Temperature-sensitive (ts) reassortant vaccine strains derived from the A/Udorn/72 ts-1A2 donor virus were not sufficiently stable genetically in humans. We therefore sought to produce a new, more stable donor virus. We had previously identified a stable ts virus with a ts P3 gene and in the current study identified another relatively ...

Proteolytic cleavage of haemagglutinin (HA) is essential for the infectivity of influenza A viruses (IAVs). This is usually mediated by trypsin-like proteases present in the respiratory tract. However, the ability to use plasminogen (PLG) as an alternative protease may contribute to pathogenesis of IAV infections and virus replication outside the respiratory tract. It was ...

The DNA sequence of two wild-type strains of polyomavirus (A2 and strain 3) are known. We have determined the majority of the DNA sequence of a third strain, the Crawford small-plaque virus. This virus has been noted for its capacity to induce readily detected tumor-specific transplantation ...

Antibody specific for viral neuraminidase can be demonstrated in mice following (i) pulmonary infection with influenza virus, (ii) immunization with ultraviolet-in-activated influenza virus, (iii) immunization with isolated neuraminidase of influenza A(2) virus, and (iv) passive immunization with sera of rabbits immunized with isolated ...

SummaryHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a pneumovirus that causes significant respiratory disease in pre-mature and full-term infants. It was our hypothesis that a common strain of RSV, strain A2, would infect, cause pulmonary pathology, and alter respiratory epithelial innate immune responses in neonatal ...

Poliovirus (PV) 2A^pro has been considered important for PV replication and is known to be toxic to host cells. A 2A^pro-deficient PV would potentially be less toxic and ideal as a vector. To examine whether 2A^pro is needed to form progeny virus, a full-length cDNA of dicistronic (dc) PV with (pOME) or without ...

Replication protein A is a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that is required for the stabilization of single-stranded DNA and identified in replication foci where members of cyclin-dependent kinases-cyclin complexes are also present. In this study, we investigated the expression of replication protein A1 and ...

Reasons for the lack of direct dependency between the properties of the influenza A2 strains of viruses are not clear. The elution of the virus depended on the presence of neuraminidase in the composition of the virions. However, a direct dependency betwe...

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a weak ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), causes hepatic uroporphyrin (URO) accumulation (uroporphyria) in humans and animals. CYP1A2 has been shown to be necessary in the development of uroporphyria in mice. Using mice expressing the low affinity form of the AH receptor (AHRd), we investigated whether the enhancement ...

... STRESS AND STRAIN CONCENTRATION AT A CIRCULAR ... The stress concentration factor is (Es)alYC/2 where (Es)a,~/2 . ...

... TITLE: Study of the Regulation of Telomere Replication by Characterizing the Cdc-13p Pathway in Yeast ... ing them into the two-hybrid yeast strain. ...

Lymphatic tissue is one of the main sites for replication of Junin virus. To characterize which cells are involved in that replication, the presence of Junin virus in purified populations of macrophages and dendritic cells from the spleens of guinea pigs infected with pathogenic and attenuated strains was investigated by ...

In the course of establishing its replication niche within the cytosol of infected host cells, the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes must efficiently regulate the secretion and activity of multiple virulence factors. L. monocytogenes encodes two predicted posttranslocation secretion chaperones, PrsA1 and PrsA2, and evidence suggests that PrsA2 ...

... A second system will examine disease development of a prion strain (DY TME) that does not replicate in the spleen of hamsters. ...

Chromosomes in spores of a thymineless mutant of Bacillus subtilis strain 168 were shown to have a replication fork, unlike chromosomes in spores of the thy⁺ strain which are in a complete form. As a consequence the number of replication forks in germinating cultures is higher in the ...

... Vergleichende Serologische Untersuchungen mit den Influenzavirusstaemmen A2Berlin/2/68 und A2/Hong Kong/1/68 (On Strain-Specificity of ...

A 1,197-bp region of the broad-host-range plasmid pCU1 is adequate for its replication. Analysis of replicating molecules containing this region reveals three clustered origins of vegetative replication and replication proceeds bidirectionally from each in a theta mode. In an Escherichia coli polymerase I deletion ...

