behaviors of these mathematical entropies exhibit <span class="hlt">a</span> wide diversity and physical pictures in phenomenological <span class="hlt">heat</span> conductions, including the tendency to thermal equilibrium, and exponential <span class="hlt">decay</span> of nonequilibrium and asymptotics, which build <span class="hlt">a</span> bridge between the macroscopic and microscopic modelings. In contrast with the EIT entropies, the mathematical entropies expressed in terms of the internal energy function can avoid singularity paired with nonpositive local absolute temperature caused by non-Fourier <span class="hlt">heat</span> conduction models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015568','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70015568"><span>Stick slip, charge separation and <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Lockner, D.A.; Byerlee, J.D.; Kuksenko, V.S.; Ponomarev, A.V.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Measurements of charge separation in rock during stable and unstable deformation give unexpectedly large <span class="hlt">decay</span> times of 50 sec. Time-domain induced polarization experiments on wet and dry rocks give similar <span class="hlt">decay</span> times and suggest that the same <span class="hlt">decay</span> mechanisms operate in the induced polarization response as in the relaxation of charge generated by mechanical deformation. These large <span class="hlt">decay</span> times are attributed to electrochemical processes in the rocks, and they require low-frequency relative permittivity to be very large, in excess of 105. One consequence of large permittivity, and therefore long <span class="hlt">decay</span> times, is that <span class="hlt">a</span> significant portion of any electrical charge generated during an earthquake can persist for tens or hundreds of seconds. As <span class="hlt">a</span> result, electrical disturbances associated with earthquakes should be observable for these lengths of time rather than for the milliseconds previously suggested. ?? 1986 Birka??user Verlag.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800040420&hterms=induction+melting&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dinduction%2Bmelting','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800040420&hterms=induction+melting&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dinduction%2Bmelting"><span>Primordial <span class="hlt">heating</span> of asteroidal parent bodies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sonett, C. P.; Reynolds, R. T.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>Most meteorites show evidence of thermal processing either because of metamorphic changes or as <span class="hlt">a</span> result of melting and differentiation. Proposed mechanisms for supplying this energy generally rely upon short-lived radioisotopes or electrical induction, though accretion is sometimes mentioned, and more exotic models have been discussed. Interest in isotopic <span class="hlt">heating</span> has been heightened by the discovery of Al-26 in Allende inclusions and also by the proposal that <span class="hlt">a</span> lunar core and dynamo resulted from the radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> of superheavy elements during the early solar system. Electrical induction as <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> source can be scaled to <span class="hlt">a</span> broad range of solar system conditions, but corroborative evidence for these conditions is inconclusive. The accretion mechanism is probably not viable for the asteroidal and meteorite parent bodies, because the high kinetic energy requirement is inconsistent with the formation of the objects and their regoliths in the presence of <span class="hlt">a</span> weak gravitational field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..308a2027N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..308a2027N"><span>Effectiveness of <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger in <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump clothes dryer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nasution, A. H.; Sembiring, P. G.; Ambarita, H.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>This paper deals with study on <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump clothes dryer coupled with <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger. The objective is to explore the effects of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger on the performance of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump dryer. The <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump dryer consists of <span class="hlt">a</span> vapor compression cycle and integrated with <span class="hlt">a</span> drying room with volume 1 m3. The power of compressor is 800 Watt and the refrigerant of the cycle is R22. The <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger is <span class="hlt">a</span> flat plate type with dimensions of 400 mm × 400 mm × 400 mm. The results show the present of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger increase the performance of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump dryer. In the present experiment the COP, TP and SMER increase 15.11%, 4.81% and 58.62%, respectively. This is because the <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger provides <span class="hlt">a</span> better drying condition in the drying room with higher temperature and lower relative humidity in comparison with <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump dryer without <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger. The effectiveness of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger is also high, it is above 50%. It is suggested to install <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger in <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump dryer.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3045430','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3045430"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> Shock Response in Yeast Involves Changes in Both Transcription Rates and mRNA Stabilities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Castells-Roca, Laia; García-Martínez, José; Moreno, Joaquín; Herrero, Enrique; Bellí, Gemma; Pérez-Ortín, José E.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>We have analyzed the <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress response in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by determining mRNA levels and transcription rates for the whole transcriptome after <span class="hlt">a</span> shift from 25°C to 37°C. Using an established mathematical algorithm, theoretical mRNA <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates have also been calculated from the experimental data. We have verified the mathematical predictions for selected genes by determining their mRNA <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates at different times during <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress response using the regulatable tetO promoter. This study indicates that the yeast response to <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock is not only due to changes in transcription rates, but also to changes in the mRNA stabilities. mRNA stability is affected in 62% of the yeast genes and it is particularly important in shaping the mRNA profile of the genes belonging to the environmental stress response. In most cases, changes in transcription rates and mRNA stabilities are homodirectional for both parameters, although some interesting cases of antagonist behavior are found. The statistical analysis of gene targets and sequence motifs within the clusters of genes with similar behaviors shows that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulons apparently contribute to the general <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress response by means of transcriptional factors and RNA binding proteins. PMID:21364882</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1375943','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1375943"><span>Bifurcation physics of magnetic islands and stochasticity explored by <span class="hlt">heat</span> pulse propagation studies in toroidal plasmas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ida, K.; Kobayashi, T.; Yoshinuma, M.</p> <p></p> <p>Bifurcation physics of the magnetic island was investigated using the <span class="hlt">heat</span> pulse propagation technique produced by the modulation of electron cyclotron <span class="hlt">heating</span>. There are two types of bifurcation phenomena observed in LHD and DIII-D. One is <span class="hlt">a</span> bifurcation of the magnetic topology between nested and stochastic fields. The nested state is characterized by the bi-directional (inward and outward) propagation of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> pulse with slow propagation speed. The stochastic state is characterized by the fast propagation of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> pulse with electron temperature flattening. The other bifurcation is between magnetic island with larger thermal diffusivity and that with smaller thermalmore » diffusivity. The damping of toroidal flow is observed at the O-point of the magnetic island both in helical plasmas and in tokamak plasmas during <span class="hlt">a</span> mode locking phase with strong flow shears at the boundary of the magnetic island. Associated with the stochastization of the magnetic field, the abrupt damping of toroidal flow is observed in LHD. The toroidal flow shear shows <span class="hlt">a</span> linear <span class="hlt">decay</span>, while the ion temperature gradient shows an exponential <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Lastly, this observation suggests that this flow damping is due to the change in the non-diffusive term of momentum transport.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1375943-bifurcation-physics-magnetic-islands-stochasticity-explored-heat-pulse-propagation-studies-toroidal-plasmas','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1375943-bifurcation-physics-magnetic-islands-stochasticity-explored-heat-pulse-propagation-studies-toroidal-plasmas"><span>Bifurcation physics of magnetic islands and stochasticity explored by <span class="hlt">heat</span> pulse propagation studies in toroidal plasmas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Ida, K.; Kobayashi, T.; Yoshinuma, M.; ...</p> <p>2016-07-29</p> <p>Bifurcation physics of the magnetic island was investigated using the <span class="hlt">heat</span> pulse propagation technique produced by the modulation of electron cyclotron <span class="hlt">heating</span>. There are two types of bifurcation phenomena observed in LHD and DIII-D. One is <span class="hlt">a</span> bifurcation of the magnetic topology between nested and stochastic fields. The nested state is characterized by the bi-directional (inward and outward) propagation of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> pulse with slow propagation speed. The stochastic state is characterized by the fast propagation of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> pulse with electron temperature flattening. The other bifurcation is between magnetic island with larger thermal diffusivity and that with smaller thermalmore » diffusivity. The damping of toroidal flow is observed at the O-point of the magnetic island both in helical plasmas and in tokamak plasmas during <span class="hlt">a</span> mode locking phase with strong flow shears at the boundary of the magnetic island. Associated with the stochastization of the magnetic field, the abrupt damping of toroidal flow is observed in LHD. The toroidal flow shear shows <span class="hlt">a</span> linear <span class="hlt">decay</span>, while the ion temperature gradient shows an exponential <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Lastly, this observation suggests that this flow damping is due to the change in the non-diffusive term of momentum transport.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26258857','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26258857"><span>Ice Slurry Ingestion Leads to <span class="hlt">a</span> Lower Net <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Loss during Exercise in the <span class="hlt">Heat</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morris, Nathan B; Coombs, Geoff; Jay, Ollie</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>To compare the reductions in evaporative <span class="hlt">heat</span> loss from the skin (Esk) to internal <span class="hlt">heat</span> loss (Hfluid) induced by ice slurry (ICE) ingestion relative to 37 °C fluid and the accompanying body temperature and local thermoeffector responses during exercise in warm, dry conditions (33.5 °C ± 1.4 °C; 23.7% ± 2.6% relative humidity [RH]). Nine men cycled at approximately 55% VO2peak for 75 min and ingested 3.2 mL · kg(-1) aliquots of 37 °C fluid or ICE after 15, 30, and <span class="hlt">45</span> min of exercise. Metabolic <span class="hlt">heat</span> production (M-W), rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (Tsk), whole-body sweat loss (WBSL), local sweat rate (LSR), and skin blood flow (SkBF) were measured throughout. Net <span class="hlt">heat</span> loss (HLnet) and <span class="hlt">heat</span> storage (S) were estimated using partitional calorimetry. Relative to the 37 °C trial, M-W was similar (P = 0.81) with ICE ingestion; however, the 200 ± 20 kJ greater Hfluid (P < 0.001) with ICE ingestion was overcompensated by <span class="hlt">a</span> 381 ± 199-kJ lower Esk (P < 0.001). Net <span class="hlt">heat</span> loss (HLnet) was consequently 131 ± 120 kJ lower (P = 0.01) and S was greater (P = 0.05) with ICE ingestion compared with 37 °C fluid ingestion. Concurrently, LSR and WBSL were lower by 0.16 ± 0.14 mg · min(-1) · cm(-2) (P < 0.01) and 191 ± 122 g (P < 0.001), respectively, and SkBF tended to be lower (P = 0.06) by 5.4%maxAU ± 13.4%maxAU in the ICE trial. Changes in Tre and Tsk were similar throughout exercise with ICE compared to 37 °C fluid ingestion. Relative to 37 °C, ICE ingestion caused disproportionately greater reductions in Esk relative to Hfluid, resulting in <span class="hlt">a</span> lower HLnet and greater S. Mechanistically, LSR and possibly SkBF were suppressed independently of Tre or Tsk, reaffirming the concept of human abdominal thermoreception. From <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> balance perspective, recommendations for ICE ingestion during exercise in warm, dry conditions should be reconsidered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1129573-exploring-neutrinoless-double-beta-decay-inverted-neutrino-hierarchy-bolometric-detectors','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1129573-exploring-neutrinoless-double-beta-decay-inverted-neutrino-hierarchy-bolometric-detectors"><span>Exploring the Neutrinoless Double Beta <span class="hlt">Decay</span> in the Inverted Neutrino Hierarchy with Bolometric Detectors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Artusa, D. R.; Azzolini, O.; Balata, M.; ...</p> <p>2014-10-15</p> <p>Neutrinoless double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> (0νββ) is one of the most sensitive probes for physics beyond the Standard Model, providing unique information on the nature of neutrinos. In this paper we review the status and outlook for bolometric 0νββ <span class="hlt">decay</span> searches. We summarize recent advances in background suppression demonstrated using bolometers with simultaneous readout of <span class="hlt">heat</span> and light signals. We simulate several configurations of <span class="hlt">a</span> future CUORE-like bolometer array which would utilize these improvements and present the sensitivity reach of <span class="hlt">a</span> hypothetical next-generation bolometric0νββ experiment. We demonstrate that <span class="hlt">a</span> bolometric experiment with the isotope mass of about 1 ton is capablemore » of reaching the sensitivity to the effective Majorana neutrino mass (|m ee|) of order 10-20 meV, thus completely exploring the so-called inverted neutrino mass hierarchy region. In conclusion, we highlight the main challenges and identify priorities for an R&D program addressing them.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1424741-rare-boson-decays-hidden-sector','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1424741-rare-boson-decays-hidden-sector"><span>Rare Z boson <span class="hlt">decays</span> to <span class="hlt">a</span> hidden sector</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Blinov, Nikita; Izaguirre, Eder; Shuve, Brian</p> <p>2018-01-18</p> <p>We demonstrate that rare <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the Standard Model Z boson can be used to discover and characterize the nature of new hidden-sector particles. We propose new searches for these particles in soft, high-multiplicity leptonic final states at the Large Hadron Collider. The proposed searches are sensitive to low-mass particles produced in Z <span class="hlt">decays</span>, and we argue that these striking signatures can shed light on the hidden-sector couplings and mechanism for mass generation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1417414-rare-boson-decays-hidden-sector','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1417414-rare-boson-decays-hidden-sector"><span>Rare Z boson <span class="hlt">decays</span> to <span class="hlt">a</span> hidden sector</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Blinov, Nikita; Izaguirre, Eder; Shuve, Brian</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>We demonstrate that rare <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the Standard Model Z boson can be used to discover and characterize the nature of new hidden-sector particles. We propose new searches for these particles in soft, high-multiplicity leptonic final states at the Large Hadron Collider. The proposed searches are sensitive to low-mass particles produced in Z <span class="hlt">decays</span>, and we argue that these striking signatures can shed light on the hidden-sector couplings and mechanism for mass generation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1424741','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1424741"><span>Rare Z boson <span class="hlt">decays</span> to <span class="hlt">a</span> hidden sector</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Blinov, Nikita; Izaguirre, Eder; Shuve, Brian</p> <p></p> <p>We demonstrate that rare <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the Standard Model Z boson can be used to discover and characterize the nature of new hidden-sector particles. We propose new searches for these particles in soft, high-multiplicity leptonic final states at the Large Hadron Collider. The proposed searches are sensitive to low-mass particles produced in Z <span class="hlt">decays</span>, and we argue that these striking signatures can shed light on the hidden-sector couplings and mechanism for mass generation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1406503','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1406503"><span>Observation of Z <span class="hlt">decays</span> to four leptons with the CMS detector at the LHC</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Chatrchyan, S.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.</p> <p></p> <p>The first observation of the Z boson <span class="hlt">decaying</span> to four leptons in proton-proton collisions is presented. The analyzed data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.02 inverse femtobarns at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV collected by the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. <span class="hlt">A</span> pronounced resonance peak, with <span class="hlt">a</span> statistical significance of 9.7 sigma, is observed in the distribution of the invariant mass of four leptons (electrons and/or muons) with mass and width consistent with expectations for Z boson <span class="hlt">decays</span>. The branching fraction and cross section reported here are defined by phase space restrictions on the leptons, namely, 80more » < m[4l] < 100 GeV, where m[4l] is the invariant mass of the four leptons, and m[ll] > 4 GeV for all pairs of leptons, where m[ll] is the two-lepton invariant mass. The measured branching fraction is B(Z to 4l) = (4.2 /+0.9/-0.8 (stat.) +/- 0.2 (syst.)) 10E-6 and agrees with the standard model prediction of 4.<span class="hlt">45</span> 10E-6. The measured cross section times branching fraction is sigma(pp to Z) B(Z to 4 l) = 112 +23/-20 (stat.) +7/-5 (syst.) +3/-2 (lumi.) fb, also consistent with the standard model prediction of 120 fb. The four-lepton mass peak arising from Z to 4 l <span class="hlt">decays</span> provides <span class="hlt">a</span> calibration channel for the Higgs boson search in the H to ZZ to 4 l <span class="hlt">decay</span> mode.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJMPA..3250135I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJMPA..3250135I"><span>Flavor violating top <span class="hlt">decays</span> and flavor violating quark <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the Higgs boson</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ibrahim, Tarek; Itani, Ahmad; Nath, Pran; Zorik, Anas</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>In the Standard Model, flavor violating <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the top quark and of the Higgs boson are highly suppressed. Further, the flavor violating <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the top and of the Higgs are also small in MSSM and not observable in current or in near future experiment. In this work, we show that much larger branching ratios for these <span class="hlt">decays</span> can be achieved in an extended MSSM model with an additional vector-like quark generation. Specifically, we show that in the extended model, one can achieve branching ratios for t → h0c and t → h0u as large as the current experimental upper limits given by the ATLAS and the CMS Collaborations. We also analyze the flavor violating quark <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the Higgs boson, i.e. h0 → sb¯ + b¯s and h0 → bd¯ + b¯d. Here again, one finds that the branching ratio for these <span class="hlt">decays</span> can be as large as O(1)%. The analysis is done with inclusion of the CP phases in the Higgs sector, and the effect of CP phases on the branching ratios is investigated. Specifically, the Higgs sector spectrum and mixings are computed involving quarks and mirror quarks, squarks and mirror squarks in the loops consistent with the Higgs boson mass constraint. The resulting effective Lagrangian with inclusion of the vector-like quark generation induce flavor violating <span class="hlt">decays</span> at the tree level. In the analysis, we also include the experimental constraints from the flavor changing quark <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the Z boson. The test of the branching ratios predicted could come with further data from LHC13 and such branching ratios could also be accessible at future colliders such as the Higgs factories where the Higgs couplings to fermions will be determined with greater precision.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698138','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698138"><span>Is sexual reproduction of high-mountain plants endangered by <span class="hlt">heat</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ladinig, Ursula; Pramsohler, Manuel; Bauer, Ines; Zimmermann, Sonja; Neuner, Gilbert; Wagner, Johanna</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Strong solar irradiation in combination with still air and dry soil can cause prostrate high-mountain plants to <span class="hlt">heat</span> up considerably and ultimately suffer <span class="hlt">heat</span> damage. Such <span class="hlt">heat</span> damage has been repeatedly shown for vegetative structures, but not for reproductive structures, which we expected to be particularly vulnerable to <span class="hlt">heat</span>. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> effects on cold-adapted plants may increase with rising global temperatures and the predicted increase in <span class="hlt">heat</span> waves. We have tested the <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance of reproductive versus vegetative shoots at different reproductive stages, comparing ten common plant species from different elevation belts in the European Alps. Plant samples were exposed to temperatures in 2-K steps of 30 min each between 42 and 56 °C. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> damage was assessed by visual rating and vital staining. Reproductive shoots were on average 2.5 K less <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerant (LT50, i.e. the mean temperature causing 50 % <span class="hlt">heat</span> damage, 47.2 °C) than vegetative shoots (mean LT50 49.7 °C). Initial <span class="hlt">heat</span> injuries (mean LT10) were observed at 43-<span class="hlt">45</span> °C in <span class="hlt">heat</span>-susceptible species and at <span class="hlt">45</span>-47 °C in more <span class="hlt">heat</span>-tolerant species, in at least one reproductive stage. Generally, <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance was significantly higher during fruiting than during the bud stages and anthesis. Prostrate species with acaulescent buds and flowers tolerated <span class="hlt">heat</span> better than those with caulescent buds and flowers. Petals were the most <span class="hlt">heat</span>-susceptible plant structure and mature pollen the most <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerant. Based on these data, <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance of reproductive structures appears to be adapted to the prevailing maximum temperatures which the plants experience during different reproductive stages in their environment. During hot spells, however, <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance thresholds may be exceeded. More frequent <span class="hlt">heat</span> waves would decrease the reproductive output and, consequently, the competitiveness of <span class="hlt">heat</span>-susceptible species.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GPC...112...33C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GPC...112...33C"><span>Inter-decadal modulation of ENSO teleconnections to the Indian Ocean in <span class="hlt">a</span> coupled model: Special emphasis on <span class="hlt">decay</span> phase of El Niño</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chowdary, J. S.; Parekh, Anant; Gnanaseelan, C.; Sreenivas, P.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Inter-decadal modulation of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections to tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) is investigated in the coupled general circulation model Climate Forecast System (CFS) using <span class="hlt">a</span> hundred year integration. The model is able to capture the periodicity of El Niño variability, which is similar to that of the observations. The maximum TIO/north Indian Ocean (NIO) SST warming (during spring following the <span class="hlt">decay</span> phase of El Niño) associated with El Niño is well captured by the model. Detailed analysis reveals that the surface <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux variations mainly contribute to the El Niño forced TIO SST variations both in observations and model. However, spring warming is nearly stationary throughout the model integration period, indicating poor inter-decadal El Niño teleconnections. The observations on the other hand displayed maximum SST warming with strong seasonality from epoch to epoch. The model El Niño <span class="hlt">decay</span> delayed by more than two seasons, results in persistent TIO/NIO SST warming through the following December unlike in the observations. The ocean wave adjustments and persistent westerly wind anomalies over the equatorial Pacific are responsible for late <span class="hlt">decay</span> of El Niño in the model. Consistent late <span class="hlt">decay</span> of El Niño, throughout the model integration period (low variance), is mainly responsible for the poor inter-decadal ENSO teleconnections to TIO/NIO. This study deciphers that the model needs to produce El Niño <span class="hlt">decay</span> phase variability correctly to obtain decadal-modulations in ENSO teleconnection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/5709','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/5709"><span>Soil-contact <span class="hlt">decay</span> tests using small blocks : <span class="hlt">a</span> procedural analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Rodney C. De Groot; James W. Evans; Paul G. Forsyth; Camille M. Freitag; Jeffrey J. Morrell</p> <p></p> <p>Much discussion has been held regarding the merits of laboratory <span class="hlt">decay</span> tests compared with field tests to evaluate wood preservatives. In this study, procedural aspects of soil jar <span class="hlt">decay</span> tests with 1 cm 3 blocks were critically examined. Differences among individual bottles were <span class="hlt">a</span> major source of variation in this method. The reproducibility and sensitivity of the soil...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......128D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......128D"><span>CO2 <span class="hlt">heat</span> pumps for commercial building applications with simultaneous <span class="hlt">heating</span> and cooling demand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dharkar, Supriya</p> <p></p> <p>Many commercial buildings, including data centers, hotels and hospitals, have <span class="hlt">a</span> simultaneous <span class="hlt">heating</span> and cooling demand depending on the season, occupation and auxiliary equipment. <span class="hlt">A</span> data center on the Purdue University, West Lafayette campus is used as <span class="hlt">a</span> case study. The electrical equipment in data centers produce <span class="hlt">heat</span>, which must be removed to prevent the equipment temperature from rising to <span class="hlt">a</span> certain level. With proper integration, this <span class="hlt">heat</span> has the potential to be used as <span class="hlt">a</span> cost-effective energy source for <span class="hlt">heating</span> the building in which the data center resides or the near-by buildings. The proposed <span class="hlt">heat</span> pump system utilizes carbon dioxide with global warming potential of 1, as the refrigerant. System simulations are carried out to determine the feasibility of the system for <span class="hlt">a</span> 12-month period. In addition, energy, environmental and economic analyses are carried out to show the benefits of this alternative technology when compared to the conventional system currently installed in the facility. Primary energy savings of ~28% to ~61%, <span class="hlt">a</span> payback period of 3 to <span class="hlt">4.5</span> years and <span class="hlt">a</span> decrease in the environmental impact value by ~36% makes this system an attractive option. The results are then extended to other commercial buildings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT.......143P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT.......143P"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> High Accuracy Measurement of the Nuclear <span class="hlt">Decay</span> of 235mU and Search for the Nuclear <span class="hlt">Decay</span> of 229mTh</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ponce, Francisco</p> <p></p> <p>Among all nuclear <span class="hlt">decays</span>, there exist two isomeric states with very low-energy that belong to . {229}Th (7.8 ± 0.5 eV) and . {235}U (76.8 ± 0.5 eV) . Of particular interest is . {229}Th, because the <span class="hlt">decay</span> energy is in the ultraviolet, and therefore in the range of modern tunable lasers. The isomer can potentially be used as the basis for <span class="hlt">a</span> nuclear clock that is expected to be two orders of magnitude more precise than atomic clocks. However, the . {229m}Th nuclear <span class="hlt">decay</span> energy is not sufficiently well known to design the necessary laser system for <span class="hlt">a</span> nuclear clock. This work describes the development of <span class="hlt">a</span> new technique using superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detectors to directly measure the nuclear <span class="hlt">decay</span> of low-energy isomers with <span class="hlt">a</span> high level of accuracy. The strength of the technique is demonstrated by measuring the <span class="hlt">decay</span> energy of the . {235}U isomer at 76.737 ± 0.018 eV. Over an order of magnitude more accurate than the current literature value. The technique is then applied to detect the transition in . {229m}Th directly and measure its energy with comparable accuracy. These experiments are unsuccessful and are discussed in light of the recent measurement of the . {229m}Th half-life of 7 ± \\SI{1}{\\micro\\second}.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4055137','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4055137"><span>Reinforcement of Dental Methacrylate with Glass Fiber after <span class="hlt">Heated</span> Silane Application</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fonseca, Rodrigo Borges; de Paula, Marcella Silva; Favarão, Isabella Negro; Kasuya, Amanda Vessoni Barbosa; de Almeida, Letícia Nunes; Mendes, Gustavo Adolfo Martins; Carlo, Hugo Lemes</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This study evaluated the influence of silane <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatment and glass fiber fabrication type, industrially treated (I) or pure (P), on flexural and compressive strength of methacrylate resin bars (BISGMA/TEGDMA, 50/50%). Six groups (n = 10) were created: I-sil: I/silanated; P-sil: P-silanated; I-sil/<span class="hlt">heat</span>: I/silanated <span class="hlt">heated</span> to 100°; P-sil/<span class="hlt">heat</span>: P/silanated <span class="hlt">heated</span> to 100°; (I: I/not silanated; and P: P/not silanated. Specimens were prepared for flexural strength (10 × 2 × 1 mm) and for compressive strength 9.5 × 5.5 × 3 mm) and tested at 0.5 mm/min. Statistical analysis demonstrated the following for flexural strength (P < 0.05): I-sil: 155.89 ± <span class="hlt">45</span>.27BC; P-sil: 155.89 ± <span class="hlt">45</span>.27BC; I-sil/<span class="hlt">heat</span>: 130.20 ± 22.11C; P-sil/<span class="hlt">heat</span>: 169.86 ± 50.29AB; I: 131.87 ± 15.86C. For compressive strength, the following are demonstrated: I-sil: 1367.25 ± 188.77ab; P-sil: 867.61 ± 102.76d; I-sil/<span class="hlt">heat</span>: 1162.98 ± 222.07c; P-sil/<span class="hlt">heat</span>: 1499.35 ± 339.06<span class="hlt">a</span>; and I: 1245.78 ± 211.16bc. Due to the impossibility of incorporating the stipulated amount of fiber, P group was excluded. Glass fiber treatment with <span class="hlt">heated</span> silane enhanced flexural and compressive strength of <span class="hlt">a</span> reinforced dental methacrylate. PMID:24967361</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html"><span>Tooth <span class="hlt">Decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... cavity. Your dentist calls it tooth <span class="hlt">decay</span> or dental caries. They're all names for <span class="hlt">a</span> hole ... or abscess. To help prevent cavities Brush your teeth every day with <span class="hlt">a</span> fluoride toothpaste Clean between ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/482483-heat-trace-schroedinger-operators','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/482483-heat-trace-schroedinger-operators"><span>On the <span class="hlt">heat</span> trace of Schroedinger operators</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Banuelos, R.; Sa Barreto, A.</p> <p>1995-12-31</p> <p>Trace formulae for <span class="hlt">heat</span> kernels of Schroedinger operators have been widely studied in connection with spectral and scattering theory. They have been used to obtain information about <span class="hlt">a</span> potential from its spectrum, or from its scattering data, and vice-versa. Using elementary Fourier transform methods we obtain <span class="hlt">a</span> formula for the general coefficient in the asymptotic expansion of the trace of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> kernel of the Schroedinger operator {minus}{Delta} + V, as t {down_arrow} 0, with V {element_of} S(R{sup n}), the class of functions with rapid <span class="hlt">decay</span> at infinity. In dimension n = 1 <span class="hlt">a</span> recurrent formula for the general coefficientmore » in the expansion is obtained in [6]. However the KdV methods used there do not seem to generalize to higher dimension. Using the formula of [6] and the symmetry of some integrals, Y. Colin de Verdiere has computed the first four coefficients for potentials in three space dimensions. Also in [1] <span class="hlt">a</span> different method is used to compute <span class="hlt">heat</span> coefficients for differential operators on manifolds. 14 refs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1358199','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1358199"><span>Tritium <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Helium-3 Effects in Tungsten</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Shimada, M.; Merrill, B. J.</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> critical challenge for long-term operation of ITER and beyond to <span class="hlt">a</span> Demonstration reactor (DEMO) and future fusion reactor will be the development of plasma-facing components (PFCs) that demonstrate erosion resistance to steady-state/transient <span class="hlt">heat</span> fluxes and intense neutral/ion particle fluxes under the extreme fusion nuclear environment, while at the same time minimizing in-vessel tritium inventories and permeation fluxes into the PFC’s coolant. Tritium will diffuse in bulk tungsten at elevated temperatures, and can be trapped in radiation-induced trap site (up to 1 at. % T/W) in tungsten [1,2]. Tritium <span class="hlt">decay</span> into helium-3 may also play <span class="hlt">a</span> major role in microstructuralmore » evolution (e.g. helium embrittlement) in tungsten due to relatively low helium-4 production (e.g. He/dpa ratio of 0.4-0.7 appm [3]) in tungsten. Tritium-<span class="hlt">decay</span> helium-3 effect on tungsten is hardly understood, and its database is very limited. Two tungsten samples (99.99 at. % purity from <span class="hlt">A</span>.L.M.T. Co., Japan) were exposed to high flux (ion flux of 1.0x1022 m-2s-1 and ion fluence of 1.0x1026 m-2) 0.5%T2/D2 plasma at two different temperatures (200, and 500°C) in Tritium Plasma Experiment (TPE) at Idaho National Laboratory. Tritium implanted samples were stored at ambient temperature in air for more than 3 years to investigate tritium <span class="hlt">decay</span> helium-3 effect in tungsten. The tritium distributions on plasma-exposed was monitored by <span class="hlt">a</span> tritium imaging plate technique during storage period [4]. Thermal desorption spectroscopy was performed with <span class="hlt">a</span> ramp rate of 10°C/min up to 900°C to outgas residual deuterium and tritium but keep helium-3 in tungsten. These helium-3 implanted samples were exposed to deuterium plasma in TPE to investigate helium-3 effect on deuterium behavior in tungsten. The results show that tritium surface concentration in 200°C sample decreased to 30 %, but tritium surface concentration in 500°C sample did not alter over the 3 years storage period, indicating possible</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870007570','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870007570"><span>Measurement of <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer and pressure drop in rectangular channels with turbulence promoters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Han, J. C.; Park, J. S.; Ibrahim, M. Y.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Periodic rib turbulators were used in advanced turbine cooling designs to enhance the internal <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer. The objective of the present project was to investigate the combined effects of the rib angle of attack and the channel aspect ratio on the local <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer and pressure drop in rectangular channels with two opposite ribbed walls for Reynolds number varied from 10,000 to 60,000. The channel aspect ratio (W/H) was varied from 1 to 2 to 4. The rib angle of attack (alpha) was varied from 90 to 60 to <span class="hlt">45</span> to 30 degree. The highly detailed <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer coefficient distribution on both the smooth side and the ribbed side walls from the channel sharp entrance to the downstream region were measured. The results showed that, in the square channel, the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer for the slant ribs (alpha = 30 -<span class="hlt">45</span> deg) was about 30% higher that of the transverse ribs (alpha = 90 deg) for <span class="hlt">a</span> constant pumping power. However, in the rectangular channels (W/H = 2 and 4, ribs on W side), the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer at alpha = 30 -<span class="hlt">45</span> deg was only about 5% higher than 90 deg. The average <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer and friction correlations were developed to account for rib spacing, rib angle, and channel aspect ratio over the range of roughness Reynolds number.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvC..96e4327A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvC..96e4327A"><span>Detailed α -<span class="hlt">decay</span> study of 180Tl</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Andel, B.; Andreyev, A. N.; Antalic, S.; Barzakh, A.; Bree, N.; Cocolios, T. E.; Comas, V. F.; Diriken, J.; Elseviers, J.; Fedorov, D. V.; Fedosseev, V. N.; Franchoo, S.; Ghys, L.; Heredia, J. A.; Huyse, M.; Ivanov, O.; Köster, U.; Liberati, V.; Marsh, B. A.; Nishio, K.; Page, R. D.; Patronis, N.; Seliverstov, M. D.; Tsekhanovich, I.; Van den Bergh, P.; Van De Walle, J.; Van Duppen, P.; Venhart, M.; Vermote, S.; Veselský, M.; Wagemans, C.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> detailed α -<span class="hlt">decay</span> spectroscopy study of 180Tl has been performed at ISOLDE (CERN). Z -selective ionization by the Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) coupled to mass separation provided <span class="hlt">a</span> high-purity beam of 180Tl. Fine-structure α <span class="hlt">decays</span> to excited levels in the daughter 176Au were identified and an α -<span class="hlt">decay</span> scheme of 180Tl was constructed based on an analysis of α -γ and α -γ -γ coincidences. Multipolarities of several γ -ray transitions deexciting levels in 176Au were determined. Based on the analysis of reduced α -<span class="hlt">decay</span> widths, it was found that all α <span class="hlt">decays</span> are hindered, which signifies <span class="hlt">a</span> change of configuration between the parent and all daughter states.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23537135','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23537135"><span>Tidal Venuses: triggering <span class="hlt">a</span> climate catastrophe via tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Barnes, Rory; Mullins, Kristina; Goldblatt, Colin; Meadows, Victoria S; Kasting, James F; Heller, René</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>Traditionally, stellar radiation has been the only <span class="hlt">heat</span> source considered capable of determining global climate on long timescales. Here, we show that terrestrial exoplanets orbiting low-mass stars may be tidally <span class="hlt">heated</span> at high-enough levels to induce <span class="hlt">a</span> runaway greenhouse for <span class="hlt">a</span> long-enough duration for all the hydrogen to escape. Without hydrogen, the planet no longer has water and cannot support life. We call these planets "Tidal Venuses" and the phenomenon <span class="hlt">a</span> "tidal greenhouse." Tidal effects also circularize the orbit, which decreases tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span>. Hence, some planets may form with large eccentricity, with its accompanying large tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span>, and lose their water, but eventually settle into nearly circular orbits (i.e., with negligible tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span>) in the habitable zone (HZ). However, these planets are not habitable, as past tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> desiccated them, and hence should not be ranked highly for detailed follow-up observations aimed at detecting biosignatures. We simulated the evolution of hypothetical planetary systems in <span class="hlt">a</span> quasi-continuous parameter distribution and found that we could constrain the history of the system by statistical arguments. Planets orbiting stars with masses<0.3 MSun may be in danger of desiccation via tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span>. We have applied these concepts to Gl 667C c, <span class="hlt">a</span> ∼<span class="hlt">4.5</span> MEarth planet orbiting <span class="hlt">a</span> 0.3 MSun star at 0.12 AU. We found that it probably did not lose its water via tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span>, as orbital stability is unlikely for the high eccentricities required for the tidal greenhouse. As the inner edge of the HZ is defined by the onset of <span class="hlt">a</span> runaway or moist greenhouse powered by radiation, our results represent <span class="hlt">a</span> fundamental revision to the HZ for noncircular orbits. In the appendices we review (<span class="hlt">a</span>) the moist and runaway greenhouses, (b) hydrogen escape, (c) stellar mass-radius and mass-luminosity relations, (d) terrestrial planet mass-radius relations, and (e) linear tidal theories.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3612283','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3612283"><span>Tidal Venuses: Triggering <span class="hlt">a</span> Climate Catastrophe via Tidal <span class="hlt">Heating</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Mullins, Kristina; Goldblatt, Colin; Meadows, Victoria S.; Kasting, James F.; Heller, René</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Abstract Traditionally, stellar radiation has been the only <span class="hlt">heat</span> source considered capable of determining global climate on long timescales. Here, we show that terrestrial exoplanets orbiting low-mass stars may be tidally <span class="hlt">heated</span> at high-enough levels to induce <span class="hlt">a</span> runaway greenhouse for <span class="hlt">a</span> long-enough duration for all the hydrogen to escape. Without hydrogen, the planet no longer has water and cannot support life. We call these planets “Tidal Venuses” and the phenomenon <span class="hlt">a</span> “tidal greenhouse.” Tidal effects also circularize the orbit, which decreases tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span>. Hence, some planets may form with large eccentricity, with its accompanying large tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span>, and lose their water, but eventually settle into nearly circular orbits (i.e., with negligible tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span>) in the habitable zone (HZ). However, these planets are not habitable, as past tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span> desiccated them, and hence should not be ranked highly for detailed follow-up observations aimed at detecting biosignatures. We simulated the evolution of hypothetical planetary systems in <span class="hlt">a</span> quasi-continuous parameter distribution and found that we could constrain the history of the system by statistical arguments. Planets orbiting stars with masses<0.3 MSun may be in danger of desiccation via tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span>. We have applied these concepts to Gl 667C c, <span class="hlt">a</span> ∼<span class="hlt">4.5</span> MEarth planet orbiting <span class="hlt">a</span> 0.3 MSun star at 0.12 AU. We found that it probably did not lose its water via tidal <span class="hlt">heating</span>, as orbital stability is unlikely for the high eccentricities required for the tidal greenhouse. As the inner edge of the HZ is defined by the onset of <span class="hlt">a</span> runaway or moist greenhouse powered by radiation, our results represent <span class="hlt">a</span> fundamental revision to the HZ for noncircular orbits. In the appendices we review (<span class="hlt">a</span>) the moist and runaway greenhouses, (b) hydrogen escape, (c) stellar mass-radius and mass-luminosity relations, (d) terrestrial planet mass-radius relations, and (e) linear tidal theories. Key Words: Extrasolar terrestrial</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5249782-wood-decay-submicroscopic-view','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5249782-wood-decay-submicroscopic-view"><span>Wood <span class="hlt">decay</span>: <span class="hlt">a</span> submicroscopic view</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Blanchette, R.A.