-2003.[9] There are two other important task group reports on brachytherapy, TG-56 and TG-64. TG-56 outlines a code to Technical Notes unless they contain significant new science.[5] The AAPM recommended that dosimetry results entails.[7] The American Association of Physicist in Medicine (AAPM) ...

Recent preclinical and clinical studies indicate that irradiation using ionizing radiation in the dose range of 15 to 30 Gy may reduce the occurrence of restenosis in patients who have undergone an angioplasty. Several delivery systems of intravascular brachytherapy have been developed to deliver radiation doses in this range with minimal normal tissue toxicity. In late 1995 the American ...

Since publication of the 2004 update to the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group No. 43 Report (TG-43U1), several new low-energy photon-emitting brachytherapy sources have become available. Many of these sources have satisfied the AAPM prerequisites for routine clinical use as of January ...

Task Group 6 of the Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging Committee of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) was appointed to develop performance standards for diagnostic x-ray exposure meters. The recommendations as approved by the Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging Committee and the Science Council of the AAPM are ...

A comprehensive Code of Ethics for the members of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) is presented as the report of Task Group 109 which consolidates previous AAPM ethics policies into a unified document. The membership of the AAPM is increasingly diverse. Prior existing ...

The transfer of radiation therapy data among the various subsystems required for external beam treatments is subject to error. Hence, the establishment and management of a data transfer quality assurance program is strongly recommended. It should cover the QA of data transfers of patient specific treatments, imaging data, manually handled data and historical treatment records. QA of the database ...

Task Group 154 (TG154) of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) was created to produce a guidance document for clinical medical physicists describing recommended quality assurance (QA) procedures for ultrasound (U.S.)-guided external beam radiotherapy localization. This report describes the relevant literature, ...

The AAPM Low Energy Brachytherapy Source Calibration Working Group was formed to investigate and recommend quality control and quality assurance procedures for brachytherapy sources prior to clinical use. Compiling and clarifying recommendations established by previous AAPM Task Groups 40, 56, ...

approach, the TomoTherapy system is based on the helical MV fan beam(23,24) . Although the radiation dose�61 (2006). 23. Mackie, T. R. History of tomotherapy. Phys. Med. Biol. 51, 427�453 (2006). 24. Langen, K. M

Implementation of the AAPM Task Group 43 dosimetric formalism for 192Ir wires used as interstitial sources in low dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy applications is investigated. Geometry factors, dose-rate constant values, radial dose functions, and anisotropy functions, utilized in this formalism, were calculated for various lengths of ...

The Fully Integrated Real-time Seed Treatment (FIRST) system by Nucletron has been available in Europe since November 2001 and is being used more and more in Canada and the United States. Like the conventional transrectal ultrasound implant procedure, the FIRST system utilizes an ultrasound probe, needles, and brachytherapy seeds. However, this system is unique in that it (1) utilizes a ...

Since the publication of AAPM Task Group 60 report in 1999, a considerable amount of dosimetry data for the three coronary brachytherapy systems in use in the United States has been reported. A subgroup, Task Group 149, of the AAPM working group on ...

This document is the report of a task group of the AAPM and has been prepared primarily to advise medical physicists involved in the external-beam radiation therapy of patients with thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic tumors affected by respiratory motion. This report describes the magnitude of respiratory motion, discusses radiotherapy ...

Using a Farmer chamber as a reference dosimeter, we have measured the Ngas (cavity-gas calibration factor) and Prepl (replacement correction factor) values for four parallel-plate chambers: a Holt chamber, a Capintec chamber, a Markus chamber, and an SHM chamber. Ngas determinations were done primarily using 60Co photons and nominal 18-MeV electrons for Ngas determinations. For Prepl ...

Using a Farmer chamber as a reference dosimeter, we have measured the Ngas (cavity-gas calibration factor) and Prepl (replacement correction factor) values for four parallel-plate chambers: a Holt chamber, a Capintec chamber, a Markus chamber, and an SHM chamber. Ngas determinations were done primarily using /sup 60/Co photons and nominal 18-MeV electrons for Ngas determinations. For Prepl ...

Using the AAPM Task Group 21 protocol, photon and electron doses were compared in polystyrene and acrylic phantoms. The ionization chambers used were a Farmer graphite chamber, a PTW acrylic chamber, a homemade polystyrene chamber, and an Exradin air-equivalent chamber, all being of cylindrical type. A Memorial parallel-plate ...

This report is an extension of the 1983 AAPM protocol, popularly known as the TG-21 Protocol. It deals with the calibration of plane-parallel ionization chambers and their use in calibrating therapy electron beams. A hierarchy of methods is presented. The first is to calibrate the plane-parallel chamber in a high energy electron beam against a cylindrical chamber which has an ...

In March 2004, the recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) on the interstitial brachytherapy dosimetry using 125I and 103Pd were reported in Medical Physics [TG-43 Update: Rivard et al., 31, 633-674 (2004)]. These recommendations include some minor changes in the dose-calculation formalism and a major update of the dosimetry parameters for ...

Helical tomotherapy is a relatively new modality with integrated treatment planning and delivery hardware for radiation therapy treatments. In view of the uniqueness of the hardware design of the helical tomotherapy unit and its implications in routine quality assurance, the Therapy Physics Committee of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine commissioned Task ...