We used two strains of tomato leaf curl virus from New Delhi to investigate specificity in replication of their cognate genomes. The strains share 94% sequence identity and are referred to as severe and mild on the basis of symptoms on tomato and tobacco. Replication assays in tobacco protoplasts and plants showed ...

We used two strains of tomato leaf curl virus from New Delhi to investigate specificity in replication of their cognate genomes. The strains share 94% sequence identity and are referred to as severe and mild on the basis of symptoms on tomato and tobacco. Replication assays in tobacco protoplasts and plants showed ...

Six randomly selected strains of Staphylococcus aureus all exhibited the same gene order along the chromosome when mapped by the synchronous chromosomal replication procedure. Strains possessing multiple antibiotic resistance yielded a genomic map with al...

-of-concept for the use of HSV recombinants as AIDS vaccine vectors. To improve the HSV replication-defective vector, weReplication-Defective Herpes Simplex Virus Mutant Strains as Genital Herpes Vaccines and Vaccine Vectors David M. Knipe Abstract Viral vaccines have traditionally been live, attenuated viruses, or inacti

A double-blind placebo-controlled study was carried out on the safety and immunogenicity of the oral Shigella flexneri (EcSf2a-2) vaccine among Israeli soldiers. Sixty volunteers received the vaccine and 59 received placebo. Fifty-three were given the full vaccine regimen (four doses). Doses ranged between 4.1 x 10(8) and 1.1 x 10(9) c.f.u. Visits to the ...

A cryptic plasmid from an autotrophically grown arsenic-resistant strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was isolated and cloned into pBR325. The origin of replication of pBR325 was deleted, and the recombinant plasmid was shown to replicate in Escherichia coli, using an origin of replication located on the ...

containing the HSV DNA replication protein, ICP8. Thus components of the cel- lular DNA replication apparatus are present at viral prereplicative sites. Mutant virus strains expressing defective ICP8 do not alter the pattern of host cell DNA replication sites, indicating that functional ICP8 is required

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is kept in a zoonotic transmission cycle between pigs and mosquitoes. JEV causes infection of the central nervous system with a high mortality rate to dead-end hosts, including humans. Many studies have suggested that the flavivirus core protein is not only a component of nucleocapsids but also an important pathogenic ...

The 2-5A system is a recognized mechanistic component of the antiviral action of interferon. Interferon-induced 2-5A synthetase generates 2-5A, which, in turn, activates the latent constitutive RNase L that degrades viral RNA. Chemical conjugation of 2-5A to an antisense oligonucleotide can target the 2-5A-dependent RNase L to the antisense-specified RNA and effect its selective destruction. Such ...

We report here the complete nucleotide sequence of pEntH10407 (65 147 bp), an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli enterotoxin plasmid (Ent plasmid), which is self-transmissible at low frequency. Within the plasmid, we identified 100 open reading frames (ORFs) which could encode polypeptides. These ORFs included regions encoding heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (STIa) enterotoxins, regions encoding ...

Parvoviruses of carnivores include three closely related autonomous parvoviruses: canine parvovirus (CPV), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and mink enteritis virus (MEV). These viruses cause a variety of serious diseases, especially in young patients, since they have a remarkable predilection for replication in rapidly dividing cells. FPV is not the only parvovirus species ...

beta-Adrenergic agonists (beta-agonists) are commonly used to treat respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis but are generally ineffective for unknown reasons. We have previously shown that RSV strain A2 inhibits bronchoalveolar epithelial responses to beta-agonists in a BALB/c mouse model by inducing heterologous keratinocyte ...

Cellular senescence, an important factor in ageing phenotypes, can be induced by replicative exhaustion or by stress. We investigated the relation between maximum replicative capacity, telomere length, stress-induced cellular senescence, and apoptosis/cell death in human primary fibroblast strains obtained from nonagenarians of the ...

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the major diseases in poultry flocks all over the world caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). In the study, the complete genome sequence of strain A2 was sequenced and analyzed, which was a predominant IBV strain in China. The results indicated that there were mutations, ...