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>Typical patterns of <span class="hlt">decay</span> in softwoods are shown by ultrastructural differences revealed by SEM. Illustrative micrographs are reproduced showing fungi and their effects. Brown rot fungi (e.g. Fomitopsis pinicolor) degrade cellulose leaving <span class="hlt">a</span> lignin skeleton. White rot fungi (e.g. Coriolus versicolor and Hirschioporus abietinus) degrade both lignin and cellulose. White pocket rots (e.g. Phellinus pini) primarily degrade lignin; they have potential for use in paper making, or the production of animal feed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980PhLA...78..398S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980PhLA...78..398S"><span>Specific <span class="hlt">heat</span> of (C 6H 11NH 3) CuCl 3 (CHAC), <span class="hlt">a</span> system of ferromagnetic chains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schouten, J. C.; van der Geest, G. J.; de Jonge, W. J. M.; Kopinga, K.</p> <p>1980-08-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">heat</span> capacity of (C 6H 11NH 3) CuCl 3 (CHAC) has been measured for 0.<span class="hlt">45</span> < T < 60 K. Three-dimensional ordering is observed at T = 2.214 K. The data in the paramagnetic region can be described by <span class="hlt">a</span> ferromagnetic S = {1}/{2} Heisenberg linear chain model system with J/ k = +<span class="hlt">45</span> ± 5K.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21504862-charmless-hadronic-decays-tensor-meson','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21504862-charmless-hadronic-decays-tensor-meson"><span>Charmless hadronic B <span class="hlt">decays</span> into <span class="hlt">a</span> tensor meson</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Cheng, Hai-Yang; C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Yang, Kwei-Chou</p> <p>2011-02-01</p> <p>Two-body charmless hadronic B <span class="hlt">decays</span> involving <span class="hlt">a</span> tensor meson in the final state are studied within the framework of QCD factorization (QCDF). Because of the G-parity of the tensor meson, both the chiral-even and chiral-odd two-parton light-cone distribution amplitudes of the tensor meson are antisymmetric under the interchange of momentum fractions of the quark and antiquark in the SU(3) limit. Our main results are: (i) In the naieve factorization approach, the <span class="hlt">decays</span> such as B{sup -}{yields}K{sub 2}*{sup 0}{pi}{sup -} and B{sup 0}{yields}K{sub 2}*{sup -}{pi}{sup +} with <span class="hlt">a</span> tensor meson emitted are prohibited because <span class="hlt">a</span> tensor meson cannot be created frommore » the local V-<span class="hlt">A</span> or tensor current. Nevertheless, the <span class="hlt">decays</span> receive nonfactorizable contributions in QCDF from vertex, penguin and hard spectator corrections. The experimental observation of B{sup -}{yields}K{sub 2}*{sup 0}{pi}{sup -} indicates the importance of nonfactorizable effects. (ii) For penguin-dominated B{yields}TP and TV <span class="hlt">decays</span>, the predicted rates in naieve factorization are usually too small by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. In QCDF, they are enhanced by power corrections from penguin annihilation and nonfactorizable contributions. (iii) The dominant penguin contributions to B{yields}K{sub 2}*{eta}{sup (')} arise from the processes: (<span class="hlt">a</span>) b{yields}sss{yields}s{eta}{sub s} and (b) b{yields}sqq{yields}qK{sub 2}* with {eta}{sub q}=(uu+dd)/{radical}(2) and {eta}{sub s}=ss. The interference, constructive for K{sub 2}*{eta}{sup '} and destructive for K{sub 2}*{eta}, explains why {Gamma}(B{yields}K{sub 2}*{eta}{sup '})>>{Gamma}(B{yields}K{sub 2}*{eta}). (iv) We use the measured rates of B{yields}K{sub 2}*({omega},{phi}) to extract the penguin-annihilation parameters {rho}{sub <span class="hlt">A</span>}{sup TV} and {rho}{sub <span class="hlt">A</span>}{sup VT} and the observed longitudinal polarization fractions f{sub L}(K{sub 2}*{omega}) and f{sub L}(K{sub 2}*{phi}) to fix the phases {phi}{sub <span class="hlt">A</span>}{sup VT} and {phi}{sub <span class="hlt">A</span>}{sup TV}. (v) The experimental</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5736549','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5736549"><span>Weak <span class="hlt">decays</span> and double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Nicholson, H.W.</p> <p>1983-08-01</p> <p>Work to measure the ..sigma../sup +/ 0 degree differential cross section in the reaction K/sup -/p ..-->.. ..sigma../sup +/..pi../sup -/ at several incident K/sup -/ momenta between 600 and 800 MeV/c as well as the asymmetries in the <span class="hlt">decays</span> of polarized ..sigma../sup +/'s into protons and neutral pions and of polarized ..sigma../sup -/'s into neutrons and negative pions in collaboration with experimenters from Yale, Brookhaven, and the University of Pittsburgh (Brookhaven experiment 702) has been completed. Data from this experiment is currently being analyzed at Yale. Work is currently underway to develop and construct an experiment to search for neutrinolessmore » double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> in thin foils of Mo/sup 100/ in collaboration with experimenters from Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Development work on the solid state silicon detectors should be complete in the next six months and construction should e well underway within the next year.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ZaMP...65..885D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ZaMP...65..885D"><span>Global existence and exponential <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the solution for <span class="hlt">a</span> viscoelastic wave equation with <span class="hlt">a</span> delay</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dai, Qiuyi; Yang, Zhifeng</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>In this paper, we consider initial-boundary value problem of viscoelastic wave equation with <span class="hlt">a</span> delay term in the interior feedback. Namely, we study the following equation together with initial-boundary conditions of Dirichlet type in Ω × (0, + ∞) and prove that for arbitrary real numbers μ 1 and μ 2, the above-mentioned problem has <span class="hlt">a</span> unique global solution under suitable assumptions on the kernel g. This improve the results of the previous literature such as Nicaise and Pignotti (SIAM J. Control Optim <span class="hlt">45</span>:1561-1585, 2006) and Kirane and Said-Houari (Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 62:1065-1082, 2011) by removing the restriction imposed on μ 1 and μ 2. Furthermore, we also get an exponential <span class="hlt">decay</span> results for the energy of the concerned problem in the case μ 1 = 0 which solves an open problem proposed by Kirane and Said-Houari (Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 62:1065-1082, 2011).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5512965','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5512965"><span>Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Textile <span class="hlt">Heating</span> Fabric Based on Silver Coated Polymeric Yarn</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hamdani, Syed Talha Ali; Potluri, Prasad; Fernando, Anura</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>This paper presents <span class="hlt">a</span> study conducted on the thermo-mechanical properties of knitted structures, the methods of manufacture, effect of contact pressure at the structural binding points, on the degree of <span class="hlt">heating</span>. The test results also present the level of <span class="hlt">heating</span> produced as <span class="hlt">a</span> function of the separation between the supply terminals. The study further investigates the rate of <span class="hlt">heating</span> and cooling of the knitted structures. The work also presents the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of <span class="hlt">heating</span> properties of the yarn due to overheating. Thermal images were taken to study the <span class="hlt">heat</span> distribution over the surface of the knitted fabric. <span class="hlt">A</span> tensile tester having constant rate of extension was used to stretch the fabric. The behavior of temperature profile of stretched fabric was observed. <span class="hlt">A</span> comparison of <span class="hlt">heat</span> generation by plain, rib and interlock structures was studied. It was observed from the series of experiments that there is <span class="hlt">a</span> minimum threshold force of contact at binding points of <span class="hlt">a</span> knitted structure is required to pass the electricity. Once this force is achieved, stretching the fabric does not affect the amount of <span class="hlt">heat</span> produced. PMID:28809358</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930022458','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930022458"><span>Measurements and computational analysis of <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer and flow in <span class="hlt">a</span> simulated turbine blade internal cooling passage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Russell, Louis M.; Thurman, Douglas R.; Simonyi, Patricia S.; Hippensteele, Steven A.; Poinsatte, Philip E.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Visual and quantitative information was obtained on <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer and flow in <span class="hlt">a</span> branched-duct test section that had several significant features of an internal cooling passage of <span class="hlt">a</span> turbine blade. The objective of this study was to generate <span class="hlt">a</span> set of experimental data that could be used to validate computer codes for internal cooling systems. Surface <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer coefficients and entrance flow conditions were measured at entrance Reynolds numbers of <span class="hlt">45</span>,000, 335,000, and 726,000. The <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer data were obtained using an Inconel heater sheet attached to the surface and coated with liquid crystals. Visual and quantitative flow field results using particle image velocimetry were also obtained for <span class="hlt">a</span> plane at mid channel height for <span class="hlt">a</span> Reynolds number of <span class="hlt">45</span>,000. The flow was seeded with polystyrene particles and illuminated by <span class="hlt">a</span> laser light sheet. Computational results were determined for the same configurations and at matching Reynolds numbers; these surface <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer coefficients and flow velocities were computed with <span class="hlt">a</span> commercially available code. The experimental and computational results were compared. Although some general trends did agree, there were inconsistencies in the temperature patterns as well as in the numerical results. These inconsistencies strongly suggest the need for further computational studies on complicated geometries such as the one studied.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014FrCh....2...60R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014FrCh....2...60R"><span>Characterization of <span class="hlt">a</span> GHF<span class="hlt">45</span> cellulase, AkEG21, from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rahman, Mohammad; Inoue, Akira; Ojima, Takao</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>The common sea hare Aplysia kurodai is known to be <span class="hlt">a</span> good source for the enzymes degrading seaweed polysaccharides. Recently four cellulases, i.e., 95 kDa, 66 kDa, <span class="hlt">45</span> kDa and 21 kDa enzymes, were isolated from <span class="hlt">A</span>. kurodai (Tsuji et al., PLoS ONE, 8, e65418, 2013). The former three cellulases were regarded as glycosyl-hydrolase-family 9 (GHF9) enzymes, while the 21 kDa cellulase was suggested to be <span class="hlt">a</span> GHF<span class="hlt">45</span> enzyme. The 21 kDa cellulase was significantly <span class="hlt">heat</span> stable, and appeared to be advantageous in performing heterogeneous expression and protein-engineering study. In the present study, we determined some enzymatic properties of the 21 kDa cellulase and cloned its cDNA to provide the basis for the protein engineering study of this cellulase. The purified 21 kDa enzyme, termed AkEG21 in the present study, hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose with an optimal pH and temperature at <span class="hlt">4.5</span> and 40oC, respectively. AkEG21 was considerably <span class="hlt">heat</span>-stable, i.e., it was not inactivated by the incubation at 55oC for 30 min. AkEG21 degraded phosphoric-acid-swollen cellulose producing cellotriose and cellobiose as major end products but hardly degraded oligosaccharides smaller than tetrasaccharide. This indicated that AkEG21 is an endolytic ?-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4). <span class="hlt">A</span> cDNA of 1,013 bp encoding AkEG21 was amplified by PCR and the amino-acid sequence of 197 residues was deduced. The sequence comprised the initiation Met, the putative signal peptide of 16 residues for secretion and the catalytic domain of 180 residues, which lined from the N-terminus in this order. The sequence of the catalytic domain showed 47-62% amino-acid identities to those of GHF<span class="hlt">45</span> cellulases reported in other mollusks. Both the catalytic residues and the N-glycosylation residues known in other GHF<span class="hlt">45</span> cellulases were conserved in AkEG21. Phylogenetic analysis for the amino-acid sequences suggested the close relation between AkEG21 and fungal GHF<span class="hlt">45</span> cellulases.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NIMPA.806...70F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NIMPA.806...70F"><span>Search for the β <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 96Zr</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Finch, S. W.; Tornow, W.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>96Zr and 48Ca are unique among double-β <span class="hlt">decay</span> candidate nuclides in that they may also undergo single-β <span class="hlt">decay</span>. In the case of 96Zr, the single-β <span class="hlt">decay</span> mode is dominated by the fourth-forbidden β <span class="hlt">decay</span> with <span class="hlt">a</span> 119 keV Q value. <span class="hlt">A</span> search was conducted for the β <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 96Zr by observing the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the daughter 96Nb nucleus. Two coaxial high-purity germanium detectors were used in coincidence to detect the γ-ray cascade produced by the daughter nucleus as it de-excited to the ground state. The experiment was carried out at the Kimballton Underground Research Facility and produced 685.7 days of data with <span class="hlt">a</span> 17.91 g enriched sample. No counts were seen above background, producing <span class="hlt">a</span> limit of T1/2 > 2.4 ×1019 year. This is the first experimental search that is able to discern between the β <span class="hlt">decay</span> and the double-β <span class="hlt">decay</span> to an excited state of 96Zr.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhRvL.113o2003A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhRvL.113o2003A"><span>First Observation of <span class="hlt">a</span> Baryonic Bc+ <span class="hlt">Decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aaij, R.; Adeva, B.; Adinolfi, M.; Affolder, A.; Ajaltouni, Z.; Akar, S.; Albrecht, J.; Alessio, F.; Alexander, M.; Ali, S.; Alkhazov, G.; Alvarez Cartelle, P.; Alves, A. A.; Amato, S.; Amerio, S.; Amhis, Y.; An, L.; Anderlini, L.; Anderson, J.; Andreassen, R.; Andreotti, M.; Andrews, J. E.; Appleby, R. B.; Aquines Gutierrez, O.; Archilli, F.; Artamonov, A.; Artuso, M.; Aslanides, E.; Auriemma, G.; Baalouch, M.; Bachmann, S.; Back, J. J.; Badalov, A.; Baldini, W.; Barlow, R. J.; Barschel, C.; Barsuk, S.; Barter, W.; Batozskaya, V.; Battista, V.; Bay, A.; Beaucourt, L.; Beddow, J.; Bedeschi, F.; Bediaga, I.; Belogurov, S.; Belous, K.; Belyaev, I.; Ben-Haim, E.; Bencivenni, G.; Benson, S.; Benton, J.; Berezhnoy, A.; Bernet, R.; Bettler, M.-O.; van Beuzekom, M.; Bien, A.; Bifani, S.; Bird, T.; Bizzeti, A.; Bjørnstad, P. M.; Blake, T.; Blanc, F.; Blouw, J.; Blusk, S.; Bocci, V.; Bondar, A.; Bondar, N.; Bonivento, W.; Borghi, S.; Borgia, A.; Borsato, M.; Bowcock, T. J. V.; Bowen, E.; Bozzi, C.; Brambach, T.; van den Brand, J.; Bressieux, J.; Brett, D.; Britsch, M.; Britton, T.; Brodzicka, J.; Brook, N. H.; Brown, H.; Bursche, A.; Busetto, G.; Buytaert, J.; Cadeddu, S.; Calabrese, R.; Calvi, M.; Calvo Gomez, M.; Campana, P.; Campora Perez, D.; Carbone, A.; Carboni, G.; Cardinale, R.; Cardini, A.; Carson, L.; Carvalho Akiba, K.; Casse, G.; Cassina, L.; Castillo Garcia, L.; Cattaneo, M.; Cauet, Ch.; Cenci, R.; Charles, M.; Charpentier, Ph.; Chefdeville, M.; Chen, S.; Cheung, S.-F.; Chiapolini, N.; Chrzaszcz, M.; Ciba, K.; Cid Vidal, X.; Ciezarek, G.; Clarke, P. E. L.; Clemencic, M.; Cliff, H. V.; Closier, J.; Coco, V.; Cogan, J.; Cogneras, E.; Cojocariu, L.; Collins, P.; Comerma-Montells, A.; Contu, A.; Cook, A.; Coombes, M.; Coquereau, S.; Corti, G.; Corvo, M.; Counts, I.; Couturier, B.; Cowan, G. A.; Craik, D. C.; Cruz Torres, M.; Cunliffe, S.; Currie, R.; D'Ambrosio, C.; Dalseno, J.; David, P.; David, P. N. Y.; Davis, A.; De Bruyn, K.; De Capua, S.; De Cian, M.; De Miranda, J. M.; De Paula, L.; De Silva, W.; De Simone, P.; Decamp, D.; Deckenhoff, M.; Del Buono, L.; Déléage, N.; Derkach, D.; Deschamps, O.; Dettori, F.; Di Canto, A.; Dijkstra, H.; Donleavy, S.; Dordei, F.; Dorigo, M.; Dosil Suárez, A.; Dossett, D.; Dovbnya, A.; Dreimanis, K.; Dujany, G.; Dupertuis, F.; Durante, P.; Dzhelyadin, R.; Dziurda, A.; Dzyuba, A.; Easo, S.; Egede, U.; Egorychev, V.; Eidelman, S.; Eisenhardt, S.; Eitschberger, U.; Ekelhof, R.; Eklund, L.; El Rifai, I.; Elsasser, Ch.; Ely, S.; Esen, S.; Evans, H.-M.; Evans, T.; Falabella, A.; Färber, C.; Farinelli, C.; Farley, N.; Farry, S.; Fay, RF; Ferguson, D.; Fernandez Albor, V.; Ferreira Rodrigues, F.; Ferro-Luzzi, M.; Filippov, S.; Fiore, M.; Fiorini, M.; Firlej, M.; Fitzpatrick, C.; Fiutowski, T.; Fontana, M.; Fontanelli, F.; Forty, R.; Francisco, O.; Frank, M.; Frei, C.; Frosini, M.; Fu, J.; Furfaro, E.; Gallas Torreira, A.; Galli, D.; Gallorini, S.; Gambetta, S.; Gandelman, M.; Gandini, P.; Gao, Y.; García Pardiñas, J.; Garofoli, J.; Garra Tico, J.; Garrido, L.; Gaspar, C.; Gauld, R.; Gavardi, L.; Gavrilov, G.; Geraci, A.; Gersabeck, E.; Gersabeck, M.; Gershon, T.; Ghez, Ph.; Gianelle, A.; Giani', S.; Gibson, V.; Giubega, L.; Gligorov, V. V.; Göbel, C.; Golubkov, D.; Golutvin, A.; Gomes, A.; Gotti, C.; Grabalosa Gándara, M.; Graciani Diaz, R.; Granado Cardoso, L. A.; Graugés, E.; Graziani, G.; Grecu, A.; Greening, E.; Gregson, S.; Griffith, P.; Grillo, L.; Grünberg, O.; Gui, B.; Gushchin, E.; Guz, Yu.; Gys, T.; Hadjivasiliou, C.; Haefeli, G.; Haen, C.; Haines, S. C.; Hall, S.; Hamilton, B.; Hampson, T.; Han, X.; Hansmann-Menzemer, S.; Harnew, N.; Harnew, S. T.; Harrison, J.; He, J.; Head, T.; Heijne, V.; Hennessy, K.; Henrard, P.; Henry, L.; Hernando Morata, J. A.; van Herwijnen, E.; Heß, M.; Hicheur, A.; Hill, D.; Hoballah, M.; Hombach, C.; Hulsbergen, W.; Hunt, P.; Hussain, N.; Hutchcroft, D.; Hynds, D.; Idzik, M.; Ilten, P.; Jacobsson, R.; Jaeger, A.; Jalocha, J.; Jans, E.; Jaton, P.; Jawahery, A.; Jing, F.; John, M.; Johnson, D.; Jones, C. R.; Joram, C.; Jost, B.; Jurik, N.; Kaballo, M.; Kandybei, S.; Kanso, W.; Karacson, M.; Karbach, T. M.; Karodia, S.; Kelsey, M.; Kenyon, I. R.; Ketel, T.; Khanji, B.; Khurewathanakul, C.; Klaver, S.; Klimaszewski, K.; Kochebina, O.; Kolpin, M.; Komarov, I.; Koopman, R. F.; Koppenburg, P.; Korolev, M.; Kozlinskiy, A.; Kravchuk, L.; Kreplin, K.; Kreps, M.; Krocker, G.; Krokovny, P.; Kruse, F.; Kucewicz, W.; Kucharczyk, M.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Kurek, K.; Kvaratskheliya, T.; La Thi, V. N.; Lacarrere, D.; Lafferty, G.; Lai, A.; Lambert, D.; Lambert, R. W.; Lanfranchi, G.; Langenbruch, C.; Langhans, B.; Latham, T.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Gac, R.; van Leerdam, J.; Lees, J.-P.; Lefèvre, R.; Leflat, A.; Lefrançois, J.; Leo, S.; Leroy, O.; Lesiak, T.; Leverington, B.; Li, Y.; Likhomanenko, T.; Liles, M.; Lindner, R.; Linn, C.; Lionetto, F.; Liu, B.; Lohn, S.; Longstaff, I.; Lopes, J. H.; Lopez-March, N.; Lowdon, P.; Lu, H.; Lucchesi, D.; Luo, H.; Lupato, A.; Luppi, E.; Lupton, O.; Machefert, F.; Machikhiliyan, I. V.; Maciuc, F.; Maev, O.; Malde, S.; Malinin, A.; Manca, G.; Mancinelli, G.; Maratas, J.; Marchand, J. F.; Marconi, U.; Marin Benito, C.; Marino, P.; Märki, R.; Marks, J.; Martellotti, G.; Martens, A.; Martín Sánchez, A.; Martinelli, M.; Martinez Santos, D.; Martinez Vidal, F.; Martins Tostes, D.; Massafferri, A.; Matev, R.; Mathe, Z.; Matteuzzi, C.; Mazurov, A.; McCann, M.; McCarthy, J.; McNab, A.; McNulty, R.; McSkelly, B.; Meadows, B.; Meier, F.; Meissner, M.; Merk, M.; Milanes, D. A.; Minard, M.-N.; Moggi, N.; Molina Rodriguez, J.; Monteil, S.; Morandin, M.; Morawski, P.; Mordà, A.; Morello, M. J.; Moron, J.; Morris, A.-B.; Mountain, R.; Muheim, F.; Müller, K.; Mussini, M.; Muster, B.; Naik, P.; Nakada, T.; Nandakumar, R.; Nasteva, I.; Needham, M.; Neri, N.; Neubert, S.; Neufeld, N.; Neuner, M.; Nguyen, A. D.; Nguyen, T. D.; Nguyen-Mau, C.; Nicol, M.; Niess, V.; Niet, R.; Nikitin, N.; Nikodem, T.; Novoselov, A.; O'Hanlon, D. P.; Oblakowska-Mucha, A.; Obraztsov, V.; Oggero, S.; Ogilvy, S.; Okhrimenko, O.; Oldeman, R.; Onderwater, G.; Orlandea, M.; Otalora Goicochea, J. M.; Owen, P.; Oyanguren, A.; Pal, B. K.; Palano, A.; Palombo, F.; Palutan, M.; Panman, J.; Papanestis, A.; Pappagallo, M.; Pappalardo, L. L.; Parkes, C.; Parkinson, C. J.; Passaleva, G.; Patel, G. D.; Patel, M.; Patrignani, C.; Pazos Alvarez, A.; Pearce, A.; Pellegrino, A.; Pepe Altarelli, M.; Perazzini, S.; Perez Trigo, E.; Perret, P.; Perrin-Terrin, M.; Pescatore, L.; Pesen, E.; Petridis, K.; Petrolini, A.; Picatoste Olloqui, E.; Pietrzyk, B.; Pilař, T.; Pinci, D.; Pistone, A.; Playfer, S.; Plo Casasus, M.; Polci, F.; Poluektov, A.; Polycarpo, E.; Popov, A.; Popov, D.; Popovici, B.; Potterat, C.; Price, E.; Prisciandaro, J.; Pritchard, A.; Prouve, C.; Pugatch, V.; Puig Navarro, A.; Punzi, G.; Qian, W.; Rachwal, B.; Rademacker, J. H.; Rakotomiaramanana, B.; Rama, M.; Rangel, M. S.; Raniuk, I.; Rauschmayr, N.; Raven, G.; Reichert, S.; Reid, M. M.; dos Reis, A. C.; Ricciardi, S.; Richards, S.; Rihl, M.; Rinnert, K.; Rives Molina, V.; Roa Romero, D. A.; Robbe, P.; Rodrigues, A. B.; Rodrigues, E.; Rodriguez Perez, P.; Roiser, S.; Romanovsky, V.; Romero Vidal, A.; Rotondo, M.; Rouvinet, J.; Ruf, T.; Ruiz, H.; Ruiz Valls, P.; Saborido Silva, J. J.; Sagidova, N.; Sail, P.; Saitta, B.; Salustino Guimaraes, V.; Sanchez Mayordomo, C.; Sanmartin Sedes, B.; Santacesaria, R.; Santamarina Rios, C.; Santovetti, E.; Sarti, A.; Satriano, C.; Satta, A.; Saunders, D. M.; Savrie, M.; Savrina, D.; Schiller, M.; Schindler, H.; Schlupp, M.; Schmelling, M.; Schmidt, B.; Schneider, O.; Schopper, A.; Schune, M.-H.; Schwemmer, R.; Sciascia, B.; Sciubba, A.; Seco, M.; Semennikov, A.; Sepp, I.; Serra, N.; Serrano, J.; Sestini, L.; Seyfert, P.; Shapkin, M.; Shapoval, I.; Shcheglov, Y.; Shears, T.; Shekhtman, L.; Shevchenko, V.; Shires, A.; Silva Coutinho, R.; Simi, G.; Sirendi, M.; Skidmore, N.; Skwarnicki, T.; Smith, N. A.; Smith, E.; Smith, E.; Smith, J.; Smith, M.; Snoek, H.; Sokoloff, M. D.; Soler, F. J. P.; Soomro, F.; Souza, D.; Souza De Paula, B.; Spaan, B.; Sparkes, A.; Spradlin, P.; Sridharan, S.; Stagni, F.; Stahl, M.; Stahl, S.; Steinkamp, O.; Stenyakin, O.; Stevenson, S.; Stoica, S.; Stone, S.; Storaci, B.; Stracka, S.; Straticiuc, M.; Straumann, U.; Stroili, R.; Subbiah, V. K.; Sun, L.; Sutcliffe, W.; Swientek, K.; Swientek, S.; Syropoulos, V.; Szczekowski, M.; Szczypka, P.; Szilard, D.; Szumlak, T.; T'Jampens, S.; Teklishyn, M.; Tellarini, G.; Teubert, F.; Thomas, C.; Thomas, E.; van Tilburg, J.; Tisserand, V.; Tobin, M.; Tolk, S.; Tomassetti, L.; Tonelli, D.; Topp-Joergensen, S.; Torr, N.; Tournefier, E.; Tourneur, S.; Tran, M. T.; Tresch, M.; Tsaregorodtsev, A.; Tsopelas, P.; Tuning, N.; Ubeda Garcia, M.; Ukleja, A.; Ustyuzhanin, A.; Uwer, U.; Vagnoni, V.; Valenti, G.; Vallier, A.; Vazquez Gomez, R.; Vazquez Regueiro, P.; Vázquez Sierra, C.; Vecchi, S.; Velthuis, J. J.; Veltri, M.; Veneziano, G.; Vesterinen, M.; Viaud, B.; Vieira, D.; Vieites Diaz, M.; Vilasis-Cardona, X.; Vollhardt, A.; Volyanskyy, D.; Voong, D.; Vorobyev, A.; Vorobyev, V.; Voß, C.; Voss, H.; de Vries, J. A.; Waldi, R.; Wallace, C.; Wallace, R.; Walsh, J.; Wandernoth, S.; Wang, J.; Ward, D. R.; Watson, N. K.; Websdale, D.; Whitehead, M.; Wicht, J.; Wiedner, D.; Wilkinson, G.; Williams, M. P.; Williams, M.; Wilson, F. F.; Wimberley, J.; Wishahi, J.; Wislicki, W.; Witek, M.; Wormser, G.; Wotton, S. A.; Wright, S.; Wu, S.; Wyllie, K.; Xie, Y.; Xing, Z.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yuan, X.; Yushchenko, O.; Zangoli, M.; Zavertyaev, M.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W. C.; Zhang, Y.; Zhelezov, A.; Zhokhov, A.; Zhong, L.; Zvyagin, A.; LHCb Collaboration</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> baryonic <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the Bc+ meson, Bc+→J/ψpp ¯π+, is observed for the first time, with <span class="hlt">a</span> significance of 7.3 standard deviations, in pp collision data collected with the LHCb detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb-1 taken at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. With the Bc+→J/ψπ+ <span class="hlt">decay</span> as the normalization channel, the ratio of branching fractions is measured to be B(Bc+→J/ψpp ¯π+)/B(Bc+→J/ψπ+)=0.143-0.034+0.039(stat)±0.013(syst). The mass of the Bc+ meson is determined as M(Bc+)=6274.0±1.8(stat)±0.4(syst) MeV/c2, using the Bc+→J/ψpp ¯π+ channel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhRvD..93k3011P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhRvD..93k3011P"><span>Enhanced tau neutrino appearance through invisible <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pagliaroli, Giulia; Di Marco, Natalia; Mannarelli, Massimo</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">decay</span> of neutrino mass eigenstates leads to <span class="hlt">a</span> change of the conversion and survival probability of neutrino flavor eigenstates. Exploiting the recent results released by the long-baseline OPERA experiment we perform the statistical investigation of the neutrino invisible <span class="hlt">decay</span> hypothesis in the νμ→ντ appearance channel. We find that the neutrino <span class="hlt">decay</span> provides an enhancement of the expected tau appearance signal with respect to the standard oscillation scenario for the long-baseline OPERA experiment. The increase of the νμ→ντ conversion probability by the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of one of the mass eigenstates is due to <span class="hlt">a</span> reduction of the "destructive interference" among the different massive neutrino components. Despite data showing <span class="hlt">a</span> very mild preference for invisible <span class="hlt">decays</span> with respect to the oscillations only hypothesis, we provide an upper limit for the neutrino <span class="hlt">decay</span> lifetime in this channel of τ3/m3≳1.3 ×10-13 s /eV at the 90% confidence level.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1454773-delayed-decay-p26-possible-evidence-proton-halo','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1454773-delayed-decay-p26-possible-evidence-proton-halo"><span>β -delayed γ <span class="hlt">decay</span> of P 26 : Possible evidence of <span class="hlt">a</span> proton halo</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Pérez-Loureiro, D.; Wrede, C.; Bennett, M. B.; ...</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Background: Measurements of β <span class="hlt">decay</span> provide important nuclear structure information that can be used to probe isospin asymmetries and inform nuclear astrophysics studies. Purpose: To measure the β-delayed γ <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 26P and compare the results with previous experimental results and shell-model calculations. Method: <span class="hlt">A</span> 26P fast beam produced using nuclear fragmentation was implanted into <span class="hlt">a</span> planar germanium detector. Its β-delayed γ-ray emission was measured with an array of 16 high-purity germanium detectors. Positrons emitted in the <span class="hlt">decay</span> were detected in coincidence to reduce the background. Results: The absolute intensities of 26P β-delayed γ-rays were determined. <span class="hlt">A</span> total of sixmore » new β-<span class="hlt">decay</span> branches and 15 new γ-ray lines have been observed for the first time in 26P β-<span class="hlt">decay</span>. <span class="hlt">A</span> complete β-<span class="hlt">decay</span> scheme was built for the allowed transitions to bound excited states of 26Si. ft values and Gamow-Teller strengths were also determined for these transitions and compared with shell model calculations and the mirror β-<span class="hlt">decay</span> of 26Na, revealing significant mirror asymmetries. Conclusions: <span class="hlt">A</span> very good agreement with theoretical predictions based on the USDB shell model is observed. The significant mirror asymmetry observed for the transition to the first excited state (δ=51(10)%) may be evidence for <span class="hlt">a</span> proton halo in 26P.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhRvA..79a2106M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhRvA..79a2106M"><span>Quantum <span class="hlt">decay</span> model with exact explicit analytical solution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marchewka, Avi; Granot, Er'El</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> simple <span class="hlt">decay</span> model is introduced. The model comprises <span class="hlt">a</span> point potential well, which experiences an abrupt change. Due to the temporal variation, the initial quantum state can either escape from the well or stay localized as <span class="hlt">a</span> new bound state. The model allows for an exact analytical solution while having the necessary features of <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">decay</span> process. The results show that the <span class="hlt">decay</span> is never exponential, as classical dynamics predicts. Moreover, at short times the <span class="hlt">decay</span> has <span class="hlt">a</span> fractional power law, which differs from perturbation quantum method predictions. At long times the <span class="hlt">decay</span> includes oscillations with an envelope that <span class="hlt">decays</span> algebraically. This is <span class="hlt">a</span> model where the final state can be either continuous or localized, and that has an exact analytical solution.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990mshe.rept.....D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990mshe.rept.....D"><span>Microtube strip <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Doty, F. D.</p> <p>1990-12-01</p> <p>Doty Scientific (DSI) believes their microtube-strip <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger will contribute significantly to the following: (1) the closed Brayton cycles being pursued at MIT, NASA, and elsewhere; (2) reverse Brayton cycle cryocoolers, currently being investigated by NASA for space missions, being applied to MRI superconducting magnets; and (3) high-efficiency cryogenic gas separation schemes for CO2 removal from exhaust stacks. The goal of this current study is to show the potential for substantial progress in high-effectiveness, low-cost, gas-to-gas <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchangers for diverse applications at temperatures from below 100 K to above 1000 K. To date, the highest effectiveness measured is about 98 percent and relative pressure drops below 0.1 percent with <span class="hlt">a</span> specific conductance of about <span class="hlt">45</span> W/kgK are reported. During the pre-award period DSI built and tested <span class="hlt">a</span> 3-module <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger bank using 103-tube microtube strip (MTS) modules. To add to their analytical capabilities, DSI has acquired computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. This report describes the pre-award work and the status of the ten tasks of the current project, which are: analyze flow distribution and thermal stresses within individual modules; design <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger bank of ten modules with 400 microtube per module; obtain production quality tubestrip die and AISI 304 tubestrips; obtain production quality microtubing; construct revised MTS <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger; construct dies and fixtures for prototype <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger; construct 100 MTS modules; assemble 8 to 10 prototype MTS <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchangers; test prototype MTS <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger; and verify test through independent means.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040141498&hterms=heat+exchange&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dheat%2Bexchange','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040141498&hterms=heat+exchange&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dheat%2Bexchange"><span>Thermoregulation and <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchange in <span class="hlt">a</span> nonuniform thermal environment during simulated extended EVA. Extravehicular activities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Koscheyev, V. S.; Leon, G. R.; Hubel, A.; Nelson, E. D.; Tranchida, D.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>BACKGROUND: Nonuniform <span class="hlt">heating</span> and cooling of the body, <span class="hlt">a</span> possibility during extended duration extravehicular activities (EVA), was studied by means of <span class="hlt">a</span> specially designed water circulating garment that independently <span class="hlt">heated</span> or cooled the right and left sides of the body. The purpose was to assess whether there was <span class="hlt">a</span> generalized reaction on the finger in extreme contradictory temperatures on the body surface, as <span class="hlt">a</span> potential <span class="hlt">heat</span> status controller. METHOD: Eight subjects, six men and two women, were studied while wearing <span class="hlt">a</span> sagittally divided experimental garment with hands exposed in the following conditions: Stage 1 baseline--total body garment inlet water temperature at 33 degrees C; Stage 2--left side inlet water temperature <span class="hlt">heated</span> to <span class="hlt">45</span> degrees C; right side cooled to 8 degrees C; Stage 3--left side inlet water temperature cooled to 8 degrees C, right side <span class="hlt">heated</span> to <span class="hlt">45</span> degrees C. RESULTS: Temperatures on each side of the body surface as well as ear canal temperature (Tec) showed statistically significant Stage x Side interactions, demonstrating responsiveness to the thermal manipulations. Right and left finger temperatures (Tfing) were not significantly different across stages; their dynamic across time was similar. Rectal temperature (Tre) was not reactive to prevailing cold on the body surface, and therefore not informative. Subjective perception of <span class="hlt">heat</span> and cold on the left and right sides of the body was consistent with actual temperature manipulations. CONCLUSIONS: Tec and Tre estimates of internal temperature do not provide accurate data for evaluating overall thermal status in nonuniform thermal conditions on the body surface. The use of Tfing has significant potential in providing more accurate information on thermal status and as <span class="hlt">a</span> feedback method for more precise thermal regulation of the astronaut within the EVA space suit.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10870816','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10870816"><span>Thermoregulation and <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchange in <span class="hlt">a</span> nonuniform thermal environment during simulated extended EVA. Extravehicular activities.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Koscheyev, V S; Leon, G R; Hubel, A; Nelson, E D; Tranchida, D</p> <p>2000-06-01</p> <p>Nonuniform <span class="hlt">heating</span> and cooling of the body, <span class="hlt">a</span> possibility during extended duration extravehicular activities (EVA), was studied by means of <span class="hlt">a</span> specially designed water circulating garment that independently <span class="hlt">heated</span> or cooled the right and left sides of the body. The purpose was to assess whether there was <span class="hlt">a</span> generalized reaction on the finger in extreme contradictory temperatures on the body surface, as <span class="hlt">a</span> potential <span class="hlt">heat</span> status controller. Eight subjects, six men and two women, were studied while wearing <span class="hlt">a</span> sagittally divided experimental garment with hands exposed in the following conditions: Stage 1 baseline--total body garment inlet water temperature at 33 degrees C; Stage 2--left side inlet water temperature <span class="hlt">heated</span> to <span class="hlt">45</span> degrees C; right side cooled to 8 degrees C; Stage 3--left side inlet water temperature cooled to 8 degrees C, right side <span class="hlt">heated</span> to <span class="hlt">45</span> degrees C. Temperatures on each side of the body surface as well as ear canal temperature (Tec) showed statistically significant Stage x Side interactions, demonstrating responsiveness to the thermal manipulations. Right and left finger temperatures (Tfing) were not significantly different across stages; their dynamic across time was similar. Rectal temperature (Tre) was not reactive to prevailing cold on the body surface, and therefore not informative. Subjective perception of <span class="hlt">heat</span> and cold on the left and right sides of the body was consistent with actual temperature manipulations. Tec and Tre estimates of internal temperature do not provide accurate data for evaluating overall thermal status in nonuniform thermal conditions on the body surface. The use of Tfing has significant potential in providing more accurate information on thermal status and as <span class="hlt">a</span> feedback method for more precise thermal regulation of the astronaut within the EVA space suit.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NJPh...18b3003X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NJPh...18b3003X"><span>Polaron effects on the performance of light-harvesting systems: <span class="hlt">a</span> quantum <span class="hlt">heat</span> engine perspective</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Dazhi; Wang, Chen; Zhao, Yang; Cao, Jianshu</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>We explore energy transfer in <span class="hlt">a</span> generic three-level system, which is coupled to three non-equilibrium baths. Built on the concept of quantum <span class="hlt">heat</span> engine, our three-level model describes non-equilibrium quantum processes including light-harvesting energy transfer, nano-scale <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer, photo-induced isomerization, and photovoltaics in double quantum-dots. In the context of light-harvesting, the excitation energy is first pumped up by sunlight, then is transferred via two excited states which are coupled to <span class="hlt">a</span> phonon bath, and finally <span class="hlt">decays</span> to the reaction center. The efficiency of this process is evaluated by steady state analysis via <span class="hlt">a</span> polaron-transformed master equation; thus the entire range of the system-phonon coupling strength can be covered. We show that the coupling with the phonon bath not only modifies the steady state, resulting in population inversion, but also introduces <span class="hlt">a</span> finite steady state coherence which optimizes the energy transfer flux and efficiency. In the strong coupling limit, the steady state coherence disappears and the efficiency recovers the <span class="hlt">heat</span> engine limit given by Scovil and Schultz-Dubois (1959 Phys. Rev. Lett. 2 262).</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970012643','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970012643"><span>The Effect of Cooling Passage Aspect Ratio on Curvature <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Transfer Enhancement</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Meyer, Michael L.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> series of electrically <span class="hlt">heated</span> tube experiments was performed to investigate the effect of high aspect ratio on curvature <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer enhancement in uniformly <span class="hlt">heated</span> rectangular cooling passages. Three hardware geometries were tested: <span class="hlt">a</span> baseline straight aspect ratio 10 tube, an aspect ratio 1 (square) tube with <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">45</span> deg. curve, and an aspect ratio 10 tube with <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">45</span> deg. curve. Gaseous nitrogen with the following properties was used as the coolant: ambient inlet temperature, pressures to 8.3 MPa, wall-to-bulk temperature ratios less than two, and Reynolds numbers based on hydraulic diameter ranging from 250,000 to 1,600,000. The measured curvature enhancement factors were compared to values predicted by three previously published models which had been developed for low aspect ratio tubes. The models were shown to be valid for the high aspect ratio tube as well the low aspect ratio tube, indicating that aspect ratio had little impact on the curvature <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer enhancement in these tests.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvL.120u2502W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvL.120u2502W"><span>Puzzling Two-Proton <span class="hlt">Decay</span> of 67Kr</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, S. M.; Nazarewicz, W.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Ground-state two-proton (2 p ) radioactivity is <span class="hlt">a</span> rare <span class="hlt">decay</span> mode found in <span class="hlt">a</span> few very proton-rich isotopes. The 2 p <span class="hlt">decay</span> lifetime and properties of emitted protons carry invaluable information on nuclear structure in the presence of <span class="hlt">a</span> low-lying proton continuum. The recently measured 2 p <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 67Kr turned out to be unexpectedly fast. Since 67Kr is expected to be <span class="hlt">a</span> deformed system, we investigate the impact of deformation effects on the 2 p radioactivity. We apply the recently developed Gamow coupled-channel framework, which allows for <span class="hlt">a</span> precise description of three-body systems in the presence of rotational and vibrational couplings. This is the first application of <span class="hlt">a</span> three-body approach to <span class="hlt">a</span> two-nucleon <span class="hlt">decay</span> from <span class="hlt">a</span> deformed nucleus. We show that deformation couplings significantly increase the 2 p <span class="hlt">decay</span> width of 67Kr; this finding explains the puzzling experimental data. The calculated angular proton-proton correlations reflect <span class="hlt">a</span> competition between 1 p and 2 p <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes in this nucleus.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......173L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......173L"><span>Magnetic reconnection as <span class="hlt">a</span> chondrule <span class="hlt">heating</span> mechanism</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lazerson, Samuel A.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The origin of chondrules (sub-millimeter inclusions found in stony meteorites) remains today an open question despite over century of examination. The age of these proto-solar relics shows <span class="hlt">a</span> well defined cutoff of around <span class="hlt">4.5</span> billion years ago. This places them as the oldest solids in the solar system. Chemical examination indicates that they experienced <span class="hlt">heating</span> events on the order of 5000 K/hr for periods of around 30 minutes, followed by extending periods of cooling. Additional examination indicates the presence of large magnetic fields during their formation. Most attempts to explain chondrule formation in the proto-solar nebula neglect the existence of <span class="hlt">a</span> plasma environment, with even less mention of dust being <span class="hlt">a</span> charge carrier (dusty plasma). Simulations of magnetic reconnection in <span class="hlt">a</span> dusty plasma are forwarded as <span class="hlt">a</span> mechanism for chondrule formation in the proto-solar nebula. Here large dust-neutral relative velocities are found in the reconnection region. These flows are associated with the dynamics of reconnection. The high Knudsen number of the dust particles allows for <span class="hlt">a</span> direct calculation of frictional <span class="hlt">heating</span> due to collisions with neutrals (allowing for the neglect of boundary layer formation around the particle). Test particle simulations produce <span class="hlt">heating</span> equivalent to that recorded in the chondrule mineral record. It is shown that magnetic reconnection in <span class="hlt">a</span> dusty plasma is of fundamental importance to the formation of the most primitive solids in the solar system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/49367','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/49367"><span>The footprint of urban <span class="hlt">heat</span> island effect in China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Decheng Zhou; Shuqing Zhao; Liangxia Zhang; Ge Sun; Yongqiang Liu</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Urban <span class="hlt">heat</span> island (UHI) is one major anthropogenic modification to the Earth system that transcends its physical boundary. Using MODIS data from 2003 to 2012, we showed that the UHI effect <span class="hlt">decayed</span> exponentially toward rural areas for majority of the 32 Chinese cities. We found an obvious urban/ rural temperature “cliff”, and estimated that the footprint of UHI effect (...