We studied the effect of the integrin inhibitor cilengitide in glioma cells. Cilengitide induced cell detachment and decreased cell viability, and induction of autophagy followed by cell apoptosis. In addition, cilengitide decreased the cell renewal of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). Inhibition of autophagy ...

Members of the NDRG (N-Myc downstream-regulated) gene family have been shown to play a variety of roles in human malignancies. In the present study, we examined the expression of NDRG2 protein in glioma samples of WHO grades I-IV. We also investigated the association between NDRG2 expression and survival. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to measure NDRG2 protein ...

... 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) Activation in U87 Glioma Cells Involves a Decrease in Reactive Oxygen Species ...

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) plays key roles in energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions. However, there has been little information regarding the effect of NADH on cell survival. In this study we determined the effect of NADH treatment on the survival of glioma cells. We found that treatment of C6 glioma cells with as low as 1 ?M ...

Malignant gliomas are one of the most devastating and incurable tumors. Sustained excessive angiogenesis by glioma cells is the major reason for their uncontrolled growth and resistance toward conventional therapies resulting in high mortality. Therefore, targeting angiogenesis should be a logical strategy to prevent or control glioma ...

Malignant gliomas are one of the most devastating and incurable tumors. Sustained excessive angiogenesis by glioma cells is the major reason for their uncontrolled growth and resistance toward conventional therapies resulting in high mortality. Therefore, targeting angiogenesis should be a logical strategy to prevent or control glioma ...

Glioma stem-like cells constitute one of the potential origins of gliomas, and therefore, their elimination is an essential factor for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies. Cannabinoids are known to exert an antitumoral action on gliomas that relies on at least two mechanisms: induction of apoptosis of transformed cells ...

Malignant gliomas are treated with a combination of surgery, radiation, and temozolomide (TMZ), but these therapies ultimately fail due to tumor recurrence. In glioma cultures, TMZ treatment significantly decreases neurosphere formation; however, a small percentage of cells survive and repopulate the culture. A promising target for ...

... 2) Levitt, RJ, Georgescu, MM, and Pollak M. PTEN-induction in U251 glioma cells decreases the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding ...

Temozolomide (TM) has anti-tumor activity in patients with malignant glioma. Implantable poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles of TM (TM-MS) have been developed, enhancing the cytotoxicity of TM to Glioma C6 cells. Vatalanib, as anti-angiogenic agent, has also shown anti-tumor activity with malignant gliomas. We ...

Gliomas are characterized by excessive proliferation, diffuse infiltration and immunosuppression. Recent studies implicate a key role for a restricted population of glioma stem cells (GSCs) in glioma invasive growth and recurrence. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-?2 is a mediator of immunosuppression associated with malignant ...

Magnetic targeting is a promising strategy for achieving localized drug delivery. Application of this strategy to treat brain tumors, however, is complicated by their deep intracranial location, since magnetic field density cannot be focused at a distance from an externally applied magnet. This study intended to examine whether, with magnetic targeting, pathological alteration in brain tumor flow ...

Our previous miRNAs profiling study showed that miR-27b was up-regulated in glioma cells compared with H4 low grade astrocytoma cells. However, the main function of miR-27b in glioma in not known yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and function of miR-27b in the pathogenesis of ...

Interferon-induced transmembrane protein�1 (IFITM1) has recently been identified as a new molecular marker in human colorectal cancer. However, its role in glioma carcinogenesis is not known. In this study, we demonstrated that suppression of IFITM1 expression significantly inhibited proliferation of glioma cells in a time-dependent manner. The growth ...

In this study we examined the effects of proteasome inhibitors on cell apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant glioma cells and glioma stem cells (GSCs). Treatment with proteasome inhibitors and TRAIL induced apoptosis in all the resistant glioma cells and GSCs, but not in astrocytes and neural progenitor cells. Since PKC? has been implicated in ...

Clinical or laboratory evidence of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection has been consistently associated with lower glioma risk in case-control studies, suggesting a protective effect of VZV against glioma. We formulated the following explanatory hypotheses: reactivated VZV preferentially infects and kills gliomas compared to normal ...

Objectives: To study the cytotoxicity induced by photosensitizer mediated sonodynamic effects on c6 glioma cells in vitro and to lay the experimental foundation for the sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of glioma tumor. Methods: A domestic photosensitizer hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) was used as the sensitizer. The growth inhibition rate of c6 ...

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in the central nervous system and a leading cause of tumor-related death. High-mobility group nucleosome binding domain 5 (HMGN5/NSBP1), which is highly expressed in breast cancer and in hormone-induced mouse uterine adenocarcinoma, acts as a potential oncogene in gliomas. In this study, the role of HMGN5 in ...

Melatonin exerts oncostatic effects on different kinds of neoplasias, especially on oestrogen-dependent tumours. Recently, it has been described that melatonin, on the basis of its antioxidant properties, inhibits the growth of glioma cells. Glioma cells express oestrogen receptors and have the ability to synthesise oestrogens from androgens. In the ...

