Sample records for a4-a parkersburg wv

  1. 75 FR 26793 - Fypon, Ltd., Parkersburg, WV, Including Workers Whose Unemployment Insurance, (UI) Wages Are Paid...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-12

    ...., Parkersburg, WV, Including Workers Whose Unemployment Insurance, (UI) Wages Are Paid through Therma-Tru Doors... Unemployment Insurance, (UI) Wages Are Paid Through Therma-Tru Doors, Archbold, OH; Amended Certification... employment at the subject firm had their wages reported under a separate unemployment insurance (UI) tax...

  2. 78 FR 60376 - Proposed Collection: Direct Deposit Sign-Up Form

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-01

    ..., as required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A... Fiscal Service, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.... Sharp, Bureau of the Fiscal Service, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, (304) 480- 8150...

  3. 77 FR 38394 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-27

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp.... Sharp, Bureau of the Public Debt, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, (304) 480-8150...

  4. 76 FR 75464 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West Virginia and Ohio...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-02

    ... 1997 Annual Fine Particle Standard for the Parkersburg-Marietta and Wheeling Nonattainment Areas AGENCY... Parkersburg-Marietta, West Virginia-Ohio (WV-OH) fine particle (PM 2.5 ) nonattainment area and the Wheeling... determined that the Parkersburg-Marietta, WV- OH and Wheeling, WV-OH fine particle (PM 2.5 ) nonattainment...

  5. 2. VIEW EAST, REAR. see also WV2371, WV2372, WV2373, WV23710, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    2. VIEW EAST, REAR. see also WV-237-1, WV-237-2, WV-237-3, WV-237-10, WV-237-F-2, WV-237-G-3 and historic photographs WV-237-11, WV-237-12, WV-237-13, WV-237-14, WV-237-18, WV-237-F-5) - Parsons Nursery, Original Wash House, South side of U.S. Route 219, Parsons, Tucker County, WV

  6. 2. VIEW SOUTH. (see also WV2371, WV2373, WV23710 and historic ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    2. VIEW SOUTH. (see also WV-237-1, WV-237-3, WV-237-10 and historic photographs WV-237-11, WV-237-12, WV-237-13, WV-237-14, WV-237-18, WV-237-22) - Parsons Nursery, Workshop-Warehouse, South side of U.S. Route 219, Parsons, Tucker County, WV

  7. 1. Photocopied January 1973 from the Keystone Bridge Company Album, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    1. Photocopied January 1973 from the Keystone Bridge Company Album, 1874. THE KEYSTONE BRIDGE COMPANY: LUCY FURNACE. - Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Parkersburg Bridge, Ohio River, Parkersburg, Wood County, WV

  8. 14. Photocopied 1973 from original owned by Albert M. Stiles, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    14. Photocopied 1973 from original owned by Albert M. Stiles, Jr., Parkersburg, WV, 1907. MOUNT FARM OIL COMPANY. - West Oil Company Endless Wire Pumping Station, U.S. Route 50 (Volcano vicinity), Petroleum, Ritchie County, WV

  9. 78 FR 71038 - Proposed Collection: Resolution for Transactions Involving Treasury Securities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-27

    ... U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the Bureau of the Fiscal Service within the Department of the.... ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Bureau of the Fiscal Service, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments...

  10. 78 FR 59425 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-26

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... Service, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov... INFORMATION CONTACT: Requests for additional information or copies should be directed to Bruce A. Sharp...

  11. 78 FR 21706 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-11

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas... INFORMATION CONTACT: Requests for additional information or copies should be directed to Bruce A. Sharp...

  12. 77 FR 60026 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-01

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas... INFORMATION CONTACT: Requests for additional information or copies should be directed to Bruce A. Sharp...

  13. 77 FR 19424 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-30

    ..., as required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A..., Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The...: Requests for additional information or copies should be directed to Bruce A. Sharp, Bureau of the Public...

  14. 77 FR 32180 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-31

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd... INFORMATION CONTACT: Requests for additional information or copies should be directed to Bruce A. Sharp...

  15. 77 FR 5090 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-01

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently the... all written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also...

  16. 77 FR 19057 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-29

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... of consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to...

  17. 77 FR 32178 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-31

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also available at www...

  18. 77 FR 43430 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-24

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also available at www...

  19. 78 FR 25535 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-01

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also available at...

  20. 78 FR 63309 - Proposed Collection: Information Collected Through Investigative Inquiry Forms

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-23

    ... U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the Bureau of the Fiscal Service within the Department of the...: Direct all written comments to Bureau of the Fiscal Service, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also...

  1. 78 FR 149 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-02

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments...

  2. 76 FR 61479 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-04

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also available at...

  3. 77 FR 13175 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-05

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also available at www.pracomment.gov...

  4. 77 FR 13176 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-05

    ... 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the Bureau of the Public Debt within the Department of the.... Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity...: Requests for additional information or copies should be directed to Bruce A. Sharp, Bureau of the Public...

  5. 78 FR 22040 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-12

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently the... Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also available at www.pracomment.gov...

  6. 77 FR 31689 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-29

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the.... Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity...: Requests for additional information or copies should be directed to Bruce A. Sharp, Bureau of the Public...

  7. 77 FR 74053 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-12

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments...

  8. 77 FR 32179 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-31

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently the.... Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity...: Requests for additional information or copies should be directed to Bruce A. Sharp, Bureau of the Public...

  9. 78 FR 25534 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-01

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also available at www.pracomment...

  10. 77 FR 65248 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-25

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments...

  11. 77 FR 19057 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-29

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also available at www...

  12. 77 FR 32181 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-31

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). Currently the... of consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to...

  13. 77 FR 43430 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-24

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... consideration. ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments...

  14. 77 FR 13175 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-05

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also available at...

  15. 77 FR 19058 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-29

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the...: Direct all written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also...

  16. 76 FR 26801 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-09

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street, Avery 4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106- 5312, or e-mail to Bruce.Sharp@bpd.treas.gov . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Requests for additional...

  17. 76 FR 26802 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-09

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the... to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street, Avery 4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106- 5312, or e-mail to Bruce.Sharp@bpd.treas.gov FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Requests for additional...

  18. 77 FR 32179 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-31

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the.... ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also...

  19. 77 FR 69547 - Proposed Collection: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-19

    ... required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A). Currently the.... ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments to Bureau of the Public Debt, Bruce A. Sharp, 200 Third Street A4-A, Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, or bruce.sharp@bpd.treas.gov . The opportunity to make comments online is also...

  20. ActiveWV: a systematic approach to developing a physical activity plan for West Virginia.

    PubMed

    Elliott, Eloise; Jones, Emily; Bulger, Sean

    2014-03-01

    Modeled after the National Physical Activity Plan (NPAP), ActiveWV 2015: The West Virginia Physical Activity Plan was developed to provide strategic direction for physical activity promotion within the state. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the systematic approach taken in developing ActiveWV. Plan development began with establishing capacity and leadership among key stakeholders representing all societal sectors. A multiphase, statewide decision-making process allowed for input across sectors and geographic regions. The process results identified five priority areas that served as the conceptual framework for ActiveWV. Sector teams, comprised of key organization stakeholders across the eight sectors, finalized the sector-specific strategies and tactics using the NPAP evidence-based recommendations, results from a formalized strategic process, and the teams' expertise and experience. ActiveWV was officially released on January 19, 2012 at the State Capitol in Charleston, West Virginia. Community events throughout the state surrounded the release and celebrated West Virginia Physical Activity Day. Ongoing implementation and dissemination efforts are underway at state and local levels. As the NPAP calls for states and communities to develop plans that meet the needs of their particular context, other states may find the lessons learned from West Virginia helpful in the development process.

  1. Efficacy of a topical application of Certifect® (fipronil 6.26% w/v, amitraz 7.48% w/v, (S)-methoprene 5.63% w/v) for the treatment of canine generalized demodicosis

    PubMed Central

    Fourie, Josephus; Dumont, Pascal; Halos, Lénaïg; Beugnet, Frederic; Pollmeier, Matthias

    2013-01-01

    The efficacy of the treatment with Certifect ® (containing fipronil 6.26% w/v, amitraz 7.48% w/v, (S)-methoprene 5.63% w/v) applied topically was assessed in 18 dogs diagnosed with clinical generalized demodicosis. Three treatment regimens were compared over a 3-month period. Starting at Day 0, dogs were treated monthly (group 1) or every two weeks (group 2) with the combination of fipronil, amitraz, and (S)-methoprene or with monthly topical applications of the combination of amitraz and metaflumizone (group 3, reference treatment). Clinical examinations including deep skin scrapings were performed every month in order to evaluate the resolution of clinical signs and the reduction in mite counts. On Day 84, the percentage reduction of mite counts in group 1 was 99.8%, whereas no Demodex canis could be detected in groups 2 and 3 (i.e. 100% parasitological efficacy). As a result of the Demodex mite count reduction, the skin condition of the dogs improved significantly in all groups. This study illustrates, that both monthly and bi-weekly treatments with Certifect were effective in treating dogs with generalized demodicosis over a 3-month period. PMID:24256940

  2. Efficacy of a topical application of Certifect® (fipronil 6.26% w/v, amitraz 7.48% w/v, (S)-methoprene 5.63% w/v) for the treatment of canine generalized demodicosis.

    PubMed

    Fourie, Josephus; Dumont, Pascal; Halos, Lénaïg; Beugnet, Frederic; Pollmeier, Matthias

    2013-01-01

    The efficacy of the treatment with Certifect ® (containing fipronil 6.26% w/v, amitraz 7.48% w/v, (S)-methoprene 5.63% w/v) applied topically was assessed in 18 dogs diagnosed with clinical generalized demodicosis. Three treatment regimens were compared over a 3-month period. Starting at Day 0, dogs were treated monthly (group 1) or every two weeks (group 2) with the combination of fipronil, amitraz, and (S)-methoprene or with monthly topical applications of the combination of amitraz and metaflumizone (group 3, reference treatment). Clinical examinations including deep skin scrapings were performed every month in order to evaluate the resolution of clinical signs and the reduction in mite counts. On Day 84, the percentage reduction of mite counts in group 1 was 99.8%, whereas no Demodex canis could be detected in groups 2 and 3 (i.e. 100% parasitological efficacy). As a result of the Demodex mite count reduction, the skin condition of the dogs improved significantly in all groups. This study illustrates, that both monthly and bi-weekly treatments with Certifect were effective in treating dogs with generalized demodicosis over a 3-month period. © J. Fourie et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2013.

  3. 31 CFR 341.10 - Reissue.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... the case of a bond registered in beneficiary form upon the owner's request on Form PD 3564. No consent..., Parkersburg, WV 26101. [28 FR 405, Jan 16, 1963, as amended at 42 FR 21611, Apr. 28, 1977; 42 FR 57123, Nov. 1...

  4. 31 CFR 341.10 - Reissue.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the case of a bond registered in beneficiary form upon the owner's request on Form PD 3564. No consent..., Parkersburg, WV 26101. [28 FR 405, Jan 16, 1963, as amended at 42 FR 21611, Apr. 28, 1977; 42 FR 57123, Nov. 1...

  5. 31 CFR 341.10 - Reissue.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... the case of a bond registered in beneficiary form upon the owner's request on Form PD 3564. No consent..., Parkersburg, WV 26101. [28 FR 405, Jan 16, 1963, as amended at 42 FR 21611, Apr. 28, 1977; 42 FR 57123, Nov. 1...

  6. Exploring Climate Science with WV Educators: A Regional Model for Teacher Professional Development

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ruberg, L. F.; Calinger, M.

    2014-12-01

    The National Research Council Framework for K-12 Science Literacy reports that children reared in rural agricultural communities, who experience regular interactions with plants and animals, develop more sophisticated understanding of ecology and biological systems than do urban and suburban children of the same age. West Virginia (WV) is a rural state. The majority of its residents live in communities of fewer than 2,500 people. Based on the features of the population being served and their unique strengths, this presentation focuses on a regional model for teacher professional development that addresses agricultural and energy vulnerabilities and adaptations to climate change in WV. The professional development model outlined shows how to guide teachers to use a problem-based learning approach to introduce climate data and analysis techniques within a scenario context that is locally meaningful. This strategy engages student interest by focusing on regional and community concerns. Climate science standards are emphasized in the Next Generation Science Standards, but WV has not provided its teachers with appropriate instructional resources to meet those standards. The authors addressed this need by offering a series of climate science education workshops followed by online webinars offered to WV science educators free of charge with funding by the West Virginia Space Grant Consortium. The authors report on findings from this series of professional development workshops conducted in partnership with the West Virginia Science Teachers Association. The goal was to enhance grades 5-12 teaching and learning about climate change through problem-based learning. Prior to offering the climate workshops, all WV science educators were asked to complete a short questionnaire. As Figure 1 shows, over 40% of the teacher respondents reported being confident in teaching climate science content. For comparison post workshops surveys measure teacher confidence in climate science

  7. 78 FR 341 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-03

    ..., Parkersburg, WV 26106-1328, (304) 480-8150. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Form Numbers and Title: PD F 5354--FHA Transaction Request; PD F 5366--FHA New Account Request; PD F 5367--FHA Debenture Transfer Request. OMB Number: 1535-0102. Abstract: The information is used to (1) Establish a book-entry account; (2) change...

  8. 76 FR 55737 - Proposed Privacy Act Systems of Records

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-08

    ... Associate Chief Human Capital Officer for Civil Rights and Diversity, Department of the Treasury, 1500... policies and practices: Associate Chief Human Capital Officer for Civil Rights and Diversity. The system.... (9) BPD: EEO Officer, 200 3rd Street, Room 102, Parkersburg, WV 26106. (10) FinCEN: Chief, Outreach...

  9. Greening America's Capitals - Charleston, WV

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This Greening America’s Capitals report outlines design concepts that could improve Slack Plaza in Charleston, WV, by creating more opportunities for local businesses, better managing stormwater runoff, and increasing green space.

  10. Efficacy of Droncit Spot-on (praziquantel) 4% w/v against immature and mature Echinococcus multilocularis in cats.

    PubMed

    Jenkins, D J; Romig, T

    2000-07-01

    The causative agent of alveolar hydatidosis in humans, the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is extending its geographical range in Europe and has been found in domestic cats in some areas. A dermally applied cestocidal treatment for domestic cats has been developed and the efficacy of this treatment is reported. Thirty purpose-bred cats were experimentally infected each with 10000 protoscoleces of Echinococcus multilocularis. Ten days later one group of ten cats was treated with Droncit(R) Spot-on (Praziquantel) 4% w/v dermally in one place on the dorsal aspect of the neck at a dose of 8 mg/kg. Eleven days later (21 days p.i.) a second group of ten cats was also treated with Droncit(R) Spot-on the same way. One group of ten cats was left untreated as controls. Twenty three days after infection the cats were examined for the presence of E. multilocularis tapeworms. No E. multilocularis were recovered from any of the cats in either of the treated groups. Echinococcus multilocularis were recovered from eight of the ten cats left untreated as controls. The worm burdens in the untreated cats were 0, 0, 5, 15, 75, 110, 220, 815, 2635, and 3045 worms per cat. The worms ranged in development from the three to four segment stage. Many of the E. multilocularis with four segments contained unshelled eggs in the terminal segment. This study indicates that Droncit(R) Spot-on (Praziquantel) 4% w/v applied dermally at 8 mg/kg is highly effective in removing E. multilocularis from the small intestine of cats infected with immature and mature (prepatent) infections of E. multilocularis. In the cats with the mature infections all tapeworms were absent from the small intestine within 2 days of treatment.

  11. WV Walks: replication with expanded reach.

    PubMed

    Reger-Nash, Bill; Bauman, Adrian; Cooper, Linda; Chey, Tien; Simon, Kenneth J; Brann, Maria; Leyden, Kevin M

    2008-01-01

    WV Walks replicated the Wheeling Walks community-wide campaign methodology to promote physical activity. A social marketing intervention promoted walking among insufficiently active 40- to 65-year-olds throughout the television media market in north-central West Virginia. The intervention included participatory planning, an 8-week mass media-based campaign, and policy and environmental activities. Pre and post random-digit-dial cohort telephone surveys were conducted at baseline and immediately postcampaign in intervention and comparison regions. The campaign resulted in maximal message awareness in north-central WV and demonstrated a significant increase in walking behavior represented by an absolute shift of 12% of the target population from insufficiently active to active (> or = 30 minutes, 5 days per week), versus the comparison community (adjusted odds ratio 1.82, CI: 1.05-3.17). Policy and environmental changes were also evident. This replication study increases our confidence that the initial effects observed in the Wheeling Walks intervention are generalizable to other similar rural communities.

  12. RadNet Air Data From Charleston, WV

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This page presents radiation air monitoring and air filter analysis data for Charleston, WV from EPA's RadNet system. RadNet is a nationwide network of monitoring stations that measure radiation in air, drinking water and precipitation.

  13. White spotting variant (Wv) mouse as an experimental model for ovarian aging and menopausal biology

    PubMed Central

    Smith, Elizabeth R.; Yeasky, Toni; Wei, Jain Qin; Miki, Roberto A.; Cai, Kathy Q.; Smedberg, Jennifer L.; Yang, Wan-Lin; Xu, Xiang-Xi

    2011-01-01

    Objective Menopause is a unique phenomenon in modern women, as most mammalian species possess a reproductive period comparable to their lifespan. Menopause is caused by the depletion of germ cell-containing ovarian follicles, and in laboratory studies is usually modeled in animals in which the ovarian function is removed by ovariectomy or chemical poisoning of the germ cells. Our objective was to explore and characterize the white spotting variant (Wv) mice that have reduced ovarian germ cell abundance, a result of a point mutation in the c-kit gene that decreases the kinase activity, as a genetic model for use in menopausal studies. Methods Physiological and morphological features associated with menopause were determined in female Wv/Wv mice compared to age-matched wildtype controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the presence and number of follicles in paraffin-embedded ovaries. Bone density and body composition were evaluated using the PIXImus X-ray densitometer, and lipids, calcium, and hormone levels were determined in serum using antigen-specific EIAs. Heart and body weight were measured, and cardiac function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. Results The ovaries of the Wv/Wv females have a greatly reduced number of normal germ cells at birth compared to wildtype mice. The remaining follicles are depleted by around 2 months, and the ovaries develop benign epithelial lesions that resemble morphological changes that occur during ovarian aging, whereas a normal mouse ovary has numerous follicles at all stages of development and retains some follicles even in advanced age. Wv mice have elevated plasma gonadotrophins and reduced estrogen and progesterone levels, a significant reduction in bone mass density, and elevated serum cholesterol and lipoprotein levels. Moreover, the Wv female mice have enlarged hearts and reduced cardiac function. Conclusions The reduction of c-kit activity in Wv mice leads to a substantially diminished

  14. 77 FR 45410 - West Virginia Disaster #WV-00028

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-31

    ... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 13154 and 13155] West Virginia Disaster WV-00028 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a Notice of the... loan applications to: U.S. Small Business Administration, Processing And Disbursement Center, 14925...

  15. 78 FR 48537 - West Virginia Disaster # WV-00033

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-08

    ... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 13681 and 13682] West Virginia Disaster WV-00033 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This is a Notice of the... INFORMATION CONTACT: A. Escobar, Office of Disaster Assistance, U.S. Small Business Administration, 409 3rd...

  16. Higher Susceptibility of Mast-Cell-Deficient W/WV Mutant Mice to Brain Thromboembolism and Mortality Caused by Intravenous Injection of India Ink

    PubMed Central

    Kitamura, Y.; Taguchi, T.; Yokoyama, M.; Inoue, M.; Yamatodani, A.; Asano, H.; Koyama, T.; Kanamaru, A.; Hatanaka, K.; Wershil, B. K.; Galli, S. J.

    1986-01-01

    of WBB6F1-+/+ mice injected with ink, and examination of their tissues in 1-μ sections, indicated that intravenous ink did not cause substantial mast cell degranulation. As a result, the possibility that mast cells protect +/+ mice from the adverse effects of intravenous ink by a mechanism other than degranulation and release of heparin, or that the differences in the response of W/WV or S1/S1d mice and their +/+ littermates are due to defects other than their lack of mast cells, cannot be excluded. ImagesFigure 2Figure 4 PMID:3513601

  17. Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure of a 2CrMoNiWV rotor steel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Cheng

    A wide range of experiments have been carried out on a 2CrMoNiWV low alloy steel to investigate the effect of various heat treatment conditions on microstructural change, alloy carbide transformation mechanism and mechanical properties.Two complete continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams were constructed for this steel on the basis of experimental dilatometry thermal analysis, metallographic examination and current phase transformation theory. The significance of these two diagrams is in that they can be directly utilised in industrial practice as a reference during heat treatment for this material. Meanwhile it was confirmed that this 2CrMoNiWV steel can be transformed to a fully bainitic microstructure over a wide range of cooling rates and this feature proved this steel suitable for large diameter steam turbine rotor application.An innovative carbide extraction technique for the XRD identification of carbide phase has been developed. The detailed description of this new technique and its advantages are discussed in this thesis. The extensive work using TEM/EDX has set up essential "finger prints" for the quick examination of large amounts of individual carbide existing at various heat treated conditions. Simultaneous measurements and determinations were made on particle composition, morphological change, the type, amount and distribution of these carbide phases. Thus the sequence of carbide transformation for this 2CrMoNiWV steel during tempering has been established.The characteristic microstructures of various heat treated specimens were carefully examined and discussed. Theoretical thermodynamic equilibria predictions were calculated using MTDATA. A very good agreement was found between experimental results and theoretical predictions on those critical transformation temperatures and a good correlation of carbide evolution sequences was obtained. Based on experimental results and theoretical predictions, the role of tungsten in promoting creep

  18. Goldstone radar images of near-Earth asteroids (469896) 2007 WV4, 2014 JO25, 2017 BQ6, and 2017 CS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Brozovic, Marina; Benner, Lance A. M.; Naidu, Shantanu P.; Giorgini, Jon D.; Busch, Michael; Jao, Joseph; Lee, Clement; Snedeker, Lawrence; Silva, Marc; Slade, Martin A.; Lawrence, Kenneth J.

    2017-10-01

    We report Goldstone delay-Doppler radar imaging of four NEAs obtained during February-June 2017. The signal-to-noise ratios were very strong for each object and we obtained detailed images with range resolutions as fine as 3.75 m/pixel. Delay-Doppler imaging revealed that 2017 BQ6 is a strikingly angular object roughly ~200 m in diameter with a rotation period of ~3 h. The multi-faceted shape is puzzling assuming a rubble-pile structure of this asteroid. 2017 CS was discovered by Pan-STARRS 1 on February 2 and approached within 8 lunar distances on May 29. 2017 CS appears rounded on large scales but has considerable fine-scale topography evident along its leading edges. The images suggest a diameter of ~1 km and rotation visible in the images is consistent with the 40 h rotation period obtained independently by from photometry by P. Pravec (pers. comm.). The highest resolution images show evidence for meter-size boulders, ridges, and broad concavities. 2007 WV4 was imaged in late May and early June. 2007 WV4 appears distinctly angular, with a diameter in the realm of 900 meters, and with at least three large facets more than 100 m in extent. Tracking of features in the images gives a rotation period of about 12 hours. The echoes show a persistent, small topographic feature that extends out from the surface. The nature of this feature is unknown, but it may be a large boulder similar to Yoshinodai seen on 25143 Itokawa. 2014 JO25 approached within 4.6 lunar distances on April 19. This was the closest encounter by an asteroid with an absolute magnitude brighter than 18 known in advance until 2027, when 1999 AN10 will approach within one lunar distance. Radar imaging shows that 2014 JO25 is an irregular object, which consists of two components connected by a narrow neck. The asteroid has a long axis of about 1 km and a short axis of roughly 600 m. The 3.75 m range resolution imaging placed thousands of pixels on the object and reveals ridges, hills, concavities, flat

  19. W-V flap: a new technique for reconstruction of female distal urethral stricture using vestibular mucosa

    PubMed Central

    Dalela, Diwakar; Gupta, Piyush; Dalela, Disha; Govil, Tuhina

    2016-01-01

    A premenopausal woman having a totally occlusive distal urethral stricture, with suprapubic catheter (SPC) in situ, was referred to us for a definitive procedure. On discussion of the treatment options, the patient refused for a buccal or vaginal flap procedure. Thus, a local W-V flap was fashioned from the periurethral vestibular mucosa with seemingly excellent results, both in terms of resolution of her symptoms and a forwardly directed stream of urine without incontinence. PMID:27170612

  20. 75 FR 42 - Establishment of Class E Airspace; Spencer, WV

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-04

    ... Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Direct final rule; confirmation of effective date. SUMMARY: This action confirms the effective date of a direct final rule published in the Federal Register that establishes Class E Airspace at Spencer, WV. This action enhances the safety and airspace management of Boggs...

  1. 77 FR 55890 - West Virginia Disaster Number WV-00028

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-11

    ... SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [Disaster Declaration 13154 and 13155] West Virginia Disaster Number WV-00028 AGENCY: U.S. Small Business Administration. ACTION: Amendment 2. SUMMARY: This is an...: Submit completed loan applications to: U.S. Small Business Administration, Processing And Disbursement...

  2. Upscaling the impact of convective overshooting (COV) through BRAMS: a continental and wet-season scale study of the water vapour (WV) budget in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL).

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Behera, Abhinna; Rivière, Emmanuel; Marécal, Virginie; Rysman, Jean-François; Claud, Chantal; Burgalat, Jérémie

    2017-04-01

    The stratospheric water vapour (WV) has a conceding impact on the radiative and chemical budget of Earth's atmosphere. The convective overshooting (COV) at the tropics is well admitted for playing a role in transporting directly WV to the stratosphere. Nonetheless, its impact on the lower stratosphere is yet to be determined at global scale, as the satellite and other air-borne measurements are not of having fine enough resolution to quantify this impact at large scale. Therefore, efforts have been made to quantify the influence of COV over the WV budget in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) through modelling. Our approach is to build two synthetic tropical wet-seasons; where one would be having only deep convection (DC) but no COV at all, and the second one would be having the COV, and in both cases the WV budget in the TTL would be estimated. Before that, a French-Brazilian TRO-pico campaign was carried out at Bauru, Brazil in order to understand the influence of COV on the WV budget in the TTL. The radio-sounding, and the small balloon-borne WV measurements from the campaign are being utilized to validate the model simulation. Brazilian version of Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) is used with a single grid system to simulate a WV variability in a wet-season. Grell's convective parameterization with ensemble closure, microphysics with double moment scheme and 7 types of hydrometeors are incorporated to simulate the WV variability for a wet-season at the tropics. The grid size of simulation is chosen to be 20 km x 20 km horizontally and from surface to 30 km altitude, so that there cannot be COV at all, only DC due to such a relatively coarse resolution. The European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analyses data are used every 6 hours for grid initialization and boundary conditions, and grid center nudging. The simulation is carried out for a full wet-season (Nov 2012 - Mar 2013) at Brazilian scale, so that it would

  3. 76 FR 80230 - Amendment of Class E Airspace; Huntington, WV

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-23

    ... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 71 [Docket No. FAA-2011-1057; Airspace Docket No. 11-AEA-21] Amendment of Class E Airspace; Huntington, WV AGENCY: Federal...) Docket No. FAA-2011-1057. Interested parties were invited to participate in this rulemaking effort by...

  4. Improvement of anemia in W/WV mice by recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) mediated through EPO receptors with lowered affinity.

    PubMed

    Kabaya, K; Akiyama, H; Nishi, N; Misaizu, T; Okada, Y; Kawagishi, M; Amano, K; Kusaka, M; Seki, M; Uzumaki, H

    1995-01-01

    We studied the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on anemic W/WV mice which manifested severe anemia accompanied by mutation of the W gene encoding tyrosine kinase type receptor (c-kit gene) of bone marrow hematopoietic cells. Nine-week-old male W/WV mice or normal littermates (+/+) were used. Since serum EPO concentration in W/WV mice increased in proportion to severity of anemia, EPO production in the kidneys of these animals was found to be regulated normally. Hematocrit in +/+ mice increased and a maximal response was also obtained with 2,000 IU/kg of rHuEPO. On the other hand, hematocrit in W/WV mice increased in a dose-responsive manner by administration with 2,000 and 10,000 IU/kg, showing different responses to rHuEPO in these two types of mice. The responsiveness of W/WV mice to rHuEPO was low in terms of increases in erythroblastic precursor cells (CFU-E), and immature cells in the bone marrow. Scatchard analysis of the specific binding of 125I-rHuEPO against bone marrow cells revealed that the different responsiveness to rHuEPO between W/WV and +/+ mice may be correlated with differences in affinity of EPO receptor of bone marrow cells in these mice. From these results, a high dose of rHuEPO is capable of improving the anemia in W/WV mice that had EPO receptors with lowered affinity, indicating the possible effectiveness of rHuEPO in anemic patients with EPO receptor abnormality.

  5. Inflammation induced by mast cell deficiency rather than the loss of interstitial cells of Cajal causes smooth muscle dysfunction in W/Wv mice

    PubMed Central

    Winston, John H.; Chen, Jinghong; Shi, Xuan-Zheng; Sarna, Sushil K.

    2014-01-01

    The initial hypothesis suggested that the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) played an essential role in mediating enteric neuronal input to smooth muscle cells. Much information for this hypothesis came from studies in W/Wv mice lacking ICC. However, mast cells, which play critical roles in regulating inflammation in their microenvironment, are also absent in W/Wv mice. We tested the hypothesis that the depletion of mast cells in W/Wv mice generates inflammation in fundus muscularis externa (ME) that impairs smooth muscle reactivity to Ach, independent of the depletion of ICC. We performed experiments on the fundus ME from wild type (WT) and W/Wv mice before and after reconstitution of mast cells by bone marrow transplant. We found that mast cell deficiency in W/Wv mice significantly increased COX-2 and iNOS expression and decreased smooth muscle reactivity to Ach. Mast cell reconstitution or concurrent blockade of COX-2 and iNOS restored smooth muscle contractility without affecting the suppression of c-kit in W/Wv mice. The expression of nNOS and ChAT were suppressed in W/Wv mice; mast cell reconstitution did not restore them. We conclude that innate inflammation induced by mast cell deficiency in W/Wv mice impairs smooth muscle contractility independent of ICC deficiency. The impairment of smooth muscle contractility and the suppression of the enzymes regulating the synthesis of Ach and NO in W/Wv mice need to be considered in evaluating the role of ICC in regulating smooth muscle and enteric neuronal function in W/Wv mice. PMID:24550836

  6. 75 FR 65251 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Charleston, WV

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-22

    ...; Airspace Docket No. 10-AEA-24) and be submitted in triplicate to the Docket Management System (see... action proposes to modify Class E Airspace at Charleston, WV, to accommodate the additional airspace needed for the holding pattern associated with the new Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs...

  7. Existence of c-Kit negative cells with ultrastructural features of interstitial cells of Cajal in the subserosal layer of the W/Wv mutant mouse colon

    PubMed Central

    Tamada, Hiromi; Kiyama, Hiroshi

    2015-01-01

    Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are mesenchymal cells that are distributed along the gastrointestinal tract and function as pacemaker cells or intermediary cells between nerves and smooth muscle cells. ICC express a receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit, which is an established marker for ICC. The c-kit gene is allelic with the murine white-spotting locus (W), and some ICC subsets were reported to be missing in heterozygous mutant W/Wv mice carrying W and Wv mutated alleles. In this study, the characterization of interstitial cells in the subserosal layer of W/Wv mice was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. In the proximal and distal colon of W/Wv mutant mice, no c-Kit-positive cells were detected in the subserosal layer by immunohistochemistry. By electron microscopy, the interstitial cells, which were characterized by the existence of caveolae, abundant mitochondria and gap junctions, were observed in the W/Wv mutant colon. The morphological characteristics were comparable to those of the multipolar c-Kit positive ICC seen in the subserosa of proximal and distal colon of wild-type mice. Fibroblasts were also located in the same layers, but the morphology of the fibroblasts was distinguishable from that of ICC in wild type mice or of ICC-like cells in W/Wv mutant mice. Collectively, it is concluded that c-Kit-negative interstitial cells showing a typical ICC ultrastructure exist in the proximal and distal colon of W/Wv mutant mice. PMID:26727725

  8. Existence of c-Kit negative cells with ultrastructural features of interstitial cells of Cajal in the subserosal layer of the W/Wv mutant mouse colon.

    PubMed

    Tamada, Hiromi; Kiyama, Hiroshi

    2015-01-01

    Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are mesenchymal cells that are distributed along the gastrointestinal tract and function as pacemaker cells or intermediary cells between nerves and smooth muscle cells. ICC express a receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit, which is an established marker for ICC. The c-kit gene is allelic with the murine white-spotting locus (W), and some ICC subsets were reported to be missing in heterozygous mutant W/Wv mice carrying W and Wv mutated alleles. In this study, the characterization of interstitial cells in the subserosal layer of W/Wv mice was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. In the proximal and distal colon of W/Wv mutant mice, no c-Kit-positive cells were detected in the subserosal layer by immunohistochemistry. By electron microscopy, the interstitial cells, which were characterized by the existence of caveolae, abundant mitochondria and gap junctions, were observed in the W/Wv mutant colon.The morphological characteristics were comparable to those of the multipolar c-Kit positive ICC seen in the subserosa of proximal and distal colon of wild-type mice. Fibroblasts were also located in the same layers,but the morphology of the fibroblasts was distinguishable from that of ICC in wild type mice or of ICC-like cells in W/Wv mutant mice. Collectively, it is concluded that c-Kit-negative interstitial cells showing a typical ICC ultrastructure exist in the proximal and distal colon of W/Wv mutant mice.

  9. 77 FR 33491 - American Woodmark Corporation, Moorefield, WV; Notice of Affirmative Determination Regarding...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-06

    ... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-81,287] American Woodmark Corporation, Moorefield, WV; Notice of Affirmative Determination Regarding Application for Reconsideration By... sufficient weight to justify reconsideration of the U.S. Department of Labor's prior decision. The...

  10. 76 FR 7584 - Matthews International Corporation, Bronze Division, Kingwood, WV; Notice of Affirmative...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-10

    ... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-72,953] Matthews International Corporation, Bronze Division, Kingwood, WV; Notice of Affirmative Determination Regarding Application for.... Conclusion After careful review of the application, I conclude that the claim is of sufficient weight to...

  11. Long-term monoclonal reconstitution of erythropoiesis in genetically anemic W/Wv mice by injection of 5-fluorouracil-treated bone marrow cells of Pgk-1b/Pgk-1a mice

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nakano, T.; Waki, N.; Asai, H.

    The spleen colony-forming assay does not represent the number of hematopoietic stem cells with extensive self-maintaining capacity because five to 50 spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) are necessary to rescue a genetically anemic (WB X C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv(WBB6F1-W/Wv) mouse. We investigated which is more important for the reconstitution of erythropoiesis, the transplantation of multiple CFU-S or that of a single stem cell with extensive self-maintaining potential. The electrophoretic pattern of hemoglobin was used as a marker of reconstitution and that of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), an X chromosome-linked enzyme, as a tool for estimating the number of stem cells. For this purpose, we developedmore » the C57BL/6 congeneic strain with the Pgk-1a gene. Bone marrow cells were harvested after injection of 5-fluorouracil from C57BL/6-Pgk-1b/Pgk-1a female mice in which each stem cell had either A-type PGK or B-type PGK due to the random inactivation of one or two X chromosomes. When a relatively small number of bone marrow cells (ie, 10(3) or 3 X 10(3) were injected into 200-rad-irradiated WBB6F1-W/Wv mice, the hemoglobin pattern changed from the recipient type (Hbbd/Hbbs) to the donor type (Hbbs/Hbbs) in seven of 150 mice for at least 8 weeks. Erythrocytes of all these WBB6F1-W/Wv mice showed either A-type PGK alone or B-type PGK alone during the time of reconstitution, which suggests that a single stem cell with extensive self-maintaining potential may sustain the whole erythropoiesis of a mouse for at least 8 weeks.« less

  12. 78 FR 72880 - Adequacy Status of the West Virginia Portion of the Steubenville-Weirton, WV-OH Nonattainment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-04

    ...In this notice, EPA is notifying the public that we have made insignificance findings through the transportation conformity adequacy process, under the Clean Air Act (CAA), for directly emitted fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) in the West Virginia portion of the Steubenville- Weirton, WV-OH 1997 PM2.5 national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) nonattainment area. West Virginia submitted the insignificance findings with the redesignation request and maintenance plan submittal on April 13, 2012. As a result of EPA's findings, the West Virginia portion of the Steubenville-Weirton, WV-OH nonattainment area is no longer required to perform a regional emissions analysis for directly emitted PM2.5, or NOx, as part of future PM2.5 conformity determinations for the 1997 annual PM2.5 air quality standard.

  13. 78 FR 72881 - Adequacy Status of the West Virginia Portion of the Steubenville-Weirton, WV-OH Nonattainment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-04

    ...In this notice, EPA is notifying the public that we have made insignificance findings through the transportation conformity adequacy process, under the Clean Air Act (CAA), for directly emitted fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) in the West Virginia portion of the Steubenville- Weirton, WV-OH 2006 PM2.5 national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) nonattainment area. West Virginia submitted the insignificance findings with the redesignation request and maintenance plan submittal on June 8, 2012. As a result of EPA's findings, the West Virginia portion of the Steubenville-Weirton, WV-OH nonattainment area is no longer required to perform a regional emissions analysis for directly emitted PM2.5, or NOX, as part of future PM2.5 conformity determinations for the 2006 daily PM2.5 air quality standard.

  14. Goldstone radar imaging of near-Earth asteroids (469896) 2007 WV4, 2014 JO25, 2017 BQ6, and 2017 CS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Naidu, S.; Benner, L.; Brozovic, M.; Giorgini, J. D.; Busch, M.; Jao, J. S.; Lee, C. G.; Snedeker, L. G.; Silva, M. A.; Slade, M. A.; Lawrence, K. J.

    2017-12-01

    We present Goldstone radar imaging of four near-Earth asteroids during Feb-Jun 2017. The signal-to-noise ratios were very strong for each object and we obtained detailed images with range resolutions as fine as 3.75 m/pixel. 2017 BQ6 was discovered on Jan 26 and approached Earth within 6.5 lunar distances on Feb 7. Radar images show that it is a strikingly angular object roughly 200 m in diameter with a rotation period of 3 h. Its multi-faceted shape challenges the expectation that it is a rubble pile. 2017 CS was discovered on Feb 2 and approached within 8 lunar distances on May 29. It appears rounded on large scales but has considerable fine-scale topography evident along its leading edges. The images suggest a diameter of 1 km and a spin period consistent with the 40 h period obtained from photometry by P. Pravec (pers. comm.). The highest resolution images show evidence for meter-size boulders, ridges, and broad concavities. 2007 WV4 was imaged in late May and early June, has a diameter of 900 meters, and appears distinctly angular with at least three large facets > 100 m in extent. Tracking of features in the images gives a rotation period of about 12 hours. 2014 JO25 approached within 4.6 lunar distances on April 19. This was the closest encounter by an asteroid with an absolute magnitude brighter than 18 known in advance until 2027, when 1999 AN10 will approach within one lunar distance. Radar imaging shows that 2014 JO25 is an irregular object, consisting of two components connected by a narrow neck. The asteroid has pole on dimensions of roughly 1 x 0.6 km in the images. Imaging with 3.75 m/pixel resolution places thousands of pixels on the object and reveals ridges, concavities, flat regions up to 200 meters long, and radar-bright spots suggestive of boulders. Tracking of features in the images yields a rotation period of about 4.5 hours that is among the fastest of the 50 known contact binaries in the near-Earth population.

  15. 4. Photo copy of photograph, (original in Forest Service Office, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    4. Photo copy of photograph, (original in Forest Service Office, Elkins, WV, photo #302582, 'Insect/disease control'), D. A. Oliver, May 1935. VIEW NORTHEAST. - Parsons Nursery, Packing Building, South side of U.S. Route 219, Parsons, Tucker County, WV

  16. 4. Photo copy of photograph, (original in Forest Service Office, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    4. Photo copy of photograph, (original in Forest Service Office, Elkins, WV, photo #298180, 'seed extracting equipment'), D. A. Oliver, 1934. LOWER FLOOR, LOOKING WEST, SEED EXTRACTOR. - Parsons Nursery, Seed Extractor Building, South side of U.S. Route 219, Parsons, Tucker County, WV

  17. Increasing Institutional Effectiveness: A Continuous Effort after Accreditation.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chen, HongYu

    West Virginia University at Parkersburg (WVUP) is a separately accredited campus of the University offering 2 baccalaureate, 10 associate, and 2 certificate programs. In response to concerns raised in a recent accreditation report, WVUP conducted a study examining student attitudes toward facilities, course scheduling, student advising,…

  18. N2O and CH4 emissions from N-fertilized rice paddy soil can be mitigated by wood vinegar application at an appropriate rate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sun, Haijun; Feng, Yanfang; Ji, Yang; Shi, Weiming; Yang, Linzhang; Xing, Baoshan

    2018-07-01

    To understand the impacts of wood vinegar (WV), a by-product of biochar production, on N2O and CH4 emissions and their total global warming potential (GWPt) from N-fertilized rice paddy soil, a soil column experiment was conducted using three treatments: 240 kg urea-N ha-1 accompanied with 0, 5, and 10 t WV ha-1, respectively. Results showed that N2O and CH4 emission flux patterns were dominated by water regime of rice growth cycle, which was independent with WV application. The total N2O, CH4 emission loads and GWPt over rice season of three N received treatments were 6.41-8.85 kg ha-1, 127.7-405.0 kg ha-1, and 5.24-12.03 t CO2-e ha-1, respectively. Rice seasonal N2O and CH4 emissions were synchronously mitigated by 22.4% and 36.4%, respectively, when WV was applied at 5 t ha-1. Consequently, 5 t ha-1 WV treatment reduced 31.5% of GWPt compared with the urea treatment. In addition, 10 t ha-1 WV treatment exerted a more positive effect on suppressing N2O with 27.6% reduction. However, it increased GWPt by 57.2% because its CH4 emission load was increased by 101.8%. In conclusion, WV amendment applied at an appropriate rate (5 t ha-1) or combination with other CH4 control technologies were suggested to reduce both N2O and CH4 emissions and thereby the GWPt in N-fertilized rice paddy soil.

  19. Quantifying Libya-4 Surface Reflectance Heterogeneity With WorldView-1, 2 and EO-1 Hyperion

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Neigh, Christopher S. R.; McCorkel, Joel; Middleton, Elizabeth M.

    2015-01-01

    The land surface imaging (LSI) virtual constellation approach promotes the concept of increasing Earth observations from multiple but disparate satellites. We evaluated this through spectral and spatial domains, by comparing surface reflectance from 30-m Hyperion and 2-m resolution WorldView-2 (WV-2) data in the Libya-4 pseudoinvariant calibration site. We convolved and resampled Hyperion to WV-2 bands using both cubic convolution and nearest neighbor (NN) interpolation. Additionally, WV-2 and WV-1 same-date imagery were processed as a cross-track stereo pair to generate a digital terrain model to evaluate the effects from large (>70 m) linear dunes. Agreement was moderate to low on dune peaks between WV-2 and Hyperion (R2 <; 0.4) but higher in areas of lower elevation and slope (R2 > 0.6). Our results provide a satellite sensor intercomparison protocol for an LSI virtual constellation at high spatial resolution, which should start with geolocation of pixels, followed by NN interpolation to avoid tall dunes that enhance surface reflectance differences across this internationally utilized site.

  20. Safety on a Rural Community College Campus via Integrated Communications

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gnage, Marie Foster; Dziagwa, Connie; White, Dave

    2009-01-01

    West Virginia University at Parkersburg uses a two-way emergency system as a baseline for emergency communications. The college has found that such a system, a key component of its safety and crisis management plan, can be integrated with other communication initiatives to provide focused security on the campus.

  1. Optimization of γ-amino butyric acid production in a newly isolated Lactobacillus brevis.

    PubMed

    Binh, Tran Thi Thanh; Ju, Wan-Taek; Jung, Woo-Jin; Park, Ro-Dong

    2014-01-01

    An isolate from kimchi, identified as Lactobacillus brevis, accumulated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, in the culture medium. Optimal culture conditions for growth of L. brevis and production of GABA were 6 % (w/v) l-glutamic acid, 4 % (w/v) maltose, 2 % (w/v) yeast extract, 1 % (w/v) NaCl, 1 % (w/v) CaCl2, 2 g Tween 80/l, and 0.02 mM pyridoxal 5′-phosphate at initial pH 5.25 and 37 °C. GABA reached 44.4 g/l after 72 h cultivation with a conversion rate 99.7 %, based on the amount (6 %) of l-glutamic acid added. GABA was purified using ion exchange column chromatography with 70 % recovery and 97 % purity.

  2. The Effect of an Ultrasound Radiation on the Synthesis of 4A Zeolite from Fly Ash

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Susanto, H.; Imani, N. A. C.; Aslamiyah, N. R.; Istirokhatun, T.; Robbani, M. H.

    2018-05-01

    The use of coal as a fuel source generates a lot of solid waste fly ash. Thus, efforts to reduce or utilize the amount of fly ash are urgently needed. This paper presents zeolite synthesis from fly ash. The fly ash was activated by using NaOH solution prior to fusing process with a weight ratio of 1:2 and mixing with distilled water at a weight ratio of 1:5. Thereafter, the addition of alumina with a concentration of 0.71 %, 1.42 %, 2.12 %, and 2.8 % w/v was performed. The effects of heating and ultrasound radiation on the characteristic of zeolite products were investigated. The results showed that the addition of alumina 2.8 % w/v resulted in the Si/Al ratio of zeolite 4A is ∼1. SEM images demonstrated that the presence of ultrasound wave resulted in crystals structure morphology as also supported by XRD characterization. The average crystal size for the ultrasonic treatment was 42.46 nm.

  3. A systematic evaluation of solubility enhancing excipients to enable the generation of permeability data for poorly soluble compounds in Caco-2 model.

    PubMed

    Shah, Devang; Paruchury, Sundeep; Matta, Muralikrishna; Chowan, Gajendra; Subramanian, Murali; Saxena, Ajay; Soars, Matthew G; Herbst, John; Haskell, Roy; Marathe, Punit; Mandlekar, Sandhya

    2014-01-01

    The study presented here identified and utilized a panel of solubility enhancing excipients to enable the generation of flux data in the Human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) system for compounds with poor solubility. Solubility enhancing excipients Dimethyl acetamide (DMA) 1 % v/v, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 1% v/v, povidone 1% w/v, poloxamer 188 2.5% w/v and bovine serum albumin (BSA) 4% w/v did not compromise Caco-2 monolayer integrity as assessed by trans-epithelial resistance measurement (TEER) and Lucifer yellow (LY) permeation. Further, these excipients did not affect P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated bidirectional transport of digoxin, permeabilities of high (propranolol) or low permeability (atenolol) compounds, and were found to be inert to Breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) mediated transport of cladribine. This approach was validated further using poorly soluble tool compounds, atazanavir (poloxamer 188 2.5% w/v) and cyclosporine A (BSA 4% w/v) and also applied to new chemical entity (NCE) BMS-A in BSA 4% w/v, for which Caco-2 data could not be generated using the traditional methodology due to poor solubility (<1 µM) in conventional Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS). Poloxamer 188 2.5% w/v increased solubility of atazanavir by >8 fold whereas BSA 4% w/v increased the solubility of cyclosporine A and BMS-A by >2-4 fold thereby enabling permeability as well as efflux liability estimation in the Caco-2 model with reasonable recovery values. To conclude, addition of excipients such as poloxamer 188 2.5% w/v and BSA 4% w/v to HBSS leads to a significant improvement in the solubility of the poorly soluble compounds resulting in enhanced recoveries without modulating transporter-mediated efflux, expanding the applicability of Caco-2 assays to poorly soluble compounds.

  4. Efficacy of Barium-Based Fecal Tagging for CT Colonography: a Comparison between the Use of High and Low Density Barium Suspensions in a Korean Population - a Preliminary Study

    PubMed Central

    Kim, Min Ju; Lee, Seung Soo; Byeon, Jeong-Sik; Choi, Eugene K.; Kim, Jung Hoon; Kim, Yeoung Nam; Kim, Ah Young; Ha, Hyun Kwon

    2009-01-01

    Objective This preliminarily study was designed to determine and to compare the efficacy of two commercially available barium-based fecal tagging agents for CT colonography (CTC) (high-density [40% w/v] and low-density [4.6% w/v] barium suspensions) in a population in Korea. Materials and Methods In a population with an identified with an average-risk for colorectal cancer, 15 adults were administered three doses of 20 ml 40% w/v barium for fecal tagging (group I) and 15 adults were administered three doses of 200 ml 4.6% w/v barium (group II) for fecal tagging. Excluding five patients in group I and one patient in group II that left the study, ten patients in group I and 14 patients in group II were finally included in the analysis. Two experienced readers evaluated the CTC images in consensus regarding the degree of tagging of stool pieces 6 mm or larger. Stool pieces were confirmed with the use of standardized CTC criteria or the absence of matched lesions as seen on colonoscopy. The rates of complete fecal tagging were analyzed on a per-lesion and a per-segment basis and were compared between the patients in the two groups. Results Per-lesion rates of complete fecal tagging were 52% (22 of 42; 95% CI, 37.7-66.6%) in group I and 78% (28 of 36; 95% CI, 61.7-88.5%) in group II. The difference between the two groups did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.285). The per-segment rates of complete tagging were 33% (6 of 18; 95% CI, 16.1%-56.4%) in group I and 60% (9 of 15; 95% CI, 35.7%-80.3%) in group II; again, the difference between the two groups did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.171). Conclusion Barium-based fecal tagging using both the 40% w/v and the 4.6% w/v barium suspensions showed moderate tagging efficacy. The preliminary comparison did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the tagging efficacy between the use of the two tagging agents, despite the tendency toward better tagging with the use of the 4.6% w/v barium

  5. Optimization of trehalose production by a novel strain Brevibacterium sp. SY361.

    PubMed

    Wang, Lei; Huang, Rui; Gu, Guanbin; Fang, Hongying

    2008-10-01

    Trehalose production by a novel strain of Brevibacterium sp. SY361 was optimized in submerged fermentation. Different chemical and physical parameters such as carbon and nitrogen sources, inoculum level, initial pH, incubation temperature, aeration and time-course of fermentation, were studied in order to increase trehalose productivity. An optimal production medium containing 3% (w/v) glucose, 0.9% (v/v) corn steep liquor, 0.5% (w/v) KH(2)PO(4) and 0.4% (w/v) MgSO(4).7 H(2)O was found suitable for trehalose production. An optimal volume of medium in a 500 ml flask was 80 ml. The optimal levels of other parameters were 4.0% (v/v) of inoculum, initial pH of 6.0, incubation temperature of 28-32 degrees C and time-course of 60 h. Optimized parameters gave a maximum trehalose of 12.2 mg/ml with a conversion rate of 58.4%. (c) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  6. The 4-H Club Meeting: An Essential Youth Development Strategy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cassels, Alicia; Post, Liz; Nestor, Patrick I.

    2015-01-01

    The club meeting has served as a key delivery method for 4-H programming across the United States throughout its history. A survey of WV 4-H community club members reinforces the body of evidence that the 4-H club meeting is an effective vehicle for delivering positive youth learning opportunities within the umbrella of the Essential Elements of…

  7. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in human liver microsomes, characterization of enzyme kinetics in the presence of bovine serum albumin (0.1 and 1.0% w/v) and in vitro - in vivo extrapolation of hepatic clearance.

    PubMed

    Palacharla, Raghava Choudary; Uthukam, Venkatesham; Manoharan, Arunkumar; Ponnamaneni, Ranjith Kumar; Padala, Nagasurya Prakash; Boggavarapu, Rajesh Kumar; Bhyrapuneni, Gopinadh; Ajjala, Devender Reddy; Nirogi, Ramakrishna

    2017-04-01

    The objective of the study was to determine the effect of fatty acids on CYP enzymes and the effect of BSA on intrinsic clearance of probe substrates. The inhibitory effect of thirteen fatty acids including saturated, mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on CYP enzymes, kinetic parameters and intrinsic clearance values of nine CYP marker probe substrate reactions in the absence and presence of BSA (0.1 and 1.0% w/v) were characterized in human liver microsomes. The results demonstrate that most of the unsaturated fatty acids showed marked inhibition towards CYP2C8 mediated amodiaquine N-deethylation followed by inhibition of CYP2C9 and CYP2B6 mediated activities. The addition of 0.1% BSA in the incubation markedly improved the unbound intrinsic clearance values of probe substrates by reducing the K m values with little or no effect on maximal velocity. The addition of BSA (0.1 and 1.0% w/v) did not influence the unbound intrinsic clearance of marker reactions for CYP2A6, and CYP3A4 enzymes. The addition of 0.1% w/v BSA is sufficient to determine the intrinsic clearance of marker probe reactions by metabolite formation approach. The predicted hepatic clearance values for the substrates using the well-stirred model, in the presence of BSA (0.1% BSA), are comparable to the in vivo hepatic clearance values. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. 30 CFR 22.4 - Application procedures and requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia, WV 26059, together with the...) Identification of components or features of the product that are critical to the safety of the product; and (4...

  9. 30 CFR 22.4 - Application procedures and requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia, WV 26059, together with the...) Identification of components or features of the product that are critical to the safety of the product; and (4...

  10. 30 CFR 22.4 - Application procedures and requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia, WV 26059, together with the...) Identification of components or features of the product that are critical to the safety of the product; and (4...

  11. 30 CFR 22.4 - Application procedures and requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia, WV 26059, together with the...) Identification of components or features of the product that are critical to the safety of the product; and (4...

  12. 4. Photocopied August 1975 from The Evolution of Modern Band ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    4. Photocopied August 1975 from The Evolution of Modern Band Saw Mills for Sawing Logs, Dewitt Clinton Prescott, 1910. THREE-BLOCK LOG CARRIAGE. *NOTE* 4'x 5' NEGATIVE - Meadow River Lumber Company, Highway 60, Rainelle, Greenbrier County, WV

  13. Expression of alpha and beta subunit isoforms of Na,K-ATPase in the mouse inner ear and changes with mutations at the Wv or Sld loci.

    PubMed

    Schulte, B A; Steel, K P

    1994-07-01

    Mice homozygous for mutations at the viable dominant spotting (Wv) and Steel-dickie (Sld) loci exhibit a similar phenotype which includes deafness. The auditory dysfunction derives from failure of the stria vascularis to develop normally and to generate a high positive endocochlear potential (EP). Because strial function is driven by Na,K-ATPase its expression was investigated in inner ears of Wv/Wv and Sld/Sld mice and their wild-type littermates by immunostaining with antisera against four of the enzyme's subunit isoforms. Wild-type mice from two different genetic backgrounds showed an identical distribution of subunit isoforms among inner ear transport cells. Several epithelial cell types coexpressed the alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits. Vestibular dark cells showed no reactivity for beta 1 but expressed abundant beta 2, whereas, strial marginal cells stained strongly for both beta isoforms. The only qualitative difference between mutant and wild-type mice was the absence of beta 1 subunit in marginal cells of the mutant's stria. However, it is unlikely that this difference accounts for failure of mutants to generate a high EP because the beta 1 subunit is not present in the stria vascularis of either rats or gerbils with normal EP values. Strong immunostaining for Na,K-ATPase in lateral wall fibrocytes of normal mice along with diminished immunoreactivity in the mutants supports the concept that these strategically located transport fibrocytes actively resorb K+ leaked across Reissner's membrane into scala vestibuli or effluxed from hair cells and nerves into scala tympani. It is further speculated that the resorbed K+ normally is siphoned down its concentration gradient into the intrastrial space through gap junctions between fibrocytes and strial basal and intermediate cells where it is recycled back to endolymph via marginal cells. Thus, failure of mutants to generate a positive EP could be explained by the absence of intermediate cells which may form the final

  14. 4. EASTBOUND VIEW. NORTH TRACK WAITING STATION ON LEFT. STATION ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    4. EASTBOUND VIEW. NORTH TRACK WAITING STATION ON LEFT. STATION ON RIGHT. NOTE TUNNEL IN BACKGROUND. - Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Harpers Ferry Station, Potomac Street, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

  15. 4. NORTH ELEVATION OF POWER PLANT LOOKING SOUTH SOUTHWEST. ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    4. NORTH ELEVATION OF POWER PLANT LOOKING SOUTH SOUTHWEST. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

  16. 30 CFR 19.4 - Conditions governing investigations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Section 19.4 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR TESTING.... This material should be sent prepaid to the U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia, WV 26059. (b) When this...

  17. Comparative one-factor-at-a-time, response surface (statistical) and bench-scale bioreactor level optimization of thermoalkaline protease production from a psychrotrophic Pseudomonas putida SKG-1 isolate.

    PubMed

    Singh, Santosh K; Singh, Sanjay K; Tripathi, Vinayak R; Khare, Sunil K; Garg, Satyendra K

    2011-12-28

    Production of alkaline protease from various bacterial strains using statistical methods is customary now-a-days. The present work is first attempt for the production optimization of a solvent stable thermoalkaline protease by a psychrotrophic Pseudomonas putida isolate using conventional, response surface methods, and fermentor level optimization. The pre-screening medium amended with optimized (w/v) 1.0% glucose, 2.0% gelatin and 0.5% yeast extract, produced 278 U protease ml(-1) at 72 h incubation. Enzyme production increased to 431 Uml(-1) when Mg2+ (0.01%, w/v) was supplemented. Optimization of physical factors further enhanced protease to 514 Uml(-1) at pH 9.0, 25°C and 200 rpm within 60 h. The combined effect of conventionally optimized variables (glucose, yeast extract, MgSO4 and pH), thereafter predicted by response surface methodology yielded 617 U protease ml(-1) at glucose 1.25% (w/v), yeast extract 0.5% (w/v), MgSO4 0.01% (w/v) and pH 8.8. Bench-scale bioreactor level optimization resulted in enhanced production of 882 U protease ml(-1) at 0.8 vvm aeration and 150 rpm agitation during only 48 h incubation. The optimization of fermentation variables using conventional, statistical approaches and aeration/agitation at fermentor level resulted in ~13.5 folds increase (882 Uml(-1)) in protease production compared to un-optimized conditions (65 Uml(-1)). This is the highest level of thermoalkaline protease reported so far by any psychrotrophic bacterium.

  18. 4. Credit PEM. Interior of Martinsburg Plant; on right showing ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    4. Credit PEM. Interior of Martinsburg Plant; on right showing Taylor 150 hp steam engine belt-connected to a Warren 150 KW, 2200 Volt a.c. generator. On left, a Fisher 400 hp steam engine belt-connected to a Warren 200 KW, 2200 Volt a.c. generator. In center, also belt-connected to Fisher 400 hp engine is a Bail 120 light, arc-light generator. Photo c. 1905. - Dam No. 4 Hydroelectric Plant, Potomac River, Martinsburg, Berkeley County, WV

  19. 5. Double crib barn, main floor, 4th room from northeast, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    5. Double crib barn, main floor, 4th room from northeast, southeast and southwest walls - Wilkins Farm, Barn, South side of Dove Hollow Road, 6000 feet east of State Route 259, Lost City, Hardy County, WV

  20. In vitro efficacy of a honey-based gel against canine clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Malassezia pachydermatis.

    PubMed

    Oliveira, Ana M P; Devesa, Joana S P; Hill, Peter B

    2018-03-22

    Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Malassezia pachydermatis are important agents in canine pyoderma and otitis. Determine the in vitro efficacy of a honey-based gel (HBO) against meticillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP), meticillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and M. pachydermatis, by minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and time-kill assay (TKA). Efficacy of the product's honey component (HO) also was evaluated. Sixty S. pseudintermedius and 10 M. pachydermatis canine isolates were selected. All isolates were tested against serial dilutions of an HBO containing 40% HO (40%, 20%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% w/v) and HO alone (undiluted, 40%, 20%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% w/v). Microbroth assay followed by subculture was used to determine MBC and MFC. The same protocol was applied after product exposure to catalase. A well-diffusion assay for S. pseudintermedius was used to generate inhibition zones. A TKA for 10 isolates of S. pseudintermedius and 10 isolates of M. pachydermatis was performed. MBC was 20% w/v (5-20% w/v) for HBO and HO. HBO had lower MBC values when compared to HO (P = 0.003). No statistical difference was observed between MSSP/MRSP isolates (HBO P = 0.757, HO P = 0.743). Only HO was affected by catalase (P = 0.015). MFC for HBO was 10% w/v (5-10% w/v) and 40% w/v for HO (20-≥40% w/v). All isolates were killed after 4 h of exposure. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and M. pachydermatis are susceptible to the HBO and these results can be used for future clinical trials. © 2018 ESVD and ACVD.

  1. Alginate-perlite encapsulated Pseudomonas putida A (ATCC 12633) cells: Preparation, characterization and potential use as plant inoculants.

    PubMed

    Liffourrena, Andrés S; Lucchesi, Gloria I

    2018-04-30

    Microbial immobilization can be used to prepare encapsulated inoculants. Here, we characterize and describe the preparation of Ca-alginate-perlite microbeads loaded with cells of plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas putida A (ATCC 12633), for their future application as agricultural inoculants. The microbeads were prepared by dropwise addition of a CaCl 2 -paraffin emulsion mixture to an emulsion containing alginate 2% (w/v), perlite 0.1-0.4% (w/v) and bacterial suspension in 0.9% NaCl (10 10  CFU/mL). For all perlite concentrations used, microbead size was 90-120 μm, the trapped population was 10 8  CFU/g microbeads and the increase in mechanical stability was proportional to perlite concentration. Microbeads containing 0.4% (w/v) perlite were able to release bacteria into the medium after 30 days of incubation. When we evaluated how P. putida A (ATCC 12633) entrapped in Ca-alginate-perlite (0.4% (w/v)) microbeads colonized the Arabidopsis thaliana rhizosphere, an increase in colonization over time was detected (from an initial 2.1 × 10 4 to 9.2 × 10 5  CFU/g soil after 21 days). With this treatment, growth promotion of A. thaliana occurred with an increase in the amount of proteins, and in root and leaf biomass. It was concluded that the microbeads could be applied as possible inoculants, since they provide protection and a controlled release of microorganisms into the rhizosphere. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  2. High-resolution mapping of D16Led-1, Gart, Gas-r, Cbr, Pcp-4, and Erg on distal mouse chromosome 16

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mjaatvedt, A.E.; Citron, M.P.; Reeves, R.H.

    1993-08-01

    More than 500 backcross progeny from four inter-subspecific backcrosses were typed for six markers on distal mouse chromosome 16. Five of these represented genes that mapped within the Sod-1 to Ets-2 interval, which was shown previously to contain the weaver (wv) gene. The map order, including previously mapped reference markers, is (cen)-D16H21S16-D16Led-1-App-Sod-1-Gart-Gas-4-Cbr-wv-Pep-4-Erg-Ets-2. This gene order recapitulates the order of the genes on human chromosome 21 where known. Two of these markers further define the region containing the weaver gene to a 3.9-cM segment between Cbr and Pcp-4. In addition, Pep-4 was localized to human chromosome 21 by the presence ofmore » a human-specific restriction fragment in WAV-17, a mouse-human somatic cell hybrid with human chromosome 31 as the only human contribution. 26 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.« less

  3. Production of large numbers of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against rat IgE using mast cell-deficient w/wv and sl/sld strains of mice.

    PubMed

    Rup, B J

    1989-08-15

    A number of different mouse strains and immunization protocols were used to attempt to make monoclonal antibodies against rat IgE for use in studies of the structure, biological activities and regulation of this class of antibody. Successful production of large numbers of monoclonal antibodies was achieved when mast cell deficient (w/wv and sl/sld) but not conventional (BALB/c, CAF1 or SJL) mice were used. These results suggest that the poor response of conventional strains of mice to rat IgE may be due to the presence of mast cells bearing high affinity receptors for IgE in these mice.

  4. A DFT Study of Tungsten-Methylidene Formation on a W/ZSM-5 Zeolite: The Metathesis Active Site.

    PubMed

    Maihom, Thana; Probst, Michael; Limtrakul, Jumras

    2015-10-26

    Tungsten-methylidene formation from ethene on either the W(IV) , W(V) , or W(VI) active sites of a W/ZSM-5 zeolite is investigated by using the M06-L functional. The reaction is assumed to proceed in two steps; the first step is the [2+2] cycloaddition between ethene and the W-O active site to form an oxametallacycle intermediate. The intermediate is then decomposed to produce the W-methylidene active site from the metathesis reaction. The overall activation barrier of the reaction on W(VI) (27.3 kcal mol(-1) ) is considerably lower than the ones for W(IV) and W(V) (69.4 and 37.1 kcal mol(-1) , respectively). Moreover, the reaction involving the W(VI) site also stabilizes intermediates and products to a larger extent than the ones on the W(IV) and W(V) sites. As a result, we have demonstrated that the reaction of the W-methylidene metathesis active site is both kinetically and thermodynamically favored to occur on the W(VI) active site of the zeolite. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  5. A randomised, partially observer blind, multicentre, head-to-head comparison of a two-dose regimen of Baxter and GlaxoSmithKline H1N1 pandemic vaccines, administered 21 days apart.