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ChPhC..40k3003X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ChPhC..40k3003X"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> mass reconstruction technique for <span class="hlt">a</span> heavy resonance <span class="hlt">decaying</span> to τ + τ -</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xia, Li-Gang</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>For <span class="hlt">a</span> resonance <span class="hlt">decaying</span> to τ + τ -, it is difficult to reconstruct its mass accurately because of the presence of neutrinos in the <span class="hlt">decay</span> products of the τ leptons. If the resonance is heavy enough, we show that its mass can be well determined by the momentum component of the τ <span class="hlt">decay</span> products perpendicular to the velocity of the τ lepton, p ⊥, and the mass of the visible/invisible <span class="hlt">decay</span> products, m vis/inv, for τ <span class="hlt">decaying</span> to hadrons/leptons. By sampling all kinematically allowed values of p ⊥ and m vis/inv according to their joint probability distributions determined by the MC simulations, the mass of the mother resonance is assumed to lie at the position with the maximal probability. Since p ⊥ and m vis/inv are invariant under the boost in the τ lepton direction, the joint probability distributions are independent upon the τ’s origin. Thus this technique is able to determine the mass of an unknown resonance with no efficiency loss. It is tested using MC simulations of the physics processes pp → Z/h(125)/h(750) + X → ττ + X at 13 TeV. The ratio of the full width at half maximum and the peak value of the reconstructed mass distribution is found to be 20%-40% using the information of missing transverse energy. Supported by General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M581062)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/330646','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/330646"><span>QCD in heavy quark production and <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wiss, J.</p> <p>1997-06-01</p> <p>The author discusses how QCD is used to understand the physics of heavy quark production and <span class="hlt">decay</span> dynamics. His discussion of production dynamics primarily concentrates on charm photoproduction data which are compared to perturbative QCD calculations which incorporate fragmentation effects. He begins his discussion of heavy quark <span class="hlt">decay</span> by reviewing data on charm and beauty lifetimes. Present data on fully leptonic and semileptonic charm <span class="hlt">decay</span> are then reviewed. Measurements of the hadronic weak current form factors are compared to the nonperturbative QCD-based predictions of Lattice Gauge Theories. He next discusses polarization phenomena present in charmed baryon <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Heavy Quark Effectivemore » Theory predicts that the daughter baryon will recoil from the charmed parent with nearly 100% left-handed polarization, which is in excellent agreement with present data. He concludes by discussing nonleptonic charm <span class="hlt">decay</span> which is traditionally analyzed in <span class="hlt">a</span> factorization framework applicable to two-body and quasi-two-body nonleptonic <span class="hlt">decays</span>. This discussion emphasizes the important role of final state interactions in influencing both the observed <span class="hlt">decay</span> width of various two-body final states as well as modifying the interference between interfering resonance channels which contribute to specific multibody <span class="hlt">decays</span>. 50 refs., 77 figs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CMT...tmp...46Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CMT...tmp...46Z"><span>Wave propagation model of <span class="hlt">heat</span> conduction and group speed</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Long; Zhang, Xiaomin; Peng, Song</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In view of the finite relaxation model of non-Fourier's law, the Cattaneo and Vernotte (CV) model and Fourier's law are presented in this work for comparing wave propagation modes. Independent variable translation is applied to solve the partial differential equation. Results show that the general form of the time spatial distribution of temperature for the three media comprises two solutions: those corresponding to the positive and negative logarithmic <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates. The former shows that <span class="hlt">a</span> group of <span class="hlt">heat</span> waves whose spatial distribution follows the exponential function law propagates at <span class="hlt">a</span> group speed; the speed of propagation is related to the logarithmic <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate. The total speed of all the possible <span class="hlt">heat</span> waves can be combined to form the group speed of the wave propagation. The latter indicates that the spatial distribution of temperature, which follows the exponential function law, <span class="hlt">decays</span> with time. These features show that propagation accelerates when <span class="hlt">heated</span> and decelerates when cooled. For the model media that follow Fourier's law and correspond to the positive <span class="hlt">heat</span> rate of <span class="hlt">heat</span> conduction, the propagation mode is also considered the propagation of <span class="hlt">a</span> group of <span class="hlt">heat</span> waves because the group speed has no upper bound. For the finite relaxation model with non-Fourier media, the interval of group speed is bounded and the maximum speed can be obtained when the logarithmic <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate is exactly the reciprocal of relaxation time. And for the CV model with <span class="hlt">a</span> non-Fourier medium, the interval of group speed is also bounded and the maximum value can be obtained when the logarithmic <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate is infinite.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.5058G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.5058G"><span>Frozen waterfall (or ice cascade) growth and <span class="hlt">decay</span>: <span class="hlt">a</span> thermodynamic approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gauthier, Francis; Montagnat, Maurine; Weiss, Jérôme; Allard, Michel; Hétu, Bernard</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>The ice volume evolution of an ice cascade was studied using <span class="hlt">a</span> thermodynamic model. The model was developed from meteorological data collected in the vicinity of the waterfall and validated from ice volume measurements estimated from terrestrial LiDAR images. The ice cascade forms over <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">45</span> m high rockwall located in northern Gaspésie, Québec, Canada. Two stages of formation were identified. During the first stage, the growth is mainly controlled by air convection around the flowing and freefalling water. The ice cascade growth rate increases with the decreasing air temperature below 0°C and when the water flow reaches its lowest level. During the second stage, the ice cascade covers the entire rockwall surface, water flow is isolated from the outside environment and ice volume increases asymptotically. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> is evacuated from the water flow through the ice cover by conduction. The growth is mainly controlled by the radiation energy balance but more specifically by the longwave radiation emitted at the ice surface during the night. In spring, melting of the ice cascade is clearly dependant on the sensible <span class="hlt">heat</span> carried by the increasing water flow and the diffuse solar radiation received at the ice surface during the day.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14611333','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14611333"><span>Search for D0-D(-)0 mixing and <span class="hlt">a</span> measurement of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate in D0-->Kpi <span class="hlt">decays</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aubert, B; Barate, R; Boutigny, D; Gaillard, J-M; Hicheur, A; Karyotakis, Y; Lees, J P; Robbe, P; Tisserand, V; Zghiche, A; Palano, A; Pompili, A; Chen, J C; Qi, N D; Rong, G; Wang, P; Zhu, Y S; Eigen, G; Ofte, I; Stugu, B; Abrams, G S; Borgland, A W; Breon, A B; Brown, D N; Button-Shafer, J; Cahn, R N; Charles, E; Day, C T; Gill, M S; Gritsan, A V; Groysman, Y; Jacobsen, R G; Kadel, R W; Kadyk, J; Kerth, L T; Kolomensky, Yu G; Kral, J F; Kukartsev, G; LeClerc, C; Levi, M E; Lynch, G; Mir, L M; Oddone, P J; Orimoto, T J; Pripstein, M; Roe, N A; Romosan, A; Ronan, M T; Shelkov, V G; Telnov, A V; Wenzel, W A; Harrison, T J; Hawkes, C M; Knowles, D J; Penny, R C; Watson, A T; Watson, N K; Deppermann, T; Goetzen, K; Koch, H; Lewandowski, B; Pelizaeus, M; Peters, K; Schmuecker, H; Steinke, M; Barlow, N R; Bhimji, W; Boyd, J T; Chevalier, N; Cottingham, W N; Mackay, C; Wilson, F F; Hearty, C; Mattison, T S; McKenna, J A; Thiessen, D; Kyberd, P; McKemey, A K; Blinov, V E; Bukin, A D; Golubev, V B; Ivanchenko, V N; Kravchenko, E A; Onuchin, A P; Serednyakov, S I; Skovpen, Yu I; Solodov, E P; Yushkov, A N; Best, D; Chao, M; Kirkby, D; Lankford, A J; Mandelkern, M; McMahon, S; Mommsen, R K; Roethel, W; Stoker, D P; Buchanan, C; Hadavand, H K; Hill, E J; MacFarlane, D B; Paar, H P; Rahatlou, Sh; Schwanke, U; Sharma, V; Berryhill, J W; Campagnari, C; Dahmes, B; Kuznetsova, N; Levy, S L; Long, O; Lu, A; Mazur, M A; Richman, J D; Verkerke, W; Beringer, J; Eisner, A M; Grothe, M; Heusch, C A; Lockman, W S; Schalk, T; Schmitz, R E; Schumm, B A; Seiden, A; Turri, M; Walkowiak, W; Williams, D C; Wilson, M G; Albert, J; Chen, E; Dorsten, M P; Dubois-Felsmann, G P; Dvoretskii, A; Hitlin, D G; Narsky, I; Porter, F C; Ryd, A; Samuel, A; Yang, S; Jayatilleke, S; Mancinelli, G; Meadows, B T; Sokoloff, M D; Barillari, T; Blanc, F; Bloom, P; Clark, P J; Ford, W T; Nauenberg, U; Olivas, A; Rankin, P; Roy, J; Smith, J G; van Hoek, W C; Zhang, L; Harton, J L; Hu, T; Soffer, A; Toki, W H; Wilson, R J; Zhang, J; Altenburg, D; Brandt, T; Brose, J; Colberg, T; Dickopp, M; Dubitzky, R S; Hauke, A; Lacker, H M; Maly, E; Müller-Pfefferkorn, R; Nogowski, R; Otto, S; Schubert, K R; Schwierz, R; Spaan, B; Wilden, L; Bernard, D; Bonneaud, G R; Brochard, F; Cohen-Tanugi, J; Thiebaux, Ch; Vasileiadis, G; Verderi, M; Khan, A; Lavin, D; Muheim, F; Playfer, S; Swain, J E; Tinslay, J; Bozzi, C; Piemontese, L; Sarti, A; Treadwell, E; Anulli, F; Baldini-Ferroli, R; Calcaterra, A; de Sangro, R; Falciai, D; Finocchiaro, G; Patteri, P; Peruzzi, I M; Piccolo, M; Zallo, A; Buzzo, A; Contri, R; Crosetti, G; Lo Vetere, M; Macri, M; Monge, M R; Passaggio, S; Pastore, F C; Patrignani, C; Robutti, E; Santroni, A; Tosi, S; Bailey, S; Morii, M; Grenier, G J; Lee, S-J; Mallik, U; Cochran, J; Crawley, H B; Lamsa, J; Meyer, W T; Prell, S; Rosenberg, E I; Yi, J; Davier, M; Grosdidier, G; Höcker, A; Laplace, S; Le Diberder, F; Lepeltier, V; Lutz, A M; Petersen, T C; Plaszczynski, S; Schune, M H; Tantot, L; Wormser, G; Bionta, R M; Brigljević, V; Cheng, C H; Lange, D J; Wright, D M; Bevan, A J; Fry, J R; Gabathuler, E; Gamet, R; Kay, M; Payne, D J; Sloane, R J; Touramanis, C; Aspinwall, M L; Bowerman, D A; Dauncey, P D; Egede, U; Eschrich, I; Morton, G W; Nash, J A; Sanders, P; Taylor, G P; Back, J J; Bellodi, G; Harrison, P F; Shorthouse, H W; Strother, P; Vidal, P B; Cowan, G; Flaecher, H U; George, S; Green, M G; Kurup, A; Marker, C E; McMahon, T R; Ricciardi, S; Salvatore, F; Vaitsas, G; Winter, M A; Brown, D; Davis, C L; Allison, J; Barlow, R J; Forti, A C; Hart, P A; Jackson, F; Lafferty, G D; Lyon, A J; Weatherall, J H; Williams, J C; Farbin, A; Jawahery, A; Kovalskyi, D; Lae, C K; Lillard, V; Roberts, D A; Blaylock, G; Dallapiccola, C; Flood, K T; Hertzbach, S S; Kofler, R; Koptchev, V B; Moore, T B; Staengle, H; Willocq, S; Cowan, R; Sciolla, G; Taylor, F; Yamamoto, R K; Mangeol, D J J; Milek, M; Patel, P M; Lazzaro, A; Palombo, F; Bauer, J M; Cremaldi, L; Eschenburg, V; Godang, R; Kroeger, R; Reidy, J; Sanders, D A; Summers, D J; Zhao, H W; Hast, C; Taras, P; Nicholson, H; Cartaro, C; Cavallo, N; De Nardo, G; Fabozzi, F; Gatto, C; Lista, L; Paolucci, P; Piccolo, D; Sciacca, C; Baak, M A; Raven, G; LoSecco, J M; Gabriel, T A; Brau, B; Pulliam, T; Brau, J; Frey, R; Iwasaki, M; Potter, C T; Sinev, N B; Strom, D; Torrence, E; Colecchia, F; Dorigo, A; Galeazzi, F; Margoni, M; Morandin, M; Posocco, M; Rotondo, M; Simonetto, F; Stroili, R; Tiozzo, G; Voci, C; Benayoun, M; Briand, H; Chauveau, J; David, P; de la Vaissière, Ch; Del Buono, L; Hamon, O; Leruste, Ph; Ocariz, J; Pivk, M; Roos, L; Stark, J; T'Jampens, S; Manfredi, P F; Re, V; Gladney, L; Guo, Q H; Panetta, J; Angelini, C; Batignani, G; Bettarini, S; Bondioli, M; Bucci, F; Calderini, G; Carpinelli, M; Forti, F; Giorgi, M A; Lusiani, A; Marchiori, G; Martinez-Vidal, F; Morganti, M; Neri, N; Paoloni, E; Rama, M; Rizzo, G; Sandrelli, F; Walsh, J; Haire, M; Judd, D; Paick, K; Wagoner, D E; Danielson, N; Elmer, P; Lu, C; Miftakov, V; Olsen, J; Smith, A J S; Varnes, E W; Bellini, F; Cavoto, G; del Re, D; Faccini, R; Ferrarotto, F; Ferroni, F; Gaspero, M; Leonardi, E; Mazzoni, M A; Morganti, S; Pierini, M; Piredda, G; Safai Tehrani, F; Serra, M; Voena, C; Christ, S; Wagner, G; Waldi, R; Adye, T; De Groot, N; Franek, B; Geddes, N I; Gopal, G P; Olaiya, E O; Xella, S M; Aleksan, R; Emery, S; Gaidot, A; Ganzhur, S F; Giraud, P-F; Hamel de Monchenault, G; Kozanecki, W; Langer, M; London, G W; Mayer, B; Schott, G; Vasseur, G; Yeche, Ch; Zito, M; Purohit, M V; Weidemann, A W; Yumiceva, F X; Aston, D; Bartoldus, R; Berger, N; Boyarski, A M; Buchmueller, O L; Convery, M R; Coupal, D P; Dong, D; Dorfan, J; Dujmic, D; Dunwoodie, W; Field, R C; Glanzman, T; Gowdy, S J; Grauges-Pous, E; Hadig, T; Halyo, V; Hryn'ova, T; Innes, W R; Jessop, C P; Kelsey, M H; Kim, P; Kocian, M L; Langenegger, U; Leith, D W G S; Luitz, S; Luth, V; Lynch, H L; Marsiske, H; Menke, S; Messner, R; Muller, D R; O'Grady, C P; Ozcan, V E; Perazzo, A; Perl, M; Petrak, S; Ratcliff, B N; Robertson, S H; Roodman, A; Salnikov, A A; Schindler, R H; Schwiening, J; Simi, G; Snyder, A; Soha, A; Stelzer, J; Su, D; Sullivan, M K; Tanaka, H A; Va'vra, J; Wagner, S R; Weaver, M; Weinstein, A J R; Wisniewski, W J; Wright, D H; Young, C C; Burchat, P R; Meyer, T I; Roat, C; Ahmed, S; Ernst, J A; Bugg, W; Krishnamurthy, M; Spanier, S M; Eckmann, R; Kim, H; Ritchie, J L; Schwitters, R F; Izen, J M; Kitayama, I; Lou, X C; Ye, S; Bianchi, F; Bona, M; Gallo, F; Gamba, D; Borean, C; Bosisio, L; Della Ricca, G; Dittongo, S; Grancagnolo, S; Lanceri, L; Poropat, P; Vitale, L; Vuagnin, G; Panvini, R S; Banerjee, Sw; Brown, C M; Fortin, D; Jackson, P D; Kowalewski, R; Roney, J M; Band, H R; Dasu, S; Datta, M; Eichenbaum, A M; Hu, H; Johnson, J R; Liu, R; Lodovico, F Di; Mohapatra, A K; Pan, Y; Prepost, R; Sekula, S J; von Wimmersperg-Toeller, J H; Wu, J; Wu, S L; Yu, Z; Neal, H</p> <p>2003-10-24</p> <p>We present results of <span class="hlt">a</span> search for D0-D(-)0 mixing and <span class="hlt">a</span> measurement of R(D), the ratio of doubly Cabibbo-suppressed <span class="hlt">decays</span> to Cabibbo-favored <span class="hlt">decays</span>, using D0-->K+pi- <span class="hlt">decays</span> from 57.1 fb(-1) of data collected near sqrt[s]=10.6 GeV with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider. At the 95% confidence level, allowing for CP violation, we find the mixing parameters x('2)<0.0022 and -0.056<y(')<0.039, and the mixing rate R(M)<0.16%. In the limit of no mixing, R(D)=[0.357+/-0.022(stat)+/-0.027(syst)]% and the CP-violating asymmetry <span class="hlt">A</span>(D)=0.095+/-0.061(stat)+/-0.083(syst).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990JAP....67.5178S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990JAP....67.5178S"><span>Remanent-magnetization <span class="hlt">decay</span> in CoCr films</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Skorjanec, J.; Cottles, V.; Close, J.; Iverson, P.; Edwards, J.; Dahlberg, E. Dan</p> <p>1990-05-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the remanent magnetization of several thin films of CoCr has been studied using the extraordinary Hall effect as <span class="hlt">a</span> probe of the component of the magnetization perpendicular to the plane of the films. Consistent with previous measurements of CoCr, the remanent magnetization <span class="hlt">decays</span> quasilogarithmically with time after the removal of <span class="hlt">a</span> saturating magnetic field. In the present work the effect of <span class="hlt">a</span> magnetically soft keeper layer on the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the magnetization has been investigated. It is found that the keeper layer does not affect the remanent magnetization nor does it decrease the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate of the perpendicular magnetization. This result indicates that the soft keeper layer is not effective at screening the demagnetization field on <span class="hlt">a</span> length scale relevant to the <span class="hlt">decay</span>-producing fields.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24995636','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24995636"><span>The role of one large greenspace in mitigating London's nocturnal urban <span class="hlt">heat</span> island.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Doick, Kieron J; Peace, Andrew; Hutchings, Tony R</p> <p>2014-09-15</p> <p>The term urban <span class="hlt">heat</span> island (UHI) describes <span class="hlt">a</span> phenomenon where cities are on average warmer than the surrounding rural area. Trees and greenspaces are recognised for their strong potential to regulate urban air temperatures and combat the UHI. Empirical data is required in the UK to inform predictions on cooling by urban greenspaces and guide planning to maximise cooling of urban populations. We describe <span class="hlt">a</span> 5-month study to measure the temperature profile of one of central London's large greenspaces and also in an adjacent street to determine the extent to which the greenspace reduced night-time UHI intensity. Statistical modelling displayed an exponential <span class="hlt">decay</span> in the extent of cooling with increased distance from the greenspace. The extent of cooling ranged from an estimated 20 m on some nights to 440 m on other nights. The mean temperature reduction over these distances was 1.1 °C in the summer months, with <span class="hlt">a</span> maximum of 4 °C cooling observed on some nights. Results suggest that calculation of London's UHI using Met Stations close to urban greenspace can underestimate 'urban' <span class="hlt">heat</span> island intensity due to the cooling effect of the greenspace and values could be in the region of <span class="hlt">45</span>% higher. Our results lend support to claims that urban greenspace is an important component of UHI mitigation strategies. Lack of certainty over the variables that govern the extent of the greenspace cooling influence indicates that the multifaceted roles of trees and greenspaces in the UK's urban environment merit further consideration. Crown Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003915&hterms=plasma&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dplasma','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003915&hterms=plasma&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dplasma"><span>Correlation of Coronal Plasma Properties and Solar Magnetic Field in <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">Decaying</span> Active Region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ko, Yuan-Kuen; Young, Peter R.; Muglach, Karin; Warren, Harry P.; Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We present the analysis of <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">decaying</span> active region observed by the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode during 2009 December 7-11. We investigated the temporal evolution of its structure exhibited by plasma at temperatures from 300,000 to 2.8 million degrees, and derived the electron density, differential emission measure, effective electron temperature, and elemental abundance ratios of Si/S and Fe/S (as <span class="hlt">a</span> measure of the First Ionization Potential (FIP) Effect). We compared these coronal properties to the temporal evolution of the photospheric magnetic field strength obtained from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Michelson Doppler Imager magnetograms. We find that, while these coronal properties all decreased with time during this <span class="hlt">decay</span> phase, the largest change was at plasma above 1.5 million degrees. The photospheric magnetic field strength also decreased with time but mainly for field strengths lower than about 70 Gauss. The effective electron temperature and the FIP bias seem to reach <span class="hlt">a</span> basal state (at 1.5 x 10(exp 6) K and 1.5, respectively) into the quiet Sun when the mean photospheric magnetic field (excluding all areas <10 G) weakened to below 35 G, while the electron density continued to decrease with the weakening field. These physical properties are all positively correlated with each other and the correlation is the strongest in the high-temperature plasma. Such correlation properties should be considered in the quest for our understanding of how the corona is <span class="hlt">heated</span>. The variations in the elemental abundance should especially be considered together with the electron temperature and density.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4836406','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4836406"><span>Extraction of Aerosol-Deposited Yersinia pestis from Indoor Surfaces To Determine Bacterial Environmental <span class="hlt">Decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bartlett, Ryan A.; Yeager, John J.; Leroux, Brian; Ratnesar-Shumate, Shanna; Dabisch, Paul</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>ABSTRACT Public health and decontamination decisions following an event that causes indoor contamination with <span class="hlt">a</span> biological agent require knowledge of the environmental persistence of the agent. The goals of this study were to develop methods for experimentally depositing bacteria onto indoor surfaces via aerosol, evaluate methods for sampling and enumerating the agent on surfaces, and use these methods to determine bacterial surface <span class="hlt">decay</span>. <span class="hlt">A</span> specialized aerosol deposition chamber was constructed, and methods were established for reproducible and uniform aerosol deposition of bacteria onto four coupon types. The deposition chamber facilitated the control of relative humidity (RH; 10 to 70%) following particle deposition to mimic the conditions of indoor environments, as RH is not controlled by standard <span class="hlt">heating</span>, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Extraction and culture-based enumeration methods to quantify the viable bacteria on coupons were shown to be highly sensitive and reproducible. To demonstrate the usefulness of the system for <span class="hlt">decay</span> studies, Yersinia pestis persistence as <span class="hlt">a</span> function of surface type at 21°C and 40% RH was determined to be >40%/min for all surfaces. Based upon these results, at typical indoor temperature and RH, <span class="hlt">a</span> 6-log reduction in titer would expected to be achieved within 1 h as the result of environmental <span class="hlt">decay</span> on surfaces without active decontamination. The developed approach will facilitate future persistence and decontamination studies with <span class="hlt">a</span> broad range of biological agents and surfaces, providing agent <span class="hlt">decay</span> data to inform both assessments of risk to personnel entering <span class="hlt">a</span> contaminated site and decontamination decisions following biological contamination of an indoor environment. IMPORTANCE Public health and decontamination decisions following contamination of an indoor environment with <span class="hlt">a</span> biological agent require knowledge of the environmental persistence of the agent. Previous studies on Y. pestis persistence have</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..152a2008H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..152a2008H"><span>Reducing <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Gains and Cooling Loads Through Roof Structure Configurations of <span class="hlt">A</span> House in Medan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Handayani Lubis, Irma; Donny Koerniawan, Mochamad</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Heat</span> gains and <span class="hlt">heat</span> losses through building surfaces are the main factors that determine the building’s cooling and <span class="hlt">heating</span> loads. Roof as <span class="hlt">a</span> building surface that has the most exposed area to the sun, contribute most of <span class="hlt">heat</span> gains in the building. Therefore, the amount of solar <span class="hlt">heat</span> gains on the roofs need to be minimized by roof structure configurations. This research aims to discover the optimization of roof structure configurations (coating material, structure material, inclination, overhang, and insulation) as one of passive design strategies that reduce <span class="hlt">heat</span> gains and cooling loads of <span class="hlt">a</span> house in Medan. The result showed that case four, white-painted metal roof combined with <span class="hlt">45</span>° roof pitched, 1.5m overhang, and addition of insulation, indicates the minimum <span class="hlt">heat</span> gains production and the less cooling loads during clear sky day but not in the overcast sky condition. In conclusion, <span class="hlt">heat</span> gains and cooling loads of <span class="hlt">a</span> house in Medan could be diminished during clear sky day by the addition of roof coating with high reflectance low solar absorbtance, the slope roof, the extension of wider veranda, and the addition of insulation in the roof structure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title7-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title7-vol2-sec51-490.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title7-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title7-vol2-sec51-490.pdf"><span>7 CFR 51.490 - <span class="hlt">Decay</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Cantaloups 1 Definitions § 51.490 <span class="hlt">Decay</span>. <span class="hlt">Decay</span> means breakdown, disintegration or...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8157528','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8157528"><span>Responses of bovine lymphocytes to <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock as modified by breed and antioxidant status.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kamwanja, L A; Chase, C C; Gutierrez, J A; Guerriero, V; Olson, T A; Hammond, A C; Hansen, P J</p> <p>1994-02-01</p> <p>We tested whether resistance of lymphocytes to <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress is modified by breed, intracellular glutathione content, and extracellular antioxidants. In the first experiment, lymphocytes from Angus (Bos taurus, non-<span class="hlt">heat</span>-tolerant), Brahman (B. indicus, <span class="hlt">heat</span>-tolerant), and Senepol (B. taurus, <span class="hlt">heat</span>-tolerant) heifers (12 heifers per breed) were cultured at <span class="hlt">45</span> degrees C for 3 h to evaluate thermal killing, at 42 degrees C for 12 h in <span class="hlt">a</span> 60-h phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation test, and at 42 degrees C for 1 h to measure induction of <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock protein 70 (HSP70). Killing at <span class="hlt">45</span> degrees C was affected by breed x temperature (P < .01); the decrease in viability caused by <span class="hlt">a</span> temperature of <span class="hlt">45</span> degrees C was greater for Angus than for Brahman or Senepol. For phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes, <span class="hlt">heating</span> to 42 degrees C reduced [3H]thymidine incorporation equally for all breeds. Viability at the end of culture was affected (P < .001) by <span class="hlt">a</span> breed x temperature interaction because the decrease in viability caused by culture at 42 degrees C was greatest for lymphocytes from Angus heifers. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> shock for 1 h at 42 degrees C caused <span class="hlt">a</span> two- to threefold increase in intracellular concentrations of HSP70, but there was no interaction of temperature with breed. In another experiment (with lymphocytes harvested from three Holstein cows), buthionine sulfoximine, <span class="hlt">a</span> glutathione synthesis inhibitor, inhibited (P < .01) proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes at 38.5 and 42 degrees C. Addition of the antioxidants glutathione or thioredoxin to culture did not reduce the effects of <span class="hlt">heating</span> to 42 degrees C on proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title45-vol1-sec90-45.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title45-vol1-sec90-45.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">45</span> CFR 90.<span class="hlt">45</span> - Information requirements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">45</span> Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Information requirements. 90.<span class="hlt">45</span> Section 90.<span class="hlt">45</span>..., Conciliation and Enforcement Procedures § 90.<span class="hlt">45</span> Information requirements. Each agency shall provide in its regulations <span class="hlt">a</span> requirement that the recipient: (<span class="hlt">a</span>) Provide to the agency information necessary to determine...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006SPIE.6349E..50B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006SPIE.6349E..50B"><span>Propagation of resist <span class="hlt">heating</span> mask error to wafer level</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Babin, S. V.; Karklin, Linard</p> <p>2006-10-01</p> <p>As technology is approaching <span class="hlt">45</span> nm and below the IC industry is experiencing <span class="hlt">a</span> severe product yield hit due to rapidly shrinking process windows and unavoidable manufacturing process variations. Current EDA tools are unable by their nature to deliver optimized and process-centered designs that call for 'post design' localized layout optimization DFM tools. To evaluate the impact of different manufacturing process variations on final product it is important to trace and evaluate all errors through design to manufacturing flow. Photo mask is one of the critical parts of this flow, and special attention should be paid to photo mask manufacturing process and especially to mask tight CD control. Electron beam lithography (EBL) is <span class="hlt">a</span> major technique which is used for fabrication of high-end photo masks. During the writing process, resist <span class="hlt">heating</span> is one of the sources for mask CD variations. Electron energy is released in the mask body mainly as <span class="hlt">heat</span>, leading to significant temperature fluctuations in local areas. The temperature fluctuations cause changes in resist sensitivity, which in turn leads to CD variations. These CD variations depend on mask writing speed, order of exposure, pattern density and its distribution. Recent measurements revealed up to <span class="hlt">45</span> nm CD variation on the mask when using ZEP resist. The resist <span class="hlt">heating</span> problem with CAR resists is significantly smaller compared to other types of resists. This is partially due to higher resist sensitivity and the lower exposure dose required. However, there is no data yet showing CD errors on the wafer induced by CAR resist <span class="hlt">heating</span> on the mask. This effect can be amplified by high MEEF values and should be carefully evaluated at <span class="hlt">45</span>nm and below technology nodes where tight CD control is required. In this paper, we simulated CD variation on the mask due to resist <span class="hlt">heating</span>; then <span class="hlt">a</span> mask pattern with the <span class="hlt">heating</span> error was transferred onto the wafer. So, <span class="hlt">a</span> CD error on the wafer was evaluated subject to only one term of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21755982','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21755982"><span>Control of postharvest diseases of fruit by <span class="hlt">heat</span> and fungicides: efficacy, residue levels, and residue persistence. <span class="hlt">A</span> review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schirra, Mario; D'Aquino, Salvatore; Cabras, Paolo; Angioni, Alberto</p> <p>2011-08-24</p> <p>Extensive research has been done in recent years to reduce the heavy dependence on chemical fungicides to control postharvest diseases and disorders of horticultural crops. Alternative strategies were based on improved cultural practices, biological control, plant-defense promoters, and physical treatments such as UV illumination, radiofrequency treatment, <span class="hlt">heat</span> therapy, and storage technologies. Among these, postharvest <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatments such as hot water dips, short hot water rinsing and brushing, and hot air conditioning have reduced rot development and enhanced fruit resistance to chilling injury in sensitive cultivars while retaining fruit quality during cold storage and shelf life. Additive or synergistic increases in effectiveness were observed by integrating <span class="hlt">heat</span> therapy with various chemical compounds, thus leading to significant reductions in the application of active ingredients to protect produce from <span class="hlt">decay</span>. This paper highlights the knowledge on this topic with emphasis on <span class="hlt">heat</span> therapy effects and factors affecting the uptake, persistence, and performance of fungicide residues when they are applied in combination with hot water.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7322057','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7322057"><span>Photon activation-15O <span class="hlt">decay</span> studies of tumor blood flow.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ten Haken, R K; Nussbaum, G H; Emami, B; Hughes, W L</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> direct, noninvasive method for measuring absolute values of specific capillary blood flow in living tissue is described. The method is based on the photon activation, in situ, of tissue elements and the measurement of the subsequent <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the positron activity induced, employing coincidence detection of the photon pairs produced in positron annihilation. Analysis of the time-dependent coincidence spectrum reveals the contribution to the total signal from the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 15O, from which the specific capillary blood flow in the imaged, activated volume is ultimately determined. By virtue of its introduction of the radioisotope of interest (15O) directly and uniformly into the tissue volume under investigation, the method described permits both the nonperfused and well perfused fractions of an activated volume to be estimated and hence, the average specific blood flow within imaged tumor volumes to be computed. The model employed to describe and analyze the data is discussed in detail. Results of application of the technique to measurement of specific blood flow in rhabdomyosarcoma tumors grown in WAG/Rij rats are presented and discussed. The method is shown to be reliable and well suited to studies designed to determined the effects of various agents, such as <span class="hlt">heat</span>, radiation and drugs, on tumor blood flow.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24425958','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24425958"><span>Evaluation of <span class="hlt">heat</span> shrinkable films for shelf life, and quality of individually wrapped Royal Delicious apples under ambient conditions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sharma, R R; Pal, R K; Singh, D; Samuel, D V K; Sethi, S; Kumar, A</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>Effect of <span class="hlt">heat</span> shrinkable films on shelf life and quality of apples under ambient conditions was studied. Fully mature Royal Delicious apples (starch index 2.5 on 4.0 point scale) were either shrink-wrapped in 3 <span class="hlt">heat</span> shrinkable films like Cryovac (9 μ), polyolefin (13 μ) and LDPE (25 μ) or were not wrapped at all (control) and then stored at ambient conditions (22-28°C and 52-68% RH). Observations on physiological loss in weight (PLW), <span class="hlt">decay</span> loss, firmness, juice recovery, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, ascorbic acid content and overall sensory quality were recorded immediately before packing, and after packing at weekly intervals. Best results were obtained with Cryovac (9 μ) films, which exhibited least PLW (2.3%) and <span class="hlt">decay</span> loss (2.8%) and higher juice recovery (65.2%) and TSS (16.4%) over other films or control. Apples wrapped in Cryovac films also had higher overall sensory acceptability (8.3 out of 9) over other films or control. These studies indicated that apples could be very well packed in Cryovac <span class="hlt">heat</span> shrinkable films for about 35 days with least PLW or <span class="hlt">decay</span> loss, and without any adverse effect on fruit quality.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25375705','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25375705"><span>First observation of <span class="hlt">a</span> baryonic Bc+ <span class="hlt">decay</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aaij, R; Adeva, B; Adinolfi, M; Affolder, A; Ajaltouni, Z; Akar, S; Albrecht, J; Alessio, F; Alexander, M; Ali, S; Alkhazov, G; Alvarez Cartelle, P; Alves, A A; Amato, S; Amerio, S; Amhis, Y; An, L; Anderlini, L; Anderson, J; Andreassen, R; Andreotti, M; Andrews, J E; Appleby, R B; Aquines Gutierrez, O; Archilli, F; Artamonov, A; Artuso, M; Aslanides, E; Auriemma, G; Baalouch, M; Bachmann, S; Back, J J; Badalov, A; Baldini, W; Barlow, R J; Barschel, C; Barsuk, S; Barter, W; Batozskaya, V; Battista, V; Bay, A; Beaucourt, L; Beddow, J; Bedeschi, F; Bediaga, I; Belogurov, S; Belous, K; Belyaev, I; Ben-Haim, E; Bencivenni, G; Benson, S; Benton, J; Berezhnoy, A; Bernet, R; Bettler, M-O; van Beuzekom, M; Bien, A; Bifani, S; Bird, T; Bizzeti, A; Bjørnstad, P M; Blake, T; Blanc, F; Blouw, J; Blusk, S; Bocci, V; Bondar, A; Bondar, N; Bonivento, W; Borghi, S; Borgia, A; Borsato, M; Bowcock, T J V; Bowen, E; Bozzi, C; Brambach, T; van den Brand, J; Bressieux, J; Brett, D; Britsch, M; Britton, T; Brodzicka, J; Brook, N H; Brown, H; Bursche, A; Busetto, G; Buytaert, J; Cadeddu, S; Calabrese, R; Calvi, M; Calvo Gomez, M; Campana, P; Campora Perez, D; Carbone, A; Carboni, G; Cardinale, R; Cardini, A; Carson, L; Carvalho Akiba, K; Casse, G; Cassina, L; Castillo Garcia, L; Cattaneo, M; Cauet, Ch; Cenci, R; Charles, M; Charpentier, Ph; Chefdeville, M; Chen, S; Cheung, S-F; Chiapolini, N; Chrzaszcz, M; Ciba, K; Cid Vidal, X; Ciezarek, G; Clarke, P E L; Clemencic, M; Cliff, H V; Closier, J; Coco, V; Cogan, J; Cogneras, E; Cojocariu, L; Collins, P; Comerma-Montells, A; Contu, A; Cook, A; Coombes, M; Coquereau, S; Corti, G; Corvo, M; Counts, I; Couturier, B; Cowan, G A; Craik, D C; Cruz Torres, M; Cunliffe, S; Currie, R; D'Ambrosio, C; Dalseno, J; David, P; David, P N Y; Davis, A; De Bruyn, K; De Capua, S; De Cian, M; De Miranda, J M; De Paula, L; De Silva, W; De Simone, P; Decamp, D; Deckenhoff, M; Del Buono, L; Déléage, N; Derkach, D; Deschamps, O; Dettori, F; Di Canto, A; Dijkstra, H; Donleavy, S; Dordei, F; Dorigo, M; Dosil Suárez, A; Dossett, D; Dovbnya, A; Dreimanis, K; Dujany, G; Dupertuis, F; Durante, P; Dzhelyadin, R; Dziurda, A; Dzyuba, A; Easo, S; Egede, U; Egorychev, V; Eidelman, S; Eisenhardt, S; Eitschberger, U; Ekelhof, R; Eklund, L; El Rifai, I; Elsasser, Ch; Ely, S; Esen, S; Evans, H-M; Evans, T; Falabella, A; Färber, C; Farinelli, C; Farley, N; Farry, S; Fay, Rf; Ferguson, D; Fernandez Albor, V; Ferreira Rodrigues, F; Ferro-Luzzi, M; Filippov, S; Fiore, M; Fiorini, M; Firlej, M; Fitzpatrick, C; Fiutowski, T; Fontana, M; Fontanelli, F; Forty, R; Francisco, O; Frank, M; Frei, C; Frosini, M; Fu, J; Furfaro, E; Gallas Torreira, A; Galli, D; Gallorini, S; Gambetta, S; Gandelman, M; Gandini, P; Gao, Y; García Pardiñas, J; Garofoli, J; Garra Tico, J; Garrido, L; Gaspar, C; Gauld, R; Gavardi, L; Gavrilov, G; Geraci, A; Gersabeck, E; Gersabeck, M; Gershon, T; Ghez, Ph; Gianelle, A; Giani', S; Gibson, V; Giubega, L; Gligorov, V V; Göbel, C; Golubkov, D; Golutvin, A; Gomes, A; Gotti, C; Grabalosa Gándara, M; Graciani Diaz, R; Granado Cardoso, L A; Graugés, E; Graziani, G; Grecu, A; Greening, E; Gregson, S; Griffith, P; Grillo, L; Grünberg, O; Gui, B; Gushchin, E; Guz, Yu; Gys, T; Hadjivasiliou, C; Haefeli, G; Haen, C; Haines, S C; Hall, S; Hamilton, B; Hampson, T; Han, X; Hansmann-Menzemer, S; Harnew, N; Harnew, S T; Harrison, J; He, J; Head, T; Heijne, V; Hennessy, K; Henrard, P; Henry, L; Hernando Morata, J A; van Herwijnen, E; Heß, M; Hicheur, A; Hill, D; Hoballah, M; Hombach, C; Hulsbergen, W; Hunt, P; Hussain, N; Hutchcroft, D; Hynds, D; Idzik, M; Ilten, P; Jacobsson, R; Jaeger, A; Jalocha, J; Jans, E; Jaton, P; Jawahery, A; Jing, F; John, M; Johnson, D; Jones, C R; Joram, C; Jost, B; Jurik, N; Kaballo, M; Kandybei, S; Kanso, W; Karacson, M; Karbach, T M; Karodia, S; Kelsey, M; Kenyon, I R; Ketel, T; Khanji, B; Khurewathanakul, C; Klaver, S; Klimaszewski, K; Kochebina, O; Kolpin, M; Komarov, I; Koopman, R F; Koppenburg, P; Korolev, M; Kozlinskiy, A; Kravchuk, L; Kreplin, K; Kreps, M; Krocker, G; Krokovny, P; Kruse, F; Kucewicz, W; Kucharczyk, M; Kudryavtsev, V; Kurek, K; Kvaratskheliya, T; La Thi, V N; Lacarrere, D; Lafferty, G; Lai, A; Lambert, D; Lambert, R W; Lanfranchi, G; Langenbruch, C; Langhans, B; Latham, T; Lazzeroni, C; Le Gac, R; van Leerdam, J; Lees, J-P; Lefèvre, R; Leflat, A; Lefrançois, J; Leo, S; Leroy, O; Lesiak, T; Leverington, B; Li, Y; Likhomanenko, T; Liles, M; Lindner, R; Linn, C; Lionetto, F; Liu, B; Lohn, S; Longstaff, I; Lopes, J H; Lopez-March, N; Lowdon, P; Lu, H; Lucchesi, D; Luo, H; Lupato, A; Luppi, E; Lupton, O; Machefert, F; Machikhiliyan, I V; Maciuc, F; Maev, O; Malde, S; Malinin, A; Manca, G; Mancinelli, G; Maratas, J; Marchand, J F; Marconi, U; Marin Benito, C; Marino, P; Märki, R; Marks, J; Martellotti, G; Martens, A; Martín Sánchez, A; Martinelli, M; Martinez Santos, D; Martinez Vidal, F; Martins Tostes, D; Massafferri, A; Matev, R; Mathe, Z; Matteuzzi, C; Mazurov, A; McCann, M; McCarthy, J; McNab, A; McNulty, R; McSkelly, B; Meadows, B; Meier, F; Meissner, M; Merk, M; Milanes, D A; Minard, M-N; Moggi, N; Molina Rodriguez, J; Monteil, S; Morandin, M; Morawski, P; Mordà, A; Morello, M J; Moron, J; Morris, A-B; Mountain, R; Muheim, F; Müller, K; Mussini, M; Muster, B; Naik, P; Nakada, T; Nandakumar, R; Nasteva, I; Needham, M; Neri, N; Neubert, S; Neufeld, N; Neuner, M; Nguyen, A D; Nguyen, T D; Nguyen-Mau, C; Nicol, M; Niess, V; Niet, R; Nikitin, N; Nikodem, T; Novoselov, A; O'Hanlon, D P; Oblakowska-Mucha, A; Obraztsov, V; Oggero, S; Ogilvy, S; Okhrimenko, O; Oldeman, R; Onderwater, G; Orlandea, M; Otalora Goicochea, J M; Owen, P; Oyanguren, A; Pal, B K; Palano, A; Palombo, F; Palutan, M; Panman, J; Papanestis, A; Pappagallo, M; Pappalardo, L L; Parkes, C; Parkinson, C J; Passaleva, G; Patel, G D; Patel, M; Patrignani, C; Pazos Alvarez, A; Pearce, A; Pellegrino, A; Pepe Altarelli, M; Perazzini, S; Perez Trigo, E; Perret, P; Perrin-Terrin, M; Pescatore, L; Pesen, E; Petridis, K; Petrolini, A; Picatoste Olloqui, E; Pietrzyk, B; Pilař, T; Pinci, D; Pistone, A; Playfer, S; Plo Casasus, M; Polci, F; Poluektov, A; Polycarpo, E; Popov, A; Popov, D; Popovici, B; Potterat, C; Price, E; Prisciandaro, J; Pritchard, A; Prouve, C; Pugatch, V; Puig Navarro, A; Punzi, G; Qian, W; Rachwal, B; Rademacker, J H; Rakotomiaramanana, B; Rama, M; Rangel, M S; Raniuk, I; Rauschmayr, N; Raven, G; Reichert, S; Reid, M M; Dos Reis, A C; Ricciardi, S; Richards, S; Rihl, M; Rinnert, K; Rives Molina, V; Roa Romero, D A; Robbe, P; Rodrigues, A B; Rodrigues, E; Rodriguez Perez, P; Roiser, S; Romanovsky, V; Romero Vidal, A; Rotondo, M; Rouvinet, J; Ruf, T; Ruiz, H; Ruiz Valls, P; Saborido Silva, J J; Sagidova, N; Sail, P; Saitta, B; Salustino Guimaraes, V; Sanchez Mayordomo, C; Sanmartin Sedes, B; Santacesaria, R; Santamarina Rios, C; Santovetti, E; Sarti, A; Satriano, C; Satta, A; Saunders, D M; Savrie, M; Savrina, D; Schiller, M; Schindler, H; Schlupp, M; Schmelling, M; Schmidt, B; Schneider, O; Schopper, A; Schune, M-H; Schwemmer, R; Sciascia, B; Sciubba, A; Seco, M; Semennikov, A; Sepp, I; Serra, N; Serrano, J; Sestini, L; Seyfert, P; Shapkin, M; Shapoval, I; Shcheglov, Y; Shears, T; Shekhtman, L; Shevchenko, V; Shires, A; Silva Coutinho, R; Simi, G; Sirendi, M; Skidmore, N; Skwarnicki, T; Smith, N A; Smith, E; Smith, E; Smith, J; Smith, M; Snoek, H; Sokoloff, M D; Soler, F J P; Soomro, F; Souza, D; Souza De Paula, B; Spaan, B; Sparkes, A; Spradlin, P; Sridharan, S; Stagni, F; Stahl, M; Stahl, S; Steinkamp, O; Stenyakin, O; Stevenson, S; Stoica, S; Stone, S; Storaci, B; Stracka, S; Straticiuc, M; Straumann, U; Stroili, R; Subbiah, V K; Sun, L; Sutcliffe, W; Swientek, K; Swientek, S; Syropoulos, V; Szczekowski, M; Szczypka, P; Szilard, D; Szumlak, T; T'Jampens, S; Teklishyn, M; Tellarini, G; Teubert, F; Thomas, C; Thomas, E; van Tilburg, J; Tisserand, V; Tobin, M; Tolk, S; Tomassetti, L; Tonelli, D; Topp-Joergensen, S; Torr, N; Tournefier, E; Tourneur, S; Tran, M T; Tresch, M; Tsaregorodtsev, A; Tsopelas, P; Tuning, N; Ubeda Garcia, M; Ukleja, A; Ustyuzhanin, A; Uwer, U; Vagnoni, V; Valenti, G; Vallier, A; Vazquez Gomez, R; Vazquez Regueiro, P; Vázquez Sierra, C; Vecchi, S; Velthuis, J J; Veltri, M; Veneziano, G; Vesterinen, M; Viaud, B; Vieira, D; Vieites Diaz, M; Vilasis-Cardona, X; Vollhardt, A; Volyanskyy, D; Voong, D; Vorobyev, A; Vorobyev, V; Voß, C; Voss, H; de Vries, J A; Waldi, R; Wallace, C; Wallace, R; Walsh, J; Wandernoth, S; Wang, J; Ward, D R; Watson, N K; Websdale, D; Whitehead, M; Wicht, J; Wiedner, D; Wilkinson, G; Williams, M P; Williams, M; Wilson, F F; Wimberley, J; Wishahi, J; Wislicki, W; Witek, M; Wormser, G; Wotton, S A; Wright, S; Wu, S; Wyllie, K; Xie, Y; Xing, Z; Xu, Z; Yang, Z; Yuan, X; Yushchenko, O; Zangoli, M; Zavertyaev, M; Zhang, L; Zhang, W C; Zhang, Y; Zhelezov, A; Zhokhov, A; Zhong, L; Zvyagin, A</p> <p>2014-10-10</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> baryonic <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the B(c)(+) meson, B(c)(+) → J/ψppπ(+), is observed for the first time, with <span class="hlt">a</span> significance of 7.3 standard deviations, in pp collision data collected with the LHCb detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb(-1) taken at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. With the B(c)(+) → J/ψπ(+) <span class="hlt">decay</span> as the normalization channel, the ratio of branching fractions is measured to be B(B(c)(+) → J/ψppπ(+))/B(B(c)(+) → J/ψπ(+)) = 0.143(-0.034)(+0.039)(stat) ± 0.013(syst). The mass of the B(c)(+) meson is determined as M(B(c)(+) = 6274.0 ± 1.8(stat) ± 0.4(syst) MeV/c(2), using the B(c)(+) → J/ψppπ(+) channel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983PhRvC..28.2122S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983PhRvC..28.2122S"><span>Double β-<span class="hlt">decay</span> nuclear matrix elements for the <span class="hlt">A</span>=48 and <span class="hlt">A</span>=58 systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Skouras, L. D.; Vergados, J. D.