Sample records for aavso international variable

  1. VizieR Online Data Catalog: AAVSO International Variable Star Index VSX (Watson+, 2006-2014)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Watson, C.; Henden, A. A.; Price, A.

    2017-05-01

    This file contains Galactic stars known or suspected to be variable. It lists all stars that have an entry in the AAVSO International Variable Star Index (VSX; http://www.aavso.org/vsx). The database consisted initially of the General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS) and the New Catalogue of Suspected Variables (NSV) and was then supplemented with a large number of variable star catalogues, as well as individual variable star discoveries or variables found in the literature. Effort has also been invested to update the entries with the latest information regarding position, type and period and to remove duplicates. The VSX database is being continually updated and maintained. For historical reasons some objects outside of the Galaxy have been included. (3 data files).

  2. VizieR Online Data Catalog: AAVSO International Variable Star Index VSX (Watson+, 2006-2014)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Watson, C.; Henden, A. A.; Price, A.

    2018-05-01

    This file contains Galactic stars known or suspected to be variable. It lists all stars that have an entry in the AAVSO International Variable Star Index (VSX; http://www.aavso.org/vsx). The database consisted initially of the General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS) and the New Catalogue of Suspected Variables (NSV) and was then supplemented with a large number of variable star catalogues, as well as individual variable star discoveries or variables found in the literature. Effort has also been invested to update the entries with the latest information regarding position, type and period and to remove duplicates. The VSX database is being continually updated and maintained. For historical reasons some objects outside of the Galaxy have been included. (3 data files).

  3. The AAVSO as a Resource for Variable Star Research

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kafka, Stella

    2016-07-01

    The AAVSO was formed in 1911 as a group of US-based amateur observers obtaining data in support of professional astronomy projects. Now, it has evolved into an International Organization with members and observers from both the professional and non-professional astronomical community, contributing photometry to a public photometric database of about 22,000 variable objects, and using it for research projects. As such, the AAVSO's main claim to fame is that it successfully engages backyard Astronomers, educators, students and professional astronomers in astronomical research. I will present the main aspects of the association and how it has evolved with time to become a premium resource for variable star researchers. I will also discuss the various means that the AAVSO is using to support cutting-edge variable star science, and how it engages its members in projects building a stronger international astronomical community.

  4. Use of the AAVSO's International Variable Star Index (VSX) in an Undergraduate Astronomy Course Capstone Project

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larsen, Kristine

    2017-06-01

    The author discusses a capstone project that utilizes the AAVSO's International Variable Star Index (VSX), ASAS light curves and phase plots, and the SIMBAD astronomical data repository in a laboratory-based undergraduate Stellar and Galactic Astronomy course.

  5. Use of the AAVSO's International Variable Star Index (VSX) in an Undergraduate Astronomy Course Capstone Project (Abstract)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larsen, K.

    2017-12-01

    (Abstract only) The author discusses a capstone project that utilizes the AAVSO's International Variable Star Index (VSX), ASAS light curves and phase plots, and the SIMBAD astronomical data repository in a laboratory-based undergraduate Stellar and Galactic Astronomy course.

  6. AAVSO and the International Year of Light (Poster abstract)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larsen, K.

    2015-06-01

    (Abstract only) The United Nations General Assembly has officially designated 2015 to be the International Year of Light (IYL). Modeled in part on the earlier International Year of Astronomy (IYA), this cross-disciplinary, international educational and outreach project will celebrate the importance of light in science, technology, cultural heritage, and the arts. It ties in with several important anniversaries, such as the 1000th anniversary of the publication of Ibn Al Haythem's “Book of Optics,” the 150th anniversary of Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism, the centenary of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, and the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. Because variable stars are defined as such due to the variability of the light we observe from them, all of the AAVSO programs, regardless of type of variable or instrumentation (eye, DSLR, PEP, or CCD) have natural tie-ins to the study of light. This poster will highlight a number of specific ways that AAVSO members and the organization as a whole can become intimately involved with this unique outreach opportunity.

  7. Utilizing the AAVSO's Variable Star Index (VSX) In Undergraduate Research Projects

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larsen, Kristine

    2016-01-01

    Among the many important services that the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) provides to the astronomical community is the Variable Star Index (VSX - https://www.aavso.org/vsx/). This online catalog of variable stars is the repository of data on over 334,000 variable stars, including information on spectral type, range of magnitude, period, and type of variable, among other properties. A number of these stars were identified as being variable through automated telescope surveys, such as ASAS (All Sky Automated Survey). The computer code of this survey classified newly discovered variables as best it could, but a significant number of false classifications have been noted. The reclassification of ASAS variables in the VSX data, as well as a closer look at variables identified as miscellaneous type in VSX, are two of many projects that can be undertaken by interested undergraduates. In doing so, students learn about the physical properties of various types of variable stars as well as statistical analysis and computer software, especially the VStar variable star data visualization and analysis tool that is available to the astronomical community free of charge on the AAVSO website (https://www.aavso.org/vstar-overview). Two such projects are described in this presentation, the first to identify BY Draconis variables erroneously classified as Cepheids in ASAS data, and the second to identify SRD semiregular variables misidentified as "miscellaneous" in VSX.

  8. Amateur-Professional Collaborations in the AAVSO

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hawkins, G.; Mattei, J. A.; Waagen, E. O.

    2000-05-01

    The AAVSO coordinates, collects, evaluates, and archives variable star observations made largely by amateur astronomers around the world, and publishes and disseminates these observations to researchers and educators worldwide. Its electronic database of nearly 10 million visual variable star observations contributed by 6,000 amateur astronomers in over 40 countries since 1911 is the world's largest and longest-running. The AAVSO has a long history of collaborations between its amateur astronomer observers and professional astronomers. Many of the over 275 requests received yearly from astronomers for AAVSO data and services result in collaborative projects - particularly in multiwavelength observations of variable stars using ground-based telescopes and/or satellites - to help schedule observing runs; provide sumultaneous optical coverage of observing targets and immediate notification of their activity during particular satellite observations; correlate multiwavelength data; and analyze long-term variable star behavior. Among the more dramatic collaborations AAVSO observers have participated in are numerous multi-satellite observing runs on specific variable stars triggered in response to real-time alerts to stellar activity from AAVSO observers; and the variable star observations made during the Astro-2 mission, in which real-time observations by AAVSO observers directed shuttle astronauts to observing targets, and resulted in seminal new information about the cataclysmic variable Z Camelopardalis. The AAVSO is embarking on an exciting new collaboration with Gamma-Ray astronomers at NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center. The AAVSO and the MSFC Gamma-Ray Burst Team have established a Gamma-Ray Burst Network, in which participating AAVSO observers will be alerted immediately via pagers and email to the detection of gamma-ray bursts and will use their own CCD-equipped telescopes to search for the optical counterpart. We gratefully acknowledge partial funding of this

  9. Utilizing the AAVSO's Variable Star Index (VSX) in Undergraduate Research Projects (Poster abstract)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larsen, K.

    2016-12-01

    (Abstract only) Among the many important services that the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) provides to the astronomical community is the Variable Star Index (VSX; https://www.aavso.org/vsx/). This online catalog of variable stars is the repository of data on over 334,000 variable stars, including information on spectral type, range of magnitude, period, and type of variable, among other properties. A number of these stars were identified as being variable through automated telescope surveys, such as ASAS (All Sky Automated Survey). The computer code of this survey classified newly discovered variables as best it could, but a significant number of false classifications have been noted. The reclassification of ASAS variables in the VSX data, as well as a closer look at variables identified as miscellaneous type in VSX, are two of many projects that can be undertaken by interested undergraduates. In doing so, students learn about the physical properties of various types of variable stars as well as statistical analysis and computer software, especially the vstar variable star data visualization and analysis tool that is available to the astronomical community free of charge on the AAVSO website (https://www.aavso.org/vstar-overview). Three such projects are described in this presentation, to identify BY Draconis variables misidentified as Cepheids or "miscellaneous", and SRD semiregular variables and ELL (rotating ellipsoidal) variables misidentified as "miscellaneous", in ASAS data and VSX.

  10. An Unfinished but Closed Chapter in AAVSO History

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Williams, T. R.

    2005-08-01

    In thirty years of service as the AAVSO's director, Janet Akyüz Mattei left an indelible mark on the organization. The AAVSO underwent nearly continuous expansion of services to members and to the professional community of variable star astronomy during her tenure. Under her leadership, the association flourished and became recognized internationally as the leading variable star organization. Unfortunately, the final recognition that was richly deserved by Mattei, a retirement in which to enjoy the fruits of this effort, was denied her by her sudden illness and passing.

  11. AAVSO Target Tool: A Web-Based Service for Tracking Variable Star Observations (Abstract)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Burger, D.; Stassun, K. G.; Barnes, C.; Kafka, S.; Beck, S.; Li, K.

    2018-06-01

    (Abstract only) The AAVSO Target Tool is a web-based interface for bringing stars in need of observation to the attention of AAVSOís network of amateur and professional astronomers. The site currently tracks over 700 targets of interest, collecting data from them on a regular basis from AAVSOís servers and sorting them based on priority. While the target tool does not require a login, users can obtain visibility times for each target by signing up and entering a telescope location. Other key features of the site include filtering by AAVSO observing section, sorting by different variable types, formatting the data for printing, and exporting the data to a CSV file. The AAVSO Target Tool builds upon seven years of experience developing web applications for astronomical data analysis, most notably on Filtergraph (Burger, D., et al. 2013, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XXII, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, San Francisco, 399), and is built using the web2py web framework based on the python programming language. The target tool is available at http://filtergraph.com/aavso.

  12. The AAVSO Photoelectric Photometry Program in its Scientific and Socio-Historic Context

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Percy, John R.

    2011-05-01

    Photoelectric photometry began in the 1900s through the work of Guthnick, Stebbins, and others who constructed and used photometers based on the recently-discovered photoelectric effect. The mid 20th century saw a confluence of several areas of amateur interest: astronomy, telescope making, radio and electronics, and general interest in space. This is the time when AAVSO photoelectric photometry (PEP) began, with observers using mostly hand-built photometers on hand-built telescopes. The 1980s brought a revolution: affordable off-the-shelf solid-state photometers, and infrastructure such as the International Amateur-Professional Photoelectric Photometry (IAPPP) conferences, books, and journal. The AAVSO developed a formal PEP program in the early 1980s. Its emphasis was on long-term monitoring of pulsating red giants. It was competing, not always successfully, with programs such as active sun-like binaries (RS CVn stars) which offered "instant gratification" in the form of publicity and quick publications. Nevertheless, the AAVSO PEP program has, through careful organization, motivation, and feedback to observers, produced extensive scientific results. In this presentation, I shall describe, as examples, my own work, its scientific significance, its educational benefit to dozens of my students, and its satisfaction to the observers. To some extent, the AAVSO PEP program has been superceded by its CCD program, but there is still a useful place for ongoing PEP observations of thousands of variable stars. Reference: http://www.aavso.org/sites/default/files/newsletter/PEP/lastpepnl.pdf Acknowledgements: I thank NSERC Canada for research support, my students, and AAVSO staff and observers, especially Howard Landis.

  13. Margaret W. Mayall in the AAVSO Archives

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saladyga, M.

    2012-06-01

    (Abstract only) AAVSO Director Margaret W. Mayall's presence in the AAVSO Archives is unique in that it was only by her effort that the AAVSO's institutional memory survived the organization's years of struggle. The history of the AAVSO could not have been written thoroughly and accurately without its archival collections. Similarly, the story of Mayall and the AAVSO within that history is not only informed, but is also formed by the materials that she chose to collect and preserve over the years.

  14. The AAVSO 2011 Demographic and Background Survey

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Price, A.

    2012-04-01

    In 2011, the AAVSO conducted a survey of 615 people who are or were recently active in the organization. The survey included questions about their demographic background and variable star interests. Data are descriptively analyzed and compared with prior surveys. Results show an organization of very highly educated, largely male amateur and professional astronomers distributed across 108 countries. Participants tend to be loyal, with the average time of involvement in the AAVSO reported as 14 years. Most major demographic factors have not changed much over time. However, the average age of new members is increasing. Also, a significant portion of the respondents report being strictly active in a non-observing capacity, reflecting the growing mission of the organization. Motivations of participants are more aligned with scientific contribution than with that reported by other citizen science projects. This may help explain why a third of all respondents are an author or co-author of a paper in an astronomical journal. Finally, there is some evidence that participation in the AAVSO has a greater impact on the respondents' view of their role in astronomy compared to that expected through increasing amateur astronomy experience alone.

  15. Sparsely-Observed Pulsating Red Giants in the AAVSO Observing Program

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Percy, J. R.

    2018-06-01

    This paper reports on time-series analysis of 156 pulsating red giants (21 SRa, 52 SRb, 33 SR, 50 Lb) in the AAVSO observing program for which there are no more than 150-250 observations in total. Some results were obtained for 68 of these stars: 17 SRa, 14 SRb, 20 SR, and 17 Lb. These results generally include only an average period and amplitude. Many, if not most of the stars are undoubtedly more complex; pulsating red giants are known to have wandering periods, variable amplitudes, and often multiple periods including "long secondary periods" of unknown origin. These results (or lack thereof) raise the question of how the AAVSO should best manage the observation of these and other sparsely-observed pulsating red giants.

  16. Discovering new variable stars at Key Stage 3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chubb, Katy; Hood, Rosie; Wilson, Thomas; Holdship, Jonathan; Hutton, Sarah

    2017-05-01

    Details of the London pilot of the ‘Discovery Project’ are presented, where university-based astronomers were given the chance to pass on some real and applied knowledge of astronomy to a group of selected secondary school pupils. It was aimed at students in Key Stage 3 of their education, allowing them to be involved in real astronomical research at an early stage of their education, the chance to become the official discoverer of a new variable star, and to be listed in the International Variable Star Index database (The International Variable Star Index, Version 1.1, American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO), 2016, http://aavso.org/vsx), all while learning and practising research-level skills. Future plans are discussed.

  17. Cataclysmic variables to be monitored for HST observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2012-09-01

    Drs. Boris Gaensicke (Warwick University), Joseph Patterson (Columbia University, Center for Backyard Astrophysics), and Arne Henden (AAVSO), on behalf of a consortium of 16 astronomers, requested the help of AAVSO observers in monitoring the ~40 cataclysmic variables in support of Hubble Space Telescope observations in the coming months. The HST COS (Cosmic Origins Spectrograph) will be carrying out far-ultraviolet spectroscopy of ~40 CVs sequentially, with the aim to measure the temperatures, atmospheric compositions, rotation rates, and eventually masses of their white dwarfs. The primary purpose of the monitoring is to know whether each target is in quiescence immediately prior to the observation window; if it is in outburst it will be too bright for the HST instrumentation. Based on the information supplied by the AAVSO, the HST scheduling team will make the decision (usually) the evening before the scheduled observing time as to whether to go forward with the HST observations. For CCD observers, simultaneous photometry [shortly before, during, and after the HST observations] would be ideal. B filter would be best for a light curve, although for the magnitude estimates, V would be best. Finder charts may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. If the target is seen in outburst, please contact the AAVSO immediately and post a message to the Observations and Campaigns & Observations Reports forum (http://www.aavso.org/forum). This campaign will run the better part of a year or longer. See full Alert Notice for more details and list of objects.

  18. Distributing Variable Star Data to the Virtual Observatory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kinne, Richard C.; Templeton, M. R.; Henden, A. A.; Zografou, P.; Harbo, P.; Evans, J.; Rots, A. H.; LAZIO, J.

    2013-01-01

    Effective distribution of data is a core element of effective astronomy today. The AAVSO is the home of several different unique databases. The AAVSO International Database (AID) contains over a century of photometric and time-series data on thousands of individual variable stars comprising over 22 million observations. The AAVSO Photometric All-Sky Survey (APASS) is a new photometric catalog containing calibrated photometry in Johnson B, V and Sloan g', r' and i' filters for stars with magnitudes of 10 < V < 17. The AAVSO is partnering with researchers and technologists at the Virtual Astronomical Observatory (VAO) to solve the data distribution problem for these datasets by making them available via various VO tools. We give specific examples of how these data can be accessed through Virtual Observatory (VO) toolsets and utilized for astronomical research.

  19. Request for regular monitoring of the symbiotic variable RT Cru

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2014-08-01

    Dr. Margarita Karovska (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) and colleagues have requested AAVSO observer assistance in their campaign on the symbiotic variable RT Cru (member of a new class of hard X-ray emitting symbiotic binaries). Weekly or more frequent monitoring (B, V, and visual) beginning now is requested in support of upcoming Chandra observations still to be scheduled. "We plan Chandra observations of RT Cru in the near future that will help us understand the characteristics of the accretion onto the white dwarf in this sub-class of symbiotics. This is an important step for determining the precursor conditions for formation of a fraction of asymmetric Planetary Nebulae, and the potential of symbiotic systems as progenitors of at least a fraction of Type Ia supernovae." Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details and observations.

  20. Aperture Fever and the Quality of AAVSO Visual Estimates: mu Cephei as an Example

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Turner, D. G.

    2014-06-01

    (Abstract only) At the limits of human vision the eye can reach precisions of 10% or better in brightness estimates for stars. So why did the quality of AAVSO visual estimates suddenly drop to 50% or worse for many stars following World War II? Possibly it is a consequence of viewing variable stars through ever-larger aperture instruments than was the case previously, a time when many variables were observed without optical aid. An example is provided by the bright red supergiant variable mu Cephei, a star that has the potential to be a calibrating object for the extragalactic distance scale if its low-amplitude brightness variations are better defined. It appears to be a member of the open cluster Trumpler 37, so its distance and luminosity can be established provided one can pinpoint the amount of interstellar extinction between us and it. mu Cep appears to be a double-mode pulsator, as suggested previously in the literature, but with periods of roughly 700 and 1,000 days it is unexciting to observe and its red color presents a variety of calibration problems. Improving quality control for such variable stars is an issue important not only to the AAVSO, but also to science in general.

  1. Observing campaign on 5 variables in Cygnus

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2015-10-01

    Dr. George Wallerstein (University of Washington) has requested AAVSO assistance in monitoring 5 variable stars in Cygnus now through December 2015. He is working to complete the radial velocity curves for these stars, and needs optical light curves for correlation with the spectra he will be obtaining. Wallerstein writes: "I need to know the time of max or min so I can assign a phase to each spectrum. Most classical Cepheids are quite regular so once a time of max or min can be established I can derive the phase of each observation even if my obs are several cycles away from the established max or min. MZ Cyg is a type II Cepheid and they are less regular than their type I cousins." SZ Cyg, X Cyg, VX Cyg, and TX Cyg are all classical Cepheids. V and visual observations are requested. These are long-period Cepheids, so nightly observations are sufficient. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  2. Hands-On Astrophysics: Variable Stars in Math, Science, and Computer Education

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mattei, J. A.; Percy, J. R.

    1999-12-01

    Hands-On Astrophysics (HOA): Variable Stars in Math, Science, and Computer Education, is a project recently developed by the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) with funds from the National Science Foundation. HOA uses the unique methods and the international database of the AAVSO to develop and integrate students' math and science skills through variable star observation and analysis. It can provide an understanding of basic astronomy concepts, as well as interdisciplinary connections. Most of all, it motivates the user by exposing them to the excitement of doing real science with real data. Project materials include: a database of 600,000 variable star observations; VSTAR (a data plotting and analysis program), and other user friendly software; 31 slides and 14 prints of five constellations; 45 variable star finder charts; an instructional videotape in three 15-minute segments; and a 560-page student's and teacher's manual. These materials support the National Standards for Science and Math education by directly involving the students in the scientific process. Hands-On Astrophysics is designed to be flexible. It is organized so that it can be used at many levels, in many contexts: for classroom use from high school to college level, or for individual projects. In addition, communication and support can be found through the AAVSO home page on the World Wide Web: http://www.aavso.org. The HOA materials can be ordered through this web site or from the AAVSO, 25 Birch Street Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. We gratefully acknowledge the education grant ESI-9154091 from the National Science Foundation which funded the development of this project.

  3. The Birch Street Irregulars: mysteries found and resolved in the AAVSO data archives

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Beck, Sara J.; Saladyga, Michael; Mattei, Janet A.

    As they evaluate AAVSO data, AAVSO technical staff members run across several kinds of errors. This paper takes a humorous and Sherlock Holmes-style look at some of the most common kinds of errors detected, from observers recording the wrong Julian Date, misidentifying stars, transposing entries on the observer form, to garden-variety data entry errors.

  4. An Overview of the Evolution of the AAVSO's Information Technology Infrastructure Between 1965-1997

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kinne, Richard C. S.; Saladyga, M.; Waagen, E. O.

    2011-05-01

    We trace the history and usage of computers and data processing equipment at the AAVSO HQ between its beginings in the 1960s to 1997. We focus on equipment, people, and the purpose such computational power was put to use. We examine how the AAVSO evolved its use of computing and data processing resources as the technology evolved in order to further its mission.

  5. Very rare outburst of the symbiotic variable AG Peg

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2015-06-01

    The symbiotic variable AG Peg is in outburst, the first one observed since its only known outburst, which occurred in 1860-1870. Currently at visual/V magnitude 7.2 (B=7.8), it is an excellent target for visual, PEP, CCD, and DSLR observers and spectroscopists. The current outburst began after 2015 May 27 UT (T. Markham, Leek, Staffordshire, England, from the BAAVSS online database) and was underway by June 13.90 (A. Kosa-Kiss, Salonta, Romania). AG Peg has a very interesting history. Regarding the 1860-1870 outburst, data collected by E. Zinner (Merrill, 1959, S&T, 18, 9, 490) show AG Peg slowly brightening from visual magnitude 9.2 in 1821 to 8.0 in 1855, then at 6.2 in 1860 and brightening to 6.0 in 1870, then in decline at 6.8 by 1903, and continuing to decline slowly ( 6.9 in 1907, 8.0 in 1920, 8.3 in 1940). Observations in the AAVSO International Database since July 1941 show that the decline has continued without interruption from an average magnitude of 7.7 to an average magnitude of 8.8-9.0 by mid-January 2015. The AAVSO data since 1941 also show the periodic 0.4-magnitude variations ( 825 days) that have been present since the 1920s. Thus, after taking about 10 years to brighten from its minimum magnitude of about 9 to its maximum magnitude of 6.0, and then fading gradually over 140-145 years, AG Peg is now in outburst again. There are no observations of the 1860-1870 outburst that show the outburst's beginning. This time, however, in 2015, the opportunity is here to follow the outburst itself closely and learn just what this system does during outburst. Observations in all bands and visual observations are strongly encouraged. AG Peg is bright enough to be a very good PEP target. For spectroscopists, AG Peg has an extremely complex spectrum that undergoes substantial changes and would make a very interesting target. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be

  6. The American Association of Variable Star Observers: Serving the Research Community in 2010 and Beyond

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Templeton, Matthew R.; Henden, A. A.; Davis, K.; Kinne, R.; Watson, C.; Saladyga, M.; Waagen, E.; Beck, S.; Menali, G.; Price, A.; Turner, R.

    2010-05-01

    The American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) holds the largest single online database of variable star data in the world, collected from thousands of amateur and professional observers during the past century. One of our core missions is to preserve and distribute these data to the research community in service to the science of variable star astronomy. But as an organization, the AAVSO is much more than a data archive. Our services to the research community include: monitoring for and announcement of major astronomical events like novae and supernovae; organization and management of observing campaigns; support for satellite and other TOO observing programs by the professional community; creation of comparison star sequences and generation of charts for the observer community; and observational and other support for the amateur, professional, and educator communities in all things related to variable stars. As we begin a new century of variable star astronomy we invite you to take advantage of the services the AAVSO can provide, and to become a part of our organization yourselves. In this poster, we highlight some of the most important services the AAVSO can provide to the professional research community, as well as suggest ways in which your research may be enhanced with support from the AAVSO.

  7. Citizen Sky, An Update on the AAVSO's New Citizen Science Project

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Turner, Rebecca; Price, A.; Henden, A.; Stencel, R.; Kloppenborg, B.

    2011-01-01

    Citizen Sky is a multi-year, NSF-funded, citizen science project focusing on the bright variable star, epsilon Aurigae. Citizen Sky goes beyond simple observing to include a major data analysis component. The goal is to introduce the participant to the full scientific process from background research to paper writing for a peer-reviewed journal. The first year of the project, 2009-10, was dedicated to developing project infrastructure, educating participants about epsilon Aurigae, and training these participants to observe the star and report their data. Looking forward, years two and three of the project will focus on assembling teams of participants to work on their own analysis and research. Results will be published in a special issue of the peer-reviewed Journal of the AAVSO. This project has been made possible by the National Science Foundation.

  8. Twenty Years of Work with Janet Mattei on Cataclysmic Variables

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Szkody, P.

    2005-08-01

    Janet Mattei and the AAVSO database have had a large impact on the field of cataclysmic variables, especially in the areas of outburst light curves of dwarf novae and ground-based support of space observations. A summary of some of the major results from AAVSO data during the last 20 years is presented.