    PubMed

    Nicholson, K G; Abrams, K R; Batham, S; Clark, T W; Hoschler, K; Lim, W S; Medina, M; Nguyen-Van-Tam, J S; Read, R C; Warren, F C; Zambon, M

    2010-12-01

    ) and microneutralisation (MN) assays at baseline and 7, 14 and 21 days after each vaccination and at day 180. The three immunogenicity criteria end points were the seroprotection rate, the seroconversion rate and the mean-fold titre elevation. Both vaccine doses were given in 340 subjects (98%). Data from 680 (99%) of 687 issued diary cards were returned. Sera were obtained from 340 (98.0%), 333 (96.0%), 341 (98.3%), 331 (95.4%), 329 (94.8%) and 332 (95.7%) subjects on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42, respectively. Three hundred and forty-six and 345 subjects were included in the safety and immunogenicity analyses, respectively. Prevaccination antibody was detected by HI (titre ≥ 1 : 8) and MN (titre ≥ 1 : 10) in 14% and 31% of subjects, respectively. Among the 298 (85.9%) subjects without baseline antibody on HI assay, a titre of ≥ 1 : 40 (seroprotection) was achieved after a single dose of AS03(A)-adjuvanted vaccine and WV vaccine by day 21 in 93.0% and 65.5%, respectively, of subjects between 18 and 44 years, 76.4% and 36.1% of subjects between 45 and 64 years, and 53.1% and 30.0% of subjects ≥ 65 years. Among all 347 subjects, a titre of ≥ 1 : 40 was achieved after a single dose of AS03(A)-adjuvanted vaccine and WV vaccine by day 21 in 94.0% and 71.4%, respectively, of subjects between 18 and 44 years, 77.3% and 38.8% of subjects between 45 and 64 years, and 51.4% and 32.4% of subjects ≥ 65 years. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for adjuvanted compared with WV vaccine, in terms of seroprotection, was 4.42 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.63 to 7.44, p < 0.001]. On day 42, among subjects without baseline antibody on HI assay, a titre of ≥ 1 : 40 was achieved after the second dose of AS03(A)-adjuvanted vaccine and WV vaccine by 100% and 67.9%, respectively, of subjects between 18 and 44 years, 89.3% and 41% of subjects between 45 and 64 years, and 76.5% and 34.5% of subjects ≥ 65 years. Among all 347 subjects, a titre of ≥ 1 : 40 was achieved on day

  6. 4. Photocopy of photograph, c. 1904. INTERIOR OF ORIGINAL POWER ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    4. Photocopy of photograph, c. 1904. INTERIOR OF ORIGINAL POWER HOUSE, SHOWING M.P.C. SUPERINTENDENT H. B. SHOEMAKER BESIDE SWITCH. AT LEFT IS A REPLOGLE RELAY WATER WHEEL GOVERNOR THAT CONNECTED TO TWO OF THE THREE TURBINES. (Courtesy of the Potomac Edison Company Library, Historical Data Files, Dam No. 5 listing) - Dam No. 5 Hydroelectric Plant, On Potomac River, Hedgesville, Berkeley County, WV

  7. 4. NORTH ELEVATION, SHOWING COLLAPSED MARYLAND NEW RIVER COAL COMPANY ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    4. NORTH ELEVATION, SHOWING COLLAPSED MARYLAND NEW RIVER COAL COMPANY ADDITION, WITH REFUSE CONVEYOR (FOREGROUND), TIMBER REFUSE BIN (LEFT), CONVEYOR HOUSE AND SCREENING ROOM (CENTER), AND COAL STORAGE SILO (RIGHT), LOOKING EAST - Nuttallburg Mine Complex, Tipple, North side of New River, 2.7 miles upstream from Fayette Landing, Lookout, Fayette County, WV

  8. Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Magnetic Properties, and Theoretical Investigation of a New Series of NiII-LnIII-WV Heterotrimetallics: Understanding the SMM Behavior of Mixed Polynuclear Complexes.

    PubMed

    Vieru, Veacheslav; Pasatoiu, Traian D; Ungur, Liviu; Suturina, Elizaveta; Madalan, Augustin M; Duhayon, Carine; Sutter, Jean-Pascal; Andruh, Marius; Chibotaru, Liviu F

    2016-12-05

    The polynuclear compounds containing anisotropic metal ions often exhibit efficient barriers for blocking of magnetization at fairly arbitrary geometries. However, at variance with mononuclear complexes, which usually become single-molecule magnets (SMM) under the sole requirement of a highly axial crystal field at the metal ion, the factors influencing the SMM behavior in polynuclear complexes, especially, with weakly axial magnetic ions, still remain largely unrevealed. As an attempt to clarify these conditions, we present here the synthesis, crystal structures, magnetic behavior, and ab initio calculations for a new series of Ni II -Ln III -W V trimetallics, [(CN) 7 W(CN)Ni(H 2 O)(valpn)Ln(H 2 O) 4 ]·H 2 O (Ln = Y 1, Eu 2, Gd 3, Tb 4, Dy 5, Lu 6). The surprising finding is the absence of the magnetic blockage even for compounds involving strongly anisotropic Dy III and Tb III metal ions. This is well explained by ab initio calculations showing relatively large transversal components of the g-tensor in the ground exchange Kramers doublets of 1 and 4 and large intrinsic tunneling gaps in the ground exchange doublets of 3 and 5. In order to get more insight into this behavior, another series of earlier reported compounds with the same trinuclear [W V Ni II Ln III ] core structure, [(CN) 7 W(CN)Ni(dmf)(valdmpn)Ln(dmf) 4 ]·H 2 O (Ln = Gd III 7, Tb III 8a, Dy III 9, Ho III 10), [(CN) 7 W(CN)Ni(H 2 O)(valdmpn)Tb(dmf) 2.5 (H 2 O) 1.5 ]·H 2 O·0.5dmf 8b, and [(CN) 7 W(CN)Ni(H 2 O)(valdmpn)Er(dmf) 3 (H 2 O) 1 ]·H 2 O·0.5dmf 11, has been also investigated theoretically. In this series, only 8b exhibits SMM behavior which is confirmed by the present ab initio calculations. An important feature for the entire series is the strong ferromagnetic coupling between Ni(II) and W(V), which is due to an almost perfect trigonal dodecahedron geometry of the octacyano wolframate fragment. The reason why only 8b is an SMM is explained by positive zero-field splitting on the nickel

  9. Dilute alkali pretreatment of softwood pine: A biorefinery approach.

    PubMed

    Safari, Ali; Karimi, Keikhosro; Shafiei, Marzieh

    2017-06-01

    Dilute alkali pretreatment was performed on softwood pine to maximize ethanol and biogas production via a biorefinery approach. Alkali pretreatments were performed with 0-2% w/v NaOH at 100-180°C for 1-5h. The liquid fraction of the pretreated substrates was subjected to anaerobic digestion. The solid fraction of the pretreatment was used for separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. High ethanol yields of 76.9‒78.0% were achieved by pretreatment with 2% (w/v) NaOH at 180°C. The highest biogas yield of 244mL/g volatile solid (at 25°C, 1bar) was achieved by the pretreatment with 1% (w/v) NaOH at 180°C. The highest gasoline equivalent (sum of ethanol and methane) of 197L per ton of pinewood and the lowest ethanol manufacturing cost of 0.75€/L was obtained after pretreatment with 1% NaOH at 180°C for 5h. The manufacturing cost of ethanol from untreated wood was 4.12€/L. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Rapid solubilization of insoluble phosphate by a novel environmental stress-tolerant Burkholderia vietnamiensis M6 isolated from ginseng rhizospheric soil.

    PubMed

    Park, Ki-Hyun; Lee, O-Mi; Jung, Ho-Il; Jeong, Jin-Ha; Jeon, Young-Dong; Hwang, Dae-Youn; Lee, Chung-Yeol; Son, Hong-Joo

    2010-04-01

    We isolated and characterized novel insoluble phosphate (P)-solubilizing bacteria tolerant to environmental factors like high salt, low and high pHs, and low temperature. A bacterium M6 was isolated from a ginseng rhizospheric soil and confirmed to belong to Burkholderia vietnamiensis by BIOLOG system and 16S rRNA gene analysis. The optimal cultural conditions for the solubilization of P were 2.5% (w/v) glucose, 0.015% (w/v) urea, and 0.4% (w/v) MgCl(2).6H(2)O along with initial pH 7.0 at 35 degrees C. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that B. vietnamiensis M6 produced gluconic and 2-ketogluconic acids. During the culture, the pH was reduced with increase in gluconic acid concentration and was inversely correlated with P solubilization. Insoluble P solubilization in the optimal medium was about 902 mg l(-1), which was approximately 1.6-fold higher than the yield in NBRIP medium (580 mg l(-1)). B. vietnamiensis M6 showed resistance against different environmental stresses like 10-45 degrees C, 1-5% (w/v) salt, and 2-11 pH range. The maximal concentration of soluble P produced by B. vietnamiensis M6 from Ca(3)(PO(4))(2), CaHPO(4), and hydroxyapatite was 1,039, 2,132, and 1,754 mg l(-1), respectively. However, the strain M6 produced soluble P with 20 mg l(-1) from FePO(4) after 2 days and 100 mg l(-1) from AlPO(4) after 6 days, respectively. Our results indicate that B. vietnamiensis M6 could be a potential candidate for the development of biofertilizer applicable to environmentally stressed soil.

  11. Psychroflexus saliphilus sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, orange pigmented strain, WDS4A13**T, was isolated from a marine solar saltern in Weihai, China. WDS4A13**T grows optimally at pH at 7.0-8.0, 33°C, with 6% (w/v) NaCl. The polar lipid profile of the novel isolate consisted of two unidentified phospholipi...

  12. A novel extracellular β-glucosidase from Trichosporon asahii: yield prediction, evaluation and application for aroma enhancement of Cabernet Sauvignon.

    PubMed

    Wang, Yuxia; Xu, Yan; Li, Jiming

    2012-08-01

    The production and application of novel β-glucosidase from Trichosporon asahii were studied. The β-glucosidase yield was improved by response surface methodology, and the optimal media constituents were determined to be dextrin 4.67% (w/v), yeast extract 2.99% (w/v), MgSO(4) 0.01% (w/v), and K(2) HPO(4) 0.02% (w/v). As a result, β-glucosidase production was enhanced from 123.72 to 215.66 U/L. The effects of different enological factors on the activity of β-glucosidases from T. asahii were investigated in comparison to commercial enzymes. β-Glucosidase from T. asahii was activated in the presence of sugars in the range from 10% to 40% (w/v), with the exception of glucose (slight inhibition), and retained higher relative activities than commercial enzymes under the same conditions. In addition, ethanol, in concentrations between 5% and 20% (v/v), also increased the β-glucosidase activity. Although the β-glucosidase activity decreased with decreasing pH, the residual activity of T. asahii was still above 50% at the average wine pH (pH 3.5). Due to these properties, extracellular β-glucosidase from T. asahii exhibited a better ability than commercial enzymes in hydrolyzing aromatic precursors that remained in young finished wine. The excellent performs of this β-glucosidase in wine aroma enhancement and sensory evaluation indicated that the β-glucosidase has a potential application to individuate suitable preparations that can complement and optimize grape or wine quality during the winemaking process or in the final wine. The present study demonstrated the usefulness of response surface methodology based on the central composite design for yield enhancement of β-glucosidase from T. asahii. The investigation of the primary characteristics of the enzyme and its application in young red wine suggested that the β-glucosidase from T. asahii can provide more impetus for aroma improvement in the future. © 2012 Institute of Food Technologists®

  13. Ethanol production from rape straw by a two-stage pretreatment under mild conditions.

    PubMed

    Romero, Inmaculada; López-Linares, Juan C; Delgado, Yaimé; Cara, Cristóbal; Castro, Eulogio

    2015-08-01

    The growing interest on rape oil as raw material for biodiesel production has resulted in an increasing availability of rape straw, an agricultural residue that is an attractive renewable source for the production of second-generation bioethanol. Pretreatment is one of the key steps in such a conversion process. In this work, a sequential two-stage pretreatment with dilute sulfuric acid (130 °C, 60 min, 2% w/v H2SO4) followed by H2O2 (1-5% w/v) in alkaline medium (NaOH) at low temperature (60, 90 °C) and at different pretreatment times (30-90 min) was investigated. The first-acid stage allows the solubilisation of hemicellulose fraction into fermentable sugars. The second-alkaline peroxide stage allows the delignification of the solid material whilst the cellulose remaining in rape straw turned highly digestible by cellulases. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with 15% (w/v) delignified substrate at 90 °C, 5% H2O2 for 60 min, led to a maximum ethanol production of 53 g/L and a yield of 85% of the theoretical.

  14. Vitrification, encapsulation-vitrification and droplet-vitrification: a review.

    PubMed

    Sakai, Akira; Engelmann, Florent

    2007-01-01

    This paper discusses the importance of the successive steps of the vitrification technique and reviews the current development and use of vitrification and of the two derived protocols, encapsulation-vitrification and droplet-vitrification. Vitrification refers to the physical process by which a highly concentrated cryoprotective solution supercools to very low temperatures and finally solidifies into a metastable glass, without undergoing crystallization at a practical cooling rate. Samples are thus cryopreserved without detrimental intracellular ice formation. In a standard vitrification protocol, excised explants are precultured on medium enriched with sucrose, treated (loaded) with a loading solution composed of 2 M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose, dehydrated with a highly concentrated vitrification solution [e.g. the PVS2 vitrification solution, which contains 30 percent (w/v) glycerol, 15 percent (w/v) ethylene glycol and 15 percent (w/v) DMSO and 0.4 M sucrose], frozen and rewarmed rapidly, unloaded with basal culture medium supplemented with 1.2 M sucrose, and then transferred to standard culture conditions. In the encapsulation-vitrification technique, the explants are encapsulated in alginate beads, loaded and dehydrated with a vitrification solution before rapid immersion in liquid nitrogen. In the droplet-freezing technique, excised explants are loaded, treated with the vitrification solution and frozen in individual microdroplets of vitrification solution placed on aluminium foils, which are immersed rapidly in liquid nitrogen. These three techniques have been applied to different tissues of over 100 plant species from temperate and tropical origins and the number of cases where they are being tested on a large scale or applied routinely is increasing.

  15. Limonene enhances the in vitro and in vivo permeation of trimetazidine across a membrane-controlled transdermal therapeutic system.

    PubMed

    Krishnaiah, Yellela S; Al-Saidan, Saleh M

    2008-01-01

    The objective of the study was to design membrane-controlled transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) for trimetazidine. The optimization of (i) concentration of ethanol-water solvent system, (ii) HPMC concentration of drug reservoir and (iii) limonene concentration in 2% w/v HPMC gel was done based on the in vitro permeation of trimetazidine across excised rat epidermis. A limonene-based membrane-controlled TTS of trimetazidine was fabricated and evaluated for its in vivo drug release in rabbit model. The in vitro permeation of trimetazidine from water, ethanol and selected concentrations (25, 50 and 75% v/v) of ethanol-water co-solvent systems showed that 50% v/v of ethanol-water solvent system provided an optimal transdermal flux of 233.1+/-3.8 microg/cm(2.)h. The flux of the drug decreased to 194.1+/-7.4 microg/cm(2.)h on adding 2% w/v of HPMC to ethanolic (50% v/v ethanol-water) solution of trimetazidine. However, on adding selected concentrations of limonene (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% w/v) to 2% w/v HPMC gel drug reservoir, the flux of the drug increased to 365.5+/-7.1 microg/cm(2.)h. Based on these results, 2% w/v HPMC gel drug reservoir containing 6% w/v of limonene was chosen as an optimal formulation for studying the influence of rate-controlling EVA2825 membrane and adhesive-coated EVA2825 membrane. The flux of the drug across EVA2825 membrane (mean thickness 31.2 microm) decreased to 285.8+/-2.2 microg/cm(2.)h indicating that the chosen membrane was effective as rate-controlling membrane. On applying an adhesive coat (mean thickness 10.2 microm) to EVA2825 membrane, the drug flux further decreased to 212.4+/-2.6 microg/cm(2.)h. However, the flux of the drug across adhesive-coated EVA2825 membrane-rat epidermis composite was 185.9+/-2.9 microg/cm(2.)h, which is about 2-times higher than the desired flux. The fabricated limonene-based TTS patch of trimetazidine showed a mean steady state plasma concentration of 71.5 ng/mL for about 14 h with minimal fluctuation when

  16. Identification of a novel multiple kinase inhibitor with potent antiviral activity against influenza virus by reducing viral polymerase activity

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sasaki, Yutaka; Kakisaka, Michinori; Chutiwitoonchai, Nopporn

    Highlights: • Screening of 50,000 compounds and subsequent lead optimization identified WV970. • WV970 has antiviral effects against influenza A, B and highly pathogenic viral strains. • WV970 inhibits viral genome replication and transcription. • A target database search suggests that WV970 may bind to a number of kinases. • KINOMEscan screening revealed that WV970 has inhibitory effects on 15 kinases. - Abstract: Neuraminidase inhibitors are the only currently available influenza treatment, although resistant viruses to these drugs have already been reported. Thus, new antiviral drugs with novel mechanisms of action are urgently required. In this study, we identified amore » novel antiviral compound, WV970, through cell-based screening of a 50,000 compound library and subsequent lead optimization. This compound exhibited potent antiviral activity with nanomolar IC{sub 50} values against both influenza A and B viruses but not non-influenza RNA viruses. Time-of-addition and indirect immunofluorescence assays indicated that WV970 acted at an early stage of the influenza life cycle, but likely after nuclear entry of viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP). Further analyses of viral RNA expression and viral polymerase activity indicated that WV970 inhibited vRNP-mediated viral genome replication and transcription. Finally, structure-based virtual screening and comprehensive human kinome screening were used to demonstrate that WV970 acts as a multiple kinase inhibitor, many of which are associated with influenza virus replication. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that WV970 is a promising anti-influenza drug candidate and that several kinases associated with viral replication are promising drug targets.« less

  17. Seventy-two hours hypothermic intestinal preservation study using a new perfluorocarbon emulsion.

    PubMed

    DeRoover, A; Krafft, M P; Deby-Dupont, G; Riess, J; Jacquet, N; Lamy, M; Meurisse, M; D'Silva, M

    2001-05-01

    We investigated the effect of a perfluorocarbon emulsion (FC) added to the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution on hypothermic (4 degrees C, 12-72h) preservation of rat small bowel grafts. The FC was 90%w/v perfluorooctylbromide, 2%w/v egg yolk phospholipids and 1.4%w/v mixed fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon molecular dowels. Four groups were defined: [1] UW flush and UW storage; [2] UW flush and FC storage; [3] flush with FC diluted 2 times with UW (FU) and FU storage; [4] FU flush and storage in oxygenated FU. Preservation was estimated with a histological score based on villus epithelium adhesion, on villus sloughing and on crypt cell adhesion to the basal membrane. Antioxidant potential was estimated by measurement of total thiol functions (SH) and activities of glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-P), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. FC in flush improved preservation during the first 24h (p<0.01). Storage in FC appeared superior to UW for the first 24h (p<0.01). Oxygenation (100% O2) of the storage medium yielded superior results at 12h and 24h (p<0.01 and p<0.001 versus group [1] respectively). After 72h, SOD and catalase activities increased in groups [3] and [4], and SOD decreased in group [1] (p<0.05). SH progressively decreased in group [1] (p<0.05) and GSH-P increased at 24 and 48h in groups [3] and [4] (p<0.01). The increase of O2 in the perfusion flush or storage medium ameliorated the preservation status and protected the antioxidant potential of the small bowel.

  18. An Assessment of Worldview-2 Imagery for the Classification Of a Mixed Deciduous Forest

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Carter, Nahid

    Remote sensing provides a variety of methods for classifying forest communities and can be a valuable tool for the impact assessment of invasive species. The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) infestation of ash trees (Fraxinus) in the United States has resulted in the mortality of large stands of ash throughout the Northeast. This study assessed the suitability of multi-temporal Worldview-2 multispectral satellite imagery for classifying a mixed deciduous forest in Upstate New York. Training sites were collected using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, with each training site consisting of a single tree of a corresponding class. Six classes were collected; Ash, Maple, Oak, Beech, Evergreen, and Other. Three different classifications were investigated on four data sets. A six class classification (6C), a two class classification consisting of ash and all other classes combined (2C), and a merging of the ash and maple classes for a five class classification (5C). The four data sets included Worldview-2 multispectral data collection from June 2010 (J-WV2) and September 2010 (S-WV2), a layer stacked data set using J-WV2 and S-WV2 (LS-WV2), and a reduced data set (RD-WV2). RD-WV2 was created using a statistical analysis of the processed and unprocessed imagery. Statistical analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and identify key bands to create a fourth data set (RD-WV2). Overall accuracy varied considerably depending upon the classification type, but results indicated that ash was confused with maple in a majority of the classifications. Ash was most accurately identified using the 2C classification and RD-WV2 data set (81.48%). A combination of the ash and maple classes yielded an accuracy of 89.41%. Future work should focus on separating the ash and maple classifiers by using data sources such as hyperspectral imagery, LiDAR, or extensive forest surveys.

  19. Workplace violence and occupational stress in healthcare workers: a chicken-and-egg situation-results of a 6-year follow-up study.

    PubMed

    Magnavita, Nicola

    2014-09-01

    Violence at work (WV) is an important occupational hazard for health care workers (HCWs). A number of surveys addressing the causes and effects of WV have shown that it is associated with work-related stress. However, it is not clear what direction this relationship takes, that is, whether job strain facilitates aggression against HCWs or WV is the cause of job strain. From 2003 to 2009, HCWs from a public health care unit were asked to self-assess their level of work-related stress and to report aggression that occurred in the 12-month period preceding their routine medical examination. In 2009, physical and mental health and job satisfaction were also assessed. A total of 698 out of 723 HCWs (96.5%) completed the study. Job strain and lack of social support were predictors of the occurrence of nonphysical aggression during the ensuing year. HCWs who experienced WV reported high strain and low support at work in the following year. The experience of nonphysical violence and a prolonged state of strain and social isolation were significant predictors of psychological problems and bad health at follow-up. The relationship between work-related distress and WV is bidirectional. The monitoring of workers through questionnaires distributed before their periodic examination is a simple and effective way of studying WV and monitoring distress. The findings of the present study may facilitate the subsequent design of participatory intervention for the prevention of violence in healthcare facilities. This should always be accompanied by measures designed to reduce strain and improve social support. © 2014 Sigma Theta Tau International.

  20. Enhanced Production of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid by Optimizing Culture Conditions of Lactobacillus brevis HYE1 Isolated from Kimchi, a Korean Fermented Food.

    PubMed

    Lim, Hee Seon; Cha, In-Tae; Roh, Seong Woon; Shin, Hae-Hun; Seo, Myung-Ji

    2017-03-28

    This study evaluated the effects of culture conditions, including carbon and nitrogen sources, L-monosodium glutamate (MSG), and initial pH, on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production by Lactobacillus brevis HYE1 isolated from kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented food. L. brevis HYE1 was screened by the production analysis of GABA and genetic analysis of the glutamate decarboxylase gene, resulting in 14.64 mM GABA after 48 h of cultivation in MRS medium containing 1% (w/v) MSG. In order to increase GABA production by L. brevis HYE1, the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on GABA production were preliminarily investigated via one-factor-at-a-time optimization strategy. As the results, 2% maltose and 3% tryptone were determined to produce 17.93 mM GABA in modified MRS medium with 1% (w/v) MSG. In addition, the optimal MSG concentration and initial pH were determined to be 1% and 5.0, respectively, resulting in production of 18.97 mM GABA. Thereafter, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the optimal conditions of the above four factors. The results indicate that pH was the most significant factor for GABA production. The optimal culture conditions for maximum GABA production were also determined to be 2.14% (w/v) maltose, 4.01% (w/v) tryptone, 2.38% (w/v) MSG, and an initial pH of 4.74. In these conditions, GABA production by L. brevis HYE1 was predicted to be 21.44 mM using the RSM model. The experiment was performed under these optimized conditions, resulting in GABA production of 18.76 mM. These results show that the predicted and experimental values of GABA production are in good agreement.

  1. Transdermal permeation of trimetazidine from nerodilol-based HPMC gel drug reservoir system across rat epidermis.

    PubMed

    Krishnaiah, Yellela S; Al-Saidan, Saleh M

    2008-01-01

    To study the in vitro transdermal permeation of trimetazidine from hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) gel drug reservoir system using nerodilol as a penetration enhancer. An HPMC gel containing selected concentrations of nerodilol (0, 2, 4 or 5% w/v) and 2.5% w/v of trimetazidine was prepared, and subjected to in vitro permeation studies across rat epidermis. The amount of trimetazidine permeated at different time intervals (1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 h) was estimated, and the data were analyzed to calculate various permeation parameters. There was an increase in the amount of trimetazidine (8,719.7 +/- 153.3 microg/cm(2))permeated across the rat epidermis up to 24 h (Q(24)) with an increase in nerodilol concentration (5% w/v) in HPMC gel drug reservoir. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the amount of drug permeated (Q(24)) with 5% w/v of nerodilol when compared to that obtained with 4% w/v of nerodilol (8,484.5 +/- 165.8 microg/cm(2)). Nerodilol, at a concentration of 4% w/v enhanced the flux of trimetazidine across rat epidermis by about 1.96 times when compared to control. The HPMC gel drug reservoir containing 4% w/v of nerodilol showed optimal transdermal permeation of trimetazidine. (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  2. Basic and Applied Magnetism with a Squid Gradiometer.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-12-01

    r , , WV w- =v- -V,; . r Zr! I , : r -. : r , : s : i . : I , C CI SQUID ta) 0 7 - .- 4 , 4 4 4 - .44* . . 2 Te 1 I T ...... 2zt 14 tbt’faceewient...incheS) iuSteed D~ISPLACE4ENT ’ . • •. . , I t ( pi A, , I phud.I’ t h bh r . /Os ,7/,/( ds I DR8 _ I Is i it r V( ttw( lt hd ,h r % I I VS94 SQUID...magnetization. Barkhausen Reversible Missing

  3. Follicle Depletion Provides a Permissive Environment for Ovarian Carcinogenesis

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Ying; Cai, Kathy Qi; Smith, Elizabeth R.; Yeasky, Toni M.; Moore, Robert; Ganjei-Azar, Parvin; Klein-Szanto, Andres J.; Godwin, Andrew K.; Hamilton, Thomas C.

    2016-01-01

    We modeled the etiology of postmenopausal biology on ovarian cancer risk using germ cell-deficient white-spotting variant (Wv) mice, incorporating oncogenic mutations. Ovarian cancer incidence is highest in peri- and postmenopausal women, and epidemiological studies have established the impact of reproductive factors on ovarian cancer risk. Menopause as a result of ovarian follicle depletion is thought to contribute to higher cancer risk. As a consequence of follicle depletion, female Wv mice develop ovarian tubular adenomas, a benign epithelial tumor corresponding to surface epithelial invaginations and papillomatosis frequently found in postmenopausal human ovaries. Lineage tracing using MISR2-Cre indicated that the tubular adenomas that developed in Wv mice were largely derived from the MISR2 lineage, which marked only a fraction of ovarian surface and oviduct epithelial cells in wild-type tissues. Deletion of p27, either heterozygous or homozygous, was able to convert the benign tubular adenomas into more proliferative tumors. Restricted deletion of p53 in Wv/Wv mice by either intrabursal injection of adenoviral Cre or inclusion of the MISR2-Cre transgene also resulted in augmented tumor growth. This finding suggests that follicle depletion provides a permissive ovarian environment for oncogenic transformation of epithelial cells, presenting a mechanism for the increased ovarian cancer risk in postmenopausal women. PMID:27354067

  4. Sediminibacillus massiliensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, Gram-positive bacterium isolated from a stool sample of a young Senegalese man.

    PubMed

    Senghor, Bruno; Bassène, Hubert; Khelaifia, Saber; Robert, Catherine; Fournier, Pierre-Edouard; Ruimy, Raymond; Sokhna, Cheikh; Raoult, Didier; Lagier, Jean-Christophe

    2018-07-01

    A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, referred to as strain Marseille-P3518 T , was isolated from a stool sample with 2% NaCl concentration from a healthy 15-year-old male living in Dielmo, a village in Senegal. Cells are aerobic, rod-shaped and motile and display endospore formation. Strain Marseille-P3518 T can grow in a medium with 0-20% (w/v) sodium chloride (optimally at 5-7.5% w/v). The major fatty acids were 12-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (45.8%), 13-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (26.9%) and 12-methyl-tridecanoic acid (12.8%). The genome is 4,347,479 bp long with 42.1% G+C content. It contains 4282 protein-coding and 107 RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain Marseille-P3518 T is a member of the Bacillaceae family and is closely related to Sediminibacillus albus (97.4% gene sequence similarity). Strain Marseille-P3518 T was clearly differentiated from its phylogenetic neighbors on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic features. Strain Marseille-P3518 T is, therefore, considered to be a novel representative of the genus Sediminibacillus, for which the name Sediminibacillus massiliensis sp. nov. is proposed, and the type strain is Marseille-P3518 T (CSUR P3518T, DSM69894).

  5. Synthesis, kinetics and photocatalytic study of "ultra-small" Ag-NPs obtained by a green chemistry method using an extract of Rosa 'Andeli' double delight petals.

    PubMed

    Suárez-Cerda, Javier; Alonso-Nuñez, Gabriel; Espinoza-Gómez, Heriberto; Flores-López, Lucía Z

    2015-11-15

    This paper reports the effect of different concentrations of Rosa 'Andeli' double delight petals aqueous extract (PERA) in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), using an easy green chemistry method. Its kinetics study and photocatalytic activity were also evaluated. The Ag-NPs were obtained using an aqueous silver nitrate solution (AgNO3) with 9.66% w/v, 7.25% w/v, and 4.20% w/v PERA as both reducing-stabilizing agent. The formation of the Ag-NPs was demonstrated by analysis of UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis shows spherical nanoparticles in shape and size between ∼0.5 and 1.4nm. A comparative study was done to determine which concentration was the best reducing-stabilizing agent, and we found out that "ultra-small" nanoparticles (0.5-1.1nm) were obtained with 9.66% w/v of PERA. The size of the Ag-NPs depends on the concentration of PERA and Ag(I). The reaction of formation of "ultra-small" Ag-NPs, proved to be first order for metallic precursor (silver) and second order for reducing-stabilizing agent (PERA). The Ag-NPs showed photocatalytic activity, in degradation of commercial dye with an efficiency of 95%. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. 76 FR 7906 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-11

    ... designated to act on behalf of the organization. Respondents: Private sector: Business or other for-profit..., 200 Third Street, Parkersburg, West Virginia 26106; (304) 480-8112. OMB Reviewer: Shagufta Ahmed...

  7. 76 FR 43634 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West Virginia and Ohio...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-21

    ... 1997 Annual Fine Particle Standard for the Parkersburg-Marietta and Wheeling Nonattainment Areas AGENCY... fine particle (PM 2.5 ) nonattainment areas (hereafter referred to as ``Areas'') have attained the 1997...

  8. Flavobacterium kingsejongi sp. nov., a carotenoid-producing species isolated from Antarctic penguin faeces.

    PubMed

    Choi, Jun Young; Kim, Jin Ho; Lee, Pyung Cheon

    2018-03-01

    Taxonomic studies were carried out on a carotenoid-producing strain, designated WV39 T , isolated from the faeces of Antarctic penguins. Cells of strain WV39 T were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, yellow and rod-shaped. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain WV39 T was closely related to Flavobacterium qiangtangense JCM 19739 T (96.3 % similarity), Flavobacterium noncentrifugens NBRC 108844 T (95.5 %) and Flavobacterium aquatile LMG 4008 T (94.9 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c). Menaquinone-6 was the sole quinone identified, and the major pigment was zeaxanthin. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. DNA-DNA relatedness of strain WV39 T with respect to its closest phylogenetic neighbours was 41.8 % for F. qiangtangense JCM 19739 T , 25.5 % for F. aquatile LMG 4008 T and 25.2 % for F. noncentrifugens NBRC 108844 T . The DNA G+C content of strain WV39 T was 39.8 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain WV39 T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacteriumkingsejongi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WV39 T (=KCTC 42908 T =CECT 9085 T ).

  9. Efficacy of a topical combination of fipronil, (S)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel (Broadline(®)) against naturally acquired infections with cestodes of the genus Joyeuxiella in cats.

    PubMed

    Schuster, Rolf K; Mustafa, Murad Basheer; Baskar, Jagadeesan Vijay; Rosentel, Joseph; Chester, S Theodore; Knaus, Martin

    2016-07-01

    Cats are host to dipylidiid cestodes of the genera Diplopylidium, Dipylidium and Joyeuxiella. Broadline(®), a topical broad-spectrum combination parasiticide containing fipronil (8.3 % w/v), (S)-methoprene (10 % w/v), eprinomectin (0.4 % w/v) and the cestocide praziquantel (8.3 % w/v), has previously been shown to be efficacious against Dipylidium caninum and Diplopylidium spp. in cats. To evaluate its efficacy against Joyeuxiella species, a blinded clinical efficacy study was conducted according to GCP. All cats had evidence for naturally acquired dipylidiid cestode infection as confirmed by pre-treatment examination. Cats were allocated randomly to two groups of 13 cats each based on bodyweight: Control (untreated) and Broadline(®) at 0.12 mL/kg bodyweight administered once topically. Based on the comparison of helminth counts in the treated and untreated cats seven days post treatment, Broadline(®) demonstrated >99 % efficacy (p < 0.01) against mature J. fuhrmanni and J. pasqualei, with 11 and 13 of the untreated cats harbouring 1 to 102 or 2 to 95 cestodes, respectively. In addition, parasite counts indicated 95.9 % efficacy (p = 0.006) against the rictularoid nematode Pterygodermatites cahirensis.

  10. 76 FR 20450 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-12

    ... participate in U.S. Treasury Securities Auctions via TAPPS Link. Affected Public: Private Sector: Businesses... of the Public Debt, 200 Third Street, Parkersburg, West Virginia 26106; (304) 480-8112. OMB Reviewer...

  11. Second-generation ethanol production from elephant grass at high total solids.

    PubMed

    Menegol, Daiane; Fontana, Roselei Claudete; Dillon, Aldo José Pinheiro; Camassola, Marli

    2016-07-01

    The enzymatic hydrolysis of Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) was evaluated at high total solid levels (from 4% to 20% (w/v)) in a concomitant ball milling treatment in a rotating hydrolysis reactor (RHR). The greatest glucose yield was 20.17% when 4% (w/v) untreated biomass was employed. When sugars obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis were submitted to fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the greatest ethanol yield was 22.61% when 4% (w/v) untreated biomass was employed; however, the highest glucose concentration (12.47g/L) was obtaining using 20% (w/v) solids and highest ethanol concentration (6.1g/L) was obtained using 16% (w/v) solids. When elephant grass was hydrolyzed in the rotating hydrolysis reactor, ethanol production was about double that was produced when the biomass was hydrolyzed in a static reactor (SR). These data indicate that it is possible to produce ethanol from elephant grass when milling treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis are performed at the same time. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  12. Extraction, purification and characterization of a protease from Micrococcus sp. VKMM 037.

    PubMed

    Manikandan, Muthu; Kannan, Vijayaraghavan; Pasić, Lejla

    2011-10-01

    The haloalkaliphilic bacterium Micrococcus sp. VKMM 037, isolated from an effluent of the caustic soda industry, was found to produce a protease. Maximal proteolytic activity was observed in cell culture grown at 40 degrees C using 2% (w/v) glycerol, 2% (w/v) beef extract and 2% (w/v) peptone as nutrients in medium also containing 0.85 M NaCl with a pH of 10.0. An efficient purification procedure combining ammonium sulphate precipitation and Q-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography was developed. The purified 41 kDa protease was stable in a temperature range between 20 degrees C and 60 degrees C. The protease remained active over a wide range of pH values (4.0-12.0) and NaCl concentrations (0-3.42 M) with an optimum at pH 10.0 and 0.85 M NaCl, respectively. Furthermore, the enzyme remained stable or was only marginally inhibited in the presence of various organic solvents, surfactants and reducing agents. The purified protease of Micrococcus sp. VKMM 037 efficiently removed blood stains within 40 minutes of treatment. Given the biochemical characteristics determined, this novel protease could be exploited as an additive in the detergent industry and also for the synthesis of biomolecules and the degradation of protein.

  13. Measuring the turbulent wind vector with a weight-shift Microlight Aircraft

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Metzger, S.; Junkermann, W.; Neidl, F.; Butterbach-Bahl, K.; Schmid, H. P.; Beyrich, F.; Zheng, X. H.; Foken, T.

    2009-09-01

    The Small Environmental Research Aircraft (SERA) D-MIFUs initial fields of application are aerosol / cloud and radiation transfer research. Therefore a comparatively slow (True Airspeed, TAS ~25 ms-1) but highly mobile microlight aircraft was envisaged. To broaden the application area of D-MIFU we explore whether the microlight can also be used for Eddy Covariance (EC) flux measurement. To obtain useful data sets for airborne EC a reliable turbulent Wind Vector (WV) measurement is a key requirement. Here we present methodology and results to calibrate and express performance and uncertainty of microlight based WV measurement. Specific attention is given to the influence of the flexible-wing weight-shift geometry on the WV measurement. For the WV measurement we equipped D-MIFU with a 70 cm long noseboom supporting a classical 5 hole probe and a fast 50 μm diameter thermocouple. An Inertial Navigation System (INS) supplies high accuracy ground speeds (Ï?=0.05 ms-1) and attitude angles (Ï?=0.03° , 0.1° respectively for heading). Data are stored with 10 Hz yielding a horizontal resolution of 2.5 m. The INS also allows to analyze aircraft dynamics such as 3d rotation rates and acceleration of the nacelle body. Further estimates for 3d acceleration of airfoil and noseboom are obtained at 100 Hz. The noseboom calibration coefficients under laboratory conditions were obtained by wind tunnel- and thermal bath measurements. To transfer these characteristics for in-flight conditions we carried out a series of flights with D-MIFU above the Boundary Layer under calm conditions. On basis of level flights at different power settings we were able to determine dynamic pressure-, sideslip- and attack angle offsets. Additionally forced maneuvers, such as e.g. phugoids, have been performed. By means of multivariate analysis these data are used to assess and minimize the impact of microlight nacelle and airfoil rapidly varying motions (RVM) on the WV components. In the final

  14. 31 CFR 351.2 - How do I contact Fiscal Service?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Service by e-mail at [email protected]gov, or by writing to the following address: Bureau of the Fiscal Service, Parkersburg, West Virginia 26106-1328. Our website address is www.savingsbonds.gov. ...

  15. In vivo evaluation of thiolated poly(acrylic acid) as a drug absorption modulator for MRP2 efflux pump substrates.

    PubMed

    Greindl, Melanie; Föger, Florian; Hombach, Juliane; Bernkop-Schnürch, Andreas

    2009-08-01

    Recently, several polymers have been reported to modulate drug absorption by inhibition of intestinal efflux pumps such as multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of thiolated poly(acrylic acid) (PAA-Cys) to act as a drug absorption modulator for MRP2 efflux pump substrates in vivo, using sulforhodamine 101 as representative MRP2 substrate. In vitro, the permeation-enhancing effect of unmodified PAA and PAA(250)-Cys(,) displaying 580 micromol free thiol groups per gram polymer, was evaluated by using freshly excised rat intestinal mucosa mounted in Ussing-type chambers. In comparison to that of the buffer control, the sulforhodamine 101 transport in the presence of 0.5% unmodified PAA(250) and 0.5% (w/v) PAA(250)-Cys was 1.3- and 4.0-fold improved, respectively. In vivo, sulforhodamine 101 solutions containing 4% (w/v) unmodified PAA(250) or 4% (w/v) thiolated PAA(250) were orally given to rats. The PAA(250)-Cys solution increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-12)) of sulforhodamine 101 3.8-fold in comparison to control and 2.2-fold in comparison to unmodified PAA(250). This in vivo study revealed that PAA(250)-Cys significantly increased the oral bioavailability of MRP2 substrate sulforhodamine 101.

  16. Exploring the effects of treatments with carbohydrases to obtain a high-cellulose content pulp from a non-wood alkaline pulp.

    PubMed

    Beltramino, Facundo; Valls, Cristina; Vidal, Teresa; Roncero, M Blanca

    2015-11-20

    In this work, treatments with a xylanase (X) and carbohydrases mixture (Cx) were applied on a TCF bleached sisal pulp in order to obtain high-cellulose content fibers applicable on a wide range of uses. A limit of ≈12% w/w final content in hemicelluloses was found regardless of the enzymatic treatment assessed. An extraction with 4% and 9% w/v NaOH was performed for further hemicelluloses removal. We found that NaOH dose could be strongly reduced if combined with Cx or Cx+X treatments. Also, if necessary, a stronger reduction could be obtained with 9% w/v NaOH, which was found to be boosted in a 14% if performed after a treatment with Cx. An end-product with a low content in xylans (≈2.9% w/w) and in HexA (5.8μmol/odp) was obtained. Pulp Fock solubility was also increased (≈30%) by enzymatic treatments. HPLC analysis of effluents provided useful information of enzymatic catalytic mechanisms. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Pectin-zinc-chitosan-polyethylene glycol colloidal nano-suspension as a food grade carrier for colon targeted delivery of resveratrol.

    PubMed

    Andishmand, Hashem; Tabibiazar, Mahnaz; Mohammadifar, Mohammad Amin; Hamishehkar, Hamed

    2017-04-01

    The aim of the present study was to develop chitosan-zinc-pectinate-polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) for colon-targeted delivery of resveratrol. The effects of pectin:ZnCl 2 :chitosan (PZnC) % w/v, pH and ionic strength of media, and addition of PEG on the colloidal stability and release behavior of resveratrol from NPs were examined by Zeta potential, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) methods. The particle size and Zeta potential of PZnC NPs in the ratio of 10:1:3% w/v were 399±18nm and +25±1mV, respectively. The addition of PEG to PZnC as a solvent for resveratrol (10% w/v) noticeably decreased the size of NPs to approximately 83±4nm. More than 63% of the resveratrol was encapsulated into the developed NPs; furthermore, a low amount of resveratrol was released during one month, using simulated juice model (pH=4) as investigated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of resveratrol.The remaining resveratrol in NPs (∼49%) was released in simulated colon fluid in the presence of pectinase. These NPs can be introduced as a novel platform for successful colon delivery of resveratrol in fruit juice matrix. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Production of a bioemulsifier with potential application in the food industry.

    PubMed

    Campos, Jenyffer M; Stamford, Tânia L M; Sarubbo, Leonie A

    2014-03-01

    Biosurfactants are of considerable interest due to their biodegradability, low degree of toxicity, and diverse applications. However, the high production costs involved in the acquisition of biosurfactants underscore the need for optimization of the production process to enable viable application on an industrial scale. The aims of the present study were to select a species of Candida that produces a biosurfactant with the greatest emulsifying potential and to investigate the influence of components of the production medium and cultivation conditions. Candida utilis achieved the lowest surface tension (35.53 mN/m), best emulsification index (73%), and highest yield (12.52 g/l) in a medium containing waste canola frying oil as the carbon source and ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source. The best combination of medium components and cultivation conditions was 6% (w/v) glucose, 6% (w/v) waste canola frying oil, 0.2% (w/v) ammonium nitrate, 0.3% (w/v) yeast extract, 150 rpm, 1% inoculum (w/v), and 88 h of fermentation. The greatest biosurfactant production and the lowest surface tension were achieved in the first 24 h of production, and the maximum biomass production was recorded at 72 h. The biosurfactant produced from C. utilis under the conditions investigated in the present study has a potential to be a bioemulsifier for application in the food industry.

  19. 78 FR 65212 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-31

    ... adopt and administer local floodplain management measures aimed at protecting lives and new construction... Relief and Emergency Assistance Act not in connection with a flood) may be provided for construction or...; November 6, 2013, Susp West Virginia: Parkersburg, City of, Wood 540214 July 1, 1974, ......* do Do. County...

  20. Crystallization and preliminary characterization of a highly thermostable lectin from Trichosanthes dioica and comparison with other Trichosanthes lectins

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dharkar, Poorva D.; Anuradha, P.; Gaikwad, Sushama M.

    2006-03-01

    A lectin from Trichosanthes dioica seeds has been purified and crystallized using 25%(w/v) PEG 2K MME, 0.2 M ammonium acetate, 0.1 M Tris–HCl pH 8.5 and 50 µl 0.5%(w/v) n-octyl β-d-glucopyranoside as thick needles belonging to hexagonal space group P6{sub 4}. A lectin from Trichosanthes dioica seeds has been purified and crystallized using 25%(w/v) PEG 2K MME, 0.2 M ammonium acetate, 0.1 M Tris–HCl pH 8.5 and 50 µl 0.5%(w/v) n-octyl β-d-glucopyranoside as thick needles belonging to hexagonal space group P6{sub 4}. Unit-cell parameters were a = b = 167.54, c = 77.42 Å. The crystals diffracted to a Braggmore » spacing of 2.8 Å. Both the structures of abrin-a and T. kirilowii lectin could be used as a model in structure determination using the molecular-replacement method; however, T. kirilowii lectin coordinates gave better values of reliability and correlation parameters. The thermal, chemical and pH stability of this lectin have also been studied. When heated, its haemagglutination activity remained unaffected up to 363 K. Other stability studies show that 4 M guanidinium hydrochloride (Gdn–HCl) initiates unfolding and that the protein is completely unfolded at 6 M Gdn–HCl. Treatment with urea resulted in a total loss of activity at higher concentrations of denaturant with no major structural changes. The protein remained stable over a wide pH range, from pH 6 to pH 12, except for partial unfolding at extremely alkaline pH. The role of disulfide bonds in the protein stability was found to be insignificant. Rayleigh light-scattering studies showed no molecular aggregation in any of the extreme treated conditions. The unusual stability of this lectin resembles that of type II ribosome-inactivating proteins (type II RIPs), which is also supported by structure determination. The structural features observed in a preliminary electron-density map were compared with the other two available Trichosanthes lectin structures.« less

  1. Characterization of biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica at the air-liquid interface in aquatic environments.

    PubMed

    Medrano-Félix, José Andrés; Chaidez, Cristóbal; Mena, Kristina D; Soto-Galindo, María Del Socorro; Castro-Del Campo, Nohelia

    2018-03-15

    Survival of bacterial pathogens in different environments is due, in part, to their ability to form biofilms. Four wild-type Salmonella enterica strains, two Oranienburg and two Saintpaul isolated from river water and animal feces, were tested for biofilm formation at the air-liquid interface under stressful conditions (pH and salinity treatments such as pH 3, NaCl 4.5 w/v; pH 7, NaCl 4.5 w/v; pH 10, NaCl 4.5 w/v; pH 3, Nacl 0.5 w/v; pH 7, NaCl 0.5 w/v; and pH 10, NaCl 0.5 w/v); Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 was used as a control strain. Salmonella Oranienburg and Saintpaul from feces were moderately hydrophobic and motile, while S. Saintpaul from water and the control strain S. Typhimurium showed high hydrophobicity, which helped them form more resistant biofilms than S. Oranienburg. Under stressful conditions, all strains experienced difficulties in forming biofilms. Salmonella Saintpaul and Typhimurium expressed the red dry and rough (RDAR) morphotype and were able to form biofilm at air-liquid interface, contrarily to Oranienburg that showed incomplete rough morphology. This study contributes to the knowledge of biofilm formation as a survival strategy for Salmonella in aquatic environments.

  2. A xyloglucan from seeds of the native Brazilian species Hymenaea courbaril for micropropagation of Marubakaido and Jonagored apples.

    PubMed

    Lima-Nishimura, N; Quoirin, M; Naddaf, Y G; Wilhelm, H M; Ribas, L L F; Sierakowski, M-R

    2003-01-01

    Xyloglucan was extracted from seeds of Hymenaea courbaril and mixed with agar to prepare a solid culture medium used for micropropagation of the Marubakaido apple rootstock (Malus prunifolia Borkh) and cv. Jonagored (Malus domestica). The performance on gels created from a blend of 0.4%agar and 0.2% xyloglucan (w/v) was compared with that on media gelled with a standard concentration 0.6% (w/v) of agar. The growth of shoots and the multiplication rate were higher on the modified culture medium than on the agar-gelled medium. The occurrence of hyperhydric shoots was lower on the modified medium. In the absence of auxin, shoot rooting reached 70% (Marubakaido) and 66% (Jonagored) on the agar-xyloglucan medium and 6.7% and 10.4%, respectively, on the agar medium. When 0.25 microM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was added to both media, the modified medium gave better results in terms of rooting percentage and quality of roots than the agar-gelled medium.

  3. A novel fed-batch based strategy for enhancing cell-density and recombinant cyprosin B production in bioreactors.

    PubMed

    Sampaio, P N; Pais, M S; Fonseca, L P

    2014-12-01

    Nowadays, the dairy industry is continuously looking for new and more efficient clotting enzymes to create innovative products. Cyprosin B is a plant aspartic protease characterized by clotting activity that was previously cloned in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJ1991 strain. The production of recombinant cyprosin B by a batch and fed-batch culture was compared using glucose and galactose as carbon sources. The strategy for fed-batch cultivation involved two steps: in the first batch phase, the culture medium presented glucose 1 % (w/v) and galactose 0.5 % (w/v), while in the feed step the culture medium was constituted by 5 % (w/v) galactose with the aim to minimize the GAL7 promoter repression. Based on fed-batch, in comparison to batch growth, an increase in biomass (6.6-fold), protein concentration (59 %) and cyprosin B activity (91 %) was achieved. The recombinant cyprosin B was purified by a single hydrophobic chromatography, presenting a specific activity of 6 × 10(4) U·mg(-1), corresponding to a purification degree of 12.5-fold and a recovery yield of 16.4 %. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed that recovery procedure is suitable for achieving the purified recombinant cyprosin B. The results show that the recombinant cyprosin B production can be improved based on two distinct steps during the fed-batch, presenting that this strategy, associated with a simplified purification procedure, could be applied to large-scale production, constituting a new and efficient alternative for animal and fungal enzymes widely used in cheese making.

  4. Coconut oil induced production of a surfactant-compatible lipase from Aspergillus tamarii under submerged fermentation.

    PubMed

    Das, Arijit; Bhattacharya, Sourav; Shivakumar, Srividya; Shakya, Sujina; Sogane, Swathi Shankar

    2017-02-01

    Filamentous fungi are efficient producers of lipases. The present study focuses on identification of a potent lipolytic fungus and enhancement of lipase production through optimization of nutritional and cultural conditions under submerged fermentation. Molecular characterization of the fungus by 18S rDNA sequencing revealed its identity as Aspergillus tamarii with 98% homology. Maximum lipase production was noted in mineral salts medium supplemented with coconut oil (2.5%, v/v). A combination of ammonium chloride (2%, w/v) and tryptone (2%, w/v) facilitated maximum lipase production at pH 5 of the production medium. A carbon: nitrogen ratio of 1:4 led to significant (p < 0.00008) increase in the enzyme production in the presence of surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (0.5%, w/v). Maximum lipase activity (2,32,500 ± 192 U/ml/min) was recorded after 7 days of incubation at 25 °C on a rotary shaker at 120 rpm. A 9.8-fold increase in lipase activity was recorded after optimization of the process parameters. Addition of crude lipase enhanced the oil stain removal activity of a commercially available detergent by 2.2-fold. The current findings suggest the potentiality of this fungal lipase to be used in detergent formulation. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  5. 36 CFR Appendix B to Part 72 - List of Eligible Jurisdictions

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Jersey East Providence, Rhode Island East St. Louis, Illinois Easton, Pennsylvania Edinburg, Texas El... Jackson, Mississippi Jackson, Tennessee Jacksonville, Florida Jersey City, New Jersey Johnson City... Parkersburg, West Virginia Pasco, Washington Passaic, New Jersey Paterson, New Jersey Pawtucket, Rhode Island...

  6. 36 CFR Appendix B to Part 72 - List of Eligible Jurisdictions

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Jersey East Providence, Rhode Island East St. Louis, Illinois Easton, Pennsylvania Edinburg, Texas El... Jackson, Mississippi Jackson, Tennessee Jacksonville, Florida Jersey City, New Jersey Johnson City... Parkersburg, West Virginia Pasco, Washington Passaic, New Jersey Paterson, New Jersey Pawtucket, Rhode Island...

  7. 36 CFR Appendix B to Part 72 - List of Eligible Jurisdictions

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Jersey East Providence, Rhode Island East St. Louis, Illinois Easton, Pennsylvania Edinburg, Texas El... Jackson, Mississippi Jackson, Tennessee Jacksonville, Florida Jersey City, New Jersey Johnson City... Parkersburg, West Virginia Pasco, Washington Passaic, New Jersey Paterson, New Jersey Pawtucket, Rhode Island...

  8. 36 CFR Appendix B to Part 72 - List of Eligible Jurisdictions

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Jersey East Providence, Rhode Island East St. Louis, Illinois Easton, Pennsylvania Edinburg, Texas El... Jackson, Mississippi Jackson, Tennessee Jacksonville, Florida Jersey City, New Jersey Johnson City... Parkersburg, West Virginia Pasco, Washington Passaic, New Jersey Paterson, New Jersey Pawtucket, Rhode Island...

  9. 36 CFR Appendix B to Part 72 - List of Eligible Jurisdictions

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Jersey East Providence, Rhode Island East St. Louis, Illinois Easton, Pennsylvania Edinburg, Texas El... Jackson, Mississippi Jackson, Tennessee Jacksonville, Florida Jersey City, New Jersey Johnson City... Parkersburg, West Virginia Pasco, Washington Passaic, New Jersey Paterson, New Jersey Pawtucket, Rhode Island...

  10. Synthesis, optimization and structural characterization of a chitosan-glucose derivative obtained by the Maillard reaction.

    PubMed

    Gullón, Beatriz; Montenegro, María I; Ruiz-Matute, Ana I; Cardelle-Cobas, Alejandra; Corzo, Nieves; Pintado, Manuela E

    2016-02-10

    Chitosan (Chit) was submitted to the Maillard reaction (MR) by co-heating a solution with glucose (Glc). Different reaction conditions as temperature (40, 60 and 80 °C), Glc concentration (0.5%, 1%, and 2%, w/v), and reaction time (72, 52 and 24h) were evaluated. Assessment of the reaction extent was monitored by measuring changes in UV absorbance, browning and fluorescence. Under the best conditions, 2% (w/v) of Chit, 2% (w/v) of Glc at 60°C and 32 h of reaction time, a chitosan-glucose (Chit-Glc) derivative was purified and submitted to structural characterization to confirm its formation. Analysis of its molecular weight (MW) and the degree of substitution (DS) was carried out by HPLC-Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) and a colloid titration method, respectively. FT-IR and (1)H NMR were also used to analyze the functional groups and evaluate the introduction of Glc into the Chit molecule. According to our objectives, the results obtained in this work allowed to better understand the key parameters influencing the MR with Chit as well as to confirm the successful introduction of Glc into the Chit molecule obtaining a Chit-Glc derivative with a DS of 64.76 ± 4.40% and a MW of 210.37 kDa. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Trehalose accumulation from corn starch by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11 during 2-l fermentation and trehalose purification.

    PubMed

    Chi, Zhe; Wang, Ji-Ming; Chi, Zhen-Ming; Ye, Fang

    2010-01-01

    In this study, corn starch was used as the substrate for cell growth and trehalose accumulation by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera A11. Effect of different aeration rates, agitation speeds, and concentrations of corn starch on direct conversion of corn starch to trehalose by S. fibuligera A11 were examined using a Biostat B2 2-l fermentor. We found that the optimal conditions for direct conversion of corn starch to trehalose by this yeast strain were that agitation speed was 200 rpm, aeration rate was 4.0 l/min, concentration of corn starch was 2.0% (w/v), initial pH was 5.5, fermentation temperature was 30 degrees C. Under these conditions, over 22.9 g of trehalose per 100 g of cell dry weight was accumulated in the yeast cells, cell mass was 15.2 g/l of the fermentation medium, 0.12% (w/v) of reducing sugar, and 0.21% (w/v) of total sugar were left in the fermented medium within 48 h of the fermentation. It was found that trehalose in the yeast cells could be efficiently extracted by the hot distilled water (80 degrees C). After isolation and purification, the crystal trehalose was obtained from the extract of the cells.

  12. Neural Network Autopilot System for a Mathematical Model of the Boeing 747

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-08-04

    the NASA/Aurora Theseus ", Thesis WVU MAE Dept., Morgantown, WV, June 1996. [9] Napolitano, M.R., Neppach, C, Casdorph, V., Naylor, S. "On-Line...Validation Schemes for Implementation on the NASA/Aurora Theseus ", Thesis WVU MAE Dept., Morgantown, WV, June 1996. [9] Napolitano, M.R., Neppach, C...Schemes for Implementation on the NASA/Aurora Theseus ", Thesis WVU MAE Dept., Morgantown, WV, June 1996. [9] Napolitano, M.R., Neppach, C, Casdorph, V

  13. Case Study: Effect of Handrim Diameter on Performance in a Paralympic Wheelchair Athlete

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Costa, Gabriel Brizuela; Rubio, Miguel Polo; Belloch, Salvador Llana; Soriano, Pedro Perez

    2009-01-01

    This study, with a top T-52 class athlete, determines the relationship between stroke frequency (SF) and push time (PT) and wheelchair velocity (Wv) using different handrim diameters (HD) and the effect of different HDs on the athlete's heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (LACT) at competition speeds. Wv shows a linear-direct relationship with SF…

  14. Characterization of Alicyclobacillus disufldooxidans HIB4 Isolated from an Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Plant

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Suto, Koichi; Joe, Seong Jin; Inoue, Chihiro; Chida, Tadashi

    2006-05-01

    A heterotrophic bacterium, designated as HIB4, having an ability to oxidize ferrous iron was isolated from the sample of an enrichment culture with 9K medium, by using the modified WAYE (washed agarose/yeast extract) medium with ferrous sulphate. This isolate was identified as Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans from 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The isolate grew and oxidized ferrous iron in an inorganic medium containing 0.02 % (w/v) of yeast extract and Ferrous iron oxidation occurred at the almost end of its logarithmic phase. Yeast extract was an essential substrate for the isolate because the isolate could not grow or oxidize ferrous iron without yeast extract. However, higher concentration of yeast extract inhibited the growth of the isolate. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the isolate was able to grow without ferrous ion so that it did not get any energy by ferrous ion oxidation. Its optimum concentration of yeast extract was 0.02% (w/v) at the concentration of ferrous ion 0.08mol/liter. Its optimum pH was 1.5 and the optimum temperature was 30 °C These physiological characteristics were completely different from A. disulfidooxidans SD-11 which is the type strain.

  15. Model Programs: Childhood Education. Project PLAN.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    American Institutes for Research in the Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, CA.

    This booklet is one of 34 in a series of programs on childhood education prepared for the White House Conference on Children. In Parkersburg, West Virginia, Project PLAN (Program for Learning in Accordance with Needs) offers an individualized instructional system designed to enable each student to progress at his own rate, using the learning…

  16. Development of a Mouse Model of Menopausal Ovarian Cancer

    PubMed Central

    Smith, Elizabeth R.; Wang, Ying; Xu, Xiang-Xi

    2014-01-01

    Despite significant understanding of the genetic mutations involved in ovarian epithelial cancer and advances in genomic approaches for expression and mutation profiling of tumor tissues, several key questions in ovarian cancer biology remain enigmatic: the mechanism for the well-established impact of reproductive factors on ovarian cancer risk remains obscure; cell of origin of ovarian cancer continue to be debated; and the precursor lesion, sequence, or events in progression remain to be defined. Suitable mouse models should complement the analysis of human tumor tissues and may provide clues to these questions currently perplexing ovarian cancer biology. A potentially useful model is the germ cell-deficient Wv (white spotting variant) mutant mouse line, which may be used to study the impact of menopausal physiology on the increased risk of ovarian cancer. The Wv mice harbor a point mutation in c-Kit that reduces the receptor tyrosine kinase activity to about 1–5% (it is not a null mutation). Homozygous Wv mutant females have a reduced ovarian germ cell reservoir at birth and the follicles are rapidly depleted upon reaching reproductive maturity, but other biological phenotypes are minimal and the mice have a normal life span. The loss of ovarian function precipitates changes in hormonal and metabolic activity that model features of menopause in humans. As a consequence of follicle depletion, the Wv ovaries develop ovarian tubular adenomas, a benign epithelial tumor corresponding to surface epithelial invaginations and papillomatosis that mark human ovarian aging. Ongoing work will test the possibility of converting the benign epithelial tubular adenomas into neoplastic tumors by addition of an oncogenic mutation, such as of Tp53, to model the genotype and biology of serous ovarian cancer. Model based on the Wv mice may have the potential to gain biological and etiological insights into ovarian cancer development and prevention. PMID:24616881

  17. Woodbridge RAF United Kingdom. Revised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO). Parts A-F.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-03-07

    GLOcAL CLIMATOLOY 4PANCH uoAFETAC CEILING VERSUS VISIBILITY AIP WEATHER SERVIC[/PAC 6 !� .0ODB8RI)E RAF UK _"_-_ " ___ .-8’ PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF...OSIVATIONWS A USAF ETAC 0. . -14.5(OL A) owvo I wv s op wpwm i -- GLOCAL CLIMATOLOGY RRANCH AT CEILING VERSUS VISIBILITYA’.P WEATHr SERVICE/MAC 7 .951

  18. Assembly of flammutoxin, a cytolytic protein from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, into a pore-forming ring-shaped oligomer on the target cell.

    PubMed

    Tomita, T; Ishikawa, D; Noguchi, T; Katayama, E; Hashimoto, Y

    1998-07-01

    Flammutoxin has been previously isolated as a cardiotoxic and cytolytic polypeptide of 22 or 32 kDa from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes. In the present study, we purified flammutoxin as a single haemolytic protein of 31 kDa and studied the mode of its cytolytic action. (1) Flammutoxin caused efflux of potassium ions from human erythrocytes and swelling of the cells before haemolysis. (2) Flammutoxin did not lyse human erythrocytes in the presence of non-electrolytes with hydrodynamic diameters of >5.0 nm, although it caused leakage of potassium ions and swelling of the cells under the same conditions. (3) Experiments including solubilization of cell-bound toxin with 2% (w/v) SDS at 20 degrees C and subsequent Western immunoblots showed that flammutoxin formed a band corresponding to 180 kDa under the conditions where it lysed erythrocytes. (4) Electron microscopy of flammutoxin-treated human erythrocytes revealed the presence of a ring-shaped structure with outer and inner diameters of 10 and 5 nm, respectively, on the cells. (5) A ring-shaped toxin oligomer of the same dimensions was solubilized from the toxin-treated human erythrocytes with 2% (w/v) SDS at 20 degrees C and isolated by a sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation. These data indicated that flammutoxin assembles into a ring-shaped oligomer possessing a hydrophilic pore of 4-5 nm on target cells.

  19. Evaluation of 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) in a combined irritancy and Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) in mice.

    PubMed

    Johnson, Victor J; Auerbach, Scott S; Luster, Michael I; Waidyanatha, Suramya; Masten, Scott A; Wolfe, Mary S; Burleson, Florence G; Burleson, Gary R; Germolec, Dori R

    2017-07-01

    4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) is a flotation reagent used in fine coal beneficiation. On January 9, 2014, crude MCHM, a mixture containing predominantly MCHM, was inadvertently released into the Elk River, a municipal water source that serves about 300,000 people in the Charleston, WV area, resulting in temporary contamination of 15 percent of the state's tap water and causing significant dermal exposure. The current studies were undertaken to determine whether crude MCHM or MCHM has the potential to produce dermal irritancy and/or sensitization. BALB/c female mice were treated daily for 3 consecutive days by direct epicutaneous application of 25 μL of various concentrations of crude MCHM or MCHM to the dorsum of each ear. A mouse ear-swelling test was used to determine irritancy potential and was undertaken in combination with the standardized Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) to determine skin sensitizing potential. MCHM was found to produce skin irritation at concentrations above 20% and did not produce sensitization. Crude MCHM also produced irritation, although weaker, and in addition was found to be a weak to moderate skin sensitizer. The results are discussed in terms of potential human health hazard. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. 76 FR 79539 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West Virginia; Revised Motor...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-22

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 52 [FDMS Docket No. EPA-R03-OAR-2011-0511; FRL-9609-1... Maintenance Areas; Correction AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Direct final rule..., Parkersburg, Weirton, and Wheeling 8-hour ozone maintenance areas. The previous rulemaking amended the...