The recently published AAPM Task Group 21 protocol for high-energy dosimetry is complicated in that it requires the physicist to obtain the values of about a dozen different physical variables by looking them up in tables or graphs. This should be compared with the procedure of earlier protocols using the concept of a single multiplier ...

The recently published AAPM Task Group 21 protocol for high-energy dosimetry is complicated in that it requires the physicist to obtain the values of about a dozen different physical variables by looking them up in tables or graphs. This should be compared with the procedure of earlier protocols using the concept of a single multiplier ...

The purpose of this study is to find fitted functional forms to the anisotropy function, F(r, theta), and the radial dose function, g(r), in order to characterize dose-rate distributions around all the high-intensity 192Ir sources currently in use. Dosimetry data are at present available as tables for: the microSelectron HDR ("classic" and "new" design models), the PDR source, and the VariSource ...

The goal of Task Group 25 (TG-25) of the Radiation Therapy Committee of the American Association of.Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) was to provide a methodology and set of procedures for a medical physicist performing clinical electron beam dosimetry in the nominal energy range of 5-25 MeV. Specifically, the task ...

The major feature that separates stereotactic radiation therapy (cranial SRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) from conventional radiation treatment is the delivery of large doses in a few fractions which results in a high biological effective dose (BED). In order to minimize the normal tissue toxicity, quality assurance of the conformation of high doses to the target and rapid fall ...

Medical products (devices, drugs, or biologics) contain information in their labeling regarding the manner in which the manufacturer has determined that the products can be used in a safe and effective manner. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves medical products for use for these specific indications which are part of the medical product's labeling. When medical products are used in a ...

A dosimetric study of a 103Pd seed for permanent interstitial brachytherapy, the Theragenics Corporation Model 200 (TheraSeed), has been undertaken utilizing Monte Carlo photon-transport (MCPT) simulations. All dosimetric quantities recommended by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 43 (TG-43) [Med. ...

Recent standards and upcoming guidelines are beginning to address the issue of image display quality, and image representation consistency. The DICOM standard has recently been extended to address the consistency of the grayscale presentation of images (DICOM part 14, Grayscale Standard Display Function), and it also addresses the consistency of presentation of associated information (text, ...

Using a Farmer chamber as a reference dosimeter, we have measured the N/sub gas/ (cavity-gas calibration factor) and P/sub repl/ (replacement correction factor) values for four parallel-plate chambers: (1) a Holt chamber, (2) a Capintec chamber, (3) a Markus chamber, and (4) an SHM chamber. N/sub gas/ determinations were done primarily using /sup 60/Co photons and nominal 18-MeV electrons for ...

The dosimetry parameters of the IRH10 (192)Ir high dose rate brachytherapy source were obtained from the dose calculation formalism recommended in the AAPM Task Group No. 43 report using the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE. The absorbed doses to water and air originating from the photons of the IRH10 (192)Ir brachytherapy source were ...

Brachytherapy dosimetry parameters for MED3631-A/M 125I sources have been determined in accordance with the AAPM Task Group No. 43 (TG-43) dosimetry protocol. These data were calculated using the *F8 tally from the MCNP4B2 Monte Carlo radiation transport code with the DLC-189 cross-section libraries. Due to motion of the 125I resin ...

Dose calculations to patients undergoing implantation of 125I interstitial brachytherapy sources are affected by two recent changes in low-energy seed dosimetry: (a) implantation of a new primary air-kerma strength standard at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on 1 January 1999 and (b) publication of revised dose-rate distributions in AAPM's ...

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 43 report, AAPM TG-43, provides an analytical model and a dosimetry protocol for brachytherapy dose calculations, as well as documentation and results for some sealed sources. The radionuclide {sup 198}Au (T{sub 1/2} = 2.70 days, E{gamma} = 412 keV) has been used in the form ...

Ir-192 wires have been used in low-dose-rate brachytherapy for many years. Commercially available treatment planning systems approximate the dose rate distribution of the straight or curved wires applying the superposition principle using one of the following methods: (i) The wire is modeled as a set of point sources, (ii) the wire is modeled as a set of small straight segment wires, (iii) the ...

Ir-192 wires have been used in low-dose-rate brachytherapy for many years. Commercially available treatment planning systems approximate the dose rate distribution of the straight or curved wires applying the superposition principle using one of the following methods: (i) The wire is modeled as a set of point sources, (ii) the wire is modeled as a set of small straight segment wires, (iii) the ...

The task group (TG) for quality assurance for robotic radiosurgery was formed by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine's Science Council under the direction of the Radiation Therapy Committee and the Quality Assurance (QA) Subcommittee. The task group (TG-135) had three main charges: (1) To make ...

In 1995, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 43 (AAPM TG-43) published a protocol obsoleting all mixed-field radiation dosimetry for Cf-252. Recommendations for a new brachytherapy dosimetry formalism made by this Task Group favor quantification of source strength in ...

While ultrasound guided prostate brachytherapy has gained wide acceptance as a primary treatment tool for prostate cancer, quality assurance of the ultrasound guidance system has received very little attention. Task Group 128 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine was created to address quality assurance requirements specific to transrectal ...

This report addresses uncertainties pertaining to brachytherapy single-source dosimetry preceding clinical use. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Technical Note 1297 are taken as reference standards for uncertainty formalism. Uncertainties in using ...