  9. AAVSO Visual Sunspot Observations vs. SDO HMI Sunspot Catalog

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Howe, R.

    2014-06-01

    (Abstract only) The most important issue with regard to using the SDO HMI data from the National Solar Observatory (NSO, http://www.nso.edu/staff/fwatson/STARA) is that their current model for creating sunspot counts does not split in groups and consequently does not provide a corresponding group count and Wolf number. As it is a different quantity, it cannot be mixed with the data from our sunspot networks. For the AAVSO with about seventy stations contributing each day, adding HMI sunspot data would anyway hardly change the resulting index. Perhaps, the best use of HMI data is for an external validation, by exploiting the fact that HMI provides a series that is rather close to the sunspot number and is acquired completely independently. So, it is unlikely to suffer from the same problems (jumps, biases) at the same time. This validation only works for rather short durations, as the lifetime of space instruments is limited and aging effects are often affecting the data over the mission. In addition, successive instruments have different properties: for example, the NSO model has not managed yet to reconcile the series from MDI and HMI. There is a ~10-15% jump. The first challenge that should be addressed by AAVSO using HMI data is the splitting in groups and deriving group properties. Then, together with the sunspot counts and areas per group, a lot more analyses and diagnostics can be derived (like the selective disappearance of the smallest sunspots?), that can help interpreting trends in the ratio SSN/other solar indices and many other solar effects.

  10. AAVSO Solar Observers Worldwide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Howe, R.

    2013-06-01

    (Abstract only) For visual solar observers there has been no biological change in the "detector" (human eye) - at century scales (eye + visual cortex) does not change much over time. Our capacity to "integrate" seeing distortions is not just simple averaging! The visual cortex plays an essential role, and until recently only the SDO-HMI (Solar Dynamics Observatory, Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager) has had the capacity to detect the smallest sunspots, called pores. Prior to this the eye was superior to photography and CCD. Imaged data are not directly comparable or substitutable to counts by eye, as the effects of sensor/optical resolution and seeing will have a different influence on the resulting sunspot counts for images when compared to the human eye. Also contributing to the complex task of counting sunspots is differentiating between a sunspot (which is usually defined as having a darker center (umbra) and lighter outer ring (penumbra)) and a pore, made even more complex by the conflicting definitions of the word "pore" in the solar context: "pore" can mean a small spot without penumbra or "pore" can mean a random intergranular blemish that is not a true sunspot. The overall agreement is that the smallest spot size is near 2,000 km or ~3 arc sec, (Loughhead, R. E. and Bray, R. J. 1961, Australian J. Phys., 14, 347). Sunspot size is dictated by granulation dynamics rather than spot size (cancellation of convective motion), and by the lifetime of the pore, which averages from 10 to 30 minutes. There is no specific aperture required for AAVSO observers contributing sunspot observations. However, the detection of the smallest spots is influenced by the resolution of the telescope. Two factors to consider are the theoretical optical resolution (unobstructed aperture), Rayleigh criterion: theta = 138 / D(mm), and Dawes criterion: theta = 116 / D(mm) (http://www.telescope-optics.net/telescope_resolution.htm). However, seeing is variable with time; daytime range will

  11. EE Cep observations requested for upcoming eclipse

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2014-07-01

    The AAVSO requests observations for the upcoming eclipse of EE Cephei, a long-period eclipsing variable. EE Cep has a period of 2,050 days, and shows strong variations in the eclipse light curve from one event to the next. Observations are needed to study the morphology of the upcoming eclipse, which will be used to better understand the shape of the eclipsing disk and how it precesses. Mid-eclipse is predicted to be August 23, 2014, but the early stages of the eclipse may begin as much as a month earlier. EE Cep is being observed by a number of amateur and professional astronomers using multiple telescopes at multiple wavelengths. Among these is a collaboration (see https://sites.google.com/site/eecep2014campaign/) headed by Cezary Galan at the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center in Poland; several individual AAVSO observers are already participating in this effort. The AAVSO is not currently a partner in that campaign, but all data submitted to the AAVSO will be publicly available. The AAVSO strongly encourages observers to begin following this star now, and to continue observations into October 2014 at least. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details and observations.

  12. Epsilon Aur monitoring during predicted pulsation phase

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.; Templeton, Matthew R.

    2014-09-01

    Dr. Robert Stencel (University of Denver Astronomy Program) has requested that AAVSO observers monitor epsilon Aurigae from now through the end of the observing season. "Studies of the long-term, out-of-eclipse photometry of this enigmatic binary suggest that intervals of coherent pulsation occur at roughly 1/3 of the 27.1-year orbital period. Kloppenborg, et al. noted that stable variation patterns develop at 3,200-day intervals' implying that 'the next span of dates when such events might happen are circa JD ~2457000 (2014 December)'. "These out-of-eclipse light variations often have amplitudes of ~0.1 magnitude in U, and ~0.05 in V, with characteristic timescales of 60-100 days. The AAVSO light curve data to the present may indicate that this coherent phenomenon has begun, but we encourage renewed efforts by observers...to help deduce whether these events are internal to the F star, or externally-driven by tidal interaction with the companion star." Nightly observations or one observation every few days (CCD/PEP/DSLR, VUBR (amplitude too small for visual)) are requested. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. Epsilon Aur was the subject of major international campaigns and the AAVSO's Citizen Sky project as it went through its 27.1-year eclipse in 2009-2011. Over 700 observers worldwide submitted over 20,000 multicolor observations to the AAVSO International Database for this project. Much information on eps Aur is available from the AAVSO, including material on the Citizen Sky website (http://www.aavso.org/epsilon-aurigae and http://www.citizensky.org/content/star-our-project). The Journal of the AAVSO, Volume 40, No. 2 (2012) was devoted to discussion of and research results from this event. See full Alert Notice for more details and observations.

  13. Advancing Variable Star Astronomy: The Centennial History of the American Association of Variable Star Observers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Williams, Thomas R.; Saladyga, Michael

    2011-05-01

    Preface; Part I. Pioneers in Variable Star Astronomy Prior to 1909: 1. The emergence of variable star astronomy - a need for observations; 2. A need for observers; Part II. The Founding of the AAVSO - The William Tyler Olcott Era: 3. The amateur's amateur; 4. Amateurs in the service of science; Part III. The Leon Campbell Era: 5. Leon Campbell to the rescue; 6. Formalizing relationships; 7. The Pickering Memorial Endowment; 8. Fading of the Old Guard; 9. Growing pains and distractions; Part IV. The Service Bureau - The Margaret Mayall Era: 10. Learning about independence; 11. Eviction from Harvard College Observatory; 12. Actions and reactions; 13. In search of a home; 14. Survival on Brattle Street; 15. AAVSO achievements; 16. Breathing room on Concord Avenue; Part V. Analysis and Science: The Janet Mattei Era: 17. The growth of a director; 18. Learning the ropes the hard way; 19. Managing with renewed confidence; 20. Expanding the scientific charter; Part VI. Accelerating Observational Science - The Arne Henden Era: 21. Bridging the gap; 22. Accelerating the science - the Henden era begins; Epilogue; Appendices; Index.

  14. Low-Frequency Temporal Variability in Mira and Semiregular Variables

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Templeton, Matthew R.; Karovska, M.; Waagen, E. O.

    2012-01-01

    We investigate low-frequency variability in a large sample of Mira and semiregular variables with long-term visual light curves from the AAVSO International Database. Our aim is to determine whether we can detect and measure long-timescale variable phenomena in these stars, for example photometric variations that might be associated with supergranular convection. We analyzed the long-term light curves of 522 variable stars of the Mira and SRa, b, c, and d classes. We calculated their low-frequency time-series spectra to characterize rednoise with the power density spectrum index, and then correlate this index with other observable characteristics such as spectral type and primary pulsation period. In our initial analysis of the sample, we see that the semiregular variables have a much broader range of spectral index than the Mira types, with the SRb subtype having the broadest range. Among Mira variables we see that the M- and S-type Miras have similarly wide ranges of index, while the C-types have the narrowest with generally shallower slopes. There is also a trend of steeper slope with larger amplitude, but at a given amplitude, a wide range of slopes are seen. The ultimate goal of the project is to identify stars with strong intrinsic red noise components as possible targets for resolved surface imaging with interferometry.

  15. Observations of V694 Mon (MWC 560) requested for Chandra campaign

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2016-02-01

    Dr. Jeno Sokoloski (Columbia University) and Mr. Adrian Lucy (graduate student, Columbia University) have requested AAVSO observations of the jet-driving symbiotic star V694 Mon (MWC 560), which is in outburst, in support of upcoming Chandra observations to investigate the state of the inner accretion disk during this outburst. Beginning now and continuing through April 2016, Sokoloski writes, "multi-band photometry (UBVRI, but especially UBV), spectroscopy, and minute-time-resolution light curves of the optical flickering are requested. Series of exposures in B or V will be very interesting." Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  16. VStar: Variable star data visualization and analysis tool

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    VStar Team

    2014-07-01

    VStar is a multi-platform, easy-to-use variable star data visualization and analysis tool. Data for a star can be read from the AAVSO (American Association of Variable Star Observers) database or from CSV and TSV files. VStar displays light curves and phase plots, can produce a mean curve, and analyzes time-frequency with Weighted Wavelet Z-Transform. It offers tools for period analysis, filtering, and other functions.

  17. Parallel Group and Sunspot Counts from SDO/HMI and AAVSO Visual Observers (Abstract)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Howe, R.; Alvestad, J.

    2015-06-01

    (Abstract only) Creating group and sunspot counts from the SDO/HMI detector on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite requires software that calculates sunspots from a “white light” intensity-gram (CCD image) and group counts from a filtered CCD magneto-gram. Images from the satellite come from here http://jsoc.stanford.edu/data/hmi/images/latest/ Together these two sets of images can be used to estimate the Wolf number as W = (10g + s), which is used to calculate the American Relative index. AAVSO now has approximately two years of group and sunspot counts in the SunEntry database as SDOH observer Jan Alvestad. It is important that we compare these satellite CCD image data with our visual observer daily submissions to determine if the SDO/HMI data should be included in calculating the American Relative index. These satellite data are continuous observations with excellent seeing. This contrasts with “snapshot” earth-based observations with mixed seeing. The SDO/HIM group and sunspot counts could be considered unbiased, except that they show a not normal statistical distribution when compared to the overall visual observations, which show a Poisson distribution. One challenge that should be addressed by AAVSO using these SDO/HMI data is the splitting of groups and deriving group properties from the magneto-grams. The filtered CCD detector that creates the magento-grams is not something our visual observers can relate too, unless they were to take CCD images in H-alpha and/or the Calcium spectrum line. So, questions remain as to how these satellite CCD image counts can be integrated into the overall American Relative index.

  18. Request to monitor the CV SDSS161033 (1605-00) for HST observations AND TU Cas comparison stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Price, Aaron

    2005-06-01

    AAVSO Alert Notice 319 contains two topics. First: Dr. Paula Szkody (University of Washington) has requested AAVSO assistance in monitoring the suspected UGWZ dwarf nova SDSS J161033 [V386 Ser] for upcoming HST observations. This campaign is similar to the one recently run on SDSS J2205 and SDSS J013132 (AAVSO Alert Notice 318). HST mission planners need to be absolutely sure that SDSS J161033 is not in outburst immediately prior to the scheduled observation; AAVSO observations will be crucial to carrying out the HST program. Nightly V observations are requested June 24-July 1 UT. We are making an unusual request in that we are asking for the FITS images themselves to be uploaded to the AAVSO's FTP site. Second: AAVSO Alert Notice 318 did not specify which stars on the TU Cas PEP chart should be used as comparison and check stars. Also, there was an error on the chart regarding the location of the "83" comparison star [the chart that is available online reflects a corrected location]. Please use the "89" and the "74" stars as your comparison and check stars, respectively. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  19. 20 Cataclysmic variables to be observed by William Herschel Telescope

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2016-05-01

    Roque Ruiz-Carmona (Ph.D. candidate, Institute of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands) has requested AAVSO assistance with his campaign to observe a set of 20 cataclysmic variables (CVs) with the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) at La Palma TONIGHT. This campaign is identical in format to the ones successfully carried out by the AAVSO on his behalf in 2015 (AAVSO Alert Notices 524 and 527). The full details of and instructions for this campaign are included here although the first of the two nights for which data are requested has passed. In order for WHT to observe each of the targets safely and to maximize the science value of the observations obtained, it is essential to know whether they are in outburst or quiescence. To this end, the PI has requested our observers to obtain one image of each target on each of TWO separate nights so he may analyze them to determine the final observing list for WHT. The images must be taken and posted within a certain window. Links to finder charts as well as reporting instructions and other information may be found in the full Alert Notice.

  20. Nova Sco 2016 No. 2 = PNV J17225112-3158349 = ASASSN-16kd

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2016-09-01

    AAVSO Alert Notice 550 announces the independent discovery of Nova Sco 2016 No. 2 = ASASSN-16kd = PNV J17225112-3158349 = V1656 Sco by Shigehisa Fujikawa (Kan'onji, Kagawa, Japan) at unfiltered CCD magnitude 11.6 on 2016 September 06.481 UT; and by ASAS-SN (Stanek et al., ATel #9469) at 12.13 V on 2016 September 06.00 UT. Spectroscopy indicating that Nova Sco 2016 No. 2 is a highly reddened classical Fe II-type nova was obtained by Arai and Honda (CBET 4320); by Bohlsen (ATel #9477); by Bersier et al. (ATel #9478); and by Prieto et al. (ATel #9479). Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  1. Nova Centauri 2013 = PNV J13544700-5909080

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2013-12-01

    Announces the discovery of V1369 Cen = Nova Cen 2013 = PNV J13544700-5909080 by John Seach (Chatsworth Island, NSW, Australia) at unfiltered magnitude 5.5 on 2013 December 02.692 UT. Low-resolution spectra obtained by Locke on Dec. 03.3776 UT and by Kaufman on Dec. 03.621 UT show strong Ha and Hb emission lines, indicating the object is a nova. Announced on IAU CBAT Central Bureau Electronic Telegram 3732 (Daniel W. E. Green, ed.). Finder charts with sequences may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details and observations.

  2. The Shape of Long Outbursts in U Gem Type Dwarf Novae from AAVSO Data

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cannizzo, John K.

    2012-01-01

    We search the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) archives of the two best studied dwarf novae in an attempt to find light curves for long out bursts that are extremely well-characterized. The systems are U Gem and S8 Cyg. Our goal is to search for embedded precursors such as those that have been found recently in the high fidelity Kepler data for superoutbursts of some members of the 8U UMa subclass of dwarf novae. For the vast majority of AAV80 data, the combination of low data cadence and large errors associated with individual measurements precludes one from making any strong statement about the shape of the long outbursts. However, for a small number of outbursts, extensive long term monitoring with digital photometry yields high fidelity light curves. We report the finding of embedded precursors in two of three candidate long outbursts. This reinforces van Paradijs' finding that long outbursts in dwarf novae above the period gap and superoutbursts in systems below the period gap constitute a unified class. The thermal-tidal instability to account for superoutbursts in the SU UMa stars predicts embedded precursors only for short orbital period dwarf novae, therefore the presence of embedded precursors in long orbital period systems - U Gem and SS Cyg - argues for a more general mechanism to explain long outbursts.

  3. Nova Scorpii 2011 = PNV J16551100-3838120

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2011-06-01

    Announces the discovery of Nova Scorpii 2011 = PNV J16551100-3838120 by John Seach (Chatsworth Island, NSW, Australia) on 2011 June 1.40 UT at magnitude 9.5 (DSLR + orange filter). Spectra by Bernard Heathcote (South Yarra, Vic, Australia) on Jun 2.4896 UT, A. Arai, T. Kajikawa, and M. Nagashima (Kyoto Sangyo University, Japan) on 2011 June 2.68 UT, and Masayuki Yamanaka and Ryosuke Itoh (Hiroshima University, Japan) on Jun 2 UT indicate a highly-reddened classical nova. Initially reported to the AAVSO by Seach and announced in AAVSO Special Notice #240 (Arne Henden) and IAU CBET 2735 (Daniel W. E. Green, ed.). The object was designated PNV J18102135-2305306 when posted on the Central Bureau's Transient Objects Confirmation Page (TOCP) webpage. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details, observations, and links to images. [Nova Sco 2011 subsequently assigned the name V1312 Sco

  4. Nova Lupi 2011

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2011-08-01

    Announcement of discovery of Nova Lupi 2011 = PNV J14542000-5505030. Discovered by Nicholas Brown (Quinns Rocks, Western Australia) on 2011 Aug. 4.73 UT at unfiltered mag=10.2 (tmax 400 film). Posted on the IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Transient Object Confirmation Page (TOCP) as PNV J14542000-5505030. Spectra obtained by Fred Walter (SUNY Stony Brook) 2011 August 9.0132 UT with the SMARTS 1.5m RC spectrograph at Cerro Tololo and reported in ATEL #3536 confirms that the object is an Fe II nova near maximum. Initially announced in [vsnet-alert 13560] (Nicholas Brown) and in AAVSO Special Notice #247 (Arne Henden). Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details and observations.

  5. Obituary: Janet Akyüz Mattei, 1943-2004

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Williams, Thomas R.; Willson, Lee Anne

    2004-12-01

    period variables. She accelerated a ten-year project to digitize all of AAVSO's archived as well as current data, without which a century of AAVSO observations would now be nearly inaccessible. In the mid-1970s professional interest in the cataclysmic variables began to ramp up. When she received the first requests for an AAVSO visual observing campaign coordinated with observations by orbiting observatories as well as large ground based telescopes, Janet accepted the invitation as both an opportunity and a challenge. AAVSO observers responded marvelously and, coupled with Janet's astute forecasting of when cataclysmic variables were likely to brighten again, the program emerged as one of the major technical successes of her tenure. Many AAVSO members will never forget their excitement when France Córdova came to our Fall meeting in 1978 to announce to the astronomical world that X-rays from SS Cyg had been detected by HEAO-1 on the first occasion after the satellite reached orbit when AAVSO observers reported that the star was brightening to a maximum. It was a moment of tremendous pride for everyone, most of all for Janet. It was a success that was repeated frequently in over six hundred subsequent coordinated observing runs with various satellites. This success greatly increased the impact of AAVSO on current astronomical research, enhanced its reputation, and also provided a more immediate thrill for the observers than the ongoing commitment to monitor slowly varying stars. The late 1970s and early 1980s were a period of substantial inflation in our nation's economy. Furthermore, staff turnover slowed progress with the data processing work, while observations coming to AAVSO from international variable star organizations and independent observers, especially from behind the iron curtain, were increasing rapidly. Faced with rising costs at the same time additional staff was needed to pursue the data processing problems, Janet reacted characteristically: she began

  6. The VSS RASNZ Variable Star Charts: a Story of Co-Evolution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Plummer, A.; Morel, M.

    2010-06-01

    The background and history of the Charts for Southern Variables of the Variable Star Section of the Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand (VSS RASNZ) is presented. It is seen that while there are some common origins with the charts of the AAVSO, they have undergone their own unique and important development. After much effort the two organizations' chart resources are now compatible and complementary. Some more general but nonetheless important history of the VSS is also mentioned.

  7. Eclipse of epsilon Aurigae

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Templeton, Matthew R.

    2009-07-01

    The bright, long-period, eclipsing binary star epsilon Aurigae is predicted to begin its next eclipse late July or early August of 2009. Epsilon Aurigae is now past solar conjunction and has reappeared as a morning object. All observers -- both visual and instrumental -- are encouraged to contribute observations of the eclipse during the next two years, beginning immediately for morning observers. Observations are urgently requested right now because it is less likely to be observed in the morning, and the eclipse will begin within the next month. The AAVSO is participating in a global campaign to record this eclipse as part of the International Year of Astronomy 2009 celebrations, organized by the Citizen Sky project (http://www.citizensky.org). For experienced visual observers, please observe this star on a weekly basis, using charts available via VSP from the AAVSO website. For novice visual observers, we recommend participating in this observing program by following the Citizen Sky 10-Star tutorial program, which provides a simple training experience in variable star observing. Photoelectric observers belonging to the AAVSO PEP-V program may submit data as usual via the WebObs feature of the AAVSO website Blue&Gold section. Photoelectric observers may also contribute reduced observations in all filters (including infrared J- and H-bands) directly to the AAVSO via WebObs. Observers using wide-field CCD and DSLR systems are also encouraged to participate; avoid saturating the star. For those with narrower-field systems (D < 2 degrees), we recommend taking a large number (10-100) of very short exposures and then stacking the resulting images. Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. Aaron Price is coordinating Citizen Sky for the AAVSO, and Dr. Robert Stencel and Jeffrey Hopkins are co-leading the precision photometry efforts.

  8. Observations of TT Ari requested in support of MOST observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2012-08-01

    Dr. Nikolaus Vogt (Universidad de Valparaiso, Chile) requested simultaneous photometry and spectroscopy of the novalike (VY Scl subtype) cataclysmic variable TT Ari in support of upcoming observations with the Canadian Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars (MOST) satellite 2012 September 13 through October 20. The Departamento de Fisica y Astronomia of the Valparaiso University will carry out photometry with small telescopes in central Chile but the assistance of other observers, particularly in other latitudes and longitudes, is requested. The observations are being carried out to study superhump behavior, which is still not well understood despite the amount of research done in all classes of cataclysmic variables. TT Ari exibits superhumps - both positive (the superhump period is longer than the orbital period) and negative (the superhump period is shorter than the orbital period). While positive superhumps are thought probably to be the result of an eccentric configuration in the accretion disk, the mechanism for negative superhumps is not yet understood except that it may be related to the disk's being warped out of the orbital plane, leading to complex torque phenomena. TT Ari, one of the brightest cataclysmic variables, exhibits occasional fadings of several magnitudes, from its usual high-state (maximum) magnitude of ~10.5V to a low-state magnitude as faint as 16V. These fadings occur every 20-25 years, and last between 500 and 1000 days. According to observations in the AAVSO International Database, TT Ari is currently magnitude 10.5V. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details, particularly regarding goals of the campaign, and observing instructions.

  9. Observations of CI Cam needed to support spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2016-10-01

    Kelly Gourdji and Marcella Wijngaarden (graduate students at the University of Amsterdam/Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy) have requested AAVSO observers' assistance in providing optical photometry of CI Cam in support of their high-resolution spectroscopy from now through January 2017. They write: "...We are currently observing the variable star CI Cam (the B[e] optical counterpart of a HMXB system) with the HERMES spectrograph at the Mercator Telescope in La Palma. Having observed the star for three nights now, the object appears to be in outburst. In particular, H alpha was measured to be 80 times the continuum flux, and increasing between Oct. 9 and 12. This is similar to the previous outburst in 2004/5. Photometric data obtained during the 2004/5 outburst suggested an outburst duration of about 3 months and a peak brightness of 11.2 in the V band." More information is available in ATel #9634 (Wijngaarden et al.). Multiple snapshot observations per night in BVRI are requested beginning immediately and continuing through January 2017. Time series are not necessary unless requested later via an AAVSO Special Notice. Observations made using other filters will be useful as well as long as there are multiple observations in these bands. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  10. IM Nor monitoring requested for HST COS observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2017-02-01

    Dr. Ed Sion (Villanova University) and colleagues have requested AAVSO observers' assistance in monitoring the symbiotic-type recurrent nova IM Nor in support of observations with the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph scheduled for 2017 February 13 - 17 UT. These observations are part of a study on short orbital period recurrent novae as Supernovae Type Ia progenitors. It is essential to know 24 hours prior to the HST COS observations that IM Nor is not in outburst, in order to protect the instrumentation. Also, photometry is needed throughout the HST window to insure knowledge of the brightness of the system. Observers are asked to monitor IM Nor with nightly snapshot images (V preferred) from now through February 20, and to report their observations promptly. It will be especially important to know the brightness of IM Nor each night through February 17 UT. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  11. V5588 SGR = Nova Sagittarii 2011 No. 2 = Pnv J18102135-2305306

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2011-04-01

    Announces the discovery of Nova Sgr 2011 No. 2 = V5588 SGR = PNV J18102135-2305306 by Koichi Nishiyama (Kurume, Japan) and Fujio Kabashima (Miyaki, Japan) on ~ 2011 March 27.832 UT at unfiltered CCD magnitude mag 11.7. Spectra obtained by A. Arai, M. Nagashima, T. Kajikawa, and C. Naka (Koyama Astronomical Observatory, Kyoto Sangyo University) on Mar. 28.725 UT suggest that the object is a classical nova reddened by interstellar matter. The object was designated PNV J18102135-2305306 when posted on the Central Bureau's Transient Objects Confirmation Page (TOCP) webpage. E. Kazarovets, on behalf of the GCVS team, reports that the name V5588 Sgr has been assigned to this nova. It was nitially announced in CBET 2679 (Daniel W. E. Green, ed.) and AAVSO Special Notice #237 (Waagen). Additional information published in IAU Circular 9203 (Green, ed.). Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details and observations.