  1. Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen transformations in nitrogen-saturated soils of a central Appalachian hardwood forest

    Treesearch

    Frank S. Gilliam; Bradley M. Yurish; Mary Beth Adams

    2001-01-01

    We studied temporal and spatial patterns of soil nitrogen (N) dynamics from 1993 to 1995 in three watersheds of Fernow Experimental Forest, W.V.: WS7 (24-year-old, untreated); WS4 (mature, untreated); and WS3 (24- year-old, treated with (NH4)2SO4 since 1989 at the rate of 35 kg N·ha–1...

  2. A method for determination of [Fe3+]/[Fe2+] ratio in superparamagnetic iron oxide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jiang, Changzhao; Yang, Siyu; Gan, Neng; Pan, Hongchun; Liu, Hong

    2017-10-01

    Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), as a kind of nanophase materials, are widely used in biomedical application, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery, and magnetic field assisted therapy. The magnetic property of SPION has close connection with its crystal structure, namely it is related to the ratio of Fe3+ and Fe2+ which form the SPION. So a simple way to determine the content of the Fe3+ and Fe2+ is important for researching the property of SPION. This review covers a method for determination of the Fe3+ and Fe2+ ratio in SPION by UV-vis spectrophotometry based the reaction of Fe2+ and 1,10-phenanthroline. The standard curve of Fe with R2 = 0.9999 is used for determination the content of Fe2+ and total iron with 2.5 mL 0.01% (w/v) SPION digested by HCl, pH = 4.30 HOAc-NaAc buffer 10 mL, 0.01% (w/v) 1,10-phenanthroline 5 mL and 10% (w/v) ascorbic acid 1 mL for total iron determine independently. But the presence of Fe3+ interfere with obtaining the actual value of Fe2+ (the error close to 9%). We designed a calibration curve to eliminate the error by devising a series of solution of different ratio of [Fe3+]/[Fe2+], and obtain the calibration curve. Through the calibration curve, the error between the measured value and the actual value can be reduced to 0.4%. The R2 of linearity of the method is 0.99441 and 0.99929 for Fe2+ and total iron respectively. The error of accuracy of recovery and precision of inter-day and intra-day are both lower than 2%, which can prove the reliability of the determination method.

  3. Isolation of a thermophilic and halophilic tyrosol-degrading Geobacillus from a Tunisian high-temperature oil field.

    PubMed

    Chamkha, Mohamed; Mnif, Sami; Sayadi, Sami

    2008-06-01

    An aerobic, thermophilic, halotolerant and Gram-positive bacterium, designated strain C5, was isolated from a high-temperature oil field, located in Sfax, Tunisia, after enrichment on tyrosol. Strain C5 grew between 25 and 70 degrees C and optimally at 50 degrees C. It grew in the presence of 0-12% (w/v) NaCl, with optimum growth at 3% (w/v) NaCl. Strain C5 was able to degrade tyrosol aerobically, in the presence of 30 g L(-1) NaCl and under warm conditions (55 degrees C). The degradation of tyrosol proceeded via p-hydroxyphenylacetic and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acids. The products were confirmed by HPLC and GC-MS analyses. Strain C5 was also found to degrde a wide range of other aromatic compounds, including benzoic, p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, vanillic, p-hydroxyphenylacetic, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic, cinnamic and ferulic acids, phenol and m-cresol. Moreover, strain C5 was grown on diesel and crude oil as sole carbon and energy sources. Strain C5 was also able to utilize several carbohydrates. Phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain C5 revealed that it was related to members of the genus Geobacillus, being most closely related to the type strain of G. pallidus (99% sequence similarity). In addition, we report on growth of the type strain of G. pallidus on different aromatic compounds and hydrocarbons.

  4. On the ability of RegCM4 to simulate surface solar radiation patterns over Europe: An assessment using satellite-based observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Alexandri, Georgia; Georgoulias, Aristeidis K.; Zanis, Prodromos; Tsikerdekis, Athanasios; Katragkou, Eleni; Kourtidis, Konstantinos; Meleti, Charikleia

    2015-04-01

    We assess here the ability of RegCM4 to simulate the surface solar radiation (SSR) patterns over the European domain. For the needs of this work, a decadal (1999-2009) simulation was implemented at a horizontal resolution of 50km using the first year as a spin-up. The model is driven by emissions from CMIP5 while ERA-interim data were used as lateral boundary conditions. The RegCM4 SSR fields were validated against satellite-based SSR observations from Meteosat First Generation (MFG) and Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) sensors (CM SAF SIS product). The RegCM4 simulations slightly overestimate SSR compared to CM SAF over Europe with the bias being +1.54% in case of MFG (2000-2005) and +3.34% in case of MSG (2006-2009). SSR from RegCM4 is much closer to SSR from CM SAF over land (bias of -1.59% for MFG and +0.66% for MSG) than over ocean (bias of +7.20% for MFG and 8.07% for MSG). In order to understand the reasons of this bias, we proceeded to a detailed assessment of various parameters that define the SSR levels (cloud fractional cover - CFC, cloud optical thickness - COT, cloud droplet effective radius - Re, aerosol optical thickness - AOD, asymmetry factor - ASY, single scattering albedo - SSA, water vapor - WV and surface albedo - ALB). We validated the simulated CFC, COT and Re from RegCM4 against satellite-based observations from MSG and we found that RegCM4 significantly underestimates CFC and Re, and overestimates COT over Europe. The aerosol-related parameters from RegCM4 were compared with values from the aerosol climatology taken into account within CM SAF SSR estimates. AOD is significantly underestimated in our simulations which leads to a positive SSR bias. The RegCM4 WV and ALB were compared with WV values from ERA-interim and ALB climatological observations from CERES which are also taken into account within CM SAF SSR estimates. Finally, with the use of a radiative transfer model (SBDART) we manage to quantify the relative contribution of each of

  5. Capability of Thai Mission grass (Pennisetum polystachyon) as a new weedy lignocellulosic feedstock for production of monomeric sugar.

    PubMed

    Tatijarern, Patomwat; Prasertwasu, Sirirat; Komalwanich, Tidarat; Chaisuwan, Thanyalak; Luengnaruemitchai, Apanee; Wongkasemjit, Sujitra

    2013-09-01

    Mission grass (Pennisetum polystachyon) grown in Pakchong District, Nakornratchasima Province, Thailand, with high cellulose and hemicellulose contents were harvested to determine the fermentable monomeric sugars for bioethanol production by two-stage microwave/chemical pretreatment process. Microwave-assisted NaOH pretreatment effectively removed approximately 85% lignin content in Mission grass, using 3% (w/v) NaOH, 15:1 liquid-to-solid ratio (LSR) at 120 °C temperatures for 10 min. As a result, in the second stage, microwave-assisted H2SO4 pretreatment of an alkaline-pretreated Mission grass solid releasedan impressively high fermentable sugar content (34.3±1.3 g per 100 g of dried biomass), consisting mainly of 31.1±0.8 g of glucose per 100 g of dried biomass, using 1% (w/v) H2SO4, 15:1 LSR at 200 °C temperature for a very short pretreatment time (5 min). The total monomeric sugar yield obtained via two-stage microwave/chemical process was 40.9 g per 100 g of dried biomass. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Utilization of methanol in crude glycerol to assist lipid production in non-sterilized fermentation from Trichosporon oleaginosus.

    PubMed

    Chen, Jiaxin; Zhang, Xiaolei; Tyagi, Rajeshwar Dayal; Drogui, Patrick

    2018-04-01

    In this work, methanol in crude glycerol solution was used to assist the lipid production with oleaginous yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus cultivated under non-sterilized conditions. The investigated methanol concentration was 0%, 1.4%, 2.2%, 3.3% and 4.4% (w/v). The results showed that methanol played a significant role in the non-sterilized fermentation for lipid production. The optimal methanol concentration was around 1.4% (w/v) in which the growth of T. oleaginosus was promoted and overcame that of the contaminants. The non-sterilized fed-batch fermentation with initial methanol concentration of 1.4% (w/v) was then performed and high biomass production (43.39 g/L) and lipid production (20.42 g/L) were achieved. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. A simplified approach to the determination of N-nitroso glyphosate in technical glyphosate using HPLC with post-derivatization and colorimetric detection.

    PubMed

    Kim, Manuela; Stripeikis, Jorge; Iñón, Fernando; Tudino, Mabel

    2007-05-15

    A simple and sensitive HPLC post-derivatization method with colorimetric detection has been developed for the determination of N-nitroso glyphosate in samples of technical glyphosate. Separation of the analyte was accomplished using an anionic exchange resin (2.50mmx4.00mm i.d., 15mum particle size, functional group: quaternary ammonium salt) with Na(2)SO(4) 0.0075M (pH 11.5) (flow rate: 1.0mLmin(-1)) as mobile phase. After separation, the eluate was derivatized with a colorimetric reagent containing sulfanilamide 0.3% (w/v), [N-(1-naphtil)ethilendiamine] 0.03% (w/v) and HCl 4.5M in a thermostatized bath at 95 degrees C. Detection was performed at 546nm. All stages of the analytical procedure were optimized taking into account the concept of analytical minimalism: less operation times and costs; lower sample, reagents and energy consumption and minimal waste. The limit of detection (k=3) calculated for 10 blank replicates was 0.04mgL(-1) (0.8mgkg(-1)) in the solid sample which is lower than the maximum tolerable accepted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

  8. A novel pH-dependant and double crosslinked polymethacrylate-based polysphere matrix for enteric delivery of isoniazid.

    PubMed

    Cooppan, Shivaan; Choonara, Yahya E; du Toit, Lisa C; Ndesendo, Valence M K; Kumar, Pradeep; Pillay, Viness

    2013-01-01

    This study aimed at developing double crosslinked isoniazid (INH)-loaded polymethyl-methacrylate-ethylcellulose (PMMA-EC) polyspheres for rate-controlled enteric drug delivery. A PMMA solution was manipulated with the addition of EC to produce polyspheres by drop-wise extrusion into a primary crosslinking solution of AlCl3 (25% w/v), before adding a second crosslinking solution of either 30% w/v BaCl2 (polysphere Batch A) or 30% w/v MgCl2 (polysphere Batch B). The polyspheres were then subjected to FTIR spectroscopic analysis, in vitro drug release studies, drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) determination as well as surface area and porositometric investigations. Molecular Mechanics (MM) simulations elucidated the interaction between the cations and the PMMA-EC combination. FTIR spectra revealed an affinity of PMMA for Ba(2+), Mg(2+) and Al(3+). SEM showed smooth robust polyspheres ranging between 4-6 mm. Porositometric analysis established that polysphere Batch A had larger pores (315.314 Åabs) than Batch B (234.603 Åabs). Drug release profiles from polysphere Batch A displayed burst release with 50% INH released within 2 h (N = 3) that was attributable to the larger ionic radius of the second crosslinker Ba(2+) compared Mg(2+) which was employed for polysphere Batch B. The latter produced polyspheres with superior control in INH release (<25% within 2 h) (N = 3) and a higher DEE with minimal pore formation. The experimental findings were well corroborated by the MM simulations.

  9. Developing a Dissemination Model to Improve Intervention Reach among West Virginia Youth Smokers

    PubMed Central

    Horn, Kimberly; Jarrett, Traci; Anesetti-Rothermel, Andrew; O’Hara Tompkins, Nancy; Dino, Geri

    2014-01-01

    The not-on-tobacco program is an evidence-based teen smoking cessation program adopted by the American Lung Association (ALA). Although widely disseminated nationally via ALA Master Trainers, in recent years, adoption and implementation of the N-O-T program in West Virginia (WV) has slowed. WV, unfortunately, has one of the highest smoking rates in the US. Although it is a goal of public health science, dissemination of evidence-based interventions is woefully understudied. The present manuscript reviews a theoretical model of dissemination of the not-on-tobacco program in WV. Based on social marketing, diffusion of innovations, and social cognitive theories, the nine-phase model incorporates elements of infrastructure development, accountability, training, delivery, incentives, and communication. The model components as well as preliminary lessons learned from initial implementation are discussed. PMID:25136547

  10. Hyperproduction of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis ER15 in the presence of high salt concentration.

    PubMed

    Bindal, Shruti; Gupta, Rani

    2017-02-07

    Microbial γ-glutamyl transpeptidases (GGTs) have been exploited in biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and food sectors for the synthesis of various γ-glutamyl compounds. But, till date, no bacterial GGTs are commercially available in the market because of lower levels of production from various sources. In the current study, production of GGT from Bacillus licheniformis ER15 was investigated to achieve high GGT titers. Hyperproduction of GGT from B. licheniformis ER15 was achieved with 6.4-fold enhancement (7921.2 ± 198.7 U/L) by optimization of culture medium following one-variable-at-a-time strategy and statistical approaches. Medium consisting of Na 2 HPO 4 : 0.32% (w/v); KH 2 PO 4 : 0.15% (w/v); starch: 0.1% (w/v); soybean meal: 0.5% (w/v); NaCl: 4.0% (w/v), and MgCl 2 : 5 mM was found to be optimal for maximum GGT titers. Maximum GGT titers were obtained, in the optimized medium at 37°C and 200 rpm, after 40 h. It was noteworthy that GGT production was a linear function of sodium chloride concentration, as observed during response surface methodology. While investigating the role of NaCl on GGT production, it was found that NaCl drastically decreased subtilisin concentration and indirectly increasing GGT recovery. B. licheniformis ER15 is proved to be a potential candidate for large-scale production of GGT enzyme and its commercialization.

  11. 76 FR 57013 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West Virginia; Revised Motor...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-15

    ... Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West Virginia; Revised Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets for the... Implementation Plan (SIP) revision submitted by the State of West Virginia for the purpose of amending the 8-hour ozone maintenance plan for the Charleston, Huntington, Parkersburg, Weirton, and Wheeling 8-hour ozone...

  12. Use of soybean vinasses as a germinant medium for a Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 7953 sterilization biological indicator.

    PubMed

    Dlugokenski, Regina E F; Sella, Sandra R B R; Guizelini, Belquis P; Vandenberghe, Luciana P S; Woiciechowski, Adenise L; Soccol, Carlos R; Minozzo, João C

    2011-04-01

    A novel low-cost medium was developed from by-products and wastes from the ethanol agro-industry to replace commercial media in the production of a steam sterilization biological indicator (BI). Various recovery media were developed using soybean or sugarcane molasses and vinasse to prepare a self-contained BI. Media performance was evaluated by viability and heat resistance (D(121 °C) value) according to regulatory standards. A medium produced with a soybean vinasse ratio of 1:70 (1.4%) (w/v) produced the results, with D(121 °C)=2.9±0.5 min and Usk=12.7±2.1 min. The addition of 0.8% (w/v) yeast extract improved the germination of heat-damaged spores. The pH variation from 6.0 to 7.3 resulted in a gradual increase in the D(121 °C) value. The absence of calcium chloride resulted in a decrease in germination, while no significant differences were observed with starch addition. Soybean vinasses may thus be used as the main component of a culture medium to substitute for commercial media in the production of self-contained biological indicators. The use of ethanol production waste in this biotechnological process realized a reliable performance, minimized the environmental impact, and decreased BI production costs while producing a high quality product. © Springer-Verlag 2011

  13. Wake modeling in complex terrain using a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian Split Solver

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fuchs, Franz G.; Rasheed, Adil; Tabib, Mandar; Fonn, Eivind

    2016-09-01

    Wake vortices (WVs) generated by aircraft are a source of risk to the following aircraft. The probability of WV related accidents increases in the vicinity of airport runways due to the shorter time of recovery after a WV encounter. Hence, solutions that can reduce the risk of WV encounters are needed to ensure increased flight safety. In this work we propose an interesting approach to model such wake vortices in real time using a hybrid Eulerian- Lagrangian approach. We derive an appropriate mathematical model, and show a comparison of the different types of solvers. We will conclude with a real life application of the methodology by simulating how wake vortices left behind by an aircraft at the Vffirnes airport in Norway get transported and decay under the influence of a background wind and turbulence field. Although the work demonstrates the application in an aviation context the same approach can be used in a wind energy context.

  14. Bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells and peritoneal mast cells as targets of a growth activity secreted by BALB/3T3 fibroblasts

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jozaki, K.; Kuriu, A.; Hirota, S.

    1991-03-01

    When fibroblast cell lines were cultured in contact with bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (CMC), both NIH/3T3 and BALB/3T3 cell lines supported the proliferation of CMC. In contrast, when contact between fibroblasts and CMC was prohibited by Biopore membranes or soft agar, only BALB/3T3 fibroblasts supported CMC proliferation, suggesting that BALB/3T3 but not NIH/3T3 cells secreted a significant amount of a mast cell growth activity. Moreover, the BALB/3T3-derived growth activity induced the incorporation of (3H)thymidine by CMC and the clonal growth of peritoneal mast cells in methylcellulose. The mast cell growth activity appeared to be different from interleukin 3 (IL-3)more » and interleukin 4 (IL-4), because mRNAs for these interleukins were not detectable in BALB/3T3 fibroblasts. Although mast cells are genetically deficient in tissues of W/Wv mice, CMC did develop when bone marrow cells of W/Wv mice were cultured with pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell-conditioned medium. Because BALB/3T3 fibroblast-conditioned medium (BALB-FCM) did not induce the incorporation of (3H)thymidine by W/Wv CMC, the growth activity in BALB-FCM appeared to be a ligand for the receptor encoded by the W (c-kit) locus. Because CMC and peritoneal mast cells are obtained as homogeneous suspensions rather easily, these cells may be potentially useful as targets for the fibroblast-derived mast cell growth activity.« less

  15. Long-term biological hydrogen production by agar immobilized Rhodobacter capsulatus in a sequential batch photobioreactor.

    PubMed

    Elkahlout, Kamal; Alipour, Siamak; Eroglu, Inci; Gunduz, Ufuk; Yucel, Meral

    2017-04-01

    In this study, agar immobilization technique was employed for biological hydrogen production using Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM 1710 (wild type) and YO3 (hup-mutant) strains in sequential batch process. Different agar and glutamate concentrations were tested with defined nutrient medium. Agar concentration 4% (w/v) and 4 mM glutamate were selected for bacterial immobilization in terms of rate and longevity of hydrogen production. Acetate concentration was increased from 40 to 60-100 and 60 mM gave best results with both bacterial strains immobilized in 4% (w/v) agar. Cell concentration was increased from 2.5 to 5 mg dcw mL -1 agar and it was found that increasing cell concentration of wild-type strain caused decrease in yield and productivity while these parameters improved by increasing cell concentration of mutant strain. Also, the hydrogen production time has extended from 17 days up to 60 days according to the process conditions and parameters. Hydrogen production by immobilized photosynthetic bacteria is a convenient technology for hydrogen production as it enables to produce hydrogen with high organic acid concentrations comparing to suspended cultures. Besides, immobilization increases the stability of the system and allowed sequential batch operation for long-term application.

  16. Heavy metal staining, a comparative assessment of gadolinium chloride and osmium tetroxide for inner ear labyrinthine contrast enhancement using X-ray microtomography.

    PubMed

    Wong, Christopher C; Curthoys, Ian S; O'Leary, Stephen J; Jones, Allan S

    2013-01-01

    The use of both gadolinium chloride (GdCl(3)) and osmium tetroxide (OsO(4)) allowed for the visualization of the membranous labyrinth and other intralabyrinthine structures, at different intensities, as compared with the control sample. This initial comparison shows the advantages of GdCl(3) in radiological assessments and OsO(4) in more detailed anatomical studies and pathways of labyrinthine pathogenesis using X-ray microtomography (microCT). To assess an improved OsO(4) staining protocol and compare the staining affinities against GdCl(3). Guinea pig temporal bones were stained with either GdCl(3) (2% w/v) for 7 days or OsO(4) (2% w/v) for 3 days, and scanned in a microCT system. The post-scanned datasets were then assessed in a 3D rendering program. The enhanced soft tissue contrast as presented in the temporal bones stained with either GdCl(3) or OsO(4) allowed for the membranous labyrinth to be visualized throughout the whole specimen. GdCl(3)-stained specimens presented more defined contours of the bone profile in the radiographs, while OsO(4)-stained specimens provided more anatomical detail of individual intralabyrinthine structures, hence allowing spatial relationships to be visualized with ease in a 3D rendering context and 2D axial slice images.

  17. 31 CFR 361.7 - Report of loss, destruction or damage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT CLAIMS PURSUANT TO THE GOVERNMENT... the Bureau of the Public Debt, Division of Financial Management, Room 201, P. O. Box 1328, Parkersburg...,000 or if delay in reporting is likely to delay the Government in recovering such valuables, the...

  18. Glucose-6-phosphate Reduces Calcium Accumulation in Rat Brain Endoplasmic Reticulum

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-04-01

    Ekman and Jager, 1993) adapted from the ammonium molybdate/ malachite green method quan- tified Pi production by SERCA activity. Colorimetric reagent was...prepared by mixing one volume of 10% (w/v) (NH4)6Mo7O24– 4 H2O in 4M HCl with three volumes of 0.2% (w/v) malachite green in 4M HCl, followed by...seryl and threonyl residues in phosphoproteins using alkaline hydrolysis and malachite green. Anal. Biochem. 214, 138. Fulceri, R., Romani, A

  19. Chitosan-HPMC-blended microspheres as a vaccine carrier for the delivery of tetanus toxoid.

    PubMed

    Arthanari, Saravanakumar; Mani, Ganesh; Peng, Mei Mei; Jang, Hyun Tae

    2016-01-01

    The purpose of this research was to develop a suitable and alternate adjuvant for the tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine that induces long term immunity after a single-dose immunization. In our study, the preformulation studies were carried out by using different ratios (7/3, 8/2, and 9/1) of chitosan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-blended empty microspheres. Moreover, TT was stabilized with heparin (at heparin concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% w/v) and encapsulated in ideal chitosan - HPMC (CHBMS) microspheres, by the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsion method. The vaccine entrapment and the in vitro release efficiency of the CHBMS was evaluated for a period of 90 days. The release of antigens from the microspheres was determined by ELISA. Antigen integrity was investigated by SDS-PAGE. From the optimization studies, it was found that a chitosan/HPMC ratio of 8/2 produced a good yield, with microspheres that were spherical, regular and uniformly-sized. In the CHBMS, a heparin concentration of 3% w/v resulted in well-sustained antigen delivery for a period of 90 days. It was found that the characteristics of initial release could be observed in 2 days, followed by a constant release, and an almost 100% complete release in 90 days. From the in vitro release characteristics, the ideal batch of CHBMS (3% w/v heparin) was evaluated for in vivo studies by the antibody induction method. The antibody levels were measured for different combinations for the period of 9 months, and finally, with a second booster dose after 1 year. In conclusion, it was observed that CHBMS (combination-1) resulted in the antibody level of 4.5 IU/mL of guinea pig serum, and the level was 3.5 IU/mL for the Central Research Institute's alum-adsorbed tetanus toxoid (CRITT) (combination 2), after 1 year, with a second booster dose. This novel approach of using CHBMS may have potential advantages for single-step immunization with vaccines.

  20. Production, Purification, and Characterization of Polygalacturonase from Mucor circinelloides ITCC 6025

    PubMed Central

    Thakur, Akhilesh; Pahwa, Roma; Singh, Smarika; Gupta, Reena

    2010-01-01

    Mucor circinelloides produced an extracellular polygalacturonase enzyme, the production of which was enhanced when various production parameters were optimized. Maximum polygalacturonase (PGase) activity was obtained in 48 h at 30°C and pH 4.0 with pectin methyl ester (1% w/v) as carbon source and a combination of casein hydrolysate (0.1% w/v) and yeast extract (0.1% w/v) as nitrogen source. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity (13.3-fold) by Sephacryl S-100 gel-filtration chromatography. Its molecular weight was 66 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was found to have K m and V max values of 2.2 mM and 4.81 IU/ml at 0.1% to 0.5% (w/v) concentration of the substrate. The addition of phenolic acids (0.05 mM), metal ions such as Mn+2, Co+2, Mg+2, Fe+3, Al+3, Hg+2, and Cu+2, and thiols had inhibitory effect on the enzyme. The enzyme showed maximum activity in the presence of polygalacturonic acid (0.1% w/v) at pH 5.5 and 42°C. PMID:21048861

  1. Lp(a) (Lipoprotein(a)) Levels Predict Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Subjects With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease on Intensive Lipid Therapy: An Analysis of the AIM-HIGH (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcomes) Carotid Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy-Brief Report.

    PubMed

    Hippe, Daniel S; Phan, Binh An P; Sun, Jie; Isquith, Daniel A; O'Brien, Kevin D; Crouse, John R; Anderson, Todd; Huston, John; Marcovina, Santica M; Hatsukami, Thomas S; Yuan, Chun; Zhao, Xue-Qiao

    2018-03-01

    To assess whether Lp(a) (lipoprotein(a)) levels and other lipid levels were predictive of progression of atherosclerosis burden as assessed by carotid magnetic resonance imaging in subjects who have been treated with LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol)-lowering therapy and participated in the AIM-HIGH trial (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcomes). AIM-HIGH was a randomized, double-blind study of subjects with established vascular disease, elevated triglycerides, and low HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). One hundred fifty-two AIM-HIGH subjects underwent both baseline and 2-year follow-up carotid artery magnetic resonance imaging. Plaque burden was measured by the percent wall volume (%WV) of the carotid artery. Associations between annualized change in %WV with baseline and on-study (1 year) lipid variables were evaluated using multivariate linear regression and the Bonferroni correction to account for multiple comparisons. Average %WV at baseline was 41.6±6.8% and annualized change in %WV over 2 years ranged from -3.2% to 3.7% per year (mean: 0.2±1.1% per year; P =0.032). Increases in %WV were significantly associated with higher baseline Lp(a) (β=0.34 per 1-SD increase of Lp(a); 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.52; P <0.001) after adjusting for clinical risk factors and other lipid levels. On-study Lp(a) had a similar positive association with %WV progression (β=0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.52; P <0.001). Despite intensive lipid therapy, aimed at aggressively lowering LDL-C to <70 mg/dL, carotid atherosclerosis continued to progress as assessed by carotid magnetic resonance imaging and that elevated Lp(a) levels were independent predictors of increases in atherosclerosis burden. © 2018 American Heart Association, Inc.

  2. 78 FR 53275 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Ohio; Redesignation of the Ohio...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-29

    ... dioxide (SO 2 ), ammonia and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the Parkersburg-Marietta area (Washington... provided ammonia and VOC emissions inventories to EPA to supplement the February 29, 2012, and April 16... addition, EPA is approving the 2005 NO X , SO 2 , and PM 2.5 emission inventories and 2007/2008 ammonia and...

  3. Deficient Differentiation of Mast Cells in the Skin of mi/mi Mice

    PubMed Central

    Kasugai, Tsutomu; Oguri, Kayoko; Jippo-Kanemoto, Tomoko; Morimoto, Masahiro; Yamatodani, Atsushi; Yoshida, Keiichi; Ebi, Yoshitaka; Isozaki, Koji; Tei, Hideki; Tsujimura, Tohru; Nomura, Shintaro; Okayama, Minoru; Kitamura, Yukihiko

    1993-01-01

    The staining property of skin mast cells changed from Alcian blue+/berberine sulfate- to Alcian blue +/berberine sulfate+ in the skin of normal (+/+) and Wv/Wv mice. In contrast, this change did not occur in the skin of mi/mi mice. Heparin content and histamine content per a mi/mi skin mast cell were estimated to be 34% and 18% those of a +/+ skin mast cell, respectively. The low heparin content of mi/mi skin mast cells seemed to be consistent with the Alcian blue+/berberine sulfate- staining property. Expression of genes encoding mast cell-specific proteolytic enzymes was examined by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization. Messenger RNA of mast cell carboxypeptidase A was expressed most of all by +/+, WV Wv/W+ and mi/mi skin mast cells, but mRNA of mouse mast cell protease (MMCP)-6 was expressed by approximately a half of +/+ and Wv/Wv skin mast cells and by only 3% of mi/mi skin mast cells. A significant amount of MMCP-2 mRNA was not expressed in the skin of all +/+, Wv/Wv and mi/mi mice. This shows the presence of at least three phenotypes in skin mast cells of mice: berberine sulfate+/MMCP-6+, berberine sulfate+/MMCP-6-, and berberine sulfate-/ MMCP-6-. The in situ hybridization of mRNA of mast cell-specific proteolytic enzymes seemed to be useful to describe abnormalities of mast cell differentiation in the skin of mi/mi mice. ImagesFigure 4Figure 5 PMID:8238251

  4. A new-generation of Bacillus subtilis cell factory for further elevated scyllo-inositol production.

    PubMed

    Tanaka, Kosei; Natsume, Ayane; Ishikawa, Shu; Takenaka, Shinji; Yoshida, Ken-Ichi

    2017-04-21

    A stereoisomer of inositol, scyllo-inositol (SI), has been regarded as a promising therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease. However, this compound is relatively rare, whereas another stereoisomer of inositol, myo-inositol (MI) is abundant in nature. Bacillus subtilis 168 has the ability to metabolize inositol stereoisomers, including MI and SI. Previously, we reported a B. subtilis cell factory with modified inositol metabolism that converts MI into SI in the culture medium. The strain was constructed by deleting all genes related to inositol metabolism and overexpressing key enzymes, IolG and IolW. By using this strain, 10 g/l of MI initially included in the medium was completely converted into SI within 48 h of cultivation in a rich medium containing 2% (w/v) Bacto soytone. When the initial concentration of MI was increased to 50 g/l, conversion was limited to 15.1 g/l of SI. Therefore, overexpression systems of IolT and PntAB, the main transporter of MI in B. subtilis and the membrane-integral nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase in Escherichia coli respectively, were additionally introduced into the B. subtilis cell factory, but the conversion efficiency hardly improved. We systematically determined the amount of Bacto soytone necessary for ultimate conversion, which was 4% (w/v). As a result, the conversion of SI reached to 27.6 g/l within 48 h of cultivation. The B. subtilis cell factory was improved to yield a SI production rate of 27.6 g/l/48 h by simultaneous overexpression of IolT and PntAB, and by addition of 4% (w/v) Bacto soytone in the conversion medium. The concentration of SI was increased even in the stationary phase perhaps due to nutrients in the Bacto soytone that contribute to the conversion process. Thus, MI conversion to SI may be further optimized via identification and control of these unknown nutrients.

  5. Contribution of starter cultures to the proteolytic process of a fermented non-dried whole muscle ham product.

    PubMed

    Scannell, Amalia G M; Kenneally, Paul M; Arendt, Elke K

    2004-06-01

    Porcine longissimus dorsi muscles were cured by brine injection. Curing brine containing 15% (w/v) NaCl, 1.33% (w/v) glucose, 750 ppm sodium nitrite, and appropriate levels of either Lactobacillus sakei LAD, L. sakei LAD plus Kocuria varians FT4 (formally Micrococcus varians), L. sakei LAD plus papain and GDL (glucono-delta-lactone) plus K. varians FT4, was injected to the muscle at a pumping rate 15% w/v. The effect of these treatments on the proteolysis in the ham system was compared to a control ham, produced without starter culture and containing GDL acidulant to control pH and antibiotics to reduce the contribution of background microflora. Hydrolysis of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein fractions was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and reverse phase-HPLC. Hams with different treatments were also investigated for differences in amino acid profile, protein and non-protein nitrogen level, colour, pH, water activity and moisture and microbiological evolution. There was no significant difference in the gross compositional analysis of any of the treatments compared to the control. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the protein content, non-protein nitrogen level, SDS-PAGE and free amino acid analysis between the control ham and ham inoculated with proteolytic starter culture. However, it was observed that hams containing starter cultures exhibited decreases in certain peptide fractions and corresponding increases in some free amino acids compared to the uninoculated control. It can be concluded that, while the principle mechanisms resulting in the proteolysis of this non-dried ham product involve the activity of endogeneous cathepsins, the addition of proteolytic starter cultures influence the amino acid profile thereby potentially enhancing the sensorial attributes of the ham. Copyright 2004 Elsevier B.V.

  6. Modeling the TTL at Continental Scale for a Wet Season: An Evaluation of the BRAMS Mesoscale Model Using TRO-Pico Campaign, and Measurements From Airborne and Spaceborne Sensors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Behera, Abhinna K.; Rivière, Emmanuel D.; Marécal, Virginie; Rysman, Jean-François; Chantal, Claud; Sèze, Geneviève; Amarouche, Nadir; Ghysels, Mélanie; Khaykin, Sergey M.; Pommereau, Jean-Pierre; Held, Gerhard; Burgalat, Jérémie; Durry, Georges

    2018-03-01

    In order to better understand the water vapor (WV) intrusion into the tropical stratosphere, a mesoscale simulation of the tropical tropopause layer using the BRAMS (Brazilian version of Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS)) model is evaluated for a wet season. This simulation with a horizontal grid point resolution of 20 km × 20 km cannot resolve the stratospheric overshooting convection (SOC). Its ability to reproduce other key parameters playing a role in the stratospheric WV abundance is investigated using the balloon-borne TRO-Pico campaign measurements, the upper-air soundings over Brazil, and the satellite observations by Aura Microwave Limb Sounder, Microwave Humidity Sounder, and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 12. The BRAMS exhibits a good ability in simulating temperature, cold-point, WV variability around the tropopause. However, the simulation is typically observed to be warmer by ˜2.0°C and wetter by ˜0.4 ppmv at the hygropause, which can be partly affiliated with the grid boundary nudging of the model by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts operational analyses. The modeled cloud tops show a good correlation (maximum cross-correlation of ˜0.7) with Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 12. Furthermore, the overshooting cells detected by Microwave Humidity Sounder are observed at the locations, where 75% of the modeled cloud tops are higher than 11 km. Finally, the modeled inertia-gravity wave periodicity and wavelength are comparable with those deduced from the radio sounding measurements during TRO-Pico campaign. The good behavior of BRAMS confirms the SOC contribution in the WV abundance, and variability is of lesser importance than the large-scale processes. This simulation can be used as a reference run for upscaling the impact of SOC at a continental scale for future studies.

  7. 31 CFR 351.20 - What is the investment yield (interest) during the original maturity period of Series EE savings...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... email at [email protected], or by writing us at the following address: Bureau of the Public Debt... prior to 5 years from issue date at our website at www.savingsbonds.gov, by contacting us by email at [email protected], or writing to the following address: Bureau of the Public Debt, Parkersburg, West...

  8. TASTE DISCRIMINATION LEARNING IN PREWEANLING RATS

    EPA Science Inventory

    Seventeen-day-old rat pups received intraoral infusions of two novel flavors, coffee (.625% w/v Sanka, decaffeinated) and saccharin (.5% w/v), of which one (CS+) was paired with a .75X body weight, i.p. injection of 0.4 M LiCl, and the other (CS-) was presented alone. n the follo...

  9. Aeribacillus composti sp. nov., a thermophilic bacillus isolated from olive mill pomace compost.

    PubMed

    Finore, Ilaria; Gioiello, Alessia; Leone, Luigi; Orlando, Pierangelo; Romano, Ida; Nicolaus, Barbara; Poli, Annarita

    2017-11-01

    A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, thermophilic bacterium, strain N.8 T , was isolated from the curing step of an olive mill pomace compost sample, collected at the Composting Experimental Centre (CESCO, Salerno, Italy). Strain N.8 T , based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, was most closely related to Aeribacillus pallidus strain H12 T (=DSM 3670 T ) (99.8 % similarity value) with a 25 % DNA-DNA relatedness value. Cells were rod-shaped, non-motile and grew optimally at 60 °C and pH 9.0, forming cream colonies. Strain N.8 was able to grow on medium containing up to 9.0 % (w/v) NaCl with an optimum at 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The cellular membrane contained MK-7, and C16 : 0 (48.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (19.4 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.6 %) were the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. Based on phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequences, DNA-DNA hybridization values and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain N.8 T represents a novel species of the genus Aeribacillus, for which the name Aeribacillus composti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N.8 T (=KCTC 33824 T =JCM 31580 T ).

  10. Fuchs Lubricants, Inc., Huntington, WV

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA Region III will issue a proposed penalty of $85,000.00 against Fuchs Lubricants, Inc. The penalty is for violations of CWA regulations found at 40 C.F.R. Part 112, Oil Pollution Prevention regulations,

  11. Efficacy of chlorhexidine varnish for the prevention of adult caries: a randomized trial.

    PubMed

    Papas, A S; Vollmer, W M; Gullion, C M; Bader, J; Laws, R; Fellows, J; Hollis, J F; Maupomé, G; Singh, M L; Snyder, J; Blanchard, P

    2012-02-01

    The Prevention of Adult Caries Study, an NIDCR-funded multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, enrolled 983 adults (aged 18-80 yrs) at high risk for developing caries (20 or more intact teeth and 2 or more lesions at screening) to test the efficacy of a chlorhexidine diacetate 10% weight per volume (w/v) dental coating (CHX). We excluded participants for whom the study treatment was contraindicated or whose health might affect outcomes or ability to complete the study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the CHX coating (n = 490) or a placebo control (n = 493). Coatings were applied weekly for 4 weeks and a fifth time 6 months later. The primary outcome (total net D(1-2)FS increment) was the sum of weighted counts of changes in tooth surface status over 13 months. We observed no significant difference between the two treatment arms in either the intention-to-treat or per-protocol analyses. Analysis of 3 protocol-specified secondary outcomes produced similar findings. This trial failed to find that 10% (w/v) chlorhexidine diacetate coating was superior to placebo coating for the prevention of new caries (Clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT00357877).

  12. Efficacy against nematode and cestode infections and safety of a novel topical fipronil, (S)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel combination product in domestic cats under field conditions in Europe.

    PubMed

    Rehbein, Steffen; Capári, Balazs; Duscher, Georg; Keidane, Dace; Kirkova, Zvezdelina; Petkevičius, Saulius; Rapti, Dhimiter; Wagner, Annegret; Wagner, Thomas; Chester, S Theodore; Rosentel, Joseph; Tielemans, Eric; Visser, Martin; Winter, Renate; Kley, Katrin; Knaus, Martin

    2014-04-28

    A novel topical combination product (BROADLINE(®), Merial) composed of fipronil, (S)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel was evaluated for safety and efficacy against nematode and cestode infections in domestic cats. The study comprised a multi-centre, positive control, blinded, field study, using a randomized block design based on order of presentation for allocation. In total 196 client-owned cats, confirmed as positive for naturally acquired infections of nematodes and/or cestodes by pre-treatment faecal examination, were studied in seven countries in Europe. Pre-treatment faecal examination revealed the presence of Toxocara, hookworm, Capillaria and/or spirurid nematode infections in 129, 73, 33 or 1 cat(s), respectively; infections with taeniid and Dipylidium cestodes were demonstrated in 39 and 17 cats, respectively. Cats were allocated randomly to one of two treatments in a ratio of 2, topical fipronil (8.3%, w/v), (S)-methoprene (10%, w/v), eprinomectin (0.4%, w/v) and praziquantel (8.3%, w/v) (BROADLINE(®), Merial; 130 cats); and 1, topical PROFENDER(®) Spot-On (Bayer; 66 cats) and treated once on Day 0. For evaluation of efficacy, two faecal samples were collected, one prior to treatment (Day -4 ± 4 days) and one at the end of the study (Day 14 ± 5 days). These were examined for fecal forms of nematode and cestode parasites. For evaluation of safety, cats were examined by a veterinarian before treatment and at the end of the study, and cat owners recorded the health status of their cats daily until the end of the study. For cats treated with Broadline(®), the efficacy was >99.9%, 100%, and 99.6% for Toxocara, hookworms, and Capillaria, respectively; and the efficacy was >99.9%, >99.9%, and 98.5%, respectively, for the cats treated with Profender(®) (p<0.001 for all nematodes and both treatments). Efficacy was 100% for both cestodes for both treatments (p<0.001). No treatment related adverse experiences were observed throughout the study. For

  13. Detecting Forests Damaged by Pine Wilt Disease at the Individual Tree Level Using Airborne Laser Data and WORLDVIEW-2/3 Images Over Two Seasons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Takenaka, Y.; Katoh, M.; Deng, S.; Cheung, K.

    2017-10-01

    Pine wilt disease is caused by the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus). This study attempted to detect damaged pine trees at different levels using a combination of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data and high-resolution space-borne images. A canopy height model with a resolution of 50 cm derived from the ALS data was used for the delineation of tree crowns using the Individual Tree Detection method. Two pan-sharpened images were established using the ortho-rectified images. Next, we analyzed two kinds of intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) images and 18 remote sensing indices (RSI) derived from the pan-sharpened images. The mean and standard deviation of the 2 IHS images, 18 RSI, and 8 bands of the WV-2 and WV-3 images were extracted for each tree crown and were used to classify tree crowns using a support vector machine classifier. Individual tree crowns were assigned to one of nine classes: bare ground, Larix kaempferi, Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa, broadleaved trees, healthy pines, and damaged pines at slight, moderate, and heavy levels. The accuracy of the classifications using the WV-2 images ranged from 76.5 to 99.6 %, with an overall accuracy of 98.5 %. However, the accuracy of the classifications using the WV-3 images ranged from 40.4 to 95.4 %, with an overall accuracy of 72 %, which suggests poorer accuracy compared to those classes derived from the WV-2 images. This is because the WV-3 images were acquired in October 2016 from an area with low sun, at a low altitude.

  14. Spectroscopic studies of micelle-enhanced ligand exchange of gallium (III)/4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol complex by calf thymus DNA.

    PubMed

    Romeika, Jennifer M; Spurgeon, Charina L; Yan, Fei

    2014-01-03

    The effect of cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the interaction of gallium (III) with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) under varying conditions has been studied spectrophotometrically. At pH 6.0, CTAB (0.05% w/v) markedly enhanced the absorption intensity of gallium (III)-PAR complex. Furthermore, the introduction of CTAB provided unique selectivity for the ligand exchange of Ga(III)-PAR by calf thymus dsDNA over calf thymus ssDNA. This phenomenon offers a novel spectrophotometric sensing strategy for direct detection of dsDNA. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. Improved separation and size characterization of gold nanoparticles through a novel capillary zone electrophoresis method using poly(sodium4-styrenesulfonate) as stabiliser and a stepwise field strength gradient.

    PubMed

    Ciriello, Rosanna; Iallorenzi, Pina Teresa; Laurita, Alessandro; Guerrieri, Antonio

    2017-03-01

    A novel capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was developed for an improved separation and size characterization of pristine gold nanoparticles (AuNP) using uncoated fused-silica capillaries with UV-Vis detection at 520 nm. To avoid colloid aggregation and/or adsorption during runs, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) was added (1%, w/v) in the running buffer (CAPS 10 mM, pH 11). This polyelectrolyte conferred an enhanced stabilization to AuNP, both steric and electrostatic, exalting at the same time their differences in electrophoretic mobility. Resolution was further and successfully improved through a stepwise field strength gradient by the application of 25 kV for the first 5 min and then 10 kV. Migration times varied linearly with particles diameters showing relative standard deviations better than 1% for daily experiments and 3% for interday experiments. A comparison with the size distribution obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed assessing that the electrophoretic profile can reasonably be considered as representative of the effective size heterogeneity of each colloid. Finally, the practical utility of the proposed method was demonstrated by measuring the core diameter of a gold colloid sample produced by chemical synthesis which was in good agreement with the value obtained by TEM measurements. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  16. Antifungal Activity of Diglycerin Ester of Fatty Acids against Yeasts and Its Comparison with Those of Sucrose Monopalmitate and Sodium Benzoate.

    PubMed

    Shimazaki, Aiko; Sakamoto, Jin J; Furuta, Masakazu; Tsuchido, Tetsuaki

    2016-01-01

    The antifungal activities of diglycerin monoester of fatty acids (DGCs), which have been employed as food emulsifiers, were examined against three yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans and Candida utilis and were compared with those of sucrose monoester of palmitic acid (SC16) as another type of emulsifier and sodium benzoate (SB) as a weak acid food preservative. When the minimum growth inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of diglycerin monolaurate (DGC12) against these yeasts were determined 2 d after incubation in YM broth at pH5.0, they were relatively low, being 0.01% (w/v), for both S. cerevisiae and C. utilis, whereas was high, being 4.0% (w/v), for C. albicans. On the contrary, the MICs of sucrose monopalmitate (SC16) were high, being 3.0 and 4.0% (w/v), for the former two yeasts, respectively, but 0.6% (w/v) for the last yeast. In contrast to these emulsifiers, the MICs of sodium benzoate (SB) were similar independently upon the yeast strain, being in order 0.4, 0.3 and 0.5% (w/v), for the above yeasts, respectively. The anti-yeast activities of DGC12 and SC16 were gradually increased with a decrease in pH, in a manner similar to that of SB, except for the action of SC16 on C. albicans, for which the activity was more effective at pHs 5.0 and 6.0 than at pHs 4.0 and 7.0. Among DGCs tested having different fatty acid moieties in the molecule, lauroyl ester (DGC12) was more effective than myristoyl and palmitoyl esters against S. cerevisiae and C. utilis. The inhibitory effect of DGC12 on the yeast growth depended upon both the cell density and the strength of aeration during the treatment. Further, DGC12 was found to kill S. cerevisiae and C. utilis cells at a rather low concentration of 0.005% (w/v) in 50mM acetate buffer at pH5.0, although, against C. albicans cells, only slight fungicidal activity was demonstrated at a high concentration of 0.5% (w/v). The results obtained support the effectiveness of practical application of DGC12 to acidic

  17. Effects of temperature, pH and NaCl content on in vitro putrescine and cadaverine production through the growth of Serratia marcescens CCM 303.

    PubMed

    Bubelová, Zuzana; Buňka, František; Taťáková, Monika; Štajnochová, Kateřina; Purevdorj, Khatantuul; Buňková, Leona

    2015-01-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of temperature (10, 20 and 37°C), pH (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), and NaCl content (0, 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6% w/v) on the growth and putrescine and cadaverine production of Serratia marcescens CCM 303 under model conditions. The decarboxylase activity of S. marcescens was monitored in broth after cultivation. The cultivation medium was enriched with selected amino acids (ornithine, arginine and lysine; 0.2% w/v each) serving as precursors of biogenic amines. Levels of putrescine and cadaverine in broth were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography after pre-column derivatisation with o-phthalaldehyde reagent. S. marcescens produced higher amounts of putrescine (up to 2096.8 mg L(-1)) compared to cadaverine content (up to 343.3 mg L(-1)) in all cultivation media. The highest putrescine and cadaverine concentrations were reached during cultivation at 10-20°C, pH 5-7 and NaCl content 1-3% w/v. On the other hand, the highest BAs production of individual cell (recalculated based on a cell; so called "yield factor") was observed at 10°C, pH 4 and salt concentration 3-5% w/v as a response to environmental stress.

  18. Multivesicular liposomal bupivacaine at the sciatic nerve

    PubMed Central

    McAlvin, J. Brian; Padera, Robert F.; Shankarappa, Sahadev A.; Reznor, Gally; Kwon, Albert H.; Chiang, Homer; Yang, Jason; Kohane, Daniel S.

    2014-01-01

    Clinical translation of sustained release formulations for local anesthetics has been limited by adverse tissue reaction. Exparel™ (DepoFoam bupivacaine) is a new liposomal local anesthetic formulation whose biocompatibility near nerve tissue is not well characterized. Exparel™ injection caused sciatic nerve blockade in rats lasting 240 minutes compared to 120 minutes for 0.5% (w/v) bupivacaine HCl and 210 minutes for 1.31% (w/v) bupivacaine HCl (same bupivacaine content as Exparel™). On histologic sections four days after injection, median inflammation scores in the Exparel™ group (2.5 of 4) were slightly higher than in groups treated with bupivacaine solutions (score 2). Myotoxicity scores in the Exparel™ group (2.5 of 6) were similar to in the 0.5% (w/v) bupivacaine HCl group (3), but significantly less than in the 1.31% (w/v) bupivacaine HCl group (5). After two weeks, inflammation from Exparel™ (score 2 of 6) was greater than from 0.5% (w/v) bupivacaine HCl (1) and similar to that from 1.31% (w/v) bupivacaine HCl (1). Myotoxicity in all three groups was not statistically significantly different. No neurotoxicity was detected in any group. Tissue reaction to Exparel™ was similar to that of 0.5% (w/v) bupivacaine HCl. Surveillance for local tissue injury will be important during future clinical evaluation. PMID:24612918

  19. WorldView-2 and the evolution of the DigitalGlobe remote sensing satellite constellation: introductory paper for the special session on WorldView-2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Anderson, Neal T.; Marchisio, Giovanni B.

    2012-06-01

    Over the last decade DigitalGlobe (DG) has built and launched a series of remote sensing satellites with steadily increasing capabilities: QuickBird, WorldView-1 (WV-1), and WorldView-2 (WV-2). Today, this constellation acquires over 2.5 million km2 of imagery on a daily basis. This paper presents the configuration and performance capabilities of each of these satellites, with emphasis on the unique spatial and spectral capabilities of WV-2. WV-2 employs high-precision star tracker and inertial measurement units to achieve a geolocation accuracy of 5 m Circular Error, 90% confidence (CE90). The native resolution of WV-2 is 0.5 m GSD in the panchromatic band and 2 m GSD in 8 multispectral bands. Four of the multispectral bands match those of the Landsat series of satellites; four new bands enable novel and expanded applications. We are rapidly establishing and refreshing a global database of very high resolution (VHR) 8-band multispectral imagery. Control moment gyroscopes (CMGs) on both WV-1 and WV-2 improve collection capacity and provide the agility to capture multi-angle sequences in rapid succession. These capabilities result in a rich combination of image features that can be exploited to develop enhanced monitoring solutions. Algorithms for interpretation and analysis can leverage: 1) broader and more continuous spectral coverage at 2 m resolution; 2) textural and morphological information from the 0.5 m panchromatic band; 3) ancillary information from stereo and multi-angle collects, including high precision digital elevation models; 4) frequent revisits and time-series collects; and 5) the global reference image archives. We introduce the topic of creative fusion of image attributes, as this provides a unifying theme for many of the papers in this WV-2 Special Session.

  20. LDEF - 69 Months in Space. First Post-Retrieval Symposium. Proceeding of a symposium held in Kissimmee, Florida, 2-8 June 1991.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-01-01

    Gregory, Ligia C. Christi and Ganesh N. Raikar vin LDEF EXPERIMENT AO034: ATOMIC OXYGEN STIMULATED OUTGAS SING 763 Roger C. Linton, Rachel R. Kamenetzky...A 8/27/90 1 Micron Stylus Radius 1 Mg Stylus Loading rW^wV^WvANw/VW^ W ,’"’’M’*****W^^ 150 SCRN LENGTH (microns) 350 4E 450^ e £00...4-^ 4-5 rt3-t- CL S-4-J «J ~CJ +J U ^’ CO V> 3 ! T3 XS -O <: c: 3 c o O 00 o 5* CO <JS ?*ssasssBsss;;>s!ss

  1. Molecules based on M(v) (M=Mo, W) and Ni(II) ions: a new class of trigonal bipyramidal cluster and confirmation of SMM behavior for the pentadecanuclear molecule {NiII[NiII(tmphen)(MeOH)]6[Ni(H2O)3]2[micro-CN]30[WV(CN)3]6}.

    PubMed

    Hilfiger, Matthew G; Zhao, Hanhua; Prosvirin, Andrey; Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang; Dunbar, Kim R

    2009-07-14

    The preparation, single crystal X-ray crystallography, and magnetic properties are reported for four new clusters based on [M'V(CN)8]3- octacyanometallates (M'=Mo, W). Reactions of [M'V(CN)8]3- with mononuclear NiII ions in the presence of the tmphen blocking ligand (tmphen=3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) in a 2:3:6 ratio, respectively, lead to the formation of the trigonal bipyramidal clusters [NiII(tmphen)2]3[M'V(CN)8]2. Analogous reactions with the same starting materials performed in a 2:3:2 ratio, respectively, produce pentadecanuclear clusters of the type {NiII[NiII(tmphen)(MeOH)]6[Ni(H2O)3]2[micro-CN]30[WV(CN)3]6}. The W2Ni3 (1) and Mo2Ni3(2) pentanuclear clusters and the W6Ni9 (3) and Mo6Ni9 (4) pentadecanuclear molecules are isostructural to each other and crystallize in the space groups P2(1)/c and R3 respectively. Magnetic measurements indicate that the ground states for the trigonal bipyamidal clusters are S=4 as a consequence of ferromagnetic coupling with JW-Ni=9.5 cm(-1), JMo-Ni=10 cm(-1). The pentadecanuclear clusters exhibit ferromagnetic coupling as well, which leads to S=12 ground states (JW-Ni=12 cm(-1), JMo-Ni=12.2 cm(-1)). Reduced magnetization studies on the W-Ni analogues support the conclusion that they exhibit a negative axial anisotropy term; the fits give D values of -0.24 cm(-1) for the W2Ni3 cluster and D=-0.04 cm(-1)for the W6Ni9 cluster. AC susceptibility measurements indicate the beginning of an out-of-phase signal for the W2Ni3 and the W6Ni9 compounds, but detailed low temperature studies on small crystals by the microSQUID technique indicate that only the pentadecanuclear cluster exhibits hysteresis in accord with SMM behavior. Neither Mo cluster reveals any evidence for slow paramagnetic relaxation at low temperatures.

  2. High-runner mice have reduced incentive salience for a sweet-taste reward when housed with wheel access.

    PubMed

    Thompson, Zoe; Kolb, Erik M; Garland, Theodore

    2018-01-01

    To explore reward substitution in the context of voluntary exercise, female mice from four replicate high-runner (HR) lines (bred for wheel running) and four non-selected control (C) lines were given simultaneous access to wheels and palatable solutions as competing rewards (two doses of saccharin [0.1, 0.2% w/v]; two doses of common artificial sweetener blends containing saccharin [Sweet 'N Low ® : 0.1, 0.2% w/v], aspartame [Equal ® : 0.04, 0.08% w/v], or sucralose [Splenda ® : 0.08, 0.16% w/v]; or two doses of sucrose [3.5, 10.5% w/v]). Wheel running and fluid consumption were measured daily, with each dose (including plain water) lasting two days and two "washout" days between solutions. In a separate set of mice, the experiment was repeated without wheel access. The artificial sweeteners had no statistical effect on wheel running. However, based on proportional responses, both doses of sucrose significantly elevated wheel running in C but not HR mice. In contrast, the high dose of sucrose suppressed home-cage activity for both linetypes. Both sucrose and the artificial blends generally increased fluid consumption in a dose-dependent manner. When they had access to wheels, HR had a significantly smaller increase in consumption of artificial sweetener blends when compared with C mice, but not when housed without wheels. Overall, these results provide further evidence that the reward system of HR mice has evolved, and specifically suggest that HR mice have a reduced incentive salience for some artificial sweetener blends, likely attributable to the stronger competing reward of wheel running that has evolved in these lines. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Keratinase production and biodegradation of polluted secondary chicken feather wastes by a newly isolated multi heavy metal tolerant bacterium-Alcaligenes sp. AQ05-001.

    PubMed

    Yusuf, Ibrahim; Ahmad, Siti Aqlima; Phang, Lai Yee; Syed, Mohd Arif; Shamaan, Nor Aripin; Abdul Khalil, Khalilah; Dahalan, Farrah Aini; Shukor, Mohd Yunus

    2016-12-01

    Biodegradation of agricultural wastes, generated annually from poultry farms and slaughterhouses, can solve the pollution problem and at the same time yield valuable degradation products. But these wastes also constitute environmental nuisance, especially in Malaysia where their illegal disposal on heavy metal contaminated soils poses a serious biodegradation issue as feather tends to accumulate heavy metals from the surrounding environment. Further, continuous use of feather wastes as cheap biosorbent material for the removal of heavy metals from effluents has contributed to the rising amount of polluted feathers, which has necessitated the search for heavy metal-tolerant feather degrading strains. Isolation, characterization and application of a novel heavy metal-tolerant feather-degrading bacterium, identified by 16S RNA sequencing as Alcaligenes sp. AQ05-001 in degradation of heavy metal polluted recalcitrant agricultural wastes, have been reported. Physico-cultural conditions influencing its activities were studied using one-factor-at-a-time and a statistical optimisation approach. Complete degradation of 5 g/L feather was achieved with pH 8, 2% inoculum at 27 °C and incubation period of 36 h. The medium optimisation after the response surface methodology (RSM) resulted in a 10-fold increase in keratinase production (88.4 U/mL) over the initial 8.85 U/mL when supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 0.15% (w/v) ammonium bicarbonate, 0.3% (w/v) skim milk, and 0.01% (w/v) urea. Under optimum conditions, the bacterium was able to degrade heavy metal polluted feathers completely and produced valuable keratinase and protein-rich hydrolysates. About 83% of the feathers polluted with a mixture of highly toxic metals were degraded with high keratinase activities. The heavy metal tolerance ability of this bacterium can be harnessed not only in keratinase production but also in the bioremediation of heavy metal-polluted feather wastes. Copyright © 2016. Published by

  4. The impact of particle size and initial solid loading on thermochemical pretreatment of wheat straw for improving sugar recovery.

    PubMed

    Rojas-Rejón, Oscar A; Sánchez, Arturo

    2014-07-01

    This work studies the effect of initial solid load (4-32 %; w/v, DS) and particle size (0.41-50 mm) on monosaccharide yield of wheat straw subjected to dilute H(2)SO(4) (0.75 %, v/v) pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a full factorial design (FFD) was used for the statistical analysis of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. The highest xylose yield obtained during pretreatment (ca. 86 %; of theoretical) was achieved at 4 % (w/v, DS) and 25 mm. The solid fraction obtained from the first set of experiments was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at constant enzyme dosage (17 FPU/g); statistical analysis revealed that glucose yield was favored with solids pretreated at low initial solid loads and small particle sizes. Dynamic experiments showed that glucose yield did not increase after 48 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. Once established pretreatment conditions, experiments were carried out with several initial solid loading (4-24 %; w/v, DS) and enzyme dosages (5-50 FPU/g). Two straw sizes (0.41 and 50 mm) were used for verification purposes. The highest glucose yield (ca. 55 %; of theoretical) was achieved at 4 % (w/v, DS), 0.41 mm and 50 FPU/g. Statistical analysis of experiments showed that at low enzyme dosage, particle size had a remarkable effect over glucose yield and initial solid load was the main factor for glucose yield.

  5. Preparative crystallization of a single chain antibody using an aqueous two-phase system.

    PubMed

    Huettmann, Hauke; Berkemeyer, Matthias; Buchinger, Wolfgang; Jungbauer, Alois

    2014-11-01

    A simultaneous crystallization and aqueous two-phase extraction of a single chain antibody was developed, demonstrating process integration. The process conditions were designed to form an aqueous two-phase system, and to favor crystallization, using sodium sulfate and PEG-2000. At sufficiently high concentrations of PEG, a second phase was generated in which the protein crystallization occurred simultaneously. The single chain antibody crystals were partitioned to the top, polyethylene glycol-rich phase. The crystal nucleation took place in the sodium sulfate-rich phase and at the phase boundary, whereas crystal growth was progressing mainly in the polyethylene glycol-rich phase. The crystals in the polyethylene glycol-rich phase grew to a size of >50 µm. Additionally, polyethylene glycol acted as an anti-solvent, thus, it influenced the crystallization yield. A phase diagram with an undersaturation zone, crystallization area, and amorphous precipitation zone was established. Only small differences in polyethylene glycol concentration caused significant shifts of the crystallization yield. An increase of the polyethylene glycol content from 2% (w/v) to 4% (w/v) increased the yield from approximately 63-87%, respectively. Our results show that crystallization in aqueous two-phase systems is an opportunity to foster process integration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  6. Combining biochar, zeolite and wood vinegar for composting of pig manure: The effect on greenhouse gas emission and nitrogen conservation.

    PubMed

    Wang, Quan; Awasthi, Mukesh Kumar; Ren, Xiuna; Zhao, Junchao; Li, Ronghua; Wang, Zhen; Wang, Meijing; Chen, Hongyu; Zhang, Zengqiang

    2018-04-01

    The effect of enhancing wood vinegar (WV) with a mixture of biochar (B) and zeolite (Z) to compost pig manure (PM) in a 130 L reactor was evaluated to determine the levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia emissions. Six treatments were prepared in a 2:1 ratio of PM mixed with wheat straw (WS; dry weight basis): PM + WS (control), PM + WS + 10%B, PM + WS + 10%B + 10%Z, and PM + WS with 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%WV combined with 10%B + 10%Z. These were composted for 50 days, and the results indicated that the combined use of B, Z, and WV could shorten the thermophilic phase and improve the maturity of compost compared to the control treatment. In addition, WV mixed with B and Z could reduce ammonia loss by 64.45-74.32% and decrease CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O emissions by 33.90-46.98%, 50.39-61.15%, and 79.51-81.10%, respectively. Furthermore, compared to treatments in which B and B + Z were added, adding WV was more efficient to reduce the nitrogen and carbon loss, and the 10%B + 10%Z + 2%WV treatment presented the lowest loss of carbon (9.16%) and nitrogen (0.75%). Based on the maturity indexes used, nitrogen conservation, and efficiency of GHG emissions reduction, the treatment 10%B + 10%Z + 2%WV is suggested for efficient PM composting. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Optimization of Freeze Drying Conditions for Purified Pectinase from Mango (Mangifera indica cv. Chokanan) Peel

    PubMed Central

    Mehrnoush, Amid; Mustafa, Shuhaimi; Yazid, Abdul Manap Mohd

    2012-01-01

    Response surface methodology (RSM) along with central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the freeze drying conditions for purified pectinase from mango (Mangifera indica cv. Chokanan) peel. The effect of pectinase content (−2.66, 62.66 mg/mL), Arabic gum (−1.21, 10.21%, w/v), and maltodextrin (0.73, 7.26%, w/v) as independent variables on activity, yield, and storage stability of freeze-dried enzyme was evaluated. Storage stability of pectinase was investigated after one week at 4 °C and yield percentage of the enzyme after encapsulation was also determined. The independent variables had the most significant (p < 0.05) effect on pectinase activity and yield of the enzyme. It was observed that the interaction effect of Arabic gum and maltodextrin improved the enzymatic properties of freeze-dried pectinase. The optimal conditions for freeze-dried pectinase from mango peel were obtained using 30 mg/mL of pectinase content, 4.5 (%, w/v) of Arabic gum, and 4 (%, w/v) of maltodextrin. Under these conditions, the maximum activity (11.12 U/mL), yield (86.4%) and storage stability (84.2%) of encapsulated pectinase were achieved. PMID:22489134

  8. Optimization of freeze drying conditions for purified pectinase from mango (Mangifera indica cv. Chokanan) peel.

    PubMed

    Mehrnoush, Amid; Mustafa, Shuhaimi; Yazid, Abdul Manap Mohd

    2012-01-01

    Response surface methodology (RSM) along with central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the freeze drying conditions for purified pectinase from mango (Mangifera indica cv. Chokanan) peel. The effect of pectinase content (-2.66, 62.66 mg/mL), Arabic gum (-1.21, 10.21%, w/v), and maltodextrin (0.73, 7.26%, w/v) as independent variables on activity, yield, and storage stability of freeze-dried enzyme was evaluated. Storage stability of pectinase was investigated after one week at 4 °C and yield percentage of the enzyme after encapsulation was also determined. The independent variables had the most significant (p < 0.05) effect on pectinase activity and yield of the enzyme. It was observed that the interaction effect of Arabic gum and maltodextrin improved the enzymatic properties of freeze-dried pectinase. The optimal conditions for freeze-dried pectinase from mango peel were obtained using 30 mg/mL of pectinase content, 4.5 (%, w/v) of Arabic gum, and 4 (%, w/v) of maltodextrin. Under these conditions, the maximum activity (11.12 U/mL), yield (86.4%) and storage stability (84.2%) of encapsulated pectinase were achieved.

  9. In-situ photopolymerization of monodisperse and discoid oxidized methacrylated alginate microgels in a microfluidic channel

    DOE PAGES

    Wang, Shuo; Jeon, Oju; Shankles, Peter G.; ...

    2016-02-03

    Here, we present a simple microfluidic technique to in-situ photopolymerize (by 365 nm ultraviolet) monodisperse oxidized methacrylated alginate (OMA) microgels using a photoinitiator (VA-086). By this technique, we generated monodisperse spherical OMA beads and discoid non-spherical beads with better shape consistency than ionic crosslinking methods do. We found that a high monomer concentration (8 w/v %), a high photoinitiator concentration (1.5 w/v %) and absence of oxygen are critical factors to cure OMA microgels. This photopolymerizing method is an alternative to current methods to form alginate microgels and is a simpler approach to generate non-spherical alginate microgels.