One of the characteristics of gliomas is a decrease in the expression of connexin43, a protein that forms gap junctions. Restoring connexin43 expression in glioma cells reduces their exacerbated rate of cell growth, although it is not yet known how connexin43 modifies the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation. Here, we ...

A subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell properties is responsible for tumor maintenance and progression, and may contribute to resistance to anticancer treatments. Thus, compounds that target cancer stem-like cells could be usefully applied to destroy cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of Eckol, a phlorotannin compound, on stemness and malignancies in ...

Glioma results from unregulated expansion of a self-renewing glioma-initiating cell population. The regulatory pathways which are essential for sustaining the self-renewal of glioma-initiating cells remain largely unknown. Cell surface N-linked oligosaccharides play functional roles in determining cell fate and are associated with ...

BackgroundTo examine the expression of SMAD4 at gene and protein levels in glioma samples with different WHO grades and its association with survival.MethodsTwo hundreds fifty-two glioma specimens and 42 normal control tissues were collected. Immunochemistry assay, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were carried out to investigate the ...

In more than 90% of cancers including glioma, telomere elongation reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is overexpressed. In the present study, we sought to explore whether matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) shRNA could alter hTERT-mediated proliferation in glioma cells. MMP-9 shRNA induced senescence and apoptosis in glioma cells by ...

The resistance of glioma cells to radiations may be diminished by previous ethanol or oxygen treatment. When rat glioma C6 cells were treated with either 50 mM or 100 mM ethanol in the culture medium before X ray irradiation (1000 rads), the surviving cells decrease two weeks later by about 40% compared with irradiated non treated ...

BackgroundHOX genes encode a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors involved in the determination of cell fate and identity during embryonic development. They also behave as oncogenes in some malignancies.ResultsIn this study, we found high expression of the HOXD9 gene transcript in glioma cell lines and human glioma tissues by quantitative ...

To identify therapeutic molecular targets for glioma, we performed modified serological identification of antigens by recombinant complementary DNA (cDNA) expression cloning using sera from a mouse glioma model. Two clones, kinesin family member�23 (Kif23) and structural maintenance of chromosomes�4 (Smc4), were identified as antigens through ...

Thallium (Tl)-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a useful tool for detecting brain tumors. In this study, we evaluated the utility of Tl-201 SPECT for determining the effect of maintenance chemotherapy with ACNU (nimustine hydrochloride)/VCR (vincristine sulfate) against malignant gliomas. The cases were comprised of 16 glioma cases; ...

Due to the prominent angiogenesis that occurs in malignant glioma, antiangiogenic therapy has been attempted. There have been several molecular targets that are specific to malignant gliomas, as well as more broadly in systemic cancers. In this review, I will focus on some topics related to molecular therapeutic targets for glioma ...

Due to the prominent angiogenesis that occurs in malignant glioma, antiangiogenic therapy has been attempted. There have been several molecular targets that are specific to malignant gliomas, as well as more broadly in systemic cancers. In this review, I will focus on some topics related to molecular therapeutic targets for glioma ...

Nineteen adults with brain tumors have been studied with positron emission tomography utilizing FDG. Fourteen had biopsy proven cerebral malignant glioma, one each had meningioma, hemangiopericytoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), two had unbiopsied lesions, and one patient had an area of biopsy proven radiation necrosis. Three different patterns of glucose metabolism ...

Malignant gliomas are aggressive brain tumors with limited therapeutic options, and improvements in treatment require a deeper molecular understanding of this disease. As in other cancers, recent studies have identified highly tumorigenic subpopulations within malignant gliomas, known generally as cancer stem cells. Here, we demonstrate that ...

In the present study organotypic multicellular spheroids (OMS) were used to study the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on malignant gliomas. Compared with the frequently used cell line models, OMS have several advantages with respect to the preservation of the cellular heterogeneity and the structure of the original tumour. OMS prepared from seven glioma ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible seasonality of birth in adult patients suffering from glioma. For this purpose, data from the database of the population-based cancer registry of Bavaria (Germany) were retrieved. For the period 2002-2005, we identified a total of 2174 patients born between 1931 and 1986 diagnosed with malignant ...

Knowledge of the mechanism by which arsenic trioxide exerts the anti-tumor effects may help in designing a more effective regimen for therapy. Transcription factor Sox2, a key gene implicated in maintaining the "stemness" of embryonic and adult stem cells, plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and maintenance of glioblastoma. Here, we found that the expression of Sox2 at transcriptional ...

The beta2 subunit of Na,K-ATPase, initially described as adhesion molecule on glia (AMOG), has been shown to mediate neurone-astrocyte adhesion as well as neural cell migration in vitro. We have investigated the expression of AMOG/beta2 in human gliomas and its effect on glioma cell adhesion and migration. Compared to normal astrocytes of human brain, ...