</p> <p>1983-11-01</p> <p>The nuclear matrix elements entering the double β <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the 48Ca-48Ti and 58Ni-58Fe systems have been calculated using <span class="hlt">a</span> realistic two nucleon interaction and realistic shell model spaces. Effective transition operators corresponding to <span class="hlt">a</span> variety of gauge theory models have been considered. The stability of such matrix elements against variations of the nuclear parameters is examined. Appropriate lepton violating parameters are extracted from the <span class="hlt">A</span>=48 data and predictions are made for the lifetimes of the positron <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the <span class="hlt">A</span>=58 system. RADIOACTIVITY Double β <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Gauge theories. Lepton nonconservation. Neutrino mass. Shell model calculations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11580690','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11580690"><span>Measurement of the <span class="hlt">decays</span> B--> phiK and B--> phiK*.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aubert, B; Boutigny, D; Gaillard, J M; Hicheur, A; Karyotakis, Y; Lees, J P; Robbe, P; Tisserand, V; Palano, A; Chen, G P; Chen, J C; Qi, N D; Rong, G; Wang, P; Zhu, Y S; Eigen, G; Reinertsen, P L; Stugu, B; Abbott, B; Abrams, G S; Borgland, A W; Breon, A B; Brown, D N; Button-Shafer, J; Cahn, R N; Clark, A R; Fan, Q; Gill, M S; Gowdy, S J; Gritsan, A; Groysman, Y; Jacobsen, R G; Kadel, R W; Kadyk, J; Kerth, L T; Kluth, S; Kolomensky, Y G; Kral, J F; LeClerc, C; Levi, M E; Liu, T; Lynch, G; Meyer, A B; Momayezi, M; Oddone, P J; Perazzo, A; Pripstein, M; Roe, N A; Romosan, A; Ronan, M T; Shelkov, V G; Telnov, A V; Wenzel, W A; Bright-Thomas, P G; Harrison, T J; Hawkes, C M; Kirk, A; Knowles, D J; O'Neale, S W; Penny, R C; Watson, A T; Watson, N K; Deppermann, T; Koch, H; Krug, J; Kunze, M; Lewandowski, B; Peters, K; Schmuecker, H; Steinke, M; Andress, J C; Barlow, N R; Bhimji, W; Chevalier, N; Clark, P J; Cottingham, W N; De Groot, N; Dyce, N; Foster, B; Mass, A; McFall, J D; Wallom, D; Wilson, F F; Abe, K; Hearty, C; Mattison, T S; McKenna, J A; Thiessen, D; Camanzi, B; Jolly, S; McKemey, A K; Tinslay, J; Blinov, V E; Bukin, A D; Bukin, D A; Buzykaev, A R; Dubrovin, M S; Golubev, V B; Ivanchenko, V N; Korol, A A; Kravchenko, E A; Onuchin, A P; Salnikov, A A; Serednyakov, S I; Skovpen, Y I; Telnov, V I; Yushkov, A N; Lankford, A J; Mandelkern, M; McMahon, S; Stoker, D P; Ahsan, A; Arisaka, K; Buchanan, C; Chun, S; Branson, J G; MacFarlane, D B; Prell, S; Rahatlou, S; Raven, G; Sharma, V; Campagnari, C; Dahmes, B; Hart, P A; Kuznetsova, N; Levy, S L; Long, O; Lu, A; Richman, J D; Verkerke, W; Witherell, M; Yellin, S; Beringer, J; Dorfan, D E; Eisner, A M; Frey, A; Grillo, A A; Grothe, M; Heusch, C A; Johnson, R P; Kroeger, W; Lockman, W S; Pulliam, T; Sadrozinski, H; Schalk, T; Schmitz, R E; Schumm, B A; Seiden, A; Turri, M; Walkowiak, W; Williams, D C; Wilson, M G; Chen, E; Dubois-Felsmann, G P; Dvoretskii, A; Hitlin, D G; Metzler, S; Oyang, J; Porter, F C; Ryd, A; Samuel, A; Weaver, M; Yang, S; Zhu, R Y; Devmal, S; Geld, T L; Jayatilleke, S; Mancinelli, G; Meadows, B T; Sokoloff, M D; Bloom, P; Fahey, S; Ford, W T; Gaede, F; Johnson, D R; Michael, A K; Nauenberg, U; Olivas, A; Park, H; Rankin, P; Roy, J; Sen, S; Smith, J G; van Hoek, W C; Wagner, D L; Blouw, J; Harton, J L; Krishnamurthy, M; Soffer, A; Toki, W H; Wilson, R J; Zhang, J; Brandt, T; Brose, J; Colberg, T; Dahlinger, G; Dickopp, M; Dubitzky, R S; Maly, E; Müller-Pfefferkorn, R; Otto, S; Schubert, K R; Schwierz, R; Spaan, B; Wilden, L; Behr, L; Bernard, D; Bonneaud, G R; Brochard, F; Cohen-Tanugi, J; Ferrag, S; Roussot, E; T'Jampens, S; Thiebaux, C; Vasileiadis, G; Verderi, M; Anjomshoaa, A; Bernet, R; Di Lodovico, F; Khan, A; Muheim, F; Playfer, S; Swain, J E; Falbo, M; Bozzi, C; Dittongo, S; Folegani, M; Piemontese, L; Treadwell, E; Anulli, F; Baldini-Ferroli, R; Calcaterra, A; de Sangro, R; Falciai, D; Finocchiaro, G; Patteri, P; Peruzzi, I M; Piccolo, M; Xie, Y; Zallo, A; Bagnasco, S; Buzzo, A; Contri, R; Crosetti, G; Fabbricatore, P; Farinon, S; Lo Vetere, M; Macri, M; Monge, M R; Musenich, R; Pallavicini, M; Parodi, R; Passaggio, S; Pastore, F C; Patrignani, C; Pia, M G; Priano, C; Robutti, E; Santroni, A; Morii, M; Bartoldus, R; Dignan, T; Hamilton, R; Mallik, U; Cochran, J; Crawley, H B; Fischer, P A; Lamsa, J; Meyer, W T; Rosenberg, E I; Benkebil, M; Grosdidier, G; Hast, C; Höcker, A; Lacker, H M; LePeltier, V; Lutz, A M; Plaszczynski, S; Schune, M H; Trincaz-Duvoid, S; Valassi, A; Wormser, G; Bionta, R M; Brigljevic, V; Fackler, O; Fujino, D; Lange, D J; Mugge, M; Shi, X; van Bibber, K; Wenaus, T J; Wright, D M; Wuest, C R; Carroll, M; Fry, J R; Gabathuler, E; Gamet, R; George, M; Kay, M; Payne, D J; Sloane, R J; Touramanis, C; Aspinwall, M L; Bowerman, D A; Dauncey, P D; Egede, U; Eschrich, I; Gunawardane, N J; Martin, R; Nash, J A; Sanders, P; Smith, D; Azzopardi, D E; Back, J J; Dixon, P; Harrison, P F; Potter, R J; Shorthouse, H W; Strother, P; Vidal, P B; Williams, M I; Cowan, G; George, S; Green, M G; Kurup, A; Marker, C E; McGrath, P; McMahon, T R; Ricciardi, S; Salvatore, F; Scott, I; Vaitsas, G; Brown, D; Davis, C L; Allison, J; Barlow, R J; Boyd, J T; Forti, A; Fullwood, J; Jackson, F; Lafferty, G D; Savvas, N; Simopoulos, E T; Weatherall, J H; Farbin, A; Jawahery, A; Lillard, V; Olsen, J; Roberts, D A; Schieck, J R; Blaylock, G; Dallapiccola, C; Flood, K T; Hertzbach, S S; Kofler, R; Lin, C S; Moore, T B; Staengle, H; Willocq, S; Wittlin, J; Brau, B; Cowan, R; Sciolla, G; Taylor, F; Yamamoto, R K; Britton, D I; Milek, M; Patel, P M; Trischuk, J; Lanni, F; Palombo, F; Bauer, J M; Booke, M; Cremaldi, L; Eschenburg, V; Kroeger, R; Reidy, J; Sanders, D A; Summers, D J; Martin, J P; Nief, J Y; Seitz, R; Taras, P; Zacek, V; Nicholson, H; Sutton, C S; Cartaro, C; Cavallo, N; De Nardo, G; Fabozzi, F; Gatto, C; Lista, L; Paolucci, P; Piccolo, D; Sciacca, C; LoSecco, J M; Alsmiller, J R; Gabriel, T A; Handler, T; Brau, J; Frey, R; Iwasaki, M; Sinev, N B; Strom, D; Colecchia, F; Dal Corso, F; Dorigo, A; Galeazzi, F; Margoni, M; Michelon, G; Morandin, M; Posocco, M; Rotondo, M; Simonetto, F; Stroili, R; Torassa, E; Voci, C; Benayoun, M; Briand, H; Chauveau, J; David, P; De La Vaissière, C; Del Buono, L; Hamon, O; Le Diberder, F; Leruste, P; Lory, J; Roos, L; Stark, J; Versillé, S; Manfredi, P F; Re, V; Speziali, V; Frank, E D; Gladney, L; Guo, Q H; Panetta, J H; Angelini, C; Batignani, G; Bettarini, S; Bondioli, M; Carpinelli, M; Forti, F; Giorgi, M A; Lusiani, A; Martinez-Vidal, F; Morganti, M; Neri, N; Paoloni, E; Rama, M; Rizzo, G; Sandrelli, F; Simi, G; Triggiani, G; Walsh, J; Haire, M; Judd, D; Paick, K; Turnbull, L; Wagoner, D E; Albert, J; Bula, C; Lu, C; McDonald, K T; Miftakov, V; Schaffner, S F; Smith, A J; Tumanov, A; Varnes, E W; Cavoto, G; del Re, D; Faccini, R; Ferrarotto, F; Ferroni, F; Fratini, K; Lamanna, E; Leonardi, E; Mazzoni, M A; Morganti, S; Piredda, G; Safai Tehrani, F; Serra, M; Voena, C; Christ, S; Waldi, R; Adye, T; Franek, B; Geddes, N I; Gopal, G P; Xella, S M; Aleksan, R; De Domenico, G; Emery, S; Gaidot, A; Ganzhur, S F; Giraud, P F; Hamel De Monchenault, G; Kozanecki, W; Langer, M; London, G W; Mayer, B; Serfass, B; Vasseur, G; Yeche, C; Zito, M; Copty, N; Purohit, M V; Singh, H; Yumiceva, F X; Adam, I; Anthony, P L; Aston, D; Baird, K; Bartelt, J; Bloom, E; Boyarski, A M; Bulos, F; Calderini, G; Claus, R; Convery, M R; Coupal, D P; Coward, D H; Dorfan, J; Doser, M; Dunwoodie, W; Field, R C; Glanzman, T; Godfrey, G L; Grosso, P; Himel, T; Huffer, M E; Innes, W R; Jessop, C P; Kelsey, M H; Kim, P; Kocian, M L; Langenegger, U; Leith, D W; Luitz, S; Luth, V; Lynch, H L; Manzin, G; Marsiske, H; Menke, S; Messner, R; Moffeit, K C; Mount, R; Muller, D R; O'Grady, C P; Petrak, S; Quinn, H; Ratcliff, B N; Robertson, S H; Rochester, L S; Roodman, A; Schietinger, T; Schindler, R H; Schwiening, J; Serbo, V V; Snyder, A; Soha, A; Spanier, S M; Stahl, A; Stelzer, J; Su, D; Sullivan, M K; Talby, M; Tanaka, H A; Trunov, A; Va'vra, J; Wagner, S R; Weinstein, A J; Wisniewski, W J; Young, C C; Burchat, P R; Cheng, C H; Kirkby, D; Meyer, T I; Roat, C; De Silva, A; Henderson, R; Bugg, W; Cohn, H; Hart, E; Weidemann, A W; Benninger, T; Izen, J M; Kitayama, I; Lou, X C; Turcotte, M; Bianchi, F; Bona, M; Di Girolamo, B; Gamba, D; Smol, A; Zanin, D; Bosisio, L; Della Ricca, G; Lanceri, L; Pompili, A; Poropat, P; Prest, M; Vallazza, E; Vuagnin, G; Panvini, R S; Brown, C M; Kowalewski, R; Roney, J M; Band, H R; Charles, E; Dasu, S; Elmer, P; Hu, H; Johnson, J R; Liu, R; Nielsen, J; Orejudos, W; Pan, Y; Prepost, R; Scott, I J; Sekula, S J; von Wimmersperg-Toeller, J H; Wu, S L; Yu, Z; Zobering, H; Kordich, T M; Neal, H</p> <p>2001-10-08</p> <p>We have observed the <span class="hlt">decays</span> B--> phiK and phiK(*) in <span class="hlt">a</span> sample of over <span class="hlt">45</span> million B mesons collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider. The measured branching fractions are B(B+--> phiK+) = (7.7(+1.6)(-1.4)+/-0.8)x10(-6), B(B0--> phiK0) = (8.1(+3.1)(-2.5)+/-0.8)x10(-6), B(B+--> phiK(*+)) = (9.7(+4.2)(-3.4)+/-1.7)x10(-6), and B(B0--> phiK(*0)) = (8.7(+2.5)(-2.1)+/-1.1)x10(-6). We also report the upper limit B(B+--> phipi(+))<1.4x10(-6) ( 90% C.L.).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhDT........46Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhDT........46Y"><span>D meson hadronic <span class="hlt">decays</span> at CLEO-c</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Fan</p> <p></p> <p>The CLEO-c experiment is the best arena in which to study most D meson <span class="hlt">decay</span> phenomena. Precise measurements of hadronic deecays of D mesons allow us to better constrain parameters of the Standard Model. We study the inclusive <span class="hlt">decays</span> of D+s mesons, using data collected near the D*+sD-s peak production energy Ecm = 4170 MeV by the CLEO-c detector. We report the inclusive yields of D+s <span class="hlt">decays</span> to K+X, K-X, K0SX , pi+X, pi-X, pi 0X, etaX, eta'X , φX, oX and f0(980)X, and also <span class="hlt">decays</span> into pairs of kaons, D+s → KK¯X. Using these measurements, we obtain an overview of D+s <span class="hlt">decays</span>. The measurements of inclusive <span class="hlt">decays</span> of D+s mesons indicate that the inclusive o yield, Ds → oX, is substantial. Using the same D*+sD-s data sample, we search for D+s exclusive hadronic <span class="hlt">decays</span> involving o. We report the first observation of D+s → pi+pi0o <span class="hlt">decay</span> and first upper limits on D+s → pi+etao, D+s → K+pi0o, D+s → K+o, and D+s → K+etao <span class="hlt">decays</span>. Our measurement of D+s → pi+o <span class="hlt">decay</span> is consistent with other experiments. Using the data collected on psi(3770) resonance and near the D*+sD-s peak production energy by the CLEO-c detector, we study the <span class="hlt">decays</span> of charmed mesons D0, D +, and Ds to pairs of light pseudoscalar mesons P. We report branching fractions of Cabibbo-favored, singly-Cabibbo-suppressed, and doubly-Cabibbo-suppressed <span class="hlt">decays</span>. We normalize against the Cabibbo-favored D modes, D 0 → K-pi+, D+ → K-pi +pi+, and D+s → K+ K0S. These measurements of D → PP <span class="hlt">decays</span> allow the testing of flavor symmetry and the extraction of key amplitudes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1327090-implementing-evaluating-variable-soil-thickness-community-land-model-version-clm4','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1327090-implementing-evaluating-variable-soil-thickness-community-land-model-version-clm4"><span>Implementing and Evaluating Variable Soil Thickness in the Community Land Model, Version <span class="hlt">4.5</span> (CLM<span class="hlt">4.5</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Brunke, Michael A.; Broxton, Patrick; Pelletier, Jon</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>One of the recognized weaknesses of land surface models as used in weather and climate models is the assumption of constant soil thickness due to the lack of global estimates of bedrock depth. Using <span class="hlt">a</span> 30 arcsecond global dataset for the thickness of relatively porous, unconsolidated sediments over bedrock, spatial variation in soil thickness is included here in version <span class="hlt">4.5</span> of the Community Land Model (CLM<span class="hlt">4.5</span>). The number of soil layers for each grid cell is determined from the average soil depth for each 0.9° latitude x 1.25° longitude grid cell. Including variable soil thickness affects the simulations most inmore » regions with shallow bedrock corresponding predominantly to areas of mountainous terrain. The greatest changes are to baseflow, with the annual minimum generally occurring earlier, while smaller changes are seen in surface fluxes like latent <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux and surface runoff in which only the annual cycle amplitude is increased. These changes are tied to soil moisture changes which are most substantial in locations with shallow bedrock. Total water storage (TWS) anomalies do not change much over most river basins around the globe, since most basins contain mostly deep soils. However, it was found that TWS anomalies substantially differ for <span class="hlt">a</span> river basin with more mountainous terrain. Additionally, the annual cycle in soil temperature are affected by including realistic soil thicknesses due to changes to <span class="hlt">heat</span> capacity and thermal conductivity.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JPS...247..618B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JPS...247..618B"><span>Temperature-dependent electrochemical <span class="hlt">heat</span> generation in <span class="hlt">a</span> commercial lithium-ion battery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bandhauer, Todd M.; Garimella, Srinivas; Fuller, Thomas F.</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>Lithium-ion batteries suffer from inherent thermal limitations (i.e., capacity fade and thermal runaway); thus, it is critical to understand <span class="hlt">heat</span> generation experienced in the batteries under normal operation. In the current study, reversible and irreversible electrochemical <span class="hlt">heat</span> generation rates were measured experimentally on <span class="hlt">a</span> small commercially available C/LiFePO4 lithium-ion battery designed for high-rate applications. The battery was tested over <span class="hlt">a</span> wide range of temperatures (10-60 °C) and discharge and charge rates (∼C/<span class="hlt">4-5</span>C) to elucidate their effects. Two samples were tested in <span class="hlt">a</span> specially designed wind tunnel to maintain constant battery surface temperature within <span class="hlt">a</span> maximum variation of ±0.88 °C. <span class="hlt">A</span> data normalization technique was employed to account for the observed capacity fade, which was largest at the highest rates. The <span class="hlt">heat</span> rate was shown to increase with both increasing rate and decreasing temperature, and the reversible <span class="hlt">heat</span> rate was shown to be significant even at the highest rate and temperature (7.4% at 5C and 55 °C). Results from cycling the battery using <span class="hlt">a</span> dynamic power profile also showed that constant-current data predict the dynamic performance data well. In addition, the reversible <span class="hlt">heat</span> rate in the dynamic simulation was shown to be significant, especially for charge-depleting HEV applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.B31B0410M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFM.B31B0410M"><span>Temperature sensitivity of organic substrate <span class="hlt">decay</span> varies with pH</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Min, K.; Lehmeier, C.; Ballantyne, F.; Billings, S. A.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in soils and globally ubiquitous. It serves as <span class="hlt">a</span> primary carbon source for myriad microbes able to release cellulases which cleave the cellulose into smaller molecules. For example, β-glucosidase, one type of cellulase, breaks down <span class="hlt">a</span> terminal β-glycosidic bond of cellulose. The carbon of the liberated glucose becomes available for microbial uptake, after which it can then be mineralized and returned to the atmosphere via heterotrophic respiration. Thus, exoenzymes play an important role in the global cycling of carbon. Numerous studies suggest that global warming potentially increases the rate at which β-glucosidase breaks down cellulose, but it is not known how pH of the soil solution influences the effect of temperature on cellulose decomposition rates; this is important given the globally wide range of soil pH. Using fluorescence enzyme assay techniques, we studied the effect of temperature and pH on the reaction rate at which purified β-Glucosidase <span class="hlt">decays</span> β-D-cellobioside (<span class="hlt">a</span> compound often employed to simulate cellulose). We evaluated the temperature sensitivity of this reaction at five temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C) and six pH values (3.5, <span class="hlt">4.5</span>, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5)encompassing the naturally occurring range in soils, in <span class="hlt">a</span> full-factorial design. First, we determined Vmax at 25°C and pH 6.5, standard conditions for measuring enzyme activities in many studies. The Vmax was 858.65 μmol h-1mg-1and was achieved at substrate concentration of 270 μM. At all pH values, the reaction rate slowed down at lower temperatures; at <span class="hlt">a</span> pH of 3.5, no enzymatic activity was detected. The enzyme activity was significantly different between pH <span class="hlt">4.5</span> and higher pHs. For example, enzyme reactivity at pH <span class="hlt">4.5</span> was significantly lower than that at 7.5 at 20 and 25°C (Bonferroni-corrected P =0.0006, 0.0004, respectively), but not at lower temperatures. Similarly, enzyme reactivity at pH <span class="hlt">4.5</span> was lower than that at pH 8.5 at 10, 15</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1375733','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1375733"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> Search for new particles <span class="hlt">decaying</span> into top quark anti-top quark pairs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Cassada, Josh Aaron</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>We use 106 pb -1 of data collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab to search for narrow-width particles <span class="hlt">decaying</span> to <span class="hlt">a</span> top and an anti-top quark. We measure the tmore » $$\\bar{t}$$ invariant mass distribution by requiring that either t or $$\\bar{t}$$ <span class="hlt">decays</span> semileptonically to an electron or muon and the other <span class="hlt">decays</span> hadronically.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006SuScT..19..323B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006SuScT..19..323B"><span>Relationship between architecture, filament breakage and critical current <span class="hlt">decay</span> in Nb3Sn composite wires repeatedly in-plane bent at room temperature</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Badica, P.; Awaji, S.; Oguro, H.; Nishijima, G.; Watanabe, K.</p> <p>2006-04-01</p> <p>Six Nb3Sn composite wires with different architectures ('central and near-the-edge reinforcement') were repeatedly in-plane bent at room temperature (in-plane 'pre-bending'). Breakage behaviour was revealed from scanning electron microscopy observations by semi-quantitative analysis of the filament crack formation and evolution. Cracks are formed in the transversal and longitudinal directions. Transversal cracks show some tolerance to the applied bending strain due to the fact that filaments are composite materials; residual Nb core can arrest development of <span class="hlt">a</span> partial transversal crack initiated in the Nb3Sn outer part of the filament. Together with the density of cracks C and the evolution of this parameter with pre-bending strain, ɛpb, in different regions of the wire, R-ɛpb curves are important to understand breakage behaviour of the wires. R is the ratio (number of full transversal cracks)/(number of full transversal cracks + number of partial transversal cracks). Parameters C and R allow us to reveal and satisfactorily understand the wire architecture—breakage—critical current <span class="hlt">decay</span> relationship when pre-bending treatment is applied. As <span class="hlt">a</span> consequence, breakage criteria necessary to minimize Ic <span class="hlt">decay</span> were defined and the positive influence of the reinforcement in preventing breakage was observed. It was also found that, in this regard, more Nb in the CuNb reinforcement, for the investigated wires, is better, if the <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatment for the wire synthesis is performed at 670 °C for 96 h. <span class="hlt">A</span> different <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatment, 650 °C for 240 h, is less efficient in preventing filament breakage. Our results suggest the possibility of control and improvement of the breakage susceptibility of the filaments in the wires and, hence, of the bending Ic <span class="hlt">decay</span>, through the wise design of the wire architecture (i.e. by correlating design with the choice of composing materials and <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatments).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25165913','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25165913"><span>Measurement of direct CP violation parameters in B± → J/ψK± and B± → J/ψπ± <span class="hlt">decays</span> with 10.4 fb-1 of Tevatron data.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Abazov, V M; Abbott, B; Acharya, B S; Adams, M; Adams, T; Agnew, J P; Alexeev, G D; Alkhazov, G; Alton, A; Askew, A; Atkins, S; Augsten, K; Avila, C; Badaud, F; Bagby, L; Baldin, B; Bandurin, D V; Banerjee, S; Barberis, E; Baringer, P; Bartlett, J F; Bassler, U; Bazterra, V; Bean, A; Beattie, M; Begalli, M; Bellantoni, L; Beri, S B; Bernardi, G; Bernhard, R; Bertram, I; Besançon, M; Beuselinck, R; Bhat, P C; Bhatia, S; Bhatnagar, V; Blazey, G; Blessing, S; Bloom, K; Boehnlein, A; Boline, D; Boos, E E; Borissov, G; Brandt, A; Brandt, O; Brock, R; Bross, A; Brown, D; Bu, X B; Buehler, M; Buescher, V; Bunichev, V; Burdin, S; Buszello, C P; Camacho-Pérez, E; Casey, B C K; Castilla-Valdez, H; Caughron, S; Chakrabarti, S; Chan, K M; Chandra, A; Chapon, E; Chen, G; Cho, S W; Choi, S; Choudhary, B; Cihangir, S; Claes, D; Clutter, J; Cooke, M; Cooper, W E; Corcoran, M; Couderc, F; Cousinou, M-C; Cutts, D; Das, A; Davies, G; de Jong, S J; De La Cruz-Burelo, E; Déliot, F; Demina, R; Denisov, D; Denisov, S P; Desai, S; Deterre, C; DeVaughan, K; Diehl, H T; Diesburg, M; Ding, P F; Dominguez, A; Dubey, A; Dudko, L V; Duperrin, A; Dutt, S; Eads, M; Edmunds, D; Ellison, J; Elvira, V D; Enari, Y; Evans, H; Evdokimov, V N; Feng, L; Ferbel, T; Fiedler, F; Filthaut, F; Fisher, W; Fisk, H E; Fortner, M; Fox, H; Fuess, S; Garbincius, P H; Garcia-Bellido, A; García-González, J A; Gavrilov, V; Geng, W; Gerber, C E; Gershtein, Y; Ginther, G; Golovanov, G; Grannis, P D; Greder, S; Greenlee, H; Grenier, G; Gris, Ph; Grivaz, J-F; Grohsjean, A; Grünendahl, S; Grünewald, M W; Guillemin, T; Gutierrez, G; Gutierrez, P; Haley, J; Han, L; Harder, K; Harel, A; Hart, B; Hauptman, J M; Hays, J; Head, T; Hebbeker, T; Hedin, D; Hegab, H; Heinson, A P; Heintz, U; Hensel, C; Heredia-De La Cruz, I; Herner, K; Hesketh, G; Hildreth, M D; Hirosky, R; Hoang, T; Hobbs, J D; Hoeneisen, B; Hogan, J; Hohlfeld, M; Howley, I; Hubacek, Z; Hynek, V; Iashvili, I; Ilchenko, Y; Illingworth, R; Ito, A S; Jabeen, S; Jaffré, M; Jayasinghe, A; Holzbauer, J; Jeong, M S; Jesik, R; Jiang, P; Johns, K; Johnson, E; Johnson, M; Jonckheere, A; Jonsson, P; Joshi, J; Jung, A W; Juste, A; Kajfasz, E; Karmanov, D; Katsanos, I; Kehoe, R; Kermiche, S; Khalatyan, N; Khanov, A; Kharchilava, A; Kharzheev, Y N; Kiselevich, I; Kohli, J M; Kozelov, A V; Kraus, J; Kumar, A; Kupco, A; Kurča, T; Kuzmin, V A; Lammers, S; Lamont, I; Lebrun, P; Lee, H S; Lee, S W; Lee, W M; Lei, X; Lellouch, J; Li, D; Li, H; Li, L; Li, Q Z; Lim, J K; Lincoln, D; Linnemann, J; Lipaev, V V; Lipton, R; Liu, H; Liu, Y; Lobodenko, A; Lokajicek, M; Lopes de Sa, R; Luna-Garcia, R; Lyon, A L; Maciel, A K A; Madar, R; Magaña-Villalba, R; Malik, S; Malyshev, V L; Mansour, J; Martínez-Ortega, J; Mason, N; McCarthy, R; McGivern, C L; Meijer, M M; Melnitchouk, A; Menezes, D; Mercadante, P G; Merkin, M; Meyer, A; Meyer, J; Miconi, F; Mondal, N K; Mulhearn, M; Nagy, E; Narain, M; Nayyar, R; Neal, H A; Negret, J P; Neustroev, P; Nguyen, H T; Nunnemann, T; Orduna, J; Osman, N; Osta, J; Pal, A; Parashar, N; Parihar, V; Park, S K; Partridge, R; Parua, N; Patwa, A; Penning, B; Perfilov, M; Peters, Y; Petridis, K; Petrillo, G; Pétroff, P; Pleier, M-A; Podstavkov, V M; Popov, A V; Prewitt, M; Price, D; Prokopenko, N; Qian, J; Quadt, A; Quinn, B; Ratoff, P N; Razumov, I; Ripp-Baudot, I; Rizatdinova, F; Rominsky, M; Ross, A; Royon, C; Rubinov, P; Ruchti, R; Sajot, G; Sánchez-Hernández, A; Sanders, M P; Santos, A S; Savage, G; Sawyer, L; Scanlon, T; Schamberger, R D; Scheglov, Y; Schellman, H; Schwanenberger, C; Schwienhorst, R; Sekaric, J; Severini, H; Shabalina, E; Shary, V; Shaw, S; Shchukin, A A; Simak, V; Skubic, P; Slattery, P; Smirnov, D; Snow, G R; Snow, J; Snyder, S; Söldner-Rembold, S; Sonnenschein, L; Soustruznik, K; Stark, J; Stoyanova, D A; Strauss, M; Suter, L; Svoisky, P; Titov, M; Tokmenin, V V; Tsai, Y-T; Tsybychev, D; Tuchming, B; Tully, C; Uvarov, L; Uvarov, S; Uzunyan, S; Van Kooten, R; van Leeuwen, W M; Varelas, N; Varnes, E W; Vasilyev, I A; Verkheev, A Y; Vertogradov, L S; Verzocchi, M; Vesterinen, M; Vilanova, D; Vokac, P; Wahl, H D; Wang, M H L S; Warchol, J; Watts, G; Wayne, M; Weichert, J; Welty-Rieger, L; Williams, M R J; Wilson, G W; Wobisch, M; Wood, D R; Wyatt, T R; Xie, Y; Yamada, R; Yang, S; Yasuda, T; Yatsunenko, Y A; Ye, W; Ye, Z; Yin, H; Yip, K; Youn, S W; Yu, J M; Zennamo, J; Zhao, T G; Zhou, B; Zhu, J; Zielinski, M; Zieminska, D; Zivkovic, L</p> <p>2013-06-14</p> <p>We present <span class="hlt">a</span> measurement of the direct CP-violating charge asymmetry in B(±) mesons <span class="hlt">decaying</span> to J/ψK(±) and J/ψπ(±) where J/ψ <span class="hlt">decays</span> to μ(+) μ(-), using the full run II data set of 10.4 fb(-1) of proton-antiproton collisions collected using the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. <span class="hlt">A</span> difference in the yield of B(-) and B(+) mesons in these <span class="hlt">decays</span> is found by fitting to the difference between their reconstructed invariant mass distributions resulting in asymmetries of <span class="hlt">A</span>(J/ψK) = [0.59 ± 0.37]%, which is the most precise measurement to date, and <span class="hlt">A</span>(J/ψπ) = [-4.2 ± <span class="hlt">4.5</span>]%. Both measurements are consistent with standard model predictions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1434586-semiclassical-approach-heterogeneous-vacuum-decay','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1434586-semiclassical-approach-heterogeneous-vacuum-decay"><span>Semiclassical approach to heterogeneous vacuum <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Grinstein, Benjamin; Murphy, Christopher W.</p> <p>2015-12-10</p> <p>We derive the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate of an unstable phase of <span class="hlt">a</span> quantum field theory in the presence of an impurity in the thin-wall approximation. This derivation is based on the how the impurity changes the (flat spacetime) geometry relative to case of pure false vacuum. Two examples are given that show how to estimate some of the additional parameters that enter into this heterogeneous <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate. This formalism is then applied to the Higgs vacuum of the Standard Model (SM), where baryonic matter acts as an impurity in the electroweak Higgs vacuum. We find that the probability for heterogeneous vacuummore » <span class="hlt">decay</span> to occur is suppressed with respect to the homogeneous case. That is to say, the conclusions drawn from the homogeneous case are not modified by the inclusion of baryonic matter in the calculation. On the other hand, we show that Beyond the Standard Model physics with <span class="hlt">a</span> characteristic scale comparable to the scale that governs the homogeneous <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate in the SM, can in principle lead to an enhanced <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19730024766&hterms=1587&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3D%2526%25231587','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19730024766&hterms=1587&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3D%2526%25231587"><span>Interference <span class="hlt">Heating</span> to Cavities Between Simulated RSI Tiles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Johnson, C. B.</p> <p>1973-01-01</p> <p>Test results for full scale simulated surface insulation tiles on both the tunnel wall and in the free stream, for in-line and staggered tile orientations, are summarized as follows: (1) The staggered tile orientation has <span class="hlt">heating</span> on the forward face which is <span class="hlt">a</span> factor of <span class="hlt">4.5</span> times higher than the <span class="hlt">heating</span> to the forward face of the in-line tile orientation; (2) the longitudinal gap <span class="hlt">heating</span> was the highest for the 0.3175 cm gap and the lowest for the 0.1587 cm gap; and (3) there was an order of magnitude decrease in the <span class="hlt">heating</span> on the forward face of <span class="hlt">a</span> spanwise gap when the gap size was decreased from 0.3175 cm to 0.1587 cm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvD..95k4004G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvD..95k4004G"><span><span class="hlt">Decays</span> of the vector glueball</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Giacosa, Francesco; Sammet, Julia; Janowski, Stanislaus</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>We calculate two- and three-body <span class="hlt">decays</span> of the (lightest) vector glueball into (pseudo)scalar, (axial-)vector, as well as pseudovector and excited vector mesons in the framework of <span class="hlt">a</span> model of QCD. While absolute values of widths cannot be predicted because the corresponding coupling constants are unknown, some interesting branching ratios can be evaluated by setting the mass of the yet hypothetical vector glueball to 3.8 GeV as predicted by quenched lattice QCD. We find that the <span class="hlt">decay</span> mode ω π π should be one of the largest (both through the <span class="hlt">decay</span> chain O →b1π →ω π π and through the direct coupling O →ω π π ). Similarly, the (direct and indirect) <span class="hlt">decay</span> into π K K*(892 ) is sizable. Moreover, the <span class="hlt">decays</span> into ρ π and K*(892 )K are, although subleading, possible and could play <span class="hlt">a</span> role in explaining the ρ π puzzle of the charmonium state ψ (2 S ) thanks to <span class="hlt">a</span> (small) mixing with the vector glueball. The vector glueball can be directly formed at the ongoing BESIII experiment as well as at the future PANDA experiment at the FAIR facility. If the width is sufficiently small (≲100 MeV ) it should not escape future detection. It should be stressed that the employed model is based on some inputs and simplifying assumptions: the value of glueball mass (at present, the quenched lattice value is used), the lack of mixing of the glueball with other quarkonium states, and the use of few interaction terms. It then represents <span class="hlt">a</span> first step toward the identification of the main <span class="hlt">decay</span> channels of the vector glueball, but shall be improved when corresponding experimental candidates and/or new lattice results will be available.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950012576','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950012576"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> GIS approach to urban <span class="hlt">heat</span> island research: The case of Huntsville, Alabama</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lo, Chor Pong</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>The urban <span class="hlt">heat</span> island represents <span class="hlt">a</span> case of inadvertent human modification of climate in an urban environment. Urbanization changes the nature of the surface and atmospheric properties of <span class="hlt">a</span> region. As <span class="hlt">a</span> result, radiation balance in the urban areas is altered and sensible <span class="hlt">heat</span> is added to the point that urban areas are warmer than surrounding rural areas. At the boundary between the rural and urban area, <span class="hlt">a</span> sharp rise in temperature occurs, culminating to <span class="hlt">a</span> peak temperature at the central business district of the city, hence the name 'urban <span class="hlt">heat</span> island'. The extent and intensity of the urban <span class="hlt">heat</span> island are <span class="hlt">a</span> function of population size, land use, and topography. Because the urban <span class="hlt">heat</span> island exhibits spatial variations of temperatures, the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) is appropriate. The research on the urban <span class="hlt">heat</span> island focuses on the acquisition of 15 bands of visible and thermal infrared data (ranging from 0.<span class="hlt">45</span> to 12.2 microns) from an aerial platform using NASA's ATLAS (Airborne Thermal/Visible Land Application Sensor) over Huntsville, Alabama. The research reported in this paper is an analysis of the impact of population, land use, and topography on the shape of the urban <span class="hlt">heat</span> island that could be developed in Huntsville using the GIS approach. The outcome of this analysis can then be verified using the acquired remotely sensed data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021152','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021152"><span>Radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> production in sedimentary rocks of the Gulf of Mexico Basin, south Texas</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>McKenna, T.E.; Sharp, J.M.</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>Radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> production within the sedimentary section of the Gulf of Mexico basin is <span class="hlt">a</span> significant source of <span class="hlt">heat</span>. Radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> should be included in thermal models of this basin (and perhaps other sedimentary basins). We calculate that radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> may contribute up to 26% of the overall surface <span class="hlt">heat</span>-flow density for an area in south Texas. Based on measurements of the radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate of ??-particles, potassium concentration, and bulk density, we calculate radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> production for Stuart City (Lower Cretaceous) limestones, Wilcox (Eocene) sandstones and mudrocks, and Frio (Oligocene) sandstones and mudrocks from south Texas. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> production rates range from <span class="hlt">a</span> low of 0.07 ?? 0.01 ??W/m3 in clean Stuart City limestones to 2.21 ?? 0.24??W/m3 in Frio mudrocks. Mean <span class="hlt">heat</span> production rates for Wilcox sandstones, Frio sandstones, Wilcox mudrocks, and Frio mudrocks are 0.88, 1.19, 1.50, and 1.72 ??W/m3, respectively. In general, the mudrocks produce about 30-40% more <span class="hlt">heat</span> than stratigraphically equivalent sandstones. Frio rocks produce about 15% more <span class="hlt">heat</span> than Wilcox rocks per unit volume of clastic rock (sandstone/mudrock). <span class="hlt">A</span> one-dimensional <span class="hlt">heat</span>-conduction model indicates that this radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> source has <span class="hlt">a</span> significant effect on subsurface temperatures. If <span class="hlt">a</span> thermal model were calibrated to observed temperatures by optimizing basal <span class="hlt">heat</span>-flow density and ignoring sediment <span class="hlt">heat</span> production, the extrapolated present-day temperature of <span class="hlt">a</span> deeply buried source rock would be overestimated.Radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> production within the sedimentary section of the Gulf of Mexico basin is <span class="hlt">a</span> significant source of <span class="hlt">heat</span>. Radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> should be included in thermal models of this basin (and perhaps other sedimentary basins). We calculate that radiogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> may contribute up to 26% of the overall surface <span class="hlt">heat</span>-flow density for an area in south Texas. Based on measurements of the radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate of ??-particles, potassium concentration, and bulk density, we</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhRvD..67a4023D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhRvD..67a4023D"><span>Charmless two-body B <span class="hlt">decays</span>: <span class="hlt">A</span> global analysis with QCD factorization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Du, Dongsheng; Sun, Junfeng; Yang, Deshan; Zhu, Guohuai</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>In this paper, we perform <span class="hlt">a</span> global analysis of B→PP and PV <span class="hlt">decays</span> with the QCD factorization approach. It is encouraging to observe that the predictions of QCD factorization are in good agreement with experiment. The best fit γ is around 79 °. The penguin-diagram to tree-diagram ratio |Pππ/Tππ| of π+π- <span class="hlt">decays</span> is preferred to be larger than 0.3. We also show the confidence levels for some interesting channels: B0→π0π0, K+K-, and B+→ωπ+, ωK+. For B→πK* <span class="hlt">decays</span>, they are expected to have smaller branching ratios with more precise measurements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20705573-observation-sup-sup-chi-sub-cj-decays','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20705573-observation-sup-sup-chi-sub-cj-decays"><span>Observation of K*(892){sup 0}K*(892){sup 0} in {chi}{sub cJ} <span class="hlt">decays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ablikim, M.; Bai, J.Z.; Bian, J.G.</p> <p>2004-11-01</p> <p>K*(892){sup 0}K*(892){sup 0} signals from {chi}{sub cJ}(J=0,1,2) <span class="hlt">decays</span> are observed for the first time using <span class="hlt">a</span> data sample of 14 million {psi}(2S) events accumulated in the BES II detector. The branching fractions B[{chi}{sub cJ}{yields}K*(892){sup 0}K*(892){sup 0}] (J=0,1,2) are determined to be (1.78{+-}0.34{+-}0.34)x10{sup -3} (1.67{+-}0.32{+-}0.31)x10{sup -3}, and (4.86{+-}0.56{+-}0.88)x10{sup -3} for the {chi}{sub c0}, {chi}{sub c1}, and {chi}{sub c2} <span class="hlt">decays</span>, respectively, where the first errors are statistical and the second are systematic. The significances of these signals are about 4.7{sigma}, <span class="hlt">4.5</span>{sigma}, and 7.6{sigma}, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJWC.11305016G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJWC.11305016G"><span>Mesonic <span class="hlt">Decay</span> of Charm Hypernuclei Λc+</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ghosh, Sabyasachi; Fontoura, Carlos E.; Krein, Gastão</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>Λc+ hypernuclei are expected to have binding energies and other properties similar to those of strange hypernuclei in view of the similarity between the quark structures of the strange and charmed hyperons, namely Λ(uds) and Λc+(udc). One striking difference however occurs in their mesonic <span class="hlt">decays</span>, as there is almost no Pauli blocking in the nucleonic <span class="hlt">decay</span> of <span class="hlt">a</span> charm hypernucleus because the final-state nucleons leave the nucleus at high energies. The nuclear medium nevertheless affects the mesonic <span class="hlt">decays</span> of charm hypernucleus because the nuclear mean fields modify the masses of the charm hyperon. In the present communication we present results of <span class="hlt">a</span> first investigation of the effects of finite baryon density on different weak mesonic <span class="hlt">decay</span> channels of the Λc+ baryon. We found <span class="hlt">a</span> non-negligible reduction of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> widths as compared to their vacuum values.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19695257','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19695257"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> stress responses modulate calcium regulations and electrophysiological characteristics in atrial myocytes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Yao-Chang; Kao, Yu-Hsun; Huang, Chun-Feng; Cheng, Chen-Chuan; Chen, Yi-Jen; Chen, Shih-Ann</p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Heat</span> stress-induced responses change the ionic currents and calcium homeostasis. However, the molecular insights into the <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress responses on calcium homeostasis remain unclear. The purposes of this study were to examine the mechanisms of <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress responses on calcium handling and electrophysiological characteristics in atrial myocytes. We used indo-1 fluorimetric ratio technique and whole-cell patch clamp to investigate the intracellular calcium, action potentials, and ionic currents in isolated rabbit single atrial cardiomyocytes with or without (control) exposure to <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress (43 degrees C, 15 min) 5+/-1 h before experiments. The expressions of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase (SERCA2<span class="hlt">a</span>), and Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) in the control and <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress-treated atrial myocytes were evaluated by Western blot and real-time PCR. As compared with control myocytes, the <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress-treated myocytes had larger sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content and larger intracellular calcium transient with <span class="hlt">a</span> shorter <span class="hlt">decay</span> portion. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> stress-treated myocytes also had larger L-type calcium currents, transient outward potassium currents, but smaller NCX currents. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> stress responses increased the protein expressions, SERCA2<span class="hlt">a</span>, NCX, and <span class="hlt">heat</span> shock protein. However, <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress responses did not change the RNA expression of SERCA2<span class="hlt">a</span> and NCX. In conclusion, <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress responses change calcium handling through protein but not RNA regulation. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22492664-unique-forbidden-beta-decays-neutrino-mass','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22492664-unique-forbidden-beta-decays-neutrino-mass"><span>Unique forbidden beta <span class="hlt">decays</span> and neutrino mass</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Dvornický, Rastislav, E-mail: dvornicky@dnp.fmph.uniba.sk; Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F1, SK-842 48 Bratislava; Šimkovic, Fedor</p> <p></p> <p>The measurement of the electron energy spectrum in single β <span class="hlt">decays</span> close to the endpoint provides <span class="hlt">a</span> direct determination of the neutrino masses. The most sensitive experiments use β <span class="hlt">decays</span> with low Q value, e.g. KATRIN (tritium) and MARE (rhenium). We present the theoretical spectral shape of electrons emitted in the first, second, and fourth unique forbidden β <span class="hlt">decays</span>. Our findings show that the Kurie functions for these unique forbidden β transitions are linear in the limit of massless neutrinos like the Kurie function of the allowed β <span class="hlt">decay</span> of tritium.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ARNPS..48..253L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ARNPS..48..253L"><span>Penguin <span class="hlt">Decays</span> of B Mesons</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lingel, Karen; Skwarnicki, Tomasz; Smith, James G.</p> <p></p> <p>Penguin, or loop, <span class="hlt">decays</span> of B mesons induce effective flavor-changing neutral currents, which are forbidden at tree level in the standard model. These <span class="hlt">decays</span> give special insight into the CKM matrix and are sensitive to non-standard-model effects. In this review, we give <span class="hlt">a</span> historical and theoretical introduction to penguins and <span class="hlt">a</span> description of the various types of penguin processes: electromagnetic, electroweak, and gluonic. We review the experimental searches for penguin <span class="hlt">decays</span>, including the measurements of the electromagnetic penguins b -> sgamma and B -> K*gamma and gluonic penguins B -> Kpi, B+ -> omegaK+ and B -> eta'K, and their implications for the standard model and new physics. We conclude by exploring the future prospects for penguin physics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16384384','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16384384"><span><span class="hlt">Decaying</span> two-dimensional turbulence in <span class="hlt">a</span> circular container.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schneider, Kai; Farge, Marie</p> <p>2005-12-09</p> <p>We present direct numerical simulations of two-dimensional <span class="hlt">decaying</span> turbulence at initial Reynolds number 5 x 10(4) in <span class="hlt">a</span> circular container with no-slip boundary conditions. Starting with random initial conditions the flow rapidly exhibits self-organization into coherent vortices. We study their formation and the role of the viscous boundary layer on the production and <span class="hlt">decay</span> of integral quantities. The no-slip wall produces vortices which are injected into the bulk flow and tend to compensate the enstrophy dissipation. The self-organization of the flow is reflected by the transition of the initially Gaussian vorticity probability density function (PDF) towards <span class="hlt">a</span> distribution with exponential tails. Because of the presence of coherent vortices the pressure PDF become strongly skewed with exponential tails for negative values.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29045327','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29045327"><span>Aging Impairs Whole-Body <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Loss in Women under Both Dry and Humid <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Stress.