  10. Low-molecular-weight (4.5S) ribonucleic acid in higher-plant chloroplast ribosomes.

    PubMed Central

    Whitfeld, P R; Leaver, C J; Bottomley, W; Atchison, B

    1978-01-01

    A species of RNA that migrates on 10% (w/v) polyacrylamide gels between 5S and 4S RNA was detected in spinach chloroplasts. This RNA (referred to as 4.5 S RNA) was present in amounts equimolar to the 5S RNA and its molecular weight was estimated to be approx. 33 000. Fractionation of the chloroplast components showed that the 4.5S RNA was associated with the 50 S ribosomal subunit and that it could be removed by washing the ribosomes with a buffer containing 0.01 M-EDTA and 0.5 M-KCl. It did not appear to be a cleavage product of the labile 23 S RNA of spinach chloroplast ribosomes. When 125I-labelled 4.5 S RNA was hybridized to fragments of spinach chloroplast DNA produced by SmaI restriction endonuclease, a single fragment (mol.wt. 1.15 times 10(6)) became labelled. The same DNA fragment also hybridized to chloroplast 5 S RNA and part of the 23 S RNA. It was concluded that the coding sequence for 4.5 S RNA was part of, or immediately adjacent to, the rRNA-gene region in chloroplast DNA . A comparable RNA species was observed in chloroplasts of tobacco and pea leaves. Images Fig. 8. PMID:743229

  11. A Limited Access Mouse Model of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure that Produces Long-Lasting Deficits in Hippocampal-Dependent Learning and Memory

    PubMed Central

    Brady, Megan L.; Allan, Andrea M.; Caldwell, Kevin K.

    2013-01-01

    Background It has been estimated that approximately 12% of women consume alcohol at some time during their pregnancy, and as many as 5% of children born in the United States are impacted by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). The range of physical, behavioral, emotional, and social dysfunctions that are associated with PAE are collectively termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Methods Using a saccharin-sweetened ethanol solution, we developed a limited access model of PAE. C57BL/6J mice were provided access to a solution of either 10% (w/v) ethanol and 0.066% (w/v) saccharin or 0.066% (w/v) saccharin (control) for 4 h/d. After establishing consistent drinking, mice were mated and continued drinking during gestation. Following parturition, solutions were decreased to 0% in a stepwise fashion over a period of 6 days. Characterization of the model included measurements of maternal consumption patterns, blood ethanol levels, litter size, pup weight, maternal care, and the effects of PAE on fear-conditioned and spatial learning, and locomotor activity. Results Mothers had mean daily ethanol intake of 7.17 ± 0.17 g ethanol/kg body weight per day, with average blood ethanol concentrations of 68.5 ± 9.2 mg/dl after 2 hours of drinking and 88.3 ± 11.5 mg/dl after 4 hours of drinking. Food and water consumption, maternal weight gain, litter size, pup weight, pup retrieval times, and time on nest did not differ between the alcohol-exposed and control animals. Compared with control offspring, mice that were exposed to ethanol prenatally displayed no difference in spontaneous locomotor activity but demonstrated learning deficits in 3 hippocampal-dependent tasks: delay fear conditioning, trace fear conditioning, and the delay nonmatch to place radial-arm maze task. Conclusions These results indicate that this model appropriately mimics the human condition of PAE and will be a useful tool in studying the learning deficits seen in FASD. PMID:21933200

  12. Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Staphylococcaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker.

    PubMed

    Li, Yong; Wang, Sheng-Kun; Xue, Han; Chang, Ju-Pu; Guo, Li-Min; Yang, Xu-Qi

    2017-04-01

    Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic bark tissue of Populus × euramericana canker. The isolates were able to grow between 10 and 37 °C, at pH 6-10 and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl The strains were found to be oxidase and catalase positive. The menaquinone of strain 26D10-3-4T was MK-7 and the peptidoglycan type A3α based on l-Lys-Gly3-?Ala. The polar lipid profiles of strain 26D10-3-4T showed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified glycolipids, and the major fatty acids found were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 38.2 mol%. The two novel isolates shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Salinicoccus qingdaonensis ZXM223T (95.0 %). Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus of the family Staphylococcaceae; the name Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is 26D10-3-4T (=CFCC 12725T=KCTC 33575T). An additional strain of the species is 9-4-1.

  13. Blistering behavior and deuterium retention in tungsten vanadium alloys exposed to deuterium plasma in the linear plasma device STEP

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Jun; Cheng, Long; Yuan, Yue; Qin, Shao-Yang; Arshad, Kameel; Guo, Wang-Guo; Wang, Zheng; Zhou, Zhang-Jian; Lu, Guang-Hong

    2018-03-01

    The behavior of tungsten-vanadium (W-V) alloys fabricated by powder metallurgy as a plasma facing material has been studied. W-V alloys with different vanadium concentrations (5 and 10 wt %) manufactured by hot pressing (HP) were exposed to deuterium plasma (flux ∼4.6 × 1021 m-2s-1, fluence ∼5.6 × 1025 m-2, ion energy ∼60 eV, target temperature ∼450 K) in the linear plasma device STEP at Beihang University. Three typical grains are observed on HP sintered W-V alloys and exhibit a significant effect on its performance under deuterium plasma irradiation. Surface blistering only occurs at W-enriched grains and is significantly mitigated in W-V alloys, especially in W-10 V, blistering is completely suppressed. On the other hand, deuterium retention dramatically increases in the W-V alloys due to vanadium addition. The deuterium retention in W-5 wt. % V is about 6.2 times more than that in rolled pure W, and this factor further increases to 6.9 when the V concentration rises to 10 wt %. We ascribe these phenomena to the changes of microstructures and components caused by vanadium addition.

  14. Antimicrobial activity of honey from the stingless bee Trigona carbonaria determined by agar diffusion, agar dilution, broth microdilution and time-kill methodology.

    PubMed

    Boorn, K L; Khor, Y-Y; Sweetman, E; Tan, F; Heard, T A; Hammer, K A

    2010-05-01

    The aim of this study was to determine the spectrum of antimicrobial activity of 11 samples of stingless bee honey compared to medicinal, table and artificial honeys. Activity was assessed by agar diffusion, agar dilution, broth microdilution and time-kill viability assays. By agar dilution, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges were 4% to >10% (w/v) for Gram-positive bacteria, 6% to >16% (w/v) for Gram-negative bacteria and 6% to >10% (w/v) for Candida spp. By broth microdilution, all organisms with the exception of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata were inhibited at w/v). Geometric MIC (w/v) means for stingless bee honeys ranged from 7.1% to 16.0% and were 11.7% for medicinal honey and 26.5% for table honey. Treatment of organisms with 20% (w/v) stingless bee honey for 60 min resulted in decreases of 1-3 log for Staphylococcus aureus, >3 log for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and <1 log for C. albicans. Similar treatment with each control honey resulted in decreases of <1 log for all organisms. Stingless bee honey has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity although activity against Candida was limited. Stingless bee honey samples varied in activity and the basis for this remains to be determined. Stingless bee honey had similar activity to medicinal honey and may therefore have a role as a medicinal agent.

  15. Sol-gel immobilization as a suitable technique for enhancement of α-amylase activity of Aspergillus oryzae PP.

    PubMed

    Evstatieva, Yana; Yordanova, Mariya; Chernev, Georgi; Ruseva, Yanislava; Nikolova, Dilyana

    2014-07-04

    Bioencapsulation of microbial cells in silica-based matrices has proved to be a good strategy to enhance the biosynthetic capabilities and viability of bioproducers. In the present study, mycelium and pellet cultures of strain Aspergillus oryzae PP were successfully immobilized in sol-gel hybrid matrices composed of tetraethylorthosilicate as an inorganic precursor, 5% (w/v) starch and 10 or 15% (w/v) polyethylene oxide, or 10% (w/v) calcium alginate as organic compounds. Biosynthetic activity of immobilized cultures was investigated by batch and fed-batch cultivation and the obtained results of 3042.04 IU cm -3 were comparable with the enzyme activity of the free cell culture. Immobilized cultures retained their viability and biosynthetic capabilities up to the 744th h during fed-batch fermentation processes. Consequently, sol-gel encapsulation in hybrid matrices could be considered as a promising technique for immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae PP in order to increase the α-amylase production.

  16. Intrinsic Fluorescence as a Spectral Probe for Protein Denaturation Studies in the Presence of Honey

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wong, Y. H.; Kadir, H. A.; Tayyab, S.

    2015-11-01

    Honey was found to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a concentration dependent manner, showing complete quenching in the presence of 5% (w/v) honey. Increasing the protein concentration up to 5.0 μM did not lead to the recovery of the protein fluorescence. Urea denaturation of BSA, which otherwise shows a two-step, three-state transition, using intrinsic fluorescence of the protein as the probe failed to produce any result in the presence of 5% (w/v) honey. Thus, intrinsic fluorescence cannot be used as a spectral probe for protein denaturation studies in the presence of honey.

  17. 15 CFR 4a.4 - Classification authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Classification authority. 4a.4 Section 4a.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION, AND PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 4a.4 Classification authority. Authority to...

  18. 15 CFR 4a.4 - Classification authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Classification authority. 4a.4 Section 4a.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION, AND PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 4a.4 Classification authority. Authority to...

  19. 15 CFR 4a.4 - Classification authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Classification authority. 4a.4 Section 4a.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION, AND PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 4a.4 Classification authority. Authority to...

  20. 15 CFR 4a.4 - Classification authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Classification authority. 4a.4 Section 4a.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION, AND PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 4a.4 Classification authority. Authority to...

  1. 15 CFR 4a.4 - Classification authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Classification authority. 4a.4 Section 4a.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION, AND PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 4a.4 Classification authority. Authority to...

  2. Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation in Prostate Cancer

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-01-01

    experiment protocols were approved by the IACUC and the care of animals followed local and national guidelines. The C57BL/6 B16 melanoma and EL4 ...and 1% antibiotics- antimycotic solution (Mediatech, Herndon, VA). The EL4 (MART-1) cell line, an EL4 transfectant carrying the MART-1 cDNA and...chloride buffered (ACK) solution (0.83% (w/v) NH4Cl, 0.14% (w/v) KHCO3, 0.002% Na2EDTA, pH 7.3) and restimulated with heavily irradiated (50 Gy) EL4

  3. An essential role of mast cells in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine asthma model.

    PubMed

    Kobayashi, T; Miura, T; Haba, T; Sato, M; Serizawa, I; Nagai, H; Ishizaka, K

    2000-04-01

    Immunization of BALB/c mice with alum-adsorbed OVA, followed by three bronchoprovocations with aerosolized OVA, resulted in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic inflammation in the lung accompanied by severe infiltration of eosinophils into airways. In this murine asthma model, administration of monoclonal anti-IL-5 Ab before each Ag challenge markedly inhibited airway eosinophilia, but the treatment did not affect the development of AHR. Immunization and aerosol challenges with OVA following the same protocol failed to induce AHR in the mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice, but induced AHR in their congenic littermates, i.e., WBB6F1 (+/+) mice. No significant difference was found between the W/Wv mice and +/+ mice with respect to the IgE and IgG1 anti-OVA Ab responses and to the airway eosinophilia after Ag provocations. It was also found that reconstitution of W/Wv mice with bone marrow-derived mast cells cultured from normal littermates restored the capacity of developing Ag-induced AHR, indicating that lack of mast cells was responsible for the failure of W/Wv mice to develop Ag-induced AHR under the experimental conditions. However, the OVA-immunized W/Wv mice developed AHR by increasing the frequency and Ag dose of bronchoprovocations. The results suggested that AHR could be developed by two distinct cellular mechanisms. One would go through mast cell activation and the other is IgE/mast cell independent but an eosinophil/IL-5-dependent mechanism.

  4. Efficacy of a novel topical fipronil, (S)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel combination against naturally acquired intestinal nematode and cestode infections in cats.

    PubMed

    Knaus, Martin; Abu-Madi, Marawan A; Ibarra-Velarde, Froylán; Kok, Dawie J; Kusi, Ilir; Postoli, Rezart; Chester, S Theodore; Rosentel, Joseph; Alva, Roberto; Irwin, Jennifer; Visser, Martin; Winter, Renate; Rehbein, Steffen

    2014-04-28

    The efficacy of a novel topical combination formulation of fipronil, (S)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel against naturally acquired intestinal nematode and cestode infections in cats was evaluated in seven negative control, blinded studies. Cats were selected based on a pre-treatment faecal examination indicating a patent infection with at least hookworms (two studies), Toxocara ascarids (one study), taeniid cestodes (two studies) or Dipylidium cestodes (two studies). In each study, cats were assigned randomly to blocks of two animals each, based on decreasing pre-treatment body weight and were randomly allocated to one of two groups of six to 12 cats: untreated (control) or treated with topical fipronil (8.3%, w/v), (S)-methoprene (10%, w/v), eprinomectin (0.4%, w/v) and praziquantel (8.3%, w/v) (BROADLINE(®), Merial) at 0.12 mL/kg body weight (providing a minimum of 10mg fipronil+12 mg S-methoprene+0.5mg eprinomectin+10mg praziquantel per kg body weight). The topical treatment was administered directly on the skin in the midline of the neck in a single spot once on Day 0. For parasite recovery and count, cats were euthanized humanely and necropsied seven or ten days after treatment. A single treatment with the novel topical combination product provided 91% efficacy against Ancylostoma braziliense, ≥ 99% efficacy against Ancylostoma tubaeforme, and >97% efficacy against Toxocara cati. Similarly, excellent efficacy was established against Taenia taeniaeformis, Dipylidium caninum and Diplopylidium spp. as demonstrated by >97% and up to 100% reductions of cestode counts in the treated cats when compared to the untreated controls (P<0.01). All cats accepted the treatment well based on health observations post-treatment and daily health observations. No adverse experiences or other health problems were observed throughout the studies. The results of this series of controlled studies demonstrated high efficacy and excellent acceptability of the novel

  5. Sputtering Deposition of Sandwich-Structured V2O5/Metal (V, W)/V2O5 Multilayers for the Preparation of High-Performance Thermally Sensitive VO2 Thin Films with Selectivity of VO2 (B) and VO2 (M) Polymorph.

    PubMed

    Liu, Hengwu; Wan, Dongyun; Ishaq, Ahmad; Chen, Lanli; Guo, Beibei; Shi, Siqi; Luo, Hongjie; Gao, Yanfeng

    2016-03-01

    For specific application to an uncooled infrared detector, VO2 thin films should have a series of characteristics including purposefully chosen polymorphs, accurate stoichiometry, phase stabilization, a high temperature-coefficient of resistance (TCR), and suitable square-resistance. This work reports controllable preparation of high-performance VO2 films via post annealing of a sandwich-structured V2O5/metal (V, W)/V2O5 multilayer precursor, which was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. This sandwich structure can dynamically regulate oxygen contents and doping element levels in the films, enabling us to achieve accurate regulation of stoichiometry and polymorphs. The precursor films undergo a B to M phase transition depending on the quantity of the metal layers. At the thickness of the metal layer below a limitation, the resulting film after heat treatment was VO2 (B), and above the limitation, the product was VO2 (M). The optical modulation of the VO2 (M) in the near-infrared region can be tuned from 1.2 to 39.8% (ΔT2000 nm). TCR values can range from -1.89 to -4.29%/K and the square-resistances at room temperature (R0) from 69.68 to 12.63 kΩ. The simplicity in phase regulation of the present method and the superior optical and electrical properties of the films may allow its wide applications in thermo-opto-electro sensing devices.

  6. Gelucire44/14 as a novel absorption enhancer for drugs with different hydrophilicities: in vitro and in vivo improvement on transcorneal permeation.

    PubMed

    Liu, Rui; Liu, Zhidong; Zhang, Chengui; Zhang, Boli

    2011-08-01

    The objective of this study was to investigate the application of Gelucire44/14 as a novel absorption enhancer in ophthalmic drug delivery system. Six compounds, namely ribavirin, puerarin, mangiferin, berberin hydrochloride, baicalin, and curcumin in the order of increasing lipophilicity were selected as model drugs. The effect of Gelucire44/14 on transcorneal permeation was evaluated across excised rabbit cornea. Ocular irritation and precorneal retention time were assessed. Additionally, aqueous humor pharmacokinetic test was performed by microdialysis. The results indicated that Gelucire44/14, at a concentration of 0.05% or 0.1% (w/v), was found to maximally increase the apparent permeability coefficient by 6.47-, 4.14-, 3.50-, 3.97-, 2.92-, and 1.86-fold for ribavirin, puerarin, mangiferin, berberin hydrochloride, baicalin, and curcumin, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, Gelucire44/14 was nonirritant at broad concentrations of 0.025%-0.4% (w/v). Pharmacokinetic tests showed that Gelucire44/14 promoted ocular bioavailability of the compounds as indicated by 5.40-, 4.03-, 3.46-, 3.57-, 2.77-, and 1.77-fold maximal increase in the area under the curve for the drugs aforementioned, respectively (p < 0.01). Therefore, Gelucire44/14 exerted a significant improvement on the permeation of both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, especially hydrophilic ones. Hence, Gelucire44/14 can be considered as a safe and effective absorption enhancer for ophthalmic drug delivery system. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  7. Removal of Volatile Organics from Humidified Air Streams by Absorption.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-12-01

    Type Comments Activated Carbons: SK-4 nut shell LCL coconut shell WV-B coal base CT coconut shell Specialty Carbons: Graphpac graphitized carbon area...Capacity, g/g Percentage Sorbent ( virgin ) (treated)D Change SK-4 0.114 0.117 +2.6 Carbosieve S-11 0.195 0.180 -7.7 Spherocarb 0.149 0.151 +1.3 CT...and WV-B with respect to their adsorption capacities. CT and SK-4 are both coconut -derived carbons produced by the same manufacturer. Differences

  8. Use of a mixture of n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside and sodium dodecyl sulfate in poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchips to suppress adhesion and promote separation of proteins.

    PubMed

    Huang, Bo; Kim, Samuel; Wu, Hongkai; Zare, Richard N

    2007-12-01

    Dynamic modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) channels using a mixture of n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside (DDM) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is able to suppress analyte adsorption and control electroosmotic flow (EOF). In this mixed surfactant system, the nonionic surfactant DDM functions as a surface blocking reagent, whereas the anionic surfactant SDS introduces negative charges to the channel walls. Changing the DDM/SDS mixing ratio tunes the surface charge density and the strength of EOF. Using 0.1% (w/v) DDM and 0.03% (w/v) SDS, Alexa Fluor 647 labeled streptavidin can be analyzed according to the charges added by the fluorophores. Protein molecules with different numbers of fluorophores are well resolved. DDM and SDS also form negatively charged mixed micelles, which act as a separation medium. The low critical micellar concentration of DDM/SDS mixed micelles also allows the use of SDS at a nondenaturing concentration, which enables the analysis of proteins in their native state. The immunocomplex between a membrane protein, beta2 adrenergic receptor, and anti-FLAG antibody has been fully separated using 0.1% (w/v) DDM and 0.03% (w/v) SDS. We have also analyzed the composition of light-harvesting protein-chromophore complexes in cyanobacteria.

  9. Functionality of selected strains of moulds and yeasts from Vietnamese rice wine starters.

    PubMed

    Dung, N T P; Rombouts, F M; Nout, M J R

    2006-06-01

    The role of starch-degrading mycelial fungi, and the alcohol production and ethanol tolerance of the yeasts isolated from selected Vietnamese traditional rice wine starters were examined, and optimum conditions for these essential steps in rice wine fermentation were determined. Of pure isolates from Vietnamese rice wine starters, mould strains identified as Amylomyces rouxii, Amylomyces aff. rouxii, Rhizopus oligosporus and Rhizopus oryzae, were superior in starch degradation, glucose production and amyloglucosidase activity during the saccharification of purple glutinous rice. A. rouxii was able to produce up to 25%w/w glucose with an amyloglucosidase activity up to 0.6 Ug(-1) of fermented moulded mass. Five yeast isolates identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae were selected for their superior alcohol productivity. They were able to deplete a relatively high initial percentage of glucose (20% w/v), forming 8.8% w/v ethanol. The ethanol tolerance of S. cerevisiae in challenge tests was 9-10% w/v, and 13.4% w/v as measured in fed-batch fermentations. Optimum conditions for the saccharification were: incubation for 2 d at 34 degrees C, of steamed rice inoculated with 5 log cfu g(-1); for the alcoholic fermentation 4 d at 28.3 degrees C, of saccharified rice liquid inoculated with 5.5 log cfu mL(-1).

  10. Comparison of Battlefield-expedient Topical Antimicrobial Agents for the Prevention of Burn Wound Sepsis in a Rat Model

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-08-01

    Bertek Pharmaceuticals, Morgantown WV); 5% mafenide hydrochloride solution (MHS, Sigma, St. Louis, MO), and 4% chlorhexidine digluconate solution...silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent, silver sulphadiazine 1 per cent plus chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2 per cent and mafenide acetate 8.5 per cent for...Comparison of silver sulfadiazine 1% with chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% to silver sulfadiazine 1% alone in the prophylactic topical anti- bacterial treatment

  11. Perfusion properties of scaffolds: A new approach to tissue engineering designs for bone regeneration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larionov, P. M.; Maslov, N. A.; Papaeva, E. O.; Yunoshev, A. S.; Filipenko, M. L.; Bogachev, S. S.; Proskurina, A. S.; Samokhin, A. G.; Kudrov, G. A.; Tereshchenko, V. P.; Pavlov, V. V.; Mihailovsky, M. V.; Prohorenko, V. M.; Titov, A. T.; Mamonova, E. V.; Sadovoy, M. A.

    2017-09-01

    The main approach to tissue engineering involves the use of scaffolds seeded with cells, followed by culturing in a bioreactor. However, the effective use of a bioreactor requires adaptation of the scaffold at the stage of its design. In our opinion, this means assessment of the perfusion properties of the scaffold. Transverse and longitudinal perfusion under hydrostatic pressure of 5, 10, and 15 mmHg, as well as the significance of electrospinning parameters for fabrication of a scaffold sheet and the composition of composite material—11% w/v polycaprolactone with gelatinization of 0.5%, 2%, and 4%, were demonstrated.

  12. In vivo comparison of various polymeric and low molecular mass inhibitors of intestinal P-glycoprotein.

    PubMed

    Föger, Florian; Hoyer, Herbert; Kafedjiiski, Krum; Thaurer, Michael; Bernkop-Schnürch, Andreas

    2006-12-01

    Several polymers have been reported to modulate drug absorption by inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The aim of the present study was to provide a direct in vivo comparison of delivery systems based on Pluronic P85, Myrj 52 and chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine (Ch-TBA) in vivo in rats, using rhodamine-123 (Rho-123) as representative P-gp substrate. Furthermore, the postulated low molecular mass P-gp inhibitors 6-mercaptopurine and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the permeation enhancing effect of 6-mercaptopurine, GSH, Pluronic P85, Myrj 52, and the combination of Ch-TBA with GSH was evaluated by using freshly excised rat intestinal mucosa mounted in Ussing-type diffusion chambers. In comparison to buffer only, Rho-123 transport in presence of 100 microm 6-mercaptopurine, 0.5% (w/v) GSH, 0.5% (w/v) Pluronic P85, 0.5% (w/v) Myrj 52 and the combination of 0.5% (w/v) Ch-TBA/ 0.5% (w/v) GSH, was 2.1, 1.6, 1.9, 1.8, 3.0-fold improved, respectively. In vivo in rat, enteric-coated tablets based on Pluronic P85, Myrj 52 or Ch-TBA/GSH increased the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC(0-12)) of Rho-123 1.6-fold, 2.4-fold, 4.3-fold, respectively, in comparison to control only. Contrariwise, the low molecular mass excipients 6-mercaptopurine and GSH showed no significant effect in vivo at all. This in vivo study showed that polymeric P-gp inhibitors and especially the delivery system based on thiolated chitosan significantly increased the oral bioavailability of P-gp substrate Rho-123.

  13. Functionality-Oriented Derivatization of Naphthalene Diimide: A Molecular Gel Strategy-Based Fluorescent Film for Aniline Vapor Detection.

    PubMed

    Fan, Jiayun; Chang, Xingmao; He, Meixia; Shang, Congdi; Wang, Gang; Yin, Shiwei; Peng, Haonan; Fang, Yu

    2016-07-20

    Modification of naphthalene diimide (NDI) resulted in a photochemically stable, fluorescent 3,4,5-tris(dodecyloxy)benzamide derivative of NDI (TDBNDI), and introduction of the long alkyl chains endowed the compound with good compatibility with commonly found organic solvents and in particular superior self-assembly in the solution state. Further studies revealed that TDBNDI forms gels with nine of the 18 solvents tested at a concentration of 2.0% (w/v), and the critical gelation concentrations of five of the eight gels are lower than 1.0% (w/v), indicating the high efficiency of the compound as a low-molecular mass gelator (LMMG). Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy studies revealed the networked fibrillar structure of the TDBNDI/methylcyclohexane (MCH) gel. On the basis of these findings, a fluorescent film was developed via simple spin-coating of the TDBNDI/MCH gel on a glass substrate surface. Fluorescence behavior and sensing performance studies demonstrated that this film is photochemically stable, and sensitive and selective to the presence of aniline vapor. Notably, the response is instantaneous, and the sensing process is fully and quickly reversible. This case study demonstrates that derivatization of photochemically stable fluorophores into LMMGs is a good strategy for developing high-performance fluorescent sensing films.

  14. Mutation analysis of COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes in a Chinese autosomal-dominant Alport syndrome family.

    PubMed

    Guo, Liwei; Li, Duan; Dong, Shuangshuang; Wan, Donghao; Yang, Baosheng; Huang, Yanmei

    2017-06-01

    Autosomal dominant Alport syndrome (ADAS) accounts for 5% of all cases of Alport syndrome (AS), a primary basement membrane disorder arising from mutations in genes encoding the type IV collagen protein family.Mutations in COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes were reported to be associated with ADAS. In this study, clinical data in a large consanguineous family with seven affected members were reviewed, and genomic DNA was extracted. For mutation screening, all exons of COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes were polymerase chain reaction-amplified and direct sequenced from genomic DNA, and the mutations were analyzed by comparing with members in this family, 100 ethnicitymatched controls and the sequence of COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes from GenBank. A novel mutation determining a nucleotide change was found, i.e. c.4195 A>T (p.Met1399Leu) at 44th exon of COL4A4 gene, and this mutation showed heterozygous in all patients of this family. Also a novel intron mutation (c.4127+11 C>T) was observed at COL4A4 gene. Thus the novel missense mutation c.4195 A>T (p.Met1399Leu) and the intron mutation (c.4127+11 C>T) at COL4A4 gene might be responsible for ADAS of this family. Our results broadened the spectrum of mutations in COL4A4 and had important implications in the diagnosis, prognosis, and genetic counselling of ADAS.

  15. Increased Production of Food-Grade d-Tagatose from d-Galactose by Permeabilized and Immobilized Cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum, a GRAS Host, Expressing d-Galactose Isomerase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans.

    PubMed

    Shin, Kyung-Chul; Sim, Dong-Hyun; Seo, Min-Ju; Oh, Deok-Kun

    2016-11-02

    The generally recognized as safe microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum expressing Geobacillus thermodenitrificans d-galactose isomerase (d-GaI) was an efficient host for the production of d-tagatose, a functional sweetener. The d-tagatose production at 500 g/L d-galactose by the host was 1.4-fold higher than that by Escherichia coli expressing d-GaI. The d-tagatose-producing activity of permeabilized C. glutamicum (PCG) cells treated with 1% (w/v) Triton X-100 was 2.1-fold higher than that of untreated cells. Permeabilized and immobilized C. glutamicum (PICG) cells in 3% (w/v) alginate showed a 3.1-fold longer half-life at 50 °C and 3.1-fold higher total d-tagatose concentration in repeated batch reactions than PCG cells. PICG cells, which produced 165 g/L d-tagatose after 3 h, with a conversion of 55% (w/w) and a productivity of 55 g/L/h, showed significantly higher d-tagatose productivity than that reported for other cells. Thus, d-tagatose production by PICG cells may be an economical process to produce food-grade d-tagatose.

  16. Isolation and identification of a novel bacterium, Lactobacillus sakei subsp. dgh strain 5, and optimization of growth condition for highest antagonistic activity.

    PubMed

    Tashakor, Amin; Hosseinzadehdehkordi, Mahshid; Emruzi, Zeynab; Gholami, Dariush

    2017-05-01

    In the present study, we isolated Lactobacillus sakei strain DGH5 from raw beef meat. This bacterium plays an inhibitory effect against food-spoiling bacteria and food-borne pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive and pathogenic bacterium. Lactobacillus sakei strain DGH5 was identified through both phenotypical and biochemical tests accompanied with 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Among all the sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous forms, we selected the most potent compounds to optimize the condition for the highest antagonistic activity. Among the sugars, polygalacturonic acid demonstrated to improve the antagonistic activity. Ammonium nitrate demonstrated to be suitable nitrogen sources. Amongst phosphorous sources, disodium hydrogen phosphate had the greatest antagonistic effect. According to Taguchi's orthogonal array, temperature, disodium hydrogen phosphate and soy Peptone had significant effect on antagonistic activity. Furthermore, mean comparisons showed that the optimum conditions achieved at pH 6.0, 25 °C temperature, 1.5% (w/v) Na 2 HPO 4 and 0.5% (w/v) peptone. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Purification and Characterization of a Thermostable Lipase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans IBRL-nra

    PubMed Central

    Balan, Anuradha; Ibrahim, Darah; Abdul Rahim, Rashidah; Ahmad Rashid, Fatimah Azzahra

    2012-01-01

    Thermostable lipase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans IBRL-nra was purified and characterized. The production of thermostable lipase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans IBRL-nra was carried out in a shake-flask system at 65°C in cultivation medium containing; glucose 1.0% (w/v); yeast extract 1.25% (w/v); NaCl 0.45% (w/v) olive oil 0.1% (v/v) with agitation of 200 rpm for 24 hours. The extracted extracellular crude thermostable lipase was purified to homogeneity by using ultrafiltration, Heparin-affinity chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel-filtration chromatography by 34 times with a final yield of 9%. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 30 kDa after SDS-PAGE analysis. The optimal temperature for thermostable lipase was 65°C and it retained its initial activity for 3 hours. Thermostable lipase activity was highest at pH 7.0 and stable for 16 hours at this pH at 65°C. Thermostable lipase showed elevated activity when pretreated with BaCl2, CaCl2, and KCl with 112%, 108%, and 106%, respectively. Lipase hydrolyzed tripalmitin (C16) and olive oil with optimal activity (100%) compared to other substrates. PMID:23198138

  18. A qualitative assessment of West Virginia pharmacist activities and attitude in diabetes management.

    PubMed

    Shatnawi, Aymen; Latif, David A

    2017-06-01

    The role of pharmacists in chronic disease state management has been shown to significantly improve patient health outcomes and reduce overall health care costs. The current study is designed to assess the roles and attitudes of West Virginia (WV) pharmacists toward diabetes, evaluate services provided, address pharmacist clinical understanding and training, and demonstrate the challenges that limit pharmacists ability to deliver an efficient disease state management. We invited 435 preceptors affiliated with the University of Charleston School of Pharmacy to participate in the study using Qualtrics online survey software. The survey was divided into sections related to pharmacists, practice environment, pharmacist's roles in diabetes management, and challenges faced that limit their ability to deliver effective care to diabetic patients. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance, and a P value ≤.05 was considered statistically significant. Of all eligible invited preceptors, 104 accessed the online survey based on the Qualtrics tracking tool, while 58 participated in the survey with a 56% response rate. Generally, WV pharmacists have positive attitudes regarding the provision of primary activities related to drug use and its associated problems. However, we report that WV pharmacists are less involved in providing education or recommendations regarding diabetes-associated risk factors such as nephropathy, retinopathy, foot care, and gastroparesis. In addition, the majority of pharmacists indicated that they face many challenges related to patient and the practice site environment that limit their ability to provide optimum diabetes patient care services. Despite the mounting evidence that pharmacists can improve diabetic patient outcomes while significantly reducing overall costs, WV pharmacists are less involved in providing education or counseling in a variety of areas related to disease state management. In addition, identifying pharmacist

  19. Isolation of hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) metabolite from halotolerant Bacillus methylotrophicus MHC10 and its inhibitory activity towards bacterial pathogens.

    PubMed

    Jeyanthi, Venkadapathi; Anbu, Periasamy; Vairamani, Mariappanadar; Velusamy, Palaniyandi

    2016-03-01

    A halotolerant bacterial isolate-MHC10 with broad spectrum antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens was isolated from saltpans located in Tuticorin and Chennai (India). 16S rRNA gene analysis of MHC10 revealed close similarity to that of Bacillus methylotrophicus. The culture conditions of B. methylotrophicus MHC10 strain were optimized for antibacterial production using different carbon and nitrogen sources, as well as varying temperature, pH, sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations and incubation periods. The maximum antibacterial activity of B. methylotrophicus MHC10 was attained when ZMB was optimized with 1 % (w/v) glucose, 0.1 % (w/v) soybean meal which corresponded to a C/N ratio of 38.83, temperature at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and 8 % NaCl. The activity remained stable between 72 and 96 h and then drastically decreased after 96 h. Solvent extraction followed by chromatographic purification steps led to the isolation of hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol). The structure of the purified compound was elucidated based on FTIR, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The compound exhibited efficient antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Gram-positive pathogens ranged from 15.625 to 62.5 µg/mL(-1), while it was between 7.81 and 250 µg/mL(-1) for Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. This is the first report of hydroquinone produced by halotolerant B. methylotrophicus exhibiting promising antibacterial activity.

  20. Polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure in the Mid-Ohio River Valley, 1991-2012.

    PubMed

    Herrick, Robert L; Buckholz, Jeanette; Biro, Frank M; Calafat, Antonia M; Ye, Xiaoyun; Xie, Changchun; Pinney, Susan M

    2017-09-01

    Industrial discharges of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) to the Ohio River, contaminating water systems near Parkersburg, WV, were previously associated with nearby residents' serum PFOA concentrations above US general population medians. Ohio River PFOA concentrations downstream are elevated, suggesting Mid-Ohio River Valley residents are exposed through drinking water. Quantify PFOA and 10 other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Mid-Ohio River Valley resident sera collected between 1991 and 2013 and determine whether the Ohio River and Ohio River Aquifer are exposure sources. We measured eleven PFAS in 1608 sera from 931 participants. Serum PFOA concentration and water source associations were assessed using linear mixed-effects models. We estimated between-sample serum PFOA using one-compartment pharmacokinetics for participants with multiple samples. In serum samples collected as early as 1991, PFOA (median = 7.6 ng/mL) was detected in 99.9% of sera; 47% had concentrations greater than US population 95th percentiles. Five other PFAS were detected in greater than 82% of samples; median other PFAS concentrations were similar to the US general population. Serum PFOA was significantly associated with water source, sampling year, age at sampling, tap water consumption, pregnancy, gravidity and breastfeeding. Serum PFOA was 40-60% lower with granular activated carbon (GAC) use. Repeated measurements and pharmacokinetics suggest serum PFOA peaked 2000-2006 for participants using water without GAC treatment; where GAC was used, serum PFOA concentrations decreased from 1991 to 2012. Mid-Ohio River Valley residents appear to have PFOA, but not other PFAS, serum concentrations above US population levels. Drinking water from the Ohio River and Ohio River Aquifer, primarily contaminated by industrial discharges 209-666 km upstream, is likely the primary exposure source. GAC treatment of drinking water mitigates, but does not eliminate, PFOA exposure. Copyright

  1. Application of silver nanofluid containing oleic acid surfactant in a thermosyphon economizer.

    PubMed

    Parametthanuwat, Thanya; Rittidech, Sampan; Pattiya, Adisak; Ding, Yulong; Witharana, Sanjeeva

    2011-04-07

    This article reports a recent study on the application of a two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) in a thermosyphon for economizer (TPEC). The TPEC had three sections of equal size; the evaporator, the adiabatic section, and the condenser, of 250 mm × 250 mm × 250 mm (W × L × H). The TPCT was a steel tube of 12.7-mm ID. The filling ratios chosen to study were 30, 50, and 80% with respect to the evaporator length. The volumetric flow rates for the coolant (in the condenser) were 1, 2.5, and 5 l/min. Five working fluids investigated were: water, water-based silver nanofluid with silver concentration 0.5 w/v%, and the nanofluid (NF) mixed with 0.5, 1, and 1.5 w/v% of oleic acid (OA). The operating temperatures were 60, 70, and 80°C. Experimental data showed that the TPEC gave the highest heat flux of about 25 kW/m2 and the highest effectiveness of about 0.3 at a filling ratio of 50%, with the nanofluid containing 1 w/v% of OA. It was further found that the effectiveness of nanofluid and the OA containing nanofluids were superior in effectiveness over water in all experimental conditions came under this study. Moreover, the presence of OA had clearly contributed to raise the effectiveness of the nanofluid.

  2. Application of silver nanofluid containing oleic acid surfactant in a thermosyphon economizer

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    This article reports a recent study on the application of a two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) in a thermosyphon for economizer (TPEC). The TPEC had three sections of equal size; the evaporator, the adiabatic section, and the condenser, of 250 mm × 250 mm × 250 mm (W × L × H). The TPCT was a steel tube of 12.7-mm ID. The filling ratios chosen to study were 30, 50, and 80% with respect to the evaporator length. The volumetric flow rates for the coolant (in the condenser) were 1, 2.5, and 5 l/min. Five working fluids investigated were: water, water-based silver nanofluid with silver concentration 0.5 w/v%, and the nanofluid (NF) mixed with 0.5, 1, and 1.5 w/v% of oleic acid (OA). The operating temperatures were 60, 70, and 80°C. Experimental data showed that the TPEC gave the highest heat flux of about 25 kW/m2 and the highest effectiveness of about 0.3 at a filling ratio of 50%, with the nanofluid containing 1 w/v% of OA. It was further found that the effectiveness of nanofluid and the OA containing nanofluids were superior in effectiveness over water in all experimental conditions came under this study. Moreover, the presence of OA had clearly contributed to raise the effectiveness of the nanofluid. PMID:21711856

  3. Single step purification of concanavalin A (Con A) and bio-sugar production from jack bean using glucosylated magnetic nano matrix.

    PubMed

    Kim, Ho Myeong; Cho, Eun Jin; Bae, Hyeun-Jong

    2016-08-01

    Jack bean (JB, Canavalia ensiformis) is the source of bio-based products, such as proteins and bio-sugars that contribute to modern molecular biology and biomedical research. In this study, the use of jack bean was evaluated as a source for concanavalin A (Con A) and bio-sugar production. A novel method for purifying Con A from JBs was successfully developed using a glucosylated magnetic nano matrix (GMNM) as a physical support, which facilitated easy separation and purification of Con A. In addition, the enzymatic conversion rate of 2% (w/v) Con A extracted residue to bio-sugar was 98.4%. Therefore, this new approach for the production of Con A and bio-sugar is potentially useful for obtaining bio-based products from jack bean. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Solubilization conditions for bovine heart mitochondrial membranes allow selective purification of large quantities of respiratory complexes I, III, and V.

    PubMed

    Shimada, Satoru; Maeda, Shintaro; Hikita, Masahide; Mieda-Higa, Kaoru; Uene, Shigefumi; Nariai, Yukiko; Shinzawa-Itoh, Kyoko

    2018-04-24

    Ascertaining the structure and functions of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes is essential to understanding the biological mechanisms of energy conversion; therefore, numerous studies have examined these complexes. A fundamental part of that research involves devising a method for purifying samples with good reproducibility; the samples obtained need to be stable and their constituents need to retain the same structure and functions they possess when in mitochondrial membranes. Submitochondrial bovine heart particles were isolated using differential centrifugation to adjust to a membrane concentration of 46.0% (w/v) or 31.5% (w/v) based on weight. After 0.7% (w/v) deoxycholic acid, 0.4% (w/v) decyl maltoside, and 7.2% (w/v) potassium chloride were added to the mitochondrial membranes, those membranes were solubilized. At a membrane concentration of 46%, complex V was selectively solubilized, whereas at a concentration of 31.5% (w/v), complexes I and III were solubilized. Two steps-sucrose density gradient centrifugation and anion-exchange chromatography on a POROS HQ 20 μm column-enabled selective purification of samples that retained their structure and functions. These two steps enabled complexes I, III, and V to be purified in two days with a high yield. Complexes I, III, and V were stabilized with n-decyl-β-D-maltoside. A total of 200 mg-300 mg of those complexes from one bovine heart (1.1 kg muscle) was purified with good reproducibility, and the complexes retained the same functions they possessed while in mitochondrial membranes. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. 75 FR 24790 - IFR Altitudes; Miscellaneous Amendments

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-06

    ... Read in Part *Italy, WV FIX REACH, WV FIX 4000 *4000-MRA Reach, WV FIX ELKINS, WV VORTAC....... 4400...-MOCA Cleep, TX FIX *Legge, TX FIX 3100 *3000-MRA Napoleon, MO VORTAC LAMONI, IA VORTAC....... 2900 Sec... in Part Sacky, WV FIX *Julea, WV FIX 3000 *5000-MRA *Julea, WV FIX Benzo, WV FIX 3300 *5000-MRA Benzo...

  6. Topical Hazard Evaluation Program of Candidate Insect Repellents AI3-38352a, AI3-38354a, AI3-38355a, US Department of Agriculture Proprietary Chemicals, May 1982 - November 1983.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-11-01

    irrita- chemical and of 10% (wv) A13-38357a, AI3-38360a, tion reaction under Oil of Bergamot (positive and Ar3-38361a did test conditions and control...caused a greater Irritant positive control (Oil of effect than In un- Bergamot ) and diluent were Irradiated skin areas. applied to additional skin

  7. Effect of nutrient supplements addition on ethanol production from cheese whey using Candida psuedotropicalis under batch condition

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ghaly, A.E.; El-Taweel, A.A.

    1995-05-01

    Candida psuedotropicalis ATCC 8619 was selected among nine strains of lactose fermenting yeast for the production of ethanol from cheese whey. The effects of three nutrients (ammonium sulfate (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 4}, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate K{sub 2}HPO{sub 4}, yeast extract, and combination of them) on the ethanol yield from cheese whey were investigated. The results indicated that no addition of nutrient supplement is necessary to achieve complete lactose utilization during the cheese whey ethanol fermentation. However, addition of a small concentration (0.005% w/v) of these supplements reduced the lag period and the total fermentation time and increased the specific growthmore » rate of the yeast. Higher concentrations (0.01 and 0.015% w/v) of ammonium sulfate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate inhibited the cell growth rate of the yeast. The highest ethanol (21.7% g/L) was achieved using yeast extract at a concentration of 0.01% w/v, given a conversion efficiency of 98.3%. No indication of alcohol inhibition was observed in this study. 60 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.« less

  8. Characterization of the psychrotolerant acetogen strain SyrA5 and the emended description of the species Acetobacterium carbinolicum.

    PubMed

    Paarup, Maiken; Friedrich, Michael W; Tindall, Brian J; Finster, Kai

    2006-01-01

    A psychrotolerant, obligate anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium designated strain SyrA5 was isolated from black anoxic sediment of a brackish fjord. Cells were Gram-positive, non-sporeforming rods. The isolate utilized H(2)/CO(2), CO, fructose, glucose, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, pyruvate, lactate, betaine and the methyl-groups of several methoxylated benzoic derivatives such as syringate, trimethoxybenzoate and vallinate. The optimum temperature for growth was 29 degrees C, whilst slow growth occurred at 2 degrees C. The strain grew optimally with NaCl concentrations below 2.7% (w/v), but growth occurred up to 4.3% (w/v) NaCl. Growth was observed in the range from pH 5.9 to 8.5, optimum at pH 8. The G+C content was 44.1 mol%. Based upon 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA reassociation studies, the organism was classified in the genus Acetobacterium. Strain SyrA5 shared a 16S rRNA sequence similarity with A. carbinolicum of 100%, a fthfs gene (which codes for the N5,N10 tetrahydrofolate synthetase) sequence identity of 98.5-98.7% (amino acid sequence similarities were 99.4-100%) and a RNA-DNA hybridization homology of 64-68%. Despite a number of phenotypic differences between strain SyrA5 and A. carbinolicum we propose including strain SyrA5 as a subspecies of A. carbinolicum for which we propose the name Acetobacterium carbinolicum subspecies kysingense. The type strain is SyrA5 (=DSM 16427(T), ATCC BAA-990).

  9. Enhanced photocatalytic performance of BiVO4 in aqueous AgNO3 solution under visible light irradiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huang, Chien-Kai; Wu, Tsunghsueh; Huang, Chang-Wei; Lai, Chi-Yung; Wu, Mei-Yao; Lin, Yang-Wei

    2017-03-01

    Monoclinic-phase bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) with a 2.468 eV band gap exhibited enhanced synergic photodegradation activity toward methylene blue (MB) when combined with silver ions (Ag+) in an aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The mass ratio of AgNO3 to BiVO4 and the calcination temperature were discovered to considerably affect the degradation activity of BiVO4/Ag+. Superior photocatalytic performance was obtained when BiVO4 was mixed with 0.01%(w/v) AgNO3 solution, and complete degradation of MB was achieved after 25 min visible light irradiation, outperforming BiVO4 or AgNO3 solution alone. The enhanced photodegradation was investigated using systematic luminescence measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scavenger addition, after which a photocatalytic mechanism for MB degradation under visible light irradiation was identified that involved oxygen radicals and holes. This study also discovered the two dominating processes involved in enhancing the electron-hole separation efficiency and reducing their recombination rate, namely photoreduction of Ag+ and the formation of a BiVO4/Ag heterojunction. The synergic effect between BiVO4 and Ag+ was discovered to be unique. BiVO4/Ag+ was successfully used to degrade two other dyes and disinfect Escherichia Coli. A unique fluorescent technique using BiVO4 and a R6G solution to detect Ag+ ions in water was discovered.

  10. A Mouse Model to Investigate Postmenopausal Biology as an Etiology of Ovarian Cancer Risk

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-11-01

    Wv mice and genetic alterations such as p53, pten, or p27kip1, which are found in human ovarian cancer. 2. Body: Research Progress In the first year...press (Yang et al., Am. J. Pathology 2007). To collaborate with the mouse model study, we have also examined human ovaries obtained from prophylactic...results in the coming years. Xu, Xiangxi, Ph.D. 8 3. Key Research Accomplishments (1) Further verify the relevance of the Wv mouse model to human

  11. Formulation and characterization of a porous, elastomeric biomaterial for vocal fold tissue engineering research

    PubMed Central

    Gaston, Joel; Bartlett, Rebecca S.; Klemuk, Sarah A.

    2014-01-01

    Objectives Biomaterials able to mimic the mechanical properties of vocal fold tissue may be particularly useful for furnishing three dimensional microenvironment allowing for in vitro investigation of cell and molecular responses to vibration. Motivated by the dearth of biomaterials available to be used in an in vitro model for vocal fold tissue, we investigated polyether polyurethane (PEU) matrices which are porous, mechanically tuneable biomaterials that are inexpensive and require only standard laboratory equipment for fabrication. Methods Rheology, dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy were performed on PEU matrices at 5%, 10% and 20% w/v mass concentrations. Results For 5%, 10%, and 20% w/v concentrations, shear storage modulus were 2 kPa, 3.4 kPa, and 6 kPa, respectively with shear loss modulus being 0.2 kPa, 0.38 kPa and 0.62 kPa, respectively. Storage modulus responded to applied frequency as a linear function. Mercury intrusion porosimetry revealed that all three mass concentrations of PEU have similar overall percent porosity, but differ in pore architecture. Conclusions 20 µm diameter pores are ideal for cell seeding, and range of mechanical properties indicates that the higher mass concentration PEU formulations are best suited for mimicking the viscoelastic properties of vocal fold tissue for in vitro research. PMID:24944281

  12. Characterization of Desulfovibrio salinus sp. nov., a slightly halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a saline lake in Tunisia.

    PubMed

    Ben Ali Gam, Zouhaier; Thioye, Abdoulaye; Cayol, Jean-Luc; Joseph, Manon; Fauque, Guy; Labat, Marc

    2018-03-01

    A novel slightly halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium, designated strain P1BSR T , was isolated from water of a saline lake in Tunisia. Strain P1BSR T had motile (single polar flagellum), Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming cells, occurring singly or in pairs. Strain P1BSR T grew at temperatures between 15 and 45 °C (optimum 40 °C), and in a pH range between 6 and 8.5 (optimum pH 6.7). The strain required NaCl for growth (1 % w/v), and tolerated high NaCl concentration (up to 12 % w/v) with an optimum of 3 % (w/v). Sulfate, thiosulfate and sulfite served as terminal electron acceptors, but not elemental sulfur, fumarate, nitrate and nitrite. Strain P1BSR T utilized lactate, pyruvate, formate, d-fructose and glycerol as carbon and energy sources. The main cellular fatty acid was C16 : 0 (50.8 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain P1BSR T was affiliated to the genus Desulfovibrio, with the type strains Desulfovibrio salexigens (96.51 %), Desulfovibrio zosterae (95.68 %), Desulfovibrio hydrothermalis (94.81 %) and Desulfovibrio ferrireducens (94.73 %) as its closest phylogenetic relatives. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed to assign strain P1BSR T to a novel species of the genus Desulfovibrio, Desulfovibrio salinus sp. nov. The type strain is P1BSR T (=DSM 101510 T =JCM 31065 T ).

  13. Retreived bacteria from Noctiluca miliaris (green) bloom of the northeastern Arabian Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Basu, Subhajit; Matondkar, S. G. Prabhu; Furtado, Irene

    2013-01-01

    In recent years, seasonal blooms of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca miliaris have appeared in the open-waters of the northern Arabian Sea (NAS). This study provides the first characterization of bacteria from a seasonal bloom of green Noctiluca of NAS (20°N-17°N and 64°E-70°E), during the spring-inter-monsoon cruise of Sagar Sampada 253, in March 2007. Bacterial growth as assessed by most-probable number (MPN) and plate counts, revealed `variable-physiotypes' over a wide range of salinities (0%-25% w/v NaCl), pH levels (5-8.5), and organic nutrient strengths, in comparison to non-bloom waters. MPN indices of bacteria in surface waters of bloom stations *DWK and *PRB, corresponded to (3.08-4.41)×103 cells/mL at 3.5% NaCl (w/v), and (2.82-9.49)×102 cells/mL at 25% (w/v) NaCl in tryptone-yeast extract broth (TYE). Plate counts were (1.12-4)×106 CFU/mL at 0% (w/v) NaCl, (1.28-3.9)×106 CFU/mL at 3.5% (w/v) NaCl, and (0.4-7)×104 CFU/mL at 25% NaCl (w/v) on TYE. One-tenth-strength Zobell's gave (0.6-3.74)×105 CFU/mL at pH 5 to (3.58-7.5)×105 CFU/mL at pH 8.5. These bacteria were identified to the genera Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Staphylococcus, Planococcus, Dietzia, Virgibacillus, Micrococcus, Sporosarcinae, Leucobacter, and Halomonas. The identity of three strains (GUFBSS253N2, GUFBSS253N30, and GUFBSS253N84) was confirmed through 16S rDNA sequence homology as Bacillus cohnii, Bacillus flexus, and Bacillus cereus. The ˜2-3-fold higher plate counts of culturable bacteria from the open-waters of the NAS indicate that these bacteria could critically determine the biogeochemical dynamics of the bloom and its milieu. The role of these bacteria in sustaining/terminating the bloom is under evaluation.

  14. Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of a medicinal soy yogurt containing health-benefit ingredients.

    PubMed

    Pyo, Young-Hee; Song, Sun-Mi

    2009-01-14

    Medicinal soy yogurt (sogurt) containing high levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), free amino acids (FAAs), statins, and isoflavone aglycones was developed using lactic acid bacteria (1:1 mixture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. latis KFRI 01181 and Lactobacillus plantarum KFRI 00144) and Monascus-fermented soybean extract (MFSE, 1.5%, w/v). Changes in the content of some functional components (GABA, FAAs, statins, isoflavones) and physical (pH, titratable acidity, water-holding capacity), biological (viable cell counts), and sensory characteristics of sogurts during fermentation and cold storage were examined. The medicinal sogurt contained significantly (p < 0.05) high levels of FAAs (2011.2 +/- 8.1 mg/100 g of dry weight of sogurt), GABA (45.5 +/- 1.9 mg), statins (100.1 +/- 7.5 microg), and isoflavone aglycones (56.4 +/- 4.6 mg) compared with the control sogurt (1167.1 +/- 8.1 mg, 32.1 +/- 2.5 mg, not detected, and 19.2 +/- 1.9 mg, respectively) after fermentation for 24 h at 35 degrees C. During cold storage for 30 days at 4 degrees C, medicinal sogurt displayed higher water-holding capacity and titratable acidity and total bacterial cells and lower pH than the control sogurt (p < 0.05). Overall sensory acceptability of medicinal sogurt supplemented with MFSE was higher than that of the control sogurt prepared without MFSE. The results indicate that the addition of the appropriate MFSE concentrations (1.5%, w/v) improved the physicochemical properties as well as sensory characteristics of soy yogurt, resulting in enhanced health-benefit ingredients and consumers' preferences.

  15. Cerebellar cortex development in the weaver condition presents regional and age-dependent abnormalities without differences in Purkinje cells neurogenesis.

    PubMed

    Martí, Joaquín; Santa-Cruz, María C; Hervás, José P; Bayer, Shirley A; Villegas, Sandra

    2016-01-01

    Ataxias are neurological disorders associated with the degeneration of Purkinje cells (PCs). Homozygous weaver mice (wv/wv) have been proposed as a model for hereditary cerebellar ataxia because they present motor abnormalities and PC loss. To ascertain the physiopathology of the weaver condition, the development of the cerebellar cortex lobes was examined at postnatal day (P): P8, P20 and P90. Three approaches were used: 1) quantitative determination of several cerebellar features; 2) qualitative evaluation of the developmental changes occurring in the cortical lobes; and 3) autoradiographic analyses of PC generation and placement. Our results revealed a reduction in the size of the wv/wv cerebellum as a whole, confirming previous results. However, as distinguished from these reports, we observed that quantified parameters contribute differently to the abnormal growth of the wv/wv cerebellar lobes. Qualitative analysis showed anomalies in wv/wv cerebellar cytoarchitecture, depending on the age and lobe analyzed. Such abnormalities included the presence of the external granular layer after P20 and, at P90, ectopic cells located in the molecular layer following several placement patterns. Finally, we obtained autoradiographic evidence that wild-type and wv/wv PCs presented similar neurogenetic timetables, as reported. However, the innovative character of this current work lies in the fact that the neurogenetic gradients of wv/wv PCs were not modified from P8 to P90. A tendency for the accumulation of late-formed PCs in the anterior and posterior lobes was found, whereas early-generated PCs were concentrated in the central and inferior lobes. These data suggested that wv/wv PCs may migrate properly to their final destinations. The extrapolation of our results to patients affected with cerebellar ataxias suggests that all cerebellar cortex lobes are affected with several age-dependent alterations in cytoarchitectonics. We also propose that PC loss may be regionally

  16. A -cation control of magnetoelectric quadrupole order in A (TiO)Cu 4(PO4)4(A =Ba ,Sr, and Pb)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kimura, K.; Toyoda, M.; Babkevich, P.; Yamauchi, K.; Sera, M.; Nassif, V.; Rønnow, H. M.; Kimura, T.

    2018-04-01

    Ferroic magnetic quadrupole order exhibiting macroscopic magnetoelectric activity is discovered in the novel compound A (TiO ) Cu4(PO4)4 with A = Pb, which is in contrast with antiferroic quadrupole order observed in the isostructural compounds with A = Ba and Sr. Unlike the famous lone-pair stereochemical activity which often triggers ferroelectricity as in PbTiO3, the Pb2 + cation in Pb (TiO ) Cu4(PO4)4 is stereochemically inactive but dramatically alters specific magnetic interactions and consequently switches the quadrupole order from antiferroic to ferroic. Our first-principles calculations uncover a positive correlation between the degree of A -O bond covalency and a stability of the ferroic quadrupole order.

  17. A high-throughput microfluidic dental plaque biofilm system to visualize and quantify the effect of antimicrobials

    PubMed Central

    Nance, William C.; Dowd, Scot E.; Samarian, Derek; Chludzinski, Jeffrey; Delli, Joseph; Battista, John; Rickard, Alexander H.

    2013-01-01

    Objectives Few model systems are amenable to developing multi-species biofilms in parallel under environmentally germane conditions. This is a problem when evaluating the potential real-world effectiveness of antimicrobials in the laboratory. One such antimicrobial is cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), which is used in numerous over-the-counter oral healthcare products. The aim of this work was to develop a high-throughput microfluidic system that is combined with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of CPC against oral multi-species biofilms grown in human saliva. Methods Twenty-four-channel BioFlux microfluidic plates were inoculated with pooled human saliva and fed filter-sterilized saliva for 20 h at 37°C. The bacterial diversity of the biofilms was evaluated by bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). The antimicrobial/anti-biofilm effect of CPC (0.5%–0.001% w/v) was examined using Live/Dead stain, CLSM and 3D imaging software. Results The analysis of biofilms by bTEFAP demonstrated that they contained genera typically found in human dental plaque. These included Aggregatibacter, Fusobacterium, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, Streptococcus and Veillonella. Using Live/Dead stain, clear gradations in killing were observed when the biofilms were treated with CPC between 0.5% and 0.001% w/v. At 0.5% (w/v) CPC, 90% of the total signal was from dead/damaged cells. Below this concentration range, less killing was observed. In the 0.5%–0.05% (w/v) range CPC penetration/killing was greatest and biofilm thickness was significantly reduced. Conclusions This work demonstrates the utility of a high-throughput microfluidic–CLSM system to grow multi-species oral biofilms, which are compositionally similar to naturally occurring biofilms, to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobials. PMID:23800904

  18. Nocardiopsis arabia sp. nov., a halotolerant actinomycete isolated from a sand-dune soil.

    PubMed

    Hozzein, Wael N; Goodfellow, Michael

    2008-11-01

    The taxonomic status of an unknown actinomycete isolated from a sand-dune soil was established using a polyphasic approach. Isolate S186(T) had chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardiopsis, grew on agar plates at NaCl concentrations of up to 15 % (w/v) and formed a distinct phyletic line in the Nocardiopsis 16S rRNA gene sequence tree. Its closest phylogenetic neighbours were Nocardiopsis chromatogenes, Nocardiopsis composta, Nocardiopsis gilva and Nocardiopsis trehalosi, with sequence similarity to the various type strains of 96.9 %, but it was readily distinguished from the type strains of these and related species using a range of phenotypic properties. It is apparent from the genotypic and phenotypic data that strain S186(T) belongs to a novel species of the genus Nocardiopsis, for which the name Nocardiopsis arabia sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S186(T) (=CGMCC 4.2057(T) =DSM 45083(T)).

  19. Can Satellite Remote Sensing be Applied in Geological Mapping in Tropics?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Magiera, Janusz

    2018-03-01

    Remote sensing (RS) techniques are based on spectral data registered by RS scanners as energy reflected from the Earth's surface or emitted by it. In "geological" RS the reflectance (or emittence) should come from rock or sediment. The problem in tropical and subtropical areas is a dense vegetation. Spectral response from the rocks and sediments is gathered only from the gaps among the trees and shrubs. Images of high resolution are appreciated here, therefore. New generation of satellites and scanners (Digital Globe WV2, WV3 and WV4) yield imagery of spatial resolution of 2 m and up to 16 spectral bands (WV3). Images acquired by Landsat (TM, ETM+, OLI) and Sentinel 2 have good spectral resolution too (6-12 bands in visible and infrared) and, despite lower spatial resolution (10-60 m of pixel size) are useful in extracting lithological information too. Lithological RS map may reveal good precision (down to a single rock or outcrop of a meter size). Supplemented with the analysis of Digital Elevation Model and high resolution ortophotomaps (Google Maps, Bing etc.) allows for quick and cheap mapping of unsurveyed areas.

  20. Targeting lysine specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) tandem TUDOR domain - A fragment based approach.

    PubMed

    Upadhyay, Anup K; Judge, Russell A; Li, Leiming; Pithawalla, Ron; Simanis, Justin; Bodelle, Pierre M; Marin, Violeta L; Henry, Rodger F; Petros, Andrew M; Sun, Chaohong

    2018-06-01

    The tandem TUDOR domains present in the non-catalytic C-terminal half of the KDM4A, 4B and 4C enzymes play important roles in regulating their chromatin localizations and substrate specificities. They achieve this regulatory role by binding to different tri-methylated lysine residues on histone H3 (H3-K4me3, H3-K23me3) and histone H4 (H4-K20me3) depending upon the specific chromatin environment. In this work, we have used a 2D-NMR based fragment screening approach to identify a novel fragment (1a), which binds to the KDM4A-TUDOR domain and shows modest competition with H3-K4me3 binding in biochemical as well as in vitro cell based assays. A co-crystal structure of KDM4A TUDOR domain in complex with 1a shows that the fragment binds stereo-specifically to the methyl lysine binding pocket forming a network of strong hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. We anticipate that the fragment 1a can be further developed into a novel allosteric inhibitor of the KDM4 family of enzymes through targeting their C-terminal tandem TUDOR domain. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Installation Restoration Program (IRP) Stage 3. McClellan Air Force Base. Operable Unit B. Preliminary Assessment Summary Report. Volume 1. Text, Appendix A & Part B. (Part 1)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-10-01

    reflect the official position of the Air Force. "Accezoi a - . . . .. . NT:S C2 I - DTIC IA .; Ui’avll’ .- -, JJstificatin. By Dist ... . Al-4 , t...6625 SA 23 2 52 sm 30 LEGEND -122 .ANEAC D 42T 20Go4 824O SA ITE a- CHI LI SAU r41E FEC Fiur -. LoctinGfENDusra S-124 RA IA N SO POnATION material...V V V V aS 00 Sn 1 0 - 1.I 5 V I4 . V V VV V V V - V v vV VV ’A NS 11V V V WV 0 0- 44m N 0 C4 90 1, - All IA 0 000000000000 000 00 A-1.00444.5

  2. Effect of soybean-lecithin as an enhancer of buccal mucosa absorption of insulin.

    PubMed

    Tian, Weiqun; Hu, Qiaolin; Xu, Ying; Xu, Yi

    2012-01-01

    Transmucosal delivery is a suitable route for insulin non-injection administration. In order to understand how insulin passes through mucosa with soybean-lecithin as an enhancing absorption. The penetration rate of insulin molecular through porcine buccal mucosa was investigated by measuring transbuccal fluxes in the Ussing Chambers. The imaging morphology of rabbits buccal mucosa was analyzed by using non-contact mode atomic force microscopy. The permeation rate can be increased by co-administration of soybean-lecithin. Untreated buccal mucosa showed relatively smooth surface characteristics, with many small crater-like pits and indentations spread over mucosa surfaces. Buccal mucosa that had been treated with 1.0% (w/v) sodium deoxycholic acid (pH 7.4) appeared to much more indentations characteristic, which treated with 2.5% (w/v) soybean-lecithin (pH 7.4) and 2.5% (w/v) Azone or laurocapram (pH 7.4) appeared rather different, the surface mucosa treated with soybean-lecithin emulsion showed a fine, rippling effect whereas those exposed to Azone display a more coarse, undulating surface feature. As a result of that Azone could damage the surface of the buccal mucosa, but soybean-lecithin could not. This study demonstrated that soybean-lecithin is a better and safer enhancer for insulin transmucosal delivery.