Three human glioma cell lines were tested for radiation and hyperthermia sensitivity and compared to the responses of a normal human fibroblast cell line. The radiation response of the glioma cell lines exhibited a large shoulder on the radiation survival curve indicating radioresistance when compared to the more radiosensitive fibroblast cell line. The ...

Glioblastoma Multiforme; Anaplastic Astrocytoma; Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma; Malignant Glioma; Brainstem Glioma

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that signals through a family of five G-protein-coupled receptors, termed S1P{sub 1-5}. S1P stimulates growth and invasiveness of glioma cells, and high expression levels of the enzyme that forms S1P, sphingosine kinase-1, correlate with short survival of glioma patients. In this study we examined the ...

Pseudoprogression has been recognized and widely accepted in the treatment of malignant gliomas, as transient increases in the volume of the enhanced area just after chemoradiotherapy, especially using temozolomide. We experienced a similar phenomenon in the treatment of malignant gliomas and meningiomas using boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a ...

In the last decade, evidence has emerged indicating that the growth of a vast majority of tumors including gliomas is sustained by a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell properties called cancer initiating cells. These cells are able to initiate and propagate tumors and constitute only a fraction of all tumor cells. In the present study, we showed that intracerebral ...

Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) is a novel apoptosis-promoting protein. Recently, a decreased expression of PDCD5 has been found in several types of human tumors. However, the expression level of PDCD5 in human gliomas has not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the expression of PDCD5 in 88 human glioma samples at ...

Melatonin interacts with estradiol at the estrogen receptor level in different kinds of neoplasias and also regulates the expression and the activity of some enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of estrogens in peripheral tissues. Glioma cells express estrogen receptors and have the ability to synthesize estrogens locally. Since melatonin inhibits the growth of C6 cells, and ...

Invasion and proliferation in neoplasia require the cooperation of tumor cell and endothelial compartments. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to signaling pathways that modulate invasion and proliferation. Here we show that GSK-3 inhibitors of the indirubin family reduce invasion of glioma cells and ...

Among the natural products shown to possess chemopreventive and anticancer properties, curcumin is one of the most potent. In the current study, we investigated the effects of this natural product on the growth of human glioma U-87 cells xenografted into athymic mice. We show here that curcumin administration exerted significant anti-tumor effects on subcutaneous and ...

The majority of malignant primary brain tumors are gliomas, derived from glial cells. Grade IV gliomas, Glioblastoma multiforme, are extremely invasive and the clinical prognosis for patients is dismal. Gliomas utilize a number of proteins and pathways to infiltrate the brain parenchyma including ion channels and calcium signaling ...

In a pooled analysis of 4 US epidemiologic studies (1993-2001), the authors evaluated the role of 5 female reproductive factors in 357 women with glioma and 822 controls. The authors further evaluated the independent association between 5 implicated gene variants and glioma risk among the study population, as well as the joint associations of female ...

Current data suggest that caffeinated beverages may be associated with lower risk of glioma. Caffeine has different effects on the brain, some of which could play a role in brain carcinogenesis, and coffee has been consistently associated with reduced risk of liver cancer, thus suggesting a potential anticarcinogenic effect. A total of 335 incident cases of ...

Current data suggest that caffeinated beverages may be associated with lower risk of glioma. Caffeine has different effects on the brain, some which could play a role in brain carcinogenesis, and coffee has been consistently associated with reduced risk of liver cancer, thus suggesting a potential anticarcinogenic effect. A total of 335 incident cases of ...

In contrast to reports of extensive hypoxia in human gliomas in situ measured by pO2 histography, non-invasive methods of assessing glioma oxygenation, including nitroimidazole binding, have yielded surprisingly contradictory results. In order to investigate the relationship of necrosis, hypoxia, nitroreductase activity and cellular respiration in human ...

BackgroundPTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten) is a tumor suppressor gene implicated in a wide variety of human cancers, including glioblastoma. PTEN is a major negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Most human gliomas show high levels of activated Akt, whereas less than half of these tumors carry PTEN mutations or homozygous ...

Malignant gliomas are characterized by active invasiveness, necrosis, and vascular proliferation. These pathological features have been speculated to be caused by tissue hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is controlled by rapid stabilization of the HIF-1alpha subunit, is a pivotal transcriptional factor in the cellular response to hypoxia. Although many studies ...

In order to substantiate the use of thallium-201 scintigraphy as a tool to evaluate the proliferative capacity of a glioma, we compared the patterns of cellular localization of thallium-201 (Tl-201) with established proliferation markers - proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in C6 gliomas. Six Sprague-Dawley rats were stereotactically ...

Despite resistance of most gliomas to chemotherapy, approximately 2/3 of oligodendrogliomas show sensitivity to such agents. This sensitivity has been associated with deletions on chromosome 1p alone or in combination with 19q. Higher expression of the enzyme glyoxalase I has been found in oligodendrogliomas with chromosome 1p intact compared to those with a deletion. Higher ...

The protein kinase-C (PKC) second messenger system contributes to regulation of cell growth and differentiation. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of modulators of the PKC enzyme system on the state of differentiation and proliferation rates of human gliomas in vitro. The administration of the PKC-activating phorbol esters 4-beta-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) ...

