The Affect of Wellbutrin on Dopamine Reuptake Transporters in Rodent Striatal Tissue Jamie L. Doyle properly, and disruption of reuptake can variably affect the body and brain. Dopamine (Figure 1 as Wellbutrin [Figure 2]) will produce an excess of dopamine in the synapse, by blocking reuptake ...

Short phasic bursts of neuronal activity in dopamine neurons produce rapid and transient increases in extracellular dopamine concentrations throughout the mesocorticolimbic system, which are associated with the initiation of goal-directed behaviors. It is well established that acute exposure to many addictive drugs produce increases in tonic ...

How Do Prescription Stimulants Affect the Brain? All stimulants work by increasing dopamine levels in the brain?dopamine is a brain chemical (or neurotransmitter) ...

The purpose of the series of experiments carried in this ASSERT Award was to determine how dopamine agonists would affect the acoustic startle reflex. We found that dopamine agonists increase the acoustic startle reflex by acting at dopamine, D1 receptors...

... Abstract : A growing body of evidence suggests that aggregation of ... aggregation/oligomerization is tightly associated with Golgi fragmentation ...

D(2)-like antagonists potentiate dopamine release. They also inhibit dopamine uptake by a mechanism yet to be clarified. Here, we monitored dopamine uptake in the striatum of anesthetized mice. The dopamine overflow was evoked by brief electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (four pulses at 100 Hz) ...

L-DOPA is the most commonly used treatment for symptomatic control in patients with Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, most patients develop severe side-effects, such as dyskinesia, upon chronic l-DOPA treatment. The patophysiology of dyskinesia is unclear; however, involvement of serotonergic nerve fibers in converting l-DOPA to dopamine has been suggested. Therefore, ...

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects 1% of the world population. The disease usually manifests itself in early adulthood with hallucinations, delusions, cognitive and emotional disturbances and disorganized thought and behavior. Dopamine was the first neurotransmitter to be implicated in the disease, and though no longer the only suspect ...

Several lines of evidence implicate altered dopamine neurotransmission in schizophrenia. Current drugs for schizophrenia focus on postsynaptic sites of the dopamine signaling pathways, but do not target presynaptic dopamine metabolism. We have begun to develop a mathematical model of dopamine homeostasis, which ...

Dopamine has been shown to induce pial arterial relaxation and constriction in several species. Its mode of action on pial veins, however, remains unclarified. The vasomotor effect of dopamine on porcine pial veins was, therefore, examined using an in vitro tissue bath technique. The results indicated that dopamine constricted ...

Shifts in striatal responsivity evoked by chronic stimulation of dopamine and glutamate systems J@mit.edu Summary Dopamine and glutamate are key neurotransmitters in cortico-basal ganglia loops affecting motor and cogni- tive function. To examine functional convergence of dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitter

THE principal biochemical defect associated with Parkinsonism is a marked decrease in the dopamine and serotonin content of the brain1. L-Dopa, a precursor of dopamine, has been found to help patients suffering from this disease, presumably by increasing the concentration of dopamine in the brain2.

Dopamine Receptors in a Songbird Brain Lubica Kubikova,1,2* Kazuhiro Wada,1,3 and Erich D. Jarvis1 Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan ABSTRACT Dopamine is a key neuromodulatory transmitter in the brain. It acts through dopamine receptors to affect changes in neural activity, gene

Characterization of Pardaxin-Induced Dopamine Release from Pheochromocytoma Cells: Role of Calcium is available online at http://www.jpet.org ABSTRACT Pardaxin, an excitatory neurotoxin, induced dopamine]o). In the presence of extracellular calcium, nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, did not affect ...

The effect of excercise on brain function was investigated through animal experiments. Exercise leads to increased serum calcium levels, and the calcium is transported to the brain. This in turn enhances brain dopamine synthesis through a calmodulin-dependent system, and increased dopamine levels regulate various brain functions. There are abnormally low ...

