Lung infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF) cause progressive airway obstruction and tissue damage, the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in CF. We investigated whether a recombinant adeno-associated virus type 5 (AAV5) vector expressing murine interleukin (IL)-10 ...

This study investigated whether repeated administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus type 5 (rAAV5) to the airways induces inflammatory processes in the lungs of BALB/c-mice, with mechanical and histologic changes. Saline was instilled intratracheally in the control group, and rAAV5-green fluorescence protein (GFP) (4x10(11)particles) in the virus ...

To clarify whether transduction efficiency and cell type specificity of self-complementary (sc) AAV5 vectors are similar to those of standard, single stranded AAV5 vectors in normal retina, one micro liter of scAAV5-smCBA-GFP vector ...

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are promising tools for gene therapy. In spinal cord injury where extensive damage occurs, vectors with high diffusion and transduction abilities are required. We compared the diffusion capacity and transduction efficiency of AAV2 and AAV5 vectors using a mouse spinal cord injury model. ...

Abstract Intravascular delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector is commonly used for liver-directed gene therapy. In humans, the high prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to AAV-2 capsid and the wide cross-reactivity with other serotypes hamper vector transduction efficacy. Moreover, the safety of gene-based approaches depends on ...

Untargeted and uncontrolled gene delivery is a major cause of gene therapy failure. This study aimed to define efficient and safe tissue-selective targeted gene therapy approaches for delivering genes into keratocytes of the cornea in vivo using a normal or diseased rabbit model. New Zealand White rabbits, adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV5), and a ...

Untargeted and uncontrolled gene delivery is a major cause of gene therapy failure. This study aimed to define efficient and safe tissue-selective targeted gene therapy approaches for delivering genes into keratocytes of the cornea in vivo using a normal or diseased rabbit model. New Zealand White rabbits, adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV5), and a ...

Since transgenes were first cloned into recombinant adenoviruses almost 30 years ago, a variety of viral vectors have become important tools in genetic research. Viruses adeptly transport genetic material into eukaryotic cells, and replacing all or part of the viral genome with genes of interest or silencing sequences creates a method of gene expression modulation in which the ...

Purpose. We previously showed that subretinal delivery of AAV5 vectors containing murine GC1 cDNA driven by either photoreceptor-specific, (hGRK1) or ubiquitous (smCBA) promoters were capable of restoring cone-mediated function and visual behavior and preserving cone photoreceptors in the guanylatecylase 1 knockout (GC1KO) mouse for three months. Here, we compare therapy ...

Viral vector-mediated gene transfer has emerged as a powerful means to target transgene expression in the central nervous system. Here we characterized the efficacy of serotypes 1 and 5 recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) after stereotaxic delivery to the neonatal rat and minipig striatum. The ...

... Accession Number : ADA307632. Title : Attenuated VEE Vaccine Vectors Expressing HIV Immunogens. Descriptive Note : Annual rept. ...

AbstractRecombinant adeno-associated viral vectors pseudotyped with serotype 5 and 8 capsids (AAV5 and AAV8) have been shown to be efficient gene transfer reagents for the liver. We have produced AAV5 and AAV8 vectors that express mouse short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase ...

Abstract Recombinant adeno-associated virus 5 (rAAV5) represents a candidate vector with unique advantages for the treatment of hepatic disorders because of its narrow hepatic tropism. Noninvasive in vivo imaging of transgene expression provides an important tool with which to quantify the transduction efficiency, and duration and ...

BackgroundNeuronal transduction by adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has been demonstrated in cortex, brainstem, cerebellum, and sensory ganglia. Intrathecal delivery of AAV serotypes that transduce neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord offers substantial opportunities to 1) further study mechanisms underlying chronic pain, and 2) develop novel gene-based ...

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) provides a promising platform for clinical treatment of neurological disorders owing to its established efficacy and lack of apparent pathogenicity. To use viral vectors in treating neurological disease, however, transduction must occur under neuropathological conditions. Previous studies in rodents have shown that AAV5 more efficiently transduces ...

SummaryTo test whether fast-acting, self complimentary(sc), AAV vector-mediated RPE65 expression prevents cone degeneration and/or restores cone function, two mouse lines were studied: the Rpe65- deficient rd12 mouse and the Rpe65- deficient, rhodpsin null (�i.e. cone function-only�) Rpe65^?/?::Rho^?/? mouse. ...

