... Films for Spacecraft Survivability to Laser Radiation. ... Corporate Author : PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER ... the degree of damage caused by ...

... for solid laminates and sandwich structures indicated that the substitution of syntactic films for the central plies of fiber prepreg laminas caused no ...

... absorbance. Of the solvents polythiophene was exposed to, only isopropyl alcohol caused no film deformation. A reactive ...

... Accession Number : ADD808565. Title : Thin Film Deposition Techniques Aid the Cause for Miniaturization. Descriptive Note : Journal article,. ...

Jul 22, 2002 ... microwave absorbing materials, and excited to cause selec- tive heating in the skin depth of the films. This causes ...

The effect of the state of stress at a film-substrate interface on the elastic deformation of Ti films is studied during alternating bending. The Al substrate compliance is shown to cause coherent deformation of the film-substrate system, resulting in the corrugation of a Ti film and the ...

With properly exposed color or infrared color film, discolored foliage caused by insect infestations

XY() + cosA*cosB*sinC + sinA*cosC) < DEPS ); assert ( TMath::Abs(RR.XZ() - cosA* sinB) < DEPS ); assert ( TMath::Abs(RR.YX() - sinA*cosB*cosC - cosA*sinC) ...

The patent describes a process of transporting, in suspension, a mixture of wastepaper and thermoplastic film in a hot gas stream causing the thermoplastic film to contract upon itself and form particles, thereby decreasing its specific surface to such an...

When gas is adsorbed onto thin metal films, electrical resistance increases. The thinner the film, the greater the resistance. A decrease in the free conduction electrons of the film or a reduction in the effective thickness of the film will not explain t...

The deflection of electron beams by the Lorentz force in passing through thin ferromagnetic films is caused by magnetization of the film as well as by the opposed eigenfields. The effect of the eigenfields is dependent on the shape of the film. The experimentally determined dependence of radiation ...

The process of laser ablation of the thin film in solid or liquid phase in the before-evaporation regime is considered. The physical model of film ablation caused by thermal tension, occurring in the film by its fast laser heating, is proposed. The dependence of velocity of film fragment ...

This study has found that liquid film breakdown in isopropanol, ethylene glycol, and water mixtures occurred only in systems with negative surface tension gradients. These systems were characterized by a decrease in local surface tension with a decrease in film thickness. Thus, the direction of surface tension gradient with respect to ...

... while switching to either argan Or L nitrogen caused a slow increase in the friction and a reductionl in A- the film resistivity, typically to the end of ...

... gum) disease is caused by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. ... teeth well twice a day. This removes the film of bacteria from the teeth. Be sure to ...

analysis or design refinement. Changes caused by erroneous data or design omissions and errors are also to be expected. 517. PRECEDING PAGE BLA?& MOP FILMED ...

... FILMS CAUSED BY HIGH ENERGY ION IRRADIATION. ... ENERGY (85 MEV) NICKEL IONS ON DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON THIN FILMS ...

... Addition of lithium nitrate to phthalic acid electrolytes causes porosity in anodized Zilms, but the lithium ions do not enter the oxide film I/ .... I ...

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation of wavelengths between 115 and 200 nm produced by the sun in the space environment can cause degradation to polymer films ...

Drainage of foam films with different radii (50-150 ?m), stabilized by hexathylene glycol dodecyl ether C(12)E(6) and in a presence of 0.024 M NaCl, were analyzed in the light of a recent dynamic fractal classification of [1]. The latter accounts for the effect of film surface corrugations developed during the film drainage. For ...

Drainage of foam films with different radii (50-150 ?m), stabilized by hexathylene glycol dodecyl ether C12E6 and in a presence of 0.024 M NaCl, were analyzed in the light of a recent dynamic fractal classification [1]. The latter accounts for the effect of film surface corrugations developed during the film drainage. For simplicity, ...

Hafnium dioxide thin films were deposited by reactive electron-beam evaporation at six different substrate temperatures on fused-silica substrates. During the depositions, the scattering of light caused by the growth of defects in the films was recorded with in situ total internal reflection microscopy. After deposition the ...

In the curve of the superconducting transition of a film a step structure due to the effect of UHF radiation was experimentally found. This structure is supposed to be related to the non-equilibrium and the inhomogeneity of the state of the film in the UH...

A process is disclosed for the preparation of a semiconductor film. The process comprises depositing nanoparticles of a semiconductor material onto a substrate whose surface temperature during nanoparticle deposition thereon is sufficient to cause substantially simultaneous fusion of the nanoparticles to thereby coalesce with each other and effectuate ...

A process for the preparation of a semiconductor film. The process comprises depositing nanoparticles of a semiconductor material onto a substrate whose surface temperature during nanoparticle deposition thereon is sufficient to cause substantially simultaneous fusion of the nanoparticles to thereby coalesce with each other and effectuate ...

NbN thin films have been studied which exhibit both a negative temperature coefficients of resistance in the normal state and superconductivity. The disappearance of superconductivity along these films appears to be caused by the onset of strong localizat...

NbN thin films have been studied which exhibit both a negative TCR in the normal state and superconductivity. The disappearance of superconductivity along these films appears to be caused by the onset of strong localization of the electronic states in the interislandic regions. (auth)

Thick-film techniques were used to create a gas sensor that has a semiconducting oxide surface whose catalytic activity varies from point to point. An integral heater causes the oxide film to react with combustible gases; the electrical resistance of the ...