  3. Optimization of ram semen cryopreservation using a chemically defined soybean lecithin-based extender.

    PubMed

    Emamverdi, M; Zhandi, M; Zare Shahneh, A; Sharafi, M; Akbari-Sharif, A

    2013-12-01

    The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a chemically defined soybean lecithin-based semen extender as a substitute for egg yolk-based extenders in ram semen cryopreservation. In this study, 28 ejaculates were collected from four Zandi rams in the breeding season and then pooled together. The pooled semen was divided into six equal aliquots and diluted with six different extenders: (i) Tris-based extender (TE) containing 0.5% (w/v) soybean lecithin (SL0.5), (ii) TE containing 1% (w/v) soybean lecithin (SL1), (iii) TE containing 1.5% (w/v) soybean lecithin (SL1.5), (iv) TE containing 2% (w/v) soybean lecithin (SL2), (v) TE containing 2.5% (w/v) soybean lecithin (SL2.5) and (vi) TE containing 20% (v/v) egg yolk (EYT). After thawing, sperm motility and motion parameters, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, apoptosis status and mitochondrial activity were evaluated. The results shown that total and progressive motility (54.43 ± 1.33% and 25.43 ± 0.96%, respectively) were significantly higher in SL1.5 when compared to other semen extenders. Sperm motion parameters (VAP, VSL, VCL, ALH and STR) were significantly higher in SL1.5 compared to other extender, with the exception of SL1 extender. Plasma membrane integrity (48.86 ± 1.38%) was significantly higher in SL1.5 when compared to other semen extenders. Also, percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosome in SL1.5 (85.35 ± 2.19%) extender was significantly higher than that in SL0.5, SL2.5 and EYT extenders. The results showed that the proportion of live post-thawed sperm was significantly increased in SL1.5 extender compared to SL0.5, SL2 and EYT extenders. In addition, SL1, SL1.5 and SL2.5 extenders resulted in significantly lower percentage of early-apoptotic sperm than that in EYT extender. There were no significant differences in different semen extenders for percentage of post-thawed necrotic and late-apoptotic spermatozoa. Also, the results indicated that there are slight

  4. 26 CFR 1.401(a)(4)-1 - Nondiscrimination requirements of section 401(a)(4).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...)(4). 1.401(a)(4)-1 Section 1.401(a)(4)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE.... § 1.401(a)(4)-1 Nondiscrimination requirements of section 401(a)(4). (a) In general. Section 401(a)(4...). (b) Requirements a plan must satisfy—(1) In general. In order to satisfy section 401(a)(4), a plan...

  5. Development and Translation of a Tissue-Engineered Disc in a Preclinical Rodent Model

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-10-01

    authors Dong Hwa Kim, John T. Martin, Dawn M. Elliott, Lachlan J. Smith , and Robert L. Mauck...Replacement in a Small Animal Model with authors John T. Martin, Andrew H. Milby, Joseph A. Chiaro, Dong Hwa Kim, Nader M. Hebela, Lachlan J. Smith , Dawn... Smith , Dawn M. Elliott, and Robert L. Mauck is now in review. To carry out this study, radiopaque scaffolds were generated from a 14.3% w/v slurry

  6. Recovery of fermented inulin fiber by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from inulin hydrolysate using fungi inulinase enzymes of Scopulariopsis sp.-CBS1 and class of Deuteromycetes-CBS4 as cholesterol binder

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Susilowati, Agustine; Melanie, Hakiki; Maryati, Yati; Aspiyanto

    2017-01-01

    Fermentation of Lactobacillus Acid Bacteria (LAB) which are mixtures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacteriumbifidum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus on hydrolysate as a result of inulin hydrolysis using inulinase enzymes obtained from endophytic fungi ofScopulariopsis sp.-CBS1 (inulin hydrolysate of S) and Class of Deuteromycetes-CBS4 (inulin hydrolysate of D) generate potential fermented inulin fiber as cholesterol binder. Fermentation process was conducted under concentrations of inulin hydrolysate 50% (w/v), LAB 15% (v/v) and skim milk 12.5% (w/v) at room temperature and 40°C for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours, respectively. Result of experimental work showed that longer time of LAB fermentation increased total acids, TPC and CBC at pH 2, but decreased total sugar, reducing, IDF, SDF, CBC pH 2 and CBC pH 7. Based on Cholesterol Binding Capacity (CBC), optimization of fermentation process on inulin hydrolysate of S was achieved by combining treatment at 40°C for 24 hours resulted in CBC pH 2 of 19.11 mg/g TDF and inulin hydrolysate of D was achieved by fermentation at 40 °C for 48 hours resulted in CBC pH 2 of 24.28 mg/g TDF. Inulin hydrolysate of class of Deutrymecetes CBS4 fermented by LAB had better functional property as cholesterol binder than that inulin hydrolysate of S fermented by LAB. This is due to cholesterol binder and cholesterol derivatives as a result of degradation of LAB on digestive system (stomach) when compared to higher colon under optimal process condition.

  7. 7. INTERIOR VIEW OF THE MESTA CAROUSEL PICKLER, A SERIES ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    7. INTERIOR VIEW OF THE MESTA CAROUSEL PICKLER, A SERIES OF ACID, WATER AND LIME BATHS WHICH REMOVE RUST AND SCALE FROM THE STEEL PLATE AND LUBRICATES PLATE FOR THE SHEARING PROCESS - LaBelle Iron Works, Thirtieth & Wood Streets, Wheeling, Ohio County, WV

  8. 4-MCHM sorption to and desorption from granular activated carbon and raw coal.

    PubMed

    Jeter, T Scott; Sarver, Emily A; McNair, Harold M; Rezaee, Mohammad

    2016-08-01

    4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol (4-MCHM) is a saturated higher alicyclic primary alcohol that is used in the froth flotation process for cleaning coal. In early 2014, a large spill of crude chemical (containing primarily 4-MCHM) to the Elk River near Charleston, WV contaminated the local water supply. Carbon filters at the affected water treatment facility quickly became saturated, and the contaminated water was distributed to nearby homes and businesses. Sorption of 4-MCHM to granular activated carbon (GAC) was studied in the laboratory using head space (HS) analysis via gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Sorption to raw coal was also investigated, since this material may be of interest as a sorbent in the case of an on-site spill. As expected, sorption to both materials increased with decreased particle size and with increased exposure time; although exposure time proved to be much more important in the case of GAC than for coal. Under similar conditions, GAC sorbed more 4-MCHM than raw coal (e.g., 84.9 vs. 63.1 mg/g, respectively, for 20 × 30 mesh particles exposed to 860 mg/L 4-MCHM solution for 24 h). Desorption from both materials was additionally evaluated. Interestingly, desorption of 4-MCHM on a mass per mass basis was also higher for GAC than for raw coal. Overall, results indicated that GAC readily sorbs 4-MCHM but can also readily release a portion of the chemical, whereas coal sorbs somewhat less 4-MCHM but holds it tightly. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Utilization of fish meal and fish oil for production of Cryptococcus sp. MTCC 5455 lipase and hydrolysis of polyurethane thereof.

    PubMed

    Thirunavukarasu, K; Purushothaman, S; Gowthaman, M K; Nakajima-Kambe, T; Rose, C; Kamini, N R

    2015-09-01

    Fish meal has been used as an additional nitrogen source and fish oil as inducer for the growth and production of lipase from Cryptococcus sp. MTCC 5455. A response surface design illustrated that the optimum factors influencing lipase production were fish meal, 1.5 %, w/v, Na2HPO4, 0.2 %, w/v, yeast extract, 0.25 %, w/v and sardine oil, 2.0 %, w/v with an activity of 71.23 U/mL at 96 h and 25 °C, which was 48.39 % higher than the conventional one-factor-at-a-time method. The crude concentrated enzyme hydrolyzed polyurethane (PUR) efficiently and hydrolysis was 94 % at 30 °C and 96 h. The products, diethylene glycol and adipic acid were quantified by HPLC and scanning electron microscopic studies of the degraded polymer showed significant increase in size of the holes from 24 to 72 h of incubation. Hydrolysis of PUR within 96 h makes the lipase novel for disposal of PUR and provides an innovative solution to the problems created by plastic wastes.

  10. Developing a strawberry yogurt fortified with marine fish oil

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Fortified dairy products appeal to a wide variety of consumers and have the potential to increase sales in the yogurt industry and contribute to boost the intake of omega-3 fatty acids. The objectives of this study were to develop a strawberry yogurt containing microencapsulated salmon oil (2% w/v) ...

  11. Microbacterium lemovicicum sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from a natural uranium-rich soil.

    PubMed

    Mondani, Laure; Piette, Laurie; Christen, Richard; Bachar, Dipankar; Berthomieu, Catherine; Chapon, Virginie

    2013-07-01

    An actinobacterial strain, designated ViU22(T), was isolated from a natural uranium-rich soil and was studied using a polyphasic approach. Cells formed orange-pigmented colonies, were rod-shaped, Gram-positive (non-staining method), non-motile and non-spore-forming. This organism grew in 0-4.5 % (w/v) NaCl and at 15-37 °C, with optimal growth occurring in 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl and at 30 °C. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain ViU22(T) belonged to the genus Microbacterium. It exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of Microbacterium testaceum (98.14 %) and Microbacterium binotii (98.02 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness of strains ViU22(T) with the most closely related type strains Microbacterium testaceum and Microbacterium binotii DSM 19164(T) was 20.10 % (± 0.70) and 28.05 % (± 0.35), respectively. Strain ViU22(T) possessed a type B2β peptidoglycan with partial substitution of glutamic acid by 3-hydroxy glutamic acid. The major menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-12. Major polar lipids detected in the strain ViU22(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and unknown glycolipids. The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, a pattern reported for other Microbacterium species. The major cell-wall sugars were galactose, xylose and mannose and the DNA G+C content was 71 mol%. Together, the DNA-DNA hybridization results and the differentiating phenotypic characteristics, showed that strain ViU22(T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium lemovicicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ViU22(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2396(T) = CCUG 62198(T) = DSM 25044(T)).

  12. [Protein interaction site of Toxoplasma gondii microneme protein 6 and aldolase determined by site-directed mutagenesis].

    PubMed

    Zheng, Bin; Yin, Zhi-Kui; Zhan, Xi-Mei

    2014-06-01

    To identify the protein interaction site of Toxoplasma gondii microneme protein 6 (MIC6) and aldolase by using site-directed mutagenesis. Based on Toxoplasma gondii MIC6 gene sequence (GenBank Accession No. AF110270), the specific primers were designed. Tryptophan (W)-348 of MIC6 C terminus (MIC6C) was mutated to valine (V) via site-directed mutagenesis. MIC6C W/V gene was obtained from cDNA library by PCR amplification and subcloned into pGEX-4T-1. The mutant protein GST-MIC6C W/V was expressed in E. coli, induced by 0.8 mmol/L IPTG, and purified by affinity chromatography. Glutathione sepharose beads were incubated with GST-MIC6C W/V and GST-MIC6C, respectively, and then incubated with T. gondii tachyzoites lysate, and bound proteins were eluted using sample buffer. Bound products were resolved by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Glutathione sepharose beads were incubated with GST-MIC6C W/V and GST-MIC6C, respectively, and then incubated with aldolase-His6. After incubation, the resin was washed and subjected to SDS-PAGE. The MIC6C W/N gene was obtained, and the recombinant plasmid MIC6C W/V/pGEX-4T-1 was successfully constructed. The mutant protein GST-MIC6C W/V was expressed and purified in vitro. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that GST-MIC6C was co-precipitated with aldolase from T. gondii tachyzoites lysate or aldolase-His6, whereas GST-MIC6C W/V failed to precipitate aldolase from T. gondii tachyzoites lysate or aldolase-His6. Western blotting analysis using anti-aldolase antibody indicated that GST-MIC6C could pull-down aldolase from T. gondii tachyzoites lysate. Tryptophan (W348) was the interaction site of MIC6 and aldolase in T. gondii.

  13. Advanced treatment of swine wastewater using an agent synthesized from amorphous silica and hydrated lime.

    PubMed

    Tanaka, Yasuo; Hasegawa, Teruaki; Sugimoto, Kiyomi; Miura, Keiichi; Aketo, Tsuyoshi; Minowa, Nobutaka; Toda, Masaya; Kinoshita, Katsumi; Yamashita, Takahiro; Ogino, Akifumi

    2014-01-01

    Advanced treatment using an agent synthesized from amorphous silica and hydrated lime (M-CSH-lime) was developed and applied to swine wastewater treatment. Biologically treated wastewater and M-CSH-lime (approximately 6 w/v% slurry) were fed continuously into a column-shaped reactor from its bottom. Accumulated M-CSH-lime gradually formed a bed layer. The influent permeated this layer and contacted the M-CSH-lime, and the treatment reaction progressed. Treated liquid overflowing from the top of the reactor was neutralized with CO₂gas bubbling. The colour removal rate approximately exceeded 50% with M-CSH-lime addition rates of > 0.15 w/v%. The removal rate of PO(3⁻)(4) exceeded 80% with the addition of>0.03 w/v% of M-CSH-lime. The removal rates of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli exceeded 99.9% with > 0.1 w/v%. Accumulated M-CSH-lime in the reactor was periodically withdrawn from the upper part of the bed layer. The content of citric-acid-soluble P₂O₅ in the recovered matter was>15% when the weight ratio of influent PO(3⁻)(4) -P to added M-CSH-lime was > 0.15. This content was comparable with commercial phosphorus fertilizer. The inhibitory effect of recovered M-CSH-lime on germination and growth of leafy vegetable komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) was evaluated by an experiment using the Neubauer's pot. The recovered M-CSH-lime had no negative effect on germination and growth. These results suggest that advanced water treatment with M-CSH-lime was effective for simultaneous removal of colour, [Formula: see text] and coliform bacteria at an addition rate of 0.03-0.15 w/v%, and that the recovered M-CSH-lime would be suitable as phosphorus fertilizer.

  14. Comparison of Thraustochytrids Aurantiochytrium sp., Schizochytrium sp., Thraustochytrium sp., and Ulkenia sp. for production of biodiesel, long-chain omega-3 oils, and exopolysaccharide.

    PubMed

    Lee Chang, Kim Jye; Nichols, Carol Mancuso; Blackburn, Susan I; Dunstan, Graeme A; Koutoulis, Anthony; Nichols, Peter D

    2014-08-01

    Heterotrophic growth of thraustochytrids has potential in coproducing biodiesel for transportation, as well as producing a feedstock for omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for use in nutraceuticals. In this study, we compared eight new endemic Australian thraustochytrid strains from the genera Aurantiochytrium, Schizochytrium, Thraustochytrium, and Ulkenia for the synthesis of exopolysaccharide (EPS), in addition to biodiesel and LC-PUFA. Aurantiochytrium sp. strains readily utilized glucose for biomass production, and increasing glucose from 2 to 4 % w/v of the culture medium resulted in increased biomass yield by an average factor of 1.7. Ulkenia sp. strain TC 010 and Thraustochytrium sp. strain TC 033 did not utilize glucose, while Schizochytrium sp. strain TC 002 utilized less than half the glucose available by day 14, and Thraustochytrium sp. strain TC 004 utilized glucose at 4 % w/v but not 2 % w/v of the culture suggesting a threshold requirement between these values. Across all strains, increasing glucose from 2 to 4 % w/v of the culture medium resulted in increased total fatty acid methyl ester content by an average factor of 1.9. Despite an increasing literature demonstrating the capacity of thraustochytrids for DHA synthesis, the production of EPS from these organisms is not well documented. A broad range of EPS yields was observed. The maximum yield of EPS was observed for Schizochytrium sp. strain TC 002 (299 mg/L). High biomass-producing strains that also have high lipid and high EPS yield may be better candidates for commercial production of biofuels and other coproducts.

  15. Geocoding rural addresses in a community contaminated by PFOA: a comparison of methods.

    PubMed

    Vieira, Verónica M; Howard, Gregory J; Gallagher, Lisa G; Fletcher, Tony

    2010-04-21

    Location is often an important component of exposure assessment, and positional errors in geocoding may result in exposure misclassification. In rural areas, successful geocoding to a street address is limited by rural route boxes. Communities have assigned physical street addresses to rural route boxes as part of E911 readdressing projects for improved emergency response. Our study compared automated and E911 methods for recovering and geocoding valid street addresses and assessed the impact of positional errors on exposure classification. The current study is a secondary analysis of existing data that included 135 addresses self-reported by participants of a rural community study who were exposed via public drinking water to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) released from a DuPont facility in Parkersburg, West Virginia. We converted pre-E911 to post-E911 addresses using two methods: automated ZP4 address-correction software with the U.S. Postal Service LACS database and E911 data provided by Wood County, West Virginia. Addresses were geocoded using TeleAtlas, an online commercial service, and ArcView with StreetMap Premium North America NAVTEQ 2008 enhanced street dataset. We calculated positional errors using GPS measurements collected at each address and assessed exposure based on geocoded location in relation to public water pipes. The county E911 data converted 89% of the eligible addresses compared to 35% by ZP4 LACS. ArcView/NAVTEQ geocoded more addresses (n = 130) and with smaller median distance between geocodes and GPS coordinates (39 meters) than TeleAtlas (n = 85, 188 meters). Without E911 address conversion, 25% of the geocodes would have been more than 1000 meters from the true location. Positional errors in TeleAtlas geocoding resulted in exposure misclassification of seven addresses whereas ArcView/NAVTEQ methods did not misclassify any addresses. Although the study was limited by small numbers, our results suggest that the use of county E911 data in rural

  16. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of porcine acylaminoacyl peptidase.

    PubMed

    Wright, Helena; Kiss, András L; Szeltner, Zoltán; Polgár, László; Fülöp, Vilmos

    2005-10-01

    Acylaminoacyl peptidase (also known as acylamino-acid-releasing enzyme or acylpeptide hydrolase; EC 3.4.19.1) is an unusual member of the prolyl oligopeptidase family catalysing the hydrolysis of an N-acylated peptide to an acylamino acid and a peptide with a free N-terminus. Acylaminoacyl peptidase purified from porcine liver has been crystallized in mother liquor containing 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 7.0, 10%(w/v) polyethylene glycol 8000, 50 mM MgCl2 and 1%(w/v) CHAPS using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique. A full data set to 3.4 A resolution was collected at ESRF beamline ID14-4 and space group C222 was assigned, with unit-cell parameters a = 84.8, b = 421.1, c = 212.0 A and four molecules in the asymmetric unit.

  17. A novel two-step ultrasound post-assisted lye peeling regime for tomatoes: Reducing pollution while improving product yield and quality.

    PubMed

    Gao, Ruiping; Ye, Fayin; Lu, Zhiqiang; Wang, Jiajia; Li Shen, Xiao; Zhao, Guohua

    2018-07-01

    In this paper, the effects and mechanisms of a novel two-step tomato peeling method, hot lye with a post-assistance of ultrasound, were investigated. The present work aims to improve the environmental friendliness of the conventional hot lye tomato peeling method (10% w/v, 97 °C, 45 s). The results showed that 4% (w/v) lye treatment at 97 °C for 30 s with a post-assistance of a 31.97 W/L ultrasound treatment at 70 °C for 50 s achieved a 100% peelability. In this scenario, the peeling yield and lycopene content in the peeled product were significantly higher than the peeling yield and lycopene content with the conventional hot lye peeling method. The present two-step peeling method was concluded with a mechanism of chemico-mechanical synergism, in which the hot lye functions mainly in a chemical way while the ultrasound is a mechanical process. Especially from the lye side, this work first demonstrated that the lye penetrated across the tomato skin via a pitting model rather than evenly. The findings reported in this paper not only provide a novel tomato peeling method with significant environmental benefits but also discover new clues to the peeling mechanism using hot lye. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Early Validation of Sentinel-2 L2A Processor and Products

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pflug, Bringfried; Main-Knorn, Magdalena; Bieniarz, Jakub; Debaecker, Vincent; Louis, Jerome

    2016-08-01

    Sentinel-2 is a constellation of two polar orbiting satellite units each one equipped with an optical imaging sensor MSI (Multi-Spectral Instrument). Sentinel-2A was launched on June 23, 2015 and Sentinel-2B will follow in 2017.The Level-2A (L2A) processor Sen2Cor implemented for Sentinel-2 data provides a scene classification image, aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and water vapour (WV) maps and the Bottom-Of-Atmosphere (BOA) corrected reflectance product. First validation results of Sen2Cor scene classification showed an overall accuracy of 81%. AOT at 550 nm is estimated by Sen2Cor with uncertainty of 0.035 for cloudless images and locations with dense dark vegetation (DDV) pixels present in the image. Aerosol estimation fails if the image contains no DDV-pixels. Mean difference between Sen2Cor WV and ground-truth is 0.29 cm. Uncertainty of up to 0.04 was found for the BOA- reflectance product.

  19. Lateral Movement of Water and Sugar Across Xylem in Sugarcane Stalks

    PubMed Central

    Bull, T. A.; Gayler, K. R.; Glasziou, K. T.

    1972-01-01

    Laterally connected vascular bundles in the nodes of sugarcane (Saccharum species cv. Pindar) stalks allow a rapid redistribution of water across the stalk should the vascular continuity be partly disrupted. Tritiated water supplied to the roots exchanged rapidly between the xylem and storage tissue so that net movement up the stalk was slow. The half-time for exchange in a labeled stalk was about 4 hours so that the entire water content of a sugarcane stalk can turn over at least once in a single day. No rapid flux of sugar between xylem and phloem or xylem and storage tissue was detected. Functional xylem contained only low sugar concentrations: less than 0.3% w/v in the stalk and less than 0.02% w/v in the leaf. Previous reports of high sugar levels (9% w/v) in sugarcane stalk xylem reflect some degree of xylem blockage followed by a slow equilibration with free space sugars in the storage tissue. PMID:16658067

  20. First Article Noise Survey of the A/F32T-9 Large Turbo Fan Engine Enclosed Noise Suppressor System, Far-Field Noise, McConnell AFB, Kansas.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-05-01

    Federal Aviati6n Regulation (FAR) Part 36. PSIL Preferred Speech Interference Level as specified in AFR 161-35. dB Decibel, Base 10 logarithmic ratio...I IP 1 0 I 1- *P N p 0 - 5V S 4 S r. V 0 l- N N N & N i% OW ta b, in i in n ivWvP1*1v vv A m Am ANN N KNN #ai I I I6 I I " Ic OSI-IS 0 9A N I, fu a t

  1. Proteocatella sphenisci gen. nov., sp. nov., a psychrotolerant, spore-forming anaerobe isolated from penguin guano.

    PubMed

    Pikuta, Elena V; Hoover, Richard B; Marsic, Damien; Whitman, William B; Lupa, Boguslaw; Tang, Jane; Krader, Paul

    2009-09-01

    A novel, obligately anaerobic, psychrotolerant bacterium, designated strain PPP2T, was isolated from guano of the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) in Chilean Patagonia. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, straight rods (0.7-0.8x3.0-5.0 microm) that were motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Growth was observed at pH 6.7-9.7 (optimum pH 8.3) and 2-37 degrees C (optimum 29 degrees C). Growth was observed between 0 and 4% (w/v) NaCl with optimum growth at 0.5% (w/v). Strain PPP2T was a catalase-negative chemo-organoheterotroph that was capable of fermentative metabolism. Peptone, bacto-tryptone, Casamino acids, oxalate, starch, chitin and yeast extract were utilized as substrates. The major metabolic products were acetate, butyrate and ethanol. Strain PPP2T was resistant to ampicillin, but sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, kanamycin, vancomycin and gentamicin. The DNA G+C content of strain PPP2T was 39.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain PPP2T was related most closely to Clostridium sticklandii SR (approximately 90% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics, strain PPP2T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Proteocatella sphenisci gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Proteocatella sphenisci is PPP2T (=ATCC BAA-755T=JCM 12175T=CIP 108034T).

  2. Multi-phenology WorldView-2 imagery improves remote sensing of savannah tree species

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Madonsela, Sabelo; Cho, Moses Azong; Mathieu, Renaud; Mutanga, Onisimo; Ramoelo, Abel; Kaszta, Żaneta; Kerchove, Ruben Van De; Wolff, Eléonore

    2017-06-01

    Biodiversity mapping in African savannah is important for monitoring changes and ensuring sustainable use of ecosystem resources. Biodiversity mapping can benefit from multi-spectral instruments such as WorldView-2 with very high spatial resolution and a spectral configuration encompassing important spectral regions not previously available for vegetation mapping. This study investigated i) the benefits of the eight-band WorldView-2 (WV-2) spectral configuration for discriminating tree species in Southern African savannah and ii) if multiple-images acquired at key points of the typical phenological development of savannahs (peak productivity, transition to senescence) improve on tree species classifications. We first assessed the discriminatory power of WV-2 bands using interspecies-Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) via Band Add-On procedure and tested the spectral capability of WorldView-2 against simulated IKONOS for tree species classification. The results from interspecies-SAM procedure identified the yellow and red bands as the most statistically significant bands (p = 0.000251 and p = 0.000039 respectively) in the discriminatory power of WV-2 during the transition from wet to dry season (April). Using Random Forest classifier, the classification scenarios investigated showed that i) the 8-bands of the WV-2 sensor achieved higher classification accuracy for the April date (transition from wet to dry season, senescence) compared to the March date (peak productivity season) ii) the WV-2 spectral configuration systematically outperformed the IKONOS sensor spectral configuration and iii) the multi-temporal approach (March and April combined) improved the discrimination of tress species and produced the highest overall accuracy results at 80.4%. Consistent with the interspecies-SAM procedure, the yellow (605 nm) band also showed a statistically significant contribution in the improved classification accuracy from WV-2. These results highlight the mapping opportunities

  3. Prevalence and cost of insomnia in a state Medicaid fee-for-service population based on diagnostic codes and prescription utilization.

    PubMed

    Roy, Anuja N; Smith, Michael

    2010-05-01

    The aims of this research were to estimate prevalence of insomnia, describe the utilization patterns of physician office services and prescription medications for insomnia, and estimate related costs in a Medicaid population. A cross-sectional descriptive analysis using data from the West Virginia (WV) Medicaid fee-for-service paid claims records for the year 2003 was conducted. Recipients with a diagnosis related to insomnia or a prescription claim for an FDA-approved drug for insomnia or trazodone were selected as the study sample. Costs were from the perspective of WV Medicaid. The overall prevalence of insomnia was 74.3 per 1000 recipients. Adults 45-64years of age, females, and whites had the highest prevalence and office visit rates for insomnia among demographic groups. A majority of dollars spent on insomnia treatment was for prescription drugs. Zolpidem and trazodone accounted for 88% of prescription claims; however, 84% of the total dollars paid for prescriptions was for zolpidem. Among the WV Medicaid population, rates of insomnia and office visit use for insomnia varied by demographic groups. There was greater use of zolpidem and trazodone than benzodiazepine drugs. This study provides baseline estimates that can be used for ongoing surveillance of insomnia. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Optimal Band Ratio Analysis of WORLDVIEW-3 Imagery for Bathymetry of Shallow Rivers (case Study: Sarca River, Italy)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Niroumand-Jadidi, M.; Vitti, A.

    2016-06-01

    The Optimal Band Ratio Analysis (OBRA) could be considered as an efficient technique for bathymetry from optical imagery due to its robustness on substrate variability. This point receives more attention for very shallow rivers where different substrate types can contribute remarkably into total at-sensor radiance. The OBRA examines the total possible pairs of spectral bands in order to identify the optimal two-band ratio that its log transformation yields a strong linear relation with field measured water depths. This paper aims at investigating the effectiveness of additional spectral bands of newly launched WorldView-3 (WV-3) imagery in the visible and NIR spectrum through OBRA for retrieving water depths in shallow rivers. In this regard, the OBRA is performed on a WV-3 image as well as a GeoEye image of a small Alpine river in Italy. In-situ depths are gathered in two river reaches using a precise GPS device. In each testing scenario, 50% of the field data is used for calibration of the model and the remained as independent check points for accuracy assessment. In general, the effect of changes in water depth is highly pronounced in longer wavelengths (i.e. NIR) due to high and rapid absorption of light in this spectrum as long as it is not saturated. As the studied river is shallow, NIR portion of the spectrum has not been reduced so much not to reach the riverbed; making use of the observed radiance over this spectral range as denominator has shown a strong correlation through OBRA. More specifically, tightly focused channels of red-edge, NIR-1 and NIR-2 provide a wealth of choices for OBRA rather than a single NIR band of conventional 4-band images (e.g. GeoEye). This advantage of WV-3 images is outstanding as well for choosing the optimal numerator of the ratio model. Coastal-blue and yellow bands of WV-3 are identified as proper numerators while only green band of the GeoEye image contributed to a reliable correlation of image derived values and field

  5. Assessment of improved buccal permeation and bioavailability of felodipine microemulsion-based cross-linked polycarbophil gel.

    PubMed

    Singh, Mahendra; Kanoujia, Jovita; Parashar, Poonam; Arya, Malti; Tripathi, Chandra B; Sinha, V R; Saraf, Shailendra K; Saraf, Shubhini A

    2018-06-01

    The oral bioavailability of felodipine (FEL) is very low, i.e., about 15%. This could be due to low water solubility and hepatic first-pass effect. The objective of the present study was to develop FEL microemulsion-based gel, to bypass the first pass effect, for buccal delivery. The optimized FEL microemulsion (OPT-MEF) was used to prepare buccoadhesive gels, with varying concentrations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E4M and polycarbophil (PCP), and evaluated. The cross-linking of the PCP gelling agent was done by adjusting the pH with a neutralizing agent, triethanolamine (TEA). The formulations, namely drug suspension, OPT-MEF, microemulsion-based buccal gel containing 1% w/v (MEF-E4M1), 2% w/v (MEF-E4M2), and 3% w/v (MEF-E4M3) of HPMC K4M and 1% w/v (MEF-PCP1), 2% w/v (MEF-PCP2), and 3% w/v (MEF-PCP3) of PCP were prepared and optimized on the basis of ex vivo permeation study, mucoadhesion force, and viscosity. The optimized buccal gel (MEF-PCP1) showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) permeation flux (J = 0.44 ± 0.16 mg/cm 2 /h), when compared with the drug suspension (J = 0.17 ± 0.14 mg/cm 2 /h). The permeation enhancement ratio of MEF-PCP1 was found to be 2.59 times higher than that of the aqueous suspension of the drug. The texture profile analysis of MEF-PCP1 was performed which showed spreadability (3.2 mJ), extrudability (151.8 mJ), hardness (13.8 g), and adhesiveness (41.0 g), and results indicated good spreadability and adhesiveness. The rheological study revealed the pseudoplastic flow behavior of MEF-PCP1 buccal gel. The C max value 9.21 ± 2.88 μg/ml of MEF-PCP1 gel was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.01) compared to the same dose administered by oral route (C max value 3.51 ± 1.74 μg/ml). The relative bioavailability (F r ) of the optimized MEF-PCP1 buccal gel was about 397.39% higher than that of oral route. In conclusion, consistent and effective buccal gel containing optimized FEL

  6. Glucose-free fructose production from Jerusalem artichoke using a recombinant inulinase-secreting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain.

    PubMed

    Yu, Jing; Jiang, Jiaxi; Ji, Wangming; Li, Yuyang; Liu, Jianping

    2011-01-01

    Using inulin (polyfructose) obtained from Jerusalen artichokes, we have produced fructose free of residual glucose using a recombinant inulinase-secreting strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a one-step fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke tubers. For producing fructose from inulin, a recombinant inulinase-producing Saccharomyce cerevisiae strain was constructed with a deficiency in fructose uptake by disruption of two hexokinase genes hxk1 and hxk2. The inulinase gene introduced into S. cerevisiae was cloned from Kluyveromyces cicerisporus. Extracellular inulinase activity of the recombinant hxk-mutated S. cerevisiae strain reached 31 U ml(-1) after 96 h growth. When grown in a medium containing Jerusalem artichoke tubers as the sole component without any additives, the recombinant yeast accumulated fructose up to 9.2% (w/v) in the fermentation broth with only 0.1% (w/v) glucose left after 24 h.

  7. 1. VIEW EAST, SEED EXTRACTOR BUILDING ON LEFT, IMPLEMENT BUILDING ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    1. VIEW EAST, SEED EXTRACTOR BUILDING ON LEFT, IMPLEMENT BUILDING ON RIGHT. (see also WV-237-5, WV-237-9, WV-237-h-1, WV-237-L-1) - Parsons Nursery, Seed Extractor Building, South side of U.S. Route 219, Parsons, Tucker County, WV

  8. Protection against mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus using a novel insect repellent, ethyl anthranilate.

    PubMed

    Islam, Johirul; Zaman, Kamaruz; Tyagi, Varun; Duarah, Sanjukta; Dhiman, Sunil; Chattopadhyay, Pronobesh

    2017-10-01

    Growing concern on the application of synthetic mosquito repellents in the recent years has instigated the identification and development of better alternatives to control different mosquito-borne diseases. In view of above, present investigation evaluates the repellent activity of ethyl anthranilate (EA), a non-toxic, FDA approved volatile food additive against three known mosquito vectors namely, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions following standard protocols. Three concentration levels (2%, 5% and 10% w/v) of EA were tested against all the three selected mosquito species employing K & D module and arm-in-cage method to determine the effective dose (ED 50 ) and complete protection time (CPT), respectively. The repellent activity of EA was further investigated by modified arm-in-cage method to determine the protection over extended spatial ranges against all mosquito species. All behavioural situations were compared with the well-documented repellent N,N-diethylphenyl acetamide (DEPA) as a positive control. The findings demonstrated that EA exhibited significant repellent activity against all the three mosquitoes species. The ED 50 values of EA, against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus were found to be 0.96%, 5.4% and 3.6% w/v, respectively. At the concentration of 10% w/v, it provided CPTs of 60, 60 and 30min, respectively, against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Again in spatial repellency evaluation, EA was found to be extremely effective in repelling all the three tested species of mosquitoes. Ethyl anthranilate provided comparable results to standard repellent DEPA during the study. Results have concluded that the currently evaluated chemical, EA has potential repellent activity against some well established mosquito vectors. The study emphasizes that repellent activity of EA could be exploited for developing effective, eco

  9. An evaluation of the thermal and mechanical properties of a salt-modified polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel for a knee meniscus application.

    PubMed

    Curley, Colin; Hayes, Jennifer C; Rowan, Neil J; Kennedy, James E

    2014-12-01

    The treatment of irreparable knee meniscus tears remains a major challenge for the orthopaedic community. The main purpose of this research was to analyse the mechanical properties and thermal behaviour of a salt-modified polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, in order to assess its potential for use as an artificial meniscal implant. Aqueous poly vinyl alcohol was treated with a sodium sulphate solution to precipitate out the polyvinyl alcohol resulting in a pliable hydrogel. The freeze-thaw process, a strictly physical method of crosslinking, was employed to crosslink the hydrogel. Physical crosslinks in the form of crystalline regions were induced within the hydrogel structure which resulted in a large increase in mechanical resistance. Results showed that the optimal sodium sulphate addition of 6.6% (w/v) Na2SO4 in 8.33% (w/v) PVA causes the PVA to precipitate out of its solution. The effect of multiple freeze thaw cycles was also investigated. Investigation comprised of a variety of well-established characterisation techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical analysis, rheometry and swelling studies. DSC analysis showed that samples cross-linked using the freeze thaw process display a thermal shift due to increased crosslink density. FTIR analysis confirmed crystallisation is present at 1142cm(-1) and also showed that no chemical alteration occurs when PVA is treated with sodium sulphate. Swelling studies indicated that that PVA/sodium sulphate hydrogels absorb less water than untreated hydrogels due to increased amounts of PVA present. Compressive strength analysis of PVA/sodium sulphate hydrogels prepared at -80°C displayed average maximum loads of 2472N, 2482.4N and 2476N of over 1, 3 and 5 freeze thaw cycles respectively. Mechanical analysis of the hydrogel indicated that the material is thermally stable and resistant to breakdown by compressive force. These properties are crucial for

  10. Work stress and hair cortisol levels among workers in a Bangladeshi ready-made garment factory - Results from a cross-sectional study.

    PubMed

    Steinisch, Maria; Yusuf, Rita; Li, Jian; Stalder, Tobias; Bosch, Jos A; Rahman, Omar; Strümpell, Christian; Ashraf, Hasan; Fischer, Joachim E; Loerbroks, Adrian

    2014-12-01

    Evidence on the association of work stress with cortisol levels is inconsistent and mostly stems from Western countries, with limited generalizability to other regions of the world. These inconsistencies may partly be due to methodological limitations associated with the measurement of cortisol secretion in saliva, serum or urine. The present study set out to explore associations of work stress with long-term integrated cortisol levels in hair among 175 workers of an export oriented ready-made garment (RMG) factory in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Work-related demands (WD), interpersonal resources (IR) and work-related values (WV) were assessed using a psychometrically evaluated interview. WD consisted of four items on physical demands, time pressure, worries about mistakes and exposure to abusive language. IR comprised five items addressing support, recognition, adequate payment, workers' trust in the management, and the management's trust in workers, as perceived by the workers. WV captured job security, promotion prospects and job latitude by three items. Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Stepwise multivariable linear regression models (backward elimination of predictors) were used to estimate associations of HCC with the three work stress components. For significant work stress component(s), further multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to explore whether, and if so, which individual item(s) contributed most. The mean HCC equaled 3.27 (SD 2.58) pg/mg. HCC were found to be significantly associated with WV (beta=0.209, p=0.021). Additional analyses of the three WV items revealed that this association was largely driven the item on "promotion prospects" (beta=0.230, p=0.007) implying that the perception of good promotion prospects was associated with higher HCC. The finding of elevated HCC with good promotion prospects may initially seem counter-intuitive, but is supported by research documenting

  11. Ion-pair cloud-point extraction: a new method for the determination of water-soluble vitamins in plasma and urine.

    PubMed

    Heydari, Rouhollah; Elyasi, Najmeh S

    2014-10-01

    A novel, simple, and effective ion-pair cloud-point extraction coupled with a gradient high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for determination of thiamine (vitamin B1 ), niacinamide (vitamin B3 ), pyridoxine (vitamin B6 ), and riboflavin (vitamin B2 ) in plasma and urine samples. The extraction and separation of vitamins were achieved based on an ion-pair formation approach between these ionizable analytes and 1-heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt as an ion-pairing agent. Influential variables on the ion-pair cloud-point extraction efficiency, such as the ion-pairing agent concentration, ionic strength, pH, volume of Triton X-100, extraction temperature, and incubation time have been fully evaluated and optimized. Water-soluble vitamins were successfully extracted by 1-heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt (0.2% w/v) as ion-pairing agent with Triton X-100 (4% w/v) as surfactant phase at 50°C for 10 min. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r(2) > 0.9916) and precision in the concentration ranges of 1-50 μg/mL for thiamine and niacinamide, 5-100 μg/mL for pyridoxine, and 0.5-20 μg/mL for riboflavin. The recoveries were in the range of 78.0-88.0% with relative standard deviations ranging from 6.2 to 8.2%. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  12. Effect of lecithin and starch on alginate-encapsulated probiotic bacteria.

    PubMed

    Donthidi, A R; Tester, R F; Aidoo, K E

    2010-01-01

    The effect of lecithin and starch on viability of alginate encapsulated probiotics was determined at different temperatures. Probiotic organisms (1% v/v>10Log CFU ml(-1)) were encapsulated using alginate (2% w/v), gelatinized starches (2% w/v) and lecithin (0-4% w/v) and stored in sealed containers at 4, 23 and 37 degrees C (to simulate shelf storage conditions). Incorporation of lecithin improved the entrapment efficiency (p < 0.05) and the viability of encapsulated bacteria (p = 0.02). Encapsulated Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium species and Lactococcus lactis in lecithin containing freeze-dried beads had good survival stability (above 6Log CFU ml(-1)) at 23 degrees C for 12 weeks. The bacteria in the beads showed 6Log survival by the end of 2 weeks at 37 degrees C. Encapsulated L. casei in the alginate beads containing lecithin were also more stable in the yoghurt than the beads without lecithin. SEM analysis of the beads showed an irregular surface for the beads without lecithin.

  13. Development of a new fluorescent probe: 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(4'-aminophenyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza- s-indacence for the determination of trace nitrite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Mengling; Wang, Hong; Zhang, Xian; Zhang, Hua-shan

    2004-03-01

    A new fluorescent probe, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(4'-aminophenyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza- s-indacence (TMABODIPY) has been developed for the determination of trace nitrite in terms of the reaction of nitrite with TMABODIPY first in acidic solution and then in alkaline solution to form diazotate, a stable and highly fluorescent reagent. The method offered the advantage of specificity, sensitivity and simplicity. The linear calibration range for nitrite was 8-300 nmol l -1 s with a 3 σ detection limit of 0.65 nmol l -1. The proposed method has been applied to monitor the trace nitrite in drinking water and vegetable without extraction.

  14. 6. Photo copy of photograph, (original in Forest Service Office, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    6. Photo copy of photograph, (original in Forest Service Office, Elkins, WV, photo #445511, 'Nursery Manager's Residence'), H. C. Frayer, July 1947. VIEW EAST. (see also historic photographs WV-237-12, WV-237-13, WV-237-26) - Parsons Nursery, Manager's Residence, South side of U.S. Route 219, Parsons, Tucker County, WV

  15. A pragmatic approach for engineering porous mannitol and mechanistic evaluation of particle performance.

    PubMed

    Al-Khattawi, Ali; Koner, Jasdip; Rue, Peter; Kirby, Dan; Perrie, Yvonne; Rajabi-Siahboomi, Ali; Mohammed, Afzal R

    2015-08-01

    The importance of mannitol has increased recently as an emerging diluent for orodispersible dosage forms. The study aims to prepare spray dried mannitol retaining high porosity and mechanical strength for the development of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). Aqueous feed of d-mannitol (10% w/v) comprising ammonium bicarbonate, NH4HCO3 (5% w/v) as pore former was spray dried at inlet temperature of 110-170°C. Compacts were prepared at 151MPa and characterized for porosity, hardness and disintegration time. Particle morphology and drying mechanisms were studied using thermal (HSM, DSC and TGA) and polymorphic (XRD) methods. Tablet porosity increased from 0.20±0.002 for pure mannitol to 0.53±0.03 using fabricated porous mannitol. Disintegration time dropped by 50-77% from 135±5.29s for pure mannitol to 75.33±2.52-31.67±1.53s for mannitol 110-170°C. Hardness increased by 150% at 110°C (258.67±28.89N) and 30% at 150°C (152.70±10.58N) compared to pure mannitol tablets (104.17±1.70N). Increasing inlet temperature resulted in reducing tablet hardness due to generation of 'micro-sponge'-like particles exhibiting significant elastic recovery. Impact of mannitol polymorphism on plasticity/elasticity cannot be ruled out as a mixture of α and β polymorphs formed upon spray drying. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. Enantioselective penetration enhancing effect of carvone on the in vitro transdermal permeation of nicorandil.

    PubMed

    Krishnaiah, Yellela S R; Nada, Aly

    2012-01-01

    The objective was to investigate the difference in penetration enhancing effect of R-carvone, S-carvone and RS-carvone on the in vitro transdermal drug permeation. In vitro permeation studies were carried out across neonatal rat epidermis from 2%w/v HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) gel containing 4%w/v of nicorandil (a model drug) and a selected concentration (12%w/v) of either R-carvone, S-carvone or RS-carvone against a control. The stratum corneum (SC) of rats was treated with vehicle (70%v/v ethanol-water) or ethanolic solutions of 12%w/v R-carvone, S-carvone or RS-carvone. The enhancement ratio (ER) of R-carvone, S-carvone and RS-carvone when compared to control was about 37.1, 31.2 and 29.9, respectively indicating enantioselective penetration enhancing effect of carvone enantiomers. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the lag time required to produce a steady-state flux of nicorandil with S-carvone when compared to R-carvone and RS-carvone. DSC and FT-IR studies indicate that the investigated enantiomers of carvone exhibit a difference in their ability to affect the cellular organization of SC lipids and proteins thereby showing enantioselective transdermal drug permeation. It was concluded that R-carvone exhibited a higher penetration enhancing activity on transdermal permeation of nicorandil when compared to its S-isomer or racemic mixture.

  17. Multifunctional ion transport properties of human SLC4A11: comparison of the SLC4A11-B and SLC4A11-C variants.

    PubMed

    Kao, Liyo; Azimov, Rustam; Shao, Xuesi M; Frausto, Ricardo F; Abuladze, Natalia; Newman, Debra; Aldave, Anthony J; Kurtz, Ira

    2016-11-01

    Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED), Harboyan syndrome (CHED with progressive sensorineural deafness), and potentially a subset of individuals with late-onset Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy are caused by mutations in the SLC4A11 gene that results in corneal endothelial cell abnormalities. Originally classified as a borate transporter, the function of SLC4A11 as a transport protein remains poorly understood. Elucidating the transport function(s) of SLC4A11 is needed to better understand how its loss results in the aforementioned posterior corneal dystrophic disease processes. Quantitative PCR experiments demonstrated that, of the three known human NH 2 -terminal variants, SLC4A11-C is the major transcript expressed in human corneal endothelium. We studied the expression pattern of the three variants in mammalian HEK-293 cells and demonstrated that the SLC4A11-B and SLC4A11-C variants are plasma membrane proteins, whereas SLC4A11-A is localized intracellularly. SLC4A11-B and SLC4A11-C were shown to be multifunctional ion transporters capable of transporting H + equivalents in both a Na + -independent and Na + -coupled mode. In both transport modes, SLC4A11-C H + flux was significantly greater than SLC4A11-B. In the presence of ammonia, SLC4A11-B and SLC4A11-C generated inward currents that were comparable in magnitude. Chimera SLC4A11-C-NH 2 -terminus-SLC4A11-B experiments demonstrated that the SLC4A11-C NH 2 -terminus functions as an autoactivating domain, enhancing Na + -independent and Na + -coupled H + flux without significantly affecting the electrogenic NH 3 -H (n) + cotransport mode. All three modes of transport were significantly impaired in the presence of the CHED causing p.R109H (SLC4A11-C numbering) mutation. These complex ion transport properties need to be addressed in the context of corneal endothelial disease processes caused by mutations in SLC4A11. Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.

  18. A relatively small change in sodium chloride concentration has a strong effect on adhesion of ocular bacteria to contact lenses.

    PubMed

    Cowell, B A; Willcox, M D; Schneider, R P

    1998-06-01

    Adhesion of bacteria to hydrogel lenses is thought to be an initial step of ocular colonization allowing evasion of normal host defences. The salt concentration of media is an important parameter controlling microbial adhesion. Salinity varies from 0.97% NaCl equivalents in the open eye to 0.89% in the closed eye state. In this study, the effect of sodium chloride in the concentration range of 0.8-1.0% (w/v) NaCl on adhesion of ocular bacteria to soft contact lenses was investigated using a static adhesion assay. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to adhere to lenses in significantly greater amounts than Serratia marcescens, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Staphylococcus intermedius. Increasing NaCl from 0.8% to 1.0% (w/v) increased adhesion of all bacteria tested. This adhesion was strong since the organisms could not be removed by washing in low ionic buffer. Adhesion of these organisms did not correlate with their cell surface properties as determined by bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons (BATH) and retention on sepharose columns.

  19. Multiferroic fluoride BaCoF4 Thin Films Grown Via Molecular Beam Epitaxy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Borisov, Pavel; Johnson, Trent; García-Castro, Camilo; Kc, Amit; Schrecongost, Dustin; Cen, Cheng; Romero, Aldo; Lederman, David

    Multiferroic materials exhibit exciting physics related to the simultaneous presence of multiple long-range orders, in many cases consisting of antiferromagnetic (AF) and ferroelectric (FE) orderings. In order to provide a new, promising route for fluoride-based multiferroic material engineering, we grew multiferroic fluoride BaCoF4 in thin film form on Al2O3 (0001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The films grow with the orthorhombic b-axis out-of-plane and with three in-plane structural twin domains along the polar c-axis directions. The FE ordering in thin films was verified by FE remanent hysteresis loops measurements at T = 14 K and by room temperature piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). An AF behavior was found below Neel temperature TN ~ 80 K, which is in agreement with the bulk properties. At lower temperatures two additional magnetic phase transitions at 19 K and 41 K were found. First-principles calculations demonstrated that the growth strain applied to the bulk BaCoF4 indeed favors two canted spin orders, along the b- and a-axes, respectively, in addition to the main AF spin order along the c-axis. Supported by FAME (Contract 2013-MA-2382), WV Research Challenge Grant (HEPC.dsr.12.29), and DMREF-NSF 1434897.

  20. A simplified hardwood log-sawing program for three-dimensional profile data

    Treesearch

    R. Edward Thomas

    2011-01-01

    Current laser scanning systems in sawmills collect low-resolution three-dimensional (3D) profiles of logs. However, these scanners are capable of much more. As a demonstration, the U.S. Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory in Princeton, WV, constructed a 3D laser log scanner using off -the-shelf industrial scanning components.

  1. Crystal structure of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase: radical catalysis involving a [4Fe-4S] cluster and flavin.

    PubMed

    Martins, Berta M; Dobbek, Holger; Cinkaya, Irfan; Buckel, Wolfgang; Messerschmidt, Albrecht

    2004-11-02

    Dehydratases catalyze the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond leading to unsaturated products via the elimination of water. The 1.6-A resolution crystal structure of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase from the gamma-aminobutyrate-fermenting Clostridium aminobutyricum represents a new class of dehydratases with an unprecedented active site architecture. A [4Fe-4S](2+) cluster, coordinated by three cysteine and one histidine residues, is located 7 A from the Re-side of a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) moiety. The structure provides insight into the function of these ubiquitous prosthetic groups in the chemically nonfacile, radical-mediated dehydration of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. The substrate can be bound between the [4Fe-4S](2+) cluster and the FAD with both cofactors contributing to its radical activation and catalytic conversion. Our results raise interesting questions regarding the mechanism of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, which are involved in fatty acid oxidation, and address the divergent evolution of the ancestral common gene.

  2. Role of S…O non-bonded interaction in controlling supramolecular assemblies in a new series of 2-aminobenzothiazole based organic salts/ co-crystals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yadav, Priyanka; Patel, Vatsa; Ballabh, Amar

    2018-07-01

    A new series of 2-aminobenzothiazole based organic salts were synthesized with mono- / di-carboxylic acid and characterized with various physico-chemical methods. One of the synthesized salt 2-aminobenzothiazolium-hydrogen fumarate (BTzA4) was found to be capable of gelling water with minimum gelator concentration (MGC) around 1.25 wt% (w/v). The single crystal structures of gelator (BTzA4) and non-gelators were analyzed for the presence of various supramolecular synthons especially the rarely occurring non-bonded S…O interactions and their role in controlling the overall hydrogen bonded network in these series of salts/ cocrystals. Charge assisted hydrogen bonded network was found to be governing the weak non-bonded S…O supramolecular synthons in the present study.

  3. Anoxybacillus vitaminiphilus sp. nov., a strictly aerobic and moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Xin-Qi; Zhang, Zhen-Li; Wu, Nan; Zhu, Xu-Fen; Wu, Min

    2013-11-01

    A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and spore-forming bacterium, strain 3nP4(T), was isolated from the Puge hot spring located in the south-western geothermal area of China. Strain 3nP4(T) grew at 38-66 °C (optimum 57-60 °C), at pH 6.0-9.3 (optimum 7.0-7.5) and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-0.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, as well as DNA-DNA relatedness values, indicated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, related most closely to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 12111(T). Strain 3nP4(T) had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified phospholipid as major polar lipids and iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids, which are both typical chemotaxonomic characteristics of the genus Anoxybacillus. The mean DNA G+C content of strain 3nP4(T) was 39.2±0.95 mol% (HPLC). A distinctive characteristic of the novel isolate was its extreme reliance on vitamin mixture or yeast extract for growth. Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, strain 3nP4(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus vitaminiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3nP4(T) ( = CGMCC 1.8979(T) = JCM 16594(T)).

  4. Combined control of morphology and polymorph in spray drying of mannitol for dry powder inhalation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lyu, Feng; Liu, Jing J.; Zhang, Yang; Wang, Xue Z.

    2017-06-01

    The morphology and polymorphism of mannitol particles were controlled during spray drying with the aim of improving the aerosolization properties of inhalable dry powders. The obtained microparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and inhaler testing with a next generation impactor. Mannitol particles of varied α-mannitol content and surface roughness were prepared via spray drying by manipulating the concentration of NH4HCO3 in the feed solution. The bubbles produced by NH4HCO3 led to the formation of spheroid particles with a rough surface. Further, the fine particle fraction was increased by the rough surface of carriers and the high α-mannitol content. Inhalable dry powders with a 29.1 ± 2.4% fine particle fraction were obtained by spray-drying using 5% mannitol (w/v)/2% NH4HCO3 (w/v) as the feed solution, proving that this technique is an effective method to engineer particles for dry powder inhalation.

  5. COL4A3/COL4A4 mutations and features in individuals with autosomal recessive Alport syndrome.

    PubMed

    Storey, Helen; Savige, Judy; Sivakumar, Vanessa; Abbs, Stephen; Flinter, Frances A

    2013-12-01

    Alport syndrome is an inherited disease characterized by hematuria, progressive renal failure, hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities. Autosomal recessive Alport syndrome is suspected in consanguineous families and when female patients develop renal failure. Fifteen percent of patients with Alport syndrome have autosomal recessive inheritance caused by two pathogenic mutations in either COL4A3 or COL4A4. Here, we describe the mutations and clinical features in 40 individuals including 9 children and 21 female individuals (53%) with autosomal recessive inheritance indicated by the detection of two mutations. The median age was 31 years (range, 6-54 years). The median age at end stage renal failure was 22.5 years (range, 10-38 years), but renal function was normal in nine adults (29%). Hearing loss and ocular abnormalities were common (23 of 35 patients [66%] and 10 of 18 patients [56%], respectively). Twenty mutation pairs (50%) affected COL4A3 and 20 pairs affected COL4A4. Of the 68 variants identified, 39 were novel, 12 were homozygous changes, and 9 were present in multiple individuals, including c.2906C>G (p.(Ser969*)) in COL4A4, which was found in 23% of the patients. Thirty-six variants (53%) resulted directly or indirectly in a stop codon, and all 17 individuals with early onset renal failure had at least one such mutation, whereas these mutations were less common in patients with normal renal function or late-onset renal failure. In conclusion, patient phenotypes may vary depending on the underlying mutations, and genetic testing should be considered for the routine diagnosis of autosomal recessive Alport syndrome.

  6. COL4A3/COL4A4 Mutations and Features in Individuals with Autosomal Recessive Alport Syndrome

    PubMed Central

    Savige, Judy; Sivakumar, Vanessa; Abbs, Stephen; Flinter, Frances A.

    2013-01-01

    Alport syndrome is an inherited disease characterized by hematuria, progressive renal failure, hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities. Autosomal recessive Alport syndrome is suspected in consanguineous families and when female patients develop renal failure. Fifteen percent of patients with Alport syndrome have autosomal recessive inheritance caused by two pathogenic mutations in either COL4A3 or COL4A4. Here, we describe the mutations and clinical features in 40 individuals including 9 children and 21 female individuals (53%) with autosomal recessive inheritance indicated by the detection of two mutations. The median age was 31 years (range, 6–54 years). The median age at end stage renal failure was 22.5 years (range, 10–38 years), but renal function was normal in nine adults (29%). Hearing loss and ocular abnormalities were common (23 of 35 patients [66%] and 10 of 18 patients [56%], respectively). Twenty mutation pairs (50%) affected COL4A3 and 20 pairs affected COL4A4. Of the 68 variants identified, 39 were novel, 12 were homozygous changes, and 9 were present in multiple individuals, including c.2906C>G (p.(Ser969*)) in COL4A4, which was found in 23% of the patients. Thirty-six variants (53%) resulted directly or indirectly in a stop codon, and all 17 individuals with early onset renal failure had at least one such mutation, whereas these mutations were less common in patients with normal renal function or late-onset renal failure. In conclusion, patient phenotypes may vary depending on the underlying mutations, and genetic testing should be considered for the routine diagnosis of autosomal recessive Alport syndrome. PMID:24052634

  7. View northeast, overview of Albert Thacker building group: chicken house ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    View northeast, overview of Albert Thacker building group: chicken house (HABS No. WV-267-D), wash house (267-C), privy (HABS No. WV-268-B), and house (267-A) (left to right in photograph) - 3249 Cyrus Road (House), Cyrus, Wayne County, WV

  8. 24. CLOSEUP VIEW OF A GRINDSTONE THAT IS LOCATED NEAR ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    24. CLOSE-UP VIEW OF A GRINDSTONE THAT IS LOCATED NEAR THE SPILLWAYS OF THE POWER PLANT. THIS GRINDSTONE REMAINS FROM THE ERA WHEN THE STRUCTURE ON THIS SITE FUNCTIONED AS A PULP MILL. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

  9. N4H9Cu7S4: a hydrazinium-based salt with a layered Cu7S4- framework.

    PubMed

    Mitzi, David B

    2007-02-05

    Crystals of a hydrazinium-based copper(I) sulfide salt, N4H9Cu7S4 (1), have been isolated by an ambient temperature solution-based process. In contrast to previously reported hydrazinium salts of main-group metal chalcogenides, which consist of isolated metal chalcogenide anions, and ACu7S4 (A = NH4+, Rb+, Tl+, K+), which contains a more three-dimensional Cu7S4- framework with partial Cu-site occupancy, the structure of 1 [P21, a = 6.8621(4) A, b = 7.9851(4) A, c = 10.0983(5) A, beta = 99.360(1) degrees , Z = 2] is composed of extended two-dimensional Cu7S4- slabs with full Cu-site occupancy. The Cu7S4- slabs are separated by a mixture of hydrazinium and hydrazine moieties. Thermal decomposition of 1 into copper(I) sulfide proceeds at a significantly lower temperature than that observed for analogous hydrazinium salts of previously considered metal chalcogenides, completing the transition at temperatures as low as 120 degrees C. Solutions of 1 may be used in the solution deposition of a range of Cu-containing chalcogenide films.

  10. Bioethanol production from leafy biomass of mango (Mangifera indica) involving naturally isolated and recombinant enzymes.

    PubMed

    Das, Saprativ P; Ravindran, Rajeev; Deka, Deepmoni; Jawed, Mohammad; Das, Debasish; Goyal, Arun

    2013-01-01

    The present study describes the usage of dried leafy biomass of mango (Mangifera indica) containing 26.3% (w/w) cellulose, 54.4% (w/w) hemicellulose, and 16.9% (w/w) lignin, as a substrate for bioethanol production from Zymomonas mobilis and Candida shehatae. The substrate was subjected to two different pretreatment strategies, namely, wet oxidation and an organosolv process. An ethanol concentration (1.21 g/L) was obtained with Z. mobilis in a shake-flask simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) trial using 1% (w/v) wet oxidation pretreated mango leaves along with mixed enzymatic consortium of Bacillus subtilis cellulase and recombinant hemicellulase (GH43), whereas C. shehatae gave a slightly higher (8%) ethanol titer of 1.31 g/L. Employing 1% (w/v) organosolv pretreated mango leaves and using Z. mobilis and C. shehatae separately in the SSF, the ethanol titers of 1.33 g/L and 1.52 g/L, respectively, were obtained. The SSF experiments performed with 5% (w/v) organosolv-pretreated substrate along with C. shehatae as fermentative organism gave a significantly enhanced ethanol titer value of 8.11 g/L using the shake flask and 12.33 g/L at the bioreactor level. From the bioreactor, 94.4% (v/v) ethanol was recovered by rotary evaporator with 21% purification efficiency.

  11. Polyamidoamine dendrimer hydrogel for enhanced delivery of antiglaucoma drugs.

    PubMed

    Holden, Christopher A; Tyagi, Puneet; Thakur, Ashish; Kadam, Rajendra; Jadhav, Gajanan; Kompella, Uday B; Yang, Hu

    2012-07-01

    Dendrimer hydrogel (DH), made from ultraviolet-cured polyamidoamine dendrimer G3.0 tethered with three polyethylene glycol (PEG, 12,000 Da)-acrylate chains (8.1% w/v) in pH 7.4 phosphate buffered saline (PBS), was studied for the delivery of brimonidine (0.1% w/v) and timolol maleate (0.5% w/v), two antiglaucoma drugs. DH was found to be mucoadhesive to mucin particles and nontoxic to human corneal epithelial cells. DH increased the PBS solubility of brimonidine by 77.6% and sustained the in vitro release of both drugs over 56-72 hours. As compared to eye drop formulations (PBS-drug solutions), DH brought about substantially higher human corneal epithelial cells uptake and significantly increased bovine corneal transport for both drugs. DH increased timolol maleate uptake in bovine corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium by 0.4- to 4.6-fold. This work demonstrated that DH can enhance the delivery of antiglaucoma drugs in multiple aspects and represents a novel platform for ocular drug delivery. Dendrimer hydrogel was studied as agent for simultaneous delivery of two anti-glaucoma drugs, one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic. Superiority over standard PBS-based formulation was clearly demonstrated for both drugs. The work may be a novel platform for ocular drug delivery. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Vibrio hippocampi sp. nov., a new species isolated from wild seahorses (Hippocampus guttulatus).

    PubMed

    Balcázar, José Luis; Pintado, José; Planas, Miquel

    2010-06-01

    A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile and slightly curved rod-shaped bacterium (BFLP-4(T)) was isolated from the faeces of wild seahorses (Hippocampus guttulatus) captured in northwest Spain (Toralla, Galicia). Strain BFLP-4(T) grew at 10-35 degrees C and pH 5-9 (optimally at 20 degrees C and pH 7.2) and at salt concentrations in the range 0-7% w/v NaCl. The G+C content of the DNA was 49.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain BFLP-4(T) was a member of the genus Vibrio, being most closely related to Vibrio ichthyoenteri (97.1%), Vibrio mediterranei (96.7%), Vibrio scophthalmi (96.7%) and Vibrio sinaloensis (96.6%). A phylogenetic analysis based on recA gene sequences also supported the affiliation of strain BFLP-4(T) to the genus Vibrio. Strain BFLP-4(T) could be readily differentiated from other closely related species by several phenotypic properties and fatty acid profiles. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain BFLP-4(T) represents a novel species within the genus Vibrio, for which the name Vibrio hippocampi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BFLP-4(T) (=DSM 22717(T)=LMG 25354(T)).

  13. In vivo evaluation of an oral delivery system for P-gp substrates based on thiolated chitosan.

    PubMed

    Föger, Florian; Schmitz, Thierry; Bernkop-Schnürch, Andreas

    2006-08-01

    Recently, thiolated polymers, so called thiomers, have been reported to modulate drug absorption by inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The aim of the present study was to provide a proof-of-principle for a delivery system based on thiolated chitosan in vivo in rats, using rhodamine-123 (Rho-123) as representative P-gp substrate. In vitro, the permeation enhancing effect of unmodified chitosan, chitosan-4 thiobutylamidine (Ch-TBA) and the combination of Ch-TBA with reduced glutathione (GSH) was evaluated by using freshly excised rat intestinal mucosa mounted in Ussing-type chambers. In comparison to buffer only, Rho-123 transport in presence of 0.5% (w/v) chitosan, 0.5% (w/v) Ch-TBA and the combination of 0.5% (w/v) Ch-TBA/0.5% (w/v) GSH, was 1.8-fold, 2.6-fold, 3.8-fold improved, respectively. Furthermore, enteric-coated tablets based on unmodified chitosan or Ch-TBA/GSH, were investigated in vivo. In rats, the Ch-TBA/GSH tablets increased the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC0-12) of Rho-123 by 217% in comparison to buffer control and by 58% in comparison to unmodified chitosan. This in vivo study showed that a delivery system based on thiolated chitosan significantly increased the oral bioavailability of P-gp substrate Rho-123.

  14. Producing a lycopene nanodispersion: Formulation development and the effects of high pressure homogenization.

    PubMed

    Shariffa, Y N; Tan, T B; Uthumporn, U; Abas, F; Mirhosseini, H; Nehdi, I A; Wang, Y-H; Tan, C P

    2017-11-01

    The aim of this study was to develop formulations to produce lycopene nanodispersions and to investigate the effects of the homogenization pressure on the physicochemical properties of the lycopene nanodispersion. The samples were prepared by using emulsification-evaporation technique. The best formulation was achieved by dispersing an organic phase (0.3% w/v lycopene dissolved in dichloromethane) in an aqueous phase (0.3% w/v Tween 20 dissolved in deionized water) at a ratio of 1:9 by using homogenization process. The increased level of homogenization pressure to 500bar reduced the particle size and lycopene concentration significantly (p<0.05). Excessive homogenization pressure (700-900bar) resulted in large particle sizes with high dispersibility. The zeta potential and turbidity of the lycopene nanodispersion were significantly influenced by the homogenization pressure. The results from this study provided useful information for producing small-sized lycopene nanodispersions with a narrow PDI and good stability for application in beverage products. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Biogas production from oil palm empty fruit bunches of post mushroom cultivation media

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Purnomo, Agus; Suprihatin; Romli, M.; Hasanudin, Udin

    2018-03-01

    The Empty fruit bunches are one of the palm oil industry wastes, which can be used for mushroom cultivation. Post-cultivation of mushroom from former EFB-mushroom media (EFBMM) has the potential to be processed into biogas. The purpose of this research was to examine optimum co-digestion conditions for biogas production of EFBMM.The research was carried out in an anaerobic digester with three different conditions - dry fermentation (Water content (WC)/Total Solid (TS) ratio 1.5 - 3.5), semi-wet fermentation (WC/TS ratio = 4.0 - 5.7) and wet fermentation (WC/TS ratio> 9.0) conditions. Digester of capacity 50L was used. Fermentation was done using 20% cow feces as inoculum which then added with circulation system for 70 days. The results showed that optimum biogas production were produced in semi-wet fermentation conditions (WC/TS ratio = 4). It was produced 37.462 liters (2.420 liters CH4/Kg Volatile Solid (VS)) of biogas with methane contain about 26.231%. Total volume of inoculum during process was 19.6 liters (1: 4 w/v) with absorbed TS inoculum ratio, TS/I = 0.4 (1:2.5 w/v). The result of research also showed that biogas which was produced from control about 2.865 liters (0.041 liters CH4/KgVS), with TS absorbed inoculum ratio, TS/I = 0.5 (1: 5w/v).