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Notley, Sean R; Poirier, Martin P; Hardcastle, Stephen G; Flouris, Andreas D; Boulay, Pierre; Sigal, Ronald J; Kenny, Glen P</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>This study was designed to determine whether age-related impairments in whole-body <span class="hlt">heat</span> loss, which are known to exist in dry <span class="hlt">heat</span>, also occur in humid <span class="hlt">heat</span> in women. To evaluate this possibility, 10 young (25 ± 4 yr) and 10 older (51 ± 7 yr) women matched for body surface area (young, 1.69 ± 0.11; older, 1.76 ± 0.14 m, P = 0.21) and peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak) (young, 38.6 ± 4.6; older, 34.8 ± 6.6 mL·kg·min, P = 0.15) performed four 15-min bouts of cycling at <span class="hlt">a</span> fixed metabolic <span class="hlt">heat</span> production rate (300 W; equivalent to ~<span class="hlt">45</span>% V˙O2peak), each separated by <span class="hlt">a</span> 15-min recovery, in dry (35°C, 20% relative humidity) and humid <span class="hlt">heat</span> (35°C, 60% relative humidity). Total <span class="hlt">heat</span> loss (evaporative ± dry <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchange) and metabolic <span class="hlt">heat</span> production were measured using direct and indirect calorimetry, respectively. Body <span class="hlt">heat</span> storage was measured as the temporal summation of <span class="hlt">heat</span> production and loss. Total <span class="hlt">heat</span> loss was lower in humid conditions compared with dry conditions during all exercise bouts in both groups (all P < 0.05), resulting in 49% and 39% greater body <span class="hlt">heat</span> storage in young and older women, respectively (both P < 0.01). Total <span class="hlt">heat</span> loss was also lower in older women compared with young women during exercise bouts 1, 2 and 3 in dry <span class="hlt">heat</span> (all P < 0.05) and bouts 1 and 2 in humid <span class="hlt">heat</span> (both P < 0.05). Consequently, body <span class="hlt">heat</span> storage was 29% and 16% greater in older women compared with young women in dry and humid conditions, respectively (both P < 0.05). Increasing ambient humidity reduces <span class="hlt">heat</span> loss capacity in young and older women. However, older women display impaired <span class="hlt">heat</span> loss relative to young women in both dry and humid <span class="hlt">heat</span>, and may therefore be at greater risk of <span class="hlt">heat</span>-related injury during light-to-moderate activity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1103073-study-bxul-decays-bb-events-tagged-fully-reconstructed-meson-decay-determination-vub','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1103073-study-bxul-decays-bb-events-tagged-fully-reconstructed-meson-decay-determination-vub"><span>Study of B̄→X ulν̄ <span class="hlt">decays</span> in BB̄ events tagged by <span class="hlt">a</span> fully reconstructed B-meson <span class="hlt">decay</span> and determination of |V ub|</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Tisserand, V.; ...</p> <p>2012-08-07</p> <p>We report measurements of partial branching fractions for inclusive charmless semileptonic B <span class="hlt">decays</span> B¯¯¯→X ulν¯ and the determination of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix element |V ub|. The analysis is based on <span class="hlt">a</span> sample of 467×10⁶ Υ(4S)→BB¯¯¯ <span class="hlt">decays</span> recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e⁺e⁻ storage rings. We select events in which the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of one of the B mesons is fully reconstructed and an electron or <span class="hlt">a</span> muon signals the semileptonic <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the other B meson. We measure partial branching fractions ΔB in several restricted regions of phase space and determine the CKM element |V ub| basedmore » on different QCD predictions. For <span class="hlt">decays</span> with <span class="hlt">a</span> charged lepton momentum p * l>1.0 GeV in the B meson rest frame, we obtain ΔB=(1.80±0.13stat±0.15sys±0.02theo)×10⁻³ from <span class="hlt">a</span> fit to the two-dimensional M X-q² distribution. Here, M X refers to the invariant mass of the final state hadron X and q² is the invariant mass squared of the charged lepton and neutrino. From this measurement we extract |V ub|=(4.33±0.24 exp±0.15 theo)×10⁻³ as the arithmetic average of four results obtained from four different QCD predictions of the partial rate. We separately determine partial branching fractions for B¯¯¯0 and B⁻ <span class="hlt">decays</span> and derive <span class="hlt">a</span> limit on the isospin breaking in B¯¯¯→X ulν¯ <span class="hlt">decays</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E2294N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E2294N"><span>Observations of <span class="hlt">decay</span>-less low-amplitude kink oscillations of EUV coronal loops</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nisticò, Giuseppe; Nakariakov, Valery; Anfinogentov, Sergey</p> <p></p> <p>The high spatial and temporal resolution observations at Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) wavelengths from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) reveal new features in kink oscillations of coronal loops. We show that, in addition to the well-known rapidly <span class="hlt">decaying</span> oscillations, <span class="hlt">a</span> new type of kink waves is present, characterized by low-amplitude and undamped oscillations, that we define as <span class="hlt">decay</span>-less. Typical periods range from 2.5 to 12 min in both regimes and are different for different loops, increasing with the loop length. Estimates of the loop lengths are supported by three dimensional reconstruction of the loop geometry. The amplitude for the <span class="hlt">decay</span>-less regime is about 1 Mm, close to the spatial resolution of the AIA instruments. The oscillation phase, measured by the cross-correlation method, is found to be constant along each analysed loop, and the spatial structure of the phase of the oscillations corresponds to the fundamental standing kink mode. We show that the observed behaviours are consistent with the empirical model of <span class="hlt">a</span> damped linear oscillator excited by <span class="hlt">a</span> continuous low-amplitude harmonic driver, in addition to an eventual impulsive high-amplitude driver. The observed life-time of the oscillations is likely to be determined by the observational conditions rather than any physical damping. However, the balance between the driving and damping is <span class="hlt">a</span> necessary ingredient of this model. The properties of this type of transverse oscillations make them interesting object of study in the framework of resonant absorption theory and coronal <span class="hlt">heating</span> process.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ARep...58..756M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ARep...58..756M"><span>The <span class="hlt">decay</span> of triple systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Martynova, A. I.; Orlov, V. V.</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>Numerical simulations have been carried out in the general three-body problem with equal masses with zero initial velocities, to investigate the distribution of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> times T based on <span class="hlt">a</span> representative sample of initial conditions. The distribution has <span class="hlt">a</span> power-law character on long time scales, f( T) ∝ T - α , with α = 1.74. Over small times T < 30 T cr ( T cr is the mean crossing time for <span class="hlt">a</span> component of the triple system), <span class="hlt">a</span> series of local maxima separated by about 1.0 T cr is observed in the <span class="hlt">decay</span>-time distribution. These local peaks correspond to zones of <span class="hlt">decay</span> after one or <span class="hlt">a</span> few triple encounters. Figures showing the arrangement of these zones in the domain of the initial conditions are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title7-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title7-vol2-sec51-898.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title7-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title7-vol2-sec51-898.pdf"><span>7 CFR 51.898 - <span class="hlt">Decay</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>... Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.898 <span class="hlt">Decay</span>. <span class="hlt">Decay</span> means any soft breakdown of the flesh or skin of the berry resulting from bacterial or fungus infection...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title7-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title7-vol2-sec51-898.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title7-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title7-vol2-sec51-898.pdf"><span>7 CFR 51.898 - <span class="hlt">Decay</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>... Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.898 <span class="hlt">Decay</span>. <span class="hlt">Decay</span> means any soft breakdown of the flesh or skin of the berry resulting from bacterial or fungus infection...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070016598&hterms=sea+ice+albedo&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dsea%2Bice%2Balbedo','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070016598&hterms=sea+ice+albedo&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dsea%2Bice%2Balbedo"><span>Observational Evidence of <span class="hlt">a</span> Hemispheric-wide Ice-ocean Albedo Feedback Effect on Antarctic Sea-ice <span class="hlt">Decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nihashi, Sohey; Cavalieri, Donald J.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>The effect of ice-ocean albedo feedback (<span class="hlt">a</span> kind of ice-albedo feedback) on sea-ice <span class="hlt">decay</span> is demonstrated over the Antarctic sea-ice zone from an analysis of satellite-derived hemispheric sea ice concentration and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-40) atmospheric data for the period 1979-2001. Sea ice concentration in December (time of most active melt) correlates better with the meridional component of the wind-forced ice drift (MID) in November (beginning of the melt season) than the MID in December. This 1 month lagged correlation is observed in most of the Antarctic sea-ice covered ocean. Daily time series of ice , concentration show that the ice concentration anomaly increases toward the time of maximum sea-ice melt. These findings can be explained by the following positive feedback effect: once ice concentration decreases (increases) at the beginning of the melt season, solar <span class="hlt">heating</span> of the upper ocean through the increased (decreased) open water fraction is enhanced (reduced), leading to (suppressing) <span class="hlt">a</span> further decrease in ice concentration by the oceanic <span class="hlt">heat</span>. Results obtained fi-om <span class="hlt">a</span> simple ice-ocean coupled model also support our interpretation of the observational results. This positive feedback mechanism explains in part the large interannual variability of the sea-ice cover in summer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010APh....34..173J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010APh....34..173J"><span>Power spectrum analyses of nuclear <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Javorsek, D.; Sturrock, P. A.; Lasenby, R. N.; Lasenby, A. N.; Buncher, J. B.; Fischbach, E.; Gruenwald, J. T.; Hoft, A. W.; Horan, T. J.; Jenkins, J. H.; Kerford, J. L.; Lee, R. H.; Longman, A.; Mattes, J. J.; Morreale, B. L.; Morris, D. B.; Mudry, R. N.; Newport, J. R.; O'Keefe, D.; Petrelli, M. A.; Silver, M. A.; Stewart, C. A.; Terry, B.</p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>We provide the results from <span class="hlt">a</span> spectral analysis of nuclear <span class="hlt">decay</span> data displaying annually varying periodic fluctuations. The analyzed data were obtained from three distinct data sets: 32Si and 36Cl <span class="hlt">decays</span> reported by an experiment performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), 56Mn <span class="hlt">decay</span> reported by the Children's Nutrition Research Center (CNRC), but also performed at BNL, and 226Ra <span class="hlt">decay</span> reported by an experiment performed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Germany. All three data sets exhibit the same primary frequency mode consisting of an annual period. Additional spectral comparisons of the data to local ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, Earth-Sun distance, and their reciprocals were performed. No common phases were found between the factors investigated and those exhibited by the nuclear <span class="hlt">decay</span> data. This suggests that either <span class="hlt">a</span> combination of factors was responsible, or that, if it was <span class="hlt">a</span> single factor, its effects on the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate experiments are not <span class="hlt">a</span> direct synchronous modulation. We conclude that the annual periodicity in these data sets is <span class="hlt">a</span> real effect, but that further study involving additional carefully controlled experiments will be needed to establish its origin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JHEP...11..092A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JHEP...11..092A"><span>First observation of the <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aaij, R.; Abellan Beteta, C.; Adeva, B.; Adinolfi, M.; Adrover, C.; Affolder, A.; Ajaltouni, Z.; Albrecht, J.; Alessio, F.; Alexander, M.; Ali, S.; Alkhazov, G.; Alvarez Cartelle, P.; Alves, A. A.; Amato, S.; Amerio, S.; Amhis, Y.; Anderlini, L.; Anderson, J.; Andreassen, R.; Appleby, R. B.; Aquines Gutierrez, O.; Archilli, F.; Artamonov, A.; Artuso, M.; Aslanides, E.; Auriemma, G.; Bachmann, S.; Back, J. J.; Baesso, C.; Balagura, V.; Baldini, W.; Barlow, R. J.; Barschel, C.; Barsuk, S.; Barter, W.; Bauer, Th.; Bay, A.; Beddow, J.; Bedeschi, F.; Bediaga, I.; Belogurov, S.; Belous, K.; Belyaev, I.; Ben-Haim, E.; Benayoun, M.; Bencivenni, G.; Benson, S.; Benton, J.; Berezhnoy, A.; Bernet, R.; Bettler, M.-O.; van Beuzekom, M.; Bien, A.; Bifani, S.; Bird, T.; Bizzeti, A.; Bjørnstad, P. M.; Blake, T.; Blanc, F.; Blouw, J.; Blusk, S.; Bocci, V.; Bondar, A.; Bondar, N.; Bonivento, W.; Borghi, S.; Borgia, A.; Bowcock, T. J. V.; Bowen, E.; Bozzi, C.; Brambach, T.; van den Brand, J.; Bressieux, J.; Brett, D.; Britsch, M.; Britton, T.; Brook, N. H.; Brown, H.; Burducea, I.; Bursche, A.; Busetto, G.; Buytaert, J.; Cadeddu, S.; Callot, O.; Calvi, M.; Calvo Gomez, M.; Camboni, A.; Campana, P.; Campora Perez, D.; Carbone, A.; Carboni, G.; Cardinale, R.; Cardini, A.; Carranza-Mejia, H.; Carson, L.; Carvalho Akiba, K.; Casse, G.; Castillo Garcia, L.; Cattaneo, M.; Cauet, Ch.; Charles, M.; Charpentier, Ph.; Chen, P.; Chiapolini, N.; Chrzaszcz, M.; Ciba, K.; Cid Vidal, X.; Ciezarek, G.; Clarke, P. E. L.; Clemencic, M.; Cliff, H. V.; Closier, J.; Coca, C.; Coco, V.; Cogan, J.; Cogneras, E.; Collins, P.; Comerma-Montells, A.; Contu, A.; Cook, A.; Coombes, M.; Coquereau, S.; Corti, G.; Couturier, B.; Cowan, G. A.; Craik, D. C.; Cunliffe, S.; Currie, R.; D'Ambrosio, C.; David, P.; David, P. N. Y.; Davis, A.; De Bonis, I.; De Bruyn, K.; De Capua, S.; De Cian, M.; De Miranda, J. M.; De Paula, L.; De Silva, W.; De Simone, P.; Decamp, D.; Deckenhoff, M.; Del Buono, L.; Derkach, D.; Deschamps, O.; Dettori, F.; Di Canto, A.; Dijkstra, H.; Dogaru, M.; Donleavy, S.; Dordei, F.; Dosil Suárez, A.; Dossett, D.; Dovbnya, A.; Dupertuis, F.; Dzhelyadin, R.; Dziurda, A.; Dzyuba, A.; Easo, S.; Egede, U.; Egorychev, V.; Eidelman, S.; van Eijk, D.; Eisenhardt, S.; Eitschberger, U.; Ekelhof, R.; Eklund, L.; El Rifai, I.; Elsasser, Ch.; Elsby, D.; Falabella, A.; Färber, C.; Fardell, G.; Farinelli, C.; Farry, S.; Fave, V.; Ferguson, D.; Fernandez Albor, V.; Ferreira Rodrigues, F.; Ferro-Luzzi, M.; Filippov, S.; Fiore, M.; Fitzpatrick, C.; Fontana, M.; Fontanelli, F.; Forty, R.; Francisco, O.; Frank, M.; Frei, C.; Frosini, M.; Furcas, S.; Furfaro, E.; Gallas Torreira, A.; Galli, D.; Gandelman, M.; Gandini, P.; Gao, Y.; Garofoli, J.; Garosi, P.; Garra Tico, J.; Garrido, L.; Gaspar, C.; Gauld, R.; Gersabeck, E.; Gersabeck, M.; Gershon, T.; Ghez, Ph.; Gibson, V.; Gligorov, V. V.; Göbel, C.; Golubkov, D.; Golutvin, A.; Gomes, A.; Gordon, H.; Grabalosa Gándara, M.; Graciani Diaz, R.; Granado Cardoso, L. A.; Graugés, E.; Graziani, G.; Grecu, A.; Greening, E.; Gregson, S.; Grünberg, O.; Gui, B.; Gushchin, E.; Guz, Yu.; Gys, T.; Hadjivasiliou, C.; Haefeli, G.; Haen, C.; Haines, S. C.; Hall, S.; Hampson, T.; Hansmann-Menzemer, S.; Harnew, N.; Harnew, S. T.; Harrison, J.; Hartmann, T.; He, J.; Heijne, V.; Hennessy, K.; Henrard, P.; Hernando Morata, J. A.; van Herwijnen, E.; Hicheur, A.; Hicks, E.; Hill, D.; Hoballah, M.; Holtrop, M.; Hombach, C.; Hopchev, P.; Hulsbergen, W.; Hunt, P.; Huse, T.; Hussain, N.; Hutchcroft, D.; Hynds, D.; Iakovenko, V.; Idzik, M.; Ilten, P.; Jacobsson, R.; Jaeger, A.; Jans, E.; Jaton, P.; Jing, F.; John, M.; Johnson, D.; Jones, C. R.; Joram, C.; Jost, B.; Kaballo, M.; Kandybei, S.; Karacson, M.; Karbach, T. M.; Kenyon, I. R.; Kerzel, U.; Ketel, T.; Keune, A.; Khanji, B.; Kochebina, O.; Komarov, I.; Koopman, R. F.; Koppenburg, P.; Korolev, M.; Kozlinskiy, A.; Kravchuk, L.; Kreplin, K.; Kreps, M.; Krocker, G.; Krokovny, P.; Kruse, F.; Kucharczyk, M.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Kvaratskheliya, T.; La Thi, V. N.; Lacarrere, D.; Lafferty, G.; Lai, A.; Lambert, D.; Lambert, R. W.; Lanciotti, E.; Lanfranchi, G.; Langenbruch, C.; Latham, T.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Gac, R.; van Leerdam, J.; Lees, J.-P.; Lefèvre, R.; Leflat, A.; Lefrançois, J.; Leo, S.; Leroy, O.; Lesiak, T.; Leverington, B.; Li, Y.; Li Gioi, L.; Liles, M.; Lindner, R.; Linn, C.; Liu, B.; Liu, G.; Lohn, S.; Longstaff, I.; Lopes, J. H.; Lopez Asamar, E.; Lopez-March, N.; Lu, H.; Lucchesi, D.; Luisier, J.; Luo, H.; Machefert, F.; Machikhiliyan, I. V.; Maciuc, F.; Maev, O.; Malde, S.; Manca, G.; Mancinelli, G.; Marconi, U.; Märki, R.; Marks, J.; Martellotti, G.; Martens, A.; Martín Sánchez, A.; Martinelli, M.; Martinez Santos, D.; Martins Tostes, D.; Massafferri, A.; Matev, R.; Mathe, Z.; Matteuzzi, C.; Maurice, E.; Mazurov, A.; McCarthy, J.; McNab, A.; McNulty, R.; Meadows, B.; Meier, F.; Meissner, M.; Merk, M.; Milanes, D. A.; Minard, M.-N.; Molina Rodriguez, J.; Monteil, S.; Moran, D.; Morawski, P.; Morello, M. J.; Mountain, R.; Mous, I.; Muheim, F.; Müller, K.; Muresan, R.; Muryn, B.; Muster, B.; Naik, P.; Nakada, T.; Nandakumar, R.; Nasteva, I.; Needham, M.; Neufeld, N.; Nguyen, A. D.; Nguyen, T. D.; Nguyen-Mau, C.; Nicol, M.; Niess, V.; Niet, R.; Nikitin, N.; Nikodem, T.; Nomerotski, A.; Novoselov, A.; Oblakowska-Mucha, A.; Obraztsov, V.; Oggero, S.; Ogilvy, S.; Okhrimenko, O.; Oldeman, R.; Orlandea, M.; Otalora Goicochea, J. M.; Owen, P.; Oyanguren, A.; Pal, B. K.; Palano, A.; Palutan, M.; Panman, J.; Papanestis, A.; Pappagallo, M.; Parkes, C.; Parkinson, C. J.; Passaleva, G.; Patel, G. D.; Patel, M.; Patrick, G. N.; Patrignani, C.; Pavel-Nicorescu, C.; Pazos Alvarez, A.; Pellegrino, A.; Penso, G.; Pepe Altarelli, M.; Perazzini, S.; Perego, D. L.; Perez Trigo, E.; Pérez-Calero Yzquierdo, A.; Perret, P.; Perrin-Terrin, M.; Pessina, G.; Petridis, K.; Petrolini, A.; Phan, A.; Picatoste Olloqui, E.; Pietrzyk, B.; Pilař, T.; Pinci, D.; Playfer, S.; Plo Casasus, M.; Polci, F.; Polok, G.; Poluektov, A.; Polycarpo, E.; Popov, D.; Popovici, B.; Potterat, C.; Powell, A.; Prisciandaro, J.; Pritchard, A.; Prouve, C.; Pugatch, V.; Puig Navarro, A.; Punzi, G.; Qian, W.; Rademacker, J. H.; Rakotomiaramanana, B.; Rangel, M. S.; Raniuk, I.; Rauschmayr, N.; Raven, G.; Redford, S.; Reid, M. M.; dos Reis, A. C.; Ricciardi, S.; Richards, A.; Rinnert, K.; Rives Molina, V.; Roa Romero, D. A.; Robbe, P.; Rodrigues, E.; Rodriguez Perez, P.; Roiser, S.; Romanovsky, V.; Romero Vidal, A.; Rouvinet, J.; Ruf, T.; Ruffini, F.; Ruiz, H.; Ruiz Valls, P.; Sabatino, G.; Saborido Silva, J. J.; Sagidova, N.; Sail, P.; Saitta, B.; Salzmann, C.; Sanmartin Sedes, B.; Sannino, M.; Santacesaria, R.; Santamarina Rios, C.; Santovetti, E.; Sapunov, M.; Sarti, A.; Satriano, C.; Satta, A.; Savrie, M.; Savrina, D.; Schaack, P.; Schiller, M.; Schindler, H.; Schlupp, M.; Schmelling, M.; Schmidt, B.; Schneider, O.; Schopper, A.; Schune, M.-H.; Schwemmer, R.; Sciascia, B.; Sciubba, A.; Seco, M.; Semennikov, A.; Sepp, I.; Serra, N.; Serrano, J.; Seyfert, P.; Shapkin, M.; Shapoval, I.; Shatalov, P.; Shcheglov, Y.; Shears, T.; Shekhtman, L.; Shevchenko, O.; Shevchenko, V.; Shires, A.; Silva Coutinho, R.; Skwarnicki, T.; Smith, N. A.; Smith, E.; Smith, M.; Sokoloff, M. D.; Soler, F. J. P.; Soomro, F.; Souza, D.; De Paula, B. Souza; Spaan, B.; Sparkes, A.; Spradlin, P.; Stagni, F.; Stahl, S.; Steinkamp, O.; Stoica, S.; Stone, S.; Storaci, B.; Straticiuc, M.; Straumann, U.; Subbiah, V. K.; Swientek, S.; Syropoulos, V.; Szczekowski, M.; Szczypka, P.; Szumlak, T.; T'Jampens, S.; Teklishyn, M.; Teodorescu, E.; Teubert, F.; Thomas, C.; Thomas, E.; van Tilburg, J.; Tisserand, V.; Tobin, M.; Tolk, S.; Tonelli, D.; Topp-Joergensen, S.; Torr, N.; Tournefier, E.; Tourneur, S.; Tran, M. T.; Tresch, M.; Tsaregorodtsev, A.; Tsopelas, P.; Tuning, N.; Ubeda Garcia, M.; Ukleja, A.; Urner, D.; Uwer, U.; Vagnoni, V.; Valenti, G.; Vazquez Gomez, R.; Vazquez Regueiro, P.; Vecchi, S.; Velthuis, J. J.; Veltri, M.; Veneziano, G.; Vesterinen, M.; Viaud, B.; Vieira, D.; Vilasis-Cardona, X.; Vollhardt, A.; Volyanskyy, D.; Voong, D.; Vorobyev, A.; Vorobyev, V.; Voß, C.; Voss, H.; Waldi, R.; Wallace, R.; Wandernoth, S.; Wang, J.; Ward, D. R.; Watson, N. K.; Webber, A. D.; Websdale, D.; Whitehead, M.; Wicht, J.; Wiechczynski, J.; Wiedner, D.; Wiggers, L.; Wilkinson, G.; Williams, M. P.; Williams, M.; Wilson, F. F.; Wishahi, J.; Witek, M.; Wotton, S. A.; Wright, S.; Wu, S.; Wyllie, K.; Xie, Y.; Xing, Z.; Yang, Z.; Young, R.; Yuan, X.; Yushchenko, O.; Zangoli, M.; Zavertyaev, M.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W. C.; Zhang, Y.; Zhelezov, A.; Zhokhov, A.; Zhong, L.; Zvyagin, A.</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>The first observation of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> is reported. The analysis is based on <span class="hlt">a</span> data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb-1 of pp collisions at TeV, collected with the LHCb detector. <span class="hlt">A</span> yield of 30 ± 6 <span class="hlt">decays</span> is found in the mass windows 1012.5 < M ( K + K -) < 1026.5 MeV/ c 2 and 746 < M( K - π +) < 1046 MeV/ c 2. The signal yield is found to be dominated by <span class="hlt">decays</span>, and the corresponding branching fraction is measured to be = (1.10 ± 0.24 (stat) ± 0.14 (syst) ± 0.08 ( f d / f s )) × 10-6, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and from the ratio of fragmentation fractions f d / f s which accounts for the different production rate of B 0 and mesons. The significance of signal is 6.1 standard deviations. The fraction of longitudinal polarization in <span class="hlt">decays</span> is found to be f 0 = 0.51 ± 0.15 (stat) ± 0.07 (syst). [Figure not available: see fulltext.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20000050241','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20000050241"><span>Transverse Stress <span class="hlt">Decay</span> in <span class="hlt">a</span> Specially Orthotropic Strip Under Localizing Normal Edge Loading</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Fichter, W. B.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Solutions are presented for the stresses in <span class="hlt">a</span> specially orthotropic infinite strip which is subjected to localized uniform normal loading on one edge while the other edge is either restrained against normal displacement only, or completely fixed. The solutions are used to investigate the diffusion of load into the strip and in particular the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of normal stress across the width of the strip. For orthotropic strips representative of <span class="hlt">a</span> broad range of balanced and symmetric angle-ply composite laminates, minimum strip widths are found that ensure at least 90% <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the normal stress across the strip. In addition, in <span class="hlt">a</span> few cases where, on the fixed edge the peak shear stress exceeds the normal stress in magnitude, minimum strip widths that ensure 90% <span class="hlt">decay</span> of both stresses are found. To help in putting these results into perspective, and to illustrate the influence of material properties on load 9 orthotropic materials, closed-form solutions for the stresses in similarly loaded orthotropic half-planes are obtained. These solutions are used to generate illustrative stress contour plots for several representative laminates. Among the laminates, those composed of intermediate-angle plies, i.e., from about 30 degrees to 60 degrees, exhibit marked changes in normal stress contour shape with stress level. The stress contours are also used to find 90% <span class="hlt">decay</span> distances in the half-planes. In all cases, the minimum strip widths for 90% <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the normal stress exceed the 90% <span class="hlt">decay</span> distances in the corresponding half-planes, in amounts ranging from only <span class="hlt">a</span> few percent to about 50% of the half-plane <span class="hlt">decay</span> distances. The 90% <span class="hlt">decay</span> distances depend on both material properties and the boundary conditions on the supported edge.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26900344','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26900344"><span>Techniques for the treatment of IR divergences in <span class="hlt">decay</span> processes at NLO and application to the top-quark <span class="hlt">decay</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Basso, Lorenzo; Dittmaier, Stefan; Huss, Alexander; Oggero, Luisa</p> <p></p> <p>We present the extension of two general algorithms for the treatment of infrared singularities arising in electroweak corrections to <span class="hlt">decay</span> processes at next-to-leading order: the dipole subtraction formalism and the one-cutoff slicing method. The former is extended to the case of <span class="hlt">decay</span> kinematics which has not been considered in the literature so far. The latter is generalised to production and <span class="hlt">decay</span> processes with more than two charged particles, where new "surface" terms arise. Arbitrary patterns of massive and massless external particles are considered, including the treatment of infrared singularities in dimensional or mass regularisation. As an application of the two techniques we present the calculation of the next-to-leading order QCD and electroweak corrections to the top-quark <span class="hlt">decay</span> width including all off-shell and <span class="hlt">decay</span> effects of intermediate [Formula: see text] bosons. The result, e.g., represents <span class="hlt">a</span> building block of <span class="hlt">a</span> future calculation of NLO electroweak effects to off-shell top-quark pair ([Formula: see text]) production. Moreover, this calculation can serve as the first step towards an event generator for top-quark <span class="hlt">decays</span> at next-to-leading order accuracy, which can be used to attach top-quark <span class="hlt">decays</span> to complicated many-particle top-quark processes, such as for [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text].</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title7-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title7-vol2-sec51-898.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title7-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title7-vol2-sec51-898.pdf"><span>7 CFR 51.898 - <span class="hlt">Decay</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.898 <span class="hlt">Decay</span>. <span class="hlt">Decay</span> means any soft breakdown of the flesh or skin of the berry resulting from...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title7-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title7-vol2-sec51-898.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title7-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title7-vol2-sec51-898.pdf"><span>7 CFR 51.898 - <span class="hlt">Decay</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>..., CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) United States Standards for Grades of Table Grapes (European or Vinifera Type) 1 Definitions § 51.898 <span class="hlt">Decay</span>. <span class="hlt">Decay</span> means any soft breakdown of the flesh or skin of the berry resulting from...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28612122','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28612122"><span>Effect of passive <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress and exercise in the <span class="hlt">heat</span> on arterial stiffness.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Caldwell, Aaron R; Robinson, Forrest B; Tucker, Matthew A; Arcement, Cash H; Butts, Cory L; McDermott, Brendon P; Ganio, Matthew S</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Prior evidence indicates that acute <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress and aerobic exercise independently reduce arterial stiffness. The combined effects of exercise and <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress on PWV are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress with passive <span class="hlt">heating</span> and exercise in the <span class="hlt">heat</span> on arterial stiffness. Nine participants (n = 3 females, 47 ± 11 years old; 24.1 ± 2.8 kg/m 2 ) completed four trials. In <span class="hlt">a</span> control trial, participants rested supine (CON). In <span class="hlt">a</span> passive <span class="hlt">heating</span> trial (PH), participants were <span class="hlt">heated</span> with <span class="hlt">a</span> water-perfusion suit. In two other trials, participants cycled at ~50% of [Formula: see text] in <span class="hlt">a</span> hot (~40 °C; HC trial) or cool (~15 °C; CC trial) environment. Arterial stiffness, measured by PWV, was obtained at baseline and after each intervention (immediately, 15, 30, <span class="hlt">45</span>, and 60 min post). Central PWV (C PWV ) was assessed between the carotid/femoral artery sites. Upper and lower peripheral PWV was assessed using the radial/carotid (U PWV ) and dorsalis pedis/femoral (L PWV ) artery sites. The mean body temperature (T B ) was calculated from the skin and rectal temperatures. No significant changes in T B were observed during the CON and CC trials. As expected, the PH and HC trials elevated T B 2.69 ± 0.23 °C and 1.67 ± 0.27 °C, respectively (p < 0.01). PWV did not change in CON, CC, or HC (p > 0.05). However, in the PH trial, U PWV was reduced immediately (-107 ± 81 cm/s) and 15 min (-93 ± 82 cm/s) post-<span class="hlt">heating</span> (p < 0.05). <span class="hlt">Heat</span> stress via exercise in the <span class="hlt">heat</span> does not acutely change arterial stiffness. However, passive <span class="hlt">heating</span> reduces U PWV , indicating that <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress has an independent effect on PWV.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title45-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title45-vol3-sec1170-45.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title45-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title45-vol3-sec1170-45.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">45</span> CFR 1170.<span class="hlt">45</span> - Housing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">45</span> Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Housing. 1170.<span class="hlt">45</span> Section 1170.<span class="hlt">45</span> Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES NATIONAL... scope of handicapped students' choice of living accommodations is, as <span class="hlt">a</span> whole, comparable to that of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title45-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title45-vol3-sec1170-45.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title45-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title45-vol3-sec1170-45.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">45</span> CFR 1170.<span class="hlt">45</span> - Housing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">45</span> Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Housing. 1170.<span class="hlt">45</span> Section 1170.<span class="hlt">45</span> Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES NATIONAL... scope of handicapped students' choice of living accommodations is, as <span class="hlt">a</span> whole, comparable to that of...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/445438-thermal-hydraulic-behavior-mixed-chevron-single-pass-plate-frame-heat-exchanger','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/445438-thermal-hydraulic-behavior-mixed-chevron-single-pass-plate-frame-heat-exchanger"><span>Thermal-hydraulic behavior of <span class="hlt">a</span> mixed chevron single-pass plate-and-frame <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Manglik, R.M.; Muley, A.</p> <p>1995-12-31</p> <p>Effective <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchange is very critical for improving the process efficiency and operating economy of chemical and process plants. Here, experimental friction factor and <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer data for single-phase water flows in <span class="hlt">a</span> plate-and-frame <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger are presented. <span class="hlt">A</span> mixed chevron plate arrangement with {beta} = 30{degree}/60{degree} in <span class="hlt">a</span> single-pass U-type, counterflow configuration is employed. The friction factor and <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer data are for isothermal flow and cooling conditions, respectively, and the flow rates correspond to transition and turbulent flow regimes (300 < Re < 6,000 and 2.4 < Pr < <span class="hlt">4.5</span>). Based on these data, Nusselt number and frictionmore » factor correlations for fully developed turbulent flows (Re {ge} 1,000) are presented. The results highlight the effects of {beta} on the thermal-hydraulic performance, transition to turbulent flows, and the relative impact of using symmetric or mixed chevron plate arrangements.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ICRC....2..352W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ICRC....2..352W"><span>Interpreting anomalous electron pairs as new particle <span class="hlt">decays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wilczynski, Henryk</p> <p>1999-08-01</p> <p>In heavy particle <span class="hlt">decays</span> found in cosmic ray interactions recorded in the JACEE emulsion chambers, multiple electron pairs were previously reported. These pairs apparently originated from conversions of photons emitted in the <span class="hlt">decays</span>. It is difficult to explain the overall properties of these <span class="hlt">decays</span> in terms of known heavy particle <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes. <span class="hlt">A</span> recently published compilation of low-energy nuclear data suggests existence of excess electron pairs with invariant mass about 9 MeV/c2 , which may be explained by postulating <span class="hlt">a</span> new neutral boson <span class="hlt">decaying</span> into the electron pair. The feasibility of explaining the JACEE electron pairs with this hypothesis is presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29094038','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29094038"><span>Intracorporeal <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Distribution from Fully Implantable Energy Sources for Mechanical Circulatory Support: <span class="hlt">A</span> Computational Proof-of-Concept Study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Biasetti, Jacopo; Pustavoitau, Aliaksei; Spazzini, Pier Giorgio</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Mechanical circulatory support devices, such as total artificial hearts and left ventricular assist devices, rely on external energy sources for their continuous operation. Clinically approved power supplies rely on percutaneous cables connecting an external energy source to the implanted device with the associated risk of infections. One alternative, investigated in the 70s and 80s, employs <span class="hlt">a</span> fully implanted nuclear power source. The <span class="hlt">heat</span> generated by the nuclear <span class="hlt">decay</span> can be converted into electricity to power circulatory support devices. Due to the low conversion efficiencies, substantial levels of waste <span class="hlt">heat</span> are generated and must be dissipated to avoid tissue damage, <span class="hlt">heat</span> stroke, and death. The present work computationally evaluates the ability of the blood flow in the descending aorta to remove the locally generated waste <span class="hlt">heat</span> for subsequent full-body distribution and dissipation, with the specific aim of investigating methods for containment of local peak temperatures within physiologically acceptable limits. To this aim, coupled fluid-solid <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer computational models of the blood flow in the human aorta and different <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger architectures are developed. Particle tracking is used to evaluate temperature histories of cells passing through the <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger region. The use of the blood flow in the descending aorta as <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> sink proves to be <span class="hlt">a</span> viable approach for the removal of waste <span class="hlt">heat</span> loads. With the basic <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger design, blood thermal boundary layer temperatures exceed 50°C, possibly damaging blood cells and proteins. Improved designs of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger, with the addition of fins and <span class="hlt">heat</span> guides, allow for drastically lower blood temperatures, possibly leading to <span class="hlt">a</span> more biocompatible implant. The ability to maintain blood temperatures at biologically compatible levels will ultimately allow for the body-wise distribution, and subsequent dissipation, of <span class="hlt">heat</span> loads with minimum effects on the human physiology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5651526','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5651526"><span>Intracorporeal <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Distribution from Fully Implantable Energy Sources for Mechanical Circulatory Support: <span class="hlt">A</span> Computational Proof-of-Concept Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Biasetti, Jacopo; Pustavoitau, Aliaksei; Spazzini, Pier Giorgio</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Mechanical circulatory support devices, such as total artificial hearts and left ventricular assist devices, rely on external energy sources for their continuous operation. Clinically approved power supplies rely on percutaneous cables connecting an external energy source to the implanted device with the associated risk of infections. One alternative, investigated in the 70s and 80s, employs <span class="hlt">a</span> fully implanted nuclear power source. The <span class="hlt">heat</span> generated by the nuclear <span class="hlt">decay</span> can be converted into electricity to power circulatory support devices. Due to the low conversion efficiencies, substantial levels of waste <span class="hlt">heat</span> are generated and must be dissipated to avoid tissue damage, <span class="hlt">heat</span> stroke, and death. The present work computationally evaluates the ability of the blood flow in the descending aorta to remove the locally generated waste <span class="hlt">heat</span> for subsequent full-body distribution and dissipation, with the specific aim of investigating methods for containment of local peak temperatures within physiologically acceptable limits. To this aim, coupled fluid–solid <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer computational models of the blood flow in the human aorta and different <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger architectures are developed. Particle tracking is used to evaluate temperature histories of cells passing through the <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger region. The use of the blood flow in the descending aorta as <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> sink proves to be <span class="hlt">a</span> viable approach for the removal of waste <span class="hlt">heat</span> loads. With the basic <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger design, blood thermal boundary layer temperatures exceed 50°C, possibly damaging blood cells and proteins. Improved designs of the <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger, with the addition of fins and <span class="hlt">heat</span> guides, allow for drastically lower blood temperatures, possibly leading to <span class="hlt">a</span> more biocompatible implant. The ability to maintain blood temperatures at biologically compatible levels will ultimately allow for the body-wise distribution, and subsequent dissipation, of <span class="hlt">heat</span> loads with minimum effects on the human physiology. PMID:29094038</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887227','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887227"><span>Photosynthetic responses to <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatments at different temperatures and following recovery in grapevine (Vitis amurensis L.) leaves.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luo, Hai-Bo; Ma, Ling; Xi, Hui-Feng; Duan, Wei; Li, Shao-Hua; Loescher, Wayne; Wang, Jun-Fang; Wang, Li-Jun</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The electron transport chain, Rubisco and stomatal conductance are important in photosynthesis. Little is known about their combined responses to <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatment at different temperatures and following recovery in grapevines (Vitis spp.) which are often grown in climates with high temperatures. The electron transport function of photosystem II, the activation state of Rubisco and the influence of stomatal behavior were investigated in grapevine leaves during <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatments and following recovery. High temperature treatments included 35, 40 and <span class="hlt">45</span>°C, with 25°C as the control and recovery temperature. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> treatment at 35°C did not significantly (P>0.05) inhibit net photosynthetic rate (P(n)). However, with treatments at 40 and <span class="hlt">45</span>°C, P(n) was decreased, accompanied by an increase in substomatal CO(2) concentration (C(i)), decreases in stomatal conductance (g(s)) and the activation state of Rubisco, and inhibition of the donor side and the reaction center of PSII. The acceptor side of PSII was inhibited at <span class="hlt">45</span>°C but not at 40°C. When grape leaves recovered following <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatment, P(n), g(s) and the activation state of Rubisco also increased, and the donor side and the reaction center of PSII recovered. The increase in P(n) during the recovery period following the second <span class="hlt">45</span>°C stress was slower than that following the 40°C stress, and these increases corresponded to the donor side of PSII and the activation state of Rubisco. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> treatment at 35°C did not significantly (P>0.05) influence photosynthesis. The decrease of P(n) in grape leaves exposed to more severe <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress (40 or <span class="hlt">45</span>°C) was mainly attributed to three factors: the activation state of Rubisco, the donor side and the reaction center of PSII. However, the increase of P(n) in grape leaves following <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress was also associated with <span class="hlt">a</span> stomatal response. The acceptor side of PSII in grape leaves was responsive but less sensitive to <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AcAau.142..300Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AcAau.142..300Z"><span>Investigation of drag and <span class="hlt">heat</span> reduction induced by <span class="hlt">a</span> novel combinational lateral jet and spike concept in supersonic flows based on conjugate <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhu, Liang; Chen, Xiong; Li, Yingkun; Musa, Omer; Zhou, Changsheng</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>When flying at supersonic or hypersonic speeds through the air, the drag and severe <span class="hlt">heating</span> have <span class="hlt">a</span> great impact on the vehicles, thus the drag reduction and thermal protection studies have attracted worldwide attention. In the current study, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations coupled with the shear stress transport (SST) k - ω turbulence model have been employed to investigate the flow behavior induced by <span class="hlt">a</span> novel combinational lateral jet and spike concept in supersonic flows. <span class="hlt">A</span> coupling conjugate <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer (CHT) approach has been applied to investigate the thermal protection, which takes the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer of structure into consideration. After the code was validated by the available experimental results and the gird independency analysis was carried out, the influences of the spike length ratio, lateral jet pressure ratio and lateral jet location on the drag and <span class="hlt">heat</span> reduction performance are analyzed comprehensively. The obtained results show that <span class="hlt">a</span> remarkable reduction in the drag and <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux is achieved when <span class="hlt">a</span> lateral jet is added to the spike. This implies that the combinational lateral jet and spike concept in supersonic flows have <span class="hlt">a</span> great benefit to the drag and <span class="hlt">heat</span> reduction. Both the drag and <span class="hlt">heat</span> reduction decrease with the increase of the lateral jet pressure ratio, and the <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux is more sensitive to the lateral jet pressure ratio. The lateral jet should not be located in the bottom of the spike in order to realize better drag and <span class="hlt">heat</span> reduction performance. The drag and <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux could be reduced by about <span class="hlt">45</span>% by reasonable lateral jet location. The drag decreases with the increase of the spike length ratio whereas the <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux is affected by the spike length ratio just in <span class="hlt">a</span> certain range.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29277655','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29277655"><span>Phosphatidylinositol <span class="hlt">4,5</span>-bisphosphate, cholesterol, and fatty acids modulate the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16<span class="hlt">A</span> (ANO1).