Atomistic simulations are reviewed that elucidate the causes of the anomalous elastic behavior of thin films and superlattices (the so-called supermodulus effect). The investigation of free-standing thin films and of superlattices of grain boundaries show...

The first quarterly report of 1976 reviews the present understanding of gold-platinum thick-film inks, their solderability, and the degradation of adhesion strength of the soldered film caused by thermal aging. In addition, metal powders for the model ink...

to the touch. Causes A stye is caused by bacteria from the skin that get into the oil glands in the eyelids that provide lubrication to the tear film. Styes are similar to common...

... The RF plasma oxidation at ambient temperature caused severe etching of graphite and DLC specimens, while causing only minor damage to ...

with readings ranging from 2.03 to 3.98 ttA, SIN 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 and 98 mnoeeded the maxitnuut specication limit of 2.0 p,A for ICCL, with readings ...

... A6 = sin e cos aA\\\\) + sin aA( 2.5 REFERENCES 2.5. 1 Explanatory Supplement, American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, 1961. ...

Starting materials for the preparation of thick film cadmium sulfide and cadmium telluride solar cells have been comminuted. Initial trial films of cadmium sulfide showed that during the next phase of this work, the printing of films, one of the major problem areas will be to obtain sufficient reflow in the printed ...

... Higher concentrations caused bubble instability, more frequent ruptures and the formation of flaws on the wall of the bubble. ...

... the design is such that the shaft "floats" on a film of oil so that there is no contact between the shaft and the bearings. Extreme heat will cause the ...

The presence of chlorides in aqueous solutions causes pitting attack or stress corrosion cracking in

This is consistent with its greater water solubility, which causes it to be transported by convective flow during the film coalescence process. The behavior of the ...

... bands separated by a wide forbidden band from completely empty electronic conduction bands causing them to be electrical insulators and to be ...

... kc. This frequency limit is caused by Ithe reduced output voltage swing of the flip-flop, At this frequency the output voltage ...

The surface of the QCM is coated with the polymer, and the mass uptake by the polymer film causes a change in the oscillating frequency of the quartz ...

Bacillus subtilis degR, a positive regulator of the production of degradative enzymes, is negatively regulated by the competence transcription factor ComK which is overproduced in mecA null mutants. We used transposon Tn10 to search for a mutation that reduced the repression level of degR caused by a mecA mutation. A new gene exerting positive regulation on comK was obtained ...

indirect heating of the film causes it to thin would explain the data if there were dissipative film flow by the superfluid flow of the film. Subsequently it was found that significant x-ray-induced film thinning existsX-ray-induced thinning of 3 He and 3 He�4 He mixture ...

Last month I addressed the subject of pinholes in thin films and ways to minimize them. The subject this month is another cause for success, or failure, of thin films, adhesion. I was motivated to discuss this horrendously complicated subject by a conference I recently attended, Adhesion Aspects of Thin Films ...

, the polymer film swells and becomes a highly concentrated polymer solution. The polymer glass transition polymer films with a thickness below the capillary length. A well-known example is the spontaneous film destabilization of thin polymer films caused by repulsive van der Waals forces. This ...

We report on Raman scattering of VO2 films prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering under different conditions. Our investigations revealed that the dominated Raman peaks shift towards high frequency for both V-rich and O-rich VO2 films, compared with the stoichiometry VO2 films. The experimental evidence is presented and the ...

We discuss a possibility of using the Ampere force for deployment and stabilization of film structures in space. It is supposed that a conductor connected with a power supply is deposited on the surface of a thin film, or solar batteries are used as conductors with current. The stress and strain of the thin film, ...

We describe a spatial pattern arising from the nonuniform evaporation of a colloidal film. Immediately after the film deposition, an obstacle is positioned above its free surface, minimizing evaporation at this location. In a first stage, the film dries everywhere but under the obstacle, where a liquid region remains. Subsequently, ...

In the present investigation of the optical surface of the three widely used, biaxially oriented capacitor films, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyester, with attention to film surface defects and thickness variation, the defects and their rate of occurrence proved traceable in terms of polymer structure, chemical grouping, and fabrication ...

A process for the deposition of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films, on porous substrates, has been developed. These films have possible applications as electrolyte membranes in fuel cells. The films were deposited from colloidal suspensions through the vacuum infiltration technique. Films were deposited on both ...

The different film thicknesses of the sodium alginate-magnesium aluminum silicate (SA-MAS) microcomposite films were prepared by varying volumes of the composite dispersion for casting. Effect of film thickness on thermal behavior, solid-state crystallinity, mechanical properties, water uptake and erosion, and water vapor and drug ...

A method of annealing silicon thin films by direct Joule heating of an intrinsic silicon film is suggested. Although amorphous silicon (a-Si) is an insulator, the electrical resistance of a-Si films can be lowered to a value that enables Joule heating by preheating a glass substrate, on which an insulation layer and an a-Si ...

We examined the structural and electrical properties of silver sulfide films as a function of the sulfurization time of 70-nm-thick Ag films. Variations in the sulfurization time caused variations in the Ag/S atomic percentage ratio of the silver sulfide films, and as-grown films with various ...