  12. Request to monitor 0103+59 HT Cas, 0809-76 Z Cha, 1004-69 OY Car AND Request to monitor 2147+13 LS Peg AND Request to monitor 1743-12 V378 Ser (Nova Ser 2005)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2005-06-01

    AAVSO Alert Notice 317 has three topics. First: Drs. Christopher Mauche (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), Peter Wheatley (Univ. of Leicester), and Koji Mukai (NASA GSFC) have obtained time on XMM-Newton to observe HT Cas, Z Cha, or OY Car in outburst. AAVSO assistance is requested in monitoring these stars closely so we can inform them promptly when any of them go into outburst. Very prompt notification is essential, because the satellite requires 2-4 days to move to the target after the observations are triggered, and the superoutbursts of OY Car and Z Cha last only about 10 days, while the HT Cas outbursts last only a little more than 2 days. Second: Dr. Darren Baskill (Univ. of Leicester) has requested optical observations of LS Peg (currently suspected as being a DQ Her nova-like) to coincide with upcoming observations by XMM-Newton. Observations are requested from now until July 8, with time series 12 hours before and after, and also during the XMM observation. Use an Ic or V filter (Ic preferred), maximum time precision, S/N=100. Third: Dr. Alon Retter (Penn State Univ.) has requested AAVSO assistance in observing V378 Ser (Nova Serpentis 2005). Please monitor V378 Ser over the coming weeks as the nova fades and report your observations to the AAVSO. Both visual and CCD observations are encouraged. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  13. Anne S. Young: Professor and Variable Star Observer Extraordinaire

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bracher, Katherine

    2011-05-01

    Anne Sewell Young (1871-1961) was one of the eight original members of the AAVSO, to which she contributed more than 6500 observations over 33 years. She also taught astronomy for 37 years at Mount Holyoke College; among her students was Helen Sawyer Hogg. This paper will look at her life and career both at Mount Holyoke and with the AAVSO.

  14. New Variable Stars in the KP2001 Catalog from the Data Base of the Northern Sky Variability Survey

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Petrosyan, G. V.

    2018-03-01

    The optical variability of stars in the KP2001 catalog is studied. Monitor data from the automatic Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS) are used for this purpose. Of the 257 objects that were studied, 5 are Mira Ceti variables (mirids), 33 are semiregular (SR), and 108 are irregular variables (Ir). The light curves of the other objects show no noticeable signs of variability. For the first time, 11 stars are assigned to the semiregular and 105 stars to the irregular variables. Of the irregular variables, the light curves of two, No. 8 and No. 194, are distinct and are similar to the curves for eclipsing variables. The periods and amplitudes of the mirids and semiregular variables are determined using the "VStar" program package from AAVSO. The absolute stellar magnitudes M K and distances are also estimated, along with the mass loss for the mirids. The behavior of stars from KP2001 in 2MASS and WISE color diagrams is examined.

  15. Observations of V420 Aur (HD 34921) needed to support spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2016-10-01

    Marcella Wijngaarden and Kelly Gourdji (graduate students at the University of Amsterdam/Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy) have requested AAVSO observers' assistance in providing optical photometry of V420 Aur in support of their high-resolution spectroscopy with the Mercator telescope + Hermes spectrograph in La Palma 2016 October 7 through 17. They write: "[V420 Aur (HD 34921) is] the optical Be star that is part of a peculiar High Mass X-ray Binary...[that exhibits highly] complex and variable spectra...it is difficult to construct a physical model of this HMXB system, though based on these observations, the system is thought to contain a B[e] star with a dense plasma region, an accretion disk around a neutron star, a shell and circumstellar regions of cold dust. It has been over a decade since the last spectra were taken, and, given the highly variable nature of this star, we expect new observations to yield new information that will contribute to a better understanding of this system." Observations in BVRI (preferred over other bands) are requested beginning immediately and continuing through October 24. In all cases, timeseries in a few bands (i.e. BVRI) are preferred over single/a few observations in the other bands as it is the variability on relatively short timescales that is most important. "The target is bright so exposures should be long enough to reach good signal to noise in order to see the small variability amplitude but without saturating the target/comparison stars. We will study the variability on several timescales, so observations starting from a few per night to high cadence timeseries are useful." Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  16. Supernova 2011by in NGC 3972 = Psn J11554556+5519338

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2011-04-01

    Announces discovery of SN 2011by = PSN J11554556+5519338 by Zhangwei Jin (Ningbo, Zhejiang, China) and Xing Gao (Urumqi, Xinjiang, China) on 2011 Apr. 26.8234 UT at magnitude ~14.2 (unfiltered CCD). Spectra obtained on 2011 Apr. 27.5 UT by T. Zhang and Z. Zhou (National Astronomical Observatories of China) and X. Wang (Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University) show SN 2011by to be a type-Ia supernova about 10 days before maximum. Initially announced in IAU CBAT Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams 2708 (Daniel W. E. Green, ed.). The object was designated PSN J11554556+5519338 when posted on the Central Bureau's Transient Objects Confirmation Page (TOCP) webpage. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details, observations, and links to images.

  17. Bounds on internal state variables in viscoplasticity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Freed, Alan D.

    1993-01-01

    A typical viscoplastic model will introduce up to three types of internal state variables in order to properly describe transient material behavior; they are as follows: the back stress, the yield stress, and the drag strength. Different models employ different combinations of these internal variables--their selection and description of evolution being largely dependent on application and material selection. Under steady-state conditions, the internal variables cease to evolve and therefore become related to the external variables (stress and temperature) through simple functional relationships. A physically motivated hypothesis is presented that links the kinetic equation of viscoplasticity with that of creep under steady-state conditions. From this hypothesis one determines how the internal variables relate to one another at steady state, but most importantly, one obtains bounds on the magnitudes of stress and back stress, and on the yield stress and drag strength.

  18. Nova Sagittarii 2014 = PNV J18250860-2236024 AND Erratum

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2014-02-01

    Details of discovery of Nova Sagittarii 2014 (PNV J18250860-2236024) and procedures for observing and reporting observations are announced. Discovered by Sigeru Furuyama (Tone-machi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan) andreported by S. Nakano (Sumoto, Japan) at unfiltered CCD magnitude 8.7 on 2014 Jan. 26.857 UT. Coordinates: R.A. 18 25 08.60 Decl. = -22 36 02.4 (2000.0). Nova Sgr 2014 is Fe II-type classical nova past maximum, per low-resolution spectra obtained by A. Arai on 2014 Jan. 30.87 UT. Announced in IAU CBAT CBET 3802 (D. W. E. Green, ed.). Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details and observations. Also, an Erratum is reported. In AAVSO Alert Notice 496, Mati Morel (MMAT, Thornton, NSW, Australia) was credited with the discovery of the 1989 outburst of V745 Sco. The discoverer was William Liller (LIW, Vina del Mar, Chile), who observed V745 Sco on 1989 July 30.08 UT at magnitude 9.7 (PROBLICOM discovery using 2415 film with orange filter).

  19. Supernova 2011fe in M101 (NGC 5457) = PSN J14030581+5416254

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2011-08-01

    The discovery is reported of Supernova 2011fe in NGC 5457 = PSN J14030581+5416254 by the Type Ia supernova science working group of the Palomar Transient Factory, Peter Nugent et al., on 2011 Aug. 24 UT at magnitude 17.2 (g-band, calibrated with respect to the USNO catalog. (Credit for an independent discovery by Mathew Marulla and Tavi Grenier was later rescinded by D. Green, Gentral Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams.) A spectrum obtained on 2011 Aug. 24 UT indicates that SN 2011fe is probably a Type Ia supernova at a very early phase. SN 2011fe was initially announced in ATEL #3581 (Peter Nugent et al.), AAVSO Special Notice #250 (Matthew Templeton), and Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT) Electronic Telegram 2792 (Daniel W. E. Green, ed.). According to Green, the object was designated PSN J14030581+5416254 when posted on the CBAT Transient Objects Confirmation Page (TOCP) webpage. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details, observations, and links to images.

  20. Nova Sco 2011 No. 2 = PNV J16364440-4132340 = PNV J16364300-4132460

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2011-09-01

    Announcement of discovery of Nova Sco 2011 No. 2 = PNV J16364440-4132340 = PNV J16364300-4132460. Discovered independently by John Seach (Chatsworth Island, NSW, Australia, on 2011 Sep. 06.37 UT at mag=9.8 (DSLR)) and by Yuji Nakamura (Kameyama, Mie, Japan, on 2011 Sep. 06.4313 UT at mag=9.7 C (CCD)). Posted on the IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Transient Object Confirmation Page (TOCP) as PNV J16364440-4132340 (Nakamura) and PNV J16364300-4132460 (Seach); identifications consolidated in VSX under PNV J16364440-4132340. Spectra obtained by A. Arai et al. on 2011 Sep. 7.42 UT suggest a highly reddened Fe II-type classical nova. Spectra by F. Walter and J. Seron obtained Sep. 2011 8.091 UT confirm a young galactic nova; they report spectra are reminiscent of an early recurrent nova. Initially announced in AAVSO Special Notice #251 (Matthew Templeton) and IAU Central Bureau Electronic Telegram 2813 (Daniel W. E. Green, ed.). Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details and observations.

  1. Request to monitor 2035-01 AE Aqr for multiwavelength campaign AND Reminder to monitor HT Cas, Z Cha, and OY Car

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2005-08-01

    AAVSO Alert Notice 326 contains two topics. First: Dr. Christopher Mauche (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) has requested our assistance in monitoring the novalike intermediate polar AE Aqr in support of multiwavelength (gamma-ray, X-ray, UV, optical, and radio) observations scheduled for August-September 2005. AAVSO observations, particularly CCD ones, are requested to correlate with these multiwavelength observations; visual observations are also encouraged. Second: as announced in Alert Notice 317, Drs. Christopher Mauche, Peter Wheatley, and Koji Mukai have obtained time on XMM-Newton to observe HT Cas, Z Cha, or OY Car in outburst, and they have requested our assistance in monitoring these stars closely so we can inform them promptly when any of them go into outburst. Very prompt notification is essential because of the time required to trigger the satellite and the shortness of the outbursts of the target stars. Please monitor HT Cas, OY Car, and Z Cha closely from now through at least a month after the last observing window closes, and notify Headquarters immediately if any of the target stars goes into outburst. Both visual and CCD observations are encouraged. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  2. Monitoring of V380 Oph requested in support of HST observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2012-08-01

    On behalf of a large Hubble Space Telescope consortium of which they are members, Dr. Joseph Patterson (Columbia University, Center for Backyard Astrophysics) and Dr. Arne Henden (AAVSO) requested observations from the amateur astronomer community in support of upcoming HST observations of the novalike VY Scl-type cataclysmic variable V380 Oph. The HST observations will likely take place in September but nightly visual observations are needed beginning immediately and continuing through at least October 2012. The astronomers plan to observe V380 Oph while it is in its current low state. Observations beginning now are needed to determine the behavior of this system at minimum and to ensure that the system is not in its high state at the time of the HST observations. V380 Oph is very faint in its low state: magnitude 17 to 19 and perhaps even fainter. Nightly snapshot observations, not time series, are requested, as is whatever technique - adding frames, lengthening exposur! es, etc. - necessary to measure the magnitude. It is not known whether V380 Oph is relatively inactive at minimum or has flares of one to two magnitudes; it is this behavior that is essential to learn in order to safely execute the HST observations. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details. NOTE: This campaign was subsequently cancelled when it was learned V830 Oph was not truly in its low state. See AAVSO Alert Notice 468 for details.

  3. Imaging Variable Stars with HST

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Karovska, Margarita

    2011-05-01

    The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of astronomical sources, ranging from objects in our solar system to objects in the early Universe, have revolutionized our knowledge of the Universe its origins and contents.I will highlight results from HST observations of variable stars obtained during the past twenty or so years. Multiwavelength observations of numerous variable stars and stellar systems were obtained using the superb HST imaging capabilities and its unprecedented angular resolution, especially in the UV and optical. The HST provided the first detailed images probing the structure of variable stars including their atmospheres and circumstellar environments. AAVSO observations and light curves have been critical for scheduling of many of these observations and provided important information and context for understanding of the imaging results of many variable sources. I will describe the scientific results from the imaging observations of variable stars including AGBs, Miras, Cepheids, semi-regular variables (including supergiants and giants), YSOs and interacting stellar systems with a variable stellar components. These results have led to an unprecedented understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of these objects and their place in the stellar evolutionary chains, and in the larger context of the dynamic evolving Universe.

  4. Imaging Variable Stars with HST

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Karovska, M.

    2012-06-01

    (Abstract only) The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of astronomical sources, ranging from objects in our solar system to objects in the early Universe, have revolutionized our knowledge of the Universe its origins and contents. I highlight results from HST observations of variable stars obtained during the past twenty or so years. Multiwavelength observations of numerous variable stars and stellar systems were obtained using the superb HST imaging capabilities and its unprecedented angular resolution, especially in the UV and optical. The HST provided the first detailed images probing the structure of variable stars including their atmospheres and circumstellar environments. AAVSO observations and light curves have been critical for scheduling of many of these observations and provided important information and context for understanding of the imaging results of many variable sources. I describe the scientific results from the imaging observations of variable stars including AGBs, Miras, Cepheids, semiregular variables (including supergiants and giants), YSOs and interacting stellar systems with a variable stellar components. These results have led to an unprecedented understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of these objects and their place in the stellar evolutionary chains, and in the larger context of the dynamic evolving Universe.

  5. NR TrA (Nova TrA 2008) monitoring in support of XMM observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2017-03-01

    Dr. Fred Walter (Stony Brook University) has requested AAVSO observers' assistance in monitoring NR TrA (Nova TrA 2008) in support of upcoming XMM Newton observations. The XMM observations will take place 2017 March 13 06:21 through March 14 10:34 UT. Walter writes: "NR TrA (Nova TrA 2008) is a compact eclipsing system with a 5.5 hour period. It was a normal Fe II nova that, upon reaching quiescence, took on the appearance of a super-soft source in the optical high state, which suggests an extremely high mass accretion rate. The optical spectrum is dominated by hot permitted lines of O VI, N V, C IV, and He II. Some nova-like variables have similar spectra, though generally without the hot emission lines. Primary eclipse is broad - nearly 40% of the orbit - and deeper at shorter wavelengths, which suggests the eclipse of a hot accretion disk. Primary eclipse depth is about 1 mag at V. There appears to be a shallow secondary eclipse.The primary aim [of the XMM observations] is to detect and characterize the eclipse at X-ray and UV wavelengths. We will obtain low cadence BVRI/JHK observations with SMARTS/Andicam. We request AAVSO support to obtain continuous photometric time series simultaneous with the XMM observation. Any filters are acceptable, but standard Johnson B, V or Cousins R, I are preferred. Clear filters are acceptable. Time resolution better than 5 minutes and uncertainties (outside of eclipse) <0.02 mag are preferred. The best ephemeris I have is: minimum light at JD 55956.822 + 0.219109E. This is based on data from 2013-2015." Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  6. Digitizing Olin Eggen's Card Database

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Crast, J.; Silvis, G.

    2017-06-01

    The goal of the Eggen Card Database Project is to recover as many of the photometric observations from Olin Eggen's Card Database as possible and preserve these observations, in digital forms that are accessible by anyone. Any observations of interest to the AAVSO will be added to the AAVSO International Database (AID). Given to the AAVSO on long-term loan by the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, the database is a collection of over 78,000 index cards holding all Eggen's observations made between 1960 and 1990. The cards were electronically scanned and the resulting 108,000 card images have been published as a series of 2,216 PDF files, which are available from the AAVSO web site. The same images are also stored in an AAVSO online database where they are indexed by star name and card content. These images can be viewed using the eggen card portal online tool. Eggen made observations using filter bands from five different photometric systems. He documented these observations using 15 different data recording formats. Each format represents a combination of filter magnitudes and color indexes. These observations are being transcribed onto spreadsheets, from which observations of value to the AAVSO are added to the AID. A total of 506 U, B, V, R, and I observations were added to the AID for the variable stars S Car and l Car. We would like the reader to search through the card database using the eggen card portal for stars of particular interest. If such stars are found and retrieval of the observations is desired, e-mail the authors, and we will be happy to help retrieve those data for the reader.

  7. SN 2017eaw in NGC 6946 (PSN J20344424+6011359)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2017-05-01

    AAVSO Alert Notice 577 announces and reports on the discovery of SN 2017eaw (PSN J20344424+6011359) in NGC 6946 by Patrick Wiggins (Tooele, UT) at unfiltered CCD magnitude 12.8 on 2017 May 14.2383 UT. Spectra indicating the object is a pre-maximum Type II supernova was reported by Y.-C. Cheng et al. (ATel #10374), by D. Xiang et al. (ATel #10376), and by L. Tomasella et al. on behalf of the NUTS collaboration (ATel #10377). Information on the probable progenitor red supergiant was given by R. Khan (ATel #10373), and by S. Van Dyk et al., who,using HST ACS/WFC archival data, reported the probable progenitor to be a red supergiant located approximately 6.4 WFC pixels (about 0.3 arcsec) to the southwest of the discovery position (ATel #10378). A. Kong and K. Li reported that Chandra archival X-ray data (2001-2012) show no X-ray emission correlated with the supernova position; Swift TOO observations from May 14 (two observations 8 hours apart) show X-ray emission present and increasing (ATel #10380). Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  8. CI Aql monitoring needed to support HST observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2016-10-01

    Dr. Edward Sion (Villanova University) has requested AAVSO observers' assistance in monitoring the recurrent nova CI Aql in support of observations with the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph scheduled for October 31 - November 2, 2016, and November 3 - November 5, 2016. These observations are part of a study on short orbital period recurrent novae as Supernovae Type Ia progenitors. It is essential to know 24 hours prior to the HST COS observations that CI Aql is not in outburst, in order to protect the instrumentation. Observers are asked to keep an eye on CI Aql with nightly snapshot images (V preferred) from now until November 12, and to report their observations promptly. It will be especially important to know the brightness of CI Aql each night for October 28 through November 7 UT. Visual observations are welcome. CI Aql (Nova Aql 1917) has had recurrent outbursts in 1941 and 2000, brightening to V 8.5. At minimum it is V 16-16.5 or fainter. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  9. SpecDB: The AAVSO’s Public Repository for Spectra of Variable Stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kafka, Stella; Weaver, John; Silvis, George; Beck, Sara

    2018-01-01

    SpecDB is the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) spectral database. Accessible to any astronomer with the capability to perform spectroscopy, SpecDB provides an unprecedented scientific opportunity for amateur and professional astronomers around the globe. Backed by the Variable Star Index, one of the most utilized variable star catalogs, SpecDB is expected to become one of the world leading databases of its kind. Once verified by a team of expert spectroscopists, an observer can upload spectra of variable stars target easily and efficiently. Uploaded spectra can then be searched for, previewed, and downloaded for inclusion in publications. Close community development and involvement will ensure a user-friendly and versatile database, compatible with the needs of 21st century astrophysics. Observations of 1D spectra are submitted as FITS files. All spectra are required to be preprocessed for wavelength calibration and dark subtraction; Bias and flat are strongly recommended. First time observers are required to submit a spectrum of a standard (non-variable) star to be checked for errors in technique or equipment. Regardless of user validation, FITS headers must include several value cards detailing the observation, as well as information regarding the observer, equipment, and observing site in accordance with existing AAVSO records. This enforces consistency and provides necessary details for follow up analysis. Requirements are provided to users in a comprehensive guidebook and accompanying technical manual. Upon submission, FITS headers are automatically checked for errors and any anomalies are immediately fed back to the user. Successful candidates can then submit at will, including multiple simultaneous submissions. All published observations can be searched and interactively previewed. Community involvement will be enhanced by an associated forum where users can discuss observation techniques and suggest improvements to the database.

  10. eJAAVSO | aavso.org

    Science.gov Websites

    Institute CCD School Videos Student Projects Two Eyes, 3D Variable Star Astronomy H-R Diagram Plotting CHOICE Online Institute CCD School Videos Student Projects Two Eyes, 3D Variable Star Astronomy H-R

  11. A possible giant planet orbiting the cataclysmic variable LX Ser

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Kai; Hu, Shaoming; Zhou, Jilin; Wu, Donghong; Guo, Difu; Jiang, Yunguo; Gao, Dongyang; Chen, Xu; Wang, Xianyu

    2017-04-01

    LX Ser is a deeply eclipsing cataclysmic variable with an orbital period of 0.1584325 d. 62 new eclipse times were determined by our observations and the AAVSO International Data base. Combining all available eclipse times, we analyzed the O - C behavior of LX Ser. We found that the O - C diagram of LX Ser shows a sinusoidal oscillation with a period of 22.8 yr and an amplitude of 0.00035 d. Two mechanisms (i.e., the Applegate mechanism and the light-travel time effect) are applied to explain the cyclic modulation. We found that it is difficult to apply the Applegate mechanism to explain the cyclic oscillation in the orbital period. Therefore, the cyclic period change is most likely to be caused by the light-travel time effect due to the presence of a third body. The mass of the tertiary component was determined to be M3 ∼ 7.5 MJup. We supposed that the tertiary companion is plausibly a giant planet. The stability of the giant planet was checked, and we found that the multiple system is stable.

  12. Beta Pic observations requested for BRITE-Constellation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2017-01-01

    The AAVSO is part of the BRITE-Constellation Ground Based Observations Team (GBOT), supporting cutting-edge science from the BRITE-Constellation satellites and coordinating with BRITE-Constellation scientist Dr. Konstanze Zwintz (Universitaet Innsbruck) and her team. The delta Scuti star beta Pic (NSV 16683) (3.80-3.86V) is one of the BRITE stars being focused on during this season. Bet Pic is particularly interesting now because a transit of the star's planet's Hill sphere (the region around a planet in which it dominates the attraction of satellites) is predicted to occur during 2017-2018. Ongoing observations beginning now are valuable to establish a baseline prior to the transit. The AAVSO's webpage on the BRITE target stars was updated in November with information on bet Pic from Dr. Zwintz. AAVSO observers with appropriate equipment and located at a southern enough latitude are encouraged to observe bet Pic. Its brightness makes bet Pic well suited to PEP and DSLR photometry; CCD photometry is also possible. However, great care must be taken by all observers, especially those using CCD, to avoid saturation. As the amplitude of this star is very small, visual observations are very difficult, but they are welcome. Multicolor (BVR) photometry better than 0.01 magnitude and time-series observations with a cadence of a few minutes (less than 10 minutes) are requested beginning now and continuing at least through 2017 and likely through 2018. The precision and cadence required are essential in order for the data to be most useful for studying the transit. Spectroscopists wishing to participate should submit their spectra directly to Dr. Konstanze Zwintz (konstanze.zwintz@uibk.ac.at). Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  13. Visual Observing Manual | aavso.org

    Science.gov Websites

    Institute CCD School Videos Student Projects Two Eyes, 3D Variable Star Astronomy H-R Diagram Plotting Student Projects Two Eyes, 3D Variable Star Astronomy H-R Diagram Plotting Activity Reporting Variable

  14. British variable star associations, 1848-1908

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Toone, J.

    2010-06-01

    The study of variable stars lagged some distance behind solar system, positional (double star) and deep sky research until the middle part of the 19th century. Then, following F. W. A. Argelander's pioneering work in the 1840s, there was a striking increase in variable star research, particularly in Europe. The transformation was to such an extent that in the second half of the 19th century there were three attempts at forming variable star associations within Great Britain. The first in 1863 was the ASOVS, which never got off the ground. The second in 1883 was the LAS VSS, which was successfully launched but had somewhat limited achievements. The third launched in 1890 was the BAA VSS which was eventually both a resounding and lasting success. This paper is an outline history of these three associations up to a position of one hundred years ago (1908). [A summary version of this paper was presented at the joint meeting of the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) and British Astronomical Association Variable Star Section (BAA VSS) held at Cambridge, UK, on 2008 April 11.

  15. FO Aqr time-series observations requested

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2016-07-01

    Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  16. Campaign of AAVSO Monitoring of the CH Cyg Symbiotic System in Support of Chandra and HST Observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Karovska, M.

    2013-06-01

    (Abstract only) CH Cyg is one of the most interesting interacting binaries in which a compact object, a white dwarf or a neutron star, accretes from the wind of an evolved giant or supergiant. CH Cyg is a member of the symbiotic systems group, and at about 250pc it is one of the closest systems. Symbiotic systems are accreting binaries, which are likely progenitors of a fraction of Pre-Planetary and Planetary Nebulae, and of a fraction of SN type Ia (the cosmic distance scale indicators). We carried out Chandra and HST observations of CH Cyg in March 2012 as part of a follow-up investigation of the central region of CH Cyg and its precessing jet, including the multi-structures that were discovered in 2008. I will describe here the campaign of multi-wavelength observations, including photometry and spectroscopy, that were carried out by AAVSO members in support of the space-based observations.