Gliomas are primary brain tumors associated with a poor prognosis partly due to resistance to conventional therapies. To overcome this problem, we investigated the combined effects of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) and an antiangiogenic agent, thalidomide (THD), or a chemotherapeutic agent, temozolomide (TMZ), on a rat glioma model. GKS (20 Gy single dose) ...

BackgroundNumerous factors that contribute to malignant glioma invasion have been identified, but the upstream genes coordinating this process are poorly known.MethodsTo identify genes controlling glioma invasion, we used genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of primary human glioblastomas to develop an expression-based rank ordering of 30 transcription ...

The application of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and Doppler broadening spectroscopy (DBS) to the study of animal or human tissue has only recently been reported. We have initiated a study of normal brain section and brain section with glioma derived from a rat glioma model. PALS lifetime runs were made with the samples soaked in ...

Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) convert isocitrate to ?-ketoglutarate by oxidative decarboxylation and are thereby involved in multiple metabolic processes. Mutations in the genes encoding IDH1 and IDH2 were first reported in human gliomas in 2008 and later on also identified in a minority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. The mutations universally affect codons 132 in ...

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) belongs to the superfamily of transforming growth factor ?-like cytokines, which can act either as tumor suppressors or as tumor promoters depending on cell type and differentiation. Our investigations focused on analyzing the effects of BMP-7 during glioma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. BMP-7 treatment ...

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) belongs to the superfamily of transforming growth factor ?-like cytokines, which can act either as tumor suppressors or as tumor promoters depending on cell type and differentiation. Our investigations focused on analyzing the effects of BMP-7 during glioma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. BMP-7 treatment ...

The present study identified a novel mechanism of induction of apoptosis in glioblastoma cells by scriptaid - a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Scriptaid reduced glioma cell viability by increasing Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Although scriptaid induced activation of both p38MAPK and JNK, it was the inhibition of JNK that attenuated scriptaid-induced apoptosis ...

Currently available compounds that interfere with VEGF-A signalling effectively inhibit angiogenesis in gliomas, but influence diffuse infiltrative growth to a much lesser extent. Development of a functional tumour vascular bed not only involves VEGF-A but also requires platelet-derived growth factor receptor-? (PDGFR?), which induces maturation of tumour blood vessels. ...

Distinguishing tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis following brain tumor therapy remains a major clinical challenge. Here we demonstrate the ability to distinguish these lesions using the amide proton transfer (APT) MRI signals of endogenous cellular proteins and peptides as an imaging biomarker. When comparing two orthotopic glioma models (SF188/V+ ...

The strong tendency of malignant glioma cells to invade locally into surrounding normal brain precludes effective surgical resection, reduces the efficacy of radiotherapy, and is associated with increased resistance to chemotherapy regimens. We report that the N-terminal FERM domain of Pyk2 regulates its promigratory function. A 3-dimensional model of the Pyk2 FERM domain was ...

OBJECTIVENeointimal hyperplasia is an inflammatory and proliferative process that occurs as a result of injury to the vessel wall. We have shown that the homeostatic protein A20 prevents neointimal hyperplasia by affecting endothelial cell (EC) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) responses to injury. In this work, we questioned whether ...

The application of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and Doppler broadening spectroscopy (DBS) to the study of animal or human tissue has only recently been reported [G. Liu, et al. phys. stat. sol. (C) 4, Nos. 10, 3912-3915 (2007)]. We have initiated a study of normal brain section and brain section with glioma derived from a rat glioma ...

The application of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and Doppler broadening spectroscopy (DBS) to the study of animal or human tissue has only recently been reported [G. Liu, et al. phys. stat. sol. (C) 4, Nos. 10, 3912-3915 (2007)]. We have initiated a study of normal brain section and brain section with glioma derived from a rat glioma ...

Gliomas are associated with high mortality because of their exceedingly invasive character. As these tumors acquire their invasiveness from low-grade tumors, it is very important to understand the detailed molecular mechanisms of invasion onset. Recent evidences suggest the significant role of microRNAs in tumor invasion. Thus, we hypothesized that deregulation of microRNAs ...

The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is expressed in processes like embryogenesis and wound healing and in neoplasia. Tenascin-C expression in gliomas has been described previously; however, the relation to clinical data remains inconsistent. Generally, analysis of tenascin-C function is difficult due to different alternatively spliced isoforms. Our studies focus on ...

Primary brain tumors, gliomas, diffusely invade the brain by active cell migration either intraparenchymal, along white matter tracts or along blood vessels. The close relationship of glioma with the vasculature assures a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients essential for cell growth, and exposes cells to a variety growth factors, chemokines, ...

Gliomas are the most aggressive of all human malignancies. Survivin is overexpressed in gliomas, and overexpression of survivin is associated with the progression of gliomas and the poor prognosis of glioma patients. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is used in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and is active in vitro ...