The qualities of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) silicon nitride films can be improved by increasing the deposition temperature. This report compares PECVD silicon nitride films to low pressure chemical vapor deposited (LPCVD) films. The dependence of the film properties on process parameters, ...

The hydrogen distribution in tantalum and tantalum oxide thin films has been examined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Tantalum and tantalum oxide thin films implanted with deuterium were analyzed by conventional SIMS. Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) devices were analyzed by backside SIMS. The results of these measurements show that the hydrogen ...

We report the electrical resistance and microstructure of sputter deposited copper thin films grown in an oxygen containing ion-beam sputtering atmosphere. For films thinner than 5 nm, 2-10% oxygen causes a decrease in film resistance, while for thicker films there is a monotonic increase in ...

It is found in this study that crystalline reconstruction occurs when a nonmagnetic Ni-Cr-Fe film and a ferromagnetic Ni-Fe film are sequentially deposited, but does not occur when the deposition sequence is reversed. This unexpected phenomenon causes the Ni-Cr-Fe/Ni-Fe films to behave more like a monolayer ...

The mathematical model of rotating electrohydrodynamic flows in a thin suspended liquid film is proposed and studied. The flows are driven by the given difference of potentials in one direction and constant external electric field E(out) in another direction in the plane of a film. To derive the model, we employ the spatial averaging over the normal ...

Cobalt ferrite thin films were pulsed laser deposited on fused quartz substrates at different substrate temperatures and ex-situ annealed at 750 degrees C in air. Grain size of these films was found to be 6-44 nm. Magnetization of these nanocrystalline thin films was found to be dependent on the substrate temperature. Magnetization ...

The lubricant film thickness between two contacting surfaces is important for the evaluation of lubrication effectiveness. According to the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory, the film thickness of pure water is usually on the order of a few nanometers. It was found, however, that microcontent of oil contamination can cause a ...

Decohesion of thin films from ceramic or semiconductor substrates is strongly influenced by internal stresses in films and stress concentrations from edges or flaws as well as by interfacial fracture energy. Residual stresses can cause spontaneous delamination, splitting and curling of films under tension or ...

We present a model of charge transport in polycrystalline electronic films, which considers details of the microscopic scale while simultaneously allowing realistically sized films to be simulated. We discuss the approximations and assumptions made by the model, and rationalize its application to thin films of directionally ...

Films of isotopic mixtures of helium have been studied using x-ray specular reflectivity techniques. In contrast with superfluid {sup 4}He films, x-ray exposure causes a reduction in the thickness of {sup 4}He films above the superfluid transition as well as films of pure {sup 3}He and {sup ...

In previous papers, we found that the mean square displacement ?u2? in polystyrene thin films decreased with film thickness and discussed two possible causes for the decrease. One is the hard interface layer between the polymer thin film and the substrate, and the other is the spatial confinement effect of polymer ...

A liquid film is drawn along a rotating pipe by the centrifugal force, and pushed toward the trailing edge of the pipe by the Coriolis effect. A simple expression is developed to describe the fraction of the pipe circumference wetted by such a film. The wetted circumference is measured experimentally using a variety of techniques. Good agreement with ...

Investigation of anodically formed nickel hydroxide/oxy-hydroxide electrodes has determined that the phase boundary between the materials evolves via a nodular structure within the electrode film during the anodic oxidation reaction. This nodular growth mechanism is caused by the disparity in conductivity between the phases. Unconverted material is trapped ...

The experimental investigations of the interaction of the pulsed laser radiation with different types of thin films are presented. Polycluster diamond films, aluminum nitride films, and indium tin oxide films were investigated. A high efficiency inelastic scattering of light due to optoacoustic interaction was ...

We report the electrical resistance and microstructure of sputter deposited copper thin films grown in an oxygen containing ion-beam sputtering atmosphere. For films thinner than 5 nm, 2-10% oxygen causes a decrease in film resistance, while for thicker f...

Porous alumina films had been fabricated by anodizing from aluminum films after an electropolishing procedure. Alumina stripes without pores can be distinguished on the surface of the porous alumina films. The width of the alumina stripes increases proportionally with the anodizing voltage. And the pores tend to be initiated close to ...

Nanoindentation is used for measuring mechanical properties of thin films. This paper addresses potential measurement errors caused by pile-up when soft films deposited on hard substrates are tested this way. Pile-up is exacerbated in soft film/hard subst...

Disclosed is a method of producing thin films by sintering which comprises: a. coating a substrate with a thin film of an inorganic glass forming parulate material possessing the capability of being sintered, and b. irridiating said thin film of said particulate material with a laser beam of sufficient power to ...

Disclosed is a method of producing thin films by sintering which comprises: (a) coating a substrate with a thin film of an inorganic glass forming material possessing the capability of being sintered; and (b) irradiating said thin film of said particulate material with a laser beam of sufficient power to cause ...

with a permalloy film using Raman scat- tering. The effect of silicon membrane thickness and permalloy film the silicon membrane that was covered and uncovered by the permalloy film. Silicon membranes in the thickness of stress ap- peared on silicon membranes caused by deposited magnetic films ...