  17. Request for Observations of V405 Peg

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Templeton, Matthew R.

    2009-12-01

    Dr. Axel Schwope (Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam) requests time-series monitoring of the magnetic cataclysmic variable V405 Pegasi from 2009 December 28 through 2009 December 30. These observations are requested in support of a planned XMM-Newton observation of V405 Peg on 2009 December 29 beginning at 18:51 UT (JD 2455195.2854) and continuing for 12.5 hours. Observers are asked to provide intensive coverage during the three day window centered on the XMM-Newton observation to provide information on the activity state of V405 Peg, to improve the orbital ephemeris, and to provide optical data that will help constrain the spectral energy distribution of this poorly understood cataclysmic variable. The primary filters for this observation are Johnson B and Cousins I, but all observations will be useful for determining the orbital ephemeris. V405 Peg may show both orbital modulation as well as changes in its activity level. The orbital period is approximately four hours, and observers are asked to obtain at least ten and preferably more data points per cycle in each filter. Please use exposure times that provide S/N of at least 20 in both the comparison and target stars but short exposure times are preferred to detect flickering and other short-timescale variations. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  18. Observations of the eclipsing binary b Persei

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Templeton, Matthew R.

    2015-01-01

    Dr. Robert Zavala (USNO-Flagstaff) et al. request V time-series observations of the bright variable star b Persei 7-21 January 2015 UT, in hopes of catching a predicted eclipse on January 15. This is a follow-up to the February 2013 campaign announced in Alert Notice 476, and will be used as a photometric comparison for upcoming interferometric observations with the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI) in Arizona. b Per (V=4.598, B-V=0.054) is ideal for photoelectric photometers or DSLR cameras. Telescopic CCD observers may observe by stopping down larger apertures. Comparison and check stars assigned by PI: Comp: SAO 24412, V=4.285, B-V = -0.013; Check: SAO 24512, V=5.19, B-V = -0.05. From the PI: "[W]e wanted to try and involve AAVSO observers in a follow up to our successful detection of the b Persei eclipse of Feb 2013, AAVSO Alert Notice 476 and Special Notice 333. Our goal now is to get good time resolution photometry as the third star passes in front of the close ellipsoidal binary. The potential for multiple eclipses exists. The close binary has a 1.5 day orbital period, and the eclipsing C component requires about 4 days to pass across the close binary pair. The primary eclipse depth is 0.15 magnitude. Photometry to 0.02 or 0.03 mags would be fine to detect this eclipse. Eclipse prediction date (JD 2457033.79 = 2015 01 11 UT, ~+/- 1 day) is based on one orbital period from the 2013 eclipse." More information is available at PI's b Persei eclipse web page: http://inside.warren-wilson.edu/~dcollins/bPersei/. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details and information on the targets.

  19. Digital Archiving: Where the Past Lives Again

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Paxson, K. B.

    2012-06-01

    The process of digital archiving for variable star data by manual entry with an Excel spreadsheet is described. Excel-based tools including a Step Magnitude Calculator and a Julian Date Calculator for variable star observations where magnitudes and Julian dates have not been reduced are presented. Variable star data in the literature and the AAVSO International Database prior to 1911 are presented and reviewed, with recent archiving work being highlighted. Digitization using optical character recognition software conversion is also demonstrated, with editing and formatting suggestions for the OCR-converted text.

  20. Southern Clusters for Standardizing CCD Photometry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moon, T. T.

    2017-06-01

    Standardizing photometric measurements typically involves undertaking all-sky photometry. This can be laborious and time-consuming and, for CCD photometry, particularly challenging. Transforming photometry to a standard system is, however, a crucial step when routinely measuring variable stars, as it allows photoelectric measurements from different observers to be combined. For observers in the northern hemisphere, standardized UBVRI values of stars in open clusters such as M67 and NGC 7790 have been established, greatly facilitating quick and accurate transformation of CCD measurements. Recently the AAVSO added the cluster NGC 3532 for southern hemisphere observers to similarly standardize their photometry. The availability of NGC 3532 standards was announced on the AAVSO Variable Star Observing, Photometry forum on 27 October 2016. Published photometry, along with some new measurements by the author, provide a means of checking these NGC 3532 standards which were determined through the AAVSO's Bright Star Monitor (BSM) program (see: https://www.aavso.org/aavsonet-epoch-photometry-database). New measurements of selected stars in the open clusters M25 and NGC 6067 are also included.

  1. Outburst of the recurrent nova V745 Sco

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2014-02-01

    The outburst of the recurrent nova V745 Sco (Nova Sco 1937) by Rod Stubbings (Tetoora Road, VIC, Australia) at visual magnitude 9.0 on 2014 February 6.694 UT is reported. This recurrent nova is fading quickly. Follow-up observations of all types (visual, CCD, DSLR) are strongly encouraged, as is spectroscopy; fast time-series of this nova may be useful to detect possible flaring activity as was observed during the outburst of U Scorpii in 2010. Coincident time-series by multiple observers would be most useful for such a study, with a V-filter being preferred. Observations reported to the AAVSO International Database show V745 Sco at visual mag. 10.2 on 2014 Feb. 07.85833 UT (A. Pearce, Nedlands, W. Australia). Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. Previous outbursts occurred in 1937 and 1989. The 1937 outburst was detected in 1958 (in decline at magnitude 11.0 on 1937 May 11.1 UT; outburst had occurred within the previous 19 days) by Lukas Plaut on plates taken by Hendrik van Gent at the Leiden Observatory; the object was announced as Nova Sco 1937 and later assigned the GCVS name V745 Sco. The 1989 outburst was detected on 1989 August 1.55 UT by Mati Morel (MMAT, Thornton, NSW, Australia) at visual magnitude 10.4 and in decline. Dr. Bradley Schaefer (Louisiana State University) reports (2010ApJS..187..275S) in his comprehensive analysis of the 10 known galactic recurrent novae (including V745 Sco) that the median interval between recurrent novae outbursts is 24 years. The interval since the 1989 outburst of V745 Sco is 24.10 years. See the Alert Notice for additional visual and multicolor photometry and for more details.

  2. Internal Interdecadal Variability in CMIP5 Control Simulations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cheung, A. H.; Mann, M. E.; Frankcombe, L. M.; England, M. H.; Steinman, B. A.; Miller, S. K.

    2015-12-01

    Here we make use of control simulations from the CMIP5 models to quantify the amplitude of the interdecadal internal variability component in Atlantic, Pacific, and Northern Hemisphere mean surface temperature. We compare against estimates derived from observations using a semi-empirical approach wherein the forced component as estimated using CMIP5 historical simulations is removed to yield an estimate of the residual, internal variability. While the observational estimates are largely consistent with those derived from the control simulations for both basins and the Northern Hemisphere, they lie in the upper range of the model distributions, suggesting the possibility of differences between the amplitudes of observed and modeled variability. We comment on some possible reasons for the disparity.

  3. On the use of internal state variables in thermoviscoplastic constitutive equations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Allen, D. H.; Beek, J. M.

    1985-01-01

    The general theory of internal state variables are reviewed to apply it to inelastic metals in use in high temperature environments. In this process, certain constraints and clarifications will be made regarding internal state variables. It is shown that the Helmholtz free energy can be utilized to construct constitutive equations which are appropriate for metallic superalloys. Internal state variables are shown to represent locally averaged measures of dislocation arrangement, dislocation density, and intergranular fracture. The internal state variable model is demonstrated to be a suitable framework for comparison of several currently proposed models for metals and can therefore be used to exhibit history dependence, nonlinearity, and rate as well as temperature sensitivity.

  4. Monitoring of Northern dwarf novae for radio jets campaign

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2014-10-01

    accreting binary systems. These observations will decide if either CVs do show jets and thus support a universal link between accretion and ejection, or if they do not show jets, further constraining future jet models." The radio jet, if it exists in any of these nine systems, is expected to be seen shortly after the beginning of the outburst (as it was in SS Cyg). Catching the outburst as it is just starting and reporting that information to AAVSO HQ immediately is crucial, as the astronomers need to be alerted, make their decision whether to trigger the VLA observations, and allow enough time for the VLA to start the observations. Please observe these systems NIGHTLY (visual, CCD V) and report all observations as soon as is practical. In the event of an outburst, please report your observations as quickly as you can via WebObs, and also notify Dr. Matthew Templeton and Elizabeth Waagen at AAVSO Headquarters and Deanne Coppejans. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details and information on the targets.

  5. Period Changes in Pulsating Red Supergiant Stars: A Science and Education Project

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Percy, J. R.; Favaro, E.; Glasheen, J.; Ho, B.; Sato, H.

    2008-12-01

    We describe research done as part of the University of Toronto Mentorship Program, which enables outstanding senior high school students to work on research projects at the university. The students began with extensive background reading on variable stars, and became familiar with various forms of time-series analysis by applying them to a few red supergiant variables in the AAVSO International Database; we report on the results. They also prepared a useful manual for our publicly-available self-correlation analysis software. They undertook an intensive analysis of the period changes in BC Cyg, using the AAVSO and Turner data and the (O-C) method, in the hope that evolutionary period changes could be observed. The (O-C) diagram, however, is dominated by errors in determining the times of maximum, and by the effects of cycle-to-cycle period fluctuations. As a result, the (O-C) method is generally not effective for these stars. We also describe the Mentorship Program and its elements, and reflect on the students' experience.

  6. Impact of internal variability on projections of Sahel precipitation change

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Monerie, Paul-Arthur; Sanchez-Gomez, Emilia; Pohl, Benjamin; Robson, Jon; Dong, Buwen

    2017-11-01

    The impact of the increase of greenhouse gases on Sahelian precipitation is very uncertain in both its spatial pattern and magnitude. In particular, the relative importance of internal variability versus external forcings depends on the time horizon considered in the climate projection. In this study we address the respective roles of the internal climate variability versus external forcings on Sahelian precipitation by using the data from the CESM Large Ensemble Project, which consists of a 40 member ensemble performed with the CESM1-CAM5 coupled model for the period 1920-2100. We show that CESM1-CAM5 is able to simulate the mean and interannual variability of Sahel precipitation, and is representative of a CMIP5 ensemble of simulations (i.e. it simulates the same pattern of precipitation change along with equivalent magnitude and seasonal cycle changes as the CMIP5 ensemble mean). However, CESM1-CAM5 underestimates the long-term decadal variability in Sahel precipitation. For short-term (2010-2049) and mid-term (2030-2069) projections the simulated internal variability component is able to obscure the projected impact of the external forcing. For long-term (2060-2099) projections external forcing induced change becomes stronger than simulated internal variability. Precipitation changes are found to be more robust over the central Sahel than over the western Sahel, where climate change effects struggle to emerge. Ten (thirty) members are needed to separate the 10 year averaged forced response from climate internal variability response in the western Sahel for a long-term (short-term) horizon. Over the central Sahel two members (ten members) are needed for a long-term (short-term) horizon.

  7. Miras and Janet Mattei

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Willson, L. A.

    2005-08-01

    Janet Mattei appears among the authors on over 70 papers concerning Mira variables or related classes of red variables. She contributed to the planning or execution of some of the research in this area, but more often appeared as representative for the thousands of AAVSO observers world wide. Janet also helped to start several observational programs concerning particular types of variables, and was involved with the planning and/or data analysis on space missions that observed these stars. In this review I put her contributions, and the AAVSO's contributions while she was Director, into a general context of work in this field.

  8. Monitoring of CH Cyg requested for Chandra and HST observations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2012-03-01

    Dr. Margarita Karovska, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, has requested visual and photometric observations of the symbiotic variable CH Cyg in preparation for and support of Chandra and HST observations scheduled for later in March 2012. Dr. Karovska's observations will be a followup investigation of the central region of CH Cyg and its jet that was discovered a couple of years ago. AAVSO observations are requested in order to monitor the state of the system and correlate with the satellite observations. Visual observations and CCD/PEP observations in all bands - U through J and H - are requested. Daily observations now through April 2012 and high-speed photometry through March would be appreciated. CH Cyg is currently at visual magnitude 7.7. Halpha, OIII region, and optical spectroscopy are also requested. More details on the exact dates and times of the satellite observations will be announced when they become available, but daily monitoring should begin now. [HST observations scheduled for 2012 March 18; Chandra delayed some days due to X-class solar flare of 2012 March 7.] Coordinates: RA 19 24 33.07 Dec. +50 14 29.1 (J2000.0). Finder charts may be created and data from the AAVSO International Database may be viewed, plotted, or downloaded (www.aavso.org).

  9. Supernova 2011at = PSN J09285756-1448206 in MCG -02-24-27

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2011-03-01

    Announces the discovery of SN 2011at = PSN J09285756-1448206 in MCG -02-24-27 by Lou Cox, Jack Newton, and Tim Puckett (Ellijay, GA, in the course of the Puckett Observatory Supernova Search) on 2011 March 10.214 UT at unfiltered CCD magnitude 14.5. Spectra obtained March 11.81 UT with the Swift satellite (+UVOT) by F. Bufano (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Catania), S. Benetti (INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova), and A. Pastorello (Queen's University, Belfast, et al.); and on March 12 UT with the F. L. Whipple Observatory 1.5-m telescope (+FAST) by M. Calkins (reported by G. H. Marion, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), on behalf of the CfA Supernova Group) show SN 2011at to be a type-Ia supernova a few days before/around maximum. The object was designated PSN J09285756-1448206 when posted on the Central Bureau's Transient Objects Confirmation Page (TOCP) webpage. Initially announced in CBET 2676 (Daniel W. ! E. Green, ed.). Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (http://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  10. A New Binary Star System of EW Type in Draco: GSC 03905-01870

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barquin, S.

    2018-05-01

    Discovery of a new binary star system (GSC 03905-01870 = USNO-B1.0 1431-0327922 = UCAC4 716-059522) in the Draco constellation is presented. It was discovered during a search for previously unreported eclipsing binary stars through the ASAS-SN database. The shape of the light curve and its characteristics (period of 0.428988+-0.000001 d, amplitude of 0.34+-0.02 V Mag, primary minimum epoch HJD 2457994.2756+-0.0002) indicates that the new variable star is an eclipsing binary of W Ursae Majoris type. I registered this variable star in The International Variable Star Index (VSX), its AAVSO UID is 000-BMP-891.

  11. An Overview of the Swinburne Online Astronomy Courses

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dempsey, F.

    2013-06-01

    (Abstract only) An overview of the online astronomy courses at Swinburne University of Technology is presented for the benefit of AAVSO members who might be interested in the courses or programs. The decision to take the online Master's degree in astronomy at Swinburne was a natural evolution from being interested in astronomy at an early age, being an amateur astronomer all my life, and being a variable star observer and member of the AAVSO for the past several decades. This presentation provides an overview of the program and examples of the course materials, assignments, and projects that may provide some idea of the commitment and expectations for AAVSO members considering the program.

  12. V390 Nor = Nova Normae 2007

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2007-06-01

    Nova Normae 2007 was discovered photographically by William Liller on June 15.086 UT at magnitude 9.4. Precise position measured by G. Bolt from his unfiltered CCD image of June 16.7 UT: 16:32:11.51 -45:09:13.4 (2000.0). Giorgio Di Scala reported to the AAVSO that a low-resolution spectrum indicates a nova a week or so after outburst, with strong H-alpha emission. E. Kazarovets, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, reports that N Nor 07 has been assigned the name V390 Nor. Discovery originally announced in IAU Central Bureau Electronic Telegram 982 (Daniel W. E. Green) and AAVSO Special Notice #49 (Arne Henden). Information in this Alert Notice was received at AAVSO from William Liller, Giorgio Di Scala, or via IAU Circular No. 8850, ed. Daniel W. E. Green. A chart for V390 Nor is available via the Variable Star Plotter (VSP). Go to: http://www.aavso.org/observing/charts/vsp/ and enter the name V390 NOR.

  13. Role of Internal Variability in Surface Temperature and Precipitation Change Uncertainties over India.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Achutarao, K. M.; Singh, R.

    2017-12-01

    There are various sources of uncertainty in model projections of future climate change. These include differences in the formulation of climate models, internal variability, and differences in scenarios. Internal variability in a climate system represents the unforced change due to the chaotic nature of the climate system and is considered irreducible (Deser et al., 2012). Internal variability becomes important at regional scales where it can dominate forced changes. Therefore it needs to be carefully assessed in future projections. In this study we segregate the role of internal variability in the future temperature and precipitation projections over the Indian region. We make use of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project - phase 5 (CMIP5; Taylor et al., 2012) database containing climate model simulations carried out by various modeling centers around the world. While the CMIP5 experimental protocol recommended producing numerous ensemble members, only a handful of the modeling groups provided multiple realizations. Having a small number of realizations is a limitation in producing a quantification of internal variability. We therefore exploit the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LE; Kay et al., 2014) dataset which contains a 40 member ensemble of a single model- CESM1 (CAM5) to explore the role of internal variability in Future Projections. Surface air temperature and precipitation change projections over regional and sub-regional scale are analyzed under the IPCC emission scenario (RCP8.5) for different seasons and homogeneous climatic zones over India. We analyze the spread in projections due to internal variability in the CESM-LE and CMIP5 datasets over these regions.

  14. Estimating the impact of internal climate variability on ice sheet model simulations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tsai, C. Y.; Forest, C. E.; Pollard, D.

    2016-12-01

    Rising sea level threatens human societies and coastal habitats and melting ice sheets are a major contributor to sea level rise (SLR). Thus, understanding uncertainty of both forcing and variability within the climate system is essential for assessing long-term risk of SLR given their impact on ice sheet evolution. The predictability of polar climate is limited by uncertainties from the given forcing, the climate model response to this forcing, and the internal variability from feedbacks within the fully coupled climate system. Among those sources of uncertainty, the impact of internal climate variability on ice sheet changes has not yet been robustly assessed. Here we investigate how internal variability affects ice sheet projections using climate fields from two Community Earth System Model (CESM) large-ensemble (LE) experiments to force a three-dimensional ice sheet model. Each ensemble member in an LE experiment undergoes the same external forcings but with unique initial conditions. We find that for both LEs, 2m air temperature variability over Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) can lead to significantly different ice sheet responses. Our results show that the internal variability from two fully coupled CESM LEs can cause about 25 35 mm differences of GrIS's contribution to SLR in 2100 compared to present day (about 20% of the total change), and 100m differences of SLR in 2300. Moreover, only using ensemble-mean climate fields as the forcing in ice sheet model can significantly underestimate the melt of GrIS. As the Arctic region becomes warmer, the role of internal variability is critical given the complex nonlinear interactions between surface temperature and ice sheet. Our results demonstrate that internal variability from coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model can affect ice sheet simulations and the resulting sea-level projections. This study highlights an urgent need to reassess associated uncertainties of projecting ice sheet loss over the next few

  15. Spurious One-Month and One-Year Periods in Visual Observations of Variable Stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Percy, J. R.

    2015-12-01

    Visual observations of variable stars, when time-series analyzed with some algorithms such as DC-DFT in vstar, show spurious periods at or close to one synodic month (29.5306 days), and also at about a year, with an amplitude of typically a few hundredths of a magnitude. The one-year periods have been attributed to the Ceraski effect, which was believed to be a physiological effect of the visual observing process. This paper reports on time-series analysis, using DC-DFT in vstar, of visual observations (and in some cases, V observations) of a large number of stars in the AAVSO International Database, initially to investigate the one-month periods. The results suggest that both the one-month and one-year periods are actually due to aliasing of the stars' very low-frequency variations, though they do not rule out very low-amplitude signals (typically 0.01 to 0.02 magnitude) which may be due to a different process, such as a physiological one. Most or all of these aliasing effects may be avoided by using a different algorithm, which takes explicit account of the window function of the data, and/or by being fully aware of the possible presence of and aliasing by very low-frequency variations.

  16. On the Temporal Variability of Low-Mode Internal Tides in the Deep Ocean

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ray, Richard D.; Zaron, E. D.

    2010-01-01

    In situ measurements of internal tides are typically characterized by high temporal variability, with strong dependence on stratification, mesoscale eddies, and background currents commonly observed. Thus, it is surprising to find phase-locked internal tides detectable by satellite altimetry. An important question is how much tidal variability is missed by altimetry. We address this question in several ways. We subset the altimetry by season and find only very small changes -- an important exception being internal tides in the South China Sea where we observe strong seasonal dependence. A wavenumber-domain analysis confirms that throughout most of the global ocean there is little temporal variability in altimetric internal-tide signals, at least in the first baroclinic mode, which is the mode that dominates surface elevation. The analysis shows higher order modes to be significantly more variable. The results of this study have important practical implications for the anticipated SWOT wide-swath altimeter mission, for which removal of internal tide signals is critical for observing non-tidal submesoscale phenomena.

  17. An 'Observational Large Ensemble' to compare observed and modeled temperature trend uncertainty due to internal variability.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Poppick, A. N.; McKinnon, K. A.; Dunn-Sigouin, E.; Deser, C.

    2017-12-01

    Initial condition climate model ensembles suggest that regional temperature trends can be highly variable on decadal timescales due to characteristics of internal climate variability. Accounting for trend uncertainty due to internal variability is therefore necessary to contextualize recent observed temperature changes. However, while the variability of trends in a climate model ensemble can be evaluated directly (as the spread across ensemble members), internal variability simulated by a climate model may be inconsistent with observations. Observation-based methods for assessing the role of internal variability on trend uncertainty are therefore required. Here, we use a statistical resampling approach to assess trend uncertainty due to internal variability in historical 50-year (1966-2015) winter near-surface air temperature trends over North America. We compare this estimate of trend uncertainty to simulated trend variability in the NCAR CESM1 Large Ensemble (LENS), finding that uncertainty in wintertime temperature trends over North America due to internal variability is largely overestimated by CESM1, on average by a factor of 32%. Our observation-based resampling approach is combined with the forced signal from LENS to produce an 'Observational Large Ensemble' (OLENS). The members of OLENS indicate a range of spatially coherent fields of temperature trends resulting from different sequences of internal variability consistent with observations. The smaller trend variability in OLENS suggests that uncertainty in the historical climate change signal in observations due to internal variability is less than suggested by LENS.

  18. The Pan-STARRS 1 Medium Deep Field Variable Star Catalog

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Flewelling, Heather

    2016-01-01

    We present the first Pan-STARRS 1 Medium Deep Field Variable Star Catalog (PS1-MDF-VSC). The Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1) telescope is a 1.8 meter survey telescope with a 1.4 Gigapixel camera, located in Haleakala, Hawaii. The Medium Deep survey, which consists of 10 fields located uniformly across the sky, totaling 70 square degrees, is observed each night, in 2-3 filters per field, with 8 exposures per filter, resulting in 3000-4000 data points per star over a time span of 3.5 years. To find the variables, we select objects with > 200 detections, and remove those flagged as saturated. No other cuts are used. There are approximately 2.4 million objects that fit this criteria, with magnitudes between 13th and 24th. These objects are then passed through a lomb-scargle fitting routine to determine periodicity. After a periodicity cut, the candidates are classified by eye into different types of variable stars. We have identified several thousand periodic variable stars, with periods ranging between a few minutes to a few days. We compare our findings to the variable star catalogs within Vizier and AAVSO. In particular, for field MD02, we recover all the variables that are faint in Vizier, and we find good agreement with the periods reported in Vizier.

  19. Caroline Furness and the Evolution of Visual Variable Star Observing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larsen, Kristine

    2017-01-01

    An Introduction to the Study of Variable Stars by Dr. Caroline Ellen Furness (1869-1936), Director of the Vassar College Observatory, was published in October 2015. Issued in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Vassar College, the work was meant to fill a void in the literature, namely as both an introduction to the topic of variable stars as well as a manual explaining how they should be observed and the resulting data analyzed. It was judged to be one of the hundred best books written by an American woman in the last hundred years at the 1933 World’s Fair in Chicago. The book covers the relevant history of and background on types of variable stars, star charts, catalogs, and the magnitude scale, then describes observing techniques, including visual, photographic, and photoelectric photometry. The work finishes with a discussion of light curves and patterns of variability, with a special emphasis on eclipsing binaries and long period variables. Furness’s work is therefore a valuable snapshot of the state of astronomical knowledge, technology, and observing techniques from a century ago. Furness’s book and its reception in the scientific community are analyzed, and parallels with (and departures from) the current advice given by the AAVSO to beginning variable star observers today are highlighted.

  20. Engaging Generation Now, Inspiring Generation Next

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Simonsen, Mike; Gay, P.