Swainsonine, an extract from Astragalus membranaceus, is known for its anti-cancer effects and could prevent metastases. In order to investigate the effects and mechanisms of swainsonine in C6 glioma cells, we carry out correlated experiments in vitro and in vivo. After treatment with swainsonine, the effective dose and IC(50) value of swainsonine in the C6 ...

Brain tumors frequently recur or progress as focal masses after treatment with ionizing radiation. However, the mechanisms underlying the repopulation of tumor cells after radiation have remained unclear. In this study, we show that cellular signaling from Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog (Abl) to protein kinase C? (PKC?) is crucial for fractionated-radiation-induced expansion of ...

Our analysis failed to establish any antitumor effect of treatment of rats with transplantable glioma-35 with iron-containing mineral drinking water (ICMW). The latter treatment combined with irradiation (15 Gy) was followed by enhanced genotoxic effect in white blood cells. Post-irradiation administration of ICMW did not influence glioma growth ...

Malignant glioma is the most common primary brain tumor. Malignant melanoma is the most malignant of skin tumor. The two malignancies are poorly responsive to conventional treatment regimens such as chemotherapy. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a DNA-alkylating agent used for the treatment of glioma, astrocytoma, and melanoma. Resistance to alkylating agents such as ...

Cannabinoids inhibit tumor angiogenesis in mice, but the mechanism of their antiangiogenic action is still unknown. Because the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway plays a critical role in tumor angiogenesis, here we studied whether cannabinoids affect it. As a first approach, cDNA array analysis showed that cannabinoid administration to mice bearing s.c. gliomas ...

It has been shown that /sup 252/Cf neutron brachytherapy of hemispheric malignant glioma can be readily carried out and may be combined with external, whole brain photon beam therapy of 6,000 rad (60 Gy) administered over a five-week to seven-week period. The ten patients who were studied tolerated both procedures well. There was improvement in performance status, and a ...

It has been shown that /sup 252/Cf neutron brachytherapy of hemispheric malignant glioma can be readily carried out and may be combined with external, whole brain photon beam therapy of 6,000 rad (60 Gy) administered over a five-week to seven-week period. The ten patients who were studied tolerated both procedures well. There was improvement in performance status, and a ...

BackgroundAccelerated atherosclerosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia is a recognized independent risk factor for heightened atherogenesis in diabetes mellitus (DM). However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying glucose damage to the vasculature remains incomplete.Methodology/Principal FindingsHigh glucose and hyperglycemia reduced ...

Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Pontine Glioma.; Newly Diagnosed Pediatric High Grade Glioma.; Recurrent Pediatric High Grade Glioma.; Recurrent Pediatric Low Grade Glioma.

PurposeWe hypothesized that the type-1 interferons (IFNs) would play a pivotal role in anti-glioma immunosurveillance through promotion of type-1 adaptive immunity and suppression of immunoregulatory cells.Experimental DesignWe induced de novo gliomas in Ifnar1^?/? (deficient for type-1 IFN receptors) or wild type (WT) mice by ...

Topoisomerase I is one of the most significant molecular targets through which indolocarbazoles inhibit tumour growth. In the present work, we studied the effect of new pyrrolo[2,3-?]carbazole derivatives on topoisomerase I activity in vitro, as well as on the viability of glioma and endothelial cells in vitro and on angiogenesis in vivo. All the tested compounds significantly ...

BACKGROUND:: Kringle 1-5 (K1-5) is a potent antiangiogenesis factor for treating breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its use in treating brain tumors has not been studied. OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate whether K1-5 is effective at treating gliomas. METHODS:: The effects of K1-5 on cell morphology and cytotoxicity with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were tested ...

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a main effector peptide in the renin�angiotensin system and participates in the regulation of vascular tone. It also has a role in the expression of growth factors that induce neovascularisation which is closely associated to the growth of malignant gliomas. We have shown that the selective blockage of the AT₁ receptor of ...

... Relationship and Family Issues Diagnosis Astrocytoma Brain stem gliomas Craniopharyngioma Ependymomas Gliomas Medulloblastoma Optic nerve gliomas Pineal ...

... Relationship and Family Issues Diagnosis Astrocytoma Brain stem gliomas Craniopharyngioma Ependymomas Gliomas Medulloblastoma Optic nerve gliomas Pineal ...

... IV - Glioblastoma (GBM) Chordoma CNS Lymphoma Craniopharyngioma Other Gliomas: Brain Stem Glioma Ependymoma Mixed Glioma Optic Nerve Glioma Subependymoma Medulloblastoma ...

Gliomas arise from the "gluey," or supportive tissue of the brain. There are several different types of gliomas. The type of glioma is determined by the cells that give rise ...

PurposeTo review the involvement of the ion transporter Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (NaK) in the migration and proliferation of glioma cells. Preliminary studies indicate that NaK ?₁ subunits seem to be upregulated in a proportion of glioblastomas but not in normal brain tissues.DesignThe present review focuses on (1) the ...