... kinetics of viral replication are affected by cell type, organ, age, strain of chickens, or viral isolate is ... ...

Apr 21, 2011... are designed to grow replicate 1.2 ml cultures of two strains of lysogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium P-22), ...

... Pathogenic potential of Filoviruses: role of geographic Origin of primate host and virus strain. ... In: Klenk HD, ed., Marburg and Ebola viruses. ...

... p<.0 0 9 ) and the Trauma-Other corre ... of stress fractures, strains, sprains, and other minor traumas. ... Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA. ...

... Rates and Pathogenicities between the SA14 Parent and SA14-14-2 Vaccine Strains of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Mouse Brain Neurons. ...

The nitrosoguanidine method of mapping the chromosome of Staphylococcus aureus is described. The method employs phenylethyl alcohol inhibition of chromosomal replication followed by periodic exposure to nitrosoguanidine after release from the phenylethyl ...

Apr 21, 2011 ... The Lysogenic Bacteria Experiment Packages are designed to grow replicate 1.2 ml cultures of two strains of lysogenic bacteria (Escherichia ...

Two strains of Punta Toro virus (PTV), isolated from febrile humans in Panama, cause a differential pathogenesis in Syrian hamsters, which could be a useful model for understanding the virulence characteristics and differential outcomes in other phleboviral infections such as Rift Valley fever virus. Genetic reassortants produced between the lethal Adames (A/A/A) and nonlethal ...

A method for measuring strain contours on structures has been developed and tested. Based upon a multiplied moire' fringe technique, it uses a relief grating on the specimen and a replication technique to acquire the deformed grid data for subsequent anal...

We have developed a vaccine strategy for generating an attenuated strain of an intracellular bacterial pathogen that, after uptake by professional antigen-presenting cells, does not replicate intracellularly and is readily killed. However, after degradation of the vaccine strain within the phagolysosome, target antigens are released ...

When Actinoplanes strain ATCC 33076, the producer of A-16686 A1, A2 and A3 complex, is fermented in a suitable medium three additional factors, designated A' 1, A' 2 and A' 3 are produced. These were isolated and characterized, and were shown to differ from the parent components of the original ...

this paper. DNA Damage�Induced Replication Fork Regression and Processing in Escherichia coli Justin Courcelle,* Janet R. Donaldson, Kin-Hoe Chow, Charmain T. Courcelle DNA lesions that block replication gel electrophoresis to show that replication-blocking DNA lesions induce a transient reversal

Circulating recombinant form (CRF) 16_A2D is a rare HIV strain among the most recently identified subsubtype A2. Samples taken from an HIV-seropositive married couple who attended a voluntary counseling and testing unit in Dhaka, Bangladesh showed two rare ...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen affecting 170 million chronically infected individuals. In search for cellular proteins involved in HCV replication, we have developed a purification strategy for viral replication complexes and identified annexin A2 (ANXA2) as an associated host factor. ANXA2 ...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen affecting 170 million chronically infected individuals. In search for cellular proteins involved in HCV replication, we have developed a purification strategy for viral replication complexes and identified annexin A2 (ANXA2) as an associated host factor. ANXA2 ...

Biological Properties of Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Replication-Defective Mutant Strains in a Murine; accepted August 22, 2000 We used a mouse nasal model of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection to examine with human genital infection with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and the uncommon but devastating

The partial nucleotide sequence ( approximately 10 kb) of the cluster of genes encoding the botulinum neurotoxin complex in Clostridium botulinum type A strain Mascarpone was determined. The analysis revealed six ORFs (orfs), which were organized as in the type A2 and type A3 botulinum neurotoxin gene clusters of ...

Four hundred and sixty strains of obligate anaerobes were isolated from 216 cases of ovine foot rot distributed throughout Spain. The predominant species was Dichelobacter nodosus, which was isolated in 168 cases (77.8 per cent). A higher proportion of the strains of D nodosus than of the other strains had elastolytic activity, 118 of ...

To investigate DNA replication enzymology across the nuclear genome of budding yeast, deep sequencing was used to establish the pattern of uncorrected replication errors generated by an asymmetric mutator variant of DNA polymerase ? (Pol ?). Sequencing of 16 genomes identified 1,206-bp substitutions generated over 33 generations by L612M Pol ? in a ...

To investigate DNA replication enzymology across the nuclear genome of budding yeast, deep sequencing was used to establish the pattern of uncorrected replication errors generated by an asymmetric mutator variant of DNA polymerase ? (Pol ?). Sequencing of 16 genomes identified 1,206-bp substitutions generated over 33 generations by L612M Pol ? in a ...

Bacteria are normally haploid, maintaining one copy of their genome in one circular chromosome. We have examined the cell cycle of laboratory strains of Lactococcus lactis, and, to our surprise, we found that some of these strains were born with two complete nonreplicating chromosomes. We determined the cellular content of DNA by flow cytometry and by ...

Comparative and mutational analysis of promoter regions of rinderpest virus was conducted. Minigenomic RNAs harboring the genomic and antigenomic promoter of the lapinized virulent strain (Lv) or an attenuated vaccine strain (RBOK) were constructed, and the expression of the reporter gene was examined. The activities of the antigenomic promoters of these ...

Prion proteins are known to misfold into a range of different aggregated forms, showing different phenotypic and pathological states. Understanding strain specificities is an important problem in the field of prion disease. Little is known about which PrP^Sc structural properties and molecular mechanisms determine prion replication, ...

We have developed a vaccine strategy for generating an attenuated strain of an intracellular bacterial pathogen that, after uptake by professional antigen-presenting cells, does not replicate intracellularly and is readily killed. However, after degradation of the vaccine strain within the phagolysosome, target antigens are released ...

Here we have used siRNAs and time-lapse epifluorescence microscopy to examine the roles of various candidate mitotic cyclins in chromatin condensation in HeLa cells. Knocking down cyclin A2 resulted in a substantial (?7 h) delay in chromatin condensation and histone H3 phosphorylation, and expressing an siRNA-resistant form of cyclin ...

... a,- 2.0 __*_A a) U Experimental data - Theorectical data with doping concentration 3.9xlO"/cm' 1.6 A Theorectical data with doping concentration ...

... A1b, A2, and type B by adult American dog ticks. Similar to a previous study that evaluated transmission efficiency of the same bacterial strains by D. variabilis nymphs (Reese et al. 2010), we observed ac...

Studies performed under this contract have included evaluation of 5 candidate vaccines: attenuated RS virus vaccines, both the cold-adapted A2 strain and the TS-1 mutant; and inactivated M. pneumoniae, parainfluenza and zonal-centrifuged influenza vaccine...

The results of additional trials with two live A2 influenza vaccine strains in young adult human volunteers under conditions of strict isolation corroborate the implications of earlier findings, i.e. a variant sensitive to inhibitor (S+) rather than its i...

Expression of proteins involved in the adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to mammalian cells or in the intracellular life cycle of this bacterium, including listeriolysin O (LLO), ActA, Ami, and InlB, was used to compare two populations of L. monocytogenes strains. One of the populations comprised 300 clinical strains, and the other comprised 150 food ...

Brucella strains produce abortion and infertility in their natural hosts and a zoonotic disease in humans known as undulant fever. These bacteria do not produce classical virulence factors, and their capacity to successfully survive and replicate within a variety of host cells underlies their pathogenicity. Extensive replication of the ...

That which is understood of virulence phenotypes in the picornaviruses derives in large part from studies of artificially attenuating phenotypes rather than through examination of naturally occurring virus strains. The CVB replicate well in a variety of different murine and human cell cultures, making them excellent viruses with which to engage the problem ...

By using Ouchterlony immunodiffusion techniques, we defined three unique antigenic determinants (A1, A2, and A3) among six isolates of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A. Two of these determinants (A2 and A3) were identified as lipopolysaccharides in nature and were not found to occur on the serogroup B ...

The authors have examined the efficiency and fidelity of simian virus 40-origin-dependent replication of UV-irradiated double-stranded DNA in extracts of human cells. Using as a mutational target the [alpha]-complementation domain of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene in bacteriophage M13mp2DNA, replication of undamaged DNA in HeLa cell extracts was highly ...

Yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, has arisen from a less virulent pathogen, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, by a rapid evolutionary process. Although Y. pestis displays a large number of virulence phenotypes, it is not yet clear which of these phenotypes descended from Y. pseudotuberculosis and which were acquired independently. Y. pestis is known to replicate in macrophages, ...

Many Moraxella catarrhalis strains are resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum (NHS). The UspA2 protein of the serum-resistant strain O35E has previously been shown to be directly involved in conferring serum resistance on this strain. Testing of 11 additional serum-resistant M. catarrhalis wild-type isolates and ...

BackgroundTwo HIV-1 positive patients, L and P, participating in the Amsterdam Cohort studies acquired an HIV-1 superinfection within half a year from their primary HIV-1 infection (Jurriaans et al., JAIDS 2008, 47:69-73). The aim of this study was to compare the replicative fitness of the primary and superinfecting HIV-1 strains of both patients. The use ...

Al was found to penetrate the cell envelopes of both sensitive and tolerant Rhizobium strains and bind to DNA in vivo. Despite causing a reduction viability, Al stimulated DNA synthesis in the sensitive strain, which suggested that an excision repair mechanism was operating. The Al-stimulated DNA synthesis was reduced by the simultaneous addition of ...

Factors controlling porcine parvovirus (PPV) replication efficiency are poorly characterized. Two prototype strains of PPV, NADL-2 and Kresse, differ greatly in pathogenic capacity both in vivo and in vitro, yet their genomic sequence is nearly identical (13 single-nucleotide substitutions and a 127-nucleotide noncoding repeated sequence). We have created ...

Factors controlling porcine parvovirus (PPV) replication efficiency are poorly characterized. Two prototype strains of PPV, NADL-2 and Kresse, differ greatly in pathogenic capacity both in vivo and in vitro, yet their genomic sequence is nearly identical (13 single-nucleotide substitutions and a 127-nucleotide noncoding repeated sequence). We have created ...

Background and AimsThe objective of the study was to assess the impact of elevated CO₂ in interaction with rhizobial strains on freezing tolerance and cold-induced molecular changes in alfalfa.MethodsAlfalfa inoculated with two different strains of rhizobium (A2 and NRG34) was grown and cold ...

Susceptibility of 4-week-old mice of different strains to lethal murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection was studied. Strains homozygous for H-2k and C57BL strains were resistant to greater than or equal to 10(5.5) PFU. B10.BR mice congenic for C57BL background genes and H-2k were about 10-fold more resistant than either C3H/HeN or ...

Studies were conducted to determine if two attenuated strains of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus could be transmitted by Culex pipiens mosquitoes. Both strains (RVF MP 12 and T1) replicated in and were transmitted by female Cx. pipiens after intrathoracic i...

Studies were conducted to determine if two attenuated strains of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus could be transmitted by Culex pipiens mosquitoes. Both strains (RVF MP12 and T1) replicated in and were transmitted by female Cx. pipiens after intrathoracic in...

The wild-type ZH501 strain of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus and two small-plaque strains (T1 and T46) derived from it were characterized by plaque size, pathogenicity for hamsters and ability to replicate in Vero cells. Additionally, a mutagenized, attenu...

Three small, cryptic plasmids from the multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter coli strain RM2228 and one small, cryptic plasmid from the MDR Campylobacter jejuni strain RM1170 were sequenced and characterized. pCC2228-1 has some similarity to Firmicutes RepL-family plasmids that replicate via a r...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory failure and viral death in infants. Abundant airway mucus contributes to airway obstruction in RSV disease. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a mediator of pulmonary mucus secretion. It has been shown that infection of BALB/c mice with the RSV line 19 strain but not with the RSV ...

A 3,463-bp plasmid, pSCM201, was isolated from a halophilic archaeon, Haloarcula sp. strain AS7094. The minimal replicon that is essential and sufficient for autonomous replication and stable maintenance in Haloarcula hispanica was determined by deletion analysis of the plasmid. This minimal replicon (?1.8 kb) consisted of only two functionally related ...