... hydroxylase deficiency is a condition that affects the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary body processes such as the ... causes difficulty with regulating blood pressure and other autonomic nervous system problems seen in dopamine ?-hydroxylase deficiency. Read ...

Grafting of dopamine-rich tissue to counteract the symptoms in Parkinson's disease became a promising tool for future treatment. This article discusses how to improve the functional outcome with respect to graft outgrowth and functions of dopamine release and electrophysiological responses to graft implantation in the host brain striatal target. It has ...

Accumulating evidence suggests that antipsychotics affect dopamine release from dopaminergic neurons, but the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. Besides, there are few studies on the effects of antipsychotics on intracellular dopamine content. In this study, the effects of 8 antipsychotics on dopamine ...

Sleep deprivation did not affect dopamine transporters (target for most wake-promoting medications) and thus dopamine increases are likely to reflect increases in dopamine cell firing and/or release rather than decreases in dopamine reuptake. Because dopamine-enhancing ...

sulfoxide (MetO) by H2O2, hypochlorite, chloramines, and peroxynitrite; all these oxidants are producedReview Methionine oxidation, a-synuclein and Parkinson's disease Charles B. Glasera , Ghiam Yaminb. Oxidative stress is believed to be a contributing factor in this disorder. Because it lacks Trp and Cys

, in which fibrillation was further accelerated by the presence of the pesticide diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) was compared. Fig. 7 shows that the a-synu- clein intrinsic fluorescence is quenched on interaction of human a-synuclein with the pesticide diethyldithiocarbamic acid, DDC. Measurements were carried

RationaleActivation of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 receptors may provide a novel strategy for treating schizophrenia. This effect is thought to be mediated through dopamine-independent mechanisms because mGlu2/3-receptor agonists have no considerable affinity for dopamine receptors. These agonists, however, reduce amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion ...

Dopamine exerts two classes of effect on the sustained neural activity in prefrontal cortex that underlies working memory. Direct release in the cortex increases the contrast of prefrontal neurons, enhancing the robustness of storage. Release of dopamine in the striatum is associated with salient stimuli and makes medium spiny neurons bistable; this ...

metabolism via 2-deoxyglucose uptake have shown that a pretreatment injection of the dopamine receptorDopamine D2 Receptor Activation Modulates Perceived Odor Intensity Catherine J. Wei, Christiane Linster, and Thomas A. Cleland Cornell University Dopaminergic modulation affects odor detection

The leptin receptor (Lepr) is expressed on midbrain dopamine neurons. However, the specific role of Lepr signaling in dopamine neurons remains to be clarified. In the present study, we generated a line of conditional knockout mice lacking functional Lepr selectively on dopamine neurons (Lepr(DAT-Cre)). These mice exhibit normal body ...

Mitochondrial complex I dysfunction is regarded as underlying dopamine neuron death in Parkinson�s disease models. However, inactivation of the Ndufs4 gene, which compromises complex I activity, does not affect the survival of dopamine neurons in culture or in the substantia nigra pars compacta of 5-wk-old mice. Treatment with ...

Mitochondrial complex I dysfunction is regarded as underlying dopamine neuron death in Parkinson's disease models. However, inactivation of the Ndufs4 gene, which compromises complex I activity, does not affect the survival of dopamine neurons in culture or in the substantia nigra pars compacta of 5-wk-old mice. Treatment with ...

Previous studies have indicated that cocaine binding sites contain both high- and low-affinity binding components and have actions not related to dopamine uptake inhibition. Therefore, it has been studied if concentrations of cocaine in the range of 0.1-100 nM can affect not only dopamine uptake but also the quinpirole-induced ...

The dopamine system is believed to affect gambling behavior in pathological gambling. Particularly, dopamine release in the ventral striatum appears to affect decision-making in the disorder. This study investigated dopamine release in the ventral striatum in relation to gambling performance on ...

