which define the species. A fungal example is provided by the morphological species, Aspergillus flavus is the only fungus known to have a global distribution, the Ascomycete, Aspergillus fumigatus. (a) Size

A process and a microorganism for synthesizing cellulase enzymes and soluble proteins are described. The microorganism is a mutant strain of an Ascomycete fungus capable of the synthesizing cellulases and soluble proteins in the presence of a growth mediu...

A process and a microorganism for synthesizing cellulase enzymes are described. The microorganism is a mutant strain of an Ascomycete fungus capable of synthesizing cellulases. The synthesis of cellulases by the mutant is nonrepressed by glycerol, repress...

The ascomycetous fungus Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen causing Fusarium head blight disease of wheat and barley. To understand early developmental stages of this organism, we followed the germination of macroconidia microscopically to understand the timing of key events. These e...

Liverworts form diverse associations with endophytic fungi similar to mycorrhizas in vascular plants. Whereas the widespread occurrence of glomeromycotes in the basal liverwort lineages is well documented, knowledge of the distribution of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes in derived thalloid and leafy clades is more fragmented. Our discovery that the ramified and septate rhizoids ...

We describe a perithecial, pleomorphic ascomycetous fungus from the Early Devonian (400 mya) Rhynie chert; the fungus occurs in the cortex just beneath the epidermis of aerial stems and rhizomes of the vascular plant Asteroxylon. Perithecia are nearly spherical with a short, ostiolate neck that extends into a substomatal chamber of the ...

Thielavia terrestris is a filamentous ascomycete originally discovered and identified as Allescheria terrestris by Apinis (1963). Strain S-16 was isolated from a soil sample in California and found to grow at temperatures as high as 50 exp 0 C. The fungus...

Pathology Advisory Note (No.7) Problems on plane trees The Research Agency of the Forestry excellent shade trees in an urban setting. However, there is increasing awareness of several pathogens ascomycete fungus, Splanchnonema platani (anamorph: Macrodiplodiopsis desmazieresii) causing branch dieback

Deciphering the geographic origins of pathogens and elucidating the population biology of these microscopic organisms are necessary steps to establish effective disease-control strategies. The generalist ascomycete fungus Eutypa lata causes Eutypa dieback of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) worldwide. To ...

the mutualism between a dominant plant (Lolium arundinaceum) and symbiotic fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium, Lolium arundinaceum, Neotyphodium, ordination, rarefaction, symbiosis. Ecology Letters (2008) 11: 831 by manipulating the presence of the endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum (Ascomycetes: Clavicipita- ceae

Ant-fungus associations are well known from attine ants, whose nutrition is based on a symbiosis with basidiomycete fungi. Otherwise, only a few non-nutritional ant-fungus associations have been recorded to date. Here we focus on one of these associations involving Allomerus plant-ants that build galleried structures on their myrmecophytic hosts in order ...

Yes 7 Pacific Coast irises Pacific Coast USA 1 5 Yes 8 Fungus Ascomycete fungi (Aspergillus flavus (Fusarium oxysporum group) Global 1 5-6 Yes 11 Fungus Global 22�45 45 Unknown 12 Fungi (Aspergillus

1052/3 The peptide alamethicin was labelled with I3C and "N by growing the fungus Trichoderma viride ;NMR. Alamethicin is a 20-amino-acid antibiotic peptide secreted by the fungus Trichoderma viride. However, Trichoderma spp., and other Deuteromycetes, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes, are saprophytes

During a preliminary survey to report the biodiversity of endophytic fungi associated with leaves of some woody plants from El Eden Ecological Reserve in Mexico, a new fungus was isolated from Callicarpa acuminata leaves. Cultures of this fungus on PDA form a white floccose colony with a reddish-bro...

A novel filamentous fungus strain designated RB-1 was isolated into pure culture from Japanese rice field soil through an anaerobic role tube technique. The strain is a mitosporic fungus that grows in both aerobic and strict anaerobic conditions using various mono-, di-, tri-, and polysaccharides with acetate and ethanol productions. The amount of acetate ...

There are only a few reports on agglutinins from ascomycete and medicinal fungi. An HA (haemagglutinin), with an N-terminal amino acid sequence different from those of known lectins, was isolated in the present study from dried fruiting bodies of the medicinal ascomycete fungus Cordyceps militaris. The purification protocol consisted ...