Many tasks in different sectors of dosimetry are very complex and highly sensitive to changes in the radiation field. Often, only the simulation of radiation transport is capable of describing the radiation field completely. Down to sub-cellular dimensions the energy deposition by cascades of secondary electrons is the main pathway for damage induction in matter. A large ...

During the past decade, permanent radioactive source implantation of the prostate has become the standard of care for selected prostate cancer patients, and the techniques for implantation have evolved in many different forms. Although most implants use ¹²⁵I or ¹⁰³Pd sources, clinical use of ¹³¹Cs sources has also recently been ...

In-house software has been developed to enable the dose distribution of a commercial treatment planning system to be verified prior to permanent trans-rectal ultrasound guided I-125 seed implantation of the prostate. Printouts enabling the required loading pattern to be communicated to other staff groups are also generated. This software can be obtained via the authors and the ...

In order to verify intensity modulated radiotherapy quality assurance procedure and to establish the practical base line commissioning, American Association of Physicists in Medicine-Task Group 119 test suite DICOM-RT images and structure were downloaded for planning and dosimetric comparison. The square slab phantom of water equivalent plastic was used ...

In many of brachytherapy procedures, a large amount of radioactive sources are used to deliver desired doses to the target volume. It is both the federal regulation recommendation (US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 10 CFR 35.432) and recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) [Kutcher et al., Med. Phys. 21, 581-618 (1994); Nath et al., Med. ...

In the present investigation, the necessary tests for implementing a quality assurance program for a commercial treatment planning system (TPS), recently installed at Sao Paulo University School of Medicine Clinicas Hospital-Brazil, was established and performed in accordance with the new IAEA publication TRS 430, and with AAPM Task ...

In the present investigation, the necessary tests for implementing a quality assurance program for a commercial treatment planning system (TPS), recently installed at Sao Paulo University School of Medicine Clinicas Hospital--Brazil, was established and performed in accordance with the new IAEA publication TRS 430, and with AAPM Task ...

The increasing complexity of modern radiation therapy planning and delivery techniques challenges traditional prescriptive quality control and quality assurance programs that ensure safety and reliability of treatment planning and delivery systems under all clinical scenarios. Until now quality management (QM) guidelines published by concerned organizations (e.g., American Association of ...

The increasing complexity of modern radiation therapy planning and delivery techniques challenges traditional prescriptive quality control and quality assurance programs that ensure safety and reliability of treatment planning and delivery systems under all clinical scenarios. Until now quality management (QM) guidelines published by concerned organizations (e.g., American Association of ...

The 252Cf neutron air kerma strength conversion factor (SKN/mCf) is a parameter needed to convert the radionuclide mass (/?g) provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory into neutron air kerma strength required by modern clinical brachytherapy dosimetry formalisms indicated by Task Group No. 43 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine ...

In this study a complete set of dosimetric data is presented for the high dose rate (HDR) source from Amersham used in the Buchler remote afterloading HDR unit. These data have been calculated by means of the Monte Carlo simulation code GEANT taking into account the detailed geometry of the source. Absolute dose rate distributions in water were calculated around this source and are presented as ...

An ytterbium-169 high dose rate brachytherapy source, distinguished by an intensity-weighted average photon energy of 92.7 keV and a 32.015 +/- 0.009 day half-life, is characterized in terms of the updated AAPM Task Group Report No. 43 specifications using the MCNP5 Monte Carlo computer code. In accordance with these specifications, ...

An ytterbium-169 high dose rate brachytherapy source, distinguished by an intensity-weighted average photon energy of 92.7 keV and a 32.015{+-}0.009 day half-life, is characterized in terms of the updated AAPM Task Group Report No. 43 specifications using the MCNP5 Monte Carlo computer code. In accordance with these specifications, the ...

The dosimetric characteristics for a new brachytherapy seed source (I-Plant{sup TM} model 3600) were measured using LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters and appropriate phantom materials in conformance with the methodology and guidance provided by the AAPM Task Group 43. The I-Plant{sup TM} model 3600 is the successor to the I-Plant{sup ...

State-of-the-art CT scanners typically display two dose indices: CT dose index (CTDI(vol) [mGy]) and dose length product (DLP [mGy-cm]) based on one of two standard CTDI phantoms (16- or 32-cm diameter) used in the calculation of CTDI(vol). CTDI(vol) represents the radiation produced by the CT scanner, not the radiation dose to an individual patient. Pediatric radiologists, aware of this ...

In this study version 5 of the MCNP photon transport simulation was used to calculate the dosimetric parameters for new palladium brachytherapy source design following AAPM Task Group No. 43U1 report. The internal source components include four resin beads of 0.6�mm diameters with (103)Pd uniformly absorbed inside and one cylindrical ...

The Monte Carlo method enables accurate dose calculation for radiation therapy treatment planning and has been implemented in some commercial treatment planning systems. Unlike conventional dose calculation algorithms that provide patient dose information in terms of dose to water with variable electron density, the Monte Carlo method calculates the energy deposition in different media and ...

The Monte Carlo method enables accurate dose calculation for radiation therapy treatment planning and has been implemented in some commercial treatment planning systems. Unlike conventional dose calculation algorithms that provide patient dose information in terms of dose to water with variable electron density, the Monte Carlo method calculates the energy deposition in different media and ...

A new brachytherapy (125)I source has been investigated at Iranian Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School. Dosimetric characteristics [dose-rate constant ?, radial dose function g(l)(r) and anisotropy function F(r,)] of IRA-(125)I were theoretically determined in terms of the updated AAPM task group 43 (TG-43U1) ...