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>De Jesús-Pérez, José J; Cruz-Rangel, Silvia; Espino-Saldaña, Ángeles E; Martínez-Torres, Ataúlfo; Qu, Zhiqiang; Hartzell, H Criss; Corral-Fernandez, Nancy E; Pérez-Cornejo, Patricia; Arreola, Jorge</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The TMEM16<span class="hlt">A</span>-mediated Ca 2+ -activated Cl - current drives several important physiological functions. Membrane lipids regulate ion channels and transporters but their influence on members of the TMEM16 family is poorly understood. Here we have studied the regulation of TMEM16<span class="hlt">A</span> by phosphatidylinositol <span class="hlt">4,5</span>-bisphosphate (PI(<span class="hlt">4,5</span>)P2), cholesterol, and fatty acids using patch clamp, biochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. We found that depletion of membrane PI(<span class="hlt">4,5</span>)P2 causes <span class="hlt">a</span> decline in TMEM16<span class="hlt">A</span> current that is independent of cytoskeleton, but is partially prevented by removing intracellular Ca 2+ . On the other hand, supplying PI(<span class="hlt">4,5</span>)P2 to inside-out patches attenuated channel rundown and/or partially rescued activity after channel rundown. Also, depletion (with methyl-β-cyclodextrin M-βCD) or restoration (with M-βCD+cholesterol) of membrane cholesterol slows down the current <span class="hlt">decay</span> observed after reduction of PI(<span class="hlt">4,5</span>)P2. Neither depletion nor restoration of cholesterol change PI(<span class="hlt">4,5</span>)P2 content. However, M-βCD alone transiently increases TMEM16<span class="hlt">A</span> activity and dampens rundown whereas M-βCD+cholesterol increases channel rundown. Thus, PI(<span class="hlt">4,5</span>)P2 is required for TMEM16<span class="hlt">A</span> function while cholesterol directly and indirectly via <span class="hlt">a</span> PI(<span class="hlt">4,5</span>)P2-independent mechanism regulate channel function. Stearic, arachidonic, oleic, docosahexaenoic, and eicosapentaenoic fatty acids as well as methyl stearate inhibit TMEM16<span class="hlt">A</span> in <span class="hlt">a</span> dose- and voltage-dependent manner. Phosphatidylserine, <span class="hlt">a</span> phospholipid whose hydrocarbon tails contain stearic and oleic acids also inhibits TMEM16<span class="hlt">A</span>. Finally, we show that TMEM16<span class="hlt">A</span> remains in the plasma membrane after treatment with M-βCD, M-βCD+cholesterol, oleic, or docosahexaenoic acids. Thus, we propose that lipids and fatty acids regulate TMEM16<span class="hlt">A</span> channels through <span class="hlt">a</span> membrane-delimited protein-lipid interaction. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23005613','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23005613"><span>Combined search for the standard model Higgs boson <span class="hlt">decaying</span> to <span class="hlt">a</span> bb pair using the full CDF data set.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aaltonen, T; Álvarez González, B; Amerio, S; Amidei, D; Anastassov, A; Annovi, A; Antos, J; Apollinari, G; Appel, J A; Arisawa, T; Artikov, A; Asaadi, J; Ashmanskas, W; Auerbach, B; Aurisano, A; Azfar, F; Badgett, W; Bae, T; Barbaro-Galtieri, A; Barnes, V E; Barnett, B A; Barria, P; Bartos, P; Bauce, M; Bedeschi, F; Behari, S; Bellettini, G; Bellinger, J; Benjamin, D; Beretvas, A; Bhatti, A; Binkley, M E; Bisello, D; Bizjak, I; Bland, K R; Blumenfeld, B; Bocci, A; Bodek, A; Bortoletto, D; Boudreau, J; Boveia, A; Brigliadori, L; Bromberg, C; Brucken, E; Budagov, J; Budd, H S; Burkett, K; Busetto, G; Bussey, P; Buzatu, A; Calamba, A; Calancha, C; Camarda, S; Campanelli, M; Campbell, M; Canelli, F; Carls, B; Carlsmith, D; Carosi, R; Carrillo, S; Carron, S; Casal, B; Casarsa, M; Castro, A; Catastini, P; Cauz, D; Cavaliere, V; Cavalli-Sforza, M; Cerri, A; Cerrito, L; Chen, Y C; Chertok, M; Chiarelli, G; Chlachidze, G; Chlebana, F; Cho, K; Chokheli, D; Chung, W H; Chung, Y S; Ciocci, M A; Clark, A; Clarke, C; Compostella, G; Convery, M E; Conway, J; Corbo, M; Cordelli, M; Cox, C A; Cox, D J; Crescioli, F; Cuevas, J; Culbertson, R; Dagenhart, D; d'Ascenzo, N; Datta, M; de Barbaro, P; Dell'Orso, M; Demortier, L; Deninno, M; Devoto, F; d'Errico, M; Di Canto, A; Di Ruzza, B; Dittmann, J R; D'Onofrio, M; Donati, S; Dong, P; Dorigo, M; Dorigo, T; Ebina, K; Elagin, A; Eppig, A; Erbacher, R; Errede, S; Ershaidat, N; Eusebi, R; Farrington, S; Feindt, M; Fernandez, J P; Ferrazza, C; Field, R; Flanagan, G; Forrest, R; Frank, M J; Franklin, M; Freeman, J C; Funakoshi, Y; Furic, I; Gallinaro, M; Garcia, J E; Garfinkel, A F; Garosi, P; Gerberich, H; Gerchtein, E; Giagu, S; Giakoumopoulou, V; Giannetti, P; Gibson, K; Ginsburg, C M; Giokaris, N; Giromini, P; Giurgiu, G; Glagolev, V; Glenzinski, D; Gold, M; Goldin, D; Goldschmidt, N; Golossanov, A; Gomez, G; Gomez-Ceballos, G; Goncharov, M; González, O; Gorelov, I; Goshaw, A T; Goulianos, K; Grinstein, S; Grosso-Pilcher, C; Group, R C; Guimaraes da Costa, J; Hahn, S R; Halkiadakis, E; Hamaguchi, A; Han, J Y; Happacher, F; Hara, K; Hare, D; Hare, M; Harr, R F; Hatakeyama, K; Hays, C; Heck, M; Heinrich, J; Herndon, M; Hewamanage, S; Hocker, A; Hopkins, W; Horn, D; Hou, S; Hughes, R E; Hurwitz, M; Husemann, U; Hussain, N; Hussein, M; Huston, J; Introzzi, G; Iori, M; Ivanov, A; James, E; Jang, D; Jayatilaka, B; Jeans, D T; Jeon, E J; Jindariani, S; Jones, M; Joo, K K; Jun, S Y; Junk, T R; Kamon, T; Karchin, P E; Kasmi, A; Kato, Y; Ketchum, W; Keung, J; Khotilovich, V; Kilminster, B; Kim, D H; Kim, H S; Kim, J E; Kim, M J; Kim, S B; Kim, S H; Kim, Y K; Kim, Y J; Kimura, N; Kirby, M; Klimenko, S; Knoepfel, K; Kondo, K; Kong, D J; Konigsberg, J; Kotwal, A V; Kreps, M; Kroll, J; Krop, D; Kruse, M; Krutelyov, V; Kuhr, T; Kurata, M; Kwang, S; Laasanen, A T; Lami, S; Lammel, S; Lancaster, M; Lander, R L; Lannon, K; Lath, A; Latino, G; LeCompte, T; Lee, E; Lee, H S; Lee, J S; Lee, S W; Leo, S; Leone, S; Lewis, J D; Limosani, A; Lin, C-J; Lindgren, M; Lipeles, E; Lister, A; Litvintsev, D O; Liu, C; Liu, H; Liu, Q; Liu, T; Lockwitz, S; Loginov, A; Lucchesi, D; Lueck, J; Lujan, P; Lukens, P; Lungu, G; Lys, J; Lysak, R; Madrak, R; Maeshima, K; Maestro, P; Malik, S; Manca, G; Manousakis-Katsikakis, A; Margaroli, F; Marino, C; Martínez, M; Mastrandrea, P; Matera, K; Mattson, M E; Mazzacane, A; Mazzanti, P; McFarland, K S; McIntyre, P; McNulty, R; Mehta, A; Mehtala, P; Mesropian, C; Miao, T; Mietlicki, D; Mitra, A; Miyake, H; Moed, S; Moggi, N; Mondragon, M N; Moon, C S; Moore, R; Morello, M J; Morlock, J; Movilla Fernandez, P; Mukherjee, A; Muller, Th; Murat, P; Mussini, M; Nachtman, J; Nagai, Y; Naganoma, J; Nakano, I; Napier, A; Nett, J; Neu, C; Neubauer, M S; Nielsen, J; Nodulman, L; Noh, S Y; Norniella, O; Oakes, L; Oh, S H; Oh, Y D; Oksuzian, I; Okusawa, T; Orava, R; Ortolan, L; Pagan Griso, S; Pagliarone, C; Palencia, E; Papadimitriou, V; Paramonov, A A; Patrick, J; Pauletta, G; Paulini, M; Paus, C; Pellett, D E; Penzo, A; Phillips, T J; Piacentino, G; Pianori, E; Pilot, J; Pitts, K; Plager, C; Pondrom, L; Poprocki, S; Potamianos, K; Prokoshin, F; Pranko, A; Ptohos, F; Punzi, G; Rahaman, A; Ramakrishnan, V; Ranjan, N; Redondo, I; Renton, P; Rescigno, M; Riddick, T; Rimondi, F; Ristori, L; Robson, A; Rodrigo, T; Rodriguez, T; Rogers, E; Rolli, S; Roser, R; Ruffini, F; Ruiz, A; Russ, J; Rusu, V; Safonov, A; Sakumoto, W K; Sakurai, Y; Santi, L; Sato, K; Saveliev, V; Savoy-Navarro, A; Schlabach, P; Schmidt, A; Schmidt, E E; Schwarz, T; Scodellaro, L; Scribano, A; Scuri, F; Seidel, S; Seiya, Y; Semenov, A; Sforza, F; Shalhout, S Z; Shears, T; Shepard, P F; Shimojima, M; Shochet, M; Shreyber-Tecker, I; Simonenko, A; Sinervo, P; Sliwa, K; Smith, J R; Snider, F D; Soha, A; Sorin, V; Song, H; Squillacioti, P; Stancari, M; St Denis, R; Stelzer, B; Stelzer-Chilton, O; Stentz, D; Strologas, J; Strycker, G L; Sudo, Y; Sukhanov, A; Suslov, I; Takemasa, K; Takeuchi, Y; Tang, J; Tecchio, M; Teng, P K; Thom, J; Thome, J; Thompson, G A; Thomson, E; Tipton, P; Toback, D; Tokar, S; Tollefson, K; Tomura, T; Tonelli, D; Torre, S; Torretta, D; Totaro, P; Trovato, M; Ukegawa, F; Uozumi, S; Varganov, A; Vázquez, F; Velev, G; Vellidis, C; Vidal, M; Vila, I; Vilar, R; Vizán, J; Vogel, M; Volpi, G; Wagner, P; Wagner, R L; Wakisaka, T; Wallny, R; Wang, S M; Warburton, A; Waters, D; Wester, W C; Whiteson, D; Wicklund, A B; Wicklund, E; Wilbur, S; Wick, F; Williams, H H; Wilson, J S; Wilson, P; Winer, B L; Wittich, P; Wolbers, S; Wolfe, H; Wright, T; Wu, X; Wu, Z; Yamamoto, K; Yamato, D; Yang, T; Yang, U K; Yang, Y C; Yao, W-M; Yeh, G P; Yi, K; Yoh, J; Yorita, K; Yoshida, T; Yu, G B; Yu, I; Yu, S S; Yun, J C; Zanetti, A; Zeng, Y; Zhou, C; Zucchelli, S</p> <p>2012-09-14</p> <p>We combine the results of searches for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson based on the full CDF Run II data set obtained from sqrt[s]=1.96  TeV pp collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.<span class="hlt">45</span>  fb(-1). The searches are conducted for Higgs bosons that are produced in association with <span class="hlt">a</span> W or Z boson, have masses in the range 90-150  GeV/c(2), and <span class="hlt">decay</span> into bb pairs. An excess of data is present that is inconsistent with the background prediction at the level of 2.5 standard deviations (the most significant local excess is 2.7 standard deviations).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5512780-weak-decay-hypernuclei','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5512780-weak-decay-hypernuclei"><span>Weak <span class="hlt">decay</span> of hypernuclei</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Grace, R.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>The Moby Dick spectrometer (at BNL) in coincidence with <span class="hlt">a</span> range spectrometer and <span class="hlt">a</span> TOF neutron detector will be used to study the weak <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes of /sup 12/C. The Moby Dick spectrometer will be used to reconstruct and tag events in which specific hypernuclear states are formed in the reaction K/sup -/ + /sup 12/C ..-->.. ..pi../sup -/ + /sup 12/C. Subsequent emission of <span class="hlt">decay</span> products (pions, protons and neutrons) in coincidence with the fast forward pion will be detected in <span class="hlt">a</span> time and range spectrometer, and <span class="hlt">a</span> neutron detector.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22663360-decay-solar-wind-turbulence-behind-interplanetary-shocks','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22663360-decay-solar-wind-turbulence-behind-interplanetary-shocks"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> of Solar Wind Turbulence behind Interplanetary Shocks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Pitňa, Alexander; Šafránková, Jana; Němeček, Zdeněk</p> <p></p> <p>We investigate the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of magnetic and kinetic energies behind IP shocks with motivation to find <span class="hlt">a</span> relaxation time when downstream turbulence reaches <span class="hlt">a</span> usual solar wind value. We start with <span class="hlt">a</span> case study that introduces computation techniques and quantifies <span class="hlt">a</span> contribution of kinetic fluctuations to the general energy balance. This part of the study is based on high-time (31 ms) resolution plasma data provided by the Spektr-R spacecraft. On the other hand, <span class="hlt">a</span> statistical part is based on 92 s Wind plasma and magnetic data and its results confirm theoretically established <span class="hlt">decay</span> laws for kinetic and magnetic energies. Wemore » observe the power-law behavior of the energy <span class="hlt">decay</span> profiles and we estimated the power-law exponents of both kinetic and magnetic energy <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates as −1.2. We found that the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of MHD turbulence does not start immediately after the IP shock ramp and we suggest that the proper <span class="hlt">decay</span> of turbulence begins when <span class="hlt">a</span> contribution of the kinetic processes becomes negligible. We support this suggestion with <span class="hlt">a</span> detailed analysis of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of turbulence at the kinetic scale.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006HyPr...20.3825W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006HyPr...20.3825W"><span>Power function <span class="hlt">decay</span> of hydraulic conductivity for <span class="hlt">a</span> TOPMODEL-based infiltration routine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Jun; Endreny, Theodore A.; Hassett, James M.</p> <p>2006-11-01</p> <p>TOPMODEL rainfall-runoff hydrologic concepts are based on soil saturation processes, where soil controls on hydrograph recession have been represented by linear, exponential, and power function <span class="hlt">decay</span> with soil depth. Although these <span class="hlt">decay</span> formulations have been incorporated into baseflow <span class="hlt">decay</span> and topographic index computations, only the linear and exponential forms have been incorporated into infiltration subroutines. This study develops <span class="hlt">a</span> power function formulation of the Green and Ampt infiltration equation for the case where the power n = 1 and 2. This new function was created to represent field measurements in the New York City, USA, Ward Pound Ridge drinking water supply area, and provide support for similar sites reported by other researchers. Derivation of the power-function-based Green and Ampt model begins with the Green and Ampt formulation used by Beven in deriving an exponential <span class="hlt">decay</span> model. Differences between the linear, exponential, and power function infiltration scenarios are sensitive to the relative difference between rainfall rates and hydraulic conductivity. Using <span class="hlt">a</span> low-frequency 30 min design storm with 4.8 cm h-1 rain, the n = 2 power function formulation allows for <span class="hlt">a</span> faster <span class="hlt">decay</span> of infiltration and more rapid generation of runoff. Infiltration excess runoff is rare in most forested watersheds, and advantages of the power function infiltration routine may primarily include replication of field-observed processes in urbanized areas and numerical consistency with power function <span class="hlt">decay</span> of baseflow and topographic index distributions. Equation development is presented within <span class="hlt">a</span> TOPMODEL-based Ward Pound Ridge rainfall-runoff simulation. Copyright</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3602033','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3602033"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> novel system for in situ determination of <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance of plants: first results on alpine dwarf shrubs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Background <span class="hlt">Heat</span> stress and <span class="hlt">heat</span> damage to plants gain globally increasing importance for crop production and plant survival in endangered habitats. Therefore the knowledge of <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance of plants is of great interest. As many <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance measurement procedures require detachment of plants and protocols expose samples to various <span class="hlt">heat</span> temperatures in darkness, the ecological relevance of such results may be doubted. To overcome these constraints we designed <span class="hlt">a</span> novel field compatible <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Tolerance Testing System (HTTS) that opens the opportunity to induce controlled <span class="hlt">heat</span> stress on plants in situ under full natural solar irradiation. Subsequently, <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance can be evaluated by <span class="hlt">a</span> variety of standard viability assays like the electrolyte leakage test, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements and visual assessment methods. Furthermore, recuperation can be studied under natural environmental conditions which is impossible when detached plant material is used. First results obtained on three alpine dwarf - shrubs are presented. Results When <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance of Vaccinium gaultherioides Bigelow was tested with the HTTS in situ, the visual assessment of leaves showed 50% <span class="hlt">heat</span> injury (LT50) at 48.3°C, while on detached leaves where <span class="hlt">heat</span> exposure took place in small <span class="hlt">heat</span> chambers this already happened at <span class="hlt">45</span>.8°C. Natural solar irradiation being applied during <span class="hlt">heat</span> exposure in the HTTS had significantly protective effects: In Loiseleuria procumbens L. (Desv.), if <span class="hlt">heat</span> exposure (in situ) took place in darkness, leaf <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance was 50.6°C. In contrast, when <span class="hlt">heat</span> exposure was conducted under full natural solar irradiation <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance was increased to 53.1°C. In Rhododendron ferrugineum L. <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance of leaves was 42.5°C if the exposure took place ex situ and in darkness, while it was significantly increased to <span class="hlt">45</span>.8°C when this happened in situ under natural solar irradiation. Conclusions The results obtained with the HTTS tested in the field indicate <span class="hlt">a</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JHEP...11..028D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JHEP...11..028D"><span>Tunneling <span class="hlt">decay</span> of false vortices with gravitation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dupuis, Éric; Gobeil, Yan; Lee, Bum-Hoon; Lee, Wonwoo; MacKenzie, Richard; Paranjape, Manu B.; Yajnik, Urjit A.; Yeom, Dong-han</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>We study the effect of vortices on the tunneling <span class="hlt">decay</span> of <span class="hlt">a</span> symmetry-breaking false vacuum in three spacetime dimensions with gravity. The scenario considered is one in which the initial state, rather than being the homogeneous false vacuum, contains false vortices. The question addressed is whether, and, if so, under which circumstances, the presence of vortices has <span class="hlt">a</span> significant catalyzing effect on vacuum <span class="hlt">decay</span>. After studying the existence and properties of vortices, we study their <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate through quantum tunneling using <span class="hlt">a</span> variety of techniques. In particular, for so-called thin-wall vortices we devise <span class="hlt">a</span> one-parameter family of configurations allowing <span class="hlt">a</span> quantum-mechanical calculation of tunneling. Also for thin-wall vortices, we employ the Israel junction conditions between the interior and exterior spacetimes. Matching these two spacetimes reveals <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">decay</span> channel which results in an unstable, expanding vortex. We find that the tunneling exponent for vortices, which is the dominant factor in the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate, is half that for Coleman-de Luccia bubbles. This implies that vortices are short-lived, making them cosmologically significant even for low vortex densities. In the limit of the vanishing gravitational constant we smoothly recover our earlier results for the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the false vortex in <span class="hlt">a</span> model without gravity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1352587','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1352587"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> of Bogoliubov excitations in one-dimensional Bose gases</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ristivojevic, Zoran; Matveev, K. A.</p> <p></p> <p>For this research, we study the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of Bogoliubov quasiparticles in one-dimensional Bose gases. Starting from the hydrodynamic Hamiltonian, we develop <span class="hlt">a</span> microscopic theory that enables one to systematically study both the excitations and their <span class="hlt">decay</span>. At zero temperature, the leading mechanism of <span class="hlt">decay</span> of <span class="hlt">a</span> quasiparticle is disintegration into three others. We find that low-energy quasiparticles (phonons) <span class="hlt">decay</span> with the rate that scales with the seventh power of momentum, whereas the rate of <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the high-energy quasiparticles does not depend on momentum. In addition, our approach allows us to study analytically the quasiparticle <span class="hlt">decay</span> in the whole crossovermore » region between the two limiting cases. When applied to integrable models, including the Lieb-Liniger model of bosons with contact repulsion, our theory confirms the absence of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of quasiparticle excitations. Finally, we account for two types of integrability-breaking perturbations that enable finite <span class="hlt">decay</span>: three-body interaction between the bosons and two-body interaction of finite range.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1352587-decay-bogoliubov-excitations-one-dimensional-bose-gases','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1352587-decay-bogoliubov-excitations-one-dimensional-bose-gases"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> of Bogoliubov excitations in one-dimensional Bose gases</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Ristivojevic, Zoran; Matveev, K. A.</p> <p>2016-07-11</p> <p>For this research, we study the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of Bogoliubov quasiparticles in one-dimensional Bose gases. Starting from the hydrodynamic Hamiltonian, we develop <span class="hlt">a</span> microscopic theory that enables one to systematically study both the excitations and their <span class="hlt">decay</span>. At zero temperature, the leading mechanism of <span class="hlt">decay</span> of <span class="hlt">a</span> quasiparticle is disintegration into three others. We find that low-energy quasiparticles (phonons) <span class="hlt">decay</span> with the rate that scales with the seventh power of momentum, whereas the rate of <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the high-energy quasiparticles does not depend on momentum. In addition, our approach allows us to study analytically the quasiparticle <span class="hlt">decay</span> in the whole crossovermore » region between the two limiting cases. When applied to integrable models, including the Lieb-Liniger model of bosons with contact repulsion, our theory confirms the absence of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of quasiparticle excitations. Finally, we account for two types of integrability-breaking perturbations that enable finite <span class="hlt">decay</span>: three-body interaction between the bosons and two-body interaction of finite range.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24784844','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24784844"><span>Force <span class="hlt">decay</span> evaluation of thermoplastic and thermoset elastomeric chains: <span class="hlt">A</span> mechanical design comparison.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Masoud, Ahmed I; Tsay, T Peter; BeGole, Ellen; Bedran-Russo, Ana K</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>To compare the following over <span class="hlt">a</span> period of 8 weeks: (1) force <span class="hlt">decay</span> between thermoplastic (TP) and thermoset (TS) elastomeric chains; (2) force <span class="hlt">decay</span> between light (200-g) and heavy (350-g) initial forces; and (3) force <span class="hlt">decay</span> between direct chains and chain loops (stretched from one pin around the second pin and back to the first pin). TP and TS chains were obtained from American Orthodontics™ (AOTP, AOTS) and ORMCO™ (OrTP, OrTS). Each of the four chain groups was subdivided into four subgroups with 10 specimens per subgroup: (1) direct chains light force, (2) direct chains heavy force, (3) chain loops light force, and (4) chain loops heavy force. The experiment was performed in artificial saliva (pH of 6.75) at 37°C. <span class="hlt">A</span> significant difference was found between TP and TS chains, with an average mean difference of around 20% more force <span class="hlt">decay</span> found in the TP chains (P < .001, α  =  .05). There was no significant difference between direct chains and chain loops except in OrTP, in which direct chains showed more force <span class="hlt">decay</span>. There was also no significant difference in force <span class="hlt">decay</span> identified when using light vs heavy forces. TS chains <span class="hlt">decayed</span> less than TP chains, and chain loop retraction was beneficial only when using OrTP chains. Contrary to the interchangeable use of TP and TS chains in the published literature and in clinical practice, this study demonstrates that they perform differently under stress and that <span class="hlt">a</span> clear distinction should be made between the two.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMNG12A..07L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMNG12A..07L"><span>Mixing in heterogeneous internally-<span class="hlt">heated</span> convection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Limare, A.; Kaminski, E. C.; Jaupart, C. P.; Farnetani, C. G.; Fourel, L.; Froment, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Past laboratory experiments of thermo chemical convection have dealt with systems involving fluids with different intrinsic densities and viscosities in <span class="hlt">a</span> Rayleigh-Bénard setup. Although these experiments have greatly improved our understanding of the Earth's mantle dynamics, they neglect <span class="hlt">a</span> fundamental component of planetary convection: internal <span class="hlt">heat</span> sources. We have developed <span class="hlt">a</span> microwave-based method in order to study convection and mixing in systems involving two layers of fluid with different densities, viscosities, and internal <span class="hlt">heat</span> production rates. Our innovative laboratory experiments are appropriate for the early Earth, when the lowermost mantle was likely enriched in incompatible and <span class="hlt">heat</span> producing elements and when the <span class="hlt">heat</span> flux from the core probably accounted for <span class="hlt">a</span> small fraction of the mantle <span class="hlt">heat</span> budget. They are also relevant to the present-day mantle if one considers that radioactive <span class="hlt">decay</span> and secular cooling contribute both to internal <span class="hlt">heating</span>. Our goal is to quantify how two fluid layers mix, which is still very difficult to resolve accurately in 3-D numerical calculations. Viscosities and microwave absorptions are tuned to achieve high values of the Rayleigh-Roberts and Prandtl numbers relevant for planetary convection. We start from <span class="hlt">a</span> stably stratified system where the lower layer has higher internal <span class="hlt">heat</span> production and density than the upper layer. Due to mixing, the amount of enriched material gradually decreases to zero over <span class="hlt">a</span> finite time called the lifetime. Based on more than 30 experiments, we have derived <span class="hlt">a</span> scaling law that relates the lifetime of an enriched reservoir to the layer thickness ratio, <span class="hlt">a</span>, to the density and viscosity contrasts between the two layers, and to their two different internal <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates in the form of an enrichment factor beta=1+2*<span class="hlt">a</span>*H1/H, where H1 is the <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate of the lower fluid and H is the average <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate. We find that the lifetime of the lower enriched reservoir varies as beta**(-7/3) in the low</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJA...53..189S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJA...53..189S"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> properties of 256-339Ds superheavy nuclei</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Santhosh, K. P.; Nithya, C.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">decay</span> properties of 84 isotopes of darmstadtium superheavy nuclei ( Z = 110) have been studied using various theoretical models. The proton emission half-lives, the alpha <span class="hlt">decay</span> half-lives, the spontaneous fission half-lives and the cluster <span class="hlt">decay</span> half-lives of all the isotopes are evaluated. The one-proton emission half-lives and the alpha <span class="hlt">decay</span> half-lives are predicted using the Coulomb and proximity potential model for deformed nuclei (CPPMDN). The calculated alpha half-lives are compared with the available experimental results as well as with the predictions of other theoretical models. The predicted half-lives matches well with the experimental results. The one-proton half-lives are also compared with the predictions using other formalisms. The shell-effect-dependent formula of Santhosh et al. has been employed for calculating the spontaneous fission half-lives. <span class="hlt">A</span> theoretical comparison of spontaneous fission half-lives with four different formalisms is performed. By comparing the one-proton emission half-lives, the alpha <span class="hlt">decay</span> half-lives and the spontaneous fission half-lives <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes are predicted for all the isotopes of Ds. It is seen that the isotopes within the range 256 ≤ <span class="hlt">A</span> ≤ 263 and 279 ≤ <span class="hlt">A</span> ≤ 339 <span class="hlt">decay</span> through spontaneous fission and the isotopes 264 ≤ <span class="hlt">A</span> ≤ 278 exhibit alpha <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Cluster <span class="hlt">decay</span> half-lives are calculated using different models including the Coulomb and proximity potential (CPPM), for determining the magicities in the superheavy region. The effect of magicity at N = 184 and N = 202 were confirmed from the plot of log_{10}T_{1/2} versus neutron number of the daughter nuclei for the emission of different clusters. We hope that the systematic and detailed study of all the possible <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes of 256-339Ds using various theoretical models will be helpful in the experimental identification of the isotopes of the element in the future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/5748','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/5748"><span>Inhibition of <span class="hlt">decay</span> fungi using cotton cellulose hydrolysis as <span class="hlt">a</span> model for wood <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Frederick Green</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Environmental pressures to replace chromium and arsenic in fixed waterborne preservatives have been increasing. Potential inhibitors of brown-, white- and soft-rot fungi need to be evaluated as alternative preservatives by screening and testing in, in vitro model systems. This paper reports the inhibition of cellulose depolymerization and weight loss of selected <span class="hlt">decay</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767867','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767867"><span>Mitigation of radon and thoron <span class="hlt">decay</span> products by filtration.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Jin; Meisenberg, Oliver; Chen, Yongheng; Karg, Erwin; Tschiersch, Jochen</p> <p>2011-09-01</p> <p>Inhalation of indoor radon ((222)Rn) and thoron ((220)Rn) <span class="hlt">decay</span> products is the most important source of exposure to ionizing radiation for the human respiratory tract. Decreasing ventilation rates due to energy saving reasons in new buildings suggest additional active mitigation techniques to reduce the exposure in homes with high radon and thoron concentrations but poor ventilation. Filtration techniques with HEPA filters and simple surgical mask material have been tested for their potential to reduce the indoor exposure in terms of the total effective dose for mixed radon and thoron indoor atmospheres. The tests were performed inside an experimental room providing stable conditions. Filtration (at filtration rates of 0.2 h(-1) and larger) removes attached radon and thoron <span class="hlt">decay</span> products effectively but indoor aerosol as well. Therefore the concentration of unattached <span class="hlt">decay</span> products (which have <span class="hlt">a</span> higher dose coefficient) may increase. The decrease of the attached <span class="hlt">decay</span> product concentrations could be theoretically described by <span class="hlt">a</span> slowly decreasing exponential process. For attached radon <span class="hlt">decay</span> products, it exhibited <span class="hlt">a</span> faster but weaker removal process compared to attached thoron <span class="hlt">decay</span> products (-70% for attached radon <span class="hlt">decay</span> products and -80% for attached thoron <span class="hlt">decay</span> products at <span class="hlt">a</span> filtration rate of 0.5 h(-1) with an HEPA filter). The concentration of unattached thoron <span class="hlt">decay</span> products increased distinctly during the filtration process (+300%) while that of unattached radon <span class="hlt">decay</span> products rose only slightly though at <span class="hlt">a</span> much higher level (+17%). In the theoretical description these observed differences could be attributed to the different half-lives of the nuclides. Considering both effects, reduced attached and increased unattached <span class="hlt">decay</span> product concentrations, filtration could significantly decrease the total effective dose from thoron whereas the overall effect on radon dose is small. <span class="hlt">A</span> permanent filtration is recommended because of the slow decrease of the thoron</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhS.115..242Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhS.115..242Z"><span>Search for CP violation in hyperon <span class="hlt">decays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zyla, Piotr; Chan, A.; Chen, Y. C.; Ho, C.; Teng, P. K.; Choong, W. S.; Gidal, G.; Fu, Y.; Gu, P.; Jones, T.; Luk, K. B.; Turko, B.; Zyla, P.; James, C.; Volk, J.; Felix, J.; Burnstein, R. A.; Chakrovorty, A.; Kaplan, D. M.; Lederman, L. M.; Luebke, W.; Rajaram, D.; Rubin, H. A.; Solomey, N.; Torun, Y.; White, C. G.; White, S. L.; Leros, N.; Perroud, J. P.; Gustafson, H. R.; Longo, M. J.; Lopez, F.; Park, H. K.; Clark, K.; Jenkins, M.; Dukes, E. C.; Durandet, C.; Holmstrom, T.; Huang, M.; Lu, L.; Nelson, K. S.</p> <p>2003-02-01</p> <p>Direct CP violation in nonleptonic hyperon <span class="hlt">decays</span> can be established by comparing the <span class="hlt">decays</span> of hyperons and anti-hyperons. For Ξ <span class="hlt">decay</span> to Λπ followed by Λ to pπ, the proton distribution in the rest frame of Lambda is governed by the product of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> parameters αΞαΛ. The asymmetry ΛΞΛ, proportional to the difference of αΞαΛ of the hyperon and anti-hyperon <span class="hlt">decays</span>, vanishes if CP is conserved. We report on an analysis of <span class="hlt">a</span> fraction of 1997 and 1999 data collected by the HyperCP (E871) collaboration during the fixed-target runs at Fermilab. The preliminary measurement of the assymmetry is AΞΛ = [-7±12(stat)±6.2(sys)] × 10 -4, an order of magnitude better than the present limit.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/4425','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/4425"><span>Tree <span class="hlt">decay</span> an expanded concept</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Alex L. Shigo</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>This publication is the final one in <span class="hlt">a</span> series on tree <span class="hlt">decay</span> developed in cooperation with Harold G. Marx, Research Application Staff Assistant, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C. The purpose of this publication is to clarify further the tree <span class="hlt">decay</span> concept that expands the classical concept to include the orderly response of the tree to...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AAS...21710902F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AAS...21710902F"><span>Shock-Bubble <span class="hlt">Heating</span> of the Intracluster Medium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Friedman, Samuel H.; Heinz, S.; Churazov, E.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Active galactic nuclei (AGN) Feedback via extragalactic jets requires <span class="hlt">a</span> thermalization of the energy injected into the intracluster medium (ICM) in order for energy feedback to occur. Heinz and Churazov (2005) proposed <span class="hlt">a</span> method using shock waves and previously inflated bubbles in the ICM to extract energy from the shock waves and turn the energy into rotational kinetic energy. This energy would <span class="hlt">decay</span> and allow <span class="hlt">heating</span> to occur elsewhere throughout the galaxy cluster. In this paper, we extend to three dimensions (3D) the previous work using hydrodynamic simulations. We also compare our results to previous related work done performed experimentally.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1092144','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1092144"><span>THE EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN, TRITIUM, AND <span class="hlt">HEAT</span> TREATMENT ON THE DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Morgan, M.; Tosten, M.; Chapman, G.</p> <p>2013-09-06</p> <p>The deformation and fracture toughness properties of forged stainless steels pre-charged with tritium were compared to the deformation and fracture toughness properties of the same steels <span class="hlt">heat</span> treated at 773 K or 873 K and precharged with hydrogen. Forged stainless steels pre-charged with tritium exhibit an aging effect: Fracture toughness values decrease with aging time after precharging because of the increase in concentration of helium from tritium <span class="hlt">decay</span>. This study shows that forged stainless steels given <span class="hlt">a</span> prior <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatment and then pre-charged with hydrogen also exhibit an aging effect: Fracture toughness values decrease with increasing time at temperature. Amore » microstructural analysis showed that the fracture toughness reduction in the <span class="hlt">heat</span>-treated steels was due to patches of recrystallized grains that form within the forged matrix during the <span class="hlt">heat</span> treatment. The combination of hydrogen and the patches of recrystallized grains resulted in more deformation twinning. Heavy deformation twinning on multiple slip planes was typical for the hydrogen-charged samples; whereas, in the non-charged samples, less twinning was observed and was generally limited to one slip plane. Similar effects occur in tritium pre-charged steels, but the deformation twinning is brought on by the hardening associated with <span class="hlt">decay</span> helium bubbles in the microstructure.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1234894-exotic-decays-heavy-quarks','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1234894-exotic-decays-heavy-quarks"><span>Exotic <span class="hlt">decays</span> of heavy B quarks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Fox, Patrick J.; Tucker-Smith, David</p> <p>2016-01-08</p> <p>Heavy vector-like quarks of charge –1/3, B, have been searched for at the LHC through the <span class="hlt">decays</span> B → bZ, bh, tW. In models where the B quark also carries charge under <span class="hlt">a</span> new gauge group, new <span class="hlt">decay</span> channels may dominate. We focus on the case where the B is charged under <span class="hlt">a</span> U(1)' and describe simple models where the dominant <span class="hlt">decay</span> mode is B → bZ' → b(bb¯¯). With the inclusion of dark matter such models can explain the excess of gamma rays from the Galactic center. We develop <span class="hlt">a</span> search strategy for this <span class="hlt">decay</span> chain and estimate thatmore » with integrated luminosity of 300 fb –1 the LHC will have the potential to discover both the B and the Z' for B quarks with mass below ~ 1.6 TeV, for <span class="hlt">a</span> broad range of Z' masses. Furthermore, <span class="hlt">a</span> high-luminosity run can extend this reach to 2 TeV.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS1023a2032A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS1023a2032A"><span>Double Charge Exchange Reactions and Double Beta <span class="hlt">Decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Auerbach, N.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The subject of this presentation is at the forefront of nuclear physics, namely double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span>. In particular one is most interested in the neutrinoless process of double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span>, when the <span class="hlt">decay</span> proceeds without the emission of two neutrinos. The observation of such <span class="hlt">decay</span> would mean that the lepton conservation symmetry is violated and that the neutrinos are of Majorana type, meaning that they are their own anti-particles. The life time of this process has two unknowns, the mass of the neutrino and the nuclear matrix element. Determining the nuclear matrix element and knowing the cross-section well will set limits on the neutrino mass. There is <span class="hlt">a</span> concentrated effort among the nuclear physics community to calculate this matrix element. Usually these matrix elements are <span class="hlt">a</span> very small part of the total strength of the transition operators involved in the process. There is no simple way to “calibrate” the nuclear double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> matrix element. The double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> is <span class="hlt">a</span> double charge exchange process, therefore it is proposed that double charge exchange reactions using ion projectiles on nuclei that are candidates for double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span>, will provide additional necessary information about the nuclear matrix elements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688415','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688415"><span>Large <span class="hlt">heat</span> capacity change in <span class="hlt">a</span> protein-monovalent cation interaction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Guinto, E R; Di Cera, E</p> <p>1996-07-09</p> <p>Current views about protein-ligand interactions state that electrostatic forces drive the binding of charged species and that burial of hydrophobic and polar surfaces controls the <span class="hlt">heat</span> capacity change associated with the reaction. For the interaction of <span class="hlt">a</span> protein with <span class="hlt">a</span> monovalent cation the electrostatic components are expected to be significant due to the ionic nature of the ligand, whereas the <span class="hlt">heat</span> capacity change is expected to be small due to the size of the surface area involved in the recognition event. The physiologically important interaction of Na+ with thrombin was studied over the temperature range from 5 to <span class="hlt">45</span> degrees C and the ionic strength range from 50 to 800 mM. These measurements reveal an unanticipated result that bears quite generally on studies of molecular recognition and protein folding. Binding of Na+ to thrombin is characterized by <span class="hlt">a</span> modest dependence on ionic strength but <span class="hlt">a</span> large and negative <span class="hlt">heat</span> capacity change of -1.1 +/- 0.1 kcal mol-1 K-1. The small electrostatic coupling can be explained in terms of <span class="hlt">a</span> minimal perturbation of the ionic atmosphere of the protein upon Na+ binding. The large <span class="hlt">heat</span> capacity change, however, is difficult to reconcile with current views on the origin of this effect from surface area changes or large folding transitions coupled to binding. It is proposed that this change is linked to burial of <span class="hlt">a</span> large cluster of water molecules in the Na+ binding pocket upon Na+ binding. Due to their reduced mobility and highly ordered structure, water molecules sequestered in the interior of <span class="hlt">a</span> protein must have <span class="hlt">a</span> lower <span class="hlt">heat</span> capacity compared to those on the surface of <span class="hlt">a</span> protein or in the bulk solvent. Hence, <span class="hlt">a</span> binding or folding event where water molecules are buried may result in significant <span class="hlt">heat</span> capacity changes independent of changes in exposed hydrophobic surface or coupled conformational transitions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhLB..693..580L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhLB..693..580L"><span>Fast proton <span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Tianjun; Nanopoulos, Dimitri V.; Walker, Joel W.</p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>We consider proton <span class="hlt">decay</span> in the testable flipped SU(5)×U(1)X models with TeV-scale vector-like particles which can be realized in free fermionic string constructions and F-theory model building. We significantly improve upon the determination of light threshold effects from prior studies, and perform <span class="hlt">a</span> fresh calculation of the second loop for the process p→eπ from the heavy gauge boson exchange. The cumulative result is comparatively fast proton <span class="hlt">decay</span>, with <span class="hlt">a</span> majority of the most plausible parameter space within reach of the future Hyper-Kamiokande and DUSEL experiments. Because the TeV-scale vector-like particles can be produced at the LHC, we predict <span class="hlt">a</span> strong correlation between the most exciting particle physics experiments of the coming decade.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JTePh..63...45R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JTePh..63...45R"><span>Microwave <span class="hlt">Heating</span> of Metal Power Clusters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rybakov, K. I.; Semenov, V. E.; Volkovskaya, I. I.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The results of simulating the rapid microwave <span class="hlt">heating</span> of spherical clusters of metal particles to the melting point are reported. In the simulation, the cluster is subjected to <span class="hlt">a</span> plane electromagnetic wave. The cluster size is comparable to the wavelength; the perturbations of the field inside the cluster are accounted for within an effective medium approximation. It is shown that the time of <span class="hlt">heating</span> in vacuum to the melting point does not exceed 1 s when the electric field strength in the incident wave is about 2 kV/cm at <span class="hlt">a</span> frequency of 24 GHz or 5 kV/cm at <span class="hlt">a</span> frequency of 2.