  16. DEVELOPMENT OF A FISH INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY FOR ASSESSING WADEABLE STREAMS IN WEST VIRGINIA

    EPA Science Inventory

    We used Environmental Monitoring Assessment Program (EMAP) data from the Mid-Atlantic Highlands Assessment (MAHA) to develop an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) for West Virginia (WV). Standard techniques were used to evaluate a candidate pool of 58 fish assemblage metrics. Resp...

  17. Characterization of rat serum amyloid A4 (SAA4): A novel member of the SAA superfamily

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rossmann, Christine; Windpassinger, Christian; Brunner, Daniela

    2014-08-08

    Highlights: • The full length rat SAA4 (rSAA4) mRNA was characterized by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. • rSAA4 mRNA has 1830 bases including a GA dinucleotide tandem repeat in the 5′UTR. • Three consecutive C/EBP promoter elements are crucial for transcription of rSAA4. • rSAA4 is abundantly expressed in the liver on mRNA and protein level. - Abstract: The serum amyloid A (SAA) family of proteins is encoded by multiple genes, which display allelic variation and a high degree of homology in mammals. The SAA1/2 genes code for non-glycosylated acute-phase SAA1/2 proteins, that may increase up to 1000-fold duringmore » inflammation. The SAA4 gene, well characterized in humans (hSAA4) and mice (mSaa4) codes for a SAA4 protein that is glycosylated only in humans. We here report on a previously uncharacterized SAA4 gene (rSAA4) and its product in Rattus norvegicus, the only mammalian species known not to express acute-phase SAA. The exon/intron organization of rSAA4 is similar to that reported for hSAA4 and mSaa4. By performing 5′- and 3′RACE, we identified a 1830-bases containing rSAA4 mRNA (including a GA-dinucleotide tandem repeat). Highest rSAA4 mRNA expression was detected in rat liver. In McA-RH7777 rat hepatoma cells, rSAA4 transcription was significantly upregulated in response to LPS and IL-6 while IL-1α/β and TNFα were without effect. Luciferase assays with promoter-truncation constructs identified three proximal C/EBP-elements that mediate expression of rSAA4 in McA-RH7777 cells. In line with sequence prediction a 14-kDa non-glycosylated SAA4 protein is abundantly expressed in rat liver. Fluorescence microscopy revealed predominant localization of rSAA4-GFP-tagged fusion protein in the ER.« less

  18. A comparative histological study of alginate beads as a promising controlled release delivery for mefenamic acid.

    PubMed

    Sevgi, Ferhan; Kaynarsoy, Buket; Ozyazici, Mine; Pekcetin, Cetin; Ozyurt, Dogan

    2008-01-01

    The new mefenamic acid-alginate bead formulation prepared by ionotropic gelation method using 3 x 2(2) factorial design has shown adequate controlled release properties in vitro. In the present study, the irritation effects of mefenamic acid (MA), a prominent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drug, were evaluated on rat gastric and duodenal mucosa when suspended in 0.5% (w/v) sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) solution and loaded in alginate beads. Wistar albino rats weighing 200 +/- 50 g were used during in vivo animal studies. In this work, biodegradable controlled release MA beads and free MA were evaluated according to the degree of gastric or duodenal damage following oral administration in rats. The gastric and duodenal mucosa was examined for any haemorrhagic changes. Formulation code A10 showing both Case II transport and zero order drug release and t(50) % value of 5.22 h was chosen for in vivo animal studies. For in vivo trials, free MA (100 mgkg(-1)), blank and MA (100 mgkg(-1)) loaded alginate beads (formulation code A10) were suspended in 0.5% (w/v) NaCMC solution and each group was given to six rats orally by gavage. NaCMC solution was used as a control in experimental studies. In vivo data showed that the administration of MA in alginate beads prevented the gastric lesions.

  19. Bridging cobalt-calixarene subunits into a Co8 entity or a chain with 4,4‧-bipyridyl

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Wei; Liu, Mei; Du, Shangchao; Li, Yafeng; Liao, Wuping

    2014-02-01

    Two novel calixarene-based compounds, {[Co4Cl(TC4A)(HCOO)3]2(4,4‧-bpy)2} (CIAC-206) and {[Co3(H2O)(SC4A-SO2)(HCOO)2]2(4,4‧-bpy)}n (CIAC-207) (H4TC4A = p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene, SC4A-SO2 = p-tert-butylsulfonylcalix[4]arene, 4,4‧-bpy = 4,4‧-bipyridyl) were synthesized under solvothermal conditions, and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, TG-DSC analysis, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. These two structures are featured with isolated Z-shaped Co8 entities containing two Co4-TC4A subunits bridged by two parallel 4,4‧-bpy (CIAC-206) and some zigzag chains with [Co3-SC4A-SO2]2 dimers bridged by single 4,4‧-bpy (CIAC-207), respectively. In order to evaluate their properties, the N2 sorption behavior and magnetic property were examined.

  20. White spotting variant mouse as an experimental model for ovarian aging and menopausal biology.

    PubMed

    Smith, Elizabeth R; Yeasky, Toni; Wei, Jain Qin; Miki, Roberto A; Cai, Kathy Q; Smedberg, Jennifer L; Yang, Wan-Lin; Xu, Xiang-Xi

    2012-05-01

    Menopause is a unique phenomenon in modern women, as most mammalian species possess a reproductive period comparable with their life span. Menopause is caused by the depletion of germ cell-containing ovarian follicles and in laboratory studies is usually modeled in animals in which the ovarian function is removed through ovariectomy or chemical poisoning of the germ cells. Our objective was to explore and characterize the white spotting variant (Wv) mice that have reduced ovarian germ cell abundance, a result of a point mutation in the c-kit gene that decreases kinase activity, as a genetic model for use in menopause studies. Physiological and morphological features associated with menopause were determined in female Wv/Wv mice compared with age-matched wildtype controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the presence and number of follicles in paraffin-embedded ovaries. Bone density and body composition were evaluated using the PIXImus x-ray densitometer, and lipids, calcium, and hormone levels were determined in serum using antigen-specific enzyme immunoassays. Heart and body weight were measured, and cardiac function was evaluated using transthoracic echocardiography. The ovaries of the Wv/Wv females have a greatly reduced number of normal germ cells at birth compared with wildtype mice. The remaining follicles are depleted by around 2 months, and the ovaries develop benign epithelial lesions that resemble morphological changes that occur during ovarian aging, whereas a normal mouse ovary has numerous follicles at all stages of development and retains some follicles even in advanced age. Wv mice have elevated plasma gonadotropins and reduced estrogen and progesterone levels, a significant reduction in bone mass density, and elevated serum cholesterol and lipoprotein levels. Moreover, the Wv female mice have enlarged hearts and reduced cardiac function. The reduction of c-kit activity in Wv mice leads to a substantially diminished follicular endowment in

  1. 2. VIEW WEST, REAR AND FERNOW EXPERIMENTAL FOREST BUNKHOUSE ON ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    2. VIEW WEST, REAR AND FERNOW EXPERIMENTAL FOREST BUNKHOUSE ON RIGHT. (see also WV-237-6, WV-237-N-2, and historic photograph WV-237-N-5) - Parsons Nursery, Fernow Experimental Forest Well House, South side of U.S. Route 219, Parsons, Tucker County, WV

  2. Preparation of collagen/polyurethane/knitted silk as a composite scaffold for tendon tissue engineering.

    PubMed

    Sharifi-Aghdam, Maryam; Faridi-Majidi, Reza; Derakhshan, Mohammad Ali; Chegeni, Arash; Azami, Mahmoud

    2017-07-01

    The main objective of this study was to prepare a hybrid three-dimensional scaffold that mimics natural tendon tissues. It has been found that a knitted silk shows good mechanical strength; however, cell growth on the bare silk is not desirable. Hence, electrospun collagen/polyurethane combination was used to cover knitted silk. A series of collagen and polyurethane solutions (4%-7% w/v) in aqueous acetic acid were prepared and electrospun. According to obtained scanning electron microscopy images from pure collagen and polyurethane nanofibers, concentration was set constant at 5% (w/v) for blend solutions of collagen/polyurethane. Afterward, blend solutions with the weight ratios of 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 were electrospun. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated the smooth and uniform morphology for the optimized nanofibers. The least fibers diameter among three weight ratios was found for collagen/polyurethane (25/75) which was 100.86 ± 40 nm and therefore was selected to be electrospun on the knitted silk. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the chemical composition of obtained electrospun nanofibers on the knitted silk. Tensile test of the specimens including blend nanofiber, knitted silk and commercial tendon substitute examined and indicated that collagen/polyurethane-coated knitted silk has appropriate mechanical properties as a scaffold for tendon tissue engineering. Then, Alamar Blue assay of the L929 fibroblast cell line seeded on the prepared scaffolds demonstrated appropriate viability of the cells with a significant proliferation on the scaffold containing more collagen content. The results illustrate that the designed structure would be promising for being used as a temporary substitute for tendon repair.

  3. Tenacibaculum aiptasiae sp. nov., isolated from a sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella.

    PubMed

    Wang, Jih-Terng; Chou, Yi-Ju; Chou, Jui-Hsing; Chen, Chaolun Allen; Chen, Wen-Ming

    2008-04-01

    A novel bacterial strain, designated a4T, isolated from a sea anemone (Aiptasia pulchella) in Taiwan, was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain a4T was aerobic, Gram-negative, pale-yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped. It grew optimally at 30-35 degrees C, in the presence of 3-4 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 8.0. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the genus Tenacibaculum (family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes). The closest neighbours were Tenacibaculum lutimaris TF-26T (97.6 % similarity) and Tenacibaculum aestuarii SMK-4T (97.7 % similarity). The novel isolate could be distinguished from all Tenacibaculum species by several phenotypic characteristics. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 omega 7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, 19.6 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.9 %), iso-C16 : 0 3-OH (10.2 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (9.9 %) and iso-C15 : 1 (9.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 35.0 mol%. Hence, genotypic and phenotypic data demonstrate that strain a4(T) should be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculum aiptasiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is a4T (=BCRC 17655T =LMG 24004T).

  4. Severe Weather and Special Events - NOAA GOES Geostationary Satellite

    Science.gov Websites

    IR Image Loop Infrared 2 Event 4 Chan 2 Image Visible Event 4 VIS Image Loop Water Vapor Event 4 WV ;. This web site should not be used to support operational observation, forecasting, emergency, or

  5. Differences in the Importance of Mast Cells, Basophils, IgE, and IgG versus That of CD4+ T Cells and ILC2 Cells in Primary and Secondary Immunity to Strongyloides venezuelensis.

    PubMed

    Mukai, Kaori; Karasuyama, Hajime; Kabashima, Kenji; Kubo, Masato; Galli, Stephen J

    2017-05-01

    There is evidence that mast cells, basophils, and IgE can contribute to immune responses to parasites; however, the relative levels of importance of these effector elements in parasite immunity are not fully understood. Previous work in Il3 -deficient and c- kit mutant Kit W / W-v mice indicated that interleukin-3 and c-Kit contribute to expulsion of the intestinal nematode Strongyloides venezuelensis during primary infection. Our findings in mast cell-deficient Kit W-sh / W-sh mice and two types of mast cell-deficient mice that have normal c- kit ("Hello Kit ty" and MasTRECK mice) confirmed prior work in Kit W / W-v mice that suggested that mast cells play an important role in S. venezuelensis egg clearance in primary infections. We also assessed a possible contribution of basophils in immune responses to S. venezuelensis By immunohistochemistry, we found that numbers of basophils and mast cells were markedly increased in the jejunal mucosa during primary infections with S. venezuelensis Studies in basophil-deficient Mcpt8 DTR mice revealed a small but significant contribution of basophils to S. venezuelensis egg clearance in primary infections. Studies in mice deficient in various components of immune responses showed that CD4 + T cells and ILC2 cells, IgG, FcRγ, and, to a lesser extent, IgE and FcεRI contribute to effective immunity in primary S. venezuelensis infections. These findings support the conclusion that the hierarchy of importance of immune effector mechanisms in primary S. venezuelensis infection is as follows: CD4 + T cells/ILC2 cells, IgG, and FcRγ>mast cells>IgE and FcεRI>basophils. In contrast, in secondary S. venezuelensis infection, our evidence indicates that the presence of CD4 + T cells is of critical importance but mast cells, antibodies, and basophils have few or no nonredundant roles. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

  6. Food-Associated Lactobacillus plantarum and Yeasts Inhibit the Genotoxic Effect of 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide

    PubMed Central

    Prete, Roberta; Tofalo, Rosanna; Federici, Ermanno; Ciarrocchi, Aurora; Cenci, Giovanni; Corsetti, Aldo

    2017-01-01

    Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, representing the prevailing microbiota associated with different foods generally consumed without any cooking, were identified and characterized in vitro for some functional properties, such as acid-bile tolerance and antigenotoxic activity. In particular, 22 Lactobacillus plantarum strains and 14 yeasts were studied. The gastro-intestinal tract tolerance of all the strains was determined by exposing washed cell suspensions at 37°C to a simulated gastric juice (pH 2.0), containing pepsin (0.3% w/v) and to a simulated small intestinal juice (pH 8.0), containing pancreatin (1 mg mL-1) and bile extract (0.5%), thus monitoring changes in total viable count. In general, following a strain-dependent behavior, all the tested strains persisted alive after combined acid-bile challenge. Moreover, many strains showed high in vitro inhibitory activity against a model genotoxin, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO), as determined by the short-term method, SOS-Chromotest. Interestingly, the supernatants from bacteria- or yeasts-genotoxin co-incubations exhibited a suppression on SOS-induction produced by 4-NQO on the tester strain Escherichia coli PQ37 (sfiA::lacZ) exceeding, in general, the value of 75%. The results highlight that food associated microorganisms may reach the gut in viable form and prevent genotoxin DNA damage in situ. Our experiments can contribute to elucidate the functional role of food-associated microorganisms general recognized as safe ingested with foods as a part of the diet. PMID:29234315

  7. Fracture Toughness and Strength in a New Class of Bainitic Chromium-Tungsten Steels

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mao, S. X.; Sikka, V. K.

    This project dealt with developing an understanding of the toughening and stengthening mechanisms for a new class of Fe-3Cr-W(V) steels developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in collaboration with Nooter Corporation and other industrial partners. The new steele had 50% higher tensile strength up to 650 degrees Celsius than currently used steels and the potential for not requiring any postweld heat treatment (PWHT) and for reducing equipment weight by 25%. This project was closely related to the Nooter project described in the report Development of a New Class of Fe-3Cr-W(V) Ferritic steels for Industrial Process Applications (ORNL/TM-2005/82). The projectmore » was carried out jointly by the University of Pittsburgh and ORNL. The University of Pittsburgh carried out fracture toughness measurements and microstructural analysis on base metal and welded plates prepared at ORNL. The project focused on three areas. The first dealt with detailed microstructural analysis of base compositions of 3Cr-3WV and 3Cr-3WBV(Ta) in both normalized (N) and normalized and tempered (NT) conditions. The second aspect of the prject dealt with determining tensile properties and fracture toughness values of K{subIC} at room temperature for both 3Cr-3Wv and 3Cr-3WV(Ta) compositions. The third focus of the project was to measure the fracture toughness values of the base metal and the heat-affectged zone (HAZ) of a plate of Fe-3Cr-W(Mo)V steel plate welded by the gas tungsten are (GTA) process. The HAZ toughness was measured in both the as-welded and the PWHT condition.« less

  8. Fire History of a Ridge and Valley Oak Forest

    Treesearch

    Thomas M. Schuler; W. Russ McClain

    2003-01-01

    The fire history of an oak stand located near Pike Knob, Pendleton County, WV is described. A 156-year fire history chronology was developed from 1846 to 2002 and fire intervals ranged from 7 to 32 years for a single forest stand. The Weibull median fire interval was 14.76 years for one or more trees scarred during a single year, and 17.11 years when at least two trees...

  9. Drying hard maple (Acer saccharum L.) lumber in a small dehumidification kiln

    Treesearch

    Neal Bennett

    2013-01-01

    Portable sawmill owners quickly recognize the advantage to kiln drying lumber they produce. Having the ability to provide properly kiln-dried lumber opens new market opportunities and can increase profit margins. However, the construction and operation of a dry kiln must be economical and simple. A small dehumidification dry kiln constructed and tested in Princeton, WV...

  10. Formation of (4R)- and (4S)-4-hydroxyochratoxin A from ochratoxin A by liver microsomes from various species.

    PubMed Central

    Størmer, F C; Hansen, C E; Pedersen, J I; Hvistendahl, G; Aasen, A J

    1981-01-01

    Two metabolic products were formed from ochratoxin A by human, pig, and rat liver microsomal fractions in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. They were isolated from the incubation mixture in the presence of pig liver microsomes by extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography Their structures are suggested to be (4R)- and (4S)-4-hydroxyochratoxin A on the basis of mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Km and the maximum velocity for the formation of the two metabolites by human, pig, and rat microsomes were determined. Their formation was inhibited by carbon monoxide and metyrapone. The results indicate that the microsomal hydroxylation system is a cytochrome P-450 and that different species are involved in the formation of the two epimeric forms of 4-hydroxyochratoxin A. PMID:7316512

  11. Plant regeneration from cell suspension-derived protoplasts of Primula malacoides and Primula obconica.

    PubMed

    Mizuhiro, M; Kenichi, Y; Ito, K; Kadowaki, S; Ohashi, H; Mii, M

    2001-05-01

    Protoplasts were isolated from cell suspension cultures of Primula malacoides cv. 'Lovely Tokyo' and P. obconica cv. 'Aalsmeer Giant White'. P. obconica protoplasts were embedded in 0.1% (w/v) gellan gum-solidified discs comprising MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/l of 2,4-D or picloram, 0.1 mg/l of zeatin, 0.2 M glucose and 0.2 M mannitol, and surrounded by a liquid medium of the same composition except for the addition of 0.1% (w/v) activated charcoal. The protoplasts formed visible colonies, which were transferred to the regeneration medium containing 30 g/l of sucrose, 0.1 mg/l of picloram and 2 mg/l of zeatin for shoot induction. P. malacoides protoplasts formed visible colonies when cultured in disc culture using 0.1% (w/v) gellan gum-solidified MS medium containing 5 mg/l of 2,4-D, 1 mg/l of NAA, 0.1 mg/l of zeatin and 0.4 M glucose. Small calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l of zeatin for shoot regeneration. The shoots of both species readily rooted on plant growth regulator-free 1/2 MS medium and successfully acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. The protoplast-derived plants showed some alterations in morphological characteristics from those of the in-vitro-germinated control plants.

  12. Perspectives on obesity and its treatment: health care providers and the general public in rural West Virginia and urban Baltimore.

    PubMed

    Menez, Steven; Cheskin, Lawrence; Geller, Gail

    2013-12-01

    To determine and compare the perspectives of the general public and health care providers (HCPs) on obesity and its treatment in rural West Virginia (WV) and Baltimore, MD. Surveys were completed in both locations by the general public (WV: n = 200; Baltimore: n = 171) and HCPs (WV: n = 25; Baltimore: n = 15). BMI (body mass index) ≥ 30 (WV: n = 94; Baltimore: n = 58) was associated with a stronger belief in the heritability of obesity and with the ability to control obesity by controlling food cost, compared with those with normal BMI (WV: n = 42; Baltimore: n = 57). Those with a high school education (WV: n = 112; Baltimore: n = 113) were less likely to agree that obesity is a problem in the community and that proper diet and exercise are realistic expectations, compared with those with at least some higher education. Perspectives of HCPs differed significantly from the general public in both locations. Many differences in perspective on obesity exist between WV and Baltimore, within both populations, and between HCPs and the general public in both settings. A better understanding of patient views is important for effective obesity management. HCPs must consider each patient's level of understanding when discussing management and consequences of obesity. More time spent with patients who have less insight into their obesity may improve patient adherence with treatment and overall patient outcomes.

  13. The effect of increasing chitosan on the characteristics of bioplastic from starch talas (Colocasia esculenta) using plasticizer sorbitol

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ginting, M. H. S.; Lubis, M.; Sidabutar, T.; Sirait, T. P.

    2018-03-01

    The aims of this research to determine the profile of starch gelatinization, bioplastic and the effect of increasing chitosan and sorbitol to the properties of tensile strength and elongation of break bioplastic. Preparation of bioplastics was used by casting method, that is 30% w/v solution of starch mixed with chitosan solution (0.5 w/v; 1 w/v; 1.5 w/v; 2 w/v; and 2.5 w/v) and plasticizer sorbitol (10 % w/w; 20 % w/w; 30 % w/w; 40 % w/w and 50 % w/w) were heated using a hotplate magnetic stirrer at 750C. The results of Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) obtained by starch and bioplastic gelatinization temperature of 72.94°C 77.72°C with peak viscosity 6632 cP and 3476 cP. Analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) obtained the change a functional group of bioplastic OH at wave number 3765 cm-1 and uneven chitosan distribution, and there is still an empty fraction. The addition of chitosan and sorbitol had an effect on tensile strength and elongation at break, tensile strength and elongation at break the highest of 8.36 MPa and 22.06% in starch composition 30%, 2.5 w/v chitosan and sorbitol 30% w/w.

  14. Immobilization of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) pectinmethylesterase in calcium alginate beads and its application in fruit juice clarification.

    PubMed

    Bogra, Pushpa; Kumar, Ashwani; Kuhar, Kalika; Panwar, Surbhi; Singh, Randhir

    2013-11-01

    Clarity of fruit juices is desirable to maintain an aesthetically pleasing quality and international standards. The most commonly used enzymes in juice industries are pectinases. A partially-purified pectinmethylesterase from tomato was entrapped in calcium alginate beads and used for juice clarification. The activity yield was maximum at 1 % (w/v) CaCl2 and 2.5 % (w/v) alginate. The immobilized enzyme retained ~55 % of its initial activity (5.7 × 10(-2) units) after more than ten successive batch reactions. The Km, pH and temperature optima were increased after immobilization. The most effective clarification of fruit juice (%T620 ~60 %) by the immobilized enzyme was at 4 °C with a holding time of 20 min. The viscosity dropped by 56 % and the filterability increased by 260 %. The juice remains clear after 2 months of storage at 4 °C.

  15. Preparation of Modified Films with Protein from Grouper Fish

    PubMed Central

    Tecante, A.; Granados-Navarrete, S.; Martínez-García, C.

    2016-01-01

    A protein concentrate (PC) was obtained from Grouper fish skin and it was used to prepare films with different amounts of sorbitol and glycerol as plasticizers. The best performing films regarding resistance were then modified with various concentrations of CaCl2, CaSO4 (calcium salts), and glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) with the purpose of improving their mechanical and barrier properties. These films were characterized by determining their mechanical properties and permeability to water vapor and oxygen. Formulations with 5% (w/v) protein and 75% sorbitol and 4% (w/v) protein with a mixture of 15% glycerol and 15% sorbitol produced adequate films. Calcium salts and GDL increased the tensile fracture stress but reduced the fracture strain and decreased water vapor permeability compared with control films. The films prepared represent an attractive alternative for being used as food packaging materials. PMID:27597950

  16. Removal of High Concentration Chromium by a Foam-separating Technique Using Casein Proteins as a Foaming Reagent

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sugimoto, Futoshi

    Foam separation of high concentration chromium in leather tanning wastewater was investigated using casein protein as a foaming reagent5mL of5w/v% ammonium acetate buffer was added to the sample chromium water. After adjusting the pH to 9.0,4g/L concentrations of casein and gelatin solution were added to recovery the coagulating flocs of chromium resulting foam separation. The sample water containing chromium flocs was incased in reactor, then mixed with distilled water and 1mL of ethanol to sum 200mL total. The foam separation was performed at time intervals of 3min with an air flow rate of 300mL/min. With casein reagent, the removal rate of chromium was not influenced by the presence of NaCl, however, the rate decreased tendency using with the use of gelatin. The proposed method, utilizing 4g/L of casein solution with water, was not influenced by the presence of calcium (<34mM), magnesium (<1mM), carbonate (<0.5mM), bicarbonate (<1.2mM) nor sulfate (<350mM) ions, and is ideal for foam separation in chromium concentrations of about 100mgCr/L.

  17. Navicula sp. Sulfated Polysaccharide Gels Induced by Fe(III): Rheology and Microstructure

    PubMed Central

    Fimbres-Olivarría, Diana; López-Elías, José Antonio; Carvajal-Millán, Elizabeth; Márquez-Escalante, Jorge Alberto; Martínez-Córdova, Luis Rafael; Miranda-Baeza, Anselmo; Enríquez-Ocaña, Fernando; Valdéz-Holguín, José Eduardo; Brown-Bojórquez, Francisco

    2016-01-01

    A sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Navicula sp. presented a yield of 4.4 (% w/w dry biomass basis). Analysis of the polysaccharide using gas chromatography showed that this polysaccharide contained glucose (29%), galactose (21%), rhamnose (10%), xylose (5%) and mannose (4%). This polysaccharide presented an average molecular weight of 107 kDa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that the lyophilized Navicula sp. polysaccharide is an amorphous solid with particles of irregular shapes and sharp angles. The polysaccharide at 1% (w/v) solution in water formed gels in the presence of 0.4% (w/v) FeCl3, showing elastic and viscous moduli of 1 and 0.7 Pa, respectively. SEM analysis performed on the lyophilized gel showed a compact pore structure, with a pore size of approximately 150 nm. Very few studies on the gelation of sulfated polysaccharides using trivalent ions exist in the literature, and, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the gelation of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Navicula sp. PMID:27483255

  18. Navicula sp. Sulfated Polysaccharide Gels Induced by Fe(III): Rheology and Microstructure.

    PubMed

    Fimbres-Olivarría, Diana; López-Elías, José Antonio; Carvajal-Millán, Elizabeth; Márquez-Escalante, Jorge Alberto; Martínez-Córdova, Luis Rafael; Miranda-Baeza, Anselmo; Enríquez-Ocaña, Fernando; Valdéz-Holguín, José Eduardo; Brown-Bojórquez, Francisco

    2016-07-30

    A sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Navicula sp. presented a yield of 4.4 (% w/w dry biomass basis). Analysis of the polysaccharide using gas chromatography showed that this polysaccharide contained glucose (29%), galactose (21%), rhamnose (10%), xylose (5%) and mannose (4%). This polysaccharide presented an average molecular weight of 107 kDa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that the lyophilized Navicula sp. polysaccharide is an amorphous solid with particles of irregular shapes and sharp angles. The polysaccharide at 1% (w/v) solution in water formed gels in the presence of 0.4% (w/v) FeCl₃, showing elastic and viscous moduli of 1 and 0.7 Pa, respectively. SEM analysis performed on the lyophilized gel showed a compact pore structure, with a pore size of approximately 150 nm. Very few studies on the gelation of sulfated polysaccharides using trivalent ions exist in the literature, and, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the gelation of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Navicula sp.

  19. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of porcine acylaminoacyl peptidase

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wright, Helena; Kiss, András L.; Szeltner, Zoltán

    2005-10-01

    Acylaminoacyl peptidase from porcine liver has been crystallized. Data were collected to 3.4 Å from native crystals and a search for heavy-atom derivatives is in progress. Acylaminoacyl peptidase (also known as acylamino-acid-releasing enzyme or acylpeptide hydrolase; EC 3.4.19.1) is an unusual member of the prolyl oligopeptidase family catalysing the hydrolysis of an N-acylated peptide to an acylamino acid and a peptide with a free N-terminus. Acylaminoacyl peptidase purified from porcine liver has been crystallized in mother liquor containing 0.1 M Tris–HCl pH 7.0, 10%(w/v) polyethylene glycol 8000, 50 mM MgCl{sub 2} and 1%(w/v) CHAPS using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique. Amore » full data set to 3.4 Å resolution was collected at ESRF beamline ID14-4 and space group C222 was assigned, with unit-cell parameters a = 84.8, b = 421.1, c = 212.0 Å and four molecules in the asymmetric unit.« less

  20. Changes in vacuolation in the root apex cells of soybean seedlings in microgravity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Klymchuk, D. O.; Kordyum, E. L.; Vorobyova, T. V.; Chapman, D. K.; Brown, C. S.

    2003-01-01

    Changes in the vacuolation in root apex cells of soybean (Glycine max L. [Merr.]) seedlings grown in microgravity were investigated. Spaceflight and ground control seedlings were grown in the absence or presence of KMnO4 (to remove ethylene) for 6 days. After landing, in order to study of cell ultrastructure and subcellular free calcium ion distribution, seedling root apices were fixed in 2.5% (w/v) glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer and 2% (w/v) glutaraldehyde, 2.5% (w/v) formaldehyde, 2% (w/v) potassium antimonate K[Sb(OH)6] in 0.1 M K2HPO4 buffer with an osmolarity (calculated theoretically) of 0.45 and 1.26 osmol. The concentrations of ethylene in all spaceflight canisters were significantly higher than in the ground control canisters. Seedling growth was reduced in the spaceflight-exposed plants. Additionally, the spaceflight-exposed plants exhibited progressive vacuolation in the root apex cells, particularly in the columella cells, to a greater degree than the ground controls. Plasmolysis was observed in columella cells of spaceflight roots fixed in solutions with relatively high osmolarity (1.26 osmol). The appearance of plasmolysis permitted the evaluation of the water status of cells. The water potential of the spaceflight cells was higher than the surrounding fixative solution. A decrease in osmotic potential and/or an increase in turgor potential may have induced increases in cell water potential. However, the plasmolysed (i.e. non-turgid) cells implied that increases in water potential were accompanied with a decrease in osmotic potential. In such cells changes in vacuolation may have been involved to maintain turgor pressure or may have been a result of intensification of other vacuolar functions like digestion and storage. c2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Biocatalytic and chemical leaching of a low-grade nickel laterite ore

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ciftci, Hasan; Atik, Suleyman; Gurbuz, Fatma

    2018-04-01

    Nickel and cobalt recovery from a low-grade nickel laterite ore, supplied from Çaldağ deposit (Manisa, Turkey) were investigated by bio and chemical leaching processes. The fungus, Aspergillus niger was used for biocatalytic leaching experiments. The effects of parameters (solid ratio and sucrose concentration) on the biocatalytic leaching of the ore were initially tested in flasks to obtain the optimum conditions for the A. niger. Then chemical leaching was applied as a comparison to bioleaching, using organic acids (citric, oxalic, acetic and gluconic acids) as well as a mixture of acids. According the results, the maximum dissolution yield of nickel, cobalt and iron were detected respectively as 95.3%, 74.3% and 50.0% by biocatalytic processes which containing 25% (w/v) sucrose and 1% (w/v) solids. The increase in the solid ratio adversely influenced the biocatalytic activity of A. niger. Finally, further tests in reactors (v = 1 and 10 L) were performed using the optimum conditions from the flask tests. The difference in metals recovery between biocatalytic and chemical leaching was significantly important. Bioleaching produced higher Ni and Co extractions (34.3-75.6%) than chemical process.

  2. Effect of acid tolerance response (ATR) on attachment of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A to stainless steel under extended exposure to acid or/and salt stress and resistance of sessile cells to subsequent strong acid challenge.

    PubMed

    Chorianopoulos, Nikos; Giaouris, Efstathios; Grigoraki, Ioanna; Skandamis, Panagiotis; Nychas, George-John

    2011-02-28

    The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of adaptive stationary phase acid tolerance response (ATR) of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A cells on their attachment to stainless steel (SS) under low pH or/and high salt conditions and on the subsequent resistance of sessile cells to strong acid challenge. Nonadapted or acid-adapted stationary-phase L. monocytogenes cells were used to inoculate (ca. 10⁸ CFU/ml) Brain Heart (BH) broth (pH 7.4, 0.5% w/v NaCl) in test tubes containing vertically placed SS coupons (used as abiotic substrates for bacterial attachment). Incubation was carried out at 16 °C for up to 15 days, without any nutrient refreshment. L. monocytogenes cells, prepared as described above, were also exposed to low pH (4.5; adjusted with HCl) or/and high salt (5.5% w/v NaCl) stresses, during attachment. On the 5th, 10th and 15th day of incubation, cells attached to SS coupons were detached (through bead vortexing) and enumerated (by agar plating). Results revealed that ATR significantly (p<0.05) affected bacterial attachment, when the latter took place under moderate acidic conditions (pH 4.5, 0.5 or 5.5% w/v NaCl), with the acid-adapted cells adhering slightly more than the nonadapted ones. Regardless of acidity/salinity conditions during attachment, ATR also enhanced the resistance of sessile cells to subsequent lethal acid challenge (exposure to pH 2 for 6 min; pH adjusted with either hydrochloric or lactic acid). The trend observed with viable count data agreed well with conductance measurements, used to indirectly quantify remaining attached bacteria (following the strong acid challenge) via their metabolic activity. To sum, this study demonstrates that acid adaptation of L. monocytogenes cells during their planktonic growth enhances their subsequent attachment to SS under extended exposure (at 16 °C for up to 15 days) to mild acidic conditions (pH 4.5), while it also improves the resistance of sessile cells to extreme acid

  3. 78 FR 55770 - West Virginia Disaster #WV-00032

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-11

    ... Administrative declaration of a disaster for the State of West Virginia dated 08/29/2013. Incident: Severe Storms and Heavy Rain. Incident Period: 06/12/2013 through 06/19/2013. Effective Date: 08/29/2013. Physical...

  4. The effect of bioleaching on sewage sludge pyrolysis.

    PubMed

    Chen, Zhihua; Hu, Mian; Cui, Baihui; Liu, Shiming; Guo, Dabin; Xiao, Bo

    2016-02-01

    The effects of bioleaching on sewage sludge pyrolysis were studied. Sewage sludge was treated by bioleaching with solid concentrations of 6% (w/v), 8% (w/v), 10% (w/v). Results showed that bioleaching treatment could modify the physicochemical properties of sewage sludge and enhance the metals removal. The optimum removal efficiencies of heavy metals were achieved with solid concentration of 6% (w/v) bioleaching treatment: Cu, 73.08%; Zn, 78.67%; Pb, 24.65%; Cd, 79.46%. The characterization results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the bioleached sewage sludge with a 6% (w/v) solid concentration treatment was the easiest to decompose. Pyrolytic experiments of bioleached sewage sludge were performed in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor. Results indicated that bioleaching treatment greatly influenced the product yields and gas composition. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Interaction effects of lactic acid and acetic acid at different temperatures on ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in corn mash.

    PubMed

    Graves, Tara; Narendranath, Neelakantam V; Dawson, Karl; Power, Ronan

    2007-01-01

    The combined effects of lactic acid and acetic acid on ethanol production by S. cerevisiae in corn mash, as influenced by temperature, were examined. Duplicate full factorial experiments (three lactic acid concentrations x three acetic acid concentrations) were performed to evaluate the interaction between lactic and acetic acids on the ethanol production of yeast at each of the three temperatures, 30, 34, and 37 degrees C. Corn mash at 30% dry solids adjusted to pH 4 after lactic and acetic acid addition was used as the substrate. Ethanol production rates and final ethanol concentrations decreased (P<0.001) progressively as the concentration of combined lactic and acetic acids in the corn mash increased and the temperature was raised from 30 to 37 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, essentially no ethanol was produced after 96 h when 0.5% w/v acetic acid was present in the mash (with 0.5, 2, and 4% w/v lactic acid). At 34 and 37 degrees C, the final concentrations of ethanol produced by the yeast were noticeably reduced by the presence of 0.3% w/v acetic acid and >or=2% w/v lactic acid. It can be concluded that, as in previous studies with defined media, lactic acid and acetic acid act synergistically to reduce ethanol production by yeast in corn mash. In addition, the inhibitory effects of combined lactic and acetic acid in corn mash were more apparent at elevated temperatures.

  6. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni as a natural antioxidant/antimicrobial for high pressure processed fruit extract: processing parameter optimization.

    PubMed

    Barba, Francisco José; Criado, María Nieves; Belda-Galbis, Clara Miracle; Esteve, María José; Rodrigo, Dolores

    2014-04-01

    Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the optimal high pressure processing treatment (300-500 MPa, 5-15 min) combined with Stevia rebaudiana (Stevia) addition (0-2.5% (w/v)) to guarantee food safety while maintaining maximum retention of nutritional properties. A fruit extract matrix was selected and Listeria monocytogenes inactivation was followed from the food safety point of view while polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (TEAC and ORAC) were studied from the food quality point of view. A combination of treatments achieved higher levels of inactivation of L. monocytogenes and of the oxidative enzymes, succeeding in completely inactivating POD and also increasing the levels of TPC, TEAC and ORAC. A treatment of 453 MPa for 5 min with a 2.5% (w/v) of Stevia succeeded in inactivating over 5 log cycles of L. monocytogenes and maximizing inactivation of PPO and POD, with the greatest retention of bioactive components. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Identification of A Butyrophenone Analog as a Potential Atypical Antipsychotic Agent: 4-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one

    PubMed Central

    Ablordeppey, Seth Y.; Altundas, Ramazan; Bricker, Barbara; Zhu, Xue Y.; Eyunni, Suresh E. V. K.; Jackson, Tanise; Khan, Abdul; Roth, Bryan L.

    2009-01-01

    The synthesis and exploration of novel butyrophenones have led to the identification of a diazepane analog of haloperidol, 4-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one (Compound 13) with an interesting multireceptor binding profile. Compound 13 was evaluated for its binding affinities at DA subtype receptors, 5HT subtype receptors, H-1, M-1 receptors and at NET, DAT and SERT transporters. At each of these receptors, compound 13 was equipotent or better than several of the standards currently in use. In in vivo mouse and rat models to evaluate its efficacy and propensity to elicit catalepsy and hence EPS in humans, compound 13 showed similar efficacy as clozapine and did not produce catalepsy at five times its ED50 value. PMID:18595716

  8. 76 FR 21387 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-15

    ... GSA Number: 4-G-WV-0557 Comments: 57,600 sq. ft; future owners must maintain exposure prevention... Number: 9-N-CA-1508-AI Comments: Correction: 631.62 sq. ft., encroachment. Parcel F-4 Right of Way Seal...

  9. Optimization of a protective medium for freeze-dried Pichia membranifaciens and application of this biocontrol agent on citrus fruit.

    PubMed

    Niu, X; Deng, L; Zhou, Y; Wang, W; Yao, S; Zeng, K

    2016-07-01

    To optimize a protective medium for freeze-dried Pichia membranifaciens and to evaluate biocontrol efficacies of agents against blue and green mould and anthracnose in citrus fruit. Based on the screening assays of saccharides and antioxidants, response surface methodology was used to optimize sucrose, sodium glutamate and skim milk to improve viability of freeze-dried Pi. membranifaciens. Biocontrol assays were conducted between fresh and freeze-dried Pi. membranifaciens against Penicillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in citrus fruit. Solving the regression equation indicated that the optimal protective medium was 6·06% (w/v) sucrose combined with 3·40% (w/v) sodium glutamate and 5·43% (w/v) skim milk. Pi. membranifaciens freeze-dried in the optimal protective medium showed 76·80% viability, and retained biocontrol efficacy against Pe. italicum, Pe. digitatum and Co. gloeosporioides in citrus fruit. The optimal protective medium showed more effective protective properties than each of the three protectants used alone. The viability of freeze-dried Pi. membranifaciens finally reached 76·80%. Meanwhile, the biocontrol efficacies showed no significant difference between fresh and freeze-dried yeast against Pe. italicum, Pe. digitatum and Co. gloeosporioides in citrus fruit. The results showed the potential value of Pi. membranifaciens CICC 32259 for commercialization. © 2016 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

  10. Effect of naphtha diluent on greenhouse gases and reduced sulfur compounds emissions from oil sands tailings.

    PubMed

    Gee, Kathleen F; Poon, Ho Yin; Hashisho, Zaher; Ulrich, Ania C

    2017-11-15

    The long-term storage of oil sands tailings has resulted in the evolution of greenhouse gases (CH 4 and CO 2 ) as a result of residual organics biodegradation. Recent studies have identified black, sulfidic zones below the tailings-water interface, which may be producing toxic sulfur-containing gases. An anaerobic mesocosm study was conducted over an 11-week period to characterize the evolution of CH 4 , CO 2 and reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) (including H 2 S) in tailings as it relates to naphtha-containing diluent concentrations (0.2, 0.8, and 1.5% w/v) and microbial activity. Our results showed that RSCs were produced first at 0.12μmol°RSCs/mL MFT (1.5% w/v diluent treatment). RSCs contribution (from highest to lowest) was H 2 S and 2-methylthiophene>2.5-dimethylthiophene>3-methylthiophene>thiofuran>butyl mercaptan>carbonyl sulfide, where H 2 S and 2-methylthiophene contributed 81% of the gas produced. CH 4 and CO 2 production occurred after week 5 at 40.7μmolCH 4 /mL MFT and 5.9μmolCO 2 /mL MFT (1.5% w/v diluent treatment). The amount of H 2 S and CH 4 generated is correlated to the amount of diluent present and to microbial activity as shown by corresponding increases in sulfate-reducers' Dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DsrAB) gene and methanogens' methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) gene. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. Platinum and rhenium extraction from a spent refinery catalyst using Bacillus megaterium as a cyanogenic bacterium: statistical modeling and process optimization.

    PubMed

    Motaghed, M; Mousavi, S M; Rastegar, S O; Shojaosadati, S A

    2014-11-01

    The present study evaluated the potential of Bacillus megaterium as a cyanogenic bacterium to produce cyanide for solubilization of platinum and rhenium from a spent refinery catalyst. Response surface methodology was applied to study the effects and interaction between two main effective parameters including initial glycine concentration and pulp density. Maximum Pt and Re recovery was obtained 15.7% and 98%, respectively, under optimum conditions of 12.8 g/l initial glycine concentration and 4% (w/v) pulp density after 7 days. Increasing the free cyanide concentration to 3.6 mg/l, varying the pH from 6.7 to 9, and increasing the dissolved oxygen from 2 to 5mg/l demonstrated the growth characteristics of B. megaterium during bioleaching process. The modified shrinking core model was used to determine the rate limiting step of the process. It was found that diffusion through the product layer is the rate controlling step. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Leukotriene C4 production by murine mast cells: evidence of a role for extracellular leukotriene A4.

    PubMed Central

    Dahinden, C A; Clancy, R M; Gross, M; Chiller, J M; Hugli, T E

    1985-01-01

    The glutathione-containing leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is a major mediator of smooth muscle contraction and is released by mast cells when antigen interacts with cell-bound IgE. Antigen-stimulated mast cells undergo phospholipase activation. We report a pathway of LTC4 production by mast cells that does not require phospholipase activation but depends on the interaction of activated neutrophils with unstimulated mast cells, using as an intermediate extracellular leukotriene A4 (LTA4). The epoxide LTA4 is released by neutrophils and, together with leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, constitutes the major lipoxygenase metabolites found in supernatants of stimulated neutrophils. Five minutes after activation of neutrophils by calcium ionophore A23187 we measured 136 pmol of extracellular LTA4 per 10(7) neutrophils (range 40-300, n = 7) by trapping the epoxide with alcohols. Therefore, we conclude that LTA4 is not just an intracellular leukotriene precursor but is released as a lipoxygenase metabolite. LTA4 is known to be stabilized by albumin and is efficiently converted by mast cells into LTC4 even at low LTA4 concentrations. The LTA4 complexed to albumin is converted into LTC4 rapidly and completely within 10-15 min. More than 50% of the LTA4 presented to mast cells is metabolized to LTC4 at concentrations of LTA4 between 0.2 and 2 nmol of LTA4 per 10(7) mast cells. This observation establishes a potential physiologic role for extracellular LTA4. Therefore, interactions between various cell types that release or utilize LTA4 may provide an important metabolic pathway for the production of leukotrienes. PMID:2995976

  13. 10 CFR Appendix A to Subpart A of... - Metropolitan Statistical Areas/Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas With 1980 Populations...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... MSA GA-AL Corpus Christi MSA TX Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA TX Davenport-Moline-Rock Island MSA IA-IL... Huntington-Ashland MSA WV-KY-OH Indianapolis MSA IN Jackson MSA MS Jacksonville MSA FL Johnson City-Kingsport... MSA LA New York-N. New Jersey-Long Island CMSA NY-NJ-CT-PA Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA VA...

  14. 10 CFR Appendix A to Subpart A of... - Metropolitan Statistical Areas/Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas With 1980 Populations...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... MSA GA-AL Corpus Christi MSA TX Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA TX Davenport-Moline-Rock Island MSA IA-IL... Huntington-Ashland MSA WV-KY-OH Indianapolis MSA IN Jackson MSA MS Jacksonville MSA FL Johnson City-Kingsport... MSA LA New York-N. New Jersey-Long Island CMSA NY-NJ-CT-PA Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA VA...

  15. 10 CFR Appendix A to Subpart A of... - Metropolitan Statistical Areas/Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas With 1980 Populations...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... MSA GA-AL Corpus Christi MSA TX Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA TX Davenport-Moline-Rock Island MSA IA-IL... Huntington-Ashland MSA WV-KY-OH Indianapolis MSA IN Jackson MSA MS Jacksonville MSA FL Johnson City-Kingsport... MSA LA New York-N. New Jersey-Long Island CMSA NY-NJ-CT-PA Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA VA...

  16. 10 CFR Appendix A to Subpart A of... - Metropolitan Statistical Areas/Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas With 1980 Populations...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... MSA GA-AL Corpus Christi MSA TX Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA TX Davenport-Moline-Rock Island MSA IA-IL... Huntington-Ashland MSA WV-KY-OH Indianapolis MSA IN Jackson MSA MS Jacksonville MSA FL Johnson City-Kingsport... MSA LA New York-N. New Jersey-Long Island CMSA NY-NJ-CT-PA Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA VA...

  17. Poly[[tetra-μ-cyanido-κ8 C:N-dodeca-cyanido-κ12 C-tris­(N,N-di­methyl­formamide-κO)tris­(methanol-κO)tris­(3,4,7,8-tetra­methyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)trimanganese(II)ditungstate(V)] dihydrate

    PubMed Central

    Yang, Fei-Lin; Yang, Dan

    2014-01-01

    The asymmetric unit of the title compound, {[Mn3{W(CN)8}2(C16H16N2)3(C3H7NO)3(CH3OH)3]·2H2O}n, consists of three [Mn(N,N-di­methyl­formamide)(methanol)(3,4,7,8-tetra­methyl-1,10-phenanthroline)]2+ cations, two [W(CN)8]3− anions and two water mol­ecules. Each water mol­ecule is disordered over three sets of sites, with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.310 (9):0.275 (9):0.415 (9) for one mol­ecule and 0.335 (9):0.288 (9):0.377 (9) for the other mol­ecule. The MnII atoms exhibit a distorted octa­hedral geometry, while the WV atoms adopt a distorted square-anti­prismatic geometry. The MnII and WV atoms are linked alternatively through cyanide groups, forming a tetra­nuclear 12-atom rhombic metallacycle. Adjacent metallacycles are further connected by μ2-bridging cyanide anions, generating a 3,2-chain structure running parallel to [101]. Inter­chain π–π inter­actions are observed [centroid–centroid distances = 3.763 (3) and 3.620 (2) Å]. PMID:24860305

  18. A Mathematical Model Supports a Key Role for Ae4 (Slc4a9) in Salivary Gland Secretion.

    PubMed

    Vera-Sigüenza, Elías; Catalán, Marcelo A; Peña-Münzenmayer, Gaspar; Melvin, James E; Sneyd, James

    2018-02-01

    We develop a mathematical model of a salivary gland acinar cell with the objective of investigating the role of two [Formula: see text] exchangers from the solute carrier family 4 (Slc4), Ae2 (Slc4a2) and Ae4 (Slc4a9), in fluid secretion. Water transport in this type of cell is predominantly driven by [Formula: see text] movement. Here, a basolateral [Formula: see text] adenosine triphosphatase pump (NaK-ATPase) and a [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] cotransporter (Nkcc1) are primarily responsible for concentrating the intracellular space with [Formula: see text] well above its equilibrium potential. Gustatory and olfactory stimuli induce the release of [Formula: see text] ions from the internal stores of acinar cells, which triggers saliva secretion. [Formula: see text]-dependent [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] channels promote ion secretion into the luminal space, thus creating an osmotic gradient that promotes water movement in the secretory direction. The current model for saliva secretion proposes that [Formula: see text] anion exchangers (Ae), coupled with a basolateral [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) (Nhe1) antiporter, regulate intracellular pH and act as a secondary [Formula: see text] uptake mechanism (Nauntofte in Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 263(6):G823-G837, 1992; Melvin et al. in Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-469, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745 ). Recent studies demonstrated that Ae4 deficient mice exhibit an approximate [Formula: see text] decrease in gland salivation (Peña-Münzenmayer et al. in J Biol Chem 290(17):10677-10688, 2015). Surprisingly, the same study revealed that absence of Ae2 does not impair salivation, as previously suggested. These results seem to indicate that the Ae4 may be responsible for the majority of the secondary [Formula: see text] uptake and thus a key mechanism for saliva secretion. Here, by using 'in-silico' Ae2 and Ae4 knockout

  19. Evaluating reclamation success: the ecological consideration-proceedings of a symposium; 1990 April 23-26; Charleston, WV.

    Treesearch

    Jeanne C. Chambers; Gary L. Wade; [Editors

    1992-01-01

    Includes 10 papers from a symposium organized to review what is know about the ecological principles that will govern the ultimate success or failure of all reclamation efforts on drastically disturbed lands. The papers cover four general areas: soil biological properties and nutrient cycling; vegetation dynamics; animal recolinization; and landscape-scale processes...

  20. Prevalence and Geographic Variations of Polypharmacy Among West Virginia Medicaid Beneficiaries.

    PubMed

    Feng, Xue; Tan, Xi; Riley, Brittany; Zheng, Tianyu; Bias, Thomas K; Becker, James B; Sambamoorthi, Usha

    2017-11-01

    West Virginia (WV) residents are at high risk for polypharmacy given its considerable chronic disease burdens. To evaluate the prevalence, correlates, outcomes, and geographic variations of polypharmacy among WV Medicaid beneficiaries. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 2009-2010 WV Medicaid fee-for-service (FFS) claims data for adults aged 18-64 (N=37,570). We defined polypharmacy as simultaneous use of drugs from five or more different drug classes on a daily basis for at least 60 consecutive days in one year. Multilevel logistic regression was used to explore the individual- and county-level factors associated with polypharmacy. Its relationship with healthcare utilization was assessed using negative binomial regression and logistic regression. The univariate local indicators of spatial association method was applied to explore spatial patterns of polypharmacy in WV. The prevalence of polypharmacy among WV Medicaid beneficiaries was 44.6%. High-high clusters of polypharmacy were identified in southern WV, indicating counties with above-average prevalence surrounded by counties with above-average prevalence. Polypharmacy was associated with being older, female, eligible for Medicaid due to cash assistance or medical eligibility, having any chronic conditions or more chronic conditions, and living in a county with lower levels of education. Polypharmacy was associated with more hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits, as well as higher non-drug medical expenditures. Polypharmacy was prevalent among WV Medicaid beneficiaries and was associated with substantial healthcare utilization and expenditures. The clustering of high prevalence of polypharmacy in southern WV may suggest targeted strategies to reduce polypharmacy burden in these areas.

  1. 22 CFR 9a.4 - Classification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Classification. 9a.4 Section 9a.4 Foreign... ENERGY PROGRAMS; RELATED MATERIAL § 9a.4 Classification. (a) Section 1 of E.O. 11932, August 4, 1976.... If the officer determines that the information or material warrants classification, he shall assign...

  2. 22 CFR 9a.4 - Classification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Classification. 9a.4 Section 9a.4 Foreign... ENERGY PROGRAMS; RELATED MATERIAL § 9a.4 Classification. (a) Section 1 of E.O. 11932, August 4, 1976.... If the officer determines that the information or material warrants classification, he shall assign...

  3. 22 CFR 9a.4 - Classification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Classification. 9a.4 Section 9a.4 Foreign... ENERGY PROGRAMS; RELATED MATERIAL § 9a.4 Classification. (a) Section 1 of E.O. 11932, August 4, 1976.... If the officer determines that the information or material warrants classification, he shall assign...

  4. 22 CFR 9a.4 - Classification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Classification. 9a.4 Section 9a.4 Foreign... ENERGY PROGRAMS; RELATED MATERIAL § 9a.4 Classification. (a) Section 1 of E.O. 11932, August 4, 1976.... If the officer determines that the information or material warrants classification, he shall assign...

  5. 22 CFR 9a.4 - Classification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Classification. 9a.4 Section 9a.4 Foreign... ENERGY PROGRAMS; RELATED MATERIAL § 9a.4 Classification. (a) Section 1 of E.O. 11932, August 4, 1976.... If the officer determines that the information or material warrants classification, he shall assign...

  6. 78 FR 29615 - Establishment of Area Navigation (RNAV) Routes; Washington, DC

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-21

    ...). Q-72 extends between the HACKS, WV, intersection and the RAMAY, VA, WP. It provides an alternate route for jet route J-149 via a direct routing to the HACKS intersection, thus reducing miles flown for...]12'20'' W.) Q72 HACKS, WV to RAMAY, VA [New] HACKS, WV FIX (Lat. 39[deg]07'46'' N., long. 081[deg]05...

  7. The Fernow Experimental Forest and Canaan Valley: A history of research

    Treesearch

    Mary Beth Adams; James N. Kochenderfer

    2015-01-01

    The Fernow Experimental Forest (herein called the Fernow) in Tucker County, WV, was set aside in 1934 for “experimental and demonstration purposes under the direction of the Appalachian Forest Experiment Station” of the US Forest Service. Named after a famous German forester, Bernhard Fernow, the Fernow was initially developed with considerable assistance from the...

  8. 22. CLOSEUP VIEW OF A CANAL SPILLWAY LOCATED NORTHWEST OF ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    22. CLOSE-UP VIEW OF A CANAL SPILLWAY LOCATED NORTHWEST OF THE POWER PLANT. THE BRICK ARCH IN THE FOREGROUND IS A POSSIBLE REMNANT OF THE RAILROAD THAT USED TO BE LOCATED ON THE NORTHEAST SIDE OF THE FOUNDATIONS THAT THE POWER PLANT SITS UPON. - Potomac Power Plant, On West Virginia Shore of Potomac River, about 1 mile upriver from confluence with Shenandoah River, Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, WV

  9. Tenacibaculum aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment in Korea.

    PubMed

    Jung, Seo-Youn; Oh, Tae-Kwang; Yoon, Jung-Hoon

    2006-07-01

    A novel Tenacibaculum-like bacterial strain, SMK-4(T), was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in Korea. Strain SMK-4(T) was Gram-negative, pale yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped. It grew optimally at 30-37 degrees C and in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. It contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) 3-OH and C(16 : 1)omega7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH as the major fatty acids (>10 % of total fatty acids). The DNA G+C content was 33.6 mol%. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SMK-4(T) fell within the evolutionary radiation encompassed by the genus Tenacibaculum. Strain SMK-4(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 95.2-98.6 % with respect to the type strains of recognized Tenacibaculum species. DNA-DNA relatedness levels and differential phenotypic properties made it possible to categorize strain SMK-4(T) as a species that is separate from previously described Tenacibaculum species. On the basis of phenotypic properties and phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, strain SMK-4(T) (=KCTC 12569(T)=JCM 13491(T)) should be classified as a novel Tenacibaculum species, for which the name Tenacibaculum aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed.

  10. COOLING DEVICE FOR USE WITH A SONIC OSCILLATOR.

    PubMed

    ROSETT, T

    1965-03-01

    A cooling cell is described that facilitates maintenance of biological materials at low temperatures during prolonged sonic treatment. Using this cell and a Branson S-75 Sonifier, I examined temperatures and the release of protein and enzyme activity from suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. With the Sonifier at full power, it was possible to maintain cell temperature within 9 C of the cooling-bath temperature, and to disrupt 10% (w/v) suspensions of S. cerevisiae in 10 min.

  11. Salinispirillum marinum gen. nov., sp. nov., a haloalkaliphilic bacterium in the family 'Saccharospirillaceae'.

    PubMed

    Shahinpei, Azadeh; Amoozegar, Mohammad Ali; Fazeli, Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh; Schumann, Peter; Ventosa, Antonio

    2014-11-01

    A novel Gram-staining-negative, motile, non-pigmented, facultatively anaerobic, spirillum-shaped, halophilic and alkaliphilic bacterium, designated strain GCWy1(T), was isolated from water of the coastal-marine wetland Gomishan in Iran. The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 1-10% (w/v) and optimal growth was achieved at 3% (w/v). The optimum pH and temperature for growth were pH 8.5 and 30 °C, while the strain was able to grow at pH 7.5-10 and 4-40 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate within the class Gammaproteobacteria as a separate deep branch, with 92.1% or lower sequence similarity to representatives of the genera Saccharospirillum and Reinekea and less than 91.0% sequence similarity with other remotely related genera. The major cellular fatty acids of the isolate were C(18 : 1)ω7c, C(16:0) and C(17 : 0), and the major components of its polar lipid profile were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The cells of strain GCWy1(T) contained the isoprenoid quinones Q-9 and Q-8 (81% and 2%, respectively). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of this strain was 52.3 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis in combination with chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain GCWy1(T) represents a novel species in a new genus in the family 'Saccharospirillaceae', order Oceanospirillales, for which the name Salinispirillum marinum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is GCWy1(T) ( = IBRC-M 10765(T) =CECT 8342(T)). © 2014 IUMS.

  12. Topical Hazard Evaluation Program of Candidate Insect Repellent A13-38349a US Department of Agriculture Proprietary Chemicals, July 1981-January 1983.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-08-16

    reaction (w/v) Oil of Bergamot irritation reaction under test (positive control) in 95% under test conditions and is ethyl alcohol was conditions, not...the rabbits, 0.05 mL cation and irradiation of the test chemical, caused greater irritant positive control (oil of effects than in un- Bergamot ) and

  13. Evaluation of microbeads of calcium alginate as a fluidized bed medium for affinity chromatography of Aspergillus niger Pectinase.

    PubMed

    Roy, Ipsita; Jain, Sulakshana; Teotia, Sunita; Gupta, Munishwar Nath

    2004-01-01

    Calcium alginate microbeads (212-425 microm) were prepared by spraying 2% (w/v) alginate solution into 1 M CaCl2 solution. The fluidization behavior of these beads was studied, and the bed expansion index and terminal velocity were found to be 4.3 and 1808 cm h(-1), respectively. Residence time distribution curves showed that the dispersion of the protein was much less with these microbeads than with conventionally prepared calcium alginate macrobeads when both kinds of beads were used for chromatography in a fluidized bed format. The fluidized bed of these beads was used for the purification of pectinase from a commercial preparation. The media performed well even with diluted feedstock; 90% activity recovery with 211-fold purification was observed.

  14. Tindallia californiensis sp. nov., a new anaerobic, haloalkaliphilic, spore-forming acetogen isolated from Mono Lake in California

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pikuta, E. V.; Hoover, R. B.; Bej, A. K.; Marsic, D.; Detkova, E. N.; Whitman, W. B.; Krader, P.

    2003-01-01

    A novel extremely haloalkaliphilic, strictly anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium strain APO was isolated from sediments of the athalassic, meromictic, alkaline Mono Lake in California. The Gram-positive, spore-forming, slightly curved rods with sizes 0.55- 0.7x1.7-3.0 microns were motile by a single laterally attached flagellum. Strain APO was mesophilic (range 10-48 C, optimum of 37 C); halophilic (NaCl range 1-20% (w/v) with optimum of 3-5% (w/v), and alkaliphilic (pH range 8.0-10.5, optimum 9.5). The novel isolate required sodium ions in the medium. Strain APO was an organotroph with a fermentative type of metabolism and used the substrates peptone, bacto-tryptone, casamino acid, yeast extract, L-serine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-arginine, and pyruvate. The new isolate performed the Stickland reaction with the following amino acid pairs: proline + alanine, glycine + alanine, and tryptophan + valine. The main end product of growth was acetate. High activity of CO dehydrogenase and hydrogenase indicated the presence of a homoacetogenic, non-cycling acetyl-coA pathway. Strain APO was resistant to kanamycin but sensitive to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and gentamycin. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.4 mol% (by HPLC method). The sequence of the 16s rRNA gene of strain APO possessed 98.2% similarity with the sequence from Tindullia magadiensis Z-7934, but the DNA-DNA hybridization value between these organisms was only 55%. On the basis of these physiological and molecular properties, strain APO is proposed to be a novel species of the genus Tindallia with the name Tindallia californiensis sp. nov., (type strain APO = ATCC BAA-393 - DSM 14871).

  15. 3. Photo copy of photograph, (original in Forest Service Office, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    3. Photo copy of photograph, (original in Forest Service Office, Elkins, WV, photo #292222), photographer unknown, ca. 1935. VIEW EAST, CCC CAMP PARSONS, FOREST SERVICE TRUCK STORAGE ON LEFT, WATER TANK (DEMOLISHED), MESS HALL (DEMOLISHED). (see also historic photograph WV-237-20, WV-237-35) - Parsons Nursery, Civilian Conservation Corps Garage, South side of U.S. Route 219, Parsons, Tucker County, WV

  16. Enhancement of n-butanol production by in situ butanol removal using permeating-heating-gas stripping in acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation.

    PubMed

    Chen, Yong; Ren, Hengfei; Liu, Dong; Zhao, Ting; Shi, Xinchi; Cheng, Hao; Zhao, Nan; Li, Zhenjian; Li, Bingbing; Niu, Huanqing; Zhuang, Wei; Xie, Jingjing; Chen, Xiaochun; Wu, Jinglan; Ying, Hanjie

    2014-07-01

    Butanol recovery from acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fed-batch fermentation using permeating-heating-gas was determined in this study. Fermentation was performed with Clostridium acetobutylicum B3 in a fibrous bed bioreactor and permeating-heating-gas stripping was used to eliminate substrate and product inhibition, which normally restrict ABE production and sugar utilization to below 20 g/L and 60 g/L, respectively. In batch fermentation (without permeating-heating-gas stripping), C. acetobutylicum B3 utilized 60 g/L glucose and produced 19.9 g/L ABE and 12 g/L butanol, while in the integrated process 290 g/L glucose was utilized and 106.27 g/L ABE and 66.09 g/L butanol were produced. The intermittent gas stripping process generated a highly concentrated condensate containing approximately 15% (w/v) butanol, 4% (w/v) acetone, a small amount of ethanol (<1%), and almost no acids, resulting in a highly concentrated butanol solution [∼ 70% (w/v)] after phase separation. Butanol removal by permeating-heating-gas stripping has potential for commercial ABE production. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  17. Preparation and characterization of maleoylagarose/PNIPAAm graft copolymers and formation of polyelectrolyte complexes with chitosan.

    PubMed

    Ortiz, J Andrés; Matsuhiro, Betty; Zapata, Paula A; Corrales, Teresa; Catalina, Fernando

    2018-02-15

    A water soluble derivative in 98% yield with 23.1% incorporation of maleoyl groups was obtained by esterification of agarose with maleic anhydride. Graft copolymers were synthesized through vinyl groups of maleoylagarose with N-isopropylacrylamide using ceric ammonium nitrate or ammonium persulfate as initiator, by conventional method or microwave irradiation. High nitrogen content (4.6%) was obtained in the grafting process using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator without microwave irradiation. Copolymers were characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopies, TGA, DSC and morphological analysis by AFM and SEM microscopy, confirming the grafting of PNIPAAm onto polysaccharide backbone. Hydrogel films were obtained by ionic complexation between opposite charged groups of maleoylagarose-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and chitosan. The swelling of 1:1w/v maleoylagarose-g-PNIPAAm:chitosan film was higher than 2:1w/v film at 25 and 37°C. 53% release in vitro of diclofenac sodium from 1:1w/v maleoylagarose-g-PNIPAAm:chitosan was obtained at 37°C and pH 6.0 with <0.5 diffusional constant values. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. 30 CFR 23.3 - Application procedures and requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... and Health Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia, WV... that are critical to the safety of the product; and (4) All documentation, including drawings and...

  19. 30 CFR 23.3 - Application procedures and requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... and Health Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia, WV... that are critical to the safety of the product; and (4) All documentation, including drawings and...