Selecting the most efficient recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotype for airway gene therapy has been difficult due to cross-specific differences in tropism and immune response between humans and animal models. Chimpanzees�the closest surviving genetic relative of humans�provide a valuable opportunity to select the most effective serotypes for clinical trials in humans. However, ...

To test whether fast-acting, self-complimentary (sc), adeno-associated virus-mediated RPE65 expression prevents cone degeneration and/or restores cone function, we studied two mouse lines: the Rpe65-deficient rd12 mouse and the Rpe65-deficient, rhodopsin null ('that is, cone function-only') Rpe65(-/-)::Rho(-/-) mouse. scAAV5 expressing RPE65 was injected ...

Differences between rodent and human airway cell biology have made it difficult to translate recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated gene therapies to the lung for cystic fibrosis (CF). As new ferret and pig models for CF become available, knowledge about host cell/vector interactions in these species will become increasingly important for testing potential gene ...

Vectors derived from adeno-associated virus (AAV) are promising candidates for neural cell transduction in vivo because they are nonpathogenic and achieve long-term transduction in the central nervous system. AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) is the most widely used AAV vector in clinical trials based largely on its ability to transduce neural cells in the rodent and ...

... Accession Number : ADA433001. Title : Live Attenuated Shigella as a Diarrheal Vaccine and/or Mucosal Delivery Vector for DNA Vaccines. ...

A series of expression vectors based on attenuated vaccine strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) have been constructed with the ultimate goal of expressing immunizing antigens derived from HIV- 1 in vivo, thus protecting against subsequent...

The helper-dependent adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have attracted great interest as vectors for gene therapy. Uptake and intracellular trafficking pathways of AAV are of importance, since they are often rate-limiting steps in infection. Here, we have investigated the entry of AAV type 5 (AAV5) in primary human embryo fibroblasts. At ...

Listeria monocytogenes as a Vaccine Vector: Virulence Attenuation or Existing Antivector Immunity-attenuated strains of Listeria monocytogenes as vaccine vectors and examine whether existing antivector-associated epitopes. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 173: 420�427. T he bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)3 ...

The measurement of flow obtained using continuous wave Doppler ultrasound is formulated as a directional projection of a flow vector field. When a continuous ultrasound wave bounces against a flowing particle, a signal is backscattered. This signal obtain...

BackgroundThe current method of delivering gene replacement to the posterior segment of the eye involves a three-port pars plana vitrectomy followed by injection of the agent through a 37-gauge cannula, which is potentially wrought with retinal complications. In this paper we investigate the safety and efficacy of delivering adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector to the ...

Several live attenuated Shigella vaccines of different serotypes have been shown to be safe, immunogenic, and in one case effective against challenge with virulent strains. The ability to invade epithelial cells remains critical for the success of these v...

... biological function of PF4 as a protector against radiation injury and suggest that attenuated Salmonella could be used ... PF4 DNA delivery vector in the management of radiation injury. Received: Septemb...

... Shock-propagation, shock-attenuation, and projectile.loss comparisons between theory ... u - flux vector p - material density P - hydrostatic pressure E ...

... Figure 1. Logarithmic Plot of Attenuated Born Cross Sections vs Xf for ... cross section can now be found by expressing the wave vector components ...

... vector c K correction factor K relative dielectric constant e mean free path for electron-electron scattering L attenuation length for energetic electrons ...

The measurement of flow obtained using continuous wave Doppler ultrasound is formulated as a directional projection of a flow vector field. When a continuous ultrasound wave bounces against a flowing particle, a signal is backscattered. This signal obtains a Doppler frequency shift proportional to the speed of the particle along the ultrasound beam. This occurs for each ...

PurposeWith the increasing number of retinal gene-based therapies and therapeutic constructs, in vitro bioassays characterizing vector transduction efficiency and quality are becoming increasingly important. Currently, in vitro assays quantifying vector transduction efficiency are performed predominantly for non-ocular tissues. A human retinal pigment ...

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a devastating lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of the enzyme galactocerebrosidase (GALC). Currently, there is no definite cure for GLD. Several attempts with CNS-directed gene therapy in twitcher mice (a murine model of GLD) demonstrated restricted expression of GALC activity in CNS and failure of therapeutic efficacy in cerebellum and spinal ...

Although recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has been widely used in lung gene therapy approaches, it remains unclear to what extent commonly used AAV serotypes transduce adult progenitors in the lung. In this study, we evaluated the life span and proliferative capacity of rAAV1-, 2-, and 5-transduced airway cells in mouse lung, using a LacZ-CRE reporter transgenic model and Cre-expressing ...