<span class="hlt">45</span> GHz. The obtained results demonstrate feasibility of using rapid microwave <span class="hlt">heating</span> for the spheroidization of metal particles with an objective to produce high-quality powders for additive manufacturing technologies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1004295','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1004295"><span>Charmless and Penguin <span class="hlt">Decays</span> at CDF</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Dorigo, Mirco; Collaboration, for the CDF</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>Penguin transitions play <span class="hlt">a</span> key role in the search of New Physics hints in the heavy flavor sector. During the last decade CDF has been exploring this opportunity with <span class="hlt">a</span> rich study of two-body charmless <span class="hlt">decays</span> of neutral B mesons into charged final-state particles. After briefly introducing the aspects of this physics peculiar to the hadron collision environment, I report on two interesting results: the first polarization measurement of the B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} {phi}{phi} <span class="hlt">decay</span> and the update of the B{sub (s)}{sup 0} {yields} h{sup +}h{prime}{sup -} <span class="hlt">decays</span> analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935033','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935033"><span>Plasma protein denaturation with graded <span class="hlt">heat</span> exposure.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vazquez, R; Larson, D F</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), perfusion at tepid temperatures (33-35 °C) is recommended to avoid high temperature cerebral hyperthermia during and after the operation. However, the ideal temperature for uncomplicated adult cardiac surgery is an unsettled question. Typically, the <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger maximum temperature is monitored between 40-42 °C to prevent denaturation of plasma proteins, but studies have not been performed to make these conclusions. Therefore, our hypothesis was to determine the temperature in which blood plasma protein degradation occurs after 2 hours of <span class="hlt">heat</span> exposure. As <span class="hlt">a</span> result, blood plasma proteins were exposed to <span class="hlt">heat</span> in the 37-50 °C range for 2 hours. Plasma protein samples were loaded onto an 8-12% gradient gel for SDS-PAGE and low molecular weight plasma protein degradation was detected with graded <span class="hlt">heat</span> exposure. Protein degradation was first detected between 43-<span class="hlt">45</span> °C of <span class="hlt">heat</span> exposure. This study supports the practice of monitoring the <span class="hlt">heat</span> exchanger between 40-42 °C to prevent denaturation of plasma proteins.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21020253-decay-constants-radiative-decays-heavy-mesons-light-front-quark-model','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21020253-decay-constants-radiative-decays-heavy-mesons-light-front-quark-model"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> constants and radiative <span class="hlt">decays</span> of heavy mesons in light-front quark model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Choi, Ho-Meoyng</p> <p>2007-04-01</p> <p>We investigate the magnetic dipole <span class="hlt">decays</span> V{yields}P{gamma} of various heavy-flavored mesons such as (D,D*,D{sub s},D{sub s}*,{eta}{sub c},J/{psi}) and (B,B*,B{sub s},B{sub s}*,{eta}{sub b},{upsilon}) using the light-front quark model constrained by the variational principle for the QCD-motivated effective Hamiltonian. The momentum dependent form factors F{sub VP}(q{sup 2}) for V{yields}P{gamma}* <span class="hlt">decays</span> are obtained in the q{sup +}=0 frame and then analytically continued to the timelike region by changing q{sub perpendicular} to iq{sub perpendicular} in the form factors. The coupling constant g{sub VP{gamma}} for real photon case is then obtained in the limit as q{sup 2}{yields}0, i.e. g{sub VP{gamma}}=F{sub VP}(q{sup 2}=0). The weak decaymore » constants of heavy pseudoscalar and vector mesons are also calculated. Our numerical results for the <span class="hlt">decay</span> constants and radiative <span class="hlt">decay</span> widths for the heavy-flavored mesons are overall in good agreement with the available experimental data as well as other theoretical model calculations.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005IJMPB..19..639T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005IJMPB..19..639T"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> Transfer of HC290-OIL Mixtures in <span class="hlt">a</span> Horizontal Condensing Micro-Fin Tube</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tong, M. W.; Dong, M. L.; Li, Y.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Heat</span> transfer coefficients was experimentally determined for <span class="hlt">a</span> horizontal micro-fin tube (2m in length, 11.44mm ID) with HC290-oil mixtures. The oil is Suniso 3GS, which is <span class="hlt">a</span> widely used oil in refrigerant systems. The micro-fin tube is <span class="hlt">a</span> internally enhanced tube, which has 60 fins with <span class="hlt">a</span> height of 0.25mm and 20° spiral angle. The condensation temperatures varied from 40° to <span class="hlt">45</span>° and the refrigerant mass flux was varied from 40kg/(m2s) to 220kg/(m2s). The results showed that the mean condensation <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer coefficients on the test section (inlet vapor quality 1, outlet vapor quality 0.1~0.25) decreased as the oil concentrations were increased and the condensation temperature had negligible effect on the <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer coefficients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25256946','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25256946"><span>Effects of obesity on body temperature in otherwise-healthy females when controlling hydration and <span class="hlt">heat</span> production during exercise in the <span class="hlt">heat</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Adams, J D; Ganio, Matthew S; Burchfield, Jenna M; Matthews, Andy C; Werner, Rachel N; Chokbengboun, Amanda J; Dougherty, Erin K; LaChance, Alex A</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Previous studies investigating body temperature responses in obese individuals during exercise in the <span class="hlt">heat</span> fail to control metabolic <span class="hlt">heat</span> production or hydration status during exercise. To determine if there are differences in body temperature responses between obese and non-obese females when controlling metabolic <span class="hlt">heat</span> production during exercise. Twenty healthy females, ten obese (43.5 ± <span class="hlt">4.5</span> % fat, 77.5 ± 14.4 kg) and ten non-obese (26.3 ± 6.2 % fat, 53.7 ± 6.4 kg), cycled for 60 min in <span class="hlt">a</span> warm environment (40 °C, 30 % humidity) at <span class="hlt">a</span> work load that elicited either 300 W of metabolic <span class="hlt">heat</span> production (fixed <span class="hlt">heat</span> production; FHP) or 175 W/m(2) of skin surface area (body surface area, BSA). Before and during exercise, rectal temperature (T re), mean skin temperature (T sk), oxygen uptake (VO2), and sweat rate were measured. Fluid was provided throughout exercise so that euhydration was maintained throughout. In the FHP trial, when absolute <span class="hlt">heat</span> production was similar between obese (287 ± 15 W) and non-obese (295 ± 18 W) individuals (P > 0.05), there were no differences at the end of exercise in T re (38.26 ± 0.40 vs. 38.30 ± 0.30 °C, respectively) or T sk (36.94 ± 1.65 vs. 35.85 ± 0.67 °C) (all P > 0.05). In the BSA trials, relative <span class="hlt">heat</span> production was similar between obese and non-obese individuals (168 ± 8 vs. 176 ± 5 W/m(2), respectively; P > 0.05). Similar to the FHP trials, there were no differences between obese and non-obese T re (38.<span class="hlt">45</span> ± 0.33 vs. 38.08 ± 0.29 °C, respectively) or T sk (36.82 ± 1.04 vs. 36.11 ± 0.64 °C) at the end of exercise (all P > 0.05). When obese and non-obese females exercised at <span class="hlt">a</span> fixed metabolic <span class="hlt">heat</span> production and euhydration was maintained, there were no differences in body temperature between groups.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22136796','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22136796"><span>Development of <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span>-processing method for koji to enhance its antioxidant activity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Okutsu, Kayu; Yoshizaki, Yumiko; Takamine, Kazunori; Tamaki, Hisanori; Ito, Kiyoshi; Sameshima, Yoshihiro</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>We developed <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span>-processing method to enhance the antioxidant activity of koji. The superoxide anion scavenging activity (SOSA) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of <span class="hlt">heat</span>-processed koji (HP-koji) at 55 °C for 7 days were 4.9 times and 4.2 times, respectively, those of unheated koji. These results showed that <span class="hlt">heat</span> processing effectively enhances the antioxidant activity of koji. Analysis of the antioxidant activities of koji subjected to <span class="hlt">a</span> range of temperatures (<span class="hlt">45</span>-75 °C) revealed that the SOSA is enhanced by <span class="hlt">heating</span> at higher temperatures, which might be catalyzed by Maillard reaction, whereas the ORAC was enhanced by <span class="hlt">heating</span> at lower temperatures, which might be catalyzed by an enzymatic reaction. Assuming these enhancements in antioxidant activities are contributed by both Maillard and enzyme reactions, we hypothesized that the antioxidant activity of HP-koji could be more effectively amplified by <span class="hlt">heating</span> at <span class="hlt">a</span> higher temperature after the progression of the enzymatic reaction at <span class="hlt">a</span> moderate temperature. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of <span class="hlt">heating</span> of koji in <span class="hlt">a</span> stepwise manner, first at 55 °C for 2 days and then at 75 °C for 5days. The antioxidant activities of stepwise-<span class="hlt">heated</span> HP-koji were higher than those of koji <span class="hlt">heated</span> at either 55 °C or 75 °C. The SOSA and ORAC of stepwise-<span class="hlt">heated</span> HP-koji were 94 times and 6 times, respectively, those of unheated koji. This result suggests that enzymatic reaction followed by Maillard reaction can effectively enhance the antioxidant activity of HP-koji. Thus, we developed <span class="hlt">a</span> novel <span class="hlt">heat</span>-processing method to enhance the antioxidant activity of koji. Copyright © 2011 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25813038','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25813038"><span>AKT phosphorylates H3-threonine <span class="hlt">45</span> to facilitate termination of gene transcription in response to DNA damage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Jong-Hyuk; Kang, Byung-Hee; Jang, Hyonchol; Kim, Tae Wan; Choi, Jinmi; Kwak, Sojung; Han, Jungwon; Cho, Eun-Jung; Youn, Hong-Duk</p> <p>2015-05-19</p> <p>Post-translational modifications of core histones affect various cellular processes, primarily through transcription. However, their relationship with the termination of transcription has remained largely unknown. In this study, we show that DNA damage-activated AKT phosphorylates threonine <span class="hlt">45</span> of core histone H3 (H3-T<span class="hlt">45</span>). By genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis, H3-T<span class="hlt">45</span> phosphorylation was distributed throughout DNA damage-responsive gene loci, particularly immediately after the transcription termination site. H3-T<span class="hlt">45</span> phosphorylation pattern showed close-resemblance to that of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) serine 2 phosphorylation, which establishes the transcription termination signal. AKT1 was more effective than AKT2 in phosphorylating H3-T<span class="hlt">45</span>. Blocking H3-T<span class="hlt">45</span> phosphorylation by inhibiting AKT or through amino acid substitution limited RNA <span class="hlt">decay</span> downstream of mRNA cleavage sites and decreased RNA polymerase II release from chromatin. Our findings suggest that AKT-mediated phosphorylation of H3-T<span class="hlt">45</span> regulates the processing of the 3' end of DNA damage-activated genes to facilitate transcriptional termination. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH11A2429S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH11A2429S"><span>Magnetic Reconnection during Turbulence: Statistics of X-Points and <span class="hlt">Heating</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shay, M. A.; Haggerty, C. C.; Parashar, T.; Matthaeus, W. H.; Phan, T.; Drake, J. F.; Servidio, S.; Wan, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Magnetic reconnection is <span class="hlt">a</span> ubiquitous plasma phenomenon that has been observed in turbulent plasma systems. It is an important part of the turbulent dynamics and <span class="hlt">heating</span> of space, laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. Recent simulation and observational studies have detailed how magnetic reconnection <span class="hlt">heats</span> plasma and this work has developed to the point where it can be applied to larger and more complex plasma systems. In this context, we examine the statistics of magnetic reconnection in fully kinetic PIC simulations to quantify the role of magnetic reconnection on energy dissipation and plasma <span class="hlt">heating</span>. Most notably, we study the time evolution of these x-line statistics in <span class="hlt">decaying</span> turbulence. First, we examine the distribution of reconnection rates at the x-points found in the simulation and find that their distribution is broader than the MHD counterpart, and the average value is approximately 0.1. Second, we study the time evolution of the x-points to determine when reconnection is most active in the turbulence. Finally, using our findings on these statistics, reconnection <span class="hlt">heating</span> predictions are applied to the regions surrounding the identified x-points and this is used to study the role of magnetic reconnection in turbulent <span class="hlt">heating</span> of plasma. The ratio of ion to electron <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates is found to be consistent with magnetic reconnection predictions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000A%26A...356..287S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000A%26A...356..287S"><span>The shock waves in <span class="hlt">decaying</span> supersonic turbulence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Smith, M. D.; Mac Low, M.-M.; Zuev, J. M.</p> <p>2000-04-01</p> <p>We here analyse numerical simulations of supersonic, hypersonic and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence that is free to <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Our goals are to understand the dynamics of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> and the characteristic properties of the shock waves produced. This will be useful for interpretation of observations of both motions in molecular clouds and sources of non-thermal radiation. We find that <span class="hlt">decaying</span> hypersonic turbulence possesses an exponential tail of fast shocks and an exponential <span class="hlt">decay</span> in time, i.e. the number of shocks is proportional to t exp (-ktv) for shock velocity jump v and mean initial wavenumber k. In contrast to the velocity gradients, the velocity Probability Distribution Function remains Gaussian with <span class="hlt">a</span> more complex <span class="hlt">decay</span> law. The energy is dissipated not by fast shocks but by <span class="hlt">a</span> large number of low Mach number shocks. The power loss peaks near <span class="hlt">a</span> low-speed turn-over in an exponential distribution. An analytical extension of the mapping closure technique is able to predict the basic <span class="hlt">decay</span> features. Our analytic description of the distribution of shock strengths should prove useful for direct modeling of observable emission. We note that an exponential distribution of shocks such as we find will, in general, generate very low excitation shock signatures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910015046','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910015046"><span>Increased <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer to <span class="hlt">a</span> cylindrical leading edge due to spanwise variations in the freestream velocity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rigby, D. L.; Vanfossen, G. J.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>The present study numerically demonstrates how small spanwise variations in velocity upstream of <span class="hlt">a</span> body can cause relatively large increases in the spanwise-averaged <span class="hlt">heat</span> transfer to the leading edge. Vorticity introduced by spanwise variations, first <span class="hlt">decays</span> as it drifts downstream, then amplifies in the stagnation region as <span class="hlt">a</span> result of vortex stretching. This amplification can cause <span class="hlt">a</span> periodic array of 3 D structures, similar to horseshoe vortices, to form. The numerical results indicate that, for the given wavelength, there is an amplitude threshold below which <span class="hlt">a</span> structure does not form. <span class="hlt">A</span> one-dimensional analysis, to predict the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of vorticity in the absence of the body, in conjunction with the full numerical results indicated that the threshold is more accurately stated as minimum level of vorticity required in the leading edge region for <span class="hlt">a</span> structure to form. It is possible, using the one-dimensional analysis, to compute an optimum wavelength in terms of the maximum vorticity reaching the leading edge region for given amplitude. <span class="hlt">A</span> discussion is presented which relates experimentally observed trends to the trends of the present phenomena.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JETPL.102..610Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JETPL.102..610Y"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> and the double-<span class="hlt">decay</span> properties of edge bands of phosphorene ribbons</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, M.; Duan, H.-J.; Wang, R.-Q.</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Phosphorene (<span class="hlt">a</span> monolayer of black phosphorus) recently spurred much attention due to its potential for application. We notice there are two types of zigzag edge and two types of armchair edge for phosphorene lattice. We study the winding number of various types of edge of phosphorene ribbons and conclude that, besides on the typical zigzag edge, the flat zero-energy edge band can be found in the ribbon of another nontypical armchair edge. The localization of these edge bands is investigated analytically. We find every single edge state of the atypical armchair edge <span class="hlt">decays</span> to the bulk at two different <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21506876-beyond-low-beta-decay-values','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21506876-beyond-low-beta-decay-values"><span>Beyond low beta-<span class="hlt">decay</span> Q values</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Mustonen, M. T.; Suhonen, J.</p> <p></p> <p>Beta <span class="hlt">decays</span> with low Q values can be utilized in the quest to determine the neutrino mass scale. This is being realized in two experiments, KATRIN and MARE, using tritium and {sup 187}Re, respectively. The beta-<span class="hlt">decay</span> of {sup 187}Re had the lowest known Q value until 2005, when the beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> of {sup 115}In to the first excited state of {sup 115}Sn was discovered in Gran Sasso underground laboratory. Last year two independent ion trap measurements confirmed that this <span class="hlt">decay</span> breaks the former record by an order of magnitude.Our theoretical study on this tiny <span class="hlt">decay</span> channel complemented the experimental effortmore » by the JYFLTRAP group in Finland and HADES underground laboratory in Belgium. <span class="hlt">A</span> significant discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical results was found. This might be explained by various atomic contributions known to grow larger as the Q value decreases. However, the traditional recipes for taking these effects into account break down on this new ultra-low Q value regime, providing new challenges for theorists on the borderline between nuclear and atomic physics.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26944839','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26944839"><span>Extraction of Aerosol-Deposited Yersinia pestis from Indoor Surfaces To Determine Bacterial Environmental <span class="hlt">Decay</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gut, Ian M; Bartlett, Ryan A; Yeager, John J; Leroux, Brian; Ratnesar-Shumate, Shanna; Dabisch, Paul; Karaolis, David K R</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>Public health and decontamination decisions following an event that causes indoor contamination with <span class="hlt">a</span> biological agent require knowledge of the environmental persistence of the agent. The goals of this study were to develop methods for experimentally depositing bacteria onto indoor surfaces via aerosol, evaluate methods for sampling and enumerating the agent on surfaces, and use these methods to determine bacterial surface <span class="hlt">decay</span>. <span class="hlt">A</span> specialized aerosol deposition chamber was constructed, and methods were established for reproducible and uniform aerosol deposition of bacteria onto four coupon types. The deposition chamber facilitated the control of relative humidity (RH; 10 to 70%) following particle deposition to mimic the conditions of indoor environments, as RH is not controlled by standard <span class="hlt">heating</span>, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Extraction and culture-based enumeration methods to quantify the viable bacteria on coupons were shown to be highly sensitive and reproducible. To demonstrate the usefulness of the system for <span class="hlt">decay</span> studies,Yersinia pestis persistence as <span class="hlt">a</span> function of surface type at 21 °C and 40% RH was determined to be >40%/min for all surfaces. Based upon these results, at typical indoor temperature and RH, <span class="hlt">a</span> 6-log reduction in titer would expected to be achieved within 1 h as the result of environmental <span class="hlt">decay</span> on surfaces without active decontamination. The developed approach will facilitate future persistence and decontamination studies with <span class="hlt">a</span> broad range of biological agents and surfaces, providing agent <span class="hlt">decay</span> data to inform both assessments of risk to personnel entering <span class="hlt">a</span> contaminated site and decontamination decisions following biological contamination of an indoor environment. Public health and decontamination decisions following contamination of an indoor environment with <span class="hlt">a</span> biological agent require knowledge of the environmental persistence of the agent. Previous studies on Y. pestis persistence have utilized large liquid</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24827329','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24827329"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> rates of magnetic modes below the threshold of <span class="hlt">a</span> turbulent dynamo.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Herault, J; Pétrélis, F; Fauve, S</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>We measure the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates of magnetic field modes in <span class="hlt">a</span> turbulent flow of liquid sodium below the dynamo threshold. We observe that turbulent fluctuations induce energy transfers between modes with different symmetries (dipolar and quadrupolar). Using symmetry properties, we show how to measure the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate of each mode without being restricted to the one with the smallest damping rate. We observe that the respective values of the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates of these modes depend on the shape of the propellers driving the flow. Dynamical regimes, including field reversals, are observed only when the modes are both nearly marginal. This is in line with <span class="hlt">a</span> recently proposed model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.7005J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.7005J"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> Geomorphologically Driven Conditional Assessment for the Study of Urban Stone <span class="hlt">Decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Johnston, Brian; McKinley, Jennifer; Warke, Patricia; Ruffell, Alastair</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Much of humanity's legacy is within the built environment and therefore in the stones that have been used for its construction. This means that targeted building conservation strategies are vital when considering the maintenance of this heritage. Conditional assessments play <span class="hlt">a</span> major part in these efforts by classifying blocks based upon their visual state of <span class="hlt">decay</span>. However, as these tools were developed with the purpose of informing decision making by professionals in the construction and conservation industries, limitations exist when considering them as part of studies with <span class="hlt">a</span> geomorphological focus. Links between the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of stonework and spatially variable control factors, such as material properties, microclimatic conditions and pollutant distribution, have been well documented in past studies, with observations of <span class="hlt">decay</span> on wall sections supporting this concept. For example, the distribution of weathering features can indicate that certain blocks are more susceptible than others to <span class="hlt">decay</span>. Additionally, adjoining blocks can exhibit similar processes, suggestive of interaction between the blocks, indicating <span class="hlt">a</span> linkage between individual block scale <span class="hlt">decay</span> and processes acting at <span class="hlt">a</span> wider wall scale. These observations have led to comparisons between the weathering of rock outcrops and building façades, with mortar joints playing the role of fractures or bedding. This comparison has highlighted the necessity to not simply consider <span class="hlt">decay</span> in terms of architecture or engineering, but also in terms of the geomorphological processes taking place. The patterns of <span class="hlt">decay</span> created at <span class="hlt">a</span> wall scale, whilst being visually chaotic, can provide clues to the controlling factors acting upon this system, if they are subjected to informed scrutiny. Despite such discussions, the focus of surveys towards remediation have created limitations when applying the results of these surveys towards the understanding of processes acting between blocks at <span class="hlt">a</span> wall scale. This work aims to take</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22572138-cosmological-perturbations-axion-dynamical-decay-constant','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22572138-cosmological-perturbations-axion-dynamical-decay-constant"><span>Cosmological perturbations of axion with <span class="hlt">a</span> dynamical <span class="hlt">decay</span> constant</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Kobayashi, Takeshi; INFN, Sezione di Trieste,Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste; Takahashi, Fuminobu</p> <p>2016-08-25</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> QCD axion with <span class="hlt">a</span> time-dependent <span class="hlt">decay</span> constant has been known to be able to accommodate high-scale inflation without producing topological defects or too large isocurvature perturbations on CMB scales. We point out that <span class="hlt">a</span> dynamical <span class="hlt">decay</span> constant also has the effect of enhancing the small-scale axion isocurvature perturbations. The enhanced axion perturbations can even exceed the periodicity of the axion potential, and thus lead to the formation of axionic domain walls. Unlike the well-studied axionic walls, the walls produced from the enhanced perturbations are not bounded by cosmic strings, and thus would overclose the universe independently of the numbermore » of degenerate vacua along the axion potential.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvC..97c5504S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvC..97c5504S"><span>Recoil ions from the β <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 134Sb confined in <span class="hlt">a</span> Paul trap</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Siegl, K.; Scielzo, N. D.; Czeszumska, A.; Clark, J. A.; Savard, G.; Aprahamian, A.; Caldwell, S. A.; Alan, B. S.; Burkey, M. T.; Chiara, C. J.; Greene, J. P.; Harker, J.; Marley, S. T.; Morgan, G. E.; Munson, J. M.; Norman, E. B.; Orford, R.; Padgett, S.; Galván, A. Perez; Sharma, K. S.; Strauss, S. Y.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The low-energy recoiling ions from the β <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 134Sb were studied by using the Beta-<span class="hlt">decay</span> Paul Trap. Using this apparatus, singly charged ions were suspended in vacuum at the center of <span class="hlt">a</span> detector array used to detect emitted β particles, γ rays, and recoil ions in coincidence. The recoil ions emerge from the trap with negligible scattering, allowing β -<span class="hlt">decay</span> properties and the charge-state distribution of the daughter ions to be determined from the β -ion coincidences. First-forbidden β -<span class="hlt">decay</span> theory predicts <span class="hlt">a</span> β -ν correlation coefficient of nearly unity for the 0- to 0+ transition from the ground state of 134Sb to the ground state of 134Te. Although this transition was expected to have <span class="hlt">a</span> nearly 100% branching ratio, an additional 17.2(52)% of the β -<span class="hlt">decay</span> strength must populate high-lying excited states to obtain an angular correlation consistent with unity. The extracted charge-state distribution of the recoiling ions was compared with existing β -<span class="hlt">decay</span> results and the average charge state was found to be consistent with the results from lighter nuclei.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH14A..02G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH14A..02G"><span>Kinetic Alfven turbulence: Electron and ion <span class="hlt">heating</span> by particle-in-cell simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gary, S. P.; Hughes, R. S.; Wang, J.; Parashar, T. N.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of the forward cascade of <span class="hlt">decaying</span> kinetic Alfvén turbulence have been carried out as an initial-value problem on <span class="hlt">a</span> collisionless, homogeneous, magnetized, electron-ion plasma model with betae = betai =0.50 and mi/me=100 where subscripts e and i represent electrons and ions respectively. Initial anisotropic narrowband spectra of relatively long wavelength modes with approximately gyrotropic distributions in kperp undergo <span class="hlt">a</span> forward cascade to broadband spectra of magnetic fluctuations at shorter wavelengths. Maximum electron and ion <span class="hlt">heating</span> rates are computed as functions of the initial fluctuating magnetic field energy density eo on the range 0.05 < eo < 0.50. In contrast to dissipation by whistler turbulence, the maximum ion <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate due to kinetic Alfvén turbulence is substantially greater than the maximum electron <span class="hlt">heating</span> rate. Furthermore, ion <span class="hlt">heating</span> as well as electron <span class="hlt">heating</span> due to kinetic Alfvén turbulence scale approximately with eo. Finally, electron <span class="hlt">heating</span> leads to anisotropies of the type T||e> Tperpe where the parallel and perpendicular symbols refer to directions parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the background magnetic field, whereas the <span class="hlt">heated</span> ions remain relatively isotropic. This implies that, for the range of eo values considered, the Landau wave-particle resonance is <span class="hlt">a</span> likely <span class="hlt">heating</span> mechanism for the electrons and may also contribute to ion <span class="hlt">heating</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950059755&hterms=onion&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Donion','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950059755&hterms=onion&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Donion"><span>Petrologic evidence for collisional <span class="hlt">heating</span> of chondritic asteroids</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rubin, Alan E.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>The identification of the mechanism(s) responsible for <span class="hlt">heating</span> asteroids is among the major problems in planetary science. Because of difficulties with models of electromagnetic induction and the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of short-lived radionuclides, it is worthwhile to evaluate the evidence for collisional <span class="hlt">heating</span>. New evidence for localized impact <span class="hlt">heating</span> comes from the high proportion of relict type-6 material among impact-melt-bearing ordinary chondrites (OC). This relict material was probably metamorphosed by residual <span class="hlt">heat</span> within large craters. Olivine aggregates composed of faceted crystals with 120 deg triple junctions occur within the melted regions of the Chico and Rose City OC melt rocks; the olivine aggregates formed from shocked, mosaicized olivine grains that underwent contact metamorphism. Large-scale collisional <span class="hlt">heating</span> is supoorted by the correlation in OC between petrologic type and shock stage; no other <span class="hlt">heating</span> mechanism can readily account for this correlation. The occurrence of impact-melt-rock clasts in OC that have been metamorphosed along with their whole rocks indicates that some impact events preceded or accompanied thermal metamorphism. Such impacts events, occurring during or shortly after accretion, are probably responsible for substantially melting approximately 0.5% of OC. These events must have <span class="hlt">heated</span> <span class="hlt">a</span> larger percentage of OC to subsolidus temperatures sufficient to have caused significant metamorphism. If collisional <span class="hlt">heating</span> is viable, then OC parent asteroids must have been large; large OC asteroids in the main belt may include those of the S(IV) spectral subtype. Collisional <span class="hlt">heating</span> is inconsistent with layered ('onion-shell') structures in OC asteroids (wherein the degree of metamorphism increases with depth), but the evidence for such structures is weak. It seems likely that collisional <span class="hlt">heating</span> played an important role in metamorphosing chondritic asteroids.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4918447','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4918447"><span>Seasonal determinations of algal virus <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates reveal overwintering in <span class="hlt">a</span> temperate freshwater pond</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Long, Andrew M; Short, Steven M</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>To address questions about algal virus persistence (i.e., continued existence) in the environment, rates of <span class="hlt">decay</span> of infectivity for two viruses that infect Chlorella-like algae, ATCV-1 and CVM-1, and <span class="hlt">a</span> virus that infects the prymnesiophyte Chrysochromulina parva, CpV-BQ1, were estimated from in situ incubations in <span class="hlt">a</span> temperate, seasonally frozen pond. <span class="hlt">A</span> series of experiments were conducted to estimate rates of <span class="hlt">decay</span> of infectivity in all four seasons with incubations lasting 21 days in spring, summer and autumn, and 126 days in winter. <span class="hlt">Decay</span> rates observed across this study were relatively low compared with previous estimates obtained for other algal viruses, and ranged from 0.012 to 11% h−1. Overall, the virus CpV-BQ1 <span class="hlt">decayed</span> most rapidly whereas ATCV-1 <span class="hlt">decayed</span> most slowly, but for all viruses the highest <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates were observed during the summer and the lowest were observed during the winter. Furthermore, the winter incubations revealed the ability of each virus to overwinter under ice as ATCV-1, CVM-1 and CpV-BQ1 retained up to 48%, 19% and 9% of their infectivity after 126 days, respectively. The observed resilience of algal viruses in <span class="hlt">a</span> seasonally frozen freshwater pond provides <span class="hlt">a</span> mechanism that can support the maintenance of viral seed banks in nature. However, the high rates of <span class="hlt">decay</span> observed in the summer demonstrate that virus survival and therefore environmental persistence can be subject to seasonal bottlenecks. PMID:26943625</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1348965-fully-differential-top-decay-distribution','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1348965-fully-differential-top-decay-distribution"><span>The fully differential top <span class="hlt">decay</span> distribution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Boudreau, J.; Escobar, C.</p> <p></p> <p>We write down the four-dimensional fully differential <span class="hlt">decay</span> distribution for the top quark <span class="hlt">decay</span> t → Wb → ℓνb. We discuss how its eight physical parameters can be measured, either with <span class="hlt">a</span> global fit or with the use of selected one-dimensional distributions and asymmetries. We give expressions for the top <span class="hlt">decay</span> amplitudes for <span class="hlt">a</span> general tbW interaction, and show how the untangled measurement of the two components of the fraction of longitudinal W bosons – those with b quark helicities of 1/2 and –1/2, respectively – could improve the precision of <span class="hlt">a</span> global fit to the tbW vertex.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1348965-fully-differential-top-decay-distribution','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1348965-fully-differential-top-decay-distribution"><span>The fully differential top <span class="hlt">decay</span> distribution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Boudreau, J.; Escobar, C.; ...</p> <p>2017-03-29</p> <p>We write down the four-dimensional fully differential <span class="hlt">decay</span> distribution for the top quark <span class="hlt">decay</span> t → Wb → ℓνb. We discuss how its eight physical parameters can be measured, either with <span class="hlt">a</span> global fit or with the use of selected one-dimensional distributions and asymmetries. We give expressions for the top <span class="hlt">decay</span> amplitudes for <span class="hlt">a</span> general tbW interaction, and show how the untangled measurement of the two components of the fraction of longitudinal W bosons – those with b quark helicities of 1/2 and –1/2, respectively – could improve the precision of <span class="hlt">a</span> global fit to the tbW vertex.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21421338-measurement-cp-observables-sup-yields-sub-cp-sup-decays-constraints-ckm-angle-gamma','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21421338-measurement-cp-observables-sup-yields-sub-cp-sup-decays-constraints-ckm-angle-gamma"><span>Measurement of CP observables in B{sup {+-}{yields}D}{sub CP}K{sup {+-}}<span class="hlt">decays</span> and constraints on the CKM angle {gamma}</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Amo Sanchez, P. del; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.</p> <p></p> <p>Using the entire sample of 467x10{sup 6} {Upsilon}(4S){yields}BB <span class="hlt">decays</span> collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, we perform an analysis of B{sup {+-}}{yields}DK{sup {+-}}<span class="hlt">decays</span>, using <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes in which the neutral D meson <span class="hlt">decays</span> to either CP-eigenstates or non-CP-eigenstates. We measure the partial <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate charge asymmetries for CP-even and CP-odd D final states to be <span class="hlt">A</span>{sub CP+}=0.25{+-}0.06{+-}0.02 and <span class="hlt">A</span>{sub CP-}=-0.09{+-}0.07{+-}0.02, respectively, where the first error is the statistical and the second is the systematic uncertainty. The parameter <span class="hlt">A</span>{sub CP+} is different from zero with <span class="hlt">a</span> significance of 3.6 standardmore » deviations, constituting evidence for direct CP violation. We also measure the ratios of the charged-averaged B partial <span class="hlt">decay</span> rates in CP and non-CP <span class="hlt">decays</span>, R{sub CP+}=1.18{+-}0.09{+-}0.05 and R{sub CP-}=1.07{+-}0.08{+-}0.04. We infer frequentist confidence intervals for the angle {gamma} of the unitarity triangle, for the strong phase difference {delta}{sub B}, and for the amplitude ratio r{sub B}, which are related to the B{sup -}{yields}DK{sup -} <span class="hlt">decay</span> amplitude by r{sub B}e{sup i({delta}{sub B}-{gamma})}=<span class="hlt">A</span>(B{sup -}{yields}D{sup 0}K{sup -})/<span class="hlt">A</span>(B{sup -}{yields}D{sup 0}K{sup -}). Including statistical and systematic uncertainties, we obtain 0.24<r{sub B}<0.<span class="hlt">45</span> (0.06<r{sub B}<0.51) and, modulo 180 deg., 11.3 deg. <{gamma}<22.7 deg. or 80.8 deg. <{gamma}<99.2 deg. or 157.3 deg. <{gamma}<168.7 deg. (7.0 deg. <{gamma}<173.0 deg.) at the 68% (95%) confidence level.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC11E..05O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC11E..05O"><span>Extreme <span class="hlt">heat</span> event projections for <span class="hlt">a</span> coastal megacity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ortiz, L. E.; Gonzalez, J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>As summers become warmer, extreme <span class="hlt">heat</span> events are expected to increase in intensity, frequency, and duration. Large urban centers may affect these projections by introducing feedbacks between the atmosphere and the built environment through processes involving anthropogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span>, wind modification, radiation blocking, and others. General circulation models are often run with spatial resolutions in the order of 100 km, limiting their skill at resolving local scale processes and highly spatially varying features such as cities' heterogeneous landscape and mountain topography. This study employs climate simulations using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model coupled with <span class="hlt">a</span> modified multi-layer urban canopy and building energy model to downscale CESM1 at 1 km horizontal resolution across three time slices (2006-2010, 2075-2079, and 2095-2099) and two projections (RCP <span class="hlt">4.5</span> and 8.5). New York City Metropolitan area, with <span class="hlt">a</span> population of over 20 million and <span class="hlt">a</span> complex urban canopy, is used as <span class="hlt">a</span> case study. The urban canopy model of WRF was modified to include <span class="hlt">a</span> drag coefficient as <span class="hlt">a</span> function of the building plant area fraction and the introduction of evaporative cooling systems at building roofs to reject the anthropogenic <span class="hlt">heat</span> from the buildings, with urban canopy parameters computed from the New York City Property Land-Use Tax-lot Output (PLUTO). Model performance is evaluated against the input model and historical records from airport stations, showing improvement in the statistical characteristics in the downscaled model output. Projection results are presented as spatially distributed anomalies in <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave frequency, duration, and maximum intensity from the 2006-2010 benchmark period. Results show that local sea-breeze circulations mitigate <span class="hlt">heat</span> wave impacts, following <span class="hlt">a</span> positive gradient with increasing distance from the coastline. However, end of century RCP 8.5 projections show the possibility of reversal of this pattern, sea surface temperatures increase</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24074076','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24074076"><span>Observation of <span class="hlt">a</span> resonance in B+ → K+ μ+ μ- <span class="hlt">decays</span> at low recoil.