In a screening of saprotrophic, ectomycorrhizal and plant pathogen ascomycetes a frequent occurrence of laccase was observed. Lamprospora wrightii, the best producing organism, was chosen to elucidate the properties of a laccase from a moss-associated, saprotrophic ascomycete. The expression of laccase by this bryophilic fungus could ...

BackgroundRhizopus oryzae is a zygomycete filamentous fungus, well-known as a saprobe ubiquitous in soil and as a pathogenic/spoilage fungus, causing Rhizopus rot and mucomycoses.ResultsCarbohydrate Active enzyme (CAZy) annotation of the R. oryzae identified, in contrast to other filamentous fungi, a low number of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and a high ...

Rice blast disease caused by the filamentous ascomycetous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae remains to be one of the most serious threats for food security globally. Using resistance (R) genes in integrated cultural practices has been the most powerful practice for rice crop protection. Genetic analysis s...

The Ascomycetous fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating pathogen capable of infecting more than 400 plant species including many economically important crops. In order to gain a better mechanistic understanding of its non-specific host-pathogen interactions, random mutagenesis through Agro...

Eutypa lata is an ascomycete fungus causing dieback of grape (Vitis vinifera). We examined the genetic structure of eight vineyard collections using nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. In California, isolates were collected from four vineyards (CS1, CS2, M1 and M2) separated by distances of 50 m t...

Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from the ascomycete fungus Sclerotinia subarctica nom. prov. In Alaska, this pathogen causes white mold vegetable diseases sympatrically with the cosmopolitan and closely related Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Eighteen alleles were observed across the 4...

The ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola is an important pathogen of wheat that causes the disease septoria tritici blotch. Despite the serious impact of M. graminicola on wheat production worldwide, knowledge about its molecular biology is limited. The velvet gene, veA, is one of the key re...

The ascomycete fungus Eutypa lata, causal agent of Eutypa dieback of grapevine (Vitis vinifera), impacts all vineyard production systems worldwide. Our objectives were to characterize the population structure of E. lata at different geographical scales to identify migration patterns through ascospor...

and recombination in the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus (population genetics mycotoxin biological (received for review July 21, 1997) ABSTRACT Aspergillus flavus, like approximately one� third of ascomycete Aspergillus that are important in food safety and production, addressing questions about reproductive mode

Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic Ascomycete fungus that serves as a biological control agent of Mormon crickets (Anabrus simplex Haldeman) and other grasshopper pests. To measure the dose dependent response of Mormon crickets to fungal attack, we applied B. bassiana strain GHA topically to...

Polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are multifunctional enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of diverse small molecules (e.g., mycotoxins and phytotoxins) in filamentous ascomycetes. Both PKS and NRPS genes are present in fungal genomes as large gene families but...

Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E.S. Salmon (Ascomycetes, Erysiphales) is the etiological agent of a powdery mildew disease that occurs on rosaceous plants, primarily Malus and Pyrus. This fungus is nearly circumglobal. In May 2009, leaves of Bradford pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.), some di...

Didymella rabiei (anamorph: Ascochyta rabiei), the ascomycete fungus that causes Ascochyta blight of chickpea, produces pseudothecia on overwintered chickpea debris. Ascospores released from pseudothecia are thought to constitute an important primary inoculum source for Ascochyta blight epidemics i...

Swiss needle cast disease of Douglas-fir is caused by the ascomycete fungus Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii. Symptoms of the disease are foliage chlorosis and premature needle abscission due to occlusion of stomata by the ascocarps of the pathogen, resulting in impaired needle gas exchange. Severe defol...

In habitats where nitrogen is the limiting factor, carnivorous fungi gain an advantage by preying on nematodes and other microorganisms. These fungi are abundant in modern terrestrial ecosystems, but they are not predestined for preservation as fossils. Conclusions on their evolutionary history are therefore mainly based on molecular studies that are generally limited to those taxa that have ...

The mode of reproduction of the soil ascomycetous fungus Emericella nidulans of Israeli populations was studied using 15 microsatellite (simple sequence repeats or SSR) trinucleotide markers. The study was performed in three canyons: two located in the northern part of Israel (Mount Carmel and western Upper Galilee) and one in the southern Negev desert. In ...

Simple cladogenetic theory suggests that gene genealogies can be used to detect mixis in a population and delineate reproductively isolated groups within sexual taxa. We have taken this approach in a study of Coccidioides immitis, an ascomycete fungus responsible for a recent epidemic of coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) in California. To test whether this ...

Symbionts and endophytes of Hungarian orchids were studied at diverse habitats. Mycobionts of roots and in situ germinated protocorms of 15 orchid species were identified by molecular methods. Four fungal groups could be distinguished from orchids living at diversely wet treeless habitats: Ceratobasidiaceae, Epulorhiza 1, Epulorhiza 2 and Sebacinaceae. While the groups Ceratobasidiaceae and ...

The genome of the ectomycorrhizal ascomycete Tubermelanosporum has recently been published and this has given researchers unique opportunities to learn more about the biology of this precious edible fungus. The epigeous ascomycete lives in Mediterranean countries in symbiotic interaction with roots of broad-leaf trees such as oaks and ...

Alascospora evergladensis, a freshwater ascomycete collected from submerged dead petioles of Nymphaea odorata during a survey of aquatic fungi along a phosphorus gradient in the Florida Everglades, is described and illustrated as a new genus and species in the Pleosporales (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes). The new fungus is unique among genera in the ...

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) and lychee (Litchi chinensis) are tropical trees in the Sapindaceae that produce delicious edible fruits and are increasingly cultivated in tropical regions. These trees are afflicted with a stem canker disease associated with the ascomycete Dolabra nepheliae. Previously known from Asia and Australia, this fungus was recently ...

A novel cold-tolerant fungus, Fibulorhizoctonia�psychrophila, was isolated from a refrigerated carrot storage facility and identified as an anamorph of Athelia, often classified in Rhizoctonia�s.l. Growth of this fungus was observed between 0 and 20�C with an optimum at 9�12�C, while incubation of mycelium grown at 15�32�C resulted in absence ...

Symbioses between plants and fungi, fungi and ants, and ants and plants all play important roles in ecosystems. Symbioses involving all three partners appear to be rare. Here, we describe a novel tripartite symbiosis in which ants and a fungus inhabit domatia of an ant-plant, and present evidence that such interactions are widespread. We investigated 139 individuals of the ...

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is among the most important gases for all organisms. Its reversible interconversion to bicarbonate (HCO₃^?) reaches equilibrium spontaneously, but slowly, and can be accelerated by a ubiquitous group of enzymes called carbonic anhydrases (CAs). These enzymes are grouped by their distinct structural features ...

Traditional fruiting body-based classification of ascomycetes has been under attack for 2 decades. Fruiting-body types can converge, and few researchers now assume that either the closed fruiting bodies (cleistothecia) characterizing the class Plectomycetes or the flask-shaped fruiting bodies (perithecia) characterizing the class Pyrenomycetes are stable, unifying characters. ...

BackgroundThe biosynthesis of leucine is a biochemical pathway common to prokaryotes, plants and fungi, but absent from humans and animals. The pathway is a proposed target for antimicrobial therapy.Methodology/Principal FindingsHere we identified the leuA gene encoding ?-isopropylmalate synthase in the zygomycete fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus using a genetic mapping ...

Four new cyclic tetradecapeptides, verrucamides A-D (1-4), have been isolated from the solid-substrate fermentation culture of the ascomycete fungus Myrothecium verrucaria. The structures of these compounds, each featuring six N-methylated amino acid residues, were elucidated primarily by NMR and MS methods. The absolute configurations of 1-4 were assigned ...

The nucleotide sequence (2617 nucleotides) of virus-like double-stranded (ds) RNA 3a in a diseased isolate, Log1/3-8d2 (Ld), of the ascomycete fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi has been determined. One strand of the dsRNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) with the potential to encode a protein of 718 amino acids, and the complementary strand contains two ...

Sequencing-by-synthesis technologies can reduce the cost of generating de novo genome assemblies. We report a method for assembling draft genome sequences of eukaryotic organisms that integrates sequence information from different sources, and demonstrate its effectiveness by assembling an approximately 32.5 Mb draft genome sequence for the forest pathogen Grosmannia clavigera, an ...

Aspergillus flavus, like approximately one�third of ascomycete fungi, is thought to be cosmopolitan and clonal because it has uniform asexual morphology. A. flavus produces aflatoxin on nuts, grains, and cotton, and assumptions about its life history are being used to develop strategies for its biological control. We tested the assumptions of clonality and conspecificity in ...

The ascomycete fungus Gibberella zeae is an important plant pathogen that causes fusarium head blight on small grains. Molecular studies of this fungus have been performed extensively to uncover the biological mechanisms related to pathogenicity, toxin production, and sexual reproduction. Molecular methods, such as targeted gene ...

Keywords: Bibliographies, indexes, fungi, products, ascomycetes, phycomycetes, wood decay fungi, ascomycetes, bibliography, fungi imperfecti. View and Print ...

BackgroundPrevious studies in Ascomycetes have shown that the function of gene families of which the size is considerably larger in extant pathogens than in non-pathogens could be related to pathogenicity traits. However, by only comparing gene inventories in extant species, no insights can be gained into the evolutionary process that gave rise to these larger family sizes in ...

Fungi and bacteria are key players in the decomposition of leaf litter, but their individual contributions to the process and their interactions are still poorly known. We combined semi-quantitative proteome analyses (1-D PAGE-LC-MS/MS) with qualitative and quantitative analyses of extracellular degradative enzyme activities to unravel the respective roles of a fungus and a ...

Two filamentous fungi with different phenotypes were isolated from crushed healthy spores or perforated dead spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Scutellospora castanea. Based on comparative sequence analysis of 5.8S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer fragments, one isolate, obtained from perforated dead spores only, was assigned to the genus Nectria, ...

The relationship of ascomycetous yeasts with other members of the ascomycete fungi (Ascomycota) has been controversial for over 100 years. Because yeasts are morphologically simple, it was proposed that they represent primitive forms of ascomycetes (e.g., Guilliermond 1912). Alternatively, the ide...

The velvet factor of the homothallic fungus Aspergillus nidulans promotes sexual fruiting body formation. The encoding veA gene is conserved among fungi, including the ascomycete Neurospora crassa. There, the orthologous ve-1 gene encodes a deduced protein with high similarity to A. nidulans VeA. Cross-complementation experiments suggest that both the ...

This Mycosphaerella graminicola pathogen profile covers recent advances in the knowledge of this ascomycete fungus and of the disease it causes, septoria tritici blotch of wheat. Research on this pathogen has accelerated since publication of a previous pathogen profile in this journal in 2002. Septoria tritici blotch continues to have high economic ...

Northeastern Estonia is home to extensive oil shale mines. Associated with these are desolate and environmentally damaging hills of ash and semicoke tailings. Interestingly, some of the first plants to colonize these hills are rare orchids. Here, we assess the identities of the mycorrhizal fungi associated with these orchids, in particular Epipactis atrorubens, Orchis militaris, and Dactylorhiza ...

The lac1 gene encoding an extracellular laccase was isolated from the thermophilic fungus Melanocarpus albomyces. This gene has five introns, and it encodes a protein consisting of 623 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the laccase was shown to have high homology with laccases from other ascomycetes. In addition to removal of a putative ...

While most Ascomycetes tend to associate principally with plants, the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are primary pathogens of immunocompetent mammals, including humans. Infection results from environmental exposure to Coccidiodies, which is believed to grow as a soil saprophyte in arid deserts. To investigate hypotheses about the life history ...

While most Ascomycetes tend to associate principally with plants, the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are primary pathogens of immunocompetent mammals, including humans. Infection results from environmental exposure to Coccidiodies, which is believed to grow as a soil saprophyte in arid deserts. To investigate hypotheses about the life history ...

Carotenoids are a structurally diverse class of terpenoid pigments that are synthesized by many microorganisms and plants. In this study, we identified five putative carotenoid biosynthetic genes from the ascomycete Gibberella zeae (GzCarB, GzCarO, GzCarRA, GzCarT, and GzCarX). HPLC showed that the fungus produces two carotenoids: neurosporaxanthin and ...

... Descriptors : *BIBLIOGRAPHIES, *FUNGI, *WOOD, TREES, PLANTS(BOTANY), ASCOMYCETES, DEUTEROMYCETES(IMPERFECT FUNGI ...

Mycorrhizal ascomycetous fungi are obligate ectosymbionts that colonize the roots of gymnosperms and angiosperms. In this paper we describe a straightforward approach in which a combination of morphological and molecular methods was used to survey the presence of potentially endo- and epiphytic bacteria associated with the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal ...

A radial basis function (RBF) neural network was developed and evaluated against a quadratic response surface model to predict the maximum specific growth rate of the ascomycetous fungus Monascus ruber in relation to temperature (20-40 degrees C), water activity (0.937-0.970) and pH (3.5-5.0), based on the data of Panagou et al. [Panagou, E.Z., Skandamis, ...

The lead phosphate precipitation method showed the reaction product of acid phosphatase (which reflects the presence of the enzyme glycoprotein) in peripheral cytoplasmic vesicles in the ascomycetous fungus Claviceps purpurea. The product appeared to diffuse from these vesicles (diameter 100-200 nm) towards the cell wall, usually to its sites covered by ...

This article highlights the first results of investigations on the general vitality and damage endpoints caused by cosmic ionizing radiation in dry, dormant plant seeds of the crucifer plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Hennh. and the ascomycete Sordaria fimicola after 69 month stay in space. Wild-type and mutant gene marker lines were included in Free Flyer Biostack containers ...

A new 12-membered macrolide, balticolid (1) was isolated from the EtOAc extract of the culture broth of fungal strain 222 belonging to the Ascomycota, which was found on driftwood collected from the coast of the Greifswalder Bodden, Baltic Sea, Germany. The structure of balticolid was determined to be (3R,11R), (4E,8E)-3-hydroxy-11-methyloxacyclododeca-4,8-diene-1,7-dione using extensive spectral ...

A new 12-membered macrolide, balticolid (1) was isolated from the EtOAc extract of the culture broth of fungal strain 222 belonging to the Ascomycota, which was found on driftwood collected from the coast of the Greifswalder Bodden, Baltic Sea, Germany. The structure of balticolid was determined to be (3R,11R), (4E,8E)-3-hydroxy-11-methyloxacyclododeca-4,8-diene-1,7-dione using extensive spectral ...

BackgroundVenturia inaequalis is an ascomycete fungus responsible for apple scab, a disease that has invaded almost all apple growing regions worldwide, with the corresponding adverse effects on apple production. Monitoring and predicting the effectiveness of intervention strategies require knowledge of the origin, introduction pathways, and population ...

BackgroundBlastocladiella emersonii is an aquatic fungus of the Chytridiomycete class, which is at the base of the fungal phylogenetic tree. In this sense, some ancestral characteristics of fungi and animals or fungi and plants could have been retained in this aquatic fungus and lost in members of late-diverging fungal species. To identify in B. emersonii ...

Rice blast disease, caused by heterothallic ascomycete Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most serious fungal diseases of rice throughout the world. The disease attacks rice plants throughout the season and causes severe yield losses. The pathogenesis of M. grisea is due to a complex process that spans the entire life cycle of the pathogen. The process including germination of ...

Three new sesquiterpene acids, xylaric acids A-C (1-3, resp.), and a new tetralone (=3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one) derivative, 4, along with nine known compounds, xylaric acid D (5), hydroheptelidic acid (6), gliocladic acid (7), chlorine heptelidic acid (8), trichoderonic acid A (9), 16-(?-D-mannopyranosyloxy)isopimar-7-en-19-oic acid (10), 16-(?-D-glucopyranosyloxy)isopimar-7-en-19-oic acid ...

Members of the cyanovirin-N homolog (CVNH) lectin family are found in bacteria, fungi and plants. As part of our ongoing work on CVNH structure-function studies, we determined the high-resolution NMR solution structure of the homolog from the wheat head blight disease causing ascomycetous fungus Gibberella zeae (or Fusarium graminearum), hereafter called ...

We explored the molecular diversity of cytochrome P450 genes in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae using bioinformatic and experimental approaches. Based on bioinformatic annotation, we found 155 putative genes of cytochromes P450 in the whole genome sequence; however, 13 of 155 appeared to be pseudogenes due to sequence deletions and/or inframe stop codon(s). There are ...

The causal agent of rice blast disease, the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe grisea, infects rice (Oryza sativa) plants by means of specialized infection structures called appressoria, which are formed on the leaf surface and mechanically rupture the cuticle. We have identified a gene, Magnaporthe metallothionein 1 (MMT1), which is highly expressed throughout ...