The biological implications of Auger electron cascades following inner shell ionization of atoms have been of interest for over 25 years. By virtue of their decay via orbital electron capture and/or internal conversion, several biomedical radionuclides emit numerous low-energy electrons spontaneously. The biological effects of such radionuclides incorporated into tissues cannot be predicted a ...

AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 25 has recently outlined a protocol for the determination of relative dose curves for electron beams [Med. Phys. 18, 73-109 (1991)]. We have performed an evaluation of this protocol by comparing the central axis depth dose curves determined from measurements using two different ionization ...

A fast dosimetry system based on plastic scintillator detectors has been developed which allows three-dimensional measurement of the radiation field in water of beta-sources appropriate for application in cardiovascular brachytherapy. This system fulfills the AAPM Task Group 60 recommendations for dosimetry of cardiovascular ...

The task group (TG) for quality assurance of medical accelerators was constituted by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine's Science Council under the direction of the Radiation Therapy Committee and the Quality Assurance and Outcome Improvement Subcommittee. The task group (TG-142) had two main ...

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This report summarizes the consensus findings and recommendations emerging from 2007 Symposium, "Quality Assurance of Radiation Therapy: Challenges of Advanced Technology." The Symposium was held in Dallas February 20-22, 2007. The 3-day program, which was sponsored jointly by the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO), American Association of Physicists in Medicine ...

This report summarizes the consensus findings and recommendations emerging from 2007 Symposium, 'Quality Assurance of Radiation Therapy: Challenges of Advanced Technology.' The Symposium was held in Dallas February 20-22, 2007. The 3-day program, which was sponsored jointly by the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO), American Association of Physicists ...

Appendix C. Organization Charts. Space Task Group - August 1959. Space Task Group - August 1959. Space Task Group - September 26, 1960 ...

TG-69 is a task group report of the AAPM on the use of radiographic film for dosimetry. Radiographic films have been used for radiation dosimetry since the discovery of x-rays and have become an integral part of dose verification for both routine quality assurance and for complex treatments such as soft wedges (dynamic and virtual), ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the dosimetric parameters of the AgX100, a new (125)I brachytherapy seed model, using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations according to the protocol specified by the updated American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group No. 43 Report (TG-43U1) and compare these parameters with those of the established ...

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) poses a number of challenges for properly measuring commissioning data and quality assurance (QA) radiation dose distributions. This report provides a comprehensive overview of how dosimeters, phantoms, and dose distribution analysis techniques should be used to support the commissioning and quality assurance requirements of an IMRT program. The proper ...

The requirement of an independent verification of the monitor units (MU) or time calculated to deliver the prescribed dose to a patient has been a mainstay of radiation oncology quality assurance. The need for and value of such a verification was obvious when calculations were performed by hand using look-up tables, and the verification was achieved by a second person independently repeating the ...

The Group Task Force was chartered by the Administrator of NASA to recommend 'a policy outlining the

Radiographic image guidance has emerged as the new paradigm for patient positioning, target localization, and external beam alignment in radiotherapy. Although widely varied in modality and method, all radiographic guidance techniques have one thing in common--they can give a significant radiation dose to the patient. As with all medical uses of ionizing radiation, the general view is that this ...

Radiographic image guidance has emerged as the new paradigm for patient positioning, target localization, and external beam alignment in radiotherapy. Although widely varied in modality and method, all radiographic guidance techniques have one thing in common--they can give a significant radiation dose to the patient. As with all medical uses of ionizing radiation, the general view is that this ...

... Financial support for this research was provided by the Office ... broad groupings of task functions, group functions, and individual ... The task grouping ...

A linac manufacturer has recommended that users measure virtual wedge (VW) angle and VW factor as a weekly quality assurance (QA) procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a 2D diode detector array (MapCHECK�) is a useful tool for the verification of dosimetric data for VW. Measurements were performed on 2 linear accelerators (4, 6, and 10 MV) at 10-cm depth for a field ...

The Monte Carlo (MC) method has been shown through many research studies to calculate accurate dose distributions for clinical radiotherapy, particularly in heterogeneous patient tissues where the effects of electron transport cannot be accurately handled with conventional, deterministic dose algorithms. Despite its proven accuracy and the potential for improved dose distributions to influence ...

The concept of in-air output ratio (Sc) was introduced to characterize how the incident photon fluence per monitor unit (or unit time for a Co-60 unit) varies with collimator settings. However, there has been much confusion regarding the measurement technique to be used that has prevented the accurate and consistent determination of Sc. The main thrust of the report is to devise a theoretical and ...

Helical tomotherapy has been developed at the University of Wisconsin, and 'Hi-Art II' clinical machines are now commercially manufactured. At the core of each machine lies a ring-gantry-mounted short linear accelerator which generates x-rays that are collimated into a fan beam of intensity-modulated radiation by a binary multileaf, the modulation being variable with gantry angle. Patients are ...

Beams of protons have been used for radiation therapy applications for over 40 years. In the last decade the number of facilities treating patients and the total number of patients being treated has begun go grow rapidly. Due to the limited and experimental nature of the early programs, dosimetry protocols tended to be locally defined. With the publication of the AAPM ...