  20. 30 CFR 23.3 - Application procedures and requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... and Health Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia, WV... that are critical to the safety of the product; and (4) All documentation, including drawings and...

  1. 30 CFR 23.3 - Application procedures and requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... and Health Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia, WV... that are critical to the safety of the product; and (4) All documentation, including drawings and...

  2. 30 CFR 23.3 - Application procedures and requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... and Health Administration, Approval and Certification Center, 765 Technology Drive, Triadelphia, WV... that are critical to the safety of the product; and (4) All documentation, including drawings and...

  3. Simultaneous saccharification and viscosity reduction of cassava pulp using a multi-component starch- and cell-wall degrading enzyme for bioethanol production.

    PubMed

    Poonsrisawat, Aphisit; Paemanee, Atchara; Wanlapatit, Sittichoke; Piyachomkwan, Kuakoon; Eurwilaichitr, Lily; Champreda, Verawat

    2017-10-01

    In this study, an efficient ethanol production process using simultaneous saccharification and viscosity reduction of raw cassava pulp with no prior high temperature pre-gelatinization/liquefaction step was developed using a crude starch- and cell wall-degrading enzyme preparation from Aspergillus aculeatus BCC17849. Proteomic analysis revealed that the enzyme comprised a complex mixture of endo- and exo-acting amylases, cellulases, xylanases, and pectina ses belonging to various glycosyl hydrolase families. Enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was dependent on the initial solid loading in the reaction. Reduction in mixture viscosity was observed with a rapid decrease in complex viscosity from 3785 to 0.45 Pa s with the enzyme dosage of 2.19 mg/g on a dried weight basis within the first 2 h, which resulted from partial destruction of the plant cell wall fiber and degradation of the released starch granules by the enzymes as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Saccharification of cassava pulp at an initial solid of 16% (w/v) in a bench-scale bioreactor resulted in 736.4 mg glucose/g, which is equivalent to 82.92% glucose yield based on the total starch and glucan in the substrate, after 96 h at 40 °C. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cassava pulp by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the uncooked enzymatic process led to a final ethanol concentration of 6.98% w/v, equivalent to 96.7% theoretical yield based on the total starch and cellulose content. The results demonstrated potential of the enzyme for low-energy processing of cassava pulp in biofuel industry.

  4. Cryptococcus cyanovorans sp. nov., a basidiomycetous yeast isolated from cyanide-contaminated soil.

    PubMed

    Motaung, Thabiso E; Albertyn, Jacobus; Kock, Johan L F; Pohl, Carolina H

    2012-05-01

    Eighteen yeast strains were isolated and identified from cyanide-contaminated soil in South Africa. According to sequence-based analyses using the D1/D2 region of the large ribosomal subunit and ITS region, three of these strains were found to be identical and represent a novel species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined dataset of the D1/D2 and ITS regions revealed a grouping with Cryptococcus curvatus, representing a defined clade (Curvatus) in the order Trichosporonales. The three strains were demarcated from Cryptococcus curvatus by standard physiological tests such as assimilation of lactose, xylitol, 5-keto-D-gluconate, succinate and citrate as well as growth on media containing 10 % (w/v) NaCl and 5 % (w/v) glucose. In addition, it was established that these strains could utilize up to 10 mM NaCN as sole carbon source on solid media and as sole nitrogen source in liquid media. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that the three strains represent a novel species for which the name Cryptococcus cyanovorans sp. nov. is given (type strain CBS 11948(T) = NRRL Y-48730(T)).

  5. Tentative identification of volatile flavor compounds in commercial Budu, a Malaysian fish sauce, using GC-MS.

    PubMed

    Mohamed, Hajaratul Najwa; Man, Yaakob Che; Mustafa, Shuhaimi; Manap, Yazid Abdul

    2012-05-03

    Budu is a famous Malaysian fish sauce, usually used as seasoning and condiment in cooking. Budu is produced by mixing fish and salt at certain ratio followed by fermentation for six months in closed tanks. In this study, four commercial brands of Budu were analyzed for their chemical properties (pH, salt content and volatile compounds). The pH of Budu samples ranged from 4.50-4.92, while the salt (NaCl) content ranged between 11.80% and 22.50% (w/v). For tentative identification of volatile flavor compounds in Budu, two GC columns have been used, DB-WAX and HP-5MS. A total of 44 volatile compounds have been detected and 16 were common for both columns. 3-Methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, dimethyl disulfide, 3-(methylthio)-propanal, 3-methylbutanoic acid and benzaldehye have been identified as the aroma-active compounds in Budu due to their lower threshold values.

  6. Biodegradation of 4-nitrotoluene with biosurfactant production by Rhodococcus pyridinivorans NT2: metabolic pathway, cell surface properties and toxicological characterization.

    PubMed

    Kundu, Debasree; Hazra, Chinmay; Dandi, Navin; Chaudhari, Ambalal

    2013-11-01

    A novel 4-nitrotoluene-degrading bacterial strain was isolated from pesticides contaminated effluent-sediment and identified as Rhodococcus pyridinivorans NT2 based on morphological and biochemical properties and 16S rDNA sequencing. The strain NT2 degraded 4-NT (400 mg l(-1)) with rapid growth at the end of 120 h, reduced surface tension of the media from 71 to 29 mN m(-1) and produced glycolipidic biosurfactants (45 mg l(-1)). The biosurfactant was purified and characterized as trehalose lipids. The biosurfactant was stable in high salinity (10 % w/v NaCl), elevated temperatures (120 °C for 15 min) and a wide pH range (2.0-10.0). The noticeable changes during biodegradation were decreased hydrophobicity; an increase in degree of fatty acid saturation, saturated/unsaturated ratio and cyclopropane fatty acid. Biodegradation of 4-NT was accompanied by the accumulation of ammonium (NH4 (+)) and negligible amount of nitrite ion (NO2 (-)). Product stoichiometry showed a carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mass balance of 37 and 35 %, respectively. Biodegradation of 4-NT proceeded by oxidation at the methyl group to form 4-nitrobenzoate, followed by reduction and hydrolytic deamination yielding protocatechuate, which was metabolized through β-ketoadipate pathway. In vitro and in vivo acute toxicity assays in adult rat (Rattus norvegicus) showed sequential detoxification and the order of toxicity was 4-NT >4-nitrobenzyl alcohol >4-nitrobenzaldehyde >4-nitrobenzoate > protocatechuate. Taken together, the strain NT2 could be used as a potential bioaugmentation candidate for the bioremediation of contaminated sites.

  7. Integrative approach to produce hydrogen and polyhydroxybutyrate from biowaste using defined bacterial cultures.

    PubMed

    Patel, Sanjay K S; Kumar, Prasun; Singh, Mamtesh; Lee, Jung-Kul; Kalia, Vipin C

    2015-01-01

    Biological production of hydrogen (H2) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from pea-shell slurry (PSS) was investigated using defined mixed culture (MMC4, composed of Enterobacter, Proteus, Bacillus spp.). Under batch culture, 19.0LH2/kg of PSS (total solid, TS, 2%w/v) was evolved. Using effluent from the H2 producing stage, Bacillus cereus EGU43 could produce 12.4% (w/w) PHB. Dilutions of PSS hydrolysate containing glucose (0.5%, w/v) resulted in 45-75LH2/kg TS fed and 19.1% (w/w) of PHB content. Under continuous culture, MMC4 immobilized on coconut coir (CC) lead to an H2 yield of 54L/kg TS fed and a PHB content of 64.7% (w/w). An improvement of 2- and 3.7-fold in H2 and PHB yields were achieved in comparison to control. This integrative approach using defined set of bacterial strains can prove effective in producing biomolecules from biowastes. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  8. 5',5'''-P1, P4 diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A): a putative initiator of DNA replication.

    PubMed

    Baril, E F; Coughlin, S A; Zamecnik, P C

    1985-01-01

    The proposal that Ap4A acts as an inducer of DNA replication is based primarily on two pieces of evidence (7). The intracellular levels of Ap4A increase ten- to 1000-fold as cells progress into S phase and the introduction of Ap4A into nonproliferating cells stimulated DNA synthesis. There is also some additional suggestive evidence such as the binding of Ap4A to a protein that is associated with multiprotein forms of the replicative DNA polymerase alpha and the ability of this enzyme to use Ap4A as a primer for DNA synthesis in vitro with single-stranded DNA templates. These observations have stimulated interest in the cellular metabolism of Ap4A. This is well since there is a great need for additional experimentation in order to clearly establish Ap4A as an inducer of DNA replication. Microinjection experiments of Ap4A into quiescent cells are needed in order to ascertain if Ap4A will stimulate DNA replication and possibly cell division in intact cells. Studies of the effects of nonhydrolyzable analogs of Ap4A on DNA replication in intact quiescent cells could also prove valuable. Although Ap4A can function as a primer for in vitro DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase alpha this may not be relevant in regard to its in vivo role in DNA replication. Ap4A in vivo could interact with key protein(s) in DNA replication and in this way act as an effector molecule in the initiation of DNA replication. In this regard the interaction of Ap4A with a protein associated with a multiprotein form of DNA polymerase alpha isolated from S-phase cells is of interest. More experiments are required to determine if there is a specific target protein(s) for Ap4A in vivo and what its role in DNA replication is. The cofractionation of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase with the replicative DNA polymerase alpha from animal and plant cells is of interest. The DNA polymerase alpha from synchronized animal cells also interacted with Ap4A. Although the plant cell alpha-like DNA polymerase did not

  9. Determination of optimized growth medium and cryoprotective additives to enhance the growth and survival of Lactobacillus salivarius.

    PubMed

    Yeo, Soyoung; Shin, Hee Sung; Lee, Hye Won; Hong, Doseon; Park, Hyunjoon; Holzapfel, Wilhelm; Kim, Eun Bae; Huh, Chul Sung

    2018-03-16

    Beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been intensively investigated in recent decades with special focus on modulation of the host intestinal microbiota. Numerous discoveries of effective probiotics are driven by a significantly increasing demand for dietary supplements. Consequently, technological advances in the large-scale production and lyophilization are needed by probiotic-related industries for producing probiotic LAB for commercial use. Our study had a dual objective, i.e., to determine the optimum growth medium composition and to investigate appropriate cryoprotective additives (CPAs) for Lactobacillus salivarius , and compare its responses with other Lactobacillus species. The one-factor-at-a-time method and central composite design were applied to determine the optimal medium composition for L. salivarius cultivation. The following composition of the medium was established (per liter): 21.64 g maltose, 85 g yeast extract, 1.21 ml Tween 80, 6 g sodium acetate, 0.2 g MgSO 4 ∙7H 2 O, 0.02 g MnSO 4 ∙H 2 O, 1 g K 2 HPO 4 , 1.5 g KH 2 PO 4 , 0.01 g FeSO 4 ∙7H 2 O and 1 g sodium citrate. A cryoprotective additive combination comprising 10% ( w/v ) skim milk and 10% ( w/v ) sucrose supplemented with 2.5% ( w/v ) sodium glutamate was selected for L. salivarius , and its effectiveness was confirmed using culture-independent methods in the freeze-dried cells of the Lactobacillus strains. In conclusion, the optimized medium enhanced the species-specific cultivation of L. salivarius . On the other hand, the cryoprotective effects of the selected CPA mixture may also be dependent on the bacterial strain. This study highlights the necessity for precise and advanced processing techniques for large-scale production of probiotics in the food and feed industries.

  10. Antimicrobial activity of thyme oil co-nanoemulsified with sodium caseinate and lecithin.

    PubMed

    Xue, Jia; Michael Davidson, P; Zhong, Qixin

    2015-10-01

    Emulsions of essential oils are investigated as potential intervention strategies to improve food safety and are preferably prepared from generally-recognized-as-safe emulsifiers. Stable thyme oil nanoemulsions can be prepared using combinations of sodium caseinate (NaCas) and soy lecithin. The objective of the present research was to study the antimicrobial activity of these nanoemulsions and understand the impacts of emulsifier concentrations. 10 g/L thyme oil was emulsified using combinations of (A) 4% w/v NaCas and 0.5% w/v lecithin or (B) 2% w/v NaCas and 0.25% w/v lecithin by high shear homogenization. Combination A resulted in a transparent emulsion with a mean droplet diameter of 82.5 nm, while it was turbid for the Combination B with an average diameter of 125.5 nm. Nanoemulsified thyme oil exhibited quicker initial reductions of bacteria than free thyme oil in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and 2% reduced fat milk at 21 °C, due to the improved dispersibility of thyme oil. In TSB with 0.3 g/L thyme oil, it took less than 4 and 8 h for two nanoemulsions and free oil, respectively, to reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes to be below the detection limit. The emulsified thyme oil also demonstrated more significant reductions of bacteria initially (4 and 8 h) in 2% reduced fat milk than free thyme oil. Especially, with 4 g/L thyme oil, the nanoemulsion prepared with Combination A reduced L. monocytogenes to be below the detection limit after 72 h, while the free thyme oil treatment was only bacteriostatic and the turbid nanoemulsion treatment with Combination B resulted in about 1 log CFU/mL reduction. However, E. coli O157:H7 treated with 3 g/L emulsified thyme oil and Salmonella Enteritidis treated with 4 g/L emulsified thyme oil recovered to a higher extent in milk than free thyme oil treatments. The increased concentration of emulsifiers in Combination A apparently reduced the antimicrobials available to alter bacteria membrane permeability

  11. Association between Breastfeeding and Childhood Obesity: Analysis of a Linked Longitudinal Study of Rural Appalachian Fifth-Grade Children.

    PubMed

    Umer, Amna; Hamilton, Candice; Britton, Cris M; Mullett, Martha D; John, Collin; Neal, William; Lilly, Christa L

    2015-08-01

    Although breastfeeding is associated with improving numerous health outcomes for the child, its role in reducing childhood obesity is contested. Despite this controversy, both the CDC and the US Department of Health and Human Services promote breastfeeding as one of the strategies for reducing childhood obesity. Rural Appalachia has one of the highest rates of childhood obesity and low rates of breastfeeding, compared to rest of the nation. The aim of this study was to examine the association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity at 11 years in the rural Appalachian state of West Virginia (WV). The study used linked data from two cross-sectional data sets to examine this relationship longitudinally in fifth-grade WV children. The main outcome variable was BMI adjusted percent (BMI%) and the main exposure was defined as occurrence of breastfeeding. Mean BMI% of children who were not breastfed was significantly higher, compared to children who were breastfed. The result of the multiple regression analysis showed that breastfeeding significantly predicted BMI% of children after controlling for maternal education, health insurance, family history of hypercholesterolemia and diabetes, child's asthma status, and birth weight of the infant. Our results are consistent with other studies that have shown a significant, but small, inverse association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity. Findings from this study suggest the need to improve breastfeeding rates in the rural Appalachian state of WV as one of the potential strategies to prevent obesity during childhood and adolescence.

  12. Screening of detergents for solubilization, purification and crystallization of membrane proteins: a case study on succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase from Escherichia coli.

    PubMed

    Shimizu, Hironari; Nihei, Coh-ichi; Inaoka, Daniel Ken; Mogi, Tatushi; Kita, Kiyoshi; Harada, Shigeharu

    2008-09-01

    Succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR) was solubilized and purified from Escherichia coli inner membranes using several different detergents. The number of phospholipid molecules bound to the SQR molecule varied greatly depending on the detergent combination that was used for the solubilization and purification. Crystallization conditions were screened for SQR that had been solubilized and purified using 2.5%(w/v) sucrose monolaurate and 0.5%(w/v) Lubrol PX, respectively, and two different crystal forms were obtained in the presence of detergent mixtures composed of n-alkyl-oligoethylene glycol monoether and n-alkyl-maltoside. Crystallization took place before detergent phase separation occurred and the type of detergent mixture affected the crystal form.

  13. AIRPOL-4A algorithms.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1976-01-01

    This report provides a detailed explanation of the inner workings of the computer program AIRPOL-4A, a computer model for predicting the impact of highway generated air pollution. The report is intended to serve both as a supportive document for AIRP...

  14. Nitrogen (N) dynamics in the mineral soil of a Central Appalachian hardwood forest during a quarter century of whole-watershed N additions

    Treesearch

    Frank S. ​Gilliam; Christopher A. Walter; Mary Beth Adams; William T. Peterjohn

    2018-01-01

    The structure and function of terrestrial ecosystemsare maintained by processes that vary with temporal and spatial scale. This study examined temporal and spatial patterns of net nitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification in mineral soil of three watersheds at the Fernow Experimental Forest, WV: 2 untreated watersheds and 1 watershed receiving aerial applications...

  15. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace using response surface methodology.

    PubMed

    Minjares-Fuentes, R; Femenia, A; Garau, M C; Candelas-Cadillo, M G; Simal, S; Rosselló, C

    2016-03-15

    An ultrasound-assisted procedure was applied to the extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace at a mild temperature (20°C). A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. Close agreement between experimental and predicted values was found. The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Temperature effects on the ultrasonic separation of fat from natural whole milk.

    PubMed

    Leong, Thomas; Juliano, Pablo; Johansson, Linda; Mawson, Raymond; McArthur, Sally L; Manasseh, Richard

    2014-11-01

    This study showed that temperature influences the rate of separation of fat from natural whole milk during application of ultrasonic standing waves. In this study, natural whole milk was sonicated at 600kHz (583W/L) or 1MHz (311W/L) with a starting bulk temperature of 5, 25, or 40°C. Comparisons on separation efficiency were performed with and without sonication. Sonication using 1MHz for 5min at 25°C was shown to be more effective for fat separation than the other conditions tested with and without ultrasound, resulting in a relative change from 3.5±0.06% (w/v) fat initially, of -52.3±2.3% (reduction to 1.6±0.07% (w/v) fat) in the skimmed milk layer and 184.8±33.2% (increase to 9.9±1.0% (w/v) fat) in the top layer, at an average skimming rate of ∼5g fat/min. A shift in the volume weighted mean diameter (D[4,3]) of the milk samples obtained from the top and bottom of between 8% and 10% relative to an initial sample D[4,3] value of 4.5±0.06μm was also achieved under these conditions. In general, faster fat separation was seen in natural milk when natural creaming occurred at room temperature and this separation trend was enhanced after the application of high frequency ultrasound. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. Chemical improvement of chitosan-modified beads for the immobilization of Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 L-arabinose isomerase through multipoint covalent attachment approach.

    PubMed

    Manzo, Ricardo M; de Sousa, Marylane; Fenoglio, Cecilia L; Gonçalves, Luciana Rocha Barro; Mammarella, Enrique J

    2015-10-01

    D-tagatose is produced from D-galactose by the enzyme L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) in a commercially viable bioprocess. An active and stable biocatalyst was obtained by modifying chitosan gel structure through reaction with TNBS, D-fructose or DMF, among others. This led to a significant improvement in L-AI immobilization via multipoint covalent attachment approach. Synthetized derivatives were compared with commercial supports such as Eupergit(®) C250L and glyoxal-agarose. The best chitosan derivative for L-AI immobilization was achieved by reacting 4 % (w/v) D-fructose with 3 % (w/v) chitosan at 50 °C for 4 h. When compared to the free enzyme, the glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan biocatalyst showed an apparent activity of 88.4 U g (gel) (-1) with a 211-fold stabilization factor while the glyoxal-agarose biocatalyst gave an apparent activity of 161.8 U g (gel) (-1) with an 85-fold stabilization factor. Hence, chitosan derivatives were comparable to commercial resins, thus becoming a viable low-cost strategy to obtain high active L-AI insolubilized derivatives.

  18. Responses of flocculus and vestibular nuclei neurons in Weaver mutant mice (B6CBA wv/wv) to combined head and body rotation.

    PubMed

    Grüsser-Cornehls, U

    1995-01-01

    The responses of vestibular nuclei (Vn) neurons and floccular Purkinje (P) cells to natural stimulation of the horizontal canals were recorded in paralyzed Weaver mutant mice. The Weaver mice suffer from an almost complete postnatal degeneration of granule cells and a portion of the P cells (Sidman et al. 1965). Parallel fibers are never elaborated (Bradley and Berry 1978). Recording sites were localized by means of small, iontophoretically applied HRP markings. Phase and sensitivity were analyzed by a Fourier analysis and a "best sine fitting" program. As in the normal "control" mice (Grüsser-Cornehls et al. 1995), the "simple spike" discharges of Vn and P cells in Weaver mutant mice are modulated sinusoidally upon sinusoidal stimulation. The neuronal response amplitude at fundamental frequency (determined from peristimulus time histograms, PSTHs increased with frequency (0.05-0.5 Hz) for both Vn and floccular neurons. The stimulus frequency/response amplitude and sensitivity (re velocity) curves for floccular neurons are distinctly lower in magnitude than those of Vn neurons (P < 0.01). In our sample of neurons, the Vn neurons curves of the mutants display a remarkable be behavior: the mean value curve of type I neurons is shifted upward, indicating a loss of inhibition but that of type II, downward, demonstrating a downregulation in comparison with the control values. The difference between the two curves is statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean value curve of all mutant Vn neurons depends on the different fractions of type I and type II neurons in the sample investigated. In our investigations, the mean value curves of both type I and type II neurons also exceed those of the normal controls. The phase shift relative to head angular velocity in the midfrequency range in Vn neurons was very similar to that in normal controls, but the phase advance in the range of 0.3-0.5 Hz was somewhat larger and the SD larger over the whole range tested. Concerning

  19. A Virtual Geant4 Environment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Iwai, Go

    2015-12-01

    We describe the development of an environment for Geant4 consisting of an application and data that provide users with a more efficient way to access Geant4 applications without having to download and build the software locally. The environment is platform neutral and offers the users near-real time performance. In addition, the environment consists of data and Geant4 libraries built using low-level virtual machine (LLVM) tools which can produce bitcode that can be embedded in HTML and accessed via a browser. The bitcode is downloaded to the local machine via the browser and can then be configured by the user. This approach provides a way of minimising the risk of leaking potentially sensitive data used to construct the Geant4 model and application in the medical domain for treatment planning. We describe several applications that have used this approach and compare their performance with that of native applications. We also describe potential user communities that could benefit from this approach.

  20. Biodegradation of aniline in an alkaline environment by a novel strain of the halophilic bacterium, Dietzia natronolimnaea JQ-AN.

    PubMed

    Jin, Qiong; Hu, Zhongce; Jin, Zanfang; Qiu, Lequan; Zhong, Weihong; Pan, Zhiyan

    2012-08-01

    Dietzia natronolimnaea JQ-AN was isolated from industrial wastewater containing aniline. Under aerobic conditions, the JQ-AN strain degraded 87% of the aniline in a 300 mg L(-1) aniline solution after 120 h of shake flask incubation in a medium containing sodium acetate. This strain had an unusually high salinity tolerance in minimal medium (0-6% NaCl, w/v). The optimal pH for microbial growth and aniline biodegradation was pH 8.0. Two liters of simulated aniline wastewater was created in a reactor at pH 8.0 and 3% NaCl (w/v), and biodegradation of aniline was tested over 7 days at 30 °C. For the initial concentrations of 100, 300, and 500 mg L(-1), 100%, 80.5% and 72% of the aniline was degraded, respectively. Strain JQ-AN may use an ortho-cleavage pathway for dissimilation of the catechol intermediate. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Performance evaluation of object based greenhouse detection from Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat 8 OLI data: A case study from Almería (Spain)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Novelli, Antonio; Aguilar, Manuel A.; Nemmaoui, Abderrahim; Aguilar, Fernando J.; Tarantino, Eufemia

    2016-10-01

    This paper shows the first comparison between data from Sentinel-2 (S2) Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) and Landsat 8 (L8) Operational Land Imager (OLI) headed up to greenhouse detection. Two closely related in time scenes, one for each sensor, were classified by using Object Based Image Analysis and Random Forest (RF). The RF input consisted of several object-based features computed from spectral bands and including mean values, spectral indices and textural features. S2 and L8 data comparisons were also extended using a common segmentation dataset extracted form VHR World-View 2 (WV2) imagery to test differences only due to their specific spectral contribution. The best band combinations to perform segmentation were found through a modified version of the Euclidian Distance 2 index. Four different RF classifications schemes were considered achieving 89.1%, 91.3%, 90.9% and 93.4% as the best overall accuracies respectively, evaluated over the whole study area.

  2. Alzheimer's disease susceptibility variants in the MS4A6A gene are associated with altered levels of MS4A6A expression in blood.

    PubMed

    Proitsi, Petroula; Lee, Sang Hyuck; Lunnon, Katie; Keohane, Aoife; Powell, John; Troakes, Claire; Al-Sarraj, Safa; Furney, Simon; Soininen, Hilkka; Kłoszewska, Iwona; Mecocci, Patrizia; Tsolaki, Magda; Vellas, Bruno; Lovestone, Simon; Hodges, Angela

    2014-02-01

    An increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) has previously been found to be associated with variants at the MS4A6A locus. We sought to identify which genes and transcripts in this region have altered expression in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and are influenced by the AD risk variant(s), as a first step to understanding the molecular basis of AD susceptibility at this locus. Common variants located within highly expressed MS4A6A transcripts were significantly associated with AD and MS4A6A expression levels in blood from MCI and AD subjects (p < 0.05, rs610932, rs7232, rs583791). More copies of the protective (minor) allele were associated with lower MS4A6A expression of each transcript (e.g., p = 0.019; rs610932-total MS4A6A). Furthermore, in heterozygous AD subjects, relative expression of the protective allele of V4-MS4A6A transcripts was lower (p < 0.008). Irrespective of genotype, MS4A6A transcripts were increased in blood from people with AD (p < 0.003), whereas lower expression of full length V1-MS4A6A (p = 0.002) and higher expression of V4-MS4A6A (p = 1.8 × 10(-4)) were observed in MCI, relative to elderly controls. The association between genotype and expression was less consistent in brain, although BA9 did have a similar genotype association with V4-MS4A6A transcripts as in blood. MS4A6A transcripts were widely expressed in tissues and cells, with the exception of V4-MS4A6A, which was not expressed in neuronal cells. Together these results suggest that high levels of MS4A6A in emerging AD pathology are detrimental. Persons with MCI may lower MS4A6A expression to minimize detrimental disease associated MS4A6A activity. However, those with the susceptibility allele appear unable to decrease expression sufficiently, which may explain their increased risk for developing AD. Inhibiting MS4A6A may therefore promote a more neuroprotective phenotype, although further work is needed to establish whether this is the case. Copyright © 2014

  3. Fabrication of a novel scaffold of clotrimazole-microemulsion-containing nanofibers using an electrospinning process for oral candidiasis applications.

    PubMed

    Tonglairoum, Prasopchai; Ngawhirunpat, Tanasait; Rojanarata, Theerasak; Kaomongkolgit, Ruchadaporn; Opanasopit, Praneet

    2015-02-01

    Clotrimazole (CZ)-loaded microemulsion-containing nanofiber mats were developed as an alternative for oral candidiasis applications. The microemulsion was composed of oleic acid (O), Tween 80 (T80), and a co-surfactant such as benzyl alcohol (BzOH), ethyl alcohol (EtOH) or isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The nanofiber mats were obtained by electrospinning a blended solution of a CZ-loaded microemulsion and a mixed polymer solution of 2% (w/v) chitosan (CS) and 10% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at a weight ratio of 30:70. The nanofiber mats were characterized using various analytical techniques. The entrapment efficiency, drug release, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity were investigated. The average diameter of the nanofiber mats was in the range of 105.91-125.56 nm. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) results revealed the amorphous state of the CZ-loaded microemulsions incorporated into the nanofiber mats. The entrapment efficiency of CZ in the mats was approximately 72.58-98.10%, depended on the microemulsion formulation. The release experiment demonstrated different CZ release characteristics from nanofiber mats prepared using different CZ-loaded microemulsions. The extent of drug release from the fiber mats at 4h was approximately 64.81-74.15%. The release kinetics appeared to follow Higuchi's model. In comparison with CZ lozenges (10mg), the nanofiber mats exhibited more rapid killing activity. Moreover, the nanofiber mats demonstrated desirable mucoadhesive properties and were safe for 2h. Therefore, the nanofiber mats have the potential to be promising candidates for oral candidiasis applications. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. 12. Credit PED. View of tail race and dam showing ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    12. Credit PED. View of tail race and dam showing dumping of construction rubble into river bed by rail car; and preparations for pouring a concrete cap onto tail race wall. Photo c. 1909. - Dam No. 4 Hydroelectric Plant, Potomac River, Martinsburg, Berkeley County, WV

  5. Development of double emulsion nanoparticles for the encapsulation of bovine serum albumin.

    PubMed

    Martinez, Nelida Y; Andrade, Patricia F; Durán, Nelson; Cavalitto, Sebastian

    2017-10-01

    In the present work, a double emulsion was developed for the encapsulation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a model protein for the future encapsulation of viral proteins. The first emulsion polydispersity index (PDI) was studied with increasing concentrations of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) as stabilizer (from 16% w/v to 5% w/v) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the surfactant in the second emulsion at 1.5% w/v. Results suggest that at decreasing concentrations of PCL the PDI of the emulsion also decrease, indicating that viscosity of the emulsion is crucial in the homogeneity of the resultant size distribution of the nanoparticles. When PVA concentration in the second emulsion was increased from 1.5% w/v to 2.5% w/v the PDI also increased. To study the relationship between the structure of the surfactant in the second emulsion and the resultant BSA encapsulation, emulsions were prepared with Pluronic F68 and PVA both at 1.5% w/v and PCL in the first emulsion at 5% w/v. Results indicated that Pluronic F68 was a better stabilizer because at the same experimental conditions encapsulation of BSA was 1.5 higher than PVA. FTIR studies confirmed the presence of BSA in the nanoparticles. SEM and TEM microscopies showed a size distribution of 300nm-500nm size of nanoparticles. Circular dichroism studies demonstrated that the secondary structure of the protein was conserved after the encapsulation into the nanoparticles. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of a (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Bacillus coagulans 2-6

    PubMed Central

    Miao, Xiangzhi; Huang, Xianhui; Zhang, Guofang; Zhao, Xiufang; Zhu, Xianming; Dong, Hui

    2013-01-01

    (2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol dehydrogenase (R,R-BDH) from Bacillus coagulans 2-6 is a zinc-dependent medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenase. Recombinant R,R-BDH with a His6 tag at the C-terminus was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified by Ni2+-chelating affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. Crystals were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 289 K. The crystallization condition consisted of 8%(v/v) Tacsimate pH 4.6, 18%(w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350. The crystal diffracted to 2.8 Å resolution in the orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 88.35, b = 128.73, c = 131.03 Å. PMID:24100567

  7. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of a (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Bacillus coagulans 2-6.

    PubMed

    Miao, Xiangzhi; Huang, Xianhui; Zhang, Guofang; Zhao, Xiufang; Zhu, Xianming; Dong, Hui

    2013-10-01

    (2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol dehydrogenase (R,R-BDH) from Bacillus coagulans 2-6 is a zinc-dependent medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenase. Recombinant R,R-BDH with a His6 tag at the C-terminus was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified by Ni2+-chelating affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. Crystals were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 289 K. The crystallization condition consisted of 8%(v/v) Tacsimate pH 4.6, 18%(w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350. The crystal diffracted to 2.8 Å resolution in the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁, with unit-cell parameters a=88.35, b=128.73, c=131.03 Å.

  8. Preparation of non-aggregating aqueous fullerenes in highly saline solutions with a biocompatible non-ionic polymer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aich, Nirupam; Boateng, Linkel K.; Flora, Joseph R. V.; Saleh, Navid B.

    2013-10-01

    Size-tunable stable aqueous fullerenes were prepared with different concentrations of biocompatible block-copolymer pluronic (PA) F-127, ranging from 0.001% to 1% (w/v). Size uniformity increased with the increase in PA concentration, yielding optimum 58.8 ± 5.6 and 61.8 ± 5.6 nm nC60s and nC70s, respectively (0.10%w/v PA), as observed using a dynamic light scattering technique. Fullerene aqueous suspensions also manifested enhanced stability in saline solution, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), and Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) culture medium. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to elaborate on the morphology and size specificity of fullerene clusters. Physicochemical characterizations of the suspended fullerenes were performed through UV-vis spectroscopy and electrophoretic mobility measurements. PA molecules showed size restriction by encasement, as observed via molecular dynamics simulations. Such solubilization with controllable size and non-aggregating behavior can facilitate application enhancement and mechanistic environmental and toxicological studies of size-specific fullerenes.

  9. Force Protection Technologies for the 2010-2020 Timeframe

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-11-01

    virus V12. Monkey pox virus Viruses V13. Rift Valley fever virus V14. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (Russian Spring-Summer... virus Viruses V20. Japanese encephalitis virus R1. Coxiella burnetti R2. Bartonella Quintana (Rochlimea quintana, Rickettsia quintana) R3...fever virus WV5. Oropouche virus WV6. Powassan virus WV7. Rocio virus Viruses (Warning List) WV8. St Louis encephalitis virus WB1.

  10. Chemical, Physiochemical, and Microstructural Properties, and Probiotic Survivability of Fermented Goat Milk Using Polymerized Whey Protein and Starter Culture Kefir Mild 01.

    PubMed

    Wang, Hao; Wang, Cuina; Wang, Mu; Guo, Mingruo

    2017-11-01

    A set-type fermented goat milk (FGM) using polymerized whey protein (PWP) as main thickening agent and Kefir Mild 01 as starter culture was developed. The FGM with PWP (0.3%, w/v) and pectin (0.2%, w/v) had low syneresis (5.44 ± 0.92%), desirable viscosity (952.86 ± 61.52 mPa⋅s), and hardness (112.57 ± 3.23 g), which were comparable to a fermented cow milk. Sensory evaluation data showed that the FGM with PWP and pectin had higher scores of both flavor (4.41 ± 0.39) and taste (3.72 ± 0.34) than the sample without PWP. Chemical composition of both fermented goat and cow milk were analyzed. The protein content of goat and cow milk samples were 3.50% ± 0.12% and 3.28% ± 0.09% (w/w), respectively. Lactobacillus acidophilus population in both FGM samples remained above 10 6 CFU/g during the 1st 4-wk storage. There was a slight but no significant (P > 0.05) decrease in pH and TA during storage. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs displayed a compact and homogeneous protein network of the FGM with PWP and pectin. Polymerized whey protein may be a novel protein-based thickening agent for formulation of a set-type FGM with starter culture Kefir Mild 01. Fermented goat milk is an increasingly popular dairy product in the world. However, it is difficult to make set type fermented goat milk due to the smaller size and lower content of casein micelles in goat milk. A fermented goat milk with PWP (0.3%, w/v) and pectin (0.2%, w/v) was successfully developed in this study. The product fermented by Kefir Mild 01 starter culture had a similar taste with Kefir but no yeast or alcoholic exists. The new product would be a promising food in the market. © 2017 Institute of Food Technologists®.

  11. 38 CFR 8a.4 - Coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Coverage. 8a.4 Section 8a.4 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS VETERANS MORTGAGE LIFE INSURANCE § 8a.4 Coverage. (a) The amount of VMLI in force on his or her life at any one time shall be...

  12. 38 CFR 8a.4 - Coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Coverage. 8a.4 Section 8a.4 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS VETERANS MORTGAGE LIFE INSURANCE § 8a.4 Coverage. (a) The amount of VMLI in force on his or her life at any one time shall be...

  13. 38 CFR 8a.4 - Coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Coverage. 8a.4 Section 8a.4 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS VETERANS MORTGAGE LIFE INSURANCE § 8a.4 Coverage. (a) The amount of VMLI in force on his or her life at any one time shall be...

  14. 38 CFR 8a.4 - Coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Coverage. 8a.4 Section 8a.4 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS VETERANS MORTGAGE LIFE INSURANCE § 8a.4 Coverage. (a) The amount of VMLI in force on his or her life at any one time shall be...

  15. [A case of mosaic ring chromosome 4 with subtelomeric 4p deletion].

    PubMed

    Kim, Jeong Hyun; Oh, Phil Soo; Na, Hye Yeon; Kim, Sun-Hee; Cho, Hyoun Chan

    2009-02-01

    Ring chromosome is a structural abnormality that is thought to be the result of fusion and breakage in the short and long arms of chromosome. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a well-known congenital anomaly in the ring chromosome 4 with a partial deletion of the distal short arm. Here we report a 10-month-old male of mosaic ring chromosome 4 with the chief complaint of severe short stature. He showed the height of -4 standard deviation, subtle hypothyroidism and mild atrial septal defect/ventricular septal defect, and also a mild language developmental delay was suspected. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multifocal leukomalacia. Chromosomal analysis of the peripheral blood showed the mosaic karyotype with [46,XY,r(4)(p16q35)[84]/45,XY,-4[9]/91,XXYY, dic r(4;4)(p16q35;p16q35)[5]/46,XY,dic r(4;4)(p16q35;p16q35)[2

  16. Thalassospira xianhensis sp. nov., a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium.

    PubMed

    Zhao, Baisuo; Wang, Hui; Li, Ruirui; Mao, Xinwei

    2010-05-01

    A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium, designated strain P-4(T), was isolated from oil-polluted saline soil in Xianhe, Shangdong Province, China. Strain P-4(T) was Gram-negative-staining with curved to spiral rod-shaped cells and grew optimally with 3-6 % (w/v) NaCl and at 30 degrees C. The predominant fatty acids were C(18 : 1)omega7c (35.0 %), C(16 : 0) (25.0 %), C(16 : 1)omega7c (17.9 %), C(14 : 0) (6.2 %) and C(17 : 0) cyclo (5.2 %). The major respiratory quinone was Q-9 and the genomic DNA G+C content was 61.2+/-1.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain P-4(T) belonged to the genus Thalassospira of the class Alphaproteobacteria. DNA-DNA hybridization with Thalassospira xiamenensis DSM 17429(T) showed relatedness of 36.0 %, and lower values were obtained with respect to other Thalassospira species. Based on physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as well as DNA-DNA relatedness, strain P-4(T) should be placed in the genus Thalassospira within a novel species. The name Thalassospira xianhensis sp. nov. is proposed, with P-4(T) (=CGMCC 1.6849(T) =JCM 14850(T)) as the type strain.

  17. 12 CFR 261a.4 - Fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fees. 261a.4 Section 261a.4 Banks and Banking... TO PERSONAL INFORMATION UNDER THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 General Provisions § 261a.4 Fees. (a) Copies of... Availability of Information, § 261.10 of this part. (b) No fee. Documents may be furnished without charge where...

  18. WV R-EMAP STUDY: MULTIPLE-OBJECTIVE SAMPLING DESIGN FRAMEWORK

    EPA Science Inventory

    A multi-objective sampling design has been implemented through Regional Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP) support of a cooperative agreement with the state of West Virginia. Goals of the project include: 1) development and testing of a temperature-adjusted fish IBI for t...

  19. Friction and Wear of Nanoadditive-Based Biolubricants in Steel-Steel Sliding Contacts: A Comparative Study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gupta, Rajeev Nayan; Harsha, A. P.

    2018-02-01

    The present work deals with the study of tribo-pair interaction in lubricated sliding contacts. By considering the environmental issues, the sunflower oil was extracted from the sunflower seeds and used as a base lubricant. The two types of the nanoadditives, i.e., CuO and CeO2, varying concentrations from 0.10 to 0.50% w/v were used to formulate the nanolubricants. The compatibility/synergism of the nanoadditives was examined from antifriction and antiwear behavior study with four-ball tester. Also, sunflower oil was modified by the chemical method to improve its fatty acid structure. A comparative tribological and compatibility study was also done in modified oil at similar concentration levels with both types of nanoparticles. The tribological test result exhibits 0.10% w/v concentration of the nanoadditive as optimum due to lowest wear scar and coefficient of friction. Higher concentration of the nanoparticles impaired the base oil performance. Different analytical tools were used to characterize the oil modification and worn surfaces. Moreover, the role of subsurface of the contacting material with the tribological performance has been reported.

  20. RbEu (Fe1-xNix) 4As4 : From a ferromagnetic superconductor to a superconducting ferromagnet

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Yi; Liu, Ya-Bin; Yu, Ya-Long; Tao, Qian; Feng, Chun-Mu; Cao, Guang-Han

    2017-12-01

    The intrinsically hole-doped RbEuFe4As4 exhibits bulk superconductivity at Tsc=36.5 K and ferromagnetic ordering in the Eu sublattice at Tm=15 K. Here we present a hole-compensation study by introducing extra itinerant electrons via a Ni substitution in the ferromagnetic superconductor RbEuFe4As4 with Tsc>Tm . With the Ni doping, Tsc decreases rapidly, and the Eu-spin ferromagnetism and its Tm remain unchanged. Consequently, the system RbEu (Fe1-xNix) 4As4 transforms into a superconducting ferromagnet with Tm>Tsc for 0.07 ≤x ≤0.08 . The occurrence of superconducting ferromagnets is attributed to the decoupling between Eu2 + spins and superconducting Cooper pairs. The superconducting and magnetic phase diagram is established, which additionally includes a recovered yet suppressed spin-density-wave state.

  1. Tailoring nutritional and process variables for hyperproduction of catalase from a novel isolated bacterium Geobacillus sp. BSS-7.

    PubMed

    Kauldhar, Baljinder Singh; Sooch, Balwinder Singh

    2016-01-14

    Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is one of the important industrial enzyme employed in diagnostic and analytical methods in the form of biomarkers and biosensors in addition to their enormous applications in textile, paper, food and pharmaceutical sectors. The present study demonstrates the utility of a newly isolated and adapted strain of genus Geobacillus possessing unique combination of several industrially important extremophilic properties for the hyper production of catalase. The bacterium can grow over a wide range of pH (3-12) and temperature (10-90 °C) with extraordinary capability to produce catalase. A novel extremophilic strain belonging to genus Geobacillus was exploited for the production of catalase by tailoring its nutritional requirements and process variables. One variable at a time traditional approach followed by computational designing was applied to customize the fermentation process. A simple fermentation media containing only three components namely sucrose (0.55 %, w/v), yeast extract (1.0 %, w/v) and BaCl2 (0.08 %, w/v) was designed for the hyperproduction of catalase. A controlled and optimum air supply caused a tremendous increase in the enzyme production on moving the bioprocess from the flask to bioreactor level. The present paper reports high quantum of catalase production (105,000 IU/mg of cells) in a short fermentation time of 12 h. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report in the literature that matches the performance of the developed protocol for the catalase production. This is the first serious study covering intracellular catalase production from thermophilic genus Geobacillus. An increase in intracellular catalase production by 214.72 % was achieved in the optimized medium when transferred from the shake flask to the fermenter level. The extraordinary high production of catalase from Geobacillus sp. BSS-7 makes the isolated strain a prospective candidate for bulk catalase production on an industrial scale.

  2. Actively Transmitting New DCPs - Hydrometeorological Automated Data System

    Science.gov Websites

    CT ASPETUCK RIVER NEAR ASPETUCK, C 411343 -0731926 SIGNAL ENG. HG VB 2013085 USGS01 DE2234D6 010000 CT BYRAM RIVER AT PEMBERWICK 410137 -0733940 SIGNAL ENG. HG PC VB 2013085 USGS01 17955470 010000 CT CT-CL 223 411832 -0723255 UNKNOWN HG WV WV VB HG WV WV HG EC EC EC EC EC EC 2016154 USGS01 DD3C65BA

  3. Retention of storage quality and post-refrigeration shelf-life extension of plum (Prunus domestica L.) cv. Santa Rosa using combination of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coating and gamma irradiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hussain, Peerzada R.; Suradkar, Prashant P.; Wani, Ali M.; Dar, Mohd A.

    2015-02-01

    Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coatings alone and in combination with gamma irradiation was tested for maintaining the storage quality and extending shelf-life of plum. Matured green plums were CMC coated at levels 0.5-1.0% w/v and gamma irradiated at 1.5 kGy. The treated fruit including control was stored under ambient (temperature 25±2 °C, RH 70%) and refrigerated (temperature 3±1 °C, RH 80%) conditions. In fruits treated with individual treatments of 1.0% w/v CMC; 1.5 kGy irradiation and combination of 1.0% w/v CMC and 1.5 kGy irradiation, no decay was recorded up to 11, 17 and 21 days of ambient storage. Irradiation alone at 1.5 kGy gave 8 days extension in shelf-life of plum compared to 5 days by 1.0% w/v CMC coating following 45 days of refrigeration. All combinatory treatments of CMC coating and irradiation proved beneficial in maintaining the storage quality as well as delaying the decaying of plum during post-refrigerated storage at 25±2 °C, RH 70% but, combination of CMC at 1.0% w/v and 1.5 kGy irradiation was found significantly (p≤0.05) superior to all other treatments in maintaining the storage quality and delaying the decaying of plum. CMC coating of plums at 1.0% w/v followed by irradiation at 1.5 kGy resulted in chlorophyll retention of 19.4% after 16 days compared to 10% in control after 8 days of ambient storage. Under refrigerated conditions, same treatment gave retention of 67.6% in chlorophyll compared to 10.6% in control after 35 days of storage. The above combinatory treatment resulted in extension of 11 days in shelf-life of plum during post-refrigerated storage at 25±2 °C, RH 70% following 45 days of refrigeration. Based on microbial analysis, irradiation alone at 1.5 kGy and in combination with 1.0% w/v CMC resulted in 2.0 and 1.8 log reduction in yeast and mold count of plum fruit after 20 and 35 days of ambient and refrigerated storage, thereby ensuring consumer safety.

  4. A novel open-framework with non-crossing channels in the uranyl vanadates A(UO 2) 4(VO 4) 3 ( A=Li, Na)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Obbade, S.; Dion, C.; Rivenet, M.; Saadi, M.; Abraham, F.

    2004-06-01

    A new sodium uranyl vanadate Na(UO 2) 4(VO 4) 3 has been synthesized by solid-state reaction and its structure determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in the tetragonal symmetry with space group I4 1/ amd and following cell parameters: a=7.2267(4) Å and c=34.079(4) Å, V=1779.8(2) Å 3, Z=4 with ρmes=5.36(3) g/cm 3 and ρcal=5.40(2) g/cm 3. A full-matrix least-squares refinement on the basis of F2 yielded R1=0.028 and w R2=0.056 for 52 parameters with 474 independent reflections with I⩾2 σ( I) collected on a BRUKER AXS diffractometer with Mo Kα radiation and a CCD detector. The crystal structure is characterized by ∞2[(UO 2) 2(VO 4)] sheets parallel to (001) formed by corner-shared UO 6 distorted octahedra and V(2)O 4 tetrahedra, connected by V(1)O 4 tetrahedra to ∞1[UO 5] 4- chains of edge-shared UO 7 pentagonal bipyramids alternately parallel to the a- and b-axis. The resulting three-dimensional framework creates mono-dimensional channels running down the a- and b-axis formed by face-shared oxygen octahedra half occupied by Na. The powder of Li analog compound Li(UO 2) 4(VO 4) 3 has been synthesized by solid-state reaction. The two compounds exhibit high mobility of the alkaline ions within the two-dimensional network of non-intersecting channels.

  5. WE-AB-207A-11: Respiratory Motion Guided 4DCBCT - A Step Towards Controlling 4DCBCT Image Quality

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    O’Brien, R; Keall, P; Stankovic, U

    Purpose: We have developed a method, called respiratory motion guided 4DCBCT (RMG-4DCBCT), in which the gantry speed and projection frequency are varied in response to the patient’s real-time respiratory signal to eliminate streaking artifacts and to suppress duplicate projections in 4DCBCT images. In 2015, we realized RMG-4DCBCT on an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator with a mechanical relay to suppress projections and a potentiometer to adjust the gantry speed in response to the patient’s real-time respiratory signal. The aim of this study was to analyse the image quality to determine what can and cannot be controlled. Methods: Using RMG-4DCBCT, we acquiredmore » 40 (RMG-4DCBCT-40) and 60 (RMG-4DCBCT-60) equally spaced projections per respiratory phase of the CIRS dynamic thorax phantom with breathing periods from 2s to 8s and two breathing traces from lung cancer patients. The contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and edge response width (ERW) were used to compare image quality between RMG-4DCBCT and conventional 4DCBCT. Results: Regardless of the breathing period, for RMG-4DCBCT, the CNR is approximately 7 and 9 with RMG-4DCBCT-40 and RMG-4DCBCT-60 respectively. Conventional 4DCBCT has a CNR dropping from 20 down to 6 as the breathing period drops from 2s to 8s. With RMG-4DCBCT, the ERW, in the direction of phantom motion, ranges from 2.1mm to 2.5mm as the breathing period drops from 2s to 8s which compares to a higher range of 2.0mm to 2.5mm with conventional 4DCBCT. Images with similar quality to conventional 4DCBCT can be acquired with RMG-4DCBCT-40 which has a 70% reduction in imaging dose. Conclusion: The image contrast can be controlled with RMG-4DCBCT regardless of the patients breathing rate. However, although the image sharpness is better with RMG-4DCBCT, image sharpness has a small dependence on the breathing period; the accuracy of registration and segmentation will therefore vary with the patient’s breathing period. This project was supported by a

  6. Rheological behavior and stability of ciprofloxacin suspension: Impact of structural vehicles and flocculating agent.

    PubMed

    Moghimipour, Eskandar; Rezaee, Saeed; Salimi, Anayatollah; Asadi, Elham; Handali, Somayeh

    2013-07-01

    Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone and is used against a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of structural vehicles and other formulating factors on physical stability and rheological behavior of ciprofloxacin suspension. To formulate the suspensions, the effect of glycerin and polysorbate 80 as wetting agents was evaluated. Then to achieve controlled flocculation, different concentrations of sodium chloride and calcium chloride were added. After choosing suitable wetting and flocculating agents, structural vehicles such as sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (NaCMC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and Veegum were evaluated. Physical stability parameters such as sedimentation volume, the degree of flocculation and the ease of redispersion of the suspensions and growth of crystals were evaluated. After incorporation of structural vehicles, the rheological properties of formulations containing were also studied to find out their rheological behavior. According to the results, suspension containing glycerin (0.2% w/v) and sodium chloride (0.05% w/v) as wetting agent and flocculating agent, respectively, were the most stable formulations regarding their F and N. Microscopic observations showed the growth of crystals in ciprofloxacin suspension in formulation without excipients and the minimum amount of crystal growth was seen in suspension containing NaCMC (0.25% w/v), Veegum (0.1% w/v) and NaCl (0.05% w/v). Rheological studies showed that almost all of the formulations had psuedoplastic behavior with different degree of thixotropy. The formulation containing NaCMC (0.25% w/v), Veegum (0.1% w/v) and NaCl (0.05% w/v) was the most stable formulation. It may be concluded that by altering the amount ratios of formulation factors, the best rheological behavior and the most proper thixotropy may be achieved.

  7. Rheological behavior and stability of ciprofloxacin suspension: Impact of structural vehicles and flocculating agent

    PubMed Central

    Moghimipour, Eskandar; Rezaee, Saeed; Salimi, Anayatollah; Asadi, Elham; Handali, Somayeh

    2013-01-01

    Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone and is used against a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of structural vehicles and other formulating factors on physical stability and rheological behavior of ciprofloxacin suspension. To formulate the suspensions, the effect of glycerin and polysorbate 80 as wetting agents was evaluated. Then to achieve controlled flocculation, different concentrations of sodium chloride and calcium chloride were added. After choosing suitable wetting and flocculating agents, structural vehicles such as sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (NaCMC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and Veegum were evaluated. Physical stability parameters such as sedimentation volume, the degree of flocculation and the ease of redispersion of the suspensions and growth of crystals were evaluated. After incorporation of structural vehicles, the rheological properties of formulations containing were also studied to find out their rheological behavior. According to the results, suspension containing glycerin (0.2% w/v) and sodium chloride (0.05% w/v) as wetting agent and flocculating agent, respectively, were the most stable formulations regarding their F and N. Microscopic observations showed the growth of crystals in ciprofloxacin suspension in formulation without excipients and the minimum amount of crystal growth was seen in suspension containing NaCMC (0.25% w/v), Veegum (0.1% w/v) and NaCl (0.05% w/v). Rheological studies showed that almost all of the formulations had psuedoplastic behavior with different degree of thixotropy. The formulation containing NaCMC (0.25% w/v), Veegum (0.1% w/v) and NaCl (0.05% w/v) was the most stable formulation. It may be concluded that by altering the amount ratios of formulation factors, the best rheological behavior and the most proper thixotropy may be achieved. PMID:24083201

  8. Drinking typography established by scheduled induction predicts chronic heavy drinking in a monkey model of ethanol self-administration.

    PubMed

    Grant, Kathleen A; Leng, Xiaoyan; Green, Heather L; Szeliga, Kendall T; Rogers, Laura S M; Gonzales, Steven W

    2008-10-01

    We have developed an animal model of alcohol self-administration that initially employs schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) to establish reliable ethanol consumption under open access (22 h/d) conditions with food and water concurrently available. SIP is an adjunctive behavior that is generated by constraining access to an important commodity (e.g., flavored food). The induction schedule and ethanol polydipsia generated under these conditions affords the opportunity to investigate the development of drinking typologies that lead to chronic, excessive alcohol consumption. Adult male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were induced to drink water and 4% (w/v in water) ethanol by a Fixed-Time 300 seconds (FT-300 seconds) schedule of banana-flavored pellet delivery. The FT-300 seconds schedule was in effect for 120 consecutive sessions, with daily induction doses increasing from 0.0 to 0.5 g/kg to 1.0 g/kg to 1.5 g/kg every 30 days. Following induction, the monkeys were allowed concurrent access to 4% (w/v) ethanol and water for 22 h/day for 12 months. Drinking typographies during the induction of drinking 1.5 g/kg ethanol emerged that were highly predictive of the daily ethanol intake over the next 12 months. Specifically, the frequency in which monkeys ingested 1.5 g/kg ethanol without a 5-minute lapse in drinking (defined as a bout of drinking) during induction strongly predicted (correlation 0.91) subsequent ethanol intake over the next 12 months of open access to ethanol. Blood ethanol during induction were highly correlated with intake and with drinking typography and ranged from 100 to 160 mg% when the monkeys drank their 1.5 g/kg dose in a single bout. Forty percent of the population became heavy drinkers (mean daily intakes >3.0 g/kg for 12 months) characterized by frequent "spree" drinking (intakes >4.0 g/kg/d). This model of ethanol self-administration identifies early alcohol drinking typographies (gulping the equivalent of 6 drinks) that evolve into

  9. Drinking Typography Established by Scheduled Induction Predicts Chronic Heavy Drinking in a Monkey Model of Ethanol Self-Administration

    PubMed Central

    Grant, Kathleen A.; Leng, Xiaoyan; Green, Heather L.; Szeliga, Kendall T.; Rogers, Laura S. M.; Gonzales, Steven W.

    2010-01-01

    Background We have developed an animal model of alcohol self-administration that initially employs schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) to establish reliable ethanol consumption under open access (22 h/d) conditions with food and water concurrently available. SIP is an adjunctive behavior that is generated by constraining access to an important commodity (e.g., flavored food). The induction schedule and ethanol polydipsia generated under these conditions affords the opportunity to investigate the development of drinking typologies that lead to chronic, excessive alcohol consumption. Methods Adult male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were induced to drink water and 4% (w/v in water) ethanol by a Fixed-Time 300 seconds (FT-300 seconds) schedule of banana-flavored pellet delivery. The FT-300 seconds schedule was in effect for 120 consecutive sessions, with daily induction doses increasing from 0.0 to 0.5 g/kg to 1.0 g/kg to 1.5 g/kg every 30 days. Following induction, the monkeys were allowed concurrent access to 4% (w/v) ethanol and water for 22 h/day for 12 months. Results Drinking typographies during the induction of drinking 1.5 g/kg ethanol emerged that were highly predictive of the daily ethanol intake over the next 12 months. Specifically, the frequency in which monkeys ingested 1.5 g/kg ethanol without a 5-minute lapse in drinking (defined as a bout of drinking) during induction strongly predicted (correlation 0.91) subsequent ethanol intake over the next 12 months of open access to ethanol. Blood ethanol during induction were highly correlated with intake and with drinking typography and ranged from 100 to 160 mg% when the monkeys drank their 1.5 g/kg dose in a single bout. Forty percent of the population became heavy drinkers (mean daily intakes >3.0 g/kg for 12 months) characterized by frequent “spree” drinking (intakes >4.0 g/kg/d). Conclusion This model of ethanol self-administration identifies early alcohol drinking typographies (gulping the

  10. Screening of detergents for solubilization, purification and crystallization of membrane proteins: a case study on succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase from Escherichia coli

    PubMed Central

    Shimizu, Hironari; Nihei, Coh-ichi; Inaoka, Daniel Ken; Mogi, Tatushi; Kita, Kiyoshi; Harada, Shigeharu

    2008-01-01

    Succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR) was solubilized and purified from Escherichia coli inner membranes using several different detergents. The number of phospholipid molecules bound to the SQR molecule varied greatly depending on the detergent combination that was used for the solubilization and purification. Crystallization conditions were screened for SQR that had been solubilized and purified using 2.5%(w/v) sucrose monolaurate and 0.5%(w/v) Lubrol PX, respectively, and two different crystal forms were obtained in the presence of detergent mixtures composed of n-alkyl-oligoethylene glycol monoether and n-alkyl-maltoside. Crystallization took place before detergent phase separation occurred and the type of detergent mixture affected the crystal form. PMID:18765923

  11. Leaf age affects the responses of foliar injury and gas exchange to tropospheric ozone in Prunus serotina seedlings.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Jianwei; Schaub, Marcus; Ferdinand, Jonathan A; Skelly, John M; Steiner, Kim C; Savage, James E

    2010-08-01

    We investigated the effect of leaf age on the response of net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g(wv)), foliar injury, and leaf nitrogen concentration (N(L)) to tropospheric ozone (O(3)) on Prunus serotina seedlings grown in open-plots (AA) and open-top chambers, supplied with either carbon-filtered or non-filtered air. We found significant variation in A, g(wv), foliar injury, and N(L) (P < 0.05) among O(3) treatments. Seedlings in AA showed the highest A and g(wv) due to relatively low vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Older leaves showed significantly lower A, g(wv), N(L), and higher foliar injury (P < 0.001) than younger leaves. Leaf age affected the response of A, g(wv), and foliar injury to O(3). Both VPD and N(L) had a strong influence on leaf gas exchange. Foliar O(3)-induced injury appeared when cumulative O(3) uptake reached 8-12 mmol m(-2), depending on soil water availability. The mechanistic assessment of O(3)-induced injury is a valuable approach for a biologically relevant O(3) risk assessment for forest trees. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  12. A widefield fluorescence microscope with a linear image sensor for image cytometry of biospecimens: Considerations for image quality optimization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hutcheson, Joshua A.; Majid, Aneeka A.; Powless, Amy J.; Muldoon, Timothy J.

    2015-09-01

    Linear image sensors have been widely used in numerous research and industry applications to provide continuous imaging of moving objects. Here, we present a widefield fluorescence microscope with a linear image sensor used to image translating objects for image cytometry. First, a calibration curve was characterized for a custom microfluidic chamber over a span of volumetric pump rates. Image data were also acquired using 15 μm fluorescent polystyrene spheres on a slide with a motorized translation stage in order to match linear translation speed with line exposure periods to preserve the image aspect ratio. Aspect ratios were then calculated after imaging to ensure quality control of image data. Fluorescent beads were imaged in suspension flowing through the microfluidics chamber being pumped by a mechanical syringe pump at 16 μl min-1 with a line exposure period of 150 μs. The line period was selected to acquire images of fluorescent beads with a 40 dB signal-to-background ratio. A motorized translation stage was then used to transport conventional glass slides of stained cellular biospecimens. Whole blood collected from healthy volunteers was stained with 0.02% (w/v) proflavine hemisulfate was imaged to highlight leukocyte morphology with a 1.56 mm × 1.28 mm field of view (1540 ms total acquisition time). Oral squamous cells were also collected from healthy volunteers and stained with 0.01% (w/v) proflavine hemisulfate to demonstrate quantifiable subcellular features and an average nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio of 0.03 (n = 75), with a resolution of 0.31 μm pixels-1.

  13. Trisomy 4p and deletion 4p- in a family having translocation, t(4p-; 12p+).

    PubMed

    Mortimer, J G; Chewings, W; Miethke, P; Smith, G F

    1978-01-01

    Chromosome studies on a newborn infant with the clinical features of 4p-syndrome revealed a 46,XY,4p-karyotype with deletion of bands distal to 4p14. Investigation of the family revealed normal chromosomes in the mother and a balanced translocation rcp(4;12) (p14;p13) in the father, the paternal grandfather and an uncle. A severely retarded and malformed aunt is a partial trismoy for the short arms of chromosome 4, with the unbalanced karyotype 45,XX,12p+. It appears that monosomy of bands 4p15 and 4p16 leads to the full clinical features of 4p-syndrome, while trisomy of this region causes disabilities consistent with the rather more variable 4p trisomy syndrome. From currently reported cases, a summary is presented of the results of pregnancies of both male and female translocation carriers.

  14. Avionics Interface Data Summaries: A-10A, EF-111A, F-4E, F-4G, F-15A, F- 16A, F-111A, F-111E, F-111F, RF-4C

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-10-01

    AIRCRAFT Flight Control ASA-32( ) Flight Director Computer TBD (Same as non -ARN-101 equipped F-4E aircraft) Air Data Computer CPK-92/A24G-34 Attitude...below. A two-inch separation between cable types is arbitrarily set as a minimum design goal. 3.2.6.4.1 Power and Control Circuits. Roucing and channel...plan in accordance with MIL-STD-461A(3) shall be the controlling document for EMIC design . 3.2.7.1 Design Reuire-nents. The generation of and suscepti

  15. Optimization of conditions for isolation of high quality chitin from shrimp processing raw byproducts using response surface methodology and its characterization.

    PubMed

    Nidheesh, T; Suresh, P V

    2015-06-01

    Chitin is one of the most abundant bioactive biopolymer on earth. It is commercially extracted from seafood processing crustacean shell byproducts by harsh thermochemical treatments. The extraction conditions, the source and pretreatment of raw material significantly affect its quality and bioactivity. In this investigation response surface methodology (RSM) has been applied to optimize and evaluate the interaction of variables for extraction of high quality chitin from shrimp processing raw byproducts. Variables such as, concentration of HCl (%, v/v) 4.5 (for wet) and 4.9 (for dry), reaction time 3 h, solid liquid ratio of HCl (w/v) 1:5.5 (for wet) and 1:7.9 (for dry) with two treatments achieved >98 % demineralization of shrimp byproduct. Variables such as, concentration of NaOH 3.6 % (w/v), reaction time 2.5 h, temperature 69.0 ± 1 °C, solid liquid ratio of NaOH 7.4 (w/v) and two treatments accomplished >98 % deproteinization of demineralized byproducts. Significant (p ≤ 0.05-0.001) interactive effects were observed between different variables. Chitin obtained in these conditions had residual content (%, w/w) of ash <0.4 and protein <0.8 and the degree of N-acetylation was >93 % with purity of >98 %. In conclusion, the optimized conditions by RSM can be applied for large scale preparation of high quality chitin from raw shrimp byproduct.

  16. Using Meteosat-10 and GPS ZWD measurements for creating regional water vapor maps.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Leontiev, Anton; Reuveni, Yuval

    2017-04-01

    Water vapor (WV) is one of the greenhouse gases, which plays a crucial role in global warming. It's investigation is of great importance for climate and global warming studies. One of the main difficulties of such studies is that WV varies constantly across the lower part of the atmosphere. Currently, most of studies provides WV estimations using only one technique such as tropospheric GPS path delays [Duan et al.] or multi-spectral reflected measurements from different meteorological satellites such as the Meteosat series [Schroedter et al.]. Constructing WV maps using only interpolated GPS zenith wet delay (ZWD) estimations has a main disadvantage - it doesn't take in account clouds which are located outside the integrated GPS paths. Using our previous work [Leontiev, Reuveni, in review] we were able to estimate Meteosat-10 7.3 μm WV pixel values by extracting the mathematical dependency between the WV amount calculated using GPS ZWD and the Meteosat-10 data. Here, we present a new strategy which combines these two approaches for WV estimation by using the mathematical dependency between GPS-ZWD and Meteosat-10 in order to evaluate the WV amount at cloudy conditions when preforming the interpolation between adjusted GPS station inside our network. This approach increases the accuracy of the estimated regional water vapor maps. References: Duan, J. et al. (1996), GPS Meteorology: Direct Estimation of the Absolute Value of Precipitable Water, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35(6), 830-838, doi:10.1175/15200450(1996)035<0830:GMDEOT>2.0.CO;2. Leontiev, A., Reuveni, Y.: Combining METEOSAT-10 satellite image data with GPS tropospheric path delays to estimate regional Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) distribution, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss, doi:10.5194/amt-2016-217, in review, 2016. Schroedter-Homscheidt, M., A. Drews, and S. Heise (2008), Total water vapor column retrieval from MSG-SEVIRI split window measurements exploiting the daily cycle of land surface temperatures, Remote Sens

  17. Effect of dipping in pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit juice phenolic solution on the shelf life of chicken meat under refrigerated storage (4°C).