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aaij, R; Adeva, B; Adinolfi, M; Adrover, C; Affolder, A; Ajaltouni, Z; Albrecht, J; Alessio, F; Alexander, M; Ali, S; Alkhazov, G; Alvarez Cartelle, P; Alves, A A; Amato, S; Amerio, S; Amhis, Y; Anderlini, L; Anderson, J; Andreassen, R; Andrews, J E; Appleby, R B; Aquines Gutierrez, O; Archilli, F; Artamonov, A; Artuso, M; Aslanides, E; Auriemma, G; Baalouch, M; Bachmann, S; Back, J J; Baesso, C; Balagura, V; Baldini, W; Barlow, R J; Barschel, C; Barsuk, S; Barter, W; Bauer, Th; Bay, A; Beddow, J; Bedeschi, F; Bediaga, I; Belogurov, S; Belous, K; Belyaev, I; Ben-Haim, E; Bencivenni, G; Benson, S; Benton, J; Berezhnoy, A; Bernet, R; Bettler, M-O; van Beuzekom, M; Bien, A; Bifani, S; Bird, T; Bizzeti, A; Bjørnstad, P M; Blake, T; Blanc, F; Blouw, J; Blusk, S; Bocci, V; Bondar, A; Bondar, N; Bonivento, W; Borghi, S; Borgia, A; Bowcock, T J V; Bowen, E; Bozzi, C; Brambach, T; van den Brand, J; Bressieux, J; Brett, D; Britsch, M; Britton, T; Brook, N H; Brown, H; Burducea, I; Bursche, A; Busetto, G; Buytaert, J; Cadeddu, S; Callot, O; Calvi, M; Calvo Gomez, M; Camboni, A; Campana, P; Campora Perez, D; Carbone, A; Carboni, G; Cardinale, R; Cardini, A; Carranza-Mejia, H; Carson, L; Carvalho Akiba, K; Casse, G; Castillo Garcia, L; Cattaneo, M; Cauet, Ch; Cenci, R; Charles, M; Charpentier, Ph; Chen, P; Chiapolini, N; Chrzaszcz, M; Ciba, K; Cid Vidal, X; Ciezarek, G; Clarke, P E L; Clemencic, M; Cliff, H V; Closier, J; Coca, C; Coco, V; Cogan, J; Cogneras, E; Collins, P; Comerma-Montells, A; Contu, A; Cook, A; Coombes, M; Coquereau, S; Corti, G; Couturier, B; Cowan, G A; Cowie, E; Craik, D C; Cunliffe, S; Currie, R; D'Ambrosio, C; David, P; David, P N Y; Davis, A; De Bonis, I; De Bruyn, K; De Capua, S; De Cian, M; De Miranda, J M; De Paula, L; De Silva, W; De Simone, P; Decamp, D; Deckenhoff, M; Del Buono, L; Déléage, N; Derkach, D; Deschamps, O; Dettori, F; Di Canto, A; Dijkstra, H; Dogaru, M; Donleavy, S; Dordei, F; Dosil Suárez, A; Dossett, D; Dovbnya, A; Dupertuis, F; Durante, P; Dzhelyadin, R; Dziurda, A; Dzyuba, A; Easo, S; Egede, U; Egorychev, V; Eidelman, S; van Eijk, D; Eisenhardt, S; Eitschberger, U; Ekelhof, R; Eklund, L; El Rifai, I; Elsasser, Ch; Falabella, A; Färber, C; Fardell, G; Farinelli, C; Farry, S; Ferguson, D; Fernandez Albor, V; Ferreira Rodrigues, F; Ferro-Luzzi, M; Filippov, S; Fiore, M; Fitzpatrick, C; Fontana, M; Fontanelli, F; Forty, R; Francisco, O; Frank, M; Frei, C; Frosini, M; Furcas, S; Furfaro, E; Gallas Torreira, A; Galli, D; Gandelman, M; Gandini, P; Gao, Y; Garofoli, J; Garosi, P; Garra Tico, J; Garrido, L; Gaspar, C; Gauld, R; Gersabeck, E; Gersabeck, M; Gershon, T; Ghez, Ph; Gibson, V; Giubega, L; Gligorov, V V; Göbel, C; Golubkov, D; Golutvin, A; Gomes, A; Gorbounov, P; Gordon, H; Gotti, C; Grabalosa Gándara, M; Graciani Diaz, R; Granado Cardoso, L A; Graugés, E; Graziani, G; Grecu, A; Greening, E; Gregson, S; Griffith, P; Grünberg, O; Gui, B; Gushchin, E; Guz, Yu; Gys, T; Hadjivasiliou, C; Haefeli, G; Haen, C; Haines, S C; Hall, S; Hamilton, B; Hampson, T; Hansmann-Menzemer, S; Harnew, N; Harnew, S T; Harrison, J; Hartmann, T; He, J; Head, T; Heijne, V; Hennessy, K; Henrard, P; Hernando Morata, J A; van Herwijnen, E; Hess, M; Hicheur, A; Hicks, E; Hill, D; Hoballah, M; Hombach, C; Hopchev, P; Hulsbergen, W; Hunt, P; Huse, T; Hussain, N; Hutchcroft, D; Hynds, D; Iakovenko, V; Idzik, M; Ilten, P; Jacobsson, R; Jaeger, A; Jans, E; Jaton, P; Jawahery, A; Jing, F; John, M; Johnson, D; Jones, C R; Joram, C; Jost, B; Kaballo, M; Kandybei, S; Kanso, W; Karacson, M; Karbach, T M; Kenyon, I R; Ketel, T; Keune, A; Khanji, B; Kochebina, O; Komarov, I; Koopman, R F; Koppenburg, P; Korolev, M; Kozlinskiy, A; Kravchuk, L; Kreplin, K; Kreps, M; Krocker, G; Krokovny, P; Kruse, F; Kucharczyk, M; Kudryavtsev, V; Kurek, K; Kvaratskheliya, T; La Thi, V N; Lacarrere, D; Lafferty, G; Lai, A; Lambert, D; Lambert, R W; Lanciotti, E; Lanfranchi, G; Langenbruch, C; Latham, T; Lazzeroni, C; Le Gac, R; van Leerdam, J; Lees, J-P; Lefèvre, R; Leflat, A; Lefrançois, J; Leo, S; Leroy, O; Lesiak, T; Leverington, B; Li, Y; Li Gioi, L; Liles, M; Lindner, R; Linn, C; Liu, B; Liu, G; Lohn, S; Longstaff, I; Lopes, J H; Lopez-March, N; Lu, H; Lucchesi, D; Luisier, J; Luo, H; Machefert, F; Machikhiliyan, I V; Maciuc, F; Maev, O; Malde, S; Manca, G; Mancinelli, G; Maratas, J; Marconi, U; Marino, P; Märki, R; Marks, J; Martellotti, G; Martens, A; Martín Sánchez, A; Martinelli, M; Martinez Santos, D; Martins Tostes, D; Martynov, A; Massafferri, A; Matev, R; Mathe, Z; Matteuzzi, C; Maurice, E; Mazurov, A; McCarthy, J; McNab, A; McNulty, R; McSkelly, B; Meadows, B; Meier, F; Meissner, M; Merk, M; Milanes, D A; Minard, M-N; Molina Rodriguez, J; Monteil, S; Moran, D; Morawski, P; Mordà, A; Morello, M J; Mountain, R; Mous, I; Muheim, F; Müller, K; Muresan, R; Muryn, B; Muster, B; Naik, P; Nakada, T; Nandakumar, R; Nasteva, I; Needham, M; Neubert, S; Neufeld, N; Nguyen, A D; Nguyen, T D; Nguyen-Mau, C; Nicol, M; Niess, V; Niet, R; Nikitin, N; Nikodem, T; Nomerotski, A; Novoselov, A; Oblakowska-Mucha, A; Obraztsov, V; Oggero, S; Ogilvy, S; Okhrimenko, O; Oldeman, R; Orlandea, M; Otalora Goicochea, J M; Owen, P; Oyanguren, A; Pal, B K; Palano, A; Palczewski, T; Palutan, M; Panman, J; Papanestis, A; Pappagallo, M; Parkes, C; Parkinson, C J; Passaleva, G; Patel, G D; Patel, M; Patrick, G N; Patrignani, C; Pavel-Nicorescu, C; Pazos Alvarez, A; Pellegrino, A; Penso, G; Pepe Altarelli, M; Perazzini, S; Perez Trigo, E; Pérez-Calero Yzquierdo, A; Perret, P; Perrin-Terrin, M; Pescatore, L; Pesen, E; Petridis, K; Petrolini, A; Phan, A; Picatoste Olloqui, E; Pietrzyk, B; Pilař, T; Pinci, D; Playfer, S; Plo Casasus, M; Polci, F; Polok, G; Poluektov, A; Polycarpo, E; Popov, A; Popov, D; Popovici, B; Potterat, C; Powell, A; Prisciandaro, J; Pritchard, A; Prouve, C; Pugatch, V; Puig Navarro, A; Punzi, G; Qian, W; Rademacker, J H; Rakotomiaramanana, B; Rangel, M S; Raniuk, I; Rauschmayr, N; Raven, G; Redford, S; Reid, M M; dos Reis, A C; Ricciardi, S; Richards, A; Rinnert, K; Rives Molina, V; Roa Romero, D A; Robbe, P; Roberts, D A; Rodrigues, E; Rodriguez Perez, P; Roiser, S; Romanovsky, V; Romero Vidal, A; Rouvinet, J; Ruf, T; Ruffini, F; Ruiz, H; Ruiz Valls, P; Sabatino, G; Saborido Silva, J J; Sagidova, N; Sail, P; Saitta, B; Salustino Guimaraes, V; Sanmartin Sedes, B; Sannino, M; Santacesaria, R; Santamarina Rios, C; Santovetti, E; Sapunov, M; Sarti, A; Satriano, C; Satta, A; Savrie, M; Savrina, D; Schaack, P; Schiller, M; Schindler, H; Schlupp, M; Schmelling, M; Schmidt, B; Schneider, O; Schopper, A; Schune, M-H; Schwemmer, R; Sciascia, B; Sciubba, A; Seco, M; Semennikov, A; Senderowska, K; Sepp, I; Serra, N; Serrano, J; Seyfert, P; Shapkin, M; Shapoval, I; Shatalov, P; Shcheglov, Y; Shears, T; Shekhtman, L; Shevchenko, O; Shevchenko, V; Shires, A; Silva Coutinho, R; Sirendi, M; Skidmore, N; Skwarnicki, T; Smith, N A; Smith, E; Smith, J; Smith, M; Sokoloff, M D; Soler, F J P; Soomro, F; Souza, D; Souza De Paula, B; Spaan, B; Sparkes, A; Spradlin, P; Stagni, F; Stahl, S; Steinkamp, O; Stevenson, S; Stoica, S; Stone, S; Storaci, B; Straticiuc, M; Straumann, U; Subbiah, V K; Sun, L; Swientek, S; Syropoulos, V; Szczekowski, M; Szczypka, P; Szumlak, T; T'Jampens, S; Teklishyn, M; Teodorescu, E; Teubert, F; Thomas, C; Thomas, E; van Tilburg, J; Tisserand, V; Tobin, M; Tolk, S; Tonelli, D; Topp-Joergensen, S; Torr, N; Tournefier, E; Tourneur, S; Tran, M T; Tresch, M; Tsaregorodtsev, A; Tsopelas, P; Tuning, N; Ubeda Garcia, M; Ukleja, A; Urner, D; Ustyuzhanin, A; Uwer, U; Vagnoni, V; Valenti, G; Vallier, A; Van Dijk, M; Vazquez Gomez, R; Vazquez Regueiro, P; Vázquez Sierra, C; Vecchi, S; Velthuis, J J; Veltri, M; Veneziano, G; Vesterinen, M; Viaud, B; Vieira, D; Vilasis-Cardona, X; Vollhardt, A; Volyanskyy, D; Voong, D; Vorobyev, A; Vorobyev, V; Voß, C; Voss, H; Waldi, R; Wallace, C; Wallace, R; Wandernoth, S; Wang, J; Ward, D R; Watson, N K; Webber, A D; Websdale, D; Whitehead, M; Wicht, J; Wiechczynski, J; Wiedner, D; Wiggers, L; Wilkinson, G; Williams, M P; Williams, M; Wilson, F F; Wimberley, J; Wishahi, J; Wislicki, W; Witek, M; Wotton, S A; Wright, S; Wu, S; Wyllie, K; Xie, Y; Xing, Z; Yang, Z; Young, R; Yuan, X; Yushchenko, O; Zangoli, M; Zavertyaev, M; Zhang, F; Zhang, L; Zhang, W C; Zhang, Y; Zhelezov, A; Zhokhov, A; Zhong, L; Zvyagin, A</p> <p>2013-09-13</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> broad peaking structure is observed in the dimuon spectrum of B+ → K+ μ+ μ- <span class="hlt">decays</span> in the kinematic region where the kaon has <span class="hlt">a</span> low recoil against the dimuon system. The structure is consistent with interference between the B+ → K+ μ+ μ- <span class="hlt">decay</span> and <span class="hlt">a</span> resonance and has <span class="hlt">a</span> statistical significance exceeding six standard deviations. The mean and width of the resonance are measured to be 4191(-8)(+9)  MeV/c2 and 65(-16)(+22)  MeV/c2, respectively, where the uncertainties include statistical and systematic contributions. These measurements are compatible with the properties of the ψ(4160) meson. First observations of both the <span class="hlt">decay</span> B+ → ψ(4160)K+ and the subsequent <span class="hlt">decay</span> ψ(4160) → μ+ μ- are reported. The resonant <span class="hlt">decay</span> and the interference contribution make up 20% of the yield for dimuon masses above 3770  MeV/c2. This contribution is larger than theoretical estimates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PhDT.......113B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PhDT.......113B"><span>Inclusive rare B <span class="hlt">decays</span> using effective field theories</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bauer, Christian</p> <p></p> <p>In this thesis we will discuss several properties of rare <span class="hlt">decays</span> of B mesons. First we discuss properties of the inclusive radiative <span class="hlt">decay</span> B¯ --> Xsγ, where Xs stands for any hadronic state containing an s quark. We extend previous studies of this <span class="hlt">decay</span>, which included perturbative corrections to order αs and nonperturbative contributions up to order (ΛQCD/ mb)2 and calculate the O (ΛQCD/mb)3 contributions to this <span class="hlt">decay</span>. The values of the nonperturbative parameters entering at this order are unknown, leading to uncertainties in the standard model prediction of this <span class="hlt">decay</span>. We estimate the size of these nonperturbative uncertainties by varying these parameters in the range suggested by dimensional analysis. We also estimate uncertainties arising from <span class="hlt">a</span> cut on the photon energy which is required experimentally. Another <span class="hlt">decay</span> mode investigated is B¯ --> Xsl+l-. We study the O (ΛQCD/mb)3 contributions to the leptonic invariant mass spectrum, the forward-backward asymmetry and hadronic invariant mass moments and estimate the resulting uncertainties. We calculate how the size of these uncertainties depend on the value of an experimental cut that has to be applied to eliminate the large background from other B <span class="hlt">decays</span>. <span class="hlt">A</span> model independent way to determinate the CKM matrix element | Vub| from the dilepton invariant mass spectrum of the inclusive <span class="hlt">decay</span> B-->Xul+ n is presented next. We show that cuts required to eliminate the charm background still allow for <span class="hlt">a</span> theoretically clean way to determine the CKM matrix element |Vub|. We also discuss the utility of the B¯ --> Xsl +l- <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate above the y (2S) resonance to reduce the resulting uncertainties. Finally, we introduce <span class="hlt">a</span> novel effective theory valid for highly energetic particles. In <span class="hlt">decays</span> where the phase space is sufficiently restricted such that final state particles have very high energies compared to their mass, the perturbative as well as nonperturbative series diverge. The effective theory presented allows to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.6305B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.6305B"><span>Medium Deep High Temperature <span class="hlt">Heat</span> Storage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bär, Kristian; Rühaak, Wolfram; Schulte, Daniel; Welsch, Bastian; Chauhan, Swarup; Homuth, Sebastian; Sass, Ingo</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Heating</span> of buildings requires more than 25 % of the total end energy consumption in Germany. Shallow geothermal systems for indirect use as well as shallow geothermal <span class="hlt">heat</span> storage systems like aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) or borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) typically provide low exergy <span class="hlt">heat</span>. The temperature levels and ranges typically require <span class="hlt">a</span> coupling with <span class="hlt">heat</span> pumps. By storing hot water from solar panels or thermal power stations with temperatures of up to 110 °C <span class="hlt">a</span> medium deep high temperature <span class="hlt">heat</span> storage (MDHTS) can be operated on relatively high temperature levels of more than <span class="hlt">45</span> °C. Storage depths of 500 m to 1,500 m below surface avoid conflicts with groundwater use for drinking water or other purposes. Permeability is typically also decreasing with greater depth; especially in the crystalline basement therefore conduction becomes the dominant <span class="hlt">heat</span> transport process. Solar-thermal charging of <span class="hlt">a</span> MDHTS is <span class="hlt">a</span> very beneficial option for supplying <span class="hlt">heat</span> in urban and rural systems. Feasibility and design criteria of different system configurations (depth, distance and number of BHE) are discussed. One system is designed to store and supply <span class="hlt">heat</span> (300 kW) for an office building. The required boreholes are located in granodioritic bedrock. Resulting from this setup several challenges have to be addressed. The drilling and completion has to be planned carefully under consideration of the geological and tectonical situation at the specific site.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPCM...28h5102H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPCM...28h5102H"><span>Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of short-range order in Zr50Cu<span class="hlt">45</span>Al5 and Cu50Zr<span class="hlt">45</span>Al5 metallic glasses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Huang, Yuxiang; Huang, Li; Wang, C. Z.; Kramer, M. J.; Ho, K. M.</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>Comparative analysis between Zr-rich Zr50Cu<span class="hlt">45</span>Al5 and Cu-rich Cu50Zr<span class="hlt">45</span>Al5 metallic glasses (MGs) is extensively performed to locate the key structural motifs accounting for their difference of glass forming ability. Here we adopt ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the local atomic structures of Zr50Cu<span class="hlt">45</span>Al5 and Cu50Zr<span class="hlt">45</span>Al5 MGs. <span class="hlt">A</span> high content of icosahedral-related (full and distorted) orders was found in both samples, while in the Zr-rich MG full icosahedrons < 0,0,12,0> is dominant, and in the Cu-rich one the distorted icosahedral orders, especially < 0,2,8,2> and < 0,2,8,1> , are prominent. And the < 0,2,8,2> polyhedra in Cu50Zr<span class="hlt">45</span>Al5 MG mainly originate from Al-centered clusters, while the < 0,0,12,0> in Zr50Cu<span class="hlt">45</span>Al5 derives from both Cu-centered clusters and Al-centered clusters. These difference may be ascribed to the atomic size difference and chemical property between Cu and Zr atoms. The relatively large size of Zr and large negative <span class="hlt">heat</span> of mixing between Zr and Al atoms, enhancing the packing density and stability of metallic glass system, may be responsible for the higher glass forming ability of Zr50Cu<span class="hlt">45</span>Al5.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=128996&keyword=solve&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=128996&keyword=solve&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span><span class="hlt">A</span> MODEL FOR CHLORINE CONCENTRATION <span class="hlt">DECAY</span> IN PIPES</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> model that accounts for transport in the axial direction by convection and in the radial direction by diffusion and that incorporates first order <span class="hlt">decay</span> kinetics has been developed to predict the chlorine concentration in <span class="hlt">a</span> pipe in <span class="hlt">a</span> distribution system. <span class="hlt">A</span> generalized expressio...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5493026','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5493026"><span>X-ray reflectivity measurement of interdiffusion in metallic multilayers during rapid <span class="hlt">heating</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Liu, J. P.; Kirchhoff, J.; Zhou, L.; Zhao, M.; Grapes, M. D.; Dale, D. S.; Tate, M. D.; Philipp, H. T.; Gruner, S. M.; Weihs, T. P.; Hufnagel, T. C.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> technique for measuring interdiffusion in multilayer materials during rapid <span class="hlt">heating</span> using X-ray reflectivity is described. In this technique the sample is bent to achieve <span class="hlt">a</span> range of incident angles simultaneously, and the scattered intensity is recorded on <span class="hlt">a</span> fast high-dynamic-range mixed-mode pixel array detector. <span class="hlt">Heating</span> of the multilayer is achieved by electrical resistive <span class="hlt">heating</span> of the silicon substrate, monitored by an infrared pyrometer. As an example, reflectivity data from Al/Ni <span class="hlt">heated</span> at rates up to 200 K s−1 are presented. At short times the interdiffusion coefficient can be determined from the rate of <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the reflectivity peaks, and it is shown that the activation energy for interdiffusion is consistent with <span class="hlt">a</span> grain boundary diffusion mechanism. At longer times the simple analysis no longer applies because the evolution of the reflectivity pattern is complicated by other processes, such as nucleation and growth of intermetallic phases. PMID:28664887</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1426777-ray-reflectivity-measurement-interdiffusion-nbsp-metallic-multilayers-during-rapid-heating','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1426777-ray-reflectivity-measurement-interdiffusion-nbsp-metallic-multilayers-during-rapid-heating"><span>X-ray reflectivity measurement of interdiffusion in metallic multilayers during rapid <span class="hlt">heating</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Liu, J. P.; Kirchhoff, J.; Zhou, L.; ...</p> <p>2017-06-15</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> technique for measuring interdiffusion in multilayer materials during rapid <span class="hlt">heating</span> using X-ray reflectivity is described. In this technique the sample is bent to achieve <span class="hlt">a</span> range of incident angles simultaneously, and the scattered intensity is recorded on <span class="hlt">a</span> fast high-dynamic-range mixed-mode pixel array detector. <span class="hlt">Heating</span> of the multilayer is achieved by electrical resistive <span class="hlt">heating</span> of the silicon substrate, monitored by an infrared pyrometer. As an example, reflectivity data from Al/Ni <span class="hlt">heated</span> at rates up to 200 K s -1 are presented. At short times the interdiffusion coefficient can be determined from the rate of <span class="hlt">decay</span> of the reflectivity peaks,more » and it is shown that the activation energy for interdiffusion is consistent with <span class="hlt">a</span> grain boundary diffusion mechanism. At longer times the simple analysis no longer applies because the evolution of the reflectivity pattern is complicated by other processes, such as nucleation and growth of intermetallic phases.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AIPC.1686b0003B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AIPC.1686b0003B"><span>Review of modern double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> experiments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Barabash, A. S.</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>The review of modern experiments on search and studying of double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> processes is done. Results of the most sensitive current experiments are discussed. The main attention is paid to EXO-200, KamLAND-Zen, GERDA-I and CUORE-0 experiments. Modern values of T1/2(2ν) and best present limits on neutrinoless double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> and double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> with Majoron emission are presented. Conservative limits on effective mass of <span class="hlt">a</span> Majorana neutrino (<mν> < 0.46 eV) and <span class="hlt">a</span> coupling constant of Majoron to neutrino (<gee> < 1.3 . 10-5) are obtained. Prospects of search for neutrinoless double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> in new experiments with sensitivity to <mν> at the level of ˜ 0.01-0.1 eV are discussed.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUSMSP11A..01C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUSMSP11A..01C"><span>Statistical Study of Rapid Penumbral <span class="hlt">Decay</span> Associated with Flares</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, W.; Liu, C.; Wang, H.</p> <p>2005-05-01</p> <p>We present results of statistical study of rapid penumbral <span class="hlt">decay</span> associated with flares. In total, we investigated 402 events from 05/09/98 to 07/17/04, including 40 X-class, 173 M-class and 189 C-class flares. We show strong evidence that penumbral segments <span class="hlt">decayed</span> rapidly and permanently right after many flares. The rapid changes, which can be identified in the time profiles of white-light(WL) mean intensity are permanent, not transient, thus are not due to flare emissions. Our study shows that penumbral <span class="hlt">decay</span> is more likely to be detected when associated with large solar flares. The larger the flare magnitude, the stronger the penumbral <span class="hlt">decay</span> is. For X-class flares, almost 50% events show distinct <span class="hlt">decay</span>. But for M- and C-class flares, this percentage drops to 16% and 10%, respectively. For all the events that clear <span class="hlt">decay</span> can be observed, we find that the locations of penumbral <span class="hlt">decay</span> are associated with flare emissions and are connected by prominent TRACE post-flare loops. To explain these observations, we propose <span class="hlt">a</span> reconnection picture in that the penumbral fields change from <span class="hlt">a</span> highly inclined to <span class="hlt">a</span> more vertical configuration, leading to penumbral <span class="hlt">decay</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhFl...20b6602V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhFl...20b6602V"><span>Dipolar eddies in <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">decaying</span> stratified turbulent flow</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Voropayev, S. I.; Fernando, H. J. S.; Morrison, R.</p> <p>2008-02-01</p> <p>Laboratory experiments on the evolution of dipolar (momentum) eddies in <span class="hlt">a</span> stratified fluid in the presence of random background motions are described. <span class="hlt">A</span> turbulent jet puff was used to generate the momentum eddies, and <span class="hlt">a</span> <span class="hlt">decaying</span> field of ambient random vortical motions was generated by <span class="hlt">a</span> towed grid. Data on vorticity/velocity fields of momentum eddies, those of background motions, and their interactions were collected in the presence and absence of the other, and the main characteristics thereof were parametrized. Similarity arguments predict that dipolar eddies in stratified fluids may preserve their identity in <span class="hlt">decaying</span> grid-generated stratified turbulence, which was verified experimentally. Possible applications of the results include mushroomlike currents and other naturally/artificially generated large dipolar eddies in strongly stratified layers of the ocean, the longevity of which is expected to be determined by the characteristics of the eddies and random background motions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25659002','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25659002"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> of turbulence at high reynolds numbers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sinhuber, Michael; Bodenschatz, Eberhard; Bewley, Gregory P</p> <p>2015-01-23</p> <p>Turbulent motions in <span class="hlt">a</span> fluid <span class="hlt">decay</span> at <span class="hlt">a</span> certain rate once stirring has stopped. The role of the most basic parameter in fluid mechanics, the Reynolds number, in setting the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate is not generally known. This Letter concerns the high-Reynolds-number limit of the process. In <span class="hlt">a</span> classical grid-turbulence wind-tunnel experiment that both reaches higher Reynolds numbers than ever before and covers <span class="hlt">a</span> wide range of them (10^{4}<Re=UM/ν<5×10^{6}), we measure the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate with the unprecedented precision of about 2%. Here U is the mean speed of the flow, M is the forcing scale, and ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. We observe that the <span class="hlt">decay</span> rate is Reynolds-number independent, which contradicts some models and supports others.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvD..95k4017L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvD..95k4017L"><span><span class="hlt">Decay</span> behaviors of the Pc hadronic molecules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lin, Yong-Hui; Shen, Chao-Wei; Guo, Feng-Kun; Zou, Bing-Song</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>The Pc(4380 ) and Pc(4450 ) states observed recently by the LHCb experiment were proposed to be either D ¯Σc* or D¯*Σc bound states. We analyze the <span class="hlt">decay</span> behaviors of two such types of hadronic molecules within the effective Lagrangian framework. With branching ratios of ten possible <span class="hlt">decay</span> channels calculated, it is found that the two types of hadronic molecules have distinguishable <span class="hlt">decay</span> patterns. While the D ¯Σc* molecule <span class="hlt">decays</span> dominantly to the D¯*Λc channel with <span class="hlt">a</span> branching ratio by 2 orders of magnitude larger than to D ¯Λc, the D¯*Σc molecule <span class="hlt">decays</span> to these two channels with <span class="hlt">a</span> difference of less than <span class="hlt">a</span> factor of 2. Our results show that the total <span class="hlt">decay</span> width of Pc(4380 ) as the spin-parity-3/2- D ¯Σc* molecule is about <span class="hlt">a</span> factor of 2 larger than the corresponding value for the D¯*Σc molecule. It suggests that the assignment of the D ¯Σc* molecule for Pc(4380 ) is more favorable than the D¯*Σc molecule. In addition, Pc(4450 ) seems to be <span class="hlt">a</span> D¯*Σc molecule with JP=5/2+ in our scheme. Based on these partial <span class="hlt">decay</span> widths of the Pc states, we estimate the cross sections for the reactions γ p →J /ψ p and π p →J /ψ p through the s-channel Pc states. The forthcoming γ p experiment at JLAB and the π p experiment at JPARC should be able to pin down the nature of these Pc states.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/41382','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/41382"><span>Calculated secondary yields for proton broadband using <span class="hlt">DECAY</span> TURTLE</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Sondgeroth, A.</p> <p>1995-02-01</p> <p>The calculations for the yields were done by Al Sondgeroth and Anthony Malensek. The authors used the <span class="hlt">DECAY</span> deck called PBSEC{_}E.DAT from the CMS DECKS library. After obtaining the run modes and calibration modes from the liaison physicist, they made individual <span class="hlt">decay</span> runs, using <span class="hlt">DECAY</span> TURTLE from the CMS libraries and <span class="hlt">a</span> production spectrum subroutine which was modified by Anthony, for each particle and <span class="hlt">decay</span> mode for all particle types coming out of the target box. Results were weighted according to branching ratios for particles with more than one <span class="hlt">decay</span> mode. The production spectra were produced assuming beryllium as themore » target. The optional deuterium target available to broadband will produce slightly higher yields. It should be noted that they did not include pion yields from klong <span class="hlt">decays</span> because they could not simulate three body <span class="hlt">decays</span>. Pions from klongs would add <span class="hlt">a</span> very small fraction to the total yield.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhRvE..88f2134R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhRvE..88f2134R"><span>Memory <span class="hlt">decay</span> and loss of criticality in quorum percolation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Renault, Renaud; Monceau, Pascal; Bottani, Samuel</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>In this paper, we present the effects of memory <span class="hlt">decay</span> on <span class="hlt">a</span> bootstrap percolation model applied to random directed graphs (quorum percolation). The addition of <span class="hlt">decay</span> was motivated by its natural occurrence in physical systems previously described by percolation theory, such as cultured neuronal networks, where <span class="hlt">decay</span> originates from ionic leakage through the membrane of neurons and/or synaptic depression. Surprisingly, this feature alone appears to change the critical behavior of the percolation transition, where discontinuities are replaced by steep but finite slopes. Using different numerical approaches, we show evidence for this qualitative change even for very small <span class="hlt">decay</span> values. In experiments where the steepest slopes can not be resolved and still appear as discontinuities, <span class="hlt">decay</span> produces nonetheless <span class="hlt">a</span> quantitative difference on the location of the apparent critical point. We discuss how this shift impacts network connectivity previously estimated without considering <span class="hlt">decay</span>. In addition to this particular example, we believe that other percolation models are worth reinvestigating, taking into account similar sorts of memory <span class="hlt">decay</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010IJBm...54..617G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010IJBm...54..617G"><span>Assessing the <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance of 17 beef cattle genotypes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gaughan, J. B.; Mader, T. L.; Holt, S. M.; Sullivan, M. L.; Hahn, G. L.</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p>Cattle production plays <span class="hlt">a</span> significant role in terms of world food production. Nearly 82% of the world's 1.2 billion cattle can be found in developing countries. An increasing demand for meat in developing countries has seen an increase in intensification of animal industries, and <span class="hlt">a</span> move to cross-bred animals. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> tolerance is considered to be one of the most important adaptive aspects for cattle, and the lack of thermally-tolerant breeds is <span class="hlt">a</span> major constraint on cattle production in many countries. There is <span class="hlt">a</span> need to not only identify <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerant breeds, but also <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerant animals within <span class="hlt">a</span> non-tolerant breed. Identification of <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerant animals is not easy under field conditions. In this study, panting score (0 to <span class="hlt">4.5</span> scale where 0 = no stress and <span class="hlt">4.5</span> = extreme stress) and the <span class="hlt">heat</span> load index (HLI) [HLIBG<25°C = 10.66 + 0.28 × rh + 1.30 × BG - WS; and, HLI BG> 25°C = 8.62 + 0.38 × rh + 1.55 × BG - 0.5 × WS + e(2.4 - WS), where BG = black globe temperature (oC), rh = relative humidity (decimal form), WS = wind speed (m/s) and e is the base of the natural logarithm] were used to assess the <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance of 17 genotypes (12,757 steers) within 13 Australian feedlots over three summers. The cattle were assessed under natural climatic conditions in which HLI ranged from thermonuetral (HLI < 70) to extreme (HLI > 96; black globe temperature = 40.2°C, relative humidity = 64%, wind speed = 1.58 m/s). When HLI > 96 <span class="hlt">a</span> greater number ( P < 0.001) of pure bred Bos taurus and crosses of Bos taurus cattle had <span class="hlt">a</span> panting score ≥ 2 compared to Brahman cattle, and Brahman-cross cattle. The <span class="hlt">heat</span> tolerance of the assessed breeds was verified using panting scores and the HLI. <span class="hlt">Heat</span> tolerance of cattle can be assessed under field conditions by using panting score and HLI.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16712062','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16712062"><span>String splitting and strong coupling meson <span class="hlt">decay</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cotrone, A L; Martucci, L; Troost, W</p> <p>2006-04-14</p> <p>We study the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of high spin mesons using the gauge-string theory correspondence. The rate of the process is calculated by studying the splitting of <span class="hlt">a</span> macroscopic string intersecting <span class="hlt">a</span> D-brane. The result is applied to the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of mesons in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory with <span class="hlt">a</span> small number of flavors and in <span class="hlt">a</span> gravity dual of large N QCD. In QCD the <span class="hlt">decay</span> of high spin mesons is found to be heavily suppressed in the regime of validity of the supergravity description.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1159568','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1159568"><span>Electron and ion <span class="hlt">heating</span> by whistler turbulence: Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hughes, R. Scott; Gary, S. Peter; Wang, Joseph</p> <p>2014-12-17</p> <p>Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of <span class="hlt">decaying</span> whistler turbulence are carried out on <span class="hlt">a</span> collisionless, homogeneous, magnetized, electron-ion plasma model. In addition, the simulations use an initial ensemble of relatively long wavelength whistler modes with <span class="hlt">a</span> broad range of initial propagation directions with an initial electron beta β e = 0.05. The computations follow the temporal evolution of the fluctuations as they cascade into broadband turbulent spectra at shorter wavelengths. Three simulations correspond to successively larger simulation boxes and successively longer wavelengths of the initial fluctuations. The computations confirm previous results showing electron <span class="hlt">heating</span> is preferentially parallel to the background magnetic fieldmore » B o, and ion <span class="hlt">heating</span> is preferentially perpendicular to B o. The new results here are that larger simulation boxes and longer initial whistler wavelengths yield weaker overall dissipation, consistent with linear dispersion theory predictions of decreased damping, stronger ion <span class="hlt">heating</span>, consistent with <span class="hlt">a</span> stronger ion Landau resonance, and weaker electron <span class="hlt">heating</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6592715','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6592715"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> dissipating nuclear reactor with metal liner</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Gluekler, E.L.; Hunsbedt, A.; Lazarus, J.D.</p> <p>1985-11-21</p> <p><span class="hlt">A</span> nuclear reactor containment including <span class="hlt">a</span> reactor vessel disposed within <span class="hlt">a</span> cavity with capability for complete inherent <span class="hlt">decay</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> removal in the earth and surrounded by <span class="hlt">a</span> cast steel containment member which surrounds the vessel is described in this disclosure. The member has <span class="hlt">a</span> thick basemat in contact with metal pilings. The basemat rests on <span class="hlt">a</span> bed of porous particulate material, into which water is fed to produce steam which is vented to the atmosphere. There is <span class="hlt">a</span> gap between the reactor vessel and the steel containment member. The containment member holds any sodium or core debris escaping from the reactor vessel if the core melts and breaches the vessel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/866184','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/866184"><span><span class="hlt">Heat</span> dissipating nuclear reactor with metal liner</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Gluekler, Emil L.; Hunsbedt, Anstein; Lazarus, Jonathan D.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Disclosed is <span class="hlt">a</span> nuclear reactor containment including <span class="hlt">a</span> reactor vessel disposed within <span class="hlt">a</span> cavity with capability for complete inherent <span class="hlt">decay</span> <span class="hlt">heat</span> removal in the earth and surrounded by <span class="hlt">a</span> cast steel containment member which surrounds the vessel. The member has <span class="hlt">a</span> thick basemat in contact with metal pilings. The basemat rests on <span class="hlt">a</span> bed of porous particulate material, into which water is fed to produce steam which is vented to the atmosphere. There is <span class="hlt">a</span> gap between the reactor vessel and the steel containment member. The containment member holds any sodium or core debris escaping from the reactor vessel if the core melts and breaches the vessel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19770060153&hterms=chirality&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dchirality','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19770060153&hterms=chirality&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dchirality"><span>On the origin of biological chirality via natural beta-<span class="hlt">decay</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Noyes, H. P.; Bonner, W. A.; Tomlin, J. A.</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>An hypothesis to account for the chirality (handedness) of some biological molecules is given. Experimental evidence suggests that longitudinally polarized electrons having the chirality of terrestrial beta-<span class="hlt">decay</span> electrons remove dextro-leucine from <span class="hlt">a</span> racemic mixture. If, by <span class="hlt">a</span> similar mechanism, the terrestrial environment provided more levo- than dextro-amino acids, that would account for the chirality now observed in organic molecules. An isotope of potassium has been proposed as the natural beta-emitter responsible for biomolecular chirality; however, Carbon 14 may be an even more plausible candidate. Ready availability of the carbon isotope in the terrestrial environment of <span class="hlt">4.5</span> aeons ago, and the role of leucine in protein synthesis indicate that these two agents may have been chief factors in the evolution of biomolecular chirality. Suggestions for further research in this area are made.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NPPP..273.2630P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NPPP..273.2630P"><span>The AMoRE: Search for Neutrinoless Double Beta <span class="hlt">Decay</span> in 100Mo</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Park, HyangKyu; AMoRE Collaboration</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The AMoRE (Advanced Mo-based Rare process Experiment) collaboration is going to use calcium molybdate, 40Ca100MoO4 (CMO), crystal scintillators enriched in 100Mo and depleted in 48Ca to search for neutrinoless double-beta (0 νββ) <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 100Mo using <span class="hlt">a</span> technique of cryogenic scintillating bolometers at the underground laboratory in Korea. The collaboration is going to utilize metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMC) as temperature sensors both in <span class="hlt">heat</span> and light channels of CMO detectors operated at milli-Kelvin temperature. Application of relatively fast MMC sensors provides excellent energy resolution, powerful discrimination of internal alpha particles, effective pulse-shape discrimination of randomly coinciding events of two-neutrino double-beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> of 100Mo. In its first phase, the AMoRE-10 will use about 10 kg of CMO crystals. As <span class="hlt">a</span> next step, the AMoRE-200 is going to build about 200 kg detector to reach <span class="hlt">a</span> half-life sensitivity on the level of 1026 years with an aim to explore inverted hierarchy region of the effective Majorana neutrino mass 0.02 - 0.05 eV. Recent progress on the calcium molybdate detectors developments at room and milli-Kelvin temperatures as well as background study based on Monte Carlo simulations will be presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJC...77..870Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJC...77..870Z"><span>Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa-favored B <span class="hlt">decays</span> to <span class="hlt">a</span> scalar meson and <span class="hlt">a</span> D meson</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zou, Zhi-Tian; Li, Ying; Liu, Xin</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In this work, we attempt to study the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa-favored B → \\overline{D} S (" S" denoting the scalar meson) <span class="hlt">decays</span> within the perturbative QCD approach at the leading order and the leading power. Although the light scalar mesons are widely perceived as primarily the four-quark bound states, in practice it is hard for us to make quantitative predictions based on the four-quark picture for light scalars. Hence, we calculate the <span class="hlt">decays</span> with light scalars in the two-quark model. For the <span class="hlt">decays</span> with scalar mesons above 1 GeV, we have explored two possible scenarios, depending on whether the light scalars are treated as the lowest lying q\\bar{q} states or four-quark particles. In total, we calculated the branching fractions of 72 <span class="hlt">decay</span> modes, and most of them are in the range 10^{-4}-10^{-7}, which are measurable in the on-going LHCb experiment and the forthcoming Belle-II experiment. Moreover, since in the standard model these <span class="hlt">decays</span> occur only through tree operators and have no CP asymmetries, any deviation will be <span class="hlt">a</span> signal of new physics beyond the standard model. Despite large uncertainties induced by nonperturbative parameters and corrections of high order and high power, our results and discussions will be useful for the on-going LHCb and the forthcoming Belle-II experiments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1193644-majorana-demonstrator-search-neutrinoless-double-beta-decay-ge','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1193644-majorana-demonstrator-search-neutrinoless-double-beta-decay-ge"><span>The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR: <span class="hlt">A</span> search for neutrinoless double-beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> of ⁷⁶Ge</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Xu, W.; Abgrall, N.; Avignone, F. T.; ...</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) <span class="hlt">decay</span> is <span class="hlt">a</span> hypothesized process where in some even-even nuclei it might be possible for two neutrons to simultaneously <span class="hlt">decay</span> into two protons and two electrons without emitting neutrinos. This is possible only if neutrinos are Majorana particles, i.e. fermions that are their own antiparticles. Neutrinos being Majorana particles would explicitly violate lepton number conservation, and might play <span class="hlt">a</span> role in the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The observation of neutrinoless double-beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> would also provide complementary information related to neutrino masses. The Majorana Collaboration is constructing the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, with <span class="hlt">a</span> total of 40-kg Germanium detectors,more » to search for the 0νββ <span class="hlt">decay</span> of ⁷⁶Ge and to demonstrate <span class="hlt">a</span> background rate at or below 3 counts/(ROI•t•y) in the 4 keV region of interest (ROI) around the 2039 keV Q-value for ⁷⁶Ge 0νββ <span class="hlt">decay</span>. In this paper, we discuss the physics of neutrinoless double beta <span class="hlt">decay</span> and then focus on the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, including its design and approach to achieve ultra-low backgrounds and the status of the experiment.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title45-vol1-sec149-45.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2011-title45-vol1-sec149-45.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">45</span> CFR 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> - Funding limitation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">45</span> Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Funding limitation. 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> Section 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> Public... Funding limitation. (<span class="hlt">a</span>) Based on the projected or actual availability of program funding, the Secretary... accepting applications or satisfying reimbursement requests based on the availability of funding is final...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title45-vol1-sec149-45.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2012-title45-vol1-sec149-45.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">45</span> CFR 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> - Funding limitation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">45</span> Public Welfare 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Funding limitation. 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> Section 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> Public... Funding limitation. (<span class="hlt">a</span>) Based on the projected or actual availability of program funding, the Secretary... accepting applications or satisfying reimbursement requests based on the availability of funding is final...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title45-vol1-sec149-45.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2010-title45-vol1-sec149-45.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">45</span> CFR 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> - Funding limitation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">45</span> Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Funding limitation. 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> Section 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> Public... Funding limitation. (<span class="hlt">a</span>) Based on the projected or actual availability of program funding, the Secretary... accepting applications or satisfying reimbursement requests based on the availability of funding is final...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title45-vol1-sec149-45.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2013-title45-vol1-sec149-45.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">45</span> CFR 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> - Funding limitation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">45</span> Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Funding limitation. 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> Section 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> Public... Funding limitation. (<span class="hlt">a</span>) Based on the projected or actual availability of program funding, the Secretary... accepting applications or satisfying reimbursement requests based on the availability of funding is final...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title45-vol1-sec149-45.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title45-vol1/pdf/CFR-2014-title45-vol1-sec149-45.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">45</span> CFR 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> - Funding limitation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>... <span class="hlt">45</span> Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Funding limitation. 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> Section 149.<span class="hlt">45</span> Public... Funding limitation. (<span class="hlt">a</span>) Based on the projected or actual availability of program funding, the Secretary... accepting applications or satisfying reimbursement requests based on the availability of funding is final...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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