The development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely connected with cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol increases the production and deposition of amyloid-? (A?) peptides that result in the formation of amyloid plaques, a hallmark of the pathology. In the brain, cholesterol is synthesized in situ but cannot be degraded nor cross the blood�brain barrier. The major exportable form of brain ...

A procedure is suggested to translate the quality factor of a plane harmonic attenuating wave in a general anisotropic elastic medium into its phase velocity and two finite non-dimensional attenuation parameters. A chosen value of the quality factor of an attenuated wave in the dissipative medium is used to specify its complex ...

-of-concept for the use of HSV recombinants as AIDS vaccine vectors. To improve the HSV replication-defective vector, weReplication-Defective Herpes Simplex Virus Mutant Strains as Genital Herpes Vaccines and Vaccine Vectors David M. Knipe Abstract Viral vaccines have traditionally been live, attenuated viruses, or ...

This paper is devoted to investigate the cold plasma wave properties. The analysis has been restricted to the neighborhood of the pair production region of the Kerr magnetosphere. The Fourier analyzed general relativistic magnetohydrodynamical equations are dealt under special circumstances and dispersion relations are obtained. We find the x-component of the complex wave ...

We present a computational study of signal propagation and attenuation of a 200 MHz dipole antenna in a cave environment. The cave is modeled as a straight and lossy random rough wall. To simulate a broad frequency band, the full wave Maxwell equations are solved directly in the time domain via a high order vector finite element discretization using the ...

The effect of helical Dirac states on surface phonons in a topological insulators is investigated. Their coupling is derived in the continuum limit by assuming displacement-dependent Dirac cones. The resulting renormalization of sound velocity and attenuation and its dependence on the chemical potential and wave vector is calculated. At finite wave ...

We showed previously that a single intranasal vaccination of mice with a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing an influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein provided complete protection from lethal challenge with influenza virus (A. Roberts, E. Kretzschmar, A. S. Perkins, J. Forman, R. Price, L. Buonocore, Y. Kawaoka, and J. K. Rose, J. Virol. 72:4704-4711, 1998). Because some ...

Immunotherapy requiring an efficient T lymphocyte response is initiated by antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells. Several studies have assessed the efficiency of various antigen loading procedures, including microbial vectors. Here a live strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was engineered to translocate a recombinant antigenic protein into mammalian cells via the type III ...

This book contains five sections and a summary. Each section consists of several papers. The section titles are: Immunology, AIDS, Pathogenic Bacteria and Viral Glycoproteins, Pathogenesis and Attenuation, and Recombinant Vectors and Paraviruses.

The attenuations and frequency shifts of magnons, which are caused by spin-spin interactions in ferrites were calculated. The quantities were obtained as functions of the magnon wave vector, temperature, and intensity of the external magnetic field. (auth)

vectors to the initial wavevector of the light. 2) the attenuated total reflection method exploits. Rev. B 49, 5611 (1994) [6] G.K. Wertheim, S.B. DiCenzo, and D.N.E. Buchanan, Phys. Rev. B 33, 5384

It is disclosed that the N-terminal domain of a long form bacterial phosphotransacetylase is important for a bacterial virulence. Various isolated polypeptides, antibodies, isolated nucleic acids, vectors, and host cells that relate to the N-terminal doma...

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vaccine protects mice against a lethal influenza challenge William H. Vecino,a,1 Natalie M. Quanquin,a,1. Keywords: Influenza virus; Hemagglutinin; Attenuated shigella; Bacterial vector; DNA vaccines; IFN-allantoic fluid- derived inactivated or live influenza vaccines (Lee et al., 2002), combined with the limited

Live attenuated vaccines against brucellosis and infection by other diseases are described. It has been discovered that trans complementation of the Brucella wboA gene can be used to maintain an expression vector in an attenuated Brucella host cell in a vaccinee. Further, heterologous antigens can be expressed using this Brucella ...

In the course of measurements of the microwave propagation characteristics of the TE/sub 10/ mode in a waveguide in which the wire to be exploded is perpendicular to the TE/sub 10/ mode electric-field vector, it was observed that an appreciable amount of microwave attenuation occurred during the dwell time. The attenuation ...