... tetanus toxin does not affect acetylcholine, adrenaline, dopamine, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance P or y.aminobutyric acid as assayed ...

The effects of chronic treatment with estrogen and catecholestrogens on the levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine in various organs of rats were studied. Results are highly significant in that estrogen affects the levels of the neurotransmit...

Sleep deprivation can markedly impair human performance contributing to accidents and poor productivity. The mechanisms underlying this impairment are not well understood but brain dopamine systems have been implicated. Here we test whether one night of sleep deprivation changes dopamine brain activity. We studied fifteen healthy subjects using positron ...

Parkinson's disease is characterized by preferential degeneration of the dopamine-producing neurons of the brain stem substantia nigra. Imbalances between mechanisms governing dopamine transport across the plasma membrane and cellular storage vesicles increase the level of toxic pro-oxidative cytosolic dopamine. The ...

Increasing evidence suggests that the activation of medial A10 neurons mediates positive affective encoding. However, little is known about the functions of the inhibition of midbrain dopamine neurons. Here we show evidence suggesting that the inhibition of medial A10 neurons mediates a negative affective state, leading to negative ...

Dopamine is an important neuromodulator in animals and its roles in mammalian sexual behavior are extensively studied. Drosophila as a useful model system is widely used in many fields of biological studies. It has been reported that dopamine reduction can affect female receptivity in Drosophila and leave male-female courtship behavior ...

Dopamine is an important neuromodulator in animals and its roles in mammalian sexual behavior are extensively studied. Drosophila as a useful model system is widely used in many fields of biological studies. It has been reported that dopamine reduction can affect female receptivity in Drosophila and leave male-female courtship behavior ...

The action of dopamine on the aggregation of the unstructured alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) protein may be linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Dopamine and its oxidation derivatives may inhibit alpha-syn aggregation by non-covalent binding. Exploiting this fact, we applied an integrated computational and experimental approach to find ...

Altered synaptic dopamine levels have been implicated in several neurological/neuropsychiatric disorders, including drug addiction and schizophrenia. However, it is unclear what precipitates these changes in synaptic dopamine levels. One of the key presynaptic components involved in regulating dopaminergic tone is the dopamine ...

The dopamine system has been a subject of intense investigation due to its role in a number of normal functions and its disruption in pathological conditions. Thus, the dopamine system has been shown to play a major role in cognitive, affective, and motor functions, and its disruption has been proposed to underlie the pathophysiology ...

Most life-long drug addiction begins during adolescence. Important structural and functional changes in brain occur during adolescence and developmental differences in forebrain dopamine systems could mediate a biologic vulnerability to drug addiction during adolescence. Studies investigating age differences in psychostimulant responses have yielded mixed results, possibly ...

Most existing models of dopamine and learning in Parkinson disease (PD) focus on simulating the role of basal ganglia dopamine in reinforcement learning. Much data argue, however, for a critical role for prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopamine in stimulus selection in attentional learning. Here, we present a new computational model that ...

Most existing models of dopamine and learning in Parkinson disease (PD) focus on simulating the role of basal ganglia dopamine in reinforcement learning. Much data argue, however, for a critical role for prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopamine in stimulus selection in attentional learning. Here, we present a new computational model that ...

1. Dopamine modulation of the PL-type calcium channel of white bass retinal horizontal cells was studied in isolated, cultured neurons. Single-channel recordings were made of calcium channels in outside-out patches, under conditions which favoured the expression of calcium channel activity. 2. Analysis of single-channel properties revealed that dopamine ...

1. Dopamine modulation of the PL-type calcium channel of white bass retinal horizontal cells was studied in isolated, cultured neurons. Single-channel recordings were made of calcium channels in outside-out patches, under conditions which favoured the expression of calcium channel activity. 2. Analysis of single-channel properties revealed that dopamine ...

Dopamine, its receptors and transporter are present in the brain beginning from early in the embryonic period. Dopamine receptor activation can influence developmental events including neurogenesis, neuronal migration and differentiation raising the possibility that dopamine imbalance in the fetal brain can alter development of the ...

In the eyes of lower vertebrates, retinal photoreceptors and melanin pigment granules of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) exhibit characteristic retinomotor movements in response to changes in ambient illumination and to signals from an endogenous circadian clock. We previously reported that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) mimicked the effect of light on these ...

Dopamine D2 and D3 autoreceptors are located on pre-synaptic terminals and are known to control the release and synthesis of dopamine. Dopamine D3 receptors have a fairly restricted pattern of expression in the mammalian brain. Their localization in the nucleus accumbens core and shell is of particular interest because of their ...

Rationale Dopamine neurotransmission has long been known to exert a powerful influence over the vigor, strength, or rate of responding. However, there exists no clear understanding of the computational foundation for this effect; predominant accounts of dopamine�s computational function focus on a role for phasic dopamine in ...

Biogenic amines are physiologically neuroactive substances that affect behavioural and physiological traits in invertebrates. In the present study, the effects of dopamine, octopamine, tyramine and serotonin on tonic immobility, or death-feigning, were investigated in Tribolium castaneum. These amines were injected into the abdomens of beetles artificially ...

SYSTEMIC AND INTRA-ACCUMBENS ADMINISTRATION OF AMPHETAMINE DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTS CORTICAL experiments tested the hypothesis that the amphetamine-induced increase in dopamine release in the nucleus amphetamine to stimulate cortical acetylcholine release. The effects of systemic or intra

BackgroundModulation of midbrain dopamine neurons by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) plays an important role in behavior, cognition, motivation and reward. Specifically, nAChRs containing ?2 subunits (?2-nAChRs) switch dopamine cells from a resting to an excited state. However, how ?2-nAChRs can be modulated and thereby ...

Previous studies on therapeutic potential of agents affecting the dopamine system in the setting of traumatic brain injury (TBI) suggest that dopamine dysregulation may have a major role in behavioral deficit after TBI. We have previously identified that TBI reduces striatal dopamine synthesis and release at 7 days ...

The dopamine system plays an integral role in motor physiology. Dopamine controls movement by modulation of higher-order motor centers (e.g., basal ganglia) but may also regulate movement by directly controlling motoneuron function. Even though dopamine cells synapse onto motoneurons, which themselves express ...

The contribution of the peripheral chemoreflex to the ventilatory response to exercise and aerobic exercise capacity remains incompletely understood. Low-dose dopamine has been reported to specifically inhibit the peripheral chemoreceptors. We therefore investigated the effects of intravenous dopamine (3 microg kg(-1)min(-1)) on cardiopulmonary exercise ...

The role of dopamine in decision making has received much attention from both the experimental and computational communities. However, because reinforcement learning models concentrate on discrete action selection and on phasic dopamine signals, they are silent as to how animals decide upon the rate of their actions, and they fail to account for the ...

Alpha-synuclein is a highly conserved protein that localizes to pre-synaptic terminals and is thought to play a role in neuronal plasticity. It is upregulated developmentally and continues to be expressed at high levels in the adult brain. Its presence in a number of neuronal (A...

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A growing body of evidence suggests that several protein kinases are involved in the expression of pharmacological actions induced by a psychostimulant methamphetamine. The present study was designed to investigate the role of the Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-dependent pathway in the expression of the increase in extracellular levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens ...

Dopamine influences affective, motor and cognitive processing, and multiple forms of learning and memory. This multifaceted functionality, which operates across long temporal windows, is broader than the narrow and temporally constrained role often ascribed to dopamine neurons as reward prediction error detectors. Given the modulatory ...

The high comorbidity of eating disorders and substance abuse suggests that nutritional status can impact vulnerability to drug abuse. These studies used rats to examine the effects of food restriction on dopamine clearance in striatum and on the behavioral effects of amphetamine (locomotion, conditioned place preference), the dopamine receptor agonist ...

Voltage sensitivity has been demonstrated for some GPCRs. At the dopamine D(2S) receptor, this voltage sensitivity is agonist-specific; some agonists, including dopamine, exhibit decreased potency at depolarized potentials, whereas others are not significantly affected. In the present study, we examined some of the receptor-agonist ...

We investigated the effect of bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, on individual differences in behavior as well as frontal�striatal connectivity during a working memory task. After dopaminergic augmentation, frontal�striatal connectivity in low working memory capacity individuals increases, corresponding with behavioral improvement whereas decreases in connectivity in high ...

Dopamine is intimately linked with the modes of action of drugs of addiction. However, although its role in the initiation of drug abuse seems relatively uncomplicated, its possible involvement in the development of compulsive drug taking, and indeed vulnerability and relapse, is less clear. We first describe a modern reinforcement learning view of ...

We report the results of the dynamics of a model of the central dopaminergic neuronal system. In particular, for certain values of a parameter k, which monitors the efficacy of dopamine at the postsynaptic receptor, chaotic solutions of the dynamical equations appear--a prediction that correlates with the observed increased variability in behavior among schizophrenics, the ...

G protein-coupled dopamine receptors (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) mediate all of the physiological functions of the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter dopamine, ranging from voluntary movement and reward to hormonal regulation and hypertension. Pharmacological agents targeting dopaminergic neurotransmission have been clinically used in the management of ...

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that exerts major control on important brain functions and some lines of studies suggest that dopaminergic neurotransmission may be a potential target for volatile anesthetics. In the present study, rat brain cortical slices were labeled with [(3)H]dopamine to investigate the effects of sevoflurane on the release of this ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of dopamine D(3) receptors in the rewarding effect and hyperlocomotion induced by a prototypical mu-opioid receptor agonist morphine using dopamine D(3) receptor knock-out mice. The mu-opioid receptor in the brain determined by the [tylosil-3,5-(3)H(N)]-[D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin ...

To determine whether dopamine release derived from exogenous l-DOPA is under inhibitory control of presynaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the dopaminergic denervated striatum, extracellular dopamine levels were measured in the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats using in vivo brain microdialysis. Quinpirole, a D2 agonist, ...

Previous research suggests that brain oxidative stress and altered rodent locomotor behavior are linked. We observed bio-behavioral changes in methionine sulfoxide reductase A knockout mice associated with abnormal dopamine signaling. Compromised ability of these knockout mice to reduce methionine sulfoxide enhances accumulation of sulfoxides in proteins. We examined the ...

is blocked by reserpine (6). We have recently shown that vesicular storage of dopamine, as well as of other). Chemicals Guanolyl 5 -imidodiphosphate [GMP-P(NH)P], dopamine, serotonin, reserpine, nigericine of reserpine was subtracted. Vesicular uptake was not affected by cocaine, and there was no difference between

, and have been reported to show altered dopamine, as well as serotonin, metabolism (Ase et al., 2000 early hopes that only the targeted protein is affected may have to be modified (see below expression. For instance, the dopamine D2 receptor occurs naturally in two alternative splice variants (D2

when working with a non-constant reward, like the addictive drug amphetamine. By using a dopamine to associate a part of a box with amphetamine and then studying how this con- ditioning is affected not increase or decrease in time. Green however uses the drug amphetamine as the reward, which has a gradual

DA metabolism and DA release. This DA turnover index was not significantly affected by L.S. & Butcher, S.P. (1990) Brain microdialysis studies on the control of dopamine release and metabolism in vivo of the subthalamic nucleus prolongs the increase in striatal dopamine induced by acute L-DOPA in dopaminergic

Current medication for Huntingtons chorea is based on compounds which affect the activity of acetylcholine and dopamine in the basal ganglia and is unsatisfactory. This report describes a small clinical trial of dopamine antagonists, tetrabenazine (Nitoman) and pimozide (Orap). Improvement was early and striking but was not maintained ...