    2008-05-01

    In 2008, the Education and Public Outreach Committee of the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) initiated several new strategies for disseminating accurate, stimulating, engaging information on general astronomy and variable star science to thousands of students, parents, and amateur astronomers each year through astronomy clubs, societies, and star party events. We are initiating contact with astronomy clubs and organizations to offer qualified speakers from the AAVSO Speakers Bureau for their meetings and activities. The current roster of speakers include, professional astronomers, doctors, engineers, teachers and some of the world's leading variable star observers. Request information is available on the AAVSO website. For organizations and individuals unable to engage one of our speakers due to time, distance or financial constraints, we have made PowerPoint presentations used in previous talks available free for download from the same web pages. Thousands of amateur astronomers and their children attend star parties each year. As an extension of our speakers’ bureau, our goal is to have an AAVSO representative at each of the major star parties each year giving an enthusiastic talk on variable stars or related astronomical subject and supplying inspirational printed materials on astronomy and amateur contributions to science. The nation's largest astronomy clubs have monthly newsletters they distribute to their membership. Newsletter editors are constantly in need of quality, interesting content to fill out their issues each month. We are offering a `writers’ bureau’ service to newsletter editors, similar to the news wire services used by newspapers. We will supply up to a half dozen articles on astronomy and variable star science each month for editors to use at their discretion in their publications. Our goal is to provide information, inspiration and encourage participation among amateur astronomers and their kids, our next

  1. Monitoring of EPIC 204278916 requested

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2017-04-01

    Dr. Carlo Manara (ESA Science and Technology SCI-S, the Netherlands) and colleagues have requested AAVSO assistance in monitoring the young, disk-bearing low-mass (M type) pre-main-sequence star EPIC 204278916 (2MASS J16020757-2257467). Dr. Manara reports that this star showed "a very interesting dimming event in August-September 2014 which may be caused by transiting material (exo-comets like) (Scaringi et al., 2016MNRAS.463.2265S, https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016MNRAS.tmp.1267S/abstract). It would be very useful to know whether this event has any periodicity in order to constrain the possible scenario...The major dimming [up to 65%] we see is 1.2 mag in V, others are 0.5-0.8 mag" in V. He also notes that "the dimming event we saw lasted for some 25 days, although the most extreme event was 1 day long. Based on the noisy WASP data we have [there are] some suggestions that the event happens every 100 days, but we are not sure about it." Manara requests ongoing monitoring of this system to look for additional dimming events and to observe any that are seen, so that he and his colleagues may determine if periodicity exists in these events and to study its nature. Beginning now and continuing until further notice, nightly observations in V are requested. Weekly observations in B are also requested. If a dimming event occurs, observations in V and B at a higher cadence are requested. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  2. AR Sco observing campaign

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2016-08-01

    Dr. Thomas Marsh (University of Warwick) and colleagues have requested AAVSO coverage of the intriguing binary AR Sco in support of upcoming Newton-XMM observations scheduled for 2016 September 10 15:41 - September 11 02:26 UT. This fascinating binary system is the subject of an exciting paper in the July 2016 issue of Nature (Marsh et al., 2016Natur.537..374M; pre-print version at arXiv (http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.08265). Marsh writes of their research on AR Sco: "...it was down to [the amateurs [who are co-authors] on the paper that we got onto it in the first place. Coverage immediately before, after and (especially) during [the XMM observations] would be great. The most challenging aspect is the time resolution: ideally one wants a cadence < 29 seconds because of the strong harmonic of the basic 2 minute period, and the faster the better. Observers should use whatever filter (including clear/white light) is needed to allow them to match this constraint. Accurate timing is also essential - the centres of the exposures need to be known to better than ± 2 seconds, and preferably better." A page of materials on AR Sco related to the Nature paper may be found at http://deneb.astro.warwick.ac.uk/phsaap/arsco-info/ . Item #9 on that page is a YouTube video of a fascinating movie Dr. Marsh made of AR Sco from their data (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJGAv2jCF4s&feature=youtu.be). Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  3. Monitoring of Swift J1357.2-0933 (CRTS J135716.8-093238) requested

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2017-04-01

    10-20, and 5 at a minimum, is requested. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  4. Influence of internal variability on population exposure to hydroclimatic changes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mankin, Justin S.; Viviroli, Daniel; Mekonnen, Mesfin M.; Hoekstra, Arjen Y.; Horton, Radley M.; E Smerdon, Jason; Diffenbaugh, Noah S.

    2017-04-01

    Future freshwater supply, human water demand, and people’s exposure to water stress are subject to multiple sources of uncertainty, including unknown future pathways of fossil fuel and water consumption, and ‘irreducible’ uncertainty arising from internal climate system variability. Such internal variability can conceal forced hydroclimatic changes on multi-decadal timescales and near-continental spatial-scales. Using three projections of population growth, a large ensemble from a single Earth system model, and assuming stationary per capita water consumption, we quantify the likelihoods of future population exposure to increased hydroclimatic deficits, which we define as the average duration and magnitude by which evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation in a basin. We calculate that by 2060, ∽31%-35% of the global population will be exposed to >50% probability of hydroclimatic deficit increases that exceed existing hydrological storage, with up to 9% of people exposed to >90% probability. However, internal variability, which is an irreducible uncertainty in climate model predictions that is under-sampled in water resource projections, creates substantial uncertainty in predicted exposure: ∽86%-91% of people will reside where irreducible uncertainty spans the potential for both increases and decreases in sub-annual water deficits. In one population scenario, changes in exposure to large hydroclimate deficits vary from -3% to +6% of global population, a range arising entirely from internal variability. The uncertainty in risk arising from irreducible uncertainty in the precise pattern of hydroclimatic change, which is typically conflated with other uncertainties in projections, is critical for climate risk management that seeks to optimize adaptations that are robust to the full set of potential real-world outcomes.

  5. Relative controls of external and internal variability on time-variable transit time distributions, and the importance of StorAge Selection function approaches

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, M.; Pangle, L. A.; Cardoso, C.; Lora, M.; Meira, A.; Volkmann, T. H. M.; Wang, Y.; Harman, C. J.; Troch, P. A. A.

    2015-12-01

    Transit time distributions (TTDs) are an efficient way of characterizing complex transport dynamics of a hydrologic system. Time-invariant TTD has been studied extensively, but TTDs are time-varying under unsteady hydrologic systems due to both external variability (e.g., time-variability in fluxes), and internal variability (e.g., time-varying flow pathways). The use of "flow-weighted time" has been suggested to account for the effect of external variability on TTDs, but neglects the role of internal variability. Recently, to account both types of variability, StorAge Selection (SAS) function approaches were developed. One of these approaches enables the transport characteristics of a system - how the different aged water in the storage is sampled by the outflow - to be parameterized by time-variable probability distribution called the rank SAS (rSAS) function, and uses it directly to determine the time-variable TTDs resulting from a given timeseries of fluxes in and out of a system. Unlike TTDs, the form of the rSAS function varies only due to changes in flow pathways, but is not affected by the timing of fluxes alone. However, the relation between physical mechanisms and the time-varying rSAS functions are not well understood. In this study, relative effects of internal and external variability on the TTDs are examined using observations from a homogeneously packed 1 m3 sloping soil lysimeter. The observations suggest the importance of internal variability on TTDs, and reinforce the need to account for this variability using time-variable rSAS functions. Furthermore, the relative usefulness of two other formulations of SAS functions and the mortality rate (which plays a similar role to SAS functions in the McKendrick-von Foerster model of age-structured population dynamics) are also discussed. Finally, numerical modeling is used to explore the role of internal and external variability for hydrologic systems with diverse geomorphic and climate characteristics

  6. A Thermodynamical Theory with Internal Variables Describing Thermal Effects in Viscous Fluids

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ciancio, Vincenzo; Palumbo, Annunziata

    2018-04-01

    In this paper the heat conduction in viscous fluids is described by using the theory of classical irreversible thermodynamics with internal variables. In this theory, the deviation from the local equilibrium is characterized by vectorial internal variables and a generalized entropy current density expressed in terms of so-called current multipliers. Cross effects between heat conduction and viscosity are also considered and some phenomenological generalizations of Fourier's and Newton's laws are obtained.

  7. Assessing the role of internal climate variability in Antarctica's contribution to future sea-level rise

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tsai, C. Y.; Forest, C. E.; Pollard, D.

    2017-12-01

    The Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) has the potential to be a major contributor to future sea-level rise (SLR). Current projections of SLR due to AIS mass loss remain highly uncertain. Better understanding of how ice sheets respond to future climate forcing and variability is essential for assessing the long-term risk of SLR. However, the predictability of future climate is limited by uncertainties from emission scenarios, model structural differences, and the internal variability that is inherently generated within the fully coupled climate system. Among those uncertainties, the impact of internal variability on the AIS changes has not been explicitly assessed. In this study, we quantify the effect of internal variability on the AIS evolutions by using climate fields from two large-ensemble experiments using the Community Earth System Model to force a three-dimensional ice sheet model. We find that internal variability of climate fields, particularly atmospheric fields, among ensemble members leads to significantly different AIS responses. Our results show that the internal variability can cause about 80 mm differences of AIS contribution to SLR by 2100 compared to the ensemble-mean contribution of 380-450 mm. Moreover, using ensemble-mean climate fields as the forcing in the ice sheet model does not produce realistic simulations of the ice loss. Instead, it significantly delays the onset of retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet for up to 20 years and significantly underestimates the AIS contribution to SLR by 0.07-0.11 m in 2100 and up to 0.34 m in the 2250's. Therefore, because the uncertainty caused by internal variability is irreducible, we seek to highlight a critical need to assess the role of internal variability in projecting the AIS loss over the next few centuries. By quantifying the impact of internal variability on AIS contribution to SLR, policy makers can obtain more robust estimates of SLR and implement suitable adaptation strategies.

  8. R Aqr observing campaign

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2016-01-01

    evolves throughout the eclipse. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.

  9. ASASSN-17fp rebrightening event and ongoing monitoring

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2017-05-01

    ASASSN-17fp, discovered on 2017 April 28 and classified as a helium dwarf nova, was observed to be in outburst again on May 16 after fading 2.5 magnitudes from its original outburst. Dr. Tom Marsh (University of Warwick) and Dr. Elme Breedt (University of Cambridge) requested immediate time-series coverage. Dr. Breedt wrote: "The transient was identified as a helium dwarf nova (also known as an AMCVn star) from a spectrum taken by the PESSTO survey and reported in ATel #10334. Since then, we have been observing the target using the New Technology Telescope on La Silla in Chile. We measured a photometric period of 51 minutes in the first few nights during which the object was bright at g=16.03 (Marsh et al., ATel #10354), and then it faded to about g 18. However last night [ May 16] it brightened back to g 16 again, apparently starting a second outburst. Time series observations during this bright state would be very valuable to determine whether the 51 min period we saw in earlier data returns, and whether it is the orbital period of the binary or related to the distortion of the accretion disc in outburst (superhumps). If the 51 min signal is the orbital period or close to it, this would be the helium dwarf nova with the longest orbital period known. Multiple successive outbursts are not uncommon in binaries like this..." Observers should continue to monitor ASASSN-17fp with nightly snapshots for two weeks after it fades, in case it rebrightens again. It appears to have faded, according to an observation in the AAVSO International Database by F.-J. Hambsch (HMB, Mol, Belgium), who observed it remotely from Chile on 2017 May 24.2252 UT at magnitude 19.944 CV ± 0.595. Continue nightly snapshots through June 6 at least, and if it brightens again, resume time series. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Databa! se. See full Alert Notice

  10. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Mira stars discovered in LAMOST DR4 (Yao+, 2017)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yao, Y.; Liu, C.; Deng, L.; de Grijs, R.; Matsunaga, N.

    2017-10-01

    By the end of 2016 March, the wide-field Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) DR4 catalog had accumulated 7681185 spectra (R=1800), of which 6898298 were of stars. We compiled a photometrically confirmed sample of Mira variables from the Kiso Wide-Field Camera (KWFC) Intensive Survey of the Galactic Plane (KISOGP; Matsunaga 2017, arXiv:1705.08567), the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) International Database Variable Star Index (VSX; Watson 2006, B/vsx, version 2017-05-02; we selected stars of variability type "M"), and the SIMBAD Astronomical Database. We first cross-matched the KISOGP and VSX Miras with the LAMOST DR4 catalog. Finally, we cross-matched the DR4 catalog with the SIMBAD database. See section 2. (1 data file).

  11. The role of internal climate variability for interpreting climate change scenarios

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maraun, Douglas

    2013-04-01

    When communicating information on climate change, the use of multi-model ensembles has been advocated to sample uncertainties over a range as wide as possible. To meet the demand for easily accessible results, the ensemble is often summarised by its multi-model mean signal. In rare cases, additional uncertainty measures are given to avoid loosing all information on the ensemble spread, e.g., the highest and lowest projected values. Such approaches, however, disregard the fundamentally different nature of the different types of uncertainties and might cause wrong interpretations and subsequently wrong decisions for adaptation. Whereas scenario and climate model uncertainties are of epistemic nature, i.e., caused by an in principle reducible lack of knowledge, uncertainties due to internal climate variability are aleatory, i.e., inherently stochastic and irreducible. As wisely stated in the proverb "climate is what you expect, weather is what you get", a specific region will experience one stochastic realisation of the climate system, but never exactly the expected climate change signal as given by a multi model mean. Depending on the meteorological variable, region and lead time, the signal might be strong or weak compared to the stochastic component. In cases of a low signal-to-noise ratio, even if the climate change signal is a well defined trend, no trends or even opposite trends might be experienced. Here I propose to use the time of emergence (TOE) to quantify and communicate when climate change trends will exceed the internal variability. The TOE provides a useful measure for end users to assess the time horizon for implementing adaptation measures. Furthermore, internal variability is scale dependent - the more local the scale, the stronger the influence of internal climate variability. Thus investigating the TOE as a function of spatial scale could help to assess the required spatial scale for implementing adaptation measures. I exemplify this proposal with

  12. Current and Future Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Carbon Uptake Are Dominated by Internal Variability

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Hongmei; Ilyina, Tatiana

    2018-01-01

    We investigate the internal decadal variability of the ocean carbon uptake using 100 ensemble simulations based on the Max Planck Institute Earth system model (MPI-ESM). We find that on decadal time scales, internal variability (ensemble spread) is as large as the forced temporal variability (ensemble mean), and the largest internal variability is found in major carbon sink regions, that is, the 50-65°S band of the Southern Ocean, the North Pacific, and the North Atlantic. The MPI-ESM ensemble produces both positive and negative 10 year trends in the ocean carbon uptake in agreement with observational estimates. Negative decadal trends are projected to occur in the future under RCP4.5 scenario. Due to the large internal variability, the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific require the most ensemble members (more than 53 and 46, respectively) to reproduce the forced decadal trends. This number increases up to 79 in future decades as CO2 emission trajectory changes.

  13. The influence of internal climate variability on heatwave frequency trends

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    E Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S.; Fischer, E. M.; Angélil, O.; Gibson, P. B.

    2017-04-01

    Understanding what drives changes in heatwaves is imperative for all systems impacted by extreme heat. We examine short- (13 yr) and long-term (56 yr) heatwave frequency trends in a 21-member ensemble of a global climate model (Community Earth System Model; CESM), where each member is driven by identical anthropogenic forcings. To estimate changes dominantly due to internal climate variability, trends were calculated in the corresponding pre-industrial control run. We find that short-term trends in heatwave frequency are not robust indicators of long-term change. Additionally, we find that a lack of a long-term trend is possible, although improbable, under historical anthropogenic forcing over many regions. All long-term trends become unprecedented against internal variability when commencing in 2015 or later, and corresponding short-term trends by 2030, while the length of trend required to represent regional long-term changes is dependent on a given realization. Lastly, within ten years of a short-term decline, 95% of regional heatwave frequency trends have reverted to increases. This suggests that observed short-term changes of decreasing heatwave frequency could recover to increasing trends within the next decade. The results of this study are specific to CESM and the ‘business as usual’ scenario, and may differ under other representations of internal variability, or be less striking when a scenario with lower anthropogenic forcing is employed.

  14. On the role of "internal variability" on soil erosion assessment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Jongho; Ivanov, Valeriy; Fatichi, Simone

    2017-04-01

    Empirical data demonstrate that soil loss is highly non-unique with respect to meteorological or even runoff forcing and its frequency distributions exhibit heavy tails. However, all current erosion assessments do not describe the large associated uncertainties of temporal erosion variability and make unjustified assumptions by relying on central tendencies. Thus, the predictive skill of prognostic models and reliability of national-scale assessments have been repeatedly questioned. In this study, we attempt to reveal that the high variability in soil losses can be attributed to two sources: (1) 'external variability' referring to the uncertainties originating at macro-scale, such as climate, topography, and land use, which has been extensively studied; (2) 'geomorphic internal variability' referring to the micro-scale variations of pedologic properties (e.g., surface erodibility in soils with multi-sized particles), hydrologic properties (e.g., soil structure and degree of saturation), and hydraulic properties (e.g., surface roughness and surface topography). Using data and a physical hydraulic, hydrologic, and erosion and sediment transport model, we show that the geomorphic internal variability summarized by spatio-temporal variability in surface erodibility properties is a considerable source of uncertainty in erosion estimates and represents an overlooked but vital element of geomorphic response. The conclusion is that predictive frameworks of soil erosion should embed stochastic components together with deterministic assessments, if they do not want to largely underestimate uncertainty. Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education (2016R1D1A1B03931886).

  15. Internal Variability-Generated Uncertainty in East Asian Climate Projections Estimated with 40 CCSM3 Ensembles.

    PubMed

    Yao, Shuai-Lei; Luo, Jing-Jia; Huang, Gang

    2016-01-01

    Regional climate projections are challenging because of large uncertainty particularly stemming from unpredictable, internal variability of the climate system. Here, we examine the internal variability-induced uncertainty in precipitation and surface air temperature (SAT) trends during 2005-2055 over East Asia based on 40 member ensemble projections of the Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3). The model ensembles are generated from a suite of different atmospheric initial conditions using the same SRES A1B greenhouse gas scenario. We find that projected precipitation trends are subject to considerably larger internal uncertainty and hence have lower confidence, compared to the projected SAT trends in both the boreal winter and summer. Projected SAT trends in winter have relatively higher uncertainty than those in summer. Besides, the lower-level atmospheric circulation has larger uncertainty than that in the mid-level. Based on k-means cluster analysis, we demonstrate that a substantial portion of internally-induced precipitation and SAT trends arises from internal large-scale atmospheric circulation variability. These results highlight the importance of internal climate variability in affecting regional climate projections on multi-decadal timescales.

  16. International Space University variable gravity research facility design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bailey, Sheila G.; Chiaramonte, Francis P.; Davidian, Kenneth J.

    1994-03-01

    A manned mission to Mars will require long travel times between Earth and Mars. However, exposure to long-duration zero gravity is known to be harmful to the human body. Some of the harmful effects are loss of heart and lung capacity, inability to stand upright, muscular weakness, and loss of bone calcium. A variable gravity research facility (VGRF) that will be placed in low Earth orbit (LEO) was designed by students of the International Space University 1989 Summer Session held in Strasbourg, France, to provide a testbed for conducting experiments in the life and physical sciences in preparation for a mission to Mars. This design exercise was unique because it addressed all aspects concerning a large space project. This report describes the VGRF design that was developed by international participants specializing in the following areas: the politics of international cooperation; engineering, architecture; in-space physiological, materials, and life science experimentation; data communications; and business and management.

  17. Nonlinear waves in solids with slow dynamics: an internal-variable model.

    PubMed

    Berjamin, H; Favrie, N; Lombard, B; Chiavassa, G

    2017-05-01

    In heterogeneous solids such as rocks and concrete, the speed of sound diminishes with the strain amplitude of a dynamic loading (softening). This decrease, known as 'slow dynamics', occurs at time scales larger than the period of the forcing. Also, hysteresis is observed in the steady-state response. The phenomenological model by Vakhnenko et al. (2004 Phys. Rev. E 70, 015602. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.70.015602)) is based on a variable that describes the softening of the material. However, this model is one dimensional and it is not thermodynamically admissible. In the present article, a three-dimensional model is derived in the framework of the finite-strain theory. An internal variable that describes the softening of the material is introduced, as well as an expression of the specific internal energy. A mechanical constitutive law is deduced from the Clausius-Duhem inequality. Moreover, a family of evolution equations for the internal variable is proposed. Here, an evolution equation with one relaxation time is chosen. By construction, this new model of the continuum is thermodynamically admissible and dissipative (inelastic). In the case of small uniaxial deformations, it is shown analytically that the model reproduces qualitatively the main features of real experiments.

  18. Nonlinear waves in solids with slow dynamics: an internal-variable model

    PubMed Central

    Berjamin, H.; Favrie, N.; Chiavassa, G.

    2017-01-01

    In heterogeneous solids such as rocks and concrete, the speed of sound diminishes with the strain amplitude of a dynamic loading (softening). This decrease, known as ‘slow dynamics’, occurs at time scales larger than the period of the forcing. Also, hysteresis is observed in the steady-state response. The phenomenological model by Vakhnenko et al. (2004 Phys. Rev. E 70, 015602. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.70.015602)) is based on a variable that describes the softening of the material. However, this model is one dimensional and it is not thermodynamically admissible. In the present article, a three-dimensional model is derived in the framework of the finite-strain theory. An internal variable that describes the softening of the material is introduced, as well as an expression of the specific internal energy. A mechanical constitutive law is deduced from the Clausius–Duhem inequality. Moreover, a family of evolution equations for the internal variable is proposed. Here, an evolution equation with one relaxation time is chosen. By construction, this new model of the continuum is thermodynamically admissible and dissipative (inelastic). In the case of small uniaxial deformations, it is shown analytically that the model reproduces qualitatively the main features of real experiments. PMID:28588408

  19. Studies of the Long Secondary Periods in Pulsating Red Giants. II. Lower-Luminosity Stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Percy, J. R.; Leung, H. W.

    2017-06-01

    We have used AAVSO visual and photoelectric V data, and the AAVSO time-series package VSTAR and the Lomb-Scargle time-series algorithm to determine improved pulsation periods, "long secondary periods" (LSPs), and their amplitudes in 51 shorter-period pulsating red giants in the AAVSO photoelectric photometry program, and in the AAVSO long-period variable (LPV) binocular program. As is well known, radial pulsation becomes detectable in red giants at about spectral type M0, with periods of about 20 days. We find that the LSP phenomenon is also first detectable at about M0. Pulsation and LSP amplitudes increase from near zero to about 0.1 at pulsation periods of 100 days. At longer periods, the pulsation amplitudes continue to increase, but the LSP amplitudes are generally between 0.1 and 0.2 on average. The ratios of LSP to pulsation period cluster around 5 and 10, presumably depending on whether the pulsation period is the fundamental or first overtone. The pulsation and LSP phase curves are generally close to sinusoidal, except when the amplitude is small, in which case they may be distorted by observational scatter or, in the case of the LSP amplitude, by the pulsational variability. As with longer-period stars, the LSP amplitude i ncreases and decreases by a factor of two or more, for unknown reasons, on a time scale of about 20 LSPs. The LSP phenomenon is thus present and similar in radially pulsating red giants of all periods. Its cause remains unknown.

  20. Atlas of the Light Curves and Phase Plane Portraits of Selected Long-Period Variables

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kudashkina, L. S.; Andronov, I. L.

    2017-12-01

    For a group of the Mira-type stars, semi-regular variables and some RV Tau - type stars the limit cycles were computed and plotted using the phase plane diagrams. As generalized coordinates x and x', we have used φ - the brightness of the star and its phase derivative. We have used mean phase light curves using observations of various authors from the databases of AAVSO, AFOEV, VSOLJ, ASAS and approximated using a trigonometric polynomial of statistically optimal degree. For a simple sine-like light curve, the limit cycle is a simple ellipse. In a case of more complicated light curve, in which harmonics are statistically significant, the limit cycle has deviations from the ellipse. In an addition to a classical analysis, we use the error estimates of the smoothing function and its derivative to constrain an "error corridor" in the phase plane.

  1. Does internal variability change in response to global warming? A large ensemble modelling study of tropical rainfall

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Milinski, S.; Bader, J.; Jungclaus, J. H.; Marotzke, J.

    2017-12-01

    There is some consensus on mean state changes of rainfall under global warming; changes of the internal variability, on the other hand, are more difficult to analyse and have not been discussed as much despite their importance for understanding changes in extreme events, such as droughts or floodings. We analyse changes in the rainfall variability in the tropical Atlantic region. We use a 100-member ensemble of historical (1850-2005) model simulations with the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1) to identify changes of internal rainfall variability. To investigate the effects of global warming on the internal variability, we employ an additional ensemble of model simulations with stronger external forcing (1% CO2-increase per year, same integration length as the historical simulations) with 68 ensemble members. The focus of our study is on the oceanic Atlantic ITCZ. We find that the internal variability of rainfall over the tropical Atlantic does change due to global warming and that these changes in variability are larger than changes in the mean state in some regions. From splitting the total variance into patterns of variability, we see that the variability on the southern flank of the ITCZ becomes more dominant, i.e. explaining a larger fraction of the total variance in a warmer climate. In agreement with previous studies, we find that changes in the mean state show an increase and narrowing of the ITCZ. The large ensembles allow us to do a statistically robust differentiation between the changes in variability that can be explained by internal variability and those that can be attributed to the external forcing. Furthermore, we argue that internal variability in a transient climate is only well defined in the ensemble domain and not in the temporal domain, which requires the use of a large ensemble.