The mode structure of a W-fiber has been discussed in conjunction with that of an SC-fiber using the WKB approximation, and the leaky mode attenuation coefficient has been derived using Poynting's vector theorem. Furthermore, a simplified expression for the attenuation coefficient of the W-fiber has been obtained and compared with that ...

expression in preventing I/R liver damage using recombinant adenoviral vectors. We hypothesized that redox vectors for reduc- ing I/R damage in the liver. Consistent with previous obser- vations, recombinant adenoviral delivery of MnSOD to the liver significantly attenuated both acute liver damage and AP-1

- ments (Table 1), chosen for length variability, sequence diversity, and potential protein immunogenicity that the ability to transmit immunogenic p27 sequences was lost by a fraction of the viruses as they passaged), as is the immunogenic potential of previous Leader-modified Mengo vectors for primates (Altmeyer et al., 1994

We have constructed a general-use vector for the cloning and stable expression of foreign genes in the chromosome of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium. Using this chromosomal expression vector (CEV), we expressed the circumsporozoite (CS) gene of the mous...

We hypothesized that adequately engineered attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains can serve as multivalent mucosal live vector vaccines to immunize against unrelated human pathogens. Toward this ultimate goal, we have developed a novel genetic stabilization system for antigen-expressing plasmids, engineered to encode the single-stranded ...

We present a computational study of signal propagation and attenuation of a 200 MHz planar loop antenna in a cave environment. The cave is modeled as a straight and lossy random rough wall. To simulate a broad frequency band, the full wave Maxwell equations are solved directly in the time domain via a high order vector finite element discretization using ...

Highly attenuated poxviruses are promising vectors for protective and therapeutic vaccines. These vectors do not replicate in human cells and can therefore be safely given even to immunocompromised recipients. They can accommodate very large inserts and provide strong stimulation of the immune system against the ...

Displaying foreign antigens on the surface of attenuated or avirulent bacteria is an important strategy to develop live multivalent vector vaccines. In our previous work, several efficient surface display systems have been established based on outer membrane anchoring elements, which could successfully display heterologous proteins in ...

Since its discovery some 25 years ago, much has been learned about HIV type 1 and the molecular details of its replication cycle. This insight has been used to develop lentiviral vector systems that have advantages over conventional retroviral vector systems. For safety reasons, the lentiviral vector systems are replication incompetent ...

Direct numerical simulation data from the self similar region of a planar mixing layer is filtered at four different length scales, from the Taylor microscale to the dissipative scales, and is used to examine the scale dependence of the strain-rotation interaction in shear flow turbulence. The interaction is examined by exploring the alignment between the extensive strain-rate eigenvector and the ...

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) contains a single-stranded plus-strand RNA genome and belongs to the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. For decades, many studies have shown that enteroviruses are potential viral vectors. Of these viruses, polioviruses and coxsackieviruses have predominantly been investigated. Therefore, the molecular biology of these two viruses and the ...

Recombinants based on the attenuated vaccinia virus strains MVA and NYVAC are considered candidate vectors against different human diseases. In this study we have generated and characterized in BALB/c and in transgenic HHD mice the immunogenicity of two attenuated poxvirus vectors expressing in a single locus (TK) ...

Theoretically, gene therapy techniques offer an attractive alternative treatment option for intractable, focal epilepsies. Although logical gene therapy targets include excitatory and inhibitory receptors, variable viral vector tropism interjects an uncertainty as to the direction of change, seizure suppression, or seizure sensitization. To circumvent this therapeutic ...

BackgroundWe have evaluated an attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) candidate vaccine vector in nonhuman primates using a delivery regimen relying solely on oral vaccination. We sought to determine the impact of prior Lm vector exposure on the development of new immune responses against HIV antigens.FindingsTwo groups of rhesus ...

Therapeutic vaccination is a desirable alternative for controlling Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. In the present study, attenuated Salmonella vector vaccines were constructed that expressed fusion proteins complexed with H. pylori CagA, VacA and UreB in different arrangements, and their therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in H. pylori-infected ...

The degree of polarization (DOP) of the underwater light field in oceanic waters is, as follows from the vector radiative transfer equation and has been shown experimentally for a long time [1], related to the single scattering albedo of suspended particles. The single scattering albedo, in turn, is given by the ratio of the scattering coefficient to the ...

Three great plague pandemics caused by the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis have killed nearly 200 million people and it has been linked to biowarfare in the past. Plague is endemic in many parts of the world. In addition, the risk of plague as a bioweapon has prompted increased research to develop plague vaccines against this disease. Injectable subunit vaccines are being developed in the ...

A programmable optical filter for use in multispectral and hyperspectral imaging employing variable gain time delay and integrate arrays. A telescope focuses an image of a scene onto at least one TDI array that is covered by a multispectral filter that passes separate bandwidths of light onto the rows in the TDI array. The variable gain feature of the TDI array allows individual rows of pixels to ...