We report measurements of heat transport from a solid substrate into a thick superfluid {sup 4}He film at sub-kelvin temperatures. We believe this transport is bottlenecked by the insufficient generation of excitations in the film capable of causing evaporation of atoms. An effective film temperature and an ...

and an improved process for the direct patterning of DNA films. The process of extraction and purificationDose effects in electron beam irradiation of DNA-complex thin films W. Li, R. Jones, H. Spaeth of double-stranded DNA dsDNA -surfactant thin films was investigated. Irradiation caused dissociation

An increase of the spin-disorder resistivity with decreasing film thickness has been observed in thulium thin films prepared in UHV. X-ray diffraction investigation in thinner films with thickness below approximately = 100 nm revealed that this dependence is caused by a structural change.

Separating x-ray source fluctuations from film processing variations is a difficult task. We have established a system which monitors the performance of our film and film processing. In order to monitor consistency we have developed two devices, the spotburner'' and the flasher.'' The spotburner ...

Separating x-ray source fluctuations from film processing variations is a difficult task. We have established a system which monitors the performance of our film and film processing. In order to monitor consistency we have developed two devices, the ``spotburner`` and the ``flasher.`` The spotburner allows us to expose uniform small ...

Marginal regeneration is the rate-determining drainage mechanism in mobile vertical liquid films stabilized with surfactants. Mysels, Frankel, and Shinoda explained this process from (thermal) thickness fluctuations, like capillary waves. The Laplace underpressure in the Plateau border would exert a larger force on a thick, rather than on a thinner film ...

``The rhetoric of the film'' means the combination of the film techniques based on a film director's purpose. A system of computational film generation must include the rhetorical aspects. In this paper, we discuss using computational film creation as a type of rhetoric in our strategy for ...

Direct numerical simulation and experiment have been conducted for turbulent water flow around a waving film with polysaccharide in order to examine the modification of turbulence by the exudation of the polysaccharide. The cluster models of beads, springs and dashpots are introduced near the film as representative of the entangled biopolymers. Sinusoidal ...

In this study, antimicrobial films were developed against Campylobacter jejuni by incorporation of gallic acid (GA) into zein based films. The zein and zein-wax composite films containing GA between 2.5 and 10 mg/cm2 were effective on different C. jejuni strains at a concentration dependent manner. Zein and zein-wax composite ...

The enhancement of film adherence resulting from argon ion bombardment during the evaporation procedure has been studied experimentally. The observations point to the existence of an annealing effect caused by atomic rearrangement in bombardment induced t...

By application of ceramic thin-film coating technologies, a new type of capacitor for high density packaging has been developed to realize improved integration, speed, and performance in electronic devices. Noise is currently the biggest cause of improper...

A difference in structure of beryllium films has been found to depend on the impurity content of the vapor source used for deposition by electron beam evaporation. Preliminary results indicated that iron and/or aluminum cause the effect. As the content of...

We report on the growth of Si single-crystal films by solid-phase epitaxy (SPE). Two variants of SPE are discussed: (1) direct SPE, in which an amorphous Si film is deposited onto a clean single-crystal substrate then heated to cause epitaxial crystalliza...

The effect of nuclear radiation on domain tip film elements was investigated. Experiments showed that gamma radiation had no affect on magnetic properties or non-volatility of storage devices tested. The causes of failures in domain tip film elements are ...

Removing the wall revealed that all six contacts ... a film on insulating surfaces. Once the film is continuous, it ... 4 Particle impact noise detection. A particle would have to be 0.07 inches (1.8 mm) long to span the gap between ...

Health and safety hazards in production of major thin-film photovoltaic cells are identified and characterized for their potential to cause health effects. These hazards are identified by examining process data, control technology availability, biomedical...

... vanadium also result in n-type semiconduction and cause low resistivities. There are few reports on semiconducting films of doped TiO2 made by ...

In mammography, X-ray radiation is used in sufficient doses to be captured on film for cancer diagnosis. A problem lies in the inherent nature of X-rays to cause cancer. The resolution of the images obtained on film is directly related to the radiation do...

As a result of worker complaints in the Baltimore, Maryland area, potential health hazards associated with the use of polyvinyl-chloride film for wrapping meat were reviewed. Fumes generated during the meat wrapping process were causing concern among the ...

Fast neutron irradiation of photoelectric cells with semitransparent films causes a heightening of the total sensitivity, which then decreases progressively with time. The form of the spectral sensitivity curve is not noticeably modified. (tr-auth)

An intelligent gas sensor has been developed using thick-film techniques to create a semiconductoring oxide surface with carefully varied catalytic properties. An integral heater causes the surface to react with combustible gases and the resulting resista...

The areas where resin bonded solid film lubricants are deficient were studied. These areas were, (1) finite wear, (2) ineffectiveness caused by contamination by conventional lubricants, and (3) decreased corrosion protection under dynamic conditions. The ...

The application of a magnetic field of 10 kG causes a decrease by more than a factor of 2 in the delay time for switching in iron oxide films. This effect is associated with very short switching time (approximately equal or

The effects of various external disturbances on the collapse of a steam film forming after hot copper spheres are immersed in water were studied. The steam film can be destroyed at high sphere temperatures by the influence of the sphere's surface (geometr...

Ellipsometric spectroscopy was used to analyze the changes in the passive film on Fe caused by chloride. The changes studied were the optical variations that take place in the film during the time period between introduction of chloride ions to the soluti...

This paper will be confined to the effect of optical inhomogeneities in polymer films on the scattering or specular transmittance of light. Potential causes for the presence of scattering entities in the bulk phase of polymers will be discussed. It will b...