Glioblastomas are the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor. Recent studies implicate an important role for a restricted population of neoplastic cells (glioma stem cells (GSCs)) in glioma maintenance and recurrence. We now demonstrate that GSCs preferentially express two interleukin 6 (IL6) receptors: IL6 receptor alpha (IL6R alpha) and ...

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and lethal primary brain tumor. Recent studies implicate an important role for a restricted population of neoplastic cells (glioma stem cells; GSCs) in glioma maintenance and recurrence. We now demonstrate that GSCs preferentially express the interleukin 6 (IL6) receptors interleukin 6 receptor alpha (IL6R?) and ...

Gliomas are aggressive brain tumor. Association studies were consistent for an inverse association between asthma and allergic conditions (IgE levels) and risk of glioma. Studies reported that the IL-4Ra, IL-13 and STAT6 genes played a relatively strong role in IgE production or allergy. This population-based case-control study aimed to find potential ...

In the search for a boron-containing substance which would concentrate much more in gliomas than in brain, phenylhoronic acid and seven mono-substituted compounds thereof were studied. For each compound the partitioning ratio between an aqueous medium and benzene, the toxicity in mice, and the glioma to brain ratio in mice following parenteral ...

PURPOSE Antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is a promising treatment approach for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. This single-arm phase II study evaluated the efficacy of aflibercept (VEGF Trap), a recombinantly produced fusion protein that scavenges both VEGF and placental growth factor in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. PATIENTS AND ...

To construct a lentiviral shRNA vector targeting human protein phosphatase 1D magnesium-dependent (PPM1D) gene and detect its effectiveness of gene silencing in human gliomas, specific siRNA targets with short hairpin frame were designed and synthesized. DNA oligo was cloned into the pFU-GW-iRNA lentiviral expression vector, and then PCR and sequencing analyses were conducted ...

High biological activity of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-Smad pathway characterizes the malignant phenotype of malignant gliomas and confers poor prognosis to glioma patients. Accordingly, TGF-beta has become a novel target for the experimental treatment of these tumors. TGF-beta is processed by furin-like proteases (FLP) and secreted from ...

We have investigated the possibility that photoexcited titanium dioxide (TiO2) could inhibit the growth of malignant cells. We studied the anti-glioma effects of nano-TiO2 excited with ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation both in vitro and in vivo. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that glioma cells take up TiO2 by phagocytosis, and vital staining ...

AbstractIn order to identify differences in functional activity, we compared the reactivity of glioma vasculature and the native cerebral vasculature to both dilate and constrict in response to altered P_aCO₂. Gliomas were generated by unilateral implantation of U87MGdEGFR human glioma tumor ...

Numerous studies support a role for Sox2 to keep stem cells and progenitor cells in an immature and proliferative state. Coexpression of Sox2 and GFAP has been found in regions of the adult brain where neural stem cells are present and in human glioma cells. In our study, we have investigated the roles of Sox2 and its counteracting partner Sox21 in human ...

Glioma tumors are refractory to conventional treatment. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of primary brain tumors in humans. In this study, we introduce oxidative stress-energy depletion (OSED) therapy as a new suggested treatment for glioblastoma. OSED utilizes D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), which is a promising therapeutic protein that induces oxidative stress ...

Because glioma etiology is largely unknown, the inverse association of glioma risk with atopic conditions is promising and deserves close scrutiny. We examined the association between a history of allergies, asthma, and eczema, and glioma risk using sibling, friend, and clinic-based controls. This analysis included 388 incident ...

Dual-targeting nanoparticle drug delivery system was developed by conjugating Angiopep with PEG-PCL nanoparticles (ANG-NP) through bifunctional PEG to overcome the limitations of low transport of chemotherapeutics across the Blood-brain barrier (BBB) and poor penetration into tumor tissue. ANG-NP can target the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) which is over-expressed on the ...

ABSTRACT: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) carries a dismal prognosis primarily due to its aggressive proliferation in the brain regulated by complex molecular mechanisms. One promising molecular target in GBM is over-expressed basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which has been correlated with growth, progression, and vascularity of human malignant gliomas. Previously, we ...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) carries a dismal prognosis primarily due to its aggressive proliferation in the brain regulated by complex molecular mechanisms. One promising molecular target in GBM is over-expressed basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which has been correlated with growth, progression, and vascularity of human malignant gliomas. Previously, we reported ...

The contribution of lipid metabolic pathways to malignancy is poorly understood. Expression of the fatty acyl-CoA synthetase, ACSVL3, was found to be markedly elevated in clinical malignant glioma specimens but nearly undetectable in normal glia. ACSVL3 levels correlated with the malignant behavior of human glioma cell lines and glioma ...

We sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which rosiglitazone (RGZ) inhibits cell invasion in human glioma cells. In this study, we found that RGZ attenuated MMP-2 protein levels, MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity, and cell invasiveness through a PPAR-gamma independent pathway. RGZ increased mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) expression. The addition ...