Examination of neutron dosimetry for 252Cf has been conducted using calculative and experimental means. Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) transport code was used in a distributed computing environment as a parallel virtual machine (PVM) to determine the absorbed neutron dose and neutron energy spectrum from 252Cf in a variety of clinically relevant materials. Herein, a Maxwellian spectrum was used to ...

A dosimetric study of a new 125I seed for permanent prostate implant, the Symmetra 1251 Seed model I25.S06, has been undertaken utilizing Monte Carlo photon transport calculations. All dosimetric quantities recommended by the AAPM Task Group 43 (TG-43) report have been calculated. Quantities determined are dose rate constant, radial ...

This article presents a brachytherapy source having {sup 103}Pd adsorbed onto a cylindrical silver rod that has been developed by the Agricultural, Medical, and Industrial Research School for permanent implant applications. Dosimetric characteristics (radial dose function, anisotropy function, and anisotropy factor) of this source were experimentally and theoretically determined in terms of the ...

Basic dosimetric data for the Walstam CDC.K-type low dose rate 137Cs sources in water have been calculated using Monte Carlo techniques. These sources, CDC.K1-K3 and CDC.K4, are widely used in a range of applicators and moulds for the treatment of intracavitary and superficial cancers. Our purpose is to improve existing data about these sources using the Monte Carlo simulation code GEANT3. ...

Monte Carlo simulation and experimental thermoluminescence dosimetry were utilized for the dosimetric characterization of the new IsoSeed model I25.S17 125I interstitial brachytherapy seed. The new seed design is similar to that of the selectSeed and 6711 seeds, with the exception of its molybdenum marker. Full dosimetric data are presented following the recommendations in the Update of the ...

This work presents a brachytherapy source having (103)Pd adsorbed onto a cylindrical silver rod that has been developed by Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School for permanent implant applications. Dosimetric characteristics (dose-rate constant, radial dose function, anisotropy function and anisotropy factor) of this source were experimentally and theoretically determined in terms of ...

To design and implement a set of quality assurance tests for an innovative 3D volumetric display for radiation treatment planning applications. A genuine 3D display (Perspecta Spatial 3D, Actuality-Systems Inc., Bedford, MA) has been integrated with the Pinnacle TPS (Philips Medical Systems, Madison WI), for treatment planning. The Perspecta 3D display renders a 25 cm diameter volume that is ...

Digital radiographic imaging systems, such as those using photostimulable storage phosphor, amorphous selenium, amorphous silicon, CCD, and MOSFET technology, can produce adequate image quality over a much broader range of exposure levels than that of screen/film imaging systems. In screen/film imaging, the final image brightness and contrast are indicative of over- and underexposure. In digital ...

No accepted official protocol exists for the dosimetry of the Leksell Gamma Knife (GK) stereotactic radiosurgery device. Establishment of a dosimetry protocol has been complicated by the unique partial-hemisphere arrangement of 201 individual 60Co beams simultaneously focused on the treatment volume and by the rigid geometry of the GK unit itself. This article proposes an air kerma based dosimetry ...

For commissioning a linear accelerator for clinical use, medical physicists are faced with many challenges including the need for precision, a variety of testing methods, data validation, the lack of standards, and time constraints. Since commissioning beam data are treated as a reference and ultimately used by treatment planning systems, it is vitally important that the collected data are of the ...

For commissioning a linear accelerator for clinical use, medical physicists are faced with many challenges including the need for precision, a variety of testing methods, data validation, the lack of standards, and time constraints. Since commissioning beam data are treated as a reference and ultimately used by treatment planning systems, it is vitally important that the collected data are of the ...

The shielding of positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT (computed tomography) facilities presents special challenges. The 0.511 MeV annihilation photons associated with positron decay are much higher energy than other diagnostic radiations. As a result, barrier shielding may be required in floors and ceilings as well as adjacent walls. Since the patient becomes the radioactive source after ...

The shielding of positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT (computed tomography) facilities presents special challenges. The 0.511 MeV annihilation photons associated with positron decay are much higher energy than other diagnostic radiations. As a result, barrier shielding may be required in floors and ceilings as well as adjacent walls. Since the patient becomes the radioactive source after ...

A Monte Carlo-based procedure has been developed to assess the shielded fetal doses from 6 MV external photon beam radiation treatments and improve upon existing techniques that are based on AAPM Task Group Report 36 (TG-36). Anatomically realistic models of the pregnant patient representing 3- and 6-mo gestational stages were ...

A Monte Carlo-based procedure to assess fetal doses from 6-MV external photon beam radiation treatments has been developed to improve upon existing techniques that are based on AAPM Task Group Report 36 published in 1995 [M. Stovall et al., Med. Phys. 22, 63�82 (1995)]. Anatomically realistic models of the pregnant patient ...

A Monte Carlo-based procedure to assess fetal doses from 6-MV external photon beam radiation treatments has been developed to improve upon existing techniques that are based on AAPM Task Group Report 36 published in 1995 [M. Stovall et al., Med. Phys. 22, 63-82 (1995)]. Anatomically realistic models of the pregnant patient representing ...

Standard algorithms for postimplant analysis of transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy (TIPPB) are based on AAPM Task Group 43 formalism (TG-43), which makes use of a world entirely made of water. This entails an assignment of the prostate, surrounding organs at risk, as well as all brachytherapy seeds present in a ...

... Accession Number : ADA528645. Title : Human Resources Task Group. Task 1: Human Capital Transformation. Corporate ...

... Title : Human Resources Task Group Report Task 3. Corporate Author : DEFENSE BUSINESS BOARD WASHINGTON DC. Handle / proxy Url : ...

Digital imaging provides an effective means to electronically acquire, archive, distribute, and view medical images. Medical imaging display stations are an integral part of these operations. Therefore, it is vitally important to assure that electronic display devices do not compromise image quality and ultimately patient care. The AAPM Task ...

NASA today released the names of the Stafford-Covey Return to Flight Task Group (SCTG). The Task Group, initially announced by the agency on June 13, ...

Jul 25, 2003 ... NASA today released the names of the Stafford-Covey Return to Flight Task Group (SCTG). The Task Group, initially announced by the agency on ...

... (1969) and Schlesinger (1165). The table shows that the Bay of Pigs task ... Crisis task force nor was everything unfavorable for the Bay of Pigs task ...

The publication of AAPM Report No. 10 was the first attempt to standardize image formats in the medical imaging community. Since then, three other groups have formed (CART--the Scandinavian collaboration for Computer Assisted Radiation Therapy treatment planning; ACR-NEMA, a collaboration whose purpose is to formulate a standard digital interface to ...

... Title : The Effect of Handedness on a Tracking Task. ... The subjects were divided into two groups matched for handedness. ...

... Title : THE EFFECTS OF TASK ORGANIZATION AND MEMBER COMPATIBILITY ON LEADER-MEMBER RELATIONS IN SMALL GROUPS. ...

Operation REDWING was conducted at the Pacific Proving Ground during the spring and summer of 1956. The main effort of the Navy task group (Task Group 7.3) was concentrated at Bikini Atoll in support of large yield shots. The broad mission of Task Group 7...

The Task Group on Information Fusion (TgonIF) is a task group affiliated to the NATO Research Technology Organisation (RTO) / Information Systems Technology (IST) Panel. The task group is addressing the importance and difficulty of fusing the always incre...

... Accession Number : ADD318233. Title : STEAM GENERATOR GROUP PROJECT, TASK 6 - CHANNEL HEAD DECONTAMINATION. ...

... Accession Number : ADD318232. Title : STEAM GENERATOR GROUP PROJECT, TASK 10 - SECONDARY SIDE EXAMINATION. ...

... Accession Number : ADD318230. Title : STEAM GENERATOR GROUP PROJECT - TASK 8, SELECTIVE TUBE UNPLUGGING. ...

... Title : Military Postal Service Task Group. Recommendations Regarding the Military Postal System of the Department of Defense. ...

... Title : Managing Interpersonal Relations in Task Groups: A Study of Two Contrasting Strategies. Descriptive Note : Technical rept.,. ...

TASK GROUP ON THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE (IRI). Terms of Reference. " The Task Group was established to develop and improve a standard model of ...

... Accession Number : ADA524857. Title : Civilian Leadership Orientation Program Task Group. Corporate Author : DEFENSE ...

... Title : CODATA Task Group on Key Values for Thermodynamics, Tentative Set of Key Values for Thermodynamics. Part IV. ...

... Title : Business Management Modernization Program Task Group. Corporate Author : DEFENSE BUSINESS BOARD WASHINGTON DC. ...

The purpose of this study is to determine dosimetric and radiobiological predictors of biochemical control after recalculation of prostate implant dosimetry using updated AAPM Task Group 43 (TG-43) parameters and the radiobiological parameters recommended by TG-137. All biochemical failures among patients implanted with 125I Or 103Pd ...

Task Group 1: PV QA Guideline for Manufacturing Consistency Status Proposed scope Task Force 1: Reliability and durability of a PV module is a good balance between material...

for Task Group 1, individuals may contact the leader directly or request access to the website at http://pvqataskforcemanufacturingqa.pbworks.com/. To volunteer for Task Groups...

... Task 2: Human Resources IT Integration. ... Abstract : TASK: Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) Integration in DoD civilian personnel. ...

The latest multiple-detector technologies have further increased the popularity of x-ray CT as a diagnostic imaging modality. There is a continuing need to assess the potential radiation risk associated with such rapidly evolving multi-detector CT (MDCT) modalities and scanning protocols. This need can be met by the use of CT source models that are integrated with patient computational phantoms ...

The Monte Carlo (MC) method has been shown through many research studies to calculate accurate dose distributions for clinical radiotherapy, particularly in heterogeneous patient tissues where the effects of electron transport cannot be accurately handled with conventional, deterministic dose algorithms. Despite its proven accuracy and the potential for improved dose distributions to influence ...

In high-dose-rate 192Ir brachytherapy, the radiation dose received by the patient is calculated according to the AAPM Task Group 43 (TG-43) formalism. This table-based dose superposition method uses dosimetry parameters derived with the radioactive 192Ir source centered in a water phantom. It neglects the dose perturbations caused by ...

Monte Carlo simulation and experimental thermoluminescence dosimetry were utilized for the dosimetric characterization of the new IsoSeed registered model I25.S17 {sup 125}I interstitial brachytherapy seed. The new seed design is similar to that of the selectSeed and 6711 seeds, with the exception of its molybdenum marker. Full dosimetric data are presented following the recommendations in the ...

No accepted official protocol exists for the dosimetry of the Leksell Gamma KnifeRTM (GK) stereotactic radiosurgery device. Establishment of a dosimetry protocol has been complicated by the unique partial-hemisphere arrangement of 201 separate 60Co beams simultaneously focused on the treatment volume and by the rigid geometry of the GK unit itself. This paper proposes an air kerma based dosimetry ...