  2. Uncertainties in Future Regional Sea Level Trends: How to Deal with the Internal Climate Variability?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Becker, M.; Karpytchev, M.; Hu, A.; Deser, C.; Lennartz-Sassinek, S.

    2017-12-01

    Today, the Climate models (CM) are the main tools for forecasting sea level rise (SLR) at global and regional scales. The CM forecasts are accompanied by inherent uncertainties. Understanding and reducing these uncertainties is becoming a matter of increasing urgency in order to provide robust estimates of SLR impact on coastal societies, which need sustainable choices of climate adaptation strategy. These CM uncertainties are linked to structural model formulation, initial conditions, emission scenario and internal variability. The internal variability is due to complex non-linear interactions within the Earth Climate System and can induce diverse quasi-periodic oscillatory modes and long-term persistences. To quantify the effects of internal variability, most studies used multi-model ensembles or sea level projections from a single model ran with perturbed initial conditions. However, large ensembles are not generally available, or too small, and computationally expensive. In this study, we use a power-law scaling of sea level fluctuations, as observed in many other geophysical signals and natural systems, which can be used to characterize the internal climate variability. From this specific statistical framework, we (1) use the pre-industrial control run of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model (NCAR-CCSM) to test the robustness of the power-law scaling hypothesis; (2) employ the power-law statistics as a tool for assessing the spread of regional sea level projections due to the internal climate variability for the 21st century NCAR-CCSM; (3) compare the uncertainties in predicted sea level changes obtained from a NCAR-CCSM multi-member ensemble simulations with estimates derived for power-law processes, and (4) explore the sensitivity of spatial patterns of the internal variability and its effects on regional sea level projections.

  3. Long-term Internal Variability of the Tropical Pacific Atmosphere-Ocean System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hadi Bordbar, Mohammad; Martin, Thomas; Park, Wonsun; Latif, Mojib

    2016-04-01

    The tropical Pacific has featured some remarkable trends during the recent decades such as an unprecedented strengthening of the Trade Winds, a strong cooling of sea surface temperatures (SST) in the eastern and central part, thereby slowing global warming and strengthening the zonal SST gradient, and highly asymmetric sea level trends with an accelerated rise relative to the global average in the western and a drop in the eastern part. These trends have been linked to an anomalously strong Pacific Walker Circulation, the major zonal atmospheric overturning cell in the tropical Pacific sector, but the origin of the strengthening is controversial. Here we address the question as to whether the recent decadal trends in the tropical Pacific atmosphere-ocean system are within the range of internal variability, as simulated in long unforced integrations of global climate models. We show that the recent trends are still within the range of long-term internal decadal variability. Further, such variability strengthens in response to enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations, which may further hinder detection of anthropogenic climate signals in that region.

  4. Progress in Quantitative Viral Load Testing: Variability and Impact of the WHO Quantitative International Standards

    PubMed Central

    Sun, Y.; Tang, L.; Procop, G. W.; Hillyard, D. R.; Young, S. A.; Caliendo, A. M.

    2016-01-01

    ABSTRACT It has been hoped that the recent availability of WHO quantitative standards would improve interlaboratory agreement for viral load testing; however, insufficient data are available to evaluate whether this has been the case. Results from 554 laboratories participating in proficiency testing surveys for quantitative PCR assays of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), BK virus (BKV), adenovirus (ADV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) were evaluated to determine overall result variability and then were stratified by assay manufacturer. The impact of calibration to international units/ml (CMV and EBV) on variability was also determined. Viral loads showed a high degree of interlaboratory variability for all tested viruses, with interquartile ranges as high as 1.46 log10 copies/ml and the overall range for a given sample up to 5.66 log10 copies/ml. Some improvement in result variability was seen when international units were adopted. This was particularly the case for EBV viral load results. Variability in viral load results remains a challenge across all viruses tested here; introduction of international quantitative standards may help reduce variability and does so more or less markedly for certain viruses. PMID:27852673

  5. Minimum-Light Spectral Classifications for M-Type Mira Variables

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wing, Robert F.

    2015-08-01

    Many bright, well-known Mira variables, including most of the 378 stars for which the AAVSO publishes predicted dates of maximum and minimum in its annual Bulletins, have never been spectroscopically observed close to the time of minimum light, and consequently their catalogued ranges in spectral type are often grossly and misleadingly under-represented. In an effort to improve this situation, for the past 12 years I have been using my 6-color system of narrow-band classification photometry to observe Miras predicted to be near minimum light at the times of my biannual observing runs with the CTIO 0.9-m telescope (operated by the SMARTS consortium). The 6-color system measures the 7100 A band of TiO, which serves to classify stars in the interval K4 to M8, and the 1.06 micron band of VO, which is effective for stars of type M8 and later. To date I have made 431 observations of approximately 220 different (and mostly southern) Miras. Examples are shown of the observed 6-color spectra, and the classifications derived from them.

  6. The inter-outburst behavior of cataclysmic variables

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Szkody, Paula; Mattei, Janet A.; Waagen, Elizabeth O.; Stablein, Clay

    1990-01-01

    Existing International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) and American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) archive data was used to accomplish a large scale study of what happens to the ultraviolet flux of accretion disk systems during the quiescent intervals between outbursts and how it relates to the preceding outburst characteristics of amplitude and width. The data sample involved multiple IUE observations for 16 dwarf novae and 8 novae along with existing optical coverage. Results indicate that most systems show correlated ultraviolet (UV) flux behavior with interoutburst phase, with 60 percent of the dwarf novae and 50 percent of the novae having decreasing flux trends while 33 percent of the dwarf novae and 38 percent of the novae show rising UV flux during the quiescent interval. All of the dwarf novae with decreasing UV fluxes at 1475A have orbital periods longer than 4.4 hours, while all (except BV Cen) with flat or rising fluxes at 1475A have orbital periods less than two hours. There are not widespread correlations of the UV fluxes with the amplitude of the preceding outburst and no correlations with the width of the outburst. From a small sample (7) that have relatively large quiescent V magnitude changes between the IUE observations, most show a strong correlation between the UV and optical continuum. Interpretation of the results is complicated by not being able to determine how much the white dwarf contributes to the ultraviolet flux. However, it is now evident that noticeable changes are occurring in the hot zones in accreting systems long after the outburst, and not only for systems that are dominated by the white dwarf. Whether these differences are due to different outburst mechanisms or to changes on white dwarfs which provide varying contributions to the UV flux remains to be determined.

  7. Internal and International Mobility as Adaptation to Climatic Variability in Contemporary Mexico: Evidence from the Integration of Census and Satellite Data.

    PubMed

    Leyk, Stefan; Runfola, Dan; Nawrotzki, Raphael J; Hunter, Lori M; Riosmena, Fernando

    2017-08-01

    Migration provides a strategy for rural Mexican households to cope with, or adapt to, weather events and climatic variability. Yet prior studies on "environmental migration" in this context have not examined the differences between choices of internal (domestic) or international movement. In addition, much of the prior work relied on very coarse spatial scales to operationalize the environmental variables such as rainfall patterns. To overcome these limitations, we use fine-grain rainfall estimates derived from NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. The rainfall estimates are combined with Population and Agricultural Census information to examine associations between environmental changes and municipal rates of internal and international migration 2005-2010. Our findings suggest that municipal-level rainfall deficits relative to historical levels are an important predictor of both international and internal migration, especially in areas dependent on seasonal rainfall for crop productivity. Although our findings do not contradict results of prior studies using coarse spatial resolution, they offer clearer results and a more spatially nuanced examination of migration as related to social and environmental vulnerability and thus higher degrees of confidence.

  8. Internal versus external controls on age variability: Definitions, origins and implications in a changing climate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Helton, A. M.; Poole, G. C.; Payn, R. A.; Izurieta, C.; Wright, M.; Bernhardt, E. S.; Stanford, J. A.

    2014-12-01

    The unsteadiness of stream water age is now well established, but the controls on the age dynamics, and the adequate representation and prediction of those dynamics, are not. A basic distinction can be made between internal variability that arises from changes in the proportions of flow moving through the diverse flow pathways of a hydrologic system, and external variability that arises from the stochasticity of inputs and outputs (such as precipitation and streamflow). In this talk I will show how these two types of age variability can be formally defined and distinguished within the framework of rank StorAge Selection (rSAS) functions. Internal variability implies variations in time in the rSAS function, while external variability does not. This leads naturally to the definition of several modes of internal variability, reflecting generic ways that system flowpaths may be rearranged. This rearrangement may be induced by fluctuations in the system state (such as catchment wetness), or by longer-term changes in catchment structure (such as land use change). One type of change, the 'inverse storage effect' is characterized by an increase in the release of young water from the system in response to an increase in overall system storage. This effect can be seen in many hydrologic settings, and has important implications for the effect of altered hydroclimatic conditions on solute transport through a landscape. External variability, such as increased precipitation, can induce a decrease in mean transit time (and vice versa), but this effect is greatly enhanced if accompanied by an internal shift in flow pathways that increases the relative importance of younger water. These effects will be illustrated using data from field and experimental studies.

  9. Internal versus external controls on age variability: Definitions, origins and implications in a changing climate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Harman, C. J.

    2015-12-01

    The unsteadiness of stream water age is now well established, but the controls on the age dynamics, and the adequate representation and prediction of those dynamics, are not. A basic distinction can be made between internal variability that arises from changes in the proportions of flow moving through the diverse flow pathways of a hydrologic system, and external variability that arises from the stochasticity of inputs and outputs (such as precipitation and streamflow). In this talk I will show how these two types of age variability can be formally defined and distinguished within the framework of rank StorAge Selection (rSAS) functions. Internal variability implies variations in time in the rSAS function, while external variability does not. This leads naturally to the definition of several modes of internal variability, reflecting generic ways that system flowpaths may be rearranged. This rearrangement may be induced by fluctuations in the system state (such as catchment wetness), or by longer-term changes in catchment structure (such as land use change). One type of change, the 'inverse storage effect' is characterized by an increase in the release of young water from the system in response to an increase in overall system storage. This effect can be seen in many hydrologic settings, and has important implications for the effect of altered hydroclimatic conditions on solute transport through a landscape. External variability, such as increased precipitation, can induce a decrease in mean transit time (and vice versa), but this effect is greatly enhanced if accompanied by an internal shift in flow pathways that increases the relative importance of younger water. These effects will be illustrated using data from field and experimental studies.

  10. The International Space University's variable gravity research facility design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bailey, Sheila G.; Chiaramonte, Francis P.; Davidian, Kenneth J.

    1991-09-01

    A manned mission to Mars will require long travel times between Earth and Mars. However, exposure to long-duration zero gravity is known to be harmful to the human body. Some of the harmful effects are loss of heart and lung capacity, inability to stand upright, muscular weakness and loss of bone calcium. A variable gravity research facility (VGRF) that would be placed in low Earth orbit (LEO) was designed by students of the International Space University 1989 Summer Session held in Strasbourg, France, to provide a testbed for conducting experiments in the life and physical sciences in preparation for a mission to Mars. This design exercise was unique because it addressed all aspects concerning a large space project. The VGRF design was described which was developed by international participants specializing in the following areas: the politics of international cooperation, engineering, architecture, in-space physiology, material and life science experimentation, data communications, business, and management.

  11. The International Space University's variable gravity research facility design

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bailey, Sheila G.; Chiaramonte, Francis P.; Davidian, Kenneth J.

    1991-01-01

    A manned mission to Mars will require long travel times between Earth and Mars. However, exposure to long-duration zero gravity is known to be harmful to the human body. Some of the harmful effects are loss of heart and lung capacity, inability to stand upright, muscular weakness and loss of bone calcium. A variable gravity research facility (VGRF) that would be placed in low Earth orbit (LEO) was designed by students of the International Space University 1989 Summer Session held in Strasbourg, France, to provide a testbed for conducting experiments in the life and physical sciences in preparation for a mission to Mars. This design exercise was unique because it addressed all aspects concerning a large space project. The VGRF design was described which was developed by international participants specializing in the following areas: the politics of international cooperation, engineering, architecture, in-space physiology, material and life science experimentation, data communications, business, and management.

  12. Observations of Local Positive Low Cloud Feedback Patterns and Their Role in Internal Variability and Climate Sensitivity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yuan, Tianle; Oreopoulos, Lazaros; Platnick, Steven E.; Meyer, Kerry

    2018-05-01

    Modeling studies have shown that cloud feedbacks are sensitive to the spatial pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, while cloud feedbacks themselves strongly influence the magnitude of SST anomalies. Observational counterparts to such patterned interactions are still needed. Here we show that distinct large-scale patterns of SST and low-cloud cover (LCC) emerge naturally from objective analyses of observations and demonstrate their close coupling in a positive local SST-LCC feedback loop that may be important for both internal variability and climate change. The two patterns that explain the maximum amount of covariance between SST and LCC correspond to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, leading modes of multidecadal internal variability. Spatial patterns and time series of SST and LCC anomalies associated with both modes point to a strong positive local SST-LCC feedback. In many current climate models, our analyses suggest that SST-LCC feedback strength is too weak compared to observations. Modeled local SST-LCC feedback strength affects simulated internal variability so that stronger feedback produces more intense and more realistic patterns of internal variability. To the extent that the physics of the local positive SST-LCC feedback inferred from observed climate variability applies to future greenhouse warming, we anticipate significant amount of delayed warming because of SST-LCC feedback when anthropogenic SST warming eventually overwhelm the effects of internal variability that may mute anthropogenic warming over parts of the ocean. We postulate that many climate models may be underestimating both future warming and the magnitude of modeled internal variability because of their weak SST-LCC feedback.

  13. Hydration level is an internal variable for computing motivation to obtain water rewards in monkeys.

    PubMed

    Minamimoto, Takafumi; Yamada, Hiroshi; Hori, Yukiko; Suhara, Tetsuya

    2012-05-01

    In the process of motivation to engage in a behavior, valuation of the expected outcome is comprised of not only external variables (i.e., incentives) but also internal variables (i.e., drive). However, the exact neural mechanism that integrates these variables for the computation of motivational value remains unclear. Besides, the signal of physiological needs, which serves as the primary internal variable for this computation, remains to be identified. Concerning fluid rewards, the osmolality level, one of the physiological indices for the level of thirst, may be an internal variable for valuation, since an increase in the osmolality level induces drinking behavior. Here, to examine the relationship between osmolality and the motivational value of a water reward, we repeatedly measured the blood osmolality level, while 2 monkeys continuously performed an instrumental task until they spontaneously stopped. We found that, as the total amount of water earned increased, the osmolality level progressively decreased (i.e., the hydration level increased) in an individual-dependent manner. There was a significant negative correlation between the error rate of the task (the proportion of trials with low motivation) and the osmolality level. We also found that the increase in the error rate with reward accumulation can be well explained by a formula describing the changes in the osmolality level. These results provide a biologically supported computational formula for the motivational value of a water reward that depends on the hydration level, enabling us to identify the neural mechanism that integrates internal and external variables.

  14. The role of internal variability in prolonging the California drought

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Buenning, N. H.; Stott, L. D.

    2015-12-01

    The current drought in California has been one of the driest on record. Using atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs), recent studies have demonstrated that the low precipitation anomalies observed during the first three winters of the current drought are mostly attributable to changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice forcing. Here we show through AGCM simulations that the fourth and latest winter of the current drought is not attributable to SST and sea ice forcing, but instead a consequence of higher internal variability. Using the Global Spectral Model (GSM) we demonstrate how the surface forcing reproduces dry conditions over California for the first three winters of the current drought, similar to what other models produced. However, when forced with the SST and sea ice conditions for the winter of 2014-2015, GSM robustly simulates high precipitation conditions over California. This significantly differs with observed precipitation anomalies, which suggests a model deficiency or large influence of internal variability within the climate system during the winter of 2014-2015. Ensemble simulations with 234 realizations reveal that the surface forcing created a broader range of precipitation possibilities over California. Thus, the surface forcing caused a greater degree of internal variations, which was driven by a reduced latitudinal temperature gradient and amplified planetary waves over the Pacific. Similar amplified waves are also seen in 21st century climate projections of upper-level geopotential heights, suggesting that 21st century precipitation over California will become more variable and increasingly difficult to predict on seasonal timescales. When an El Nino pattern is applied to the surface forcing the precipitation further increases and the variance amongst model realizations is reduced, which indicates a strong likelihood of an anomalously wet 2015-2016 winter season.

  15. X-ray nova and LMXB V404 Cyg in rare outburst

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Waagen, Elizabeth O.

    2015-06-01

    V404 Cyg, an X-ray nova and a low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) with black hole component, is undergoing its first reported X-ray and optical outburst since 1989. Large scale, rapid variations are being reported in wavelengths from X-ray to radio by professional and amateur astronomers worldwide. Satellite and ground-based observations have been and are continuing to be made by many members of the professional community, including S. D. Barthelmy et al. (GCN Circular 17929, 15 June 2015, Swift BAT initial detection); H. Negoro et al. (ATel #7646, 17 Jun 2015); E. Kuulkers et al. (ATel #7647, 17 June 2015, Swift observations); K. Gazeas et al. (ATel #7650, 17 June 2015, optical photometry); R. M. Wagner et al. (ATel #7655, 18 June, optical spectroscopy); K. Mooley et al. (ATel #7658, 18 June, radio observations). T. Munoz-Darias et al. report P Cyg profiles were seen on 18 Jun 2015 (ATel #7659). They note that P-Cyg profiles were also observed during the 1989 outburst (Casares et al. 1991, MNRAS, 250, 712), and that V404 Cyg is so far the only black hole X-ray transient that has shown this phenomenology. Observations in all bands are requested. Filtered observations are preferred. Please use a cadence as high as possible while obtaining a suitable s/n. If spectroscopy is possible with your equipment, it is requested. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the AAVSO Variable Star Plotter (https://www.aavso.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the AAVSO International Database. Precise observing instructions and other details are given in the full Alert Notice.

  16. Response of ENSO amplitude to global warming in CESM large ensemble: uncertainty due to internal variability

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zheng, Xiao-Tong; Hui, Chang; Yeh, Sang-Wook

    2018-06-01

    El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of variability in the coupled ocean-atmospheric system. Future projections of ENSO change under global warming are highly uncertain among models. In this study, the effect of internal variability on ENSO amplitude change in future climate projections is investigated based on a 40-member ensemble from the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LE) project. A large uncertainty is identified among ensemble members due to internal variability. The inter-member diversity is associated with a zonal dipole pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) change in the mean along the equator, which is similar to the second empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) in the unforced control simulation. The uncertainty in CESM-LE is comparable in magnitude to that among models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5), suggesting the contribution of internal variability to the intermodel uncertainty in ENSO amplitude change. However, the causations between changes in ENSO amplitude and the mean state are distinct between CESM-LE and CMIP5 ensemble. The CESM-LE results indicate that a large ensemble of 15 members is needed to separate the relative contributions to ENSO amplitude change over the twenty-first century between forced response and internal variability.

  17. Janet Akyüz Mattei (1943-2004)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pickard, R. D.

    2004-06-01

    It is with great sadness that we report that Dr Janet A. Mattei, the Director of the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO), died on 2004 March 22 after a seven-month battle with acute myelogenous leukaemia.

  18. Internal ocean-atmosphere variability drives megadroughts in Western North America.

    PubMed

    Coats, S; Smerdon, J E; Cook, B I; Seager, R; Cook, E R; Anchukaitis, K J

    2016-09-28

    Multidecadal droughts that occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly represent an important target for validating the ability of climate models to adequately characterize drought risk over the near-term future. A prominent hypothesis is that these megadroughts were driven by a centuries-long radiatively forced shift in the mean state of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Here we use a novel combination of spatiotemporal tree-ring reconstructions of Northern Hemisphere hydroclimate to infer the atmosphere-ocean dynamics that coincide with megadroughts over the American West, and find that these features are consistently associated with ten-to-thirty year periods of frequent cold El Niño Southern Oscillation conditions and not a centuries-long shift in the mean of the tropical Pacific Ocean. These results suggest an important role for internal variability in driving past megadroughts. State-of-the art climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, however, do not simulate a consistent association between megadroughts and internal variability of the tropical Pacific Ocean, with implications for our confidence in megadrought risk projections.

  19. Impacts of climate change and internal climate variability on french rivers streamflows

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dayon, Gildas; Boé, Julien; Martin, Eric

    2016-04-01

    The assessment of the impacts of climate change often requires to set up long chains of modeling, from the model to estimate the future concentration of greenhouse gases to the impact model. Throughout the modeling chain, sources of uncertainty accumulate making the exploitation of results for the development of adaptation strategies difficult. It is proposed here to assess the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle over France and the associated uncertainties. The contribution of the uncertainties from greenhouse gases emission scenario, climate models and internal variability are addressed in this work. To have a large ensemble of climate simulations, the study is based on Global Climate Models (GCM) simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 5 (CMIP5), including several simulations from the same GCM to properly assess uncertainties from internal climate variability. Simulations from the four Radiative Concentration Pathway (RCP) are downscaled with a statistical method developed in a previous study (Dayon et al. 2015). The hydrological system Isba-Modcou is then driven by the downscaling results on a 8 km grid over France. Isba is a land surface model that calculates the energy and water balance and Modcou a hydrogeological model that routes the surface runoff given by Isba. Based on that framework, uncertainties uncertainties from greenhouse gases emission scenario, climate models and climate internal variability are evaluated. Their relative importance is described for the next decades and the end of this century. In a last part, uncertainties due to internal climate variability on streamflows simulated with downscaled GCM and Isba-Modcou are evaluated against observations and hydrological reconstructions on the whole 20th century. Hydrological reconstructions are based on the downscaling of recent atmospheric reanalyses of the 20th century and observations of temperature and precipitation. We show that the multi-decadal variability

  20. New Perspectives on the Role of Internal Variability in Regional Climate Change and Climate Model Evaluation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Deser, C.

    2017-12-01

    Natural climate variability occurs over a wide range of time and space scales as a result of processes intrinsic to the atmosphere, the ocean, and their coupled interactions. Such internally generated climate fluctuations pose significant challenges for the identification of externally forced climate signals such as those driven by volcanic eruptions or anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gases. This challenge is exacerbated for regional climate responses evaluated from short (< 50 years) data records. The limited duration of the observations also places strong constraints on how well the spatial and temporal characteristics of natural climate variability are known, especially on multi-decadal time scales. The observational constraints, in turn, pose challenges for evaluation of climate models, including their representation of internal variability and assessing the accuracy of their responses to natural and anthropogenic radiative forcings. A promising new approach to climate model assessment is the advent of large (10-100 member) "initial-condition" ensembles of climate change simulations with individual models. Such ensembles allow for accurate determination, and straightforward separation, of externally forced climate signals and internal climate variability on regional scales. The range of climate trajectories in a given model ensemble results from the fact that each simulation represents a particular sequence of internal variability superimposed upon a common forced response. This makes clear that nature's single realization is only one of many that could have unfolded. This perspective leads to a rethinking of approaches to climate model evaluation that incorporate observational uncertainty due to limited sampling of internal variability. Illustrative examples across a range of well-known climate phenomena including ENSO, volcanic eruptions, and anthropogenic climate change will be discussed.

  1. Visual Times of Maxima for Short Period Pulsating Stars II

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Samolyk, G.

    2017-12-01

    This compilation contains 631 times of maxima of 8 short period pulsating stars (primarily RR Lyrae). These were reduced from a portion of the visual observations made from 1966 to 2014 that are included in the AAVSO International Database.

  2. Emotional variability in mother-adolescent conflict interactions and internalizing problems of mothers and adolescents: dyadic and individual processes.

    PubMed

    Van der Giessen, Daniëlle; Hollenstein, Tom; Hale, William W; Koot, Hans M; Meeus, Wim; Branje, Susan

    2015-02-01

    Emotional variability reflects the ability to flexibly switch among a broad range of positive and negative emotions from moment-to-moment during interactions. Emotional variability during mother-adolescent conflict interactions is considered to be important for healthy socio-emotional functioning of mothers and adolescents. The current observational study examined whether dyadic emotional variability, maternal emotional variability, and adolescent emotional variability during conflict interactions in early adolescence predicted mothers' and adolescents' internalizing problems five years later. We used data from 92 mother-adolescent dyads (Mage T1 = 13.05; 65.20 % boys) who were videotaped at T1 while discussing a conflict. Emotional variability was derived from these conflict interactions and it was observed for mother-adolescent dyads, mothers and adolescents separately. Mothers and adolescents also completed questionnaires in early adolescence (T1) and five years later in late adolescence (T6) on mothers' internalizing problems, and adolescents' anxiety and depressive symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that less dyadic emotional variability in early adolescence predicted relative increases in mothers' internalizing problems, adolescents' depressive symptoms, and adolescents' anxiety symptoms from early to late adolescence. Less maternal emotional variability only predicted relative increases in adolescents' anxiety symptoms over time. The emotional valence (e.g., types of emotions expressed) of conflict interactions did not moderate the results. Taken together, findings highlighted the importance of considering limited emotional variability during conflict interactions in the development, prevention, and treatment of internalizing problems of mothers and adolescents.