Optic nerve gliomas represent one to five percent of all intracranial tumors in children. The management of these tumors remains controversial. From 1956 to 1977, 18 children with optic nerve gliomas were treated at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital using external beam radiotherapy. All children presented with decreased visual ...

The survival of rat C6 glioma decreased in the presence of implants from VT-16 titanium alloy. Diamond-like carbon coating of VT-16 alloy slightly increased cell death on day 5 of the experiment (39.9+/-2.1%). The percentage of dead C6 glioma cells inside titanium rings with diamond-like carbon coating, incorporating up to 3.5 atom.% ...

Effects of a glucose antimetabolite, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), on the gamma ray induced radiation damage have been studied in organ cultures of human cerebral gliomas. Percentage of cells with micronuclei (M-fraction) was used to assay the radiation damage. Experimental data indicate the following results. Untreated cerebral gliomas show considerable ...

Glioblastomas are among the malignancies most resistant to radiation therapy. In contrast, cells lacking the ATM protein are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. The relationship between ATM protein expression and radiosensitivity in 3 glioma cell lines was examined. T98G cells exhibited normal levels of ATM protein, whereas U118 and U87 cells had significantly lower levels ...

Cytoglobin is a recently identified vertebrate globin whose functions include scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrosative species. In tumor cells, CYGB may function as a tumor suppressor gene. Here we show that knockdown of cytoglobin expression can sensitize human glioma cells to oxidative stress induced by chemical inhibitors of the electron transport chain and as well can ...

Malignant gliomas are the most common type of intrinsic central nervous system (CNS) tumors with high mortality and morbidity. ?-catenin is overexpressed in human glioblastoma and knockdown of ?-catenin inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasive ability, and induces apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, treating the nude mice carrying established subcutaneous LN229 ...

Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is a proximal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor and a central mediator of the unfolded protein response. In a human glioma model, inhibition of IRE1? correlated with down-regulation of prevalent proangiogenic factors such as VEGF-A, IL-1?, IL-6, and IL-8. Significant up-regulation of antiangiogenic gene transcripts was also apparent. ...

Glioblastomas are characterized by an intense local invasiveness that limits surgical resection. One mechanism by which glioma cells enforce their migration into brain tissue is reorganization of tumour associated extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen XVI is a minor component of connective tissues. However, in glioblastoma tissue it is dramatically upregulated compared to the ...

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound highly enriched in grapes, peanuts, red wine, and a variety of food sources. Sulforaphane belongs to the family of isothiocyanates and is highly enriched in cruciferous vegetables. Our previous study showed that resveratrol, when used at high concentrations, inhibited cell proliferation, caused the cell cycle arrest and induced apoptotic ...

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound highly enriched in grapes, peanuts, red wine, and a variety of food sources. Sulforaphane belongs to the family of isothiocyanates and is highly enriched in cruciferous vegetables. Our previous study showed that resveratrol, when used at high concentrations, inhibited cell proliferation, caused the cell cycle arrest and induced apoptotic ...

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are promising candidates for cell therapy of neurological diseases. However, co-transplantation of MSC with tumour cell lines has been reported to promote tumour growth. In this study, we co-transplant glioma cells together with alginate-encapsulated MSC. Immunocompetent BD-IX rats were inoculated with syngeneic BT4Ca ...

Therapies for high-grade gliomas (HHG) that have strong tendency of infiltration and resistance to chemotherapies are currently unavailable. Here, we report that lower-dose combination therapy of Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK) CT, a type of scorpion toxin peptide, and LiCl, clinically used as mood stabilizer, could synergistically inhibit the migration, invasion and ...

Purpose: Tumor hypoxia is a well-known therapeutic problem; however, a lack of methods for repeated measurements of glioma partial pressure of oxygen (pO{sub 2}) limits the ability to optimize the therapeutic approaches. We report the effects of 9.3 Gy of radiation and carbogen inhalation on orthotopic 9L and C6 gliomas and on the contralateral brain ...

PurposeTumor hypoxia is a well-known therapeutic problem; however, a lack of methods for repeated measurements of glioma partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) limits the ability to optimize the therapeutic approaches. We report the effects of 9.3 Gy of radiation and carbogen inhalation on orthotopic 9L and C6 gliomas and on the ...

Nestin, a class VI intermediate filament protein, was originally described as a neuronal stem cell marker during central nervous system development. Nestin is expressed in gliomas, and its expression levels are higher in gliomas with high WHO histopathological classification grades than in those with low grades. In the present study, we examined whether ...

BackgroundEndothelin receptor antagonists inhibit the progression of many cancers, but research into their influence on glioma has been limited.MethodsWe treated glioma cell lines, LN-229 and SW1088, and melanoma cell lines, A375 and WM35, with two endothelin receptor type B (ETRB)-specific antagonists, A-192621 and BQ788, and quantified viable cells by ...

The phytochemical curcumin, from the Indian spice turmeric, has many biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. We have examined the effects of curcumin on the rat C6 glioma cell line. Treated and control cells were analyzed by Hoechst 33342 dye and flow cytometry. We observed a decrease in the side population (SP) ...