Herpes simplex virus vectors are being developed for delivery and expression of human genes to the central nervous system, selective destruction of cancer cells, and as carriers for genes encoding antigens that induce protective immunity against infectious agents. Vectors constructed to meet these objectives must differ from wild-type virus with respect to host range, reactivation from latency, ...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major cause of economic losses in the swine industry. The disease is widespread worldwide, and so PRRSV-negative pigs are often difficult to find for the study of PRRSV in vivo. To determine if a small animal model could be developed for PRRSV, 3 strains of laboratory rodent were examined for their susceptibility ...

Nineteen Thermococcus kodakarensis strains have been constructed, each of which synthesizes a different His(6)-tagged protein known or predicted to be a component of the archaeal DNA replication machinery. Using the His(6)-tagged proteins, stable complexes assembled in vivo have been isolated directly from clarified cell lysates and the T.�kodakarensis ...

Nineteen Thermococcus kodakarensis strains have been constructed, each of which synthesizes a different His₆-tagged protein known or predicted to be a component of the archaeal DNA replication machinery. Using the His₆-tagged proteins, stable complexes assembled in vivo have been isolated directly from ...

Rotavirus replication and virulence are strongly influenced by virus strain and host species. The rotavirus proteins VP3, VP4, VP7, NSP1, and NSP4 have all been implicated in strain and species restriction of replication; however, the mechanisms have not been fully determined. Simian (RRV) and bovine (UK) ...

In addition to the SARS coronavirus (treated separately elsewhere in this volume), the complete genome sequences of six species in the coronavirus genus of the coronavirus family [avian infectious bronchitis virus-Beaudette strain (IBV-Beaudette), bovine coronavirus-ENT strain (BCoV-ENT), human coronavirus-229E strain (HCoV-229E), ...

Enterovirus infections of the pancreatic islets are believed to trigger or precipitate the near total destruction of beta-cells that constitutes type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study investigated the ability of an anti-picornaviral compound, pleconaril, to block the replication of two beta-cell tropic Coxsackie B4 virus (CBV-4) strains in isolated human ...

The factors that control replication rate of the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis in its insect hosts are unknown and difficult to explore, given the complex interaction of symbiont and host genotypes. Using a strain of Wolbachia that is known to over-replicate and shorten the lifespan of its Drosophila melanogaster host, we ...

Bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group are known to cause food poisoning. A rare phylogenetically remote strain, NVH391-98, was recently characterized to encode a particularly efficient cytotoxin K presumably responsible for food poisoning. This pathogenic strain and its close relatives can be phenotypically distinguished from other ...

Somatic mammalian cells possess well-established S-phase programs with specific regions of the genome replicated at precise times. The ATR�Chk1 pathway plays a central role in these programs, but the mechanism for how Chk1 regulates origin firing remains unknown. We demonstrate here the essential role of cyclin A2�Cdk1 in the ...

Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires� disease, a serious and often fatal form of pneumonia. The susceptibility to L. pneumophila arises from the ability of this intracellular pathogen to multiply in human alveolar macrophages and monocytes. L. pneumophila also replicates in several professional and non-professional phagocytic human-derived cell ...

Distinct subgenomic DNA species known as defective (df) DNA molecules were found in plants infected with tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV). Four df DNAs derived from TLCV Type and Darwin 1 strains were found to contain large deletions that disrupt all of the viral genes required for viral replication, encapsidation and spread. However, the viral origin of ...

Phospholipase A2, C, D activities of pathogenic (VGNCI-3, HS-26) and saprophytic (K-1028, G-80) strains of leptospires were determined. The strains used synthesized intracellular and extracellular forms of these esterases. To a considerable degree the endophospholipase activity was associated with the membrane ...

Abstract Five species of freshwater green algae, including three strains of Botryococcus braunii (two and three strains of Botryococcus braunii. Relative to red and brown algae, green algae are closer in origin h dark photo cycle. The 15 cultures of B. braunii (A1W1-5, A2W1-5 and BBW1-5; A1: A race, Morocco

online 1 July 2010; 10.1126/science.1189075 Include this information when citing this paper. Strain-Induced Pseudo�Magnetic Fields Greater Than 300 Tesla in Graphene Nanobubbles N. Levy,1,2 * S. A. Burke,1 * K. L theoretical proposals suggest that strain can be used to engineer graphene electronic states through

BALB/c mice that developed tumors 7 to 8 months following neonatal infection by polyomavirus (PYV) wild-type strain A2 were characterized with respect to the abundance and integrity of the viral genome in the tumors and in 12 nontumorous organs. These patterns were compared to those found in tumor-free mice infected in parallel. Six ...

BackgroundPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an enveloped virus, bearing severe economic consequences to the swine industry worldwide. Previous studies on enveloped viruses have shown that many incorporated cellular proteins associated with the virion's membranes that might play important roles in viral infectivity. In this study, we sought to proteomically profile the ...

The orotidine-5?-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPDC) gene, encoding the final enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, was deleted using Toxoplasma gondii KU80 knockouts to develop an avirulent nonreverting pyrimidine auxotroph strain. Additionally, to functionally address the role of the pyrimidine salvage pathway, the uridine phosphorylase (UP) salvage activity ...

density. With a positive-strand RNA virus, the rate is accelerating since the replication rate retrovirus presents a very diverse ensemble of clonal populations of virus, where each population an effectively clonal population of new retroviruses of strain type 3. Contrast this with (a), the RNA virus

The DNA binding sites for the replication-associated protein (Rep) of two strains of tomato leaf curl virus from New Delhi (ToLCV-Nde) were identified using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). The Rep proteins of the two strains were found to exhibit sequence specificity in recognition of their cognate repeat motifs ...

A comparison was made of the relative sensitivities of laboratory strain human adenoviruses and enteroviruses, and recently isolated human enteroviruses, to the presence of guanidine hydrochloride in cell culture media. The concentration of guanidine hydrochloride used was 100 mi...

... it was the first poultry pathogen controlled by vaccination, ILT is still a major problem in areas ... 5. Virulent viral strains were initially employed for vaccination and administered onto the cloacal m...

... One approach taken to overcome vaccine production and delivery problems is the development of live attenuated vaccines that replicate and express protective antigens in vivo. With the development of ... ...

... not homogenized were used to control the surface disinfection step. All isolation steps were replicated five times ... an insect can tolerate or use these microbial by-products may well depend on its inhe...

The morphogenesis of the hepatotropic phlebovirus Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) has been examined by immunoelectron microscopy in primary hepatocyte cultures derived from genetically susceptible and resistant rat strains. RVFV replicates in both cell typ...

The effect of the recA, uvrD, exrA, and recB mutations and of post- irradiation treatment with chloramphenicol on the survival and post-replicational repair after ultraviolet irradiation of uvrB strains of Escherichia coli K-12 was examined. Each of these mutations or treatments was found to decrease survival and the extent of repair. The ...

The effect of different nutritional conditions on the durations of the G1, S, G2 and D periods of exponentially replicating Tetrahymena pyriformis strain HSM was determined with autoradiographic techniques and observation of individual cells. The data ind...

- sponses, represents an effective immune evasion strategy for pathogens. Yersinia pestis virulence factor. Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, must replicate to a high density in the blood for the same strain in the plague field (Brubaker, 1969; Overheim et al., 2005). Yersinia pestis CO92

is possible in molecular biology, has been controversy about the nature of prions. Argumentation focused on the character of the replicating agent active in prion diseases, or of prion disease strains, has illustrated of prions challenges the presumption that our knowledge of molecular #12; Peter R Wills, Autocatalysis

ON-LINE ABSTRACT ONLY: Avian influenza viruses replicate to high titers in the cells lining the intestinal tract of birds; however, human strains do not. A series of reassortant ... ...

Rapp, Fred (Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.). Plaque differentiation and replication of virulent and attenuated strains of measles virus. J. Bacteriol. 88:1448�1458. 1964.�Plaque formation by strains of measles virus in a stable line of African green monkey kidney cells (BSC-1) is characterized by development ...