Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) channels are the main pathway of Ca²⁺ entry in non-excitable cells such as neural progenitor cells (NPCs). However, the role of SOCE channels has not been defined in the neuronal differentiation from NPCs. Here, we show that canonical transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) ...

Remyelination in the adult central nervous system has been demonstrated in different experimental models of demyelinating diseases. However, there is no clear evidence that remyelination occurs in multiple sclerosis, the most diffuse demyelinating disease. In this article, we explore the possibility of promoting myelination in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, a widely used experimental ...

ObjectivesPrenatal exposure to cocaine causes cytoarchitectural alterations in the developing neocortex. Previously, we reported that cocaine inhibits neural progenitor cell proliferation through oxidative endoplasmic reticulum stress and consequent down-regulation of cyclin A, whereas cyclin A expression was increased in astrocytes. In the present study, ...

Experimental animals with myelin disorders can be treated by transplanting oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into the affected brain or spinal cord. OPCs have been isolated by their expression of gangliosides recognized by mAb A2B5, but this marker also identifies lineage-restricted ...

Neurosphere-forming cells (NSFCs) derived from primary cultures of adult human olfactory epithelium were established in minimum essential medium (MEM) with Hanks balanced salts and 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS). A totally defined medium (DM) was employed to examine their proliferation, lineage restriction and differentiation. DMEM/F12 (DF) was found to support NSFCs and served as ...

Recently a murine monoclonal antibody (A2B5) has been described that reacts with a membrane associated GQ ganglioside common to peptide secreting normal cells and tumors. In vitro binding data demonstrated the presence of this ganglioside on neurons, adrenal medulla, and pancreatic islets, along with neuroendocrine ...

Fusion of spleen cells from a mouse immunized with chicken embryo retina cells with clonal mouse myeloma cells yielded a lymphocyte hybrid cell line that produced antibody that bound to neural tissue such as retina, brain, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia but not to other tissues tested. The antigen was shown by indirect immunofluorescence to be associated with plasma ...

Fusion of spleen cells from a mouse immunized with chicken embryo retina cells with clonal mouse myeloma cells yielded a lymphocyte hybrid cell line that produced antibody that bound to neural tissue such as retina, brain, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia but not to other tissues tested. The antigen was shown by indirect immunofluorescence to be associated with plasma ...

A monoclonal antibody (Mab) that recognizes the neural cell-adhesion sialoglycoprotein, N-CAM, and another Mab, A2B5, that recognizes a family of gangliosides were used to study the regulation of their expression in NG108-15 cells. Radioimmunoassay of membrane fractions or analysis of western ...

Precise patterns of division, migration and differentiation of neural progenitor cells are crucial for proper brain development and function. To understand the behavior of neural progenitor cells in the complex in vivo environment, time-lapse live imaging of neural ...

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) originate from multiple types of progenitor cells. In the embryo, the most well-studied SMC progenitor is the cardiac neural crest stem cell. Smooth muscle differentiation in the neural crest lineage is controlled by a combination of cell intrinsic factors, includ...

One of the impediments to the treatment of some human brain tumors (e.g. gliomas) has been the degree to which they expand, migrate widely, and infiltrate normal tissue. We demonstrate that a clone of multipotent neural progenitor stem cells, when implant...

Current testing methods for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) make evaluation of the effects of large numbers of chemicals impractical and prohibitively expensive. As such, we are evaluating two different human neural progenitor cell (hNPC) models for their utility in screens for...

The present invention provides methods for promoting or suppressing differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells, for producing differentiated neural cells, and for isolating/purifying differentiated neural cells. Also provided are differentiated neura...

Human neural progenitor cells have a strong potential for use as cell-based biosensors for environmental toxins. The overall goal of this project is to develop a human neural cell based biosensor using ArunA's neural cell lines. In this report, we detail ...

Task, The Impact of HZE Particles on Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis .... mechanisms in Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) in vitro and in vivo ...

The Impact of HZE Particles on Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis ... repair mechanisms in Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) in vitro and in vivo ...

We demonstrate that hCD4-primed gp120IIIB interacts with CXCR4 receptors expressed by postnatal mouse neural progenitor cells and elicits robust Ca²⁺ signals. The chemokine SDF-1 acted as a chemoattractant and a mitogenic stimulus for these neural progenitor cells. Although hCD4/gp120 was not ...