Purpose: To report preliminary clinical and dosimetric data from intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for malignant gliomas. Methods and Materials: Fifty-eight consecutive high-grade gliomas were treated between January 2001 and December 2003 with dynamic multileaf collimator IMRT, planned with the inverse approach. A dose of 59.4-60 Gy at 1.8-2.0 Gy ...

Approximately half of all gliomas are resistant to chemotherapy, and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to treat this cancer. We hypothesized that disrupting iron homeostasis in glioma cells could block tumor growth, based on an acute requirement for high levels of iron to meet energy requirements associated with their rapid growth. Ferritin is ...

RRP22 (Ras-related protein on chromosome 22) has been suggested as a candidate tumor suppressor in human cancers. Investigating a panel of 70 human gliomas we found a frequent decrease in the RRP22 mRNA expression levels (67%), preferentially in high-grade gliomas (WHO grades III and IV) as compared to low-grade ...

The chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) and the anti-angiogenic agent thalidomide (THD) have both demonstrated anti-tumor activity in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Combination treatment with TMZ and THD in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) appears to be more effective than treatment with either drug alone. To investigate the mechanism of this ...

Low Grade Gliomas; Protoplasmic Astrocytomas; Fibrillary Astrocytomas; Gemistocytic Astrocytomas; Oligoastrocytomas

Gliomas; Anaplastic Astrocytoma; Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma; Anaplastic Mixed Glioma; Glioblastoma Multiforme

The etiology of brain tumors is still largely unknown. Previous research indicates that infectious agents and immunological characteristics may influence adult glioma risk. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of birth order and sibship size (total number of siblings), as indicators of the timing and frequency of early life infections, on adult ...

Implantable and poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles were developed to deliver temozolomide (TM) continuously in interstitial chemotherapy for glioma. The therapeutic effect of temozolomide/PLGA was evaluated in a rat C6 glioma model. C6 cells were implanted orthotopically into 100 rat brains in 5 groups (n�=�20 each): sham operation ...

Connexins (Cxs), the gap junction proteins, have been found to be downregulated in many types of cancers including gliomas. By restoring gap junctional communication in cancer cell models, the neoplastic phenotype can be reversed, suggesting Cxs are tumor suppressors. Pannexin2 (Panx2) is a member of the novel gap junction protein family, Panxs, and it has been proposed as a ...

Glioblastoma multiform is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults, but there remains no effective therapeutic approach. 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), which is a naturally occurring metabolite of 17beta-estradiol, was shown to enhance radiotherapeutic effect in certain tumors; however, whether 2-ME can also enhance the sensitivity of glioma cells to radiotherapy ...

Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumors in adults, have a poor outcome. PBN (?-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone) and OKN007 (2,4-disulfophenyl-PBN) are nitrones that have demonstrated beneficial effects in many aging diseases. In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumor effects of PBN and OKN007 in several rodent glioma models (C6, RG2, and GL261) by ...

Gliomas are the most common adult primary brain tumors, and the most malignant form, glioblastoma multiforme, is invariably fatal. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is altered in most glioblastoma multiforme. PTEN, an important negative regulator of the PI3K-Akt pathway, is also commonly mutated in glioma, leading to ...

Conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) represent a novel treatment strategy for malignant glioma. Recent studies suggest that the cytopathic effect elicited by these vectors is mediated through autophagy, a form of programmed cell death. Likewise, temozolomide (TMZ), a chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of malignant gliomas, also ...

Brain fatty acid-binding protein (B-FABP) is normally expressed in radial glial cells, where it plays a role in the establishment of the radial glial fiber network required for neuronal migration. B-FABP is also expressed in astrocytoma tumors and in some malignant glioma cell lines. To address the role of B-FABP in malignant glioma, we have studied the ...

The cell volume, which controls numerous cellular functions, is theoretically linearly related with the inverse osmolarity. However, deviations from this law have often been observed. In order to clarify the origin of these deviations we electronically measured the mean cell volume of rat glioma cells under three different experimental conditions, namely: at different ...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) inhibit anti-tumor immune responses and facilitate tumor growth. Precursors for these immune cell populations migrate to the tumor site in response to tumor secretion of chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), which was originally purified and identified from human ...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) inhibit anti-tumor immune responses and facilitate tumor growth. Precursors for these immune cell populations migrate to the tumor site in response to tumor secretion of chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), which was originally purified and identified from human ...

Aberrant cell-surface glycosylation patterns are present on virtually all tumors and have been linked to tumor progression, metastasis, and invasivity. We have shown that expressing a normally quiescent, glycoprotein-specific alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal1) gene in gliomas inhibited invasivity in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. To identify other glycogene targets with ...

BackgroundGliomas are the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors for which unfortunately no effective treatment modalities exist despite advances in molecular biology as the knowledge base to unravel the extremely complex molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis is limited. In this study an attempt has been made to understand the molecular pathological basis of ...