  3. Sunlight in the Spotlight in the International Year of Light (Poster abstract)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larsen, K.

    2015-12-01

    (Abstract only) One of the main focuses of the International Year of Light (IYL) is interdisciplinary education and outreach. While variable stars in general provide myriad opportunities to accomplish this, one variable star in particular—our sun—offers unique opportunities in this vein. From conducting ground-based safe solar observations with white light and hydrogen alpha filters, to highlighting satellite observations at other wavelengths and spectroscopy, observing our nearest star provides a solid basis from which to explore the electromagnetic spectrum (and the relevant technologies used to study it). The IYL highlights cultural astronomy, the history of science, and the important role women have played in our understanding of the natural world. Not only was the primary deity in many cultures the sun god or goddess, but the motions of the sun across the heavens were carefully studied using sundials, astrolabes, and monolithic structures (including Stonehenge). Sunspots were discovered long before the invention of the telescope, and their occurrences carefully recorded. Today, these records (along with records of another important way the sun interacts with our planet, namely the creation of aurora) extend our understanding of the solar cycle backwards in time across the centuries to before the time of Galileo. Women have played an important role in our observation and understanding of the sun, including Annie Maunder at the Royal Greenwich Observatory and Elizabeth Brown, Solar Section Director of the British Astronomical Association. The sun also played a central role in verifying Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (itself celebrating its centenary during the IYL). This poster will provide examples of sun-centered projects and activities that can be used during the IYL and beyond to educate and interest citizens young and old about our nearest star, with an eye to especially highlighting the importance of the ongoing work of the Solar Section of

  4. Soil internal drainage: temporal stability and spatial variability in succession bean-black oat

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Salvador, M. M. S.; Libardi, P. L.; Moreira, N. B.; Sousa, H. H. F.; Neiverth, C. A.

    2012-04-01

    There are a variety of studies considering the soil water content, but those who consider the flow of water, which are translated by deep drainage and capillary rise are scarce, especially those who assess their spatio-temporal variability, due to its laborious obtaining. Large areas have been considered homogeneous, but show considerable spatial variability inherent in the soil, causing the appearance of zones of distinct physical properties. In deep, sandy soils where the groundwater level is far below the root zone of interference, internal drainage is one of the factors limiting the supply of water to the soil surface, and possibly one of the biggest factors that determines what kinds satisfactory development of plants present in a given landscape. The forms of relief may also be indicators of changes in soil properties, because this variability is caused by small changes that affect the slope of the pedogenetic processes and the transport and storage of water in the soil profile, i.e., the different trajectories of water flow in different forms of the landscape, is the cause of variability. The objectives of this research were: i) evaluate the spatial and temporal stability of internal soil water drainage in a place near and another distant from the root system in a bean-black-oat succession and ii) verify their spatial variability in relation to relief. With the hydraulic conductivity obtained by the instantaneous profile method and the total potential gradient obtained from the difference in readings of tensiometers installed at depths of 0.35 and 0.45 and 0.75 and 0.85 m in 60 sampling points totaling 1680 and 1200 observations during the cultivation of beans and oats, respectively, was obtained so the internal drainage / capillary rise through the Darcy-Buckingham equation. To evaluate the temporal stability the method used was the relative difference and Spearman correlation test and the spatial variability was analyzed as geostatistical methodology

  5. Eggen Card Project: Progress and Plans (Abstract)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Silvis, G.

    2016-12-01

    (Abstract only) The Eggen Card Project has been running since 2009 and has involved 30+ AAVSO staff and volunteers. Let me offer a short review of the project, our progress this year and our plans for the future. Phase 1 of the project has been to index the 108,000 card images, identifying the stars they belong too. We've passed the 75% point on this phase. The next phase is how to use this data. Jack Crast has identified the photometric schemes used by Olin and developed a spreadsheet tool to prepare this data for inclusion into the AAVSO International Database (AID). Anyone want good photometry from 1970? We got it!

  6. Design strategies for the International Space University's variable gravity research facility

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bailey, Sheila G.; Chiaramonte, Francis P.; Davidian, Kenneth J.

    1990-01-01

    A variable gravity research facility named 'Newton' was designed by 58 students from 13 countries at the International Space University's 1989 summer session at the Universite Louis Pasteur, Strasbourge, France. The project was comprehensive in scope, including a political and legal foundation for international cooperation, development and financing; technical, science and engineering issues; architectural design; plausible schedules; and operations, crew issues and maintenance. Since log-term exposure to zero gravity is known to be harmful to the human body, the main goal was to design a unique variable gravity research facility which would find a practical solution to this problem, permitting a manned mission to Mars. The facility would not duplicate other space-based facilities and would provide the flexibility for examining a number of gravity levels, including lunar and Martian gravities. Major design alternatives included a truss versus a tether based system which also involved the question of docking while spinning or despinning to dock. These design issues are described. The relative advantages or disadvantages are discussed, including comments on the necessary research and technology development required for each.

  7. Editorial: Papers from the 7th International Conference on Dendrochronology - Cultural Diversity, Environmental Variability

    Treesearch

    Margaret S. Devall; Elaine K. Sutherland

    2008-01-01

    The 7th International Conference on Dendrochronology - Cultural Diversity, Environmental Variability was held in Beijing, China from 11 to 17 June 2006. The conference was organized and hosted by the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IB_CAS) in conjunction with the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Working Group 5.01.07 (Tree-...

  8. TEDS-M 2008 User Guide for the International Database. Supplement 3: Variables Derived from the Educator and Future Teacher Data

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brese, Falk, Ed.

    2012-01-01

    This supplement contains documentation on all the derived variables contained in the TEDS-M educator and future teacher data files. These derived variables were used to report data in the TEDS-M international reports. The variables that constitute the scales and indices are made available as part of the TEDS-M International Database to be used in…

  9. Dynamic characteristics of a two-stage variable-mass flexible missile with internal flow

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Meirovitch, L.; Bankovskis, J.

    1972-01-01

    A general formulation of the dynamical problems associated with powered flight of a two stage flexible, variable-mass missile with internal flow, discrete masses, and aerodynamic forces is presented. The formulation comprises six ordinary differential equations for the rigid body motion, 3n ordinary differential equations for the n discrete masses and three partial differential equations with the appropriate boundary conditions for the elastic motion. This set of equations is modified to represent a single stage flexible, variable-mass missile with internal flow and aerodynamic forces. The rigid-body motion consists then of three translations and three rotations, whereas the elastic motion is defined by one longitudinal and two flexural displacements, the latter about two orthogonal transverse axes. The differential equations are nonlinear and, in addition, they possess time-dependent coefficients due to the mass variation.

  10. Role of internal variability in recent decadal to multidecadal tropical Pacific climate changes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bordbar, Mohammad Hadi; Martin, Thomas; Latif, Mojib; Park, Wonsun