Growing knowledge about the role of neural progenitor cells supports the hope that stem cell-based therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring function in the lesioned central nervous system can be established. Possible therapies for promoting recovery after spinal cord injury include stimulating the formation of neurons and glial cells by endogenous ...

Culturing neural progenitor cells from the adult rodent brain has become routine and is also possible from human fetal tissue, but expansion of these cells from postnatal and adult human tissue, although preferred for ethical reasons, has encountered problems. Here we describe the isolation and successful propagation of neural ...

Human neural progenitor cells have a strong potential for use as cell-based biosensors for environmental toxins. The overall goal of this project is to develop a human neural cell based biosensor using ArunA's neural progenitor cell line, hNP1-tm. In this...

Glioblastomas, like other cancers, harbor small cell populations with the capability of sustaining tumor formation. These cells are referred to as cancer stem cells. We isolated cells expressing the surface marker A2B5 from three human glioblastomas (GBM) and showed that after grafting into nude mice, they ...

Global analysis of stem/progenitor cells promises new insight into mechanisms that govern self-renewal and cellular potential, an unresolved question of stem/progenitor cell biology. Despite rapid advance of genome-wide profiling methods, the difficulty in cell purification remains a major challenge for global analysis of somatic ...

In mammalian brain development, neuroepithelial cells act as progenitors that produce self-renewing and differentiating cells. Recent technical advances in live imaging and gene manipulation now enable us to investigate how neural progenitors generate the 2 different types of cells with unprecedented accuracy and resolution, shedding ...

Recent research in neural development has highlighted the importance of markers to discriminate phenotypic alterations of neural cells at various developmental stages. We isolated a new monoclonal antibody, 4F2, which was shown to be specific for an oligodendrocyte lineage. In primary cultures of oligodendroglial and mixed neural ...

The neural ectoderm of vertebrates forms when the BMP signaling pathway is suppressed. Herein we review the molecules that directly antagonize extracellular BMP and the signaling pathways that further contribute to reduce BMP activity in the neural ectoderm. Downstream of neural induction, a large number of ...

During cortical development, coordination of proliferation and differentiation ensures the timely generation of different neural progenitor lineages that will give rise to mature neurons and glia. Geminin is an inhibitor of DNA replication and it has been proposed to regulate cell proliferation and fate determination during neurogenesis via interactions ...

In recent years the study of stem and progenitor cells has moved to the forefront of research. Since the isolation of human hematopoietic stem cells in 1988 and the subsequent discovery of a self renewing population of multipotent cells in many tissues, m...

progenitors during axolotl spinal cord regeneration reveals evidence for both spatially restricted such as the axolotl. Little is known about how neural progenitor cells are recruited from the mature tail, how migration of cells into the surrounding blastema is also observed. KEY WORDS: Axolotl, Spinal cord

After central nervous system (CNS) injury, reactive astrocytes display opposing functions, inducing neural repair and axonal regeneration via the release of growth factors, or forming a glial scar which acts as a barrier to axonal regeneration. Endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells have also recently been identified at the site of ...

Superior colliculus (SC) is the target of retinal neurons, allowing them to form connections. Cultured stem cells/progenitors can potentially be used as donor tissue to reconstruct degenerated retina including perhaps replacing lost ganglion cells in glaucoma. In which case, it will be essential for these cells to integrate with the central nervous system targets. Here, we ...

in neurogenesis in the adult brain. Here we show that neural progenitor cells infected with lentiviral vectors a physiological role for PS1 in adult neurogenesis, and a potential target for the manipulation of neural development (Machon et al., 2003). In summary, we show that PS1 plays a major role in adult neurogenesis

It is well established that the somitic mesoderm regulates early stages of neural crest development and further segmentation of crest-derived peripheral ganglia. The possibility that neural crest progenitors feed back on the somites was, however, not explored. Two recent studies provide evidence that the neural ...

Recent studies have shown that neural crest-derived progenitor cells can be found in diverse mammalian tissues including tissues that were not previously shown to contain neural crest derivatives, such as bone marrow. The identification of those "new" neural crest-derived progenitor cells opens ...

Although brain development abnormalities and brain cancer predisposition have been reported in some Fanconi patients, the possible role of Fanconi DNA repair pathway during neurogenesis is unclear. We thus addressed the role of fanca and fancg, which are involved in the activation of Fanconi pathway, in neural stem and progenitor cells during brain ...