A unique feature of turbine rotor blade film cooling is the main flow unsteadiness caused by the upstream stator vanes. The combined effect of the vane inviscid flow field and the trailing edge wake results in a rapidly changing external pressure at the f...

... Abstract : Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited by dual ... The magnetron or a Kaufman ion gun using 1 keV argon ions caused the ...

Thin metallic film was widely applied in various areas. Especially, recently we are planning to apply it in a ''Secondary emission enhanced photo-injector'', in which a diamond cathode is coated with a metallic film on its back to serve as a current path. The thickness of the film is originally ...

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoropropylvinyl ether) (PFA) films were modified by electron beam irradiation in the molten state. These radiation-modified films and original films were irradiated in vacuum at room temperature to initiate the ...

A study was made on the magnetic anisotropy in very thin Ni-Fe films of 10 nm or less sputtered at oblique-incidence. The anisotropy field H{sub k}'s of Ni-Fe films induced on Ta films by oblique-incidence was different from that on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films and was reduced with an application of the RF ...

The defects on MCT epi-films grown from Te Solutions using liquid phase epitaxy method have been investigated by Metaloscope, x-ray diffraction meter, and electronic scanning microscopes. The observation results show that the defects in MCT epi-films, such as dislocation, twin, sub-grain, and boundary, have damaged the crystal-film's ...

The stress in amorphous silicon dioxide film grown by plasma-assisted deposition was investigated both during and after film growth for continuously and intermittently deposited films. It is shown that an intermittent deposition leads to the creation of interfacial regions during film growth, but also ...

First and second order magnetic anisotropy constants have been determined in (110) and (100) CrO2 films using magnetometry and anomalous Hall effect measurements. Higher in-plane anisotropy is observed in strain-free (110) CrO2 films as compared to strained (100) CrO2 films, while out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy (OPMA) is stronger in ...

In this study, we present three significant artifacts that have the potential to negatively impact the accuracy and precision of film dosimetry measurements made using GAFCHROMIC[reg] EBT radiochromic film when read out with CCD flatbed scanners. Films were scanned using three commonly employed instruments: a Macbeth TD932 spot ...

In this study, we present three significant artifacts that have the potential to negatively impact the accuracy and precision of film dosimetry measurements made using GAFCHROMIC EBT radiochromic film when read out with CCD flatbed scanners. Films were scanned using three commonly employed instruments: a Macbeth TD932 spot ...

This report summarizes the results of a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) effort to study and model surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices for environmental applications. The response of polymer-coated SAW devices to temperature changes and polymer vapor absorption is examined. A perturbational approach is used to relate velocity and attenuation responses to ...

Thermocapillary instability is one of the primary causes of a spontaneous rupture of thin films on heated walls. The film rupture may lead to an appearance of uncontrolled dry patches that significantly deteriorate the heat and mass transfer. In the present paper the thermocapillarity-induced film flow on a ...

The response of polymer-coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices to temperature changes and polymer vapor absorption is examined. A perturbational approach is used to relate velocity and attenuation responses to film translational and strain modes generated by the SAW. Two distinct regimes of film behavior arise, causing different ...

A combination of front-scattering film and directional backlight has been proposed as a system for wide-viewing-angle transmissive liquid-crystal display (LCD). This system does not require precisely controlled phase difference film presently used in commercial LCDs, which is expected to make LCDs simpler and less expensive. However, this system has not, ...

This patent describes a radiation sensitive area detection device for use in conjunction with an x-ray, UV, or other radiation source. It comprises: a phosphor-containing film capable of receiving and storing an image formed by the pattern of incoming radiation falling on the film after deflection or transmission through a sample, and capable of ...

The rupture of a thin film in another fluid is studied including the effects of disjoining pressure. The study considers the linear stability of a moving viscous film in a motionless inviscid fluid and of a stagnant viscous film in a motionless viscous fluid. These are analyzed by means of the Navier--Stokes equations and the ...

A process is described for forming large-grain polycrystalline films from amorphous films for use as photovoltaic devices. The process operates on the amorphous film and uses the driving force inherent to the transition from the amorphous state to the crystalline state as the force which drives the grain growth process. The resultant ...

A process for forming large-grain polycrystalline films from amorphous films for use as photovoltaic devices. The process operates on the amorphous film and uses the driving force inherent to the transition from the amorphous state to the crystalline state as the force which drives the grain growth process. The resultant ...

Heat conduction in novel electronic films influences the performance and reliability of micromachined transistors, lasers, sensors, and actuators. This article reviews experimental and theoretical research on heat conduction in single-crystal semiconducting and superconducting films and superlattices, polycrystalline diamond films, and ...

Effect of annealing on the field emission properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited by high power excime laser technique was studied. Raman spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) were used to determine the chemical bonding structural change of the annealed DLC films. It was found that the annealing transformed gradually DLC ...

The Brownian motion and aggregation of particles in nanofluids often lead to the formation of solid-film-solid structures. The molecular thin film confined between nanoparticles may have non-negligible effects on thermal conduction among nanoparticles. Using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we study thermal conduction across the Ag ...

The Brownian motion and aggregation of particles in nanofluids often lead to the formation of solid-film-solid structures. The molecular thin film confined between nanoparticles may have non-negligible effects on thermal conduction among nanoparticles. Using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we study thermal conduction across the Ag ...

A thin film containing an electron donor (tetraphenyl diamine) quenches the exciton fluorescence and substantially alters the photovoltaic properties of perylene bis(phenethylimide) cells. The film causes the open circuit photovoltage to shift positive by about 450 mV relative to cells without the film. In the case ...

On the basis of experimental observations described earlier, we have proposed that marginal regeneration is caused by surface tension gradients at the borders of mobile foam films. Marginal regeneration is the rate-determining mechanism in the drainage of such films, and, as such, a determining factor in the persistence (or long-term ...

A polymer film draping over a point of contact will wrinkle due to the strain imposed by the underlying substrate. The wrinkle wavelength is dictated by a balance of material properties and geometry; most directly the thickness of the draping film. At a critical strain, the stress in the film will localize, causing ...

... 0.6%, 2%, and 6%. Through the collisions and reactions occurring in the gas phase, atomic oxygen is generated that is highly reactive and causes ...

A case of unsuspected aspiration of an oropharyngeal airway causing dysphagia is described. Visualization of this airway on plain film would be facilitated if radio-opaque material were included at manufacture. PMID:6888995

A popular culture version of the Titanic disaster was made into a film in 1997. This article provides information about the iceberg that caused the fateful collision at sea on April 15, 1912.

The difference in rate constants for identical reaction bath temperatures obtained from degradation of polymer films in a stainless steel and a quartz vessel, respectively, are due to thermal gradients caused by the endothermic depolymerization reaction. ...

... polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film. ... KIL-C-43944, Cloth, Lam, inated and Cloth, Coated. ... in Miami, Florida caused a noticeable degradation of their ...

... The results of these studies indicate that the synergetic effects of low pH and high chloride-ion content caused accelerated localized attack in Type ...

... anions whose solution cause stress cracking of steel (nitrate and hydroxide) and two that do not (chloride and nitrite). ... (3) Pure copper forms tarnish ...

Also after loading for ice and frost debris;; high-speed film and video tapes of various angles are taken to identify debris sources that could have caused ...

... c. Several documentary films were obtained which, although edited to selectively present a certain aspect of some cause, did provide some basic ...

... They are abrasive and act as desiccants, removing the oily, protective film that covers insects' bodies, causing them to dry out and die. Page 2. 2 ...

... This bearing life is approximately four times greater ... The result strongly indicated that accelerated oxidation of ... major role in causing high wear rates ...

... presentation cannot be defined in this manual be- cause ... request, information which he must view in the ... M.iotodegraded Styrene Copolymer Films ...

... Ferrite tunable devices have problems of low tuning ... hand, diode varactors show low Q (especially at ... capacitance drift can cause device or system ...

Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems. Baltimore, MD. Abstract ... velops between contacts as they open and close deposits as a film on insulating surfaces. ...

as a consequence of the anisotropic character of the elastic ...... roughness would cause a local layer of plasticity near the intermetallic/Sn interface ...

... Subject index to significant articles, news items, and editorials from military and ... films, grain growth was observed to cause the fiber to break-up into ...

The use of annealing, the process of heating the thin film to 600�C so it becomes malleable and then and rapidly cooling it, causes the suture of the cell ...

... 6 193 130 119. 6 103.2 ... Copper, nickel, silver, aluminum, palladium and other metals in contact with the barrier layer cause degradation. ...

Note the broad band of twilight in the center of the image. This band is another indicator of the upper atmospheric scattering of sunlight caused by this ...

coils, the spring is encased in a polyurethane dip solution. ... polyester polyurethane (Helastic) dip solution adhering the bladder film and ...

... leaves a chromate film. Heating the anodes above 450*F. during anode forming operations could cause reduction of the chromate ion, ...

... On the other hand, a deterioration of the gold film in Au/AgBr/Ag cells was observed during the silver bromide evaporation that was caused by the ...

... The cause of the disturbances has been identified using Kulite pressure transducer, hot wire, and hot film measurements. ...

... spectroscopy (37), secondary-ion mass spectrometry (38, 39 ... causes ions to enter or leave the film ... Note that hydronium ion is produced at the anode ...

... which first consisted of 150W and 20CW incandescent light bulbs mounted under a plywood frame which was fixed over the unit load. ...

cell, and may cause undesirable chemical reactions of the agents or .... Survival data are similar for the spores in the 2, 4, and 6 mm films. ...

... or not the isotope of potassium (K4 0 ) contained in the plant materials was causing a pseudoimage on the X-ray film. Bean plants were grown in ...

... Therefore the ISTF at the exit pupil includes characteristics of the thin filmP] The phase of ISTF is affected by the air gap height. ...

... Abstract : Since lead may be one of the potential contributing causes of IGA/SCC that is found in Alloy 600 steam generator tubing in PWR ...

... Emission spectra of GaAs substrates encapsulated with thin films of silicon ... Annealing substrates encapsulated with Si3N4 adds an emission to the ...

Vortex-loop renormalization techniques are used to calculate the magnitude of the critical Casimir forces in superfluid films. The force is found to become appreciable when the size of the thermal vortex loops is comparable to the film thickness, and the results for T

An experimental method is described for performing thermal fatigue testing of thin films and lines on substrates. The method uses Joule heating from alternating currents to generate temperature, strain, and stress cycles in the metal structures. The apparatus has been installed in a scanning electron microscope and allows in situ observations of the fatigue damage evolution. ...