The purpose of this study is to examine the plan quality and monitor unit with sliding window IMRT and RapidArc (RA) treatment plans using American Association Physicists in Medicine TG119 test suite DICOM-RT images and structure sets. The structure set includes multi-target (superior, central, inferior), prostate, head and neck and C-shape. Plans were performed with Eclipse planning system using ...

Digital radiographs are currently characterized in terms of a variety of incompatible, vendor-specific dose metrics, which make it difficult for users to monitor receptor dose. AAPM Task Group #116 has been formed to "Standardize an Image Receptor Dose Index for Digital Radiography," prompting the publication of a proposed definition ...

... GROUP MEMBER ADJUSTMENT AS RELATED TO INTERPERSONAL AND TASK SUCCESS AND AFFILIATION AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVES. ...

... the group-task situation for the leader. ... group performance can then be predicted on the basis of the leader's permissive, ...

USGS Scientist to Lead National Wildfire Task Group The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG), formed in 1974 to expand operational cooperation between DO...

The control group (14) flew tasks with basic displays whereas the experimental group (15) flew tasks with the ICEPro system. The ICEPro group showed (1) ...

... MANAGEMENT, *ETHNIC GROUPS, *SOCIAL ... DATA, LEADERSHIP, GROUP DYNAMICS ... SCIENCES, CAUCASIANS, BLACKS(RACIAL GROUP). ...

This study examines whether an improved intertask coordination skill is acquired during extensive dual-task training and whether it can be transferred to a new dual-task situation. Participants practised a visual-manual task and an auditory-vocal task. These tasks were trained in two ...

The present study examined laparoscopic skill acquisition on a simulator for different sequences of open and closed loop tasks. Sixteen medical students were divided into four groups distinguished by their initial training task and subsequent transfer task. Group 1 practiced instrument ...

This article reviews the involvement of the AAPM in various aspects of radiation dosimetry over its 50 year history, emphasizing the especially important role that external beam dosimetry played in the early formation of the organization. Topics covered include the AAPM's involvement with external beam and x-ray dosimetry protocols, brachytherapy ...

The Salem County Watershed Task Force is a volunteer group of citizens formed in 1995 with the assistance of the Delaware Riverkeeper Network and the Association of ... ...

... Abstract : This study investigated whether success in interpersonal relations and success on an assigned group task were positively related to the ...

... Accession Number : ADC001996. Title : Models of Acoustic Deception and ASW Support in a Task Group Operating Area. ...

... Abstract : The Defense Business Practice Implementation Board (DBB) was tasked ... an overall assessment of the scale, scope, and leadership of the ...

... Results showed that on both tasks the American and Indian members' Esteem for Leader and Group Atmosphere ratings were positively correlated ...

... of the Boston University Residential Charter School ... of the immigrant communities volunteering to ... schools, and many community organizations and ...

... Practice Implementation Board) was tasked with examining potential ways to reduce the Department's exposure to fuel price volatility by hedging in ...

... from psychiatry and clinical psychology, and a ... These tasks involve training, assisting, and serving ... Typical groups involved in Social tasks include ...

Digital imaging provides an effective means to electronically acquire, archive, distribute, and view medical images. Medical imaging display stations are an integral part of these operations. Therefore, it is vitally important to assure that electronic display devices do not compromise image quality and ultimately patient care. The AAPM Task ...

... 11 TITLE (Include Security Classification) Tasking and Communication ... To think of the F/A-18D in ... on intra-group communication and tasking within ...

Persons or groups assigned to certain tasks are typically required to follow institutionally originated rules of action or constraints that limit the range of their task behavior. Ordinarily these procedural rules are based on general experience with the ...

... dum had as its purpose the welding into a combat unit all the various occu- ... a. Joint Task Force and Task Group command posts wmere estaolished ...

Planning and scheduling systems organize tasks into a timeline or schedule. Tasks are logically grouped into containers called models. Models are a collection of related tasks, along with their dependencies and requirements, that when met will produce the...

IEA Task 21 The Windows and Daylighting Group represents the U.S. on International Energy Agency Task 21: Daylight in Buildings http://www.iea-shc.org/. The products of this...

The California Oak Mortality Task Force (COMTF) is a non-profit group working to manage Sudden Oak Death in California. The resulting Task Force is a consensus- ... ...

... Task Group Report on Tooth-to-Tail Analysis Report FY08-2 ... Page 15. Draft Internal Working Document Task Group on Tooth-to-Tail ...

This DBB Task Group was formed to support efforts by the Department of Defense (DoD) as expressed in the Quadrennial Defense review to 'compress the supply chain and improve readiness for major weapon systems and commodities.' Specifically, the Task Group...

... Group of the Klamath River Basin Fisheries Task Force This publication is not available online. Please contact ... Group of the Klamath River Basin Fisheries Task Forc...

The AAPM, through its members, meetings, and its flagship journal Medical Physics, has played an important role in the development and growth of x-ray tomography in the last 50 years. From a spate of early articles in the 1970s characterizing the first commercial computed tomography (CT) scanners through the ''slice wars'' of the 1990s and ...

... Accession Number : ADA525735. Title : Working Capital Fund Task Group. Corporate Author : DEFENSE BUSINESS BOARD WASHINGTON DC. ...

... Title : The Effects of Job Enrichment and Group/Individual Task Structure on Productivity, Quality, and Job Satisfaction. A Laboratory Experiment. ...

... a large number of Hispanic-American students. ... companies� reiterated to the Task Group that the ... sector can offer special financial inducements to ...

... Accession Number : ADA525733. Title : Task Group on Increasing Diversity in DOD's Flag and Senior Executive Ranks. ...

... Accession Number : ADD124004. Title : Task Group Report: Results of Interlaboratory Test Programs to Evaluate the Dynamic Tear Test Method,. ...

... it nttesaiy M idntify by blok numbeor) "FIELD GROUP SUB.GROUP " ,Mission analysis� Modelin& � Function analysis Task analysis, wa�oI*- . ...

... Department of Defense SUPPLY CHAIN/ PERFORMANCE-BASED LOGISTICS ... Page 11. Supply Chain Support Task Group Final Report ...

... Title : Supply Chain/Performance-Based Logistics Task Group. Corporate Author : DEFENSE BUSINESS BOARD WASHINGTON DC. ...

Return To Flight Task Group Leader Meets with Media Richard O. Covey, co- chairman of the group tasked with assessing NASA's implementation of Columbia ...

... Accession Number : ADA955447. Title : Report of the Defense Science Board Task Group on the Behavioral Sciences. Descriptive Note : Final rept. ...

... Accession Number : ADA368766. Title : Proceedings of the Pert Coordination Task Group Meeting, 17-18 March 1960, 16-17 August 1960. ...

... that all task group aircraft control circuits should have ... times that aircraft are expected on the circuit. ... Annex C assigned eight UHF channels plus the ...

... Accession Number : ADA080272. Title : Operation REDWING Commander Task Group 7.3, Operation Plan Number 1-56. ...

... first part of this report is a slightly updated version of the official status report made by the chairman of the task group, Gaetan Thibault from DRDC ...

... Accession Number : ADA148681. Title : Life Cycles of Ad Hoc Task Groups. Descriptive Note : Interim technical rept. Corporate ...

Apr 26, 2005 ... James C. Adamson. NASA chartered the Task Group to perform an independent assessment of the agency's implementation of the CAIB's 15 Return ...

... across the military departments and agencies for Research Development Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) data. ... Title : Financial Indicators Task Group. ...

... Page 25. December 2004 Cycle Time Task Group 24 ... on turntimes in the repair cycles AND overall operational metrics related to the airline mission ...

The medical physicist is a professional who specializes in the application of the concepts and methods of physics to the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Medical physicists identify their primary discipline to be radiation therapy (78%), medical imaging (16%), nuclear medicine (3%), or radiation safety (2%). They state their primary responsibility to be clinical (78%), academic (9%), ...

One aspect of brainstorming that has received little research attention is how the brainstorming task should be presented to the group, whether as one all-encompassing question or as a series of separate questions each focusing on one aspect of the task. This paper reports the results of an experiment in which ...

... are drawn and explored. (Modified author abstract). Descriptors : *Group dynamics, *Performance(Human), Social psychology, Interactions, Human ...

This article reports on an experiment in the general area of the effect on group success of the desire for group achievement of the individuals constituting the group. In this experiment members of 3-person groups participated in a group task for a series...

Factors influencing the performance effectiveness of interacting groups are examined, with emphasis on the role of group interaction in affecting group productivity. Current research and thought about the functions of group interaction are reviewed. It is...

The paper restates the prime objectives of Working Group 4 and explains that in order to accomplish these objectives two sub-groups (A and B) have been established. The Co-Chairmen suggested that sub-group A divided their work into 16 tasks, which are lis...

In two different studies, it was found that the contribution of member ability to group productivity was dependent upon both the ability of the member and the kind of task organization employed by the group. When the group task required members to coopera...

... Accession Number : ADD319975. Title : STEAM GENERATOR GROUP PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT. TASK 3 - HEALTH PHYSICS. ...

... anxiety, leader perception of group atmosphere and group performance and leadership ... both with and without the pressure of external task stress. ...

... in the group 17) Unclear leadership structure ... Hierarchical Description of the Group Task ... the amount of authority for self-management provided to ...

... are out (no task), as are reference groups (not ... group on the variables in the normative model, and ... diverse in values or perspective that they cannot ...

The Interagency Task Force on the Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation completed seven reports: (1) Final Report of the Task Force; (2) Science Work Group Report; (3) Privacy Work Group Report; (4) Core and Benefits Work Group Report; (5) Exposure Reduction Work Group ...

Groupwork carried out via computer mediated communication (CMC) is now a fact of life in the the workplace. This study investigates the effects of group membership and task experience on asynchronous computer-mediated groupwork. Groups acquiring task experience as groups during weeks one and ...

Intravascular brachytherapy (IVBT) is an emerging modality for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions in the artery. As part of the refinement in this rapidly evolving modality of treatment, the current simplistic dosimetry approach based on a fixed-point prescription must be challenged by future rigorous dosimetry method employing image-based three-dimensional (3D) treatment planning. The goals ...

Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are well- established and indispensable imaging modalities in modern medicine. State-of-the-art computed tomography (CT) scanners have now been integrated into multi-modality PET-CT and SPECT-CT devices, and these devices, particularly PET-CT scanners, are dramatically impacting clinical practice. ...