    PubMed

    Vaithiyanathan, S; Naveena, B M; Muthukumar, M; Girish, P S; Kondaiah, N

    2011-07-01

    An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dipping in pomegranate fruit juice phenolics (PFJP) solution on the shelf life of chicken meat held under refrigerated storage at 4°C. Breast muscle obtained from spent hens was dipped (1:2w/v; muscle: liquid) in sterile water or in sterile water with 0.02% (v/v) PFJP, packed, stored at 4°C for 28 days and samples were analyzed on 2 days of intervals. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values were lower in samples treated with PFJP. Total sulfhydryl and protein bound sulfhydryl content values were higher in samples treated with PFJP. Microbial quality evaluation showed that aerobic and psychrotrophic counts were higher in samples treated without PFJP. Sensory evaluation revealed that acceptability level of samples treated without PFJP decreased on 12th day of storage. It is concluded that spent hen breast meat samples dipped in 0.02% PFJP reduced protein oxidation and inhibited microbial growth and sensorily acceptable up to 12 days of refrigerated storage at 4°C. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Bacillus nitroreducens sp. nov., a humus-reducing bacterium isolated from a compost.

    PubMed

    Guo, Junhui; Wang, Yue Qiang; Yang, Guiqin; Chen, Yunqi; Zhou, Shungui; Zhao, Yong; Zhuang, Li

    2016-05-01

    A Gram-staining-positive, facultative anaerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated GSS08(T), was isolated from a windrow compost pile and characterized by means of a polyphasic approach. Growth occurred with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 6.5-9.5 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 20-45 °C (optimum 37 °C). Anaerobic growth occurred with anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate, fumarate and NO3 (-) as electron acceptor. The main respiratory quinone was MK-7. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15:0 (43.1 %), anteiso-C15:0 (27.4 %) and iso-C16:0 (8.3 %). The DNA G + C content was 39.6 mol%. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GSS08(T) formed a phyletic lineage with the type strain of Bacillus humi DSM 16318(T) with a high sequence similarity of 97.5 %, but it displayed low sequence similarity with other valid species in the genus Bacillus (<96.0 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness between strains GSS08(T) and B. humi DSM 16318(T) was 50.8 %. The results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses clearly indicated that strain GSS08(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus nitroreducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GSS08(T) (=KCTC 33699(T) = MCCC 1K01091(T)).

  19. EphA4 is a prognostic factor in gastric cancer

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptor, consisting of a family of receptor tyrosine kinases, plays critical roles in tumour development and is considered an attractive target for cancer therapy. Methods Tumour samples were obtained from 222 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent gastrectomy. The expressions of EphA2, EphA4, and ephrinA1 were evaluated immunohistochemically. Results High expressions of EphA2, EphA4, and ephrinA1 significantly correlated with variables related to tumour progression, including the depth of invasion, metastatic lymph nodes, pathological stage, and distant metastasis or recurrent disease. High expressions of EphA2, EphA4, and ephrinA1 were significantly associated with poorer disease-specific survival (DSS; p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.026). On multivariate analysis, EphA4 was an independent prognostic factor of DSS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.8; p = 0.028), and EphA2 tended to be a prognostic factor (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0-5.8; p = 0.050). In stage II and III cancer, EphA4 and EphA2 were both significantly associated with shorter survival (p = 0.007 and 0.019), but only EphA2 was an independent prognostic factor (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-6.3; p = 0.039). Conclusion EphA4 may play important roles in tumor progression and outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. PMID:23738943

  20. Black bean coats: New source of anthocyanins stabilized by β-cyclodextrin copigmentation in a sport beverage.

    PubMed

    Aguilera, Yolanda; Mojica, Luis; Rebollo-Hernanz, Miguel; Berhow, Mark; de Mejía, Elvira González; Martín-Cabrejas, María A

    2016-12-01

    Anthocyanin-rich powders and aqueous extracts, with high antioxidant activities, were obtained from black bean seed coats and applied to colour a sport beverage. Idaho and Otomi bean coats were extracted in water-citric acid 2% (1/50, w/v), stirring for 4h at 40°C. Anthocyanins from Idaho and Otomi extracts (1.83mg and 1.02mg C3G/g, respectively) were applied to a commercially available sport beverage, with and without 2% β-cyclodextrin (βCD) under light and darkness conditions for 10days, and stored at 4°C and 25°C for 6weeks. At different light and storage conditions, anthocyanin degradation fitted a first-order reaction model. All bean coat anthocyanins combined with βCD showed extended half-life (up to 13months), higher D-values (up to 43months) and fewer differences in colourimetric properties (lightness, chroma and hue angle) under darkness and 4°C conditions. These black bean coat aqueous extracts and powders might represent natural alternatives to synthetic colorants, ecologically extracted, and with a high antioxidant potential. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. A simple, rapid, cost-effective and sensitive method for detection of Salmonella in environmental and pecan samples.

    PubMed

    Dobhal, S; Zhang, G; Rohla, C; Smith, M W; Ma, L M

    2014-10-01

    PCR is widely used in the routine detection of foodborne human pathogens; however, challenges remain in overcoming PCR inhibitors present in some sample matrices. The objective of this study was to develop a simple, sensitive, cost-effective and rapid method for processing large numbers of environmental and pecan samples for Salmonella detection. This study was also aimed at validation of a new protocol for the detection of Salmonella from in-shell pecans. Different DNA template preparation methods, including direct boiling, prespin, multiple washing and commercial DNA extraction kits, were evaluated with pure cultures of Salmonella Typhimurium and with enriched soil, cattle feces and in-shell pecan each spiked individually with Salmonella Typhimurium. PCR detection of Salmonella was conducted using invA and 16S rRNA gene (internal amplification control) specific primers. The effect of amplification facilitators, including bovine serum albumin (BSA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin on PCR sensitivity, was also evaluated. Conducting a prespin of sample matrices in combination with the addition of 0·4% (w/v) BSA and 1% (w/v) PVP in PCR mix was the simplest, most rapid, cost-effective and sensitive method for PCR detection of Salmonella, with up to 40 CFU Salmonella per reaction detectable in the presence of over 10(9 ) CFU ml(-1) of background micro-organisms from enriched feces soil or pecan samples. The developed method is rapid, cost-effective and sensitive for detection of Salmonella from different matrices. This study provides a method with broad applicability for PCR detection of Salmonella in complex sample matrices. This method has a potential for its application in different research arenas and diagnostic laboratories. © 2014 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

  2. 77 FR 70478 - RG Steel Wheeling, LLC, Wheeling Office, A Division Of RG Steel, LLC, Including On-Site Leased...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-26

    ... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-81,880: TA-A-81,880A] RG Steel Wheeling, LLC, Wheeling Office, A Division Of RG Steel, LLC, Including On-Site Leased Workers From Pro Unlimited and Green Energy Initiatives LLC, Including Workers Whose Wages Were Reported Through Severstal Wheeling, Wheeling, WV: Mountain State...

  3. 320-Row wide volume CT significantly reduces density heterogeneity observed in the descending aorta: comparisons with 64-row helical CT.

    PubMed

    Yamashiro, Tsuneo; Miyara, Tetsuhiro; Honda, Osamu; Kamiya, Ayano; Tanaka, Yuko; Murayama, Sadayuki

    2014-01-01

    The aim of this study was to compare density heterogeneity on wide volume (WV) scans with that on helical CT scans. 22 subjects underwent chest CT using 320-WV and 64-helical modes. Density heterogeneity of the descending aorta was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. At qualitative assessment, the heterogeneity was judged to be smaller on WV scans than on helical scans (p<0.0001). Mean changes in aortic density between two contiguous slices were 1.64 HU (3.40%) on WV scans and 2.29 HU (5.19%) on helical scans (p<0.0001). CT density of thoracic organs is more homogeneous and reliable on WV scans than on helical scans. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Purification and characterization of chitinases and chitosanases from a new species strain Pseudomonas sp. TKU015 using shrimp shells as a substrate.

    PubMed

    Wang, San-Lang; Chen, Shin-Jen; Wang, Chuan-Lu

    2008-05-19

    A chitinase (CHT1) and a chitosanase (CHS1) were purified from the culture supernatant of Pseudomonas sp. TKU015 with shrimp shell wastes as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. The optimized conditions of this new species strain (Gen Bank Accession Number EU103629) for the production of chitinases were found to be when the culture was shaken at 30 degrees C for 3 days in 100 mL of medium (pH 8) containing 0.5% shrimp shell powder (SSP) (w/v), 0.1% K2HPO4, and 0.05% MgSO(4).7H2O. The molecular weights of CHT1 and CHS1 determined by SDS-PAGE were approximately 68 kDa and 30 kDa, respectively. The optimum pH, optimum temperature, pH stability, and the thermal stability of CHT1 and CHS1 were pH 6, 50 degrees C, pH 5-7, <50 degrees C and pH 4, 50 degrees C, pH 3-9, <50 degrees C, respectively. CHT1 was inhibited completely by Mn2+ and Fe2+, and CHS1 was inhibited by Mn2+, Cu2+, and PMSF. CHT1 was only specific to chitin substrates, whereas the relative activity of CHS1 increased when the degree of deacetylation of soluble chitosan increased.

  5. Unexpected self-sorting self-assembly formation of a [4:4] sulfate:ligand cage from a preorganized tripodal urea ligand.

    PubMed

    Pandurangan, Komala; Kitchen, Jonathan A; Blasco, Salvador; Boyle, Elaine M; Fitzpatrick, Bella; Feeney, Martin; Kruger, Paul E; Gunnlaugsson, Thorfinnur

    2015-04-07

    The design and synthesis of tripodal ligands 1-3 based upon the N-methyl-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide platform appended with three aryl urea arms is reported. This ligand platform gives rise to highly preorganized structures and is ideally suited for binding SO4 (2-) and H2 PO4 (-) ions through multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions. The solid-state crystal structures of 1-3 with SO4 (2-) show the encapsulation of a single anion within a cage structure, whereas the crystal structure of 1 with H2 PO4 (-) showed that two anions are encapsulated. We further demonstrate that ligand 4, based on the same platform but consisting of two bis-urea moieties and a single ammonium moiety, also recognizes SO4 (2-) to form a self-assembled capsule with [4:4] SO4 (2-) :4 stoichiometry in which the anions are clustered within a cavity formed by the four ligands. This is the first example of a self-sorting self-assembled capsule where four tetrahedrally arranged SO4 (2-) ions are embedded within a hydrophobic cavity. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  6. Genome-scale metabolic modeling of Mucor circinelloides and comparative analysis with other oleaginous species.

    PubMed

    Vongsangnak, Wanwipa; Klanchui, Amornpan; Tawornsamretkit, Iyarest; Tatiyaborwornchai, Witthawin; Laoteng, Kobkul; Meechai, Asawin

    2016-06-01

    We present a novel genome-scale metabolic model iWV1213 of Mucor circinelloides, which is an oleaginous fungus for industrial applications. The model contains 1213 genes, 1413 metabolites and 1326 metabolic reactions across different compartments. We demonstrate that iWV1213 is able to accurately predict the growth rates of M. circinelloides on various nutrient sources and culture conditions using Flux Balance Analysis and Phenotypic Phase Plane analysis. Comparative analysis of three oleaginous genome-scale models, including M. circinelloides (iWV1213), Mortierella alpina (iCY1106) and Yarrowia lipolytica (iYL619_PCP) revealed that iWV1213 possesses a higher number of genes involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolisms that might contribute to its versatility in nutrient utilization. Moreover, the identification of unique and common active reactions among the Zygomycetes oleaginous models using Flux Variability Analysis unveiled a set of gene/enzyme candidates as metabolic engineering targets for cellular improvement. Thus, iWV1213 offers a powerful metabolic engineering tool for multi-level omics analysis, enabling strain optimization as a cell factory platform of lipid-based production. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Crystal structures of Salmonella typhimurium propionate kinase and its complex with Ap4A: evidence for a novel Ap4A synthetic activity.

    PubMed

    Simanshu, Dhirendra K; Savithri, H S; Murthy, M R N

    2008-03-01

    Propionate kinase catalyses the last step in the anaerobic breakdown of L-threonine to propionate in which propionyl phosphate and ADP are converted to propionate and ATP. Here we report the structures of propionate kinase (TdcD) in the native form as well as in complex with diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) by X-ray crystallography. Structure of TdcD obtained after cocrystallization with ATP showed Ap4A bound to the active site pocket suggesting the presence of Ap4A synthetic activity in TdcD. Binding of Ap4A to the enzyme was confirmed by the structure determination of a TdcD-Ap4A complex obtained after cocrystallization of TdcD with commercially available Ap4A. Mass spectroscopic studies provided further evidence for the formation of Ap4A by propionate kinase in the presence of ATP. In the TdcD-Ap4A complex structure, Ap4A is present in an extended conformation with one adenosine moiety present in the nucleotide binding site and other in the proposed propionate binding site. These observations tend to support direct in-line transfer of phosphoryl group during the kinase reaction. 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  8. Biodegradation of marine crude oil pollution using a salt-tolerant bacterial consortium isolated from Bohai Bay, China.

    PubMed

    Li, Xinfei; Zhao, Lin; Adam, Mohamed

    2016-04-15

    This study aims at constructing an efficient bacterial consortium to biodegrade crude oil spilled in China's Bohai Sea. In this study, TCOB-1 (Ochrobactrum), TCOB-2 (Brevundimonas), TCOB-3 (Brevundimonas), TCOB-4 (Bacillus) and TCOB-5 (Castellaniella) were isolated from Bohai Bay. Through the analysis of hydrocarbon biodegradation, TCOB-4 was found to biodegrade more middle-chain n-alkanes (from C17 to C23) and long-chain n-alkanes (C31-C36). TCOB-5 capable to degrade more n-alkanes including C24-C30 and aromatics. On the basis of complementary advantages, TCOB-4 and TCOB-5 were chosen to construct a consortium which was capable of degrading about 51.87% of crude oil (2% w/v) after 1week of incubation in saline MSM (3% NaCl). It is more efficient compared with single strain. In order to biodegrade crude oil, the construction of bacterial consortia is essential and the principle of complementary advantages could reduce competition between microbes. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  9. T4 AsiA blocks DNA recognition by remodeling σ70 region 4

    PubMed Central

    Lambert, Lester J; Wei, Yufeng; Schirf, Virgil; Demeler, Borries; Werner, Milton H

    2004-01-01

    Bacteriophage T4 AsiA is a versatile transcription factor capable of inhibiting host gene expression as an ‘anti-σ′ factor while simultaneously promoting gene-specific expression of T4 middle genes in conjunction with T4 MotA. To accomplish this task, AsiA engages conserved region 4 of Eschericia coli σ70, blocking recognition of most host promoters by sequestering the DNA-binding surface at the AsiA/σ70 interface. The three-dimensional structure of an AsiA/region 4 complex reveals that the C-terminal α helix of region 4 is unstructured, while four other helices adopt a completely different conformation relative to the canonical structure of unbound region 4. That AsiA induces, rather than merely stabilizes, this rearrangement can be realized by comparison to the homologous structures of region 4 solved in a variety of contexts, including the structure of Thermotoga maritima σA region 4 described herein. AsiA simultaneously occupies the surface of region 4 that ordinarily contacts core RNA polymerase (RNAP), suggesting that an AsiA-bound σ70 may also undergo conformational changes in the context of the RNAP holoenzyme. PMID:15257291

  10. A Versatile Low Temperature Synthetic Route to Zintl Phase Precursors: Na4Si4, Na4Ge4 and K4Ge4 as Examples

    PubMed Central

    Ma, Xuchu; Xu, Fen; Atkins, Tonya; Goforth, Andrea M.; Neiner, Doinita; Navrotsky, Alexandra; Kauzlarich, Susan M.

    2010-01-01

    Na4Si4 and Na4Ge4 are ideal chemical precursors for inorganic clathrate structures, clusters, and nanocrystals. The monoclinic Zintl phases, Na4Si4 and Na4Ge4, contain isolated homo-tetrahedranide [Si4]4− and [Ge4]4− clusters surrounded by alkali metal cations. In this study, a simple scalable route has been applied to prepare Zintl phases of composition Na4Si4 and Na4Ge4 using the reaction between NaH and Si or Ge at low temperature (420 °C for Na4Si4 and 270 °C for Na4Ge4). The method was also applied to K4Ge4, using KH and Ge as raw materials, to show the versatility of this approach. The influence of specific reaction conditions on the purity of these Zintl phases has been studied by controlling five factors: the method of reagent mixing (manual or ball milled), the stoichiometry between raw materials, the reaction temperature, the heating time and the gas flow rate. Moderate ball-milling and excess NaH or KH facilitate the formation of pure Na4Si4, Na4Ge4 or K4Ge4 at 420 °C (Na4Si4) or 270 °C (both M4Ge4 compounds, M = Na, K). TG/DSC analysis of the reaction of NaH and Ge indicates that ball milling reduces the temperature for reaction and confirms the formation temperature. This method provides large quantities of high quality Na4Si4 and Na4Ge4 without the need for specialized laboratory equipment, such as Schlenk lines, niobium/tantalum containers, or an arc welder, thereby expanding the accessibility and chemical utility of these phases by making them more convenient to prepare. This new synthetic method may also be extended to lithium-containing Zintl phases (LiH is commercially available) as well as to alkali metal-tetrel Zintl compounds of other compositions, e.g. K4Ge9. PMID:19921060

  11. A New Metabolite with a unique 4-pyranone-ylactam-1,4-thiazine moiety from a Hawaiian-plant associated fungus

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    An endophytic fungus Paraphaeosphaeria neglecta FT462 isolated from the Hawaiian-plant Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm produced one unusual compound (1, paraphaeosphaeride A) with the 4-pyranone-'-lactam-1,4-thiazine moiety, along with two new compounds (2 and 3, paraphaeosphaerides B and C, resp...

  12. Effects of a Culturally Responsive Teaching Project on Teachers and Students in Selected Kanawha County, WV, Schools

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hughes, Georgia K.; Cowley, Kimberly S.; Copley, Lisa D.; Finch, Nicole L.; Meehan, Merrill L.; Burns, Rebecca C.; Kusimo, Patricia S.; Keyes, Marian C.; Orletsky, Sandra R.; Holdzkom, David

    2004-01-01

    Differences in academic achievement among ethnic and socioeconomic groups, called achievement gaps, have been an issue in education for many years. Achievement gaps exist between upper- and lower-class students and between students of differing races and ethnic backgrounds. As a group, Black and Hispanic students perform less well on many…

  13. A non-invasive method for studying an index of pupil diameter and visual performance in the rhesus monkey.

    PubMed

    Fairhall, Sarah J; Dickson, Carol A; Scott, Leah; Pearce, Peter C

    2006-04-01

    A non-invasive model has been developed to estimate gaze direction and relative pupil diameter, in minimally restrained rhesus monkeys, to investigate the effects of low doses of ocularly administered cholinergic compounds on visual performance. Animals were trained to co-operate with a novel device, which enabled eye movements to be recorded using modified human eye-tracking equipment, and to perform a task which determined visual threshold contrast. Responses were made by gaze transfer under twilight conditions. 4% w/v pilocarpine nitrate was studied to demonstrate the suitability of the model. Pilocarpine induced marked miosis for >3 h which was accompanied by a decrement in task performance. The method obviates the need for invasive surgery and, as the position of point of gaze can be approximately defined, the approach may have utility in other areas of research involving non-human primates.

  14. A dye binding method for measurement of total protein in microalgae.

    PubMed

    Servaites, Jerome C; Faeth, Julia L; Sidhu, Sukh S

    2012-02-01

    Protein is a large component of the standing biomass of algae. The total protein content of algae is difficult to measure because of the problems encountered in extracting all of the protein from the cells. Here we modified an existing protein assay to measure total protein in microalgae cells that involves little or no extraction of protein from the cells. Aliquots of fresh or pretreated cells were spotted onto filter paper strips. After drying, the strips were stained in a 0.1% (w/v) solution of the protein stain Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 for 16 to 24 h and then destained. The stained protein spots were cut out from the paper, and dye was eluted in 1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Absorbance at 600 nm was directly proportional to protein concentration. Cells that were recalcitrant to taking up the dye could be either heated at 80°C for 10 min in 1% SDS or briefly sonicated for 3 min to facilitate penetration of the dye into the cells. Total protein measured in Chlorella vulgaris using this method compared closely with that measured using the total N method. Total protein concentrations were measured successfully in 12 algal species using this dye binding method. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Tribological study on rapeseed oil with nano-additives in close contact sliding situation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gupta, Rajeev Nayan; Harsha, A. P.; Singh, Sagar

    2018-02-01

    The present work deals with the tribological evaluation of three types of nano-additives, i.e., copper oxide (CuO; ≈ 151.2 nm), cerium oxide (CeO2; ≈ 80 nm) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; ≈ 90.4 nm) with rapeseed oil under steel-steel sliding contacts. The nano-additives concentrations in the base oil were 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5% w/v for the lubricant formulation. Further, the rapeseed oil was also epoxidized by a chemical method and the tribological behavior was compared with the base oil (unmodified oil) at similar nano-additives concentrations. The ASTM standards were followed for the study of wear preventive and extreme-pressure analysis of nanolubricants, and it was carried out using four-ball tester. In the antiwear test, CeO2 and PTFE nano-additives have shown the significant reduction in the wear scar diameter at the concentration of 0.1% w/v. In the extreme-pressure test, 0.5% w/v concentration was optimum for oxide nanoparticles; however, PTFE nanoparticles did not show positive effect with both the base oils. Different characterization techniques were employed to confirm the oil modification and for the study of the worn surfaces.

  16. Optimization of edible coating formulations for improving postharvest quality and shelf life of pear fruit using response surface methodology.

    PubMed

    Nandane, A S; Dave, Rudri K; Rao, T V Ramana

    2017-01-01

    The effect of composite edible films containing soy protein isolate (SPI) in combination with additives like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and olive oil on 'Babughosha' pear ( Pyrus communis L.) stored at ambient temperature (28 ± 5 °C and 60 ± 10% RH) was evaluated using Response surface methodology (RSM). A total of 30 edible coating formulations comprising of SPI (2-6%, w/v), olive oil (0.7-1.1%, v/v), HPMC (0.1-0.5%, w/v) and potassium sorbate (0-0.4% w/v) were evaluated for optimizing the most suitable combination. Quality parameters like weight loss%, TSS, pH and titrable acidity of the stored pears were selected as response variables for optimization. The optimization procedure was carried out using RSM. It was observed that the response variables were mainly effected by concentration of SPI and olive oil in the formulation. Edible coating comprising of SPI 5%, HPMC 0.40%, olive oil 1% and potassium sorbate 0.22% was found to be most suitable combination for pear fruit with predicted values of response variables indicated as weight loss% 3.50, pH 3.41, TSS 11.13 and TA% 0.513.

  17. Nano-web structures constructed with a cellulose acetate/lithium chloride/polyethylene oxide hybrid: modeling, fabrication and characterization.

    PubMed

    Broumand, Atefeh; Emam-Djomeh, Zahra; Khodaiyan, Faramarz; Mirzakhanlouei, Sasan; Davoodi, Driush; Moosavi-Movahedi, Ali A

    2015-01-22

    Electrospun nano-web structures (ENWSs) were successfully fabricated from ionized binary solution of cellulose(Mn30)/polyethylene oxide(Mn200) (CA/PEO of 0.5-1.5). Final concentration of polymers was 12% (w/v) in the solution, and lithium chloride was used as ionizing agent. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to the optimize fabrication of ENWSs. Results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the solution properties and ENWSs morphology were strongly influenced by CA/PEO. An increase in PEO amount increased the viscosity which is a function of molecular weight, and as a result raised the entanglement of polymeric solution but decreased the surface tension that all support nanofibers fabrication. The size of nanofibers decreased with reducing PEO and LiCl concentration. Increasing the content of LiCl promoted the electrical conductivity (EC) value; however, junction zones were formed. The overall optimum region was found to be at combined level of 1.5% CA/PEO and 0.49% (w/v) LiCl. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. A-4 scientific results

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Matteson, J.

    1979-01-01

    Observations of galactic sources, extragalactic sources and gamma bursts with the A-4 instrument at energy 1 energies of between 0.1 to 10 MeV are discussed. Aximuthal scans are presented. The Crab Nebula and its spectrum and the spectrum of Cygnus Z-1 are described.

  19. Enzymic Dehalogenation of 4-Chlorobenzoyl Coenzyme A in Acinetobacter sp. Strain 4-CB1

    PubMed Central

    Copley, Shelley D.; Crooks, Gwen P.

    1992-01-01

    4-Chlorobenzoate degradation in cell extracts of Acinetobacter sp. strain 4-CB1 occurs by initial synthesis of 4-chlorobenzoyl coenzyme A (4-chlorobenzoyl CoA) from 4-chlorobenzoate, CoA, and ATP. 4-Chlorobenzoyl CoA is dehalogenated to 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA. Following the dehalogenation reaction, 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA is hydrolyzed to 4-hydroxybenzoate and CoA. Possible roles for the CoA moiety in the dehalogenation reaction are discussed. PMID:16348702

  20. Tankering Fuel: A Cost Saving Initiative

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-05-01

    USAF AFIT/IMO/ENS/11-06 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR UNIVERSITY AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Wright- Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio...NORTHCOM DFSP Verona DESC New York US NULL NORTHCOM DFSP Watson DESC California US NULL NORTHCOM DFSP WILLIAMS DESC FLOATING US NULL NORTHCOM DFSP...ANG KOKC AF Oklahoma US ANG NORTHCOM Willow Grove ANG KNXX AF Pennsylvania US ANG NORTHCOM Wright Patterson KFFO AF Ohio US AFMC NORTHCOM WV ARNG

  1. Protease-Activated Receptor 4 (PAR4): A Promising Target for Antiplatelet Therapy.

    PubMed

    Rwibasira Rudinga, Gamariel; Khan, Ghulam Jilany; Kong, Yi

    2018-02-14

    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are currently among the leading causes of death worldwide. Platelet aggregation is a key cellular component of arterial thrombi and major cause of CVDs. Protease-activated receptors (PARs), including PAR1, PAR2, PAR3 and PAR4, fall within a subfamily of seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Human platelets express PAR1 and PAR4, which contribute to the signaling transduction processes. In association with CVDs, PAR4 not only contributes to platelet activation but also is a modulator of cellular responses that serve as hallmarks of inflammation. Although several antiplatelet drugs are available on the market, they have many side effects that limit their use. Emerging evidence shows that PAR4 targeting is a safer strategy for preventing thrombosis and consequently may improve the overall cardiac safety profile. Our present review summarizes the PAR4 structural characteristics, activation mechanism, role in the pathophysiology of diseases and understanding the association of PAR4 targeting for improved cardiac protection. Conclusively, this review highlights the importance of PAR4 antagonists and its potential utility in different CVDs.

  2. Behaviors of glucose decomposition during acid-catalyzed hydrothermal hydrolysis of pretreated Gelidium amansii.

    PubMed

    Jeong, Tae Su; Choi, Chang Ho; Lee, Ji Ye; Oh, Kyeong Keun

    2012-07-01

    Acid-catalyzed hydrothermal hydrolysis is one path to cellulosic glucose and subsequently to its dehydration end products such as hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), formic acid and levulinic acid. The effect of sugar decomposition not only lowers the yield of fermentable sugars but also forms decomposition products that inhibit subsequent fermentation. The present experiments were conducted with four different acid catalysts (H(2)SO(4), HNO(3), HCl, and H(3)PO(4)) at various acid normalities (0.5-2.1N) in batch reactors at 180-210 °C. From the results, H(2)SO(4) was the most suitable catalyst for glucose production, but glucose decomposition occurred during the hydrolysis. The glucose production was maximized at 160.7 °C, 2.0% (w/v) H(2)SO(4), and 40 min, but resulted in a low glucan yield of 33.05% due to the decomposition reactions, which generated formic acid and levulinic acid. The highest concentration of levulinic acid, 7.82 g/L, was obtained at 181.2 °C, 2.0% (w/v) H(2)SO(4), and 40 min. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Endangered species identification along corridors in WV using GIS.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2006-08-11

    Since the late 19th century, the exploitation of oil, gas, timber, and mineral resources in Appalachia has been associated with the production of an extensive transportation system and with a concurrent decline in the environmental quality of aquatic...

  4. Megakaryocytes compensate for Kit insufficiency in murine arthritis.

    PubMed

    Cunin, Pierre; Penke, Loka R; Thon, Jonathan N; Monach, Paul A; Jones, Tatiana; Chang, Margaret H; Chen, Mary M; Melki, Imene; Lacroix, Steve; Iwakura, Yoichiro; Ware, Jerry; Gurish, Michael F; Italiano, Joseph E; Boilard, Eric; Nigrovic, Peter A

    2017-05-01

    The growth factor receptor Kit is involved in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic development. Mice bearing Kit defects lack mast cells; however, strains bearing different Kit alleles exhibit diverse phenotypes. Herein, we investigated factors underlying differential sensitivity to IgG-mediated arthritis in 2 mast cell-deficient murine lines: KitWsh/Wsh, which develops robust arthritis, and KitW/Wv, which does not. Reciprocal bone marrow transplantation between KitW/Wv and KitWsh/Wsh mice revealed that arthritis resistance reflects a hematopoietic defect in addition to mast cell deficiency. In KitW/Wv mice, restoration of susceptibility to IgG-mediated arthritis was neutrophil independent but required IL-1 and the platelet/megakaryocyte markers NF-E2 and glycoprotein VI. In KitW/Wv mice, platelets were present in numbers similar to those in WT animals and functionally intact, and transfer of WT platelets did not restore arthritis susceptibility. These data implicated a platelet-independent role for the megakaryocyte, a Kit-dependent lineage that is selectively deficient in KitW/Wv mice. Megakaryocytes secreted IL-1 directly and as a component of circulating microparticles, which activated synovial fibroblasts in an IL-1-dependent manner. Transfer of WT but not IL-1-deficient megakaryocytes restored arthritis susceptibility to KitW/Wv mice. These findings identify functional redundancy among Kit-dependent hematopoietic lineages and establish an unanticipated capacity of megakaryocytes to mediate IL-1-driven systemic inflammatory disease.

  5. 32. Credit JTL. Exterior transformer bank; note lightning arrestors removed ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    32. Credit JTL. Exterior transformer bank; note lightning arrestors removed from pad and smaller arrestors installed on transformers and in area near air switches. - Dam No. 4 Hydroelectric Plant, Potomac River, Martinsburg, Berkeley County, WV

  6. Performance of PRP Associated with Porous Chitosan as a Composite Scaffold for Regenerative Medicine

    PubMed Central

    Shimojo, Andréa Arruda Martins; Perez, Amanda Gomes Marcelino; Galdames, Sofia Elisa Moraga; Brissac, Isabela Cambraia de Souza; Santana, Maria Helena Andrade

    2015-01-01

    This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro performance of activated platelet-rich plasma associated with porous sponges of chitosan as a composite scaffold for proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The sponges were prepared by controlled freezing (−20, −80, or −196°C) and lyophilization of chitosan solutions (1, 2, or 3% w/v). The platelet-rich plasma was obtained from controlled centrifugation of whole blood and activated with calcium and autologous serum. The composite scaffolds were prepared by embedding the sponges with the activated platelet-rich plasma. The results showed the performance of the scaffolds was superior to that of activated platelet-rich plasma alone, in terms of delaying the release of growth factors and increased proliferation of the stem cells. The best preparation conditions of chitosan composite scaffolds that coordinated the physicochemical and mechanical properties and cell proliferation were 3% (w/v) chitosan and a −20°C freezing temperature, while −196°C favored osteogenic differentiation. Although the composite scaffolds are promising for regenerative medicine, the structures require stabilization to prevent the collapse observed after five days. PMID:25821851

  7. Assessment of Pansharpening Methods Applied to WorldView-2 Imagery Fusion.

    PubMed

    Li, Hui; Jing, Linhai; Tang, Yunwei

    2017-01-05

    Since WorldView-2 (WV-2) images are widely used in various fields, there is a high demand for the use of high-quality pansharpened WV-2 images for different application purposes. With respect to the novelty of the WV-2 multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) bands, the performances of eight state-of-art pan-sharpening methods for WV-2 imagery including six datasets from three WV-2 scenes were assessed in this study using both quality indices and information indices, along with visual inspection. The normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference water index, and morphological building index, which are widely used in applications related to land cover classification, the extraction of vegetation areas, buildings, and water bodies, were employed in this work to evaluate the performance of different pansharpening methods in terms of information presentation ability. The experimental results show that the Haze- and Ratio-based, adaptive Gram-Schmidt, Generalized Laplacian pyramids (GLP) methods using enhanced spectral distortion minimal model and enhanced context-based decision model methods are good choices for producing fused WV-2 images used for image interpretation and the extraction of urban buildings. The two GLP-based methods are better choices than the other methods, if the fused images will be used for applications related to vegetation and water-bodies.

  8. 6. Photo copy of blue print, (original in Forest Service ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    6. Photo copy of blue print, (original in Forest Service Office, Elkins, WV), George W. Root, draftsman, 1928. DETAILS FOR OFFICE/LABORATORY, SHEET 2. (see also WV-237-B-3 FOR CONSTRUCTION DETAILS) - Parsons Nursery, Nursery Office, South side of U.S. Route 219, Parsons, Tucker County, WV

  9. Airport Activity Statistics of Certificated Route Air Carriers.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-12-31

    Houlton, ME............ Presque Isle /Houlton Bluefield, WV........... Princeon/Bhzefield Huntington, WV......... Ashland/ Huntington Bonn, Germany...Benito Wheeling, WV ......... Pttaburgh/ Wheeling (Under Pennsylvania ) San Bernardino, CA ... Ontario & San Bernardino White River Junction, VT... Pennsylvania ) Spartanburg, SC........ Greenville/Spartanbury Winston-Salem, NC ... Greensboro/High Point/Winston-Salem Springfield, MA......... Hartford

  10. Analogs of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A).

    PubMed

    Guranowski, Andrzej

    2003-01-01

    This review summarizes our knowledge of analogs and derivatives of diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A), the most extensively studied member of the dinucleoside 5',5"'-P1,Pn-polyphosphate (NpnN) family. After a short discussion of enzymes that may be responsible for the accumulation and degradation of Np4)N's in the cell, this review focuses on chemically and/or enzymatically produced analogs and their practical applications. Particular attention is paid to compounds that have aided the study of enzymes involved in the metabolism of Ap4A (Np4N'). Certain Ap4A analogs were alternative substrates of Ap4A-degrading enzymes and/or acted as enzyme inhibitors, some other helped to establish enzyme mechanisms, increased the sensitivity of certain enzyme assays or produced stable enzyme:ligand complexes for structural analysis.

  11. Characterization of antimicrobial substance from Lactobacillus salivarius KL-D4 and its application as biopreservative for creamy filling.

    PubMed

    Therdtatha, Phatthanaphong; Tandumrongpong, Chanabhorn; Pilasombut, Komkhae; Matsusaki, Hiromi; Keawsompong, Suttipun; Nitisinprasert, Sunee

    2016-01-01

    Lactobacillus salivarius KL-D4 isolated from duck intestine produced bacteriocin which was stable at high temperature and a wide pH range of 3-10. Its cell free supernatant at pH 5.5 exhibited wide inhibitory spectrum against both G+ and G- bacteria. The highest bacteriocin production was obtained in MRS broth supplemented with 0.5 % (w/v) CaCO3 at 6 h by gentle shaking. PCR walking using specific primers at the conserved region of class-II bacteriocin resulted in 4 known genes of kld1, kld2, kld3 and kld4 with 100 % similarity to genes encoding for salivaricin α, β, induction peptide and histidine protein kinase of Lb. salivarius GJ-24 which did not previously report for bacteriocin characterization, while showing 94, 93, 59 and 62 % to other salivaricin gene cluster, respectively. The high activities of 25,600 AU/ml indicated a strong induction peptide expressed by kld3 which has low similarity to previous inducer reported. Based on operon analysis, only kld1, kld3 and kld4 could be expressed and subsequently elucidated that only salivaricin α like bacteriocin was produced and secreted out of the cells. Using protein purification, only a single peptide band obtained showed that this strain produced one bacteriocin which could be salivaricin α namely salivaricin KLD showing about 4.3 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Partial purification by 20 % ammonium sulfate precipitation of the product was tested on the artificial contamination of creamy filling by Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Staphylococcus sp. and Stenotrophomonas sp. resulting the growth inhibitory efficiency of 4.45-66.9, 11.5-100, 100, 0-28.1 and 5-100 % respectively. Therefore, salivaricin KLD can be a tentative biopreservative for food industry in the future.

  12. Bacillus marismortui sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic species from the Dead Sea.

    PubMed

    Arahal, D R; Márquez, M C; Volcani, B E; Schleifer, K H; Ventosa, A

    1999-04-01

    A group of 91 moderately halophilic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped strains were isolated from enrichments prepared from Dead Sea water samples collected 57 years ago. These strains were examined for 117 morphological, physiological, biochemical, nutritional and antibiotic susceptibility characteristics. All strains formed endospores and were motile, strictly aerobic and positive for catalase and oxidase. They grew in media containing 5-25% (w/v) total salts, showing optimal growth at 10% (w/v). Eighteen strains were chosen as representative isolates and were studied in more detail. All these strains had mesodiaminopimelic acid in the cell wall and a DNA G + C content of 39.0-42.8 mol%; they constitute a group with levels of DNA-DNA similarity of 70-100%. The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes of three representative strains (strains 123T, 557 and 832) were almost identical (99.9%), and placed the strains in the low G + C content Gram-positive bacteria. On the basis of their features, these isolates should be regarded as members of a new species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus marismortui sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 123T (= DSM 12325T = ATCC 700626T = CIP 105609T = CECT 5066T).

  13. A minireview of E4BP4/NFIL3 in heart failure.

    PubMed

    Velmurugan, Bharath Kumar; Chang, Ruey-Lin; Marthandam Asokan, Shibu; Chang, Chih-Fen; Day, Cecilia-Hsuan; Lin, Yueh-Min; Lin, Yuan-Chuan; Kuo, Wei-Wen; Huang, Chih-Yang

    2018-06-01

    Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The primary cause identified for HF is impaired left ventricular myocardial function, and clinical manifestations may lead to severe conditions like pulmonary congestion, splanchnic congestion, and peripheral edema. Development of new therapeutic strategies remains the need of the hour for controlling the problem of HF worldwide. Deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in etiopathology of HF indicate the significant role of calcium signaling, autocrine signaling pathways, and insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling that regulates the physiologic functions of heart growth and development such as contraction, metabolism, hypertrophy, cytokine signaling, and apoptosis. In view of these facts, a transcription factor (TF) regulating the myriad of these signaling pathways may prove as a lead candidate for development of therapeutics. Adenovirus E4 promoter-binding protein (E4BP4), also known as nuclear-factor, interleukin 3 regulated (NFIL3), a type of basic leucine zipper TF, is known to regulate the signaling processes involved in the functioning of heart. The current review discusses about the expression, structure, and functional role of E4BP4 in signaling processes with emphasis on calcium signaling mechanisms, autocrine signaling, and insulin-like growth factor II receptor-mediated processes regulated by E4BP4 that may regulate the pathogenesis of HF. We propose that E4BP4, being the critical component for the regulation of the above signaling processes, may serve as a novel therapeutic target for HF, and scientific investigations are merited in this direction. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  14. National Dam Safety Program. Kehr’s Mill Trail Lower Dam (MO 11277), Missouri - Kansas City Basin, St. Louis County, Missouri. Phase I Inspection Report.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-11-01

    j a aja-a, *a-’a .4 - .4 VS a a - a fl WV’ *-rI0&a. a.~ a-c.,.., a a a *a-,~ .~ ... a a. NO a- a.C5𔃺 a 004 a a la-n aCCa -) 0 2. 0 * a3O0 * aQ *a3 0...N C ’N** KU N - NNN.V(4t4 N, C, 3.5 .1 0 . - N4 4 N-NW * U ( 4MW Nt OOOCOOOOOC...NNVUACION.NNCNNV,1’ N’CC’VNVA V.. I NNNN AAAtNCA P2 5.3 3. CI N

  15. Azocalix[4]arene strapped calix[4]pyrrole: a confirmable fluoride sensor.

    PubMed

    Thiampanya, Preecha; Muangsin, Nongnuj; Pulpoka, Buncha

    2012-08-17

    A new chromogenic fluoride sensor based on 1,3-di-p-nitrophenylazocalix[4]arene-calix[4]pyrrole (1) was designed and synthesized. The color of the solution of probe 1 changed upon the addition of any F(-), CH(3)CO(2)(-), PhCO(2)(-), and H(2)PO(4)(-) ions. However, from these ions the highly specific sensing of F(-) is achieved by the addition of Ca(2+) which leads to a color change from light sky blue (of 1·F(-)) back to the original light orange color of 1.

  16. Maleic acid treatment of biologically detoxified corn stover liquor.

    PubMed

    Kim, Daehwan; Ximenes, Eduardo A; Nichols, Nancy N; Cao, Guangli; Frazer, Sarah E; Ladisch, Michael R

    2016-09-01

    Elimination of microbial and enzyme inhibitors from pretreated lignocellulose is critical for effective cellulose conversion and yeast fermentation of liquid hot water (LHW) pretreated corn stover. In this study, xylan oligomers were hydrolyzed using either maleic acid or hemicellulases, and other soluble inhibitors were eliminated by biological detoxification. Corn stover at 20% (w/v) solids was LHW pretreated LHW (severity factor: 4.3). The 20% solids (w/v) pretreated corn stover derived liquor was recovered and biologically detoxified using the fungus Coniochaeta ligniaria NRRL30616. After maleic acid treatment, and using 5 filter paper units of cellulase/g glucan (8.3mg protein/g glucan), 73% higher cellulose conversion from corn stover was obtained for biodetoxified samples compared to undetoxified samples. This corresponded to 87% cellulose to glucose conversion. Ethanol production by yeast of pretreated corn stover solids hydrolysate was 1.4 times higher than undetoxified samples, with a reduction of 3h in the fermentation lag phase. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Measurements of WW and WZ Production in W+jets Final States in pp̄ Collisions

    DOE PAGES

    Abazov, V. M.; Abbott, B.; Acharya, B. S.; ...

    2012-05-02

    We study WW and WZ production with lνqq (l=e,μ) final states using data collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider corresponding to 4.3 fb⁻¹ of integrated luminosity from pp̄ collisions at √s=1.96 TeV. Assuming the ratio between the production cross sections σ(WW) and σ(WZ) as predicted by the standard model, we measure the total WV (V=W,Z) cross section to be σ(WV)=19.6 +3.2 -3.0 pb and reject the background-only hypothesis at a level of 7.9 standard deviations. We also use b-jet discrimination to separate the WZ component from the dominant WW component. Simultaneously fitting WW and WZ contributions,more » we measure σ(WW)=15.9 +3.7-3.2 pb and σ(WZ)=3.3 +4.1 -3.3 pb, which is consistent with the standard model predictions.« less

  18. The application of anethole, menthone, and eugenol in transdermal penetration of valsartan: Enhancement and mechanistic investigation.

    PubMed

    Ahad, Abdul; Aqil, Mohd; Ali, Asgar

    2016-01-01

    The main barrier for transdermal delivery is the obstacle property of the stratum corneum. Many types of chemical penetration enhancers have been used to breach the skin barrier; among the penetration enhancers, terpenes are found as the most highly advanced, safe, and proven category. In the present investigation, the terpenes anethole, menthone, and eugenol were used to enhance the permeation of valsartan through rat skin in vitro and their enhancement mechanism was investigated. Skin permeation studies of valsartan across rat skin in the absence and the presence of terpenes at 1% w/v, 3% w/v, and 5% w/v in vehicle were carried out using the transdermal diffusion cell sampling system across rat skin and samples were withdrawn from the receptor compartment at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h and analysed for drug content by the HPLC method. The mechanism of skin permeation enhancement of valsartan by terpenes treatment was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All the investigated terpenes provided a significant (p < 0.01) enhancement in the valsartan flux at a concentration of 1%, and less so at 3% and 5%. The effectiveness of terpenes at 1% concentration was in the following order: anethole > menthone > eugenol with 4.4-, 4.0-, and 3.0-fold enhancement ratio over control, respectively. DSC study showed that the treatment of stratum corneum with anethole shifted endotherm down to lower melting point while FTIR studies revealed that anethole produced maximum decrease in peak height and area than other two terpenes. The investigated terpenes can be successfully used as potential enhancers for the enhancement of skin permeation of lipophilic drug.

  19. Use of wood vinegar to enhance 5-aminolevulinic acid production by selected Rhodopseudomonas palustris in rubber sheet wastewater for agricultural use.

    PubMed

    Nunkaew, Tomorn; Kantachote, Duangporn; Chaiprapat, Sumate; Nitoda, Teruhiko; Kanzaki, Hiroshi

    2018-05-01

    This study aimed to produce inexpensive 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in a non-sterile latex rubber sheet wastewater (RSW) by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TN114 and PP803 for the possibility to use in agricultural purposes by investigating the optimum conditions, and applying of wood vinegar (WV) as an economical source of levulinic acid to enhance ALA content. The Box-Behnken Design experiment was conducted under microaerobic-light conditions for 96 h with TN114, PP803 and their mixed culture (1:1) by varying initial pH, inoculum size (% v/v) and initial chemical oxygen demand (COD, mg/L). Results showed that the optimal condition (pH, % inoculum size, COD) of each set to produce extracellular ALA was found at 7.50, 6.00, 2000 for TN114; 7.50, 7.00, 3000 for PP803; and 7.50, 6.00, 4000 for a mixed culture; and each set achieved COD reduction as high as 63%, 71% and 75%, respectively. Addition of the optimal concentration of WV at mid log phase at 0.63% for TN114, and 1.25% for PP803 and the mixed culture significantly increased the ALA content by 3.7-4.2 times (128, 90 and 131 μM, respectively) compared to their controls. ALA production cost could be reduced approximately 31 times with WV on the basis of the amount of levulinic acid used. Effluent containing ALA for using in agriculture could be achieved by treating the RSW with the selected ALA producer R. palustris strains under the optimized condition with a little WV additive.

  20. 1. NORTHWEST FRONT, SOUTHWEST SIDE (SPRING HOUSE IN FOREGROUND; BATH ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    1. NORTHWEST FRONT, SOUTHWEST SIDE (SPRING HOUSE IN FOREGROUND; BATH HOUSE AT REAR) (4 x 5 negative; 5 x 7 print) - Salt Sulphur Springs, Spring House, U.S. Route 219, Salt Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, WV

  1. 2. SHOWING (LEFT TO RIGHT) CHAPEL, STORE BUILDING, SPRING HOUSE, ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    2. SHOWING (LEFT TO RIGHT) CHAPEL, STORE BUILDING, SPRING HOUSE, AND BATH HOUSE, SOUTHEAST FACADES (4 x 5 negative; 5 x 7 print) - Salt Sulpher Springs, U.S. Route 219, Salt Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, WV

  2. 34. View of pier 3, showing supporting main anchor arm ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    34. View of pier 3, showing supporting main anchor arm and cantilever arm spans, as seen from shore near pier 4, looking north - Williamstown-Marietta Bridge, Spanning Ohio River between Williamstown & Marietta, Williamstown, Wood County, WV

  3. Cerulean Warbler Occurrence Atlas for Military Installations

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-04-01

    Army Ammuniton Plant (Closed) IN NO 2009 Army IOWA ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT IA UNCERTAIN 2009 USACE J. Percy Priest Lake TN UNCERTAIN 2009 USACE J...Stonewall Jackson Lake WV UNCERTAIN 2009 USACE Summersville Lake WV no POC Army Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant KS no POC USACE Sutton Lake WV UNCERTAIN

  4. Repellent activities of dichloromethane extract of Allium sativum (garlic) (Liliaceae) against Hyalomma rufipes (Acari).

    PubMed

    Nchu, Felix; Magano, Solomon R; Eloff, Jacobus N

    2016-12-02

    Dichloromethane (DCM) extract of garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) bulbs was assessed for its repellent effect against the hard tick, Hyalomma rufipes (Acari: Ixodidae) using two tick behavioural bioassays; Type A and Type B repellency bioassays, under laboratory conditions. These bioassays exploit the questing behaviour of H. rufipes, a tick that in nature displays ambush strategy, seeking its host by climbing up on vegetation and attaching to a passing host. One hundred microlitres (100 µL) of the test solution containing DCM extract of garlic bulbs and DCM at concentrations of 0.35%, 0.7% or 1.4% w/v were evaluated. DCM only was used for control. Tick repellency increased significantly (R2 = 0.98) with increasing concentration (40.03% - 86.96%) yielding an EC50 of 0.45% w/v in Type B repellency bioassay. At concentration of 1.4% w/v, the DCM extract of garlic bulbs produced high repellency index of 87% (male ticks) and 87.5% (female ticks) in the Type A repellency bioassay. Only 4% avoidance of male ticks or female ticks was recorded in the Type B repellency bioassay. In the corresponding controls, the mean numbers of non-repelled male or female ticks were 80% and 41 males or 38 females of 50 ticks in the Type A and Type B repellency bioassays, respectively. The variations in the results could be attributed to the difference in tick repellent behaviours that were assessed by the two repellency bioassays; the Type A repellency bioassay assessed repellent effect of garlic extracts without discriminating between deterrence and avoidance whereas the Type B repellency bioassay only assessed avoidance response. Generally, DCM extract of garlic was repellent against H. rufipes, albeit weak tick repellency was obtained in the Type B repellency bioassay. Furthermore, this study established that the tick repellent activity of garlic extracts is predominantly by deterrence.

  5. Sodium alginate/gelatin with silica nanoparticles a novel hydrogel for 3D printing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Soni, Raghav; Roopavath, Uday Kiran; Mahanta, Urbashi; Deshpande, A. S.; Rath, S. N.

    2018-05-01

    Sodium alginate/gelatin hydrogels are promising materials for 3D bio-printing due to its good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Gelatin is used for thermal crosslinking and its cell adhesion properties. Hence patient specific sodium alginate/gelatin hydrogel scaffolds can be bio-fabricated in a temperature range of 4-14 oC. In this study we made an attempt to introduce silica (SiO2) nanoparticles in the polymer network of sodium alginate (2.5%)/gelatin (8%) hydrogel at different concentrations (w/v) as 0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. The effect of silica nanoparticles on viscosity, swelling behavior, and degradation rate are analyzed. Hydrogels with 5% silica nanoparticles show significantly less swelling and degradation when compared to other concentrations. The viscosity of the hydrogels gradually increases up to 5% addition of silica nanoparticles enhancing the stability of 3D printed structures.

  6. 38 CFR 8a.4 - Coverage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....4 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS VETERANS MORTGAGE LIFE INSURANCE § 8a.4 Coverage. (a) The amount of VMLI in force on his or her life at any one time shall be... on the life of the veteran shall remain at a constant level until the principal amount of the...

  7. Production and purification of a protease, a chitosanase, and chitin oligosaccharides by Bacillus cereus TKU022 fermentation.

    PubMed

    Liang, Tzu-Wen; Hsieh, Jia-Lin; Wang, San-Lang

    2012-11-15

    A protease- and chitosanase-producing strain was isolated and identified as Bacillus cereus TKU022. The protease and chitosanase were both produced using 1.5% (w/v) shrimp head powder (SHP) as the sole carbon/nitrogen source, and these enzymes were purified from the culture supernatant. The molecular masses of the TKU022 protease and chitosanase determined using SDS-PAGE were approximately 45 and 44kDa, respectively. The high stability of the TKU022 protease toward surfactants, an optimal pH of 10 and an optimal temperature of 50-60°C suggest that this high-alkaline protease has potential applications for various industrial processes. Concomitant with the production of the TKU022 chitosanase, N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides were also observed in the culture supernatant, including (GlcNAc)(2), (GlcNAc)(4), (GlcNAc)(5), and (GlcNAc)(6) at concentrations of 201.5, 12.4, 0.5, and 0.3μg/mL, respectively, as determined using an HPLC analysis. The chitin oligosaccharides products were also characterized using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. A combination of the HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS results showed that the chitin oligosaccharides of the TKU022 culture supernatant comprise oligomers with degree of polymerization (DP) from 2 to 6. Using this method, the production of a protease, a chitosanase, and chitin oligosaccharides may be useful for various industrial and biological applications. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. A pH/enzyme-responsive polymer film consisting of Eudragit FS 30 D and arabinoxylane as a potential material formulation for colon-specific drug delivery system.

    PubMed

    Rabito, Mirela Fulgencio; Reis, Adriano Valim; Freitas, Adonilson dos Reis; Tambourgi, Elias Basile; Cavalcanti, Osvaldo Albuquerque

    2012-01-01

    Polymer film based on pH-dependent Eudragit FS 30 D acrylic polymer in association with arabinoxylane, a polysaccharide issued from gum psyllium, was produced by way of solvent casting. Physical-chemical characterization of the polymer film samples was performed by means of thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, water-equilibrium swelling index (I(s)) and weight loss of the films in KCl buffer solution of pH 1.2, in KH(2)PO(4) buffer solution of pH 5.0, or in KH(2)PO(4) buffer solution of pH 5.0 consisting of 4% enzyme Pectinex 3X-L (w/v) were also carried out for the film characterization. No chemical interactions between the Eudragit FS 30 D and the arabinoxylane polymer chains were evidenced, thus suggesting that the film-forming polymer structure was obtained from a physical mixture of both polymers. The arabinoxylane-loader films showed a more pronounced weight loss after their immersion in buffer solution containing enzyme Pectinex 3X-L. The introduction of the arabinoxylane makes the film more susceptible to undergo an enzymatic degradation. This meant that the enzyme-dependent propriety issued from the arabinoxylane has been imprinted into the film formulation. This type of polymer film is an interesting system for applications in colon-specific drug delivery system.

  9. Pegylation of Magnetically Oriented Lipid Bilayers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    King, Valencia; Parker, Margaret; Howard, Kathleen P.

    2000-01-01

    We report NMR data for magnetically oriented phospholipid bilayers which have been doped with a lipid derivatized with a polyethylene glycol polymer headgroup to stabilize samples against aggregation. 13C, 31P, and 2H NMR data indicate that the incorporation of PEG2000-PE (1% molar to DMPC) does not interfere with the orientation properties of bicelles prepared at 25% w/v with or without the presence of lanthanide. Bicelles prepared at 10% w/v are also shown to orient when PEG2000-PE is added. The addition of PEG2000-PE to cholesterol-containing, lanthanide-flipped bicelles is shown to inhibit sample phase separation and improve spectral quality. Furthermore, the addition of PEG2000-PE to high w/v bicelles (40% w/v) is demonstrated to lead to an increase in overall sample order.

  10. MS4a4B, a CD20 homologue in T cells, inhibits T cell propagation by modulation of cell cycle.

    PubMed

    Xu, Hui; Yan, Yaping; Williams, Mark S; Carey, Gregory B; Yang, Jingxian; Li, Hongmei; Zhang, Guang-Xian; Rostami, Abdolmohamad

    2010-11-01

    MS4a4B, a CD20 homologue in T cells, is a novel member of the MS4A gene family in mice. The MS4A family includes CD20, FcεRIβ, HTm4 and at least 26 novel members that are characterized by their structural features: with four membrane-spanning domains, two extracellular domains and two cytoplasmic regions. CD20, FcεRIβ and HTm4 have been found to function in B cells, mast cells and hematopoietic cells respectively. However, little is known about the function of MS4a4B in T cell regulation. We demonstrate here that MS4a4B negatively regulates mouse T cell proliferation. MS4a4B is highly expressed in primary T cells, natural killer cells (NK) and some T cell lines. But its expression in all malignant T cells, including thymoma and T hybridoma tested, was silenced. Interestingly, its expression was regulated during T cell activation. Viral vector-driven overexpression of MS4a4B in primary T cells and EL4 thymoma cells reduced cell proliferation. In contrast, knockdown of MS4a4B accelerated T cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis showed that MS4a4B regulated T cell proliferation by inhibiting entry of the cells into S-G2/M phase. MS4a4B-mediated inhibition of cell cycle was correlated with upregulation of Cdk inhibitory proteins and decreased levels of Cdk2 activity, subsequently leading to inhibition of cell cycle progression. Our data indicate that MS4a4B negatively regulates T cell proliferation. MS4a4B, therefore, may serve as a modulator in the negative-feedback regulatory loop of activated T cells.

  11. Comparison of UAV and WorldView-2 imagery for mapping leaf area index of mangrove forest

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tian, Jinyan; Wang, Le; Li, Xiaojuan; Gong, Huili; Shi, Chen; Zhong, Ruofei; Liu, Xiaomeng

    2017-09-01

    Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing has opened the door to new sources of data to effectively characterize vegetation metrics at very high spatial resolution and at flexible revisit frequencies. Successful estimation of the leaf area index (LAI) in precision agriculture with a UAV image has been reported in several studies. However, in most forests, the challenges associated with the interference from a complex background and a variety of vegetation species have hindered research using UAV images. To the best of our knowledge, very few studies have mapped the forest LAI with a UAV image. In addition, the drawbacks and advantages of estimating the forest LAI with UAV and satellite images at high spatial resolution remain a knowledge gap in existing literature. Therefore, this paper aims to map LAI in a mangrove forest with a complex background and a variety of vegetation species using a UAV image and compare it with a WorldView-2 image (WV2). In this study, three representative NDVIs, average NDVI (AvNDVI), vegetated specific NDVI (VsNDVI), and scaled NDVI (ScNDVI), were acquired with UAV and WV2 to predict the plot level (10 × 10 m) LAI. The results showed that AvNDVI achieved the highest accuracy for WV2 (R2 = 0.778, RMSE = 0.424), whereas ScNDVI obtained the optimal accuracy for UAV (R2 = 0.817, RMSE = 0.423). In addition, an overall comparison results of the WV2 and UAV derived LAIs indicated that UAV obtained a better accuracy than WV2 in the plots that were covered with homogeneous mangrove species or in the low LAI plots, which was because UAV can effectively eliminate the influence from the background and the vegetation species owing to its high spatial resolution. However, WV2 obtained a slightly higher accuracy than UAV in the plots covered with a variety of mangrove species, which was because the UAV sensor provides a negative spectral response function(SRF) than WV2 in terms of the mangrove LAI estimation.

  12. A widefield fluorescence microscope with a linear image sensor for image cytometry of biospecimens: Considerations for image quality optimization

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hutcheson, Joshua A.; Majid, Aneeka A.; Powless, Amy J.

    Linear image sensors have been widely used in numerous research and industry applications to provide continuous imaging of moving objects. Here, we present a widefield fluorescence microscope with a linear image sensor used to image translating objects for image cytometry. First, a calibration curve was characterized for a custom microfluidic chamber over a span of volumetric pump rates. Image data were also acquired using 15 μm fluorescent polystyrene spheres on a slide with a motorized translation stage in order to match linear translation speed with line exposure periods to preserve the image aspect ratio. Aspect ratios were then calculated aftermore » imaging to ensure quality control of image data. Fluorescent beads were imaged in suspension flowing through the microfluidics chamber being pumped by a mechanical syringe pump at 16 μl min{sup −1} with a line exposure period of 150 μs. The line period was selected to acquire images of fluorescent beads with a 40 dB signal-to-background ratio. A motorized translation stage was then used to transport conventional glass slides of stained cellular biospecimens. Whole blood collected from healthy volunteers was stained with 0.02% (w/v) proflavine hemisulfate was imaged to highlight leukocyte morphology with a 1.56 mm × 1.28 mm field of view (1540 ms total acquisition time). Oral squamous cells were also collected from healthy volunteers and stained with 0.01% (w/v) proflavine hemisulfate to demonstrate quantifiable subcellular features and an average nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio of 0.03 (n = 75), with a resolution of 0.31 μm pixels{sup −1}.« less

  13. Mapping the involvement of BA 4a and 4p during Motor Imagery.

    PubMed

    Sharma, Nikhil; Jones, P S; Carpenter, T A; Baron, Jean-Claude

    2008-05-15

    Motor Imagery (MI) is an attractive but intriguing means to access the motor network. There are marked inconsistencies in the functional imaging literature regarding the degree, extent and distribution of the primary motor cortex (BA 4) involvement during MI as compared to Executed Movement (EM), which may in part be related to the diverse role of BA 4 and its two subdivisions (i.e., 4a and 4p) in motor processes as well as to methodological issues. Here we used fMRI with monitoring of compliance to show that in healthy volunteers optimally screened for their ability to perform MI the contralateral BA 4 is involved during MI of a finger opposition sequence (2, 3, 4, 5; paced at 1 Hz), albeit less than during EM of the same sequence, and in a location sparing the hand area. Furthermore, both 4a and 4p subdivisions were found to be involved in MI, but the relative involvement of BA 4p appeared more robust and closer to that seen with EM. We suggest that during MI the role of BA 4 and its subdivisions may be non-executive, perhaps related to spatial encoding, though clearly further studies are needed. Finally, we report a similar hemispheric activation balance within BA 4 with both tasks, which extends the commonalities between EM and MI.

  14. 33 CFR Appendix A to Part 173 - Issuing Authorities and Reporting Authorities

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Carolina—NC. North Dakota—ND. Northern Mariana Islands—CM. Ohio—OH. Oklahoma—OK. Oregon—OR. Pennsylvania—PA. Puerto Rico—PR. Rhode Island—RI. South Carolina—SC. South Dakota—SD. Tennessee—TN. Texas—TX. Utah—UT. Vermont—VT. Virginia—VA. Virgin Islands—VI. Washington—WN. West Virginia—WV. Wisconsin—WS. Wyoming—WY. (b...

  15. 33 CFR Appendix A to Part 173 - Issuing Authorities and Reporting Authorities

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Carolina—NC. North Dakota—ND. Northern Mariana Islands—CM. Ohio—OH. Oklahoma—OK. Oregon—OR. Pennsylvania—PA. Puerto Rico—PR. Rhode Island—RI. South Carolina—SC. South Dakota—SD. Tennessee—TN. Texas—TX. Utah—UT. Vermont—VT. Virginia—VA. Virgin Islands—VI. Washington—WN. West Virginia—WV. Wisconsin—WS. Wyoming—WY. (b...

  16. 33 CFR Appendix A to Part 173 - Issuing Authorities and Reporting Authorities

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Carolina—NC. North Dakota—ND. Northern Mariana Islands—CM. Ohio—OH. Oklahoma—OK. Oregon—OR. Pennsylvania—PA. Puerto Rico—PR. Rhode Island—RI. South Carolina—SC. South Dakota—SD. Tennessee—TN. Texas—TX. Utah—UT. Vermont—VT. Virginia—VA. Virgin Islands—VI. Washington—WN. West Virginia—WV. Wisconsin—WS. Wyoming—WY. (b...

  17. 33 CFR Appendix A to Part 173 - Issuing Authorities and Reporting Authorities

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Carolina—NC. North Dakota—ND. Northern Mariana Islands—CM. Ohio—OH. Oklahoma—OK. Oregon—OR. Pennsylvania—PA. Puerto Rico—PR. Rhode Island—RI. South Carolina—SC. South Dakota—SD. Tennessee—TN. Texas—TX. Utah—UT. Vermont—VT. Virginia—VA. Virgin Islands—VI. Washington—WN. West Virginia—WV. Wisconsin—WS. Wyoming—WY. (b...

  18. Perspectives on Obesity and Its Treatment: Health Care Providers and the General Public in Rural West Virginia and Urban Baltimore

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Menez, Steven; Cheskin, Lawrence; Geller, Gail

    2013-01-01

    Objective: To determine and compare the perspectives of the general public and health care providers (HCPs) on obesity and its treatment in rural West Virginia (WV) and Baltimore, MD. Method: Surveys were completed in both locations by the general public (WV: "n" = 200; Baltimore: "n" = 171) and HCPs (WV: "n" = 25;…

  19. View northwest, overview of building group: chicken house (HABS No. ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    View northwest, overview of building group: chicken house (HABS No. WV-267-D), wash house (267-C), Albert Thacker House (267-A), coal house (267-B) (left to right in photograph) - 3249 Cyrus Road (House), Cyrus, Wayne County, WV

  20. 14. Credit PED. Downstream elevation, near completion, showing tail race ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    14. Credit PED. Downstream elevation, near completion, showing tail race and trestle used to carry excavated rock and construction materials across tail race. Photo c. 1909. - Dam No. 4 Hydroelectric Plant, Potomac River, Martinsburg, Berkeley County, WV