Cesium metal clusters strongly affect the optical properties of cesium iodide thin films. The metal clusters are formed during film formation by thermal evaporation. The cesium cluster of 30-40 nm in the matrix of cesium iodide insulating thin films results in Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The peak position of these SPR peaks showed ...

The effects of absorption solvents into poly(ethylene terephtalete) (PET) films, which are used as food packaging materials, was investigated by DSC, SEM and mechanical methods at various temperatures (5, 25 and 40 �C) and for different periods (1-8 weeks), respectively. Due to the interaction of PET films with solvents, there had been serious ...

Ionized Metal Plasma (IMP) deposition was used in depositing metal interconnection of titanium metal film. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) was attached to chamber wall where it creates an electromagnetic field, thus, ionizing the sputtered metal atoms from target. The film morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Acoustic measurement ...

Ionized Metal Plasma (IMP) deposition was used in depositing metal interconnection of titanium metal film. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) was attached to chamber wall where it creates an electromagnetic field, thus, ionizing the sputtered metal atoms from target. The film morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Acoustic measurement ...

A procedure for producing films of amorphous silicon is described. For unknown reasons, these films have a very low density of defects. It is suggested that amorphous silicon will find application in solar energy devices. Amorphous silicon films can be produced by subjecting SiH4 to a high-frequency field, which ...

The residual stress in a thin film can have an impact on the electrical and optical properties of the film. In addition, stress is an important consideration when incorporating the material into a microelectromechanical (MEMS) device as large unexpected stresses can cause such a device to fail. The residual stress in ZnO thin ...

The impact of a liquid drop in the region between rivulets on the surface of a locally heated falling liquid film and the effect of this disturbance on the development of wave processes in the film have been studied. It is established that perturbations caused by the incident drop are spreading downstream and not going beyond the ...

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is a form of fluid film lubrication associated with nonconformal machine elements. The effects of surface kinematic conditions on EHL films are reviewed. Micro-EHL theory and the global effects of surface roughness are discussed. The orientation and shape of surface irregularities such as transverse roughness and ...

Effects of both electron beam irradiation on the properties of polypropylene (PP) films and the irradiation on the different layers of a multilayer PP film are studied. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscope was used to investigate the chemical structure of the films. The results showed that the chemical properties of the first ...

The results of exposure measurements using film badges and thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) were compared at an operating nuclear power reactor. The film badge overresponded to the high-energy Nitrogen-16 gamma rays produced under power, while the TLD did not. Discussions of charged-particle equilibrium and energy dependence are included. The ...

We have examined the aging behavior of spin-cast thin polymer films as a function of their processing history. Films prepared from solutions close to the ? temperature were aged for varying times at room temperature, followed by a dewetting experiment above the glass transition temperature of the polymer. The characteristic aging time varied strongly with ...

The effect of impurities in HfO2 films fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on high-temperature annealing was investigated. Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) shows that residual impurities such as carbon are desorbed from HfO2 films with mass number of 28, expected to be carbon monoxide (CO), during high-temperature annealing. ...

Bonding of MEMs materials is carried out using microwave. High microwave absorbing films are placed within a microwave cavity, and excited to cause selective heating in the skin of the material. This causes heating in one place more than another. Thereby ...

Radiation exposure caused by screening of the gastro-intestinal tract, oral examination of the gall and contrast medium enema into the colon was found to be caused by radiation exposure of foil film pictures. Thus the population exposure during these exam...

Light microscopy, bare-film radiography, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, electron microprobe and physical testing were used to examine beryllium specimens exhibiting a stratified, pitted, pattern after chemical milling. The objective was to find the caus...

The research into the fragility of the sealing on two composition films for ham packages by using Fourier infrared spectrometer, DTG and melting index detector is reported. The research shows that the cause of the fragility of the sealing is the differences in the materials and their softening points and melting indexes between the inner ...

We have synthesized periodic mesoporous silica thin films from homogeneous solutions. To synthesize the films, a thin layer of a pH 7 micellar coating solution that contains TMOS (tetramethoxysilane) is dip or spin-coated onto Si wafers, borosilicate glass, or quartz substrates. NH3 gas is diffused into the solution and causes rapid ...

The optical and electrical properties of dodecanethiol-stabilized nanoparticles (6 nm diameter gold core) have been investigated over a range of film thicknesses and temperatures. The surface plasmon resonance absorbance is found to be dependent on temperature. Heating of the nanoparticle film causes desorption of the thiol from the ...

We have investigated microscopic structures of sputter and pulsed laser deposited (PLD) anatase Nb-doped TiO{sub 2} transparent conducting films, and discuss what causes the degradation of resistivity in sputter-deposited films. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscope and polarized optical microscope images show inhomogeneous ...

Ni(1120) epitaxial thin films with hcp structure were prepared on Au(100) single-crystal underlayers at 100 deg. C by ultra high vacuum molecular beam epitaxy. The detailed film structure is studied by in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The hcp-Ni film consists ...

Superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O thick films with preferred c-axis orientation were obtained by a screen-printing method. Thick films with preferred c-axis orientation appeared only when the substrate material was YSZ, the film thickness was around 10 ..mu..m, and the film was fired at 980 /sup 0/C for 6 min. The ...

A device is described using at least one polyconductor film as an active element lens of an electrical circuit for detecting incident laser radiation. In several alternative embodiments, a polyconductor film is located at the focal point of at least one lens which focuses the incident laser radiation on the film. The polyconducting ...

Langmuir-Blodgett films of arachidic acid, barium arachidate, and a mixture of arachidic and behenic acids on a chemically flattened silicon substrate were observed by atomic force microscopy. The films were found to contact tightly with the substrate with a molecular slip at its steps. Lattice expansion due to barium ions was found on the barium ...

The application of Raman spectroscopy to the analysis of dielectric films with respect to phase composition and homogeneity has been reported during the past several years. Interfacial strain at the film-substrate interface, which influences chemical bonding, also perturbs the vibrational spectrum and can be quantified from measured frequency shifts. ...

Features in the formation of chemically deposited polycrystalline Co�P films with thicknesses of a few nanometers are established by analyzing film surface morphology and variation in the film magnetization. It is shown that in the thickness range below 30 nm the polar Kerr effect value ?K changes nonmonotonically and depends on a ...

Ion implantation has been used to modify the initial stress in thin (40 nm) SiO2 films on GaAs, and to condition the SiO2-GaAs interface to promote adhesion. The effectiveness of these implanted films as caps to suppress decomposition of GaAs during rapid thermal processing has been studied, and this provides an indicator of the mechanical stability of the ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate image quality, to determine the reject film rate in conventional radiology procedures and to determine the causes of defects on the films. Rejected films were collected in four main hospitals in Iran and five routine examinations were considered. The rejected ...

The temperature range of epitaxial YSZ film growth on silicon with natural oxide, which is narrow (?20�C) under conventional magnetron sputtering conditions, is experimentally shown to be extended to 150�C due to a decrease in the lower boundary when the film surface is irradiated by ions from the plasma adjacent to the substrate. The required ion ...

In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted with subcooled water film flowing over an electrically heated horizontal cylinder. The combinations of film flow rate and heat flux at which film breakdown occurs (i.e., dry patches appear on the surface) were determined. At the conditions prior to dry patch formation, the heat ...

He II film boiling is of both academic and applied interests. However, the information about film boiling heat transfer in He II is still insufficient and needs further investigation. In the present study, a thin stainless steel foil heater (10 {mu} m thick) is used to cause boiling in He II. The heater temperature is measured to ...

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to study the effect of high-temperature tests on the amorphous grain boundary films in a commercial, liquid phase sintered silicon nitride ceramic. The thickness of amorphous films between silicon nitride grains is characterized by high-resolution TEM. In addition, electron energy-loss spectroscopy is applied ...

Electrochromic effects of WO/sub 3/ films have been extensively studied. In these electrochromic films, the injection of both I-group ions and electrons form a tungsten bronze (color center) structure (M/sub x/WO/sub 3/, x=0-1, M is H, Li, or Na). It is known that an intervalence electron transfer between W/sup +6/ and W/sup +5/ causes ...

Indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin films were examined as a buffer layer between high-Tc superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films and glass substrates. It was found that ITO film can become a diffusion barrier between the superconducting film and glass substrate, and that it does not cause any cracks in ...

BaM films with various compositions were prepared by reactive RF diode sputtering method. The effects of Ba content on the /c-axis orientation, temperature dependence of the magnetic properties and the microstructure of the films were investigated. Our results show that films with high Ba content tend to have /c-axis normal to the ...

Lead zirconate titanate solid-solution (PZT) films with various thicknesses were synthesized on titanium substrates by repeated hydrothermal treatments. Young�s modulus and the density of the PZT film were measured by the vibrating-reed technique and Archimedes� method, respectively, and they were lower than those of PZT ceramic. We fabricated ...

The effects of deposition temperature and in-situ post-deposition annealing on the microstructure of coevaporated Cu(InGa)Se2 thin films and on the performance of the resulting solar cell devices have been characterized. Films were deposited at substrate temperatures of 150°C, 300°C and 400°C. Films were also deposited at these ...

The effects of deposition temperature and in-situ post-deposition annealing on the microstructure of coevaporated Cu(InGa)Se2 thin films and on the performance of the resulting solar cell devices have been characterized. Films were deposited at substrate temperatures of 150�C, 300�C and 400�C. Films were also deposited at these ...

We investigate the film-growth process of the inhomogeneous sputtered TiO{sub 2} thin films by the in situ real-time spectroscopic ellipsometer. The growth process of the film is analyzed by both the uniform and the island film growth models. Based on the analyses from the {Psi}-{Delta} trajectories, the initial ...

Composite films were prepared from pectin and fish skin gelatin (FSG) or pectin and soybean flour protein (SFP). The inclusion of protein promoted molecular interactions, resulting in a well-organized homogeneous structure, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and fracture-acoustic emission analysis. The resultant composite films showed an increase ...

Langmuir films are 2D ordered arrays of amphiphilic molecules that form at an air water interface and can be transferred to a variety of surfaces to give Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. LB films are promising materials for building organized structures for molecular electronics and integrated optics. Many non-centrosymmetric LB ...

In the present work we developed a theoretical method to find the noncollinear canted magnetic states of ferromagnetic film whose magnetic properties are treated within a simple phenomenological model that takes into account the discrete location of atomic layers. We apply this method to the description of stable and uniform in the film plane magnetic ...