    2017-05-01

    While the Earth's surface has considerably warmed over the past two decades, the tropical Pacific has featured a cooling of sea surface temperatures in its eastern and central parts, which went along with an unprecedented strengthening of the equatorial trade winds, the surface component of the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC). Previous studies show that this decadal trend in the trade winds is generally beyond the range of decadal trends simulated by climate models when forced by historical radiative forcing. There is still a debate on the origin of and the potential role that internal variability may have played in the recent decadal surface wind trend. Using a number of long control (unforced) integrations of global climate models and several observational data sets, we address the question as to whether the recent decadal to multidecadal trends are robustly classified as an unusual event or the persistent response to external forcing. The observed trends in the tropical Pacific surface climate are still within the range of the long-term internal variability spanned by the models but represent an extreme realization of this variability. Thus, the recent observed decadal trends in the tropical Pacific, though highly unusual, could be of natural origin. We note that the long-term trends in the selected PWC indices exhibit a large observational uncertainty, even hindering definitive statements about the sign of the trends.Plain Language SummaryWhile the Earth's surface has considerably warmed over the past two decades, the tropical Pacific has featured a cooling of sea surface temperatures in its eastern and central parts, which went along with an unprecedented strengthening of the equatorial trade winds. Here we show that climate models simulate a high level of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span>, so that the recent changes in the tropical Pacific could still be due to natural processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy..tmp...35H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy..tmp...35H"><span>Uncertainty in Indian Ocean Dipole response to global warming: the role of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hui, Chang; Zheng, Xiao-Tong</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is one of the leading modes of interannual sea surface temperature (SST) <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). The response of IOD to global warming is quite uncertain in climate model projections. In this study, the uncertainty in IOD change under global warming, especially that resulting from <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span>, is investigated based on the community earth system model large ensemble (CESM-LE). For the IOD amplitude change, the inter-member uncertainty in CESM-LE is about 50% of the intermodel uncertainty in the phase 5 of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP5) multimodel ensemble, indicating the important role of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> in IOD future projection. In CESM-LE, both the ensemble mean and spread in mean SST warming show a zonal positive IOD-like (pIOD-like) pattern in the TIO. This pIOD-like mean warming regulates ocean-atmospheric feedbacks of the interannual IOD mode, and weakens the skewness of the interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span>. However, as the changes in oceanic and atmospheric feedbacks counteract each other, the inter-member <span class="hlt">variability</span> in IOD amplitude change is not correlated with that of the mean state change. Instead, the ensemble spread in IOD amplitude change is correlated with that in ENSO amplitude change in CESM-LE, reflecting the close inter-basin relationship between the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean in this model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED544558.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED544558.pdf"><span>TIMSS 2011 User Guide for the <span class="hlt">International</span> Database. Supplement 3: <span class="hlt">Variables</span> Derived from the Student, Home, Teacher, and School Questionnaire Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Foy, Pierre, Ed.; Arora, Alka, Ed.; Stanco, Gabrielle M., Ed.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>This supplement contains documentation on all the derived <span class="hlt">variables</span> contained in the TIMSS 2011 data files that are based on background questionnaire <span class="hlt">variables</span>. These <span class="hlt">variables</span> were used to report background data in the TIMSS 2011 <span class="hlt">International</span> Results in Mathematics and TIMSS 2011 <span class="hlt">International</span> Results in Science reports, and are made available…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1914547S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1914547S"><span>The role of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> for decadal carbon uptake anomalies in the Southern Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Spring, Aaron; Hi, Hongmei; Ilyina, Tatiana</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The Southern Ocean is a major sink for anthropogenic CO2 emissions and hence it plays an essential role in modulating global carbon cycle and climate change. Previous studies based on observations (e.g., Landschützer et al. 2015) show pronounced decadal variations of carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean in recent decades and this <span class="hlt">variability</span> is largely driven by <span class="hlt">internal</span> climate <span class="hlt">variability</span>. However, due to limited ensemble size of simulations, the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of this important ocean sink is still poorly assessed by the state-of-the-art earth system models (ESMs). To assess the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of carbon sink in the Southern Ocean, we use a large ensemble of 100 member simulations based on the Max Planck Institute-ESM (MPI-ESM). The large ensemble of simulations is generated via perturbed initial conditions in the ocean and atmosphere. Each ensemble member includes a historical simulation from 1850 to 2005 with an extension until 2100 under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 future projections. Here we use model simulations from 1980-2015 to compare with available observation-based dataset. We found several ensemble members showing decadal decreasing trends in the carbon sink, which are similar to the trend shown in observations. This result suggests that MPI-ESM large ensemble simulations are able to reproduce decadal variation of carbon sink in the Southern Ocean. Moreover, the decreasing trends of Southern Ocean carbon sink in MPI-ESM are mainly contributed by region between 50-60°S. To understand the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the air-sea carbon fluxes in the Southern Ocean, we further investigate the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of underlying processes, such as physical climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> and ocean biological processes. Our results indicate two main drivers for the decadal decreasing trend of carbon sink: i) Intensified winds enhance upwelling of old carbon-rich waters, this leads to increase of the ocean surface pCO2; ii) Primary production is reduced in area</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.4745A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.4745A"><span>Local-scale changes in mean and heavy precipitation in Western Europe, climate change or <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aalbers, Emma E.; Lenderink, Geert; van Meijgaard, Erik; van den Hurk, Bart J. J. M.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>High-resolution climate information provided by e.g. regional climate models (RCMs) is valuable for exploring the changing weather under global warming, and assessing the local impact of climate change. While there is generally more confidence in the representativeness of simulated processes at higher resolutions, <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the climate system—`noise', intrinsic to the chaotic nature of atmospheric and oceanic processes—is larger at smaller spatial scales as well, limiting the predictability of the climate signal. To quantify the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> and robustly estimate the climate signal, large initial-condition ensembles of climate simulations conducted with a single model provide essential information. We analyze a regional downscaling of a 16-member initial-condition ensemble over western Europe and the Alps at 0.11° resolution, similar to the highest resolution EURO-CORDEX simulations. We examine the strength of the forced climate response (signal) in mean and extreme daily precipitation with respect to noise due to <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span>, and find robust small-scale geographical features in the forced response, indicating regional differences in changes in the probability of events. However, individual ensemble members provide only limited information on the forced climate response, even for high levels of global warming. Although the results are based on a single RCM-GCM chain, we believe that they have general value in providing insight in the fraction of the uncertainty in high-resolution climate information that is irreducible, and can assist in the correct interpretation of fine-scale information in multi-model ensembles in terms of a forced response and noise due to <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy..tmp..768A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy..tmp..768A"><span>Local-scale changes in mean and heavy precipitation in Western Europe, climate change or <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aalbers, Emma E.; Lenderink, Geert; van Meijgaard, Erik; van den Hurk, Bart J. J. M.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>High-resolution climate information provided by e.g. regional climate models (RCMs) is valuable for exploring the changing weather under global warming, and assessing the local impact of climate change. While there is generally more confidence in the representativeness of simulated processes at higher resolutions, <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the climate system—`noise', intrinsic to the chaotic nature of atmospheric and oceanic processes—is larger at smaller spatial scales as well, limiting the predictability of the climate signal. To quantify the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> and robustly estimate the climate signal, large initial-condition ensembles of climate simulations conducted with a single model provide essential information. We analyze a regional downscaling of a 16-member initial-condition ensemble over western Europe and the Alps at 0.11° resolution, similar to the highest resolution EURO-CORDEX simulations. We examine the strength of the forced climate response (signal) in mean and extreme daily precipitation with respect to noise due to <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span>, and find robust small-scale geographical features in the forced response, indicating regional differences in changes in the probability of events. However, individual ensemble members provide only limited information on the forced climate response, even for high levels of global warming. Although the results are based on a single RCM-GCM chain, we believe that they have general value in providing insight in the fraction of the uncertainty in high-resolution climate information that is irreducible, and can assist in the correct interpretation of fine-scale information in multi-model ensembles in terms of a forced response and noise due to <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1328543-spatial-patterns-sea-level-variability-associated-natural-internal-climate-modes','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1328543-spatial-patterns-sea-level-variability-associated-natural-internal-climate-modes"><span>Spatial Patterns of Sea Level <span class="hlt">Variability</span> Associated with Natural <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Climate Modes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Han, Weiqing; Meehl, Gerald A.; Stammer, Detlef</p> <p></p> <p>Sea level rise (SLR) can exert significant stress on highly populated coastal societies and low-lying island countries around the world. Because of this, there is huge societal demand for improved decadal predictions and future projections of SLR, particularly on a local scale along coastlines. Regionally, sea level variations can deviate considerably from the global mean due to various geophysical processes. These include changes of ocean circulations, which partially can be attributed to natural, <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes of <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the complex Earth’s climate system. Anthropogenic influence may also contribute to regional sea level variations. Separating the effects of natural climate modesmore » and anthropogenic forcing, however, remains a challenge and requires identification of the imprint of specific climate modes in observed sea level change patterns. In this article, we review our current state of knowledge about spatial patterns of sea level <span class="hlt">variability</span> associated with natural climate modes on interannual-to-multidecadal timescales, with particular focus on decadal-to-multidecadal <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Relevant climate modes and our current state of understanding their associated sea level patterns and driving mechanisms are elaborated separately for the Pacific, the Indian, the Atlantic, and the Arctic and Southern Oceans. We also discuss the issues, challenges and future outlooks for understanding the regional sea level patterns associated with climate modes. Effects of these <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes have to be taken into account in order to achieve more reliable near-term predictions and future projections of regional SLR.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1328543-spatial-patterns-sea-level-variability-associated-natural-internal-climate-modes','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1328543-spatial-patterns-sea-level-variability-associated-natural-internal-climate-modes"><span>Spatial Patterns of Sea Level <span class="hlt">Variability</span> Associated with Natural <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Climate Modes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Han, Weiqing; Meehl, Gerald A.; Stammer, Detlef; ...</p> <p>2016-10-04</p> <p>Sea level rise (SLR) can exert significant stress on highly populated coastal societies and low-lying island countries around the world. Because of this, there is huge societal demand for improved decadal predictions and future projections of SLR, particularly on a local scale along coastlines. Regionally, sea level variations can deviate considerably from the global mean due to various geophysical processes. These include changes of ocean circulations, which partially can be attributed to natural, <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes of <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the complex Earth’s climate system. Anthropogenic influence may also contribute to regional sea level variations. Separating the effects of natural climate modesmore » and anthropogenic forcing, however, remains a challenge and requires identification of the imprint of specific climate modes in observed sea level change patterns. In this article, we review our current state of knowledge about spatial patterns of sea level <span class="hlt">variability</span> associated with natural climate modes on interannual-to-multidecadal timescales, with particular focus on decadal-to-multidecadal <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Relevant climate modes and our current state of understanding their associated sea level patterns and driving mechanisms are elaborated separately for the Pacific, the Indian, the Atlantic, and the Arctic and Southern Oceans. We also discuss the issues, challenges and future outlooks for understanding the regional sea level patterns associated with climate modes. Effects of these <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes have to be taken into account in order to achieve more reliable near-term predictions and future projections of regional SLR.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SGeo...38..217H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SGeo...38..217H"><span>Spatial Patterns of Sea Level <span class="hlt">Variability</span> Associated with Natural <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Climate Modes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Han, Weiqing; Meehl, Gerald A.; Stammer, Detlef; Hu, Aixue; Hamlington, Benjamin; Kenigson, Jessica; Palanisamy, Hindumathi; Thompson, Philip</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Sea level rise (SLR) can exert significant stress on highly populated coastal societies and low-lying island countries around the world. Because of this, there is huge societal demand for improved decadal predictions and future projections of SLR, particularly on a local scale along coastlines. Regionally, sea level variations can deviate considerably from the global mean due to various geophysical processes. These include changes of ocean circulations, which partially can be attributed to natural, <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes of <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the complex Earth's climate system. Anthropogenic influence may also contribute to regional sea level variations. Separating the effects of natural climate modes and anthropogenic forcing, however, remains a challenge and requires identification of the imprint of specific climate modes in observed sea level change patterns. In this paper, we review our current state of knowledge about spatial patterns of sea level <span class="hlt">variability</span> associated with natural climate modes on interannual-to-multidecadal timescales, with particular focus on decadal-to-multidecadal <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Relevant climate modes and our current state of understanding their associated sea level patterns and driving mechanisms are elaborated separately for the Pacific, the Indian, the Atlantic, and the Arctic and Southern Oceans. We also discuss the issues, challenges and future outlooks for understanding the regional sea level patterns associated with climate modes. Effects of these <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes have to be taken into account in order to achieve more reliable near-term predictions and future projections of regional SLR.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AAN...579....1W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AAN...579....1W"><span>KIC 8462852 optical dipping event</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Waagen, Elizabeth O.</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>T. Boyajian (Louisiana State University) et al. reported in ATel #10405 that an optical dip is underway in KIC 8462852 (Boyajian's Star, Tabby's Star) beginning on 2017 May 18 UT. Tentative signs of small dips had been seen beginning April 24, and enhanced monitoring had begun at once at Fairborn Observatory (Tennessee State University). Photometry and spectroscopy from there on May 18 and 19 UT showed a dip underway. Cousins V photometry showed a drop of 0.02 magnitude, the largest dip (and the first clear one) seen in more than a year of monitoring. <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> observer Bruce Gary (GBL, Hereford, AZ) carried out V photometry which showed a fading from 11.906 V ± 0.004 to 11.9244 V ± 0.0033 between UT 2017 May 14 and May 19, a drop of 1.7%. Swift/UVOT observations obtained May 18 15:19 did not show a statistically significant drop in v, but Gary's photometry is given more weight. r'-band observations from Las Cumbres Observatory obtained 2017 May 17 to May 19 showed a 2% dip. Spectra by I. Steele (Liverpool JMU) et al. taken on 2017 May 20 with the 2.0 meter Liverpool Telescope, La Palma, showed no differences in the source compared to a reference spectrum taken 2016 July 4 when the system was not undergoing a dip (ATel #10406).Dips typically last for a few days, and larger dips can last over a week. It is not clear that this dip is over. Precision time-series V photometry is urgently requested from <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> observers, although all photometry is welcome. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Plotter (https://www.<span class="hlt">aavso</span>.org/vsp). See full Alert Notice for more details. KIC 8462852 was the subject of <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> Alert Notices 532 and 542. See also Boyajian et al. 2016, also available as a preprint (http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.03622). General information about KIC 8462852 may be found at http://www.wherestheflux.com/.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AAS...218.9804L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AAS...218.9804L"><span><span class="hlt">Variable</span> Stars and Constant Commitments: The Stellar Career of Dorrit Hoffleit</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Larsen, Kristine</p> <p>2011-05-01</p> <p>Astronomer, educator, and science historian Dorrit Hoffleit (1907-2007) was widely respected by the amateur and professional astronomical community as a mentor and an ardent supporter of independent research. Her more than 600 catalogues, books, articles, book reviews, and news columns cover myriad aspects of astronomy, from <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars and stellar properties to meteor showers, quasars, and rocketry. She also made important contributions to the history of astronomy. Hoffleit worked at the Harvard College Observatory from 1927-1956, where she discovered over 1200 <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars. When Director Harlow Shapley retired from Harvard, Hoffleit gave up her tenured position and moved to Yale University, where she was placed in charge of the Yale Catalog of Bright Stars. At the same time, she was offered a position as director of the Maria Mitchell Observatory on Nantucket Island in Massachusetts. Hoffleit split her dual positions into six-month stints and remained director at the Mitchell Observatory for 21 years, developing a summer research program that engaged more than 100 undergraduate students (all but three of them women) in <span class="hlt">variable</span> star research. Up until shortly before her death, she continued to work tirelessly on selected projects, and she was in high demand as a collaborator with colleagues at Yale and elsewhere. She was especially devoted to the American Association of <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Observers (<span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>) in part because it brought together amateur and professional astronomers in collaboration. She served on the organization's council for 23 years and as its president from 1961-1963. In 2002, the AAVS0 published her autobiography, Misfortunes as Blessings in Disguise, in which Hoffleit explains how she always felt blessed by the opportunities in her life, even those which initially seemed misfortunes, and above all else valued creativity, flexibility, collegiality, and intellectual freedom in her professional life.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1111428B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..1111428B"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> and forced eddy <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the Labrador Sea</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bracco, A.; Luo, H.; Zhong, Y.; Lilly, J.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>Water mass transformation in the Labrador Sea, widely believed to be one of the key regions in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), now appears to be strongly impacted by vortex dynamics of the unstable boundary current. Large interannual variations in both eddy shedding and buoyancy transport from the boundary current have been observed but not explained, and are apparently sensitive to the state of the inflowing current. Heat and salinity fluxes associated with the eddies drive ventilation changes not accounted for by changes in local surface forcing, particularly during occasional years of extreme eddy activity, and constitute a predominant source of "<span class="hlt">internal</span>" oceanic <span class="hlt">variability</span>. The nature of this <span class="hlt">variable</span> eddy-driven restratification is one of the outstanding questions along the northern transformation pathway. Here we investigate the eddy generation mechanism and the associated buoyancy fluxes by combining realistic and idealized numerical modeling, data analysis, and theory. Theory, supported by idealized experiments, provides criteria to test hypotheses as to the vortex formation process (by baroclinic instability linked to the bottom topography). Ensembles of numerical experiments with a high-resolution regional model (ROMS) allow for quantifying the sensitivity of eddy generation and property transport to variations in local and external forcing parameters. For the first time, we reproduce with a numerical simulation the observed interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the eddy kinetic energy in the convective region of the Labrador Basin and along the West Greenland Current.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AAN...402....1T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AAN...402....1T"><span>Nova in Ophiuchus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Templeton, Matthew R.</p> <p>2009-08-01</p> <p>Nova Ophiuchi 2009 was discovered by Koichi Itagaki, Teppo-Cho, Yamagata, Japan, at unfiltered CCD magnitude 10.1 on August 16.515 UT, and confirmed by him on Aug. 16.526. After posting to the CBET Unconfirmed Observations page, the object was confirmed independently by several observers. The discovery and confirmatory information were intially reported in CBET 1910, CBET 1911, and <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> Special Notice #166. The nova, located in a very crowded field within the Milky Way, is reported by T. Kato (vsnet-alert 11399) to have a large B-V (+1.6), indicating it is highly reddened. N Oph 2009 has been assigned the identifiers VSX J173819.7-264413 and the AUID 000-BJP-605. Please submit observations to the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> <span class="hlt">International</span> Database using the name N OPH 2009.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.C52B..04R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.C52B..04R"><span>Rapid grounding line migration induced by <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of a marine-terminating ice stream</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Robel, A.; Schoof, C.; Tziperman, E.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Numerous studies have found significant <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the velocity of ice streams to be a prominent feature of geomorphologic records in the Siple Coast (Catania et al. 2012) and other regions in West Antarctica (Dowdeswell et al. 2008). Observations indicate that grounding line position is strongly influenced by ice stream <span class="hlt">variability</span>, producing rapid grounding line migration in the recent past (Catania et al. 2006) and the modern (Joughin & Tulaczyk 2002). We analyze the interaction of grounding line mass flux and position in a marine-terminating ice stream using a stretch-coordinate flowline model. This model is based on that described in Schoof (2007), with a mesh refined near the grounding line to ensure accurate resolution of the mechanical transition zone. Here we have added lateral shear stress (Dupont & Alley 2005) and an undrained plastic bed (Tulaczyk et al. 2000). The parameter dependence of ice stream <span class="hlt">variability</span> seen in this model compares favorably to both simpler (Robel et al. 2013) and more complex (van der Wel et al. 2013) models, though with some key differences. We find that thermally-induced <span class="hlt">internal</span> ice stream <span class="hlt">variability</span> can cause very rapid grounding line migration even in the absence of retrograde bed slopes or external forcing. Activation waves propagate along the ice stream length and trigger periods of rapid grounding line migration. We compare the behavior of the grounding line due to <span class="hlt">internal</span> ice stream <span class="hlt">variability</span> to changes triggered externally at the grounding line such as the rapid disintegration of buttressing ice shelves. Implications for Heinrich events and the Marine Ice Sheet Instability are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AAS...203.2803C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AAS...203.2803C"><span>Leslie Peltier, Amateur Astronomer and Observer Extraordinaire</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Corbin, B. G.</p> <p>2003-12-01</p> <p>Leslie Copus Peltier, (Jan. 2, 1900-May 10, 1980) was called "the world's greatest non-professional astronomer" by none other than Harlow Shapley, and also referred to as the "the world's greatest living amateur astronomer". He began observing <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars on March 1, 1918 with an observation of R. Leonis and at the time of his death had made a total of 132,123 observations of <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars. These were reported to the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> on a consecutive monthly basis stretching from 1918 to his death in 1980. As of October 2003, he was still on <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>'s list of the top 25 observers in its history. Born on a farm near Delphos, Ohio, his parents were well read and their home was filled with books on different subjects, including nature guides. As a young man he studied the flora and fauna of the area and in 1915 began his study of the heavens with Vega being the first star he identified. After the purchase of a 2-inch spyglass, his observations of <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars began to be noticed by professional astronomers and the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> loaned him a 4-inch Mogey refractor; shortly thereafter Henry Norris Russell of Princeton loaned him via the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> a 6-inch refractor, a comet seeker of short focus. He discovered 12 comets, 10 of which carry his name, and 6 novae or recurring novae. His design of the "Merry-Go-Round Observatory" was a novel approach with the whole observatory revolving around the observer while seated in his observing chair. Miami University (Ohio) later donated to him their 12-inch Clark refractor with its dome. His first book, Starlight Nights: The Adventures of a Star-Gazer, appeared in 1965. This autobiography, an ode to the joys of observing both the night sky and nature, was written in beautifully descriptive language that helped lead countless readers into astronomy. Departing from astronomy, in 1977 he published The Place on Jennings Creek. Written in the style of the 19th century naturalist, the book was devoted to his family's home, Brookhaven, and its natural</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880012119','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19880012119"><span>An <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variable</span> constitutive model for the large deformation of metals at high temperatures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Brown, Stuart; Anand, Lallit</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>The advent of large deformation finite element methodologies is beginning to permit the numerical simulation of hot working processes whose design until recently has been based on prior industrial experience. Proper application of such finite element techniques requires realistic constitutive equations which more accurately model material behavior during hot working. A simple constitutive model for hot working is the single scalar <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variable</span> model for isotropic thermal elastoplasticity proposed by Anand. The model is recalled and the specific scalar functions, for the equivalent plastic strain rate and the evolution equation for the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variable</span>, presented are slight modifications of those proposed by Anand. The modified functions are better able to represent high temperature material behavior. The monotonic constant true strain rate and strain rate jump compression experiments on a 2 percent silicon iron is briefly described. The model is implemented in the general purpose finite element program ABAQUS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AJ....155...39O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AJ....155...39O"><span><span class="hlt">Variability</span> Properties of Four Million Sources in the TESS Input Catalog Observed with the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope Survey</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oelkers, Ryan J.; Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Pepper, Joshua; Somers, Garrett; Kafka, Stella; Stevens, Daniel J.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Siverd, Robert J.; Lund, Michael B.; Kuhn, Rudolf B.; James, David; Gaudi, B. Scott</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) has been surveying more than 70% of the celestial sphere for nearly a decade. While the primary science goal of the survey is the discovery of transiting, large-radii planets around bright host stars, the survey has collected more than 106 images, with a typical cadence between 10–30 minutes, for more than four million sources with apparent visual magnitudes in the approximate range 7< V< 13. Here, we provide a catalog of 52,741 objects showing significant large-amplitude fluctuations likely caused by stellar <span class="hlt">variability</span>, as well as 62,229 objects identified with likely stellar rotation periods. The detected <span class="hlt">variability</span> ranges in rms-amplitude from ∼3 mmag to ∼2.3 mag, and the detected periods range from ∼0.1 to ≳2000 days. We provide <span class="hlt">variability</span> upper limits for all other ∼4,000,000 sources. These upper limits are principally a function of stellar brightness, but we achieve typical 1σ sensitivity on 30 min timescales down to ∼5 mmag at V∼ 8, and down to ∼43 mmag at V∼ 13. We have matched our catalog to the TESS Input catalog and the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Index to precipitate the follow-up and classification of each source. The catalog is maintained as a living database on the Filtergraph visualization portal at the URL https://filtergraph.com/kelt_vars.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AAN...556....1W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AAN...556....1W"><span>Monitoring of V2487 Oph requested</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Waagen, Elizabeth O.</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p> sequence may be created using the AAVS! O Variab le Star Plotter (https://www.<span class="hlt">aavso</span>.org/vsp). Observations should be submitted to the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> <span class="hlt">International</span> Database. See full Alert Notice for more details.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAVSO..46...87L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAVSO..46...87L"><span>Transits, Spots, and Eclipses: The Sunís Role in Pedagogy and Outreach (Abstract)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Larsen, K.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>(Abstract only) While most people observe <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars at night, the observers of the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> Solar Section make a single observation per day, but only if it is sunny, because our <span class="hlt">variable</span> is the Sun itself. While the Sun can play an important role in astronomy outreach and pedagogy in general, as demonstrated by the recent 2017 eclipse, it can also serve as an ambassador for <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars. This talk will examine how our sun can be used as a tool to explain several types of <span class="hlt">variable</span> star behaviors, including transits, spots, and eclipses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAVSO..46...74S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAVSO..46...74S"><span>Visual Times of Maxima for Short Period Pulsating Stars III</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Samolyk, G.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Abstract This compilation contains 524 times of maxima of 9 short period pulsating stars (primarily RR Lyrae stars; RW Cnc, TT Cnc, VZ Cnc, RR Cet, XZ Cyg, DM Cyg, RW Dra, XZ Dra, RR Gem). These were reduced from a portion of the visual observations made from 1966 to 2014 that are included in the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> <span class="hlt">International</span> Database.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26686867','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26686867"><span>Impact of advanced monitoring <span class="hlt">variables</span> on intraoperative clinical decision-making: an <span class="hlt">international</span> survey.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Joosten, Alexandre; Desebbe, Olivier; Suehiro, Koichi; Essiet, Mfonobong; Alexander, Brenton; Ricks, Cameron; Rinehart, Joseph; Faraoni, David; Cecconi, Maurizio; Van der Linden, Philippe; Cannesson, Maxime</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>To assess the relationship between the addition of advanced monitoring <span class="hlt">variables</span> and changes in clinical decision-making. A 15-questions survey was anonymously emailed to <span class="hlt">international</span> experts and physician members of five anesthesia societies which focused on assessing treatment decisions of clinicians during three realistic clinical scenarios measured at two distinct time points. The first is when typical case information and basic monitoring (T1) were provided, and then once again after the addition of advanced monitoring <span class="hlt">variables</span> (T2). We hypothesized that the addition of advanced <span class="hlt">variables</span> would increase the incidence of an optimal therapeutic decision (a priori defined as the answer with the highest percentage of expert agreement) and decrease the <span class="hlt">variability</span> among the physician's suggested treatments. The survey was completed by 18 experts and 839 physicians. Overall, adding advanced monitoring did not significantly increase physician response accuracy, with the least substantial changes noted on questions related to volume expansion or vasopressor administration. Moreover, advanced monitoring data did not significantly decrease the high level of initial practice <span class="hlt">variability</span> in physician suggested treatments (P = 0.13), in contrast to the low <span class="hlt">variability</span> observed within the expert group (P = 0.039). Additionally, 5-10 years of practice (P < 0.0001) and a cardiovascular subspecialty (P = 0.048) were both physician characteristics associated with a higher rate of optimal therapeutic decisions. The addition of advanced <span class="hlt">variables</span> was of limited benefit for most physicians, further indicating the need for more in depth education on the clinical value and technical understanding of such <span class="hlt">variables</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27271085','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27271085"><span><span class="hlt">Variable-Internal</span>-Stores models of microbial growth and metabolism with dynamic allocation of cellular resources.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nev, Olga A; van den Berg, Hugo A</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Variable-Internal</span>-Stores models of microbial metabolism and growth have proven to be invaluable in accounting for changes in cellular composition as microbial cells adapt to varying conditions of nutrient availability. Here, such a model is extended with explicit allocation of molecular building blocks among various types of catalytic machinery. Such an extension allows a reconstruction of the regulatory rules employed by the cell as it adapts its physiology to changing environmental conditions. Moreover, the extension proposed here creates a link between classic models of microbial growth and analyses based on detailed transcriptomics and proteomics data sets. We ascertain the compatibility between the extended <span class="hlt">Variable-Internal</span>-Stores model and the classic models, demonstrate its behaviour by means of simulations, and provide a detailed treatment of the uniqueness and the stability of its equilibrium point as a function of the availabilities of the various nutrients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAVSO..44...94P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAVSO..44...94P"><span>Studies of the Long Secondary Periods in Pulsating Red Giants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Percy, J. R.; Deibert, E.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>We have used systematic, sustained visual observations from the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> <span class="hlt">International</span> Database and the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> time-series analysis package VSTAR to study the unexplained "long secondary periods" (LSPs) in 27 pulsating red giants. In our sample, the LSPs range from 479 to 2967 days, and are on average 8.1 +/- 1.3 times the excited pulsation period. There is no evidence for more than one LSP in each star. In stars with both the fundamental and first overtone radial period present, the LSP is more often about 10 times the latter. The visual amplitudes of the LSPs are typically 0.1 magnitude and do not correlate with the LSP. The phase curves tend to be sinusoidal, but at least two are sawtooth. The LSPs are stable, within their errors, over the timespan of our data, which is typically 25,000 days. The amplitudes, however, vary by up to a factor of two or more on a time scale of roughly 20-30 LSPs. There is no obvious difference between the carbon (C) stars and the normal oxygen (M) stars. Previous multicolor observations showed that the LSP color variations are similar to those of the pulsation period, and of the LSPs in the Magellanic Clouds, and not like those of eclipsing stars. We note that the LSPs are similar to the estimated rotation periods of the stars, though the latter have large uncertainties. This suggests that the LSP phenomenon may be a form of modulated rotational <span class="hlt">variability</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1411037-internal-variability-dynamically-downscaled-climate-over-north-america','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1411037-internal-variability-dynamically-downscaled-climate-over-north-america"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of a dynamically downscaled climate over North America</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wang, Jiali; Bessac, Julie; Kotamarthi, Rao</p> <p></p> <p>This study investigates the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> (IV) of a regional climate model, and considers the impacts of horizontal resolution and spectral nudging on the IV. A 16-member simulation ensemble was conducted using the Weather Research Forecasting model for three model configurations. Ensemble members included simulations at spatial resolutions of 50 km and 12 km without spectral nudging and simulations at a spatial resolution of 12 km with spectral nudging. All the simulations were generated over the same domain, which covered much of North America. The degree of IV was measured as the spread between the individual members of the ensemblemore » during the integration period. The IV of the 12 km simulation with spectral nudging was also compared with a future climate change simulation projected by the same model configuration. The <span class="hlt">variables</span> investigated focus on precipitation and near-surface air temperature. While the IVs show a clear annual cycle with larger values in summer and smaller values in winter, the seasonal IV is smaller for a 50-km spatial resolution than for a 12-km resolution when nudging is not applied. Applying a nudging technique to the 12-km simulation reduces the IV by a factor of two, and produces smaller IV than the simulation at 50 km without nudging. Applying a nudging technique also changes the geographic distributions of IV in all examined <span class="hlt">variables</span>. The IV is much smaller than the inter-annual <span class="hlt">variability</span> at seasonal scales for regionally averaged temperature and precipitation. The IV is also smaller than the projected changes in air-temperature for the mid- and late 21st century. However, the IV is larger than the projected changes in precipitation for the mid- and late 21st century.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1429906-internal-variability-dynamically-downscaled-climate-over-north-america','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1429906-internal-variability-dynamically-downscaled-climate-over-north-america"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of a dynamically downscaled climate over North America</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wang, Jiali; Bessac, Julie; Kotamarthi, Rao</p> <p></p> <p>This study investigates the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> (IV) of a regional climate model, and considers the impacts of horizontal resolution and spectral nudging on the IV. A 16-member simulation ensemble was conducted using the Weather Research Forecasting model for three model configurations. Ensemble members included simulations at spatial resolutions of 50 and 12 km without spectral nudging and simulations at a spatial resolution of 12 km with spectral nudging. All the simulations were generated over the same domain, which covered much of North America. The degree of IV was measured as the spread between the individual members of the ensemble duringmore » the integration period. The IV of the 12 km simulation with spectral nudging was also compared with a future climate change simulation projected by the same model configuration. The <span class="hlt">variables</span> investigated focus on precipitation and near-surface air temperature. While the IVs show a clear annual cycle with larger values in summer and smaller values in winter, the seasonal IV is smaller for a 50-km spatial resolution than for a 12-km resolution when nudging is not applied. Applying a nudging technique to the 12-km simulation reduces the IV by a factor of two, and produces smaller IV than the simulation at 50 km without nudging. Applying a nudging technique also changes the geographic distributions of IV in all examined <span class="hlt">variables</span>. The IV is much smaller than the inter-annual <span class="hlt">variability</span> at seasonal scales for regionally averaged temperature and precipitation. The IV is also smaller than the projected changes in air-temperature for the mid- and late twenty-first century. However, the IV is larger than the projected changes in precipitation for the mid- and late twenty-first century.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.4539W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.4539W"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of a dynamically downscaled climate over North America</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Jiali; Bessac, Julie; Kotamarthi, Rao; Constantinescu, Emil; Drewniak, Beth</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>This study investigates the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> (IV) of a regional climate model, and considers the impacts of horizontal resolution and spectral nudging on the IV. A 16-member simulation ensemble was conducted using the Weather Research Forecasting model for three model configurations. Ensemble members included simulations at spatial resolutions of 50 and 12 km without spectral nudging and simulations at a spatial resolution of 12 km with spectral nudging. All the simulations were generated over the same domain, which covered much of North America. The degree of IV was measured as the spread between the individual members of the ensemble during the integration period. The IV of the 12 km simulation with spectral nudging was also compared with a future climate change simulation projected by the same model configuration. The <span class="hlt">variables</span> investigated focus on precipitation and near-surface air temperature. While the IVs show a clear annual cycle with larger values in summer and smaller values in winter, the seasonal IV is smaller for a 50-km spatial resolution than for a 12-km resolution when nudging is not applied. Applying a nudging technique to the 12-km simulation reduces the IV by a factor of two, and produces smaller IV than the simulation at 50 km without nudging. Applying a nudging technique also changes the geographic distributions of IV in all examined <span class="hlt">variables</span>. The IV is much smaller than the inter-annual <span class="hlt">variability</span> at seasonal scales for regionally averaged temperature and precipitation. The IV is also smaller than the projected changes in air-temperature for the mid- and late twenty-first century. However, the IV is larger than the projected changes in precipitation for the mid- and late twenty-first century.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy..tmp..673W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy..tmp..673W"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of a dynamically downscaled climate over North America</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Jiali; Bessac, Julie; Kotamarthi, Rao; Constantinescu, Emil; Drewniak, Beth</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>This study investigates the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> (IV) of a regional climate model, and considers the impacts of horizontal resolution and spectral nudging on the IV. A 16-member simulation ensemble was conducted using the Weather Research Forecasting model for three model configurations. Ensemble members included simulations at spatial resolutions of 50 and 12 km without spectral nudging and simulations at a spatial resolution of 12 km with spectral nudging. All the simulations were generated over the same domain, which covered much of North America. The degree of IV was measured as the spread between the individual members of the ensemble during the integration period. The IV of the 12 km simulation with spectral nudging was also compared with a future climate change simulation projected by the same model configuration. The <span class="hlt">variables</span> investigated focus on precipitation and near-surface air temperature. While the IVs show a clear annual cycle with larger values in summer and smaller values in winter, the seasonal IV is smaller for a 50-km spatial resolution than for a 12-km resolution when nudging is not applied. Applying a nudging technique to the 12-km simulation reduces the IV by a factor of two, and produces smaller IV than the simulation at 50 km without nudging. Applying a nudging technique also changes the geographic distributions of IV in all examined <span class="hlt">variables</span>. The IV is much smaller than the inter-annual <span class="hlt">variability</span> at seasonal scales for regionally averaged temperature and precipitation. The IV is also smaller than the projected changes in air-temperature for the mid- and late twenty-first century. However, the IV is larger than the projected changes in precipitation for the mid- and late twenty-first century.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19402860','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19402860"><span>They just don't get enough! <span class="hlt">Variable</span> <span class="hlt">intern</span> experience in bedside procedural skills.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Boots, R J; Egerton, W; McKeering, H; Winter, H</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>Medical school and resident training programmes offer different learning opportunities and outcomes. The aim of the study was to assess medical student and <span class="hlt">intern</span> experience in common clinical procedures. <span class="hlt">Interns</span> employed in a metropolitan teaching hospital from 2000 to 2004 completed a survey of experience and confidence in clinical procedures at the beginning and end of their <span class="hlt">intern</span> year. Attendance at and the contribution to procedural confidence of a voluntary procedural skill-training programme were examined. For the 314 <span class="hlt">interns</span>, clinical experience before and during internship varied for each procedure and between year cohorts as did training programme attendance (44-84%). Student procedural confidence was predicted by pre-<span class="hlt">intern</span> experience either on patients or by simulation (beta = 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02-0.21, P = 0.03) and age >30 years on commencing internship (beta = 8.44, 95%CI 3.03-14.06, P = 0.003. Adjusted R(2) = 0.08, P = 0.002). <span class="hlt">Intern</span> procedural confidence by year's end was predicted by attendance at the training programme (beta = 0.48, 95%CI 0.34-0.62, P < 0.001), <span class="hlt">intern</span> experience with patient procedures (beta = 0.34, 95%CI 0.21-0.47, P < 0.001) and a clear decision to enter a postgraduate training programme (beta = 0.13, 95%CI 0.04-0.22, P = 0.007, Adjusted R(2) = 0.50, P < 0.001). <span class="hlt">Interns</span> and students receive <span class="hlt">variable</span> experience to carry out procedural skills on patients. This makes designing training programmes difficult as training needs vary each year. Both mandatory supervision of key skills and opportunities to supplement limited experience are needed during the <span class="hlt">intern</span> year to ensure a uniform experience.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JEPT...91....1S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JEPT...91....1S"><span>The Theory of Thermodynamic Systems with <span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">Variables</span> of State: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Compliance with the Second Law of Thermodynamics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shnip, A. I.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Based on the entropy-free thermodynamic approach, a generalized theory of thermodynamic systems with <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span> of state is being developed. For the case of nonlinear thermodynamic systems with <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span> of state and linear relaxation, the necessary and sufficient conditions have been proved for fulfillment of the second law of thermodynamics in entropy-free formulation which, according to the basic theorem of the theory, are also necessary and sufficient for the existence of a thermodynamic potential. Moreover, relations of correspondence between thermodynamic systems with memory and systems with <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span> of state have been established, as well as some useful relations in the spaces of states of both types of systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AAVSN.429....1W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AAVSN.429....1W"><span>V694 Mon (MWC 560) spectroscopy requested</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Waagen, Elizabeth O.</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p> ideal, though spectra with a smaller range can still be useful. Photometry could potentially still be useful, but will be supplementary to medium-cadence photometry being collected by the ANS collaboration." "Spectroscopy may be uploaded to the ARAS database (http://www.astrosurf.com/aras/Aras_DataBase/DataBase.htm), or sent to Adrian and Jeno directly at <lucy@astro.columbia.edu>. Finder charts with sequence may be created using the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Plotter (https://www.<span class="hlt">aavso</span>.org/vsp). Photometry should be submitted to the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> <span class="hlt">International</span> Database. See full Special Notice for more details.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28222343','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28222343"><span>Motor skills in kindergarten: <span class="hlt">Internal</span> structure, cognitive correlates and relationships to background <span class="hlt">variables</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Oberer, Nicole; Gashaj, Venera; Roebers, Claudia M</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The present study aimed to contribute to the discussion about the relation between motor coordination and executive functions in preschool children. Specifically, the relation between gross and fine motor skills and executive functions as well as the relation to possible background <span class="hlt">variables</span> (SES, physical activity) were investigated. Based on the data of N=156 kindergarten children the <span class="hlt">internal</span> structure of motor skills was investigated and confirmed the theoretically assumed subdivision of gross and fine motor skills. Both, gross and fine motor skills correlated significantly with executive functions, whereas the background <span class="hlt">variables</span> seemed to have no significant impact on the executive functions and motor skills. Higher order control processes are discussed as an explanation of the relation between executive functions and motor skills. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24418218','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24418218"><span>Does <span class="hlt">internal</span> climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> overwhelm climate change signals in streamflow? The upper Po and Rhone basin case studies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fatichi, S; Rimkus, S; Burlando, P; Bordoy, R</p> <p>2014-09-15</p> <p>Projections of climate change effects in streamflow are increasingly required to plan water management strategies. These projections are however largely uncertain due to the spread among climate model realizations, <span class="hlt">internal</span> climate <span class="hlt">variability</span>, and difficulties in transferring climate model results at the spatial and temporal scales required by catchment hydrology. A combination of a stochastic downscaling methodology and distributed hydrological modeling was used in the ACQWA project to provide projections of future streamflow (up to year 2050) for the upper Po and Rhone basins, respectively located in northern Italy and south-western Switzerland. Results suggest that <span class="hlt">internal</span> (stochastic) climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> is a fundamental source of uncertainty, typically comparable or larger than the projected climate change signal. Therefore, climate change effects in streamflow mean, frequency, and seasonality can be masked by natural climatic fluctuations in large parts of the analyzed regions. An exception to the overwhelming role of stochastic <span class="hlt">variability</span> is represented by high elevation catchments fed by glaciers where streamflow is expected to be considerably reduced due to glacier retreat, with consequences appreciable in the main downstream rivers in August and September. Simulations also identify regions (west upper Rhone and Toce, Ticino river basins) where a strong precipitation increase in the February to April period projects streamflow beyond the range of natural climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> during the melting season. This study emphasizes the importance of including <span class="hlt">internal</span> climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> in climate change analyses, especially when compared to the limited uncertainty that would be accounted for by few deterministic projections. The presented results could be useful in guiding more specific impact studies, although design or management decisions should be better based on reliability and vulnerability criteria as suggested by recent literature. Copyright © 2013</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5974559','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5974559"><span>Non-linear Heart Rate <span class="hlt">Variability</span> as a Discriminator of <span class="hlt">Internalizing</span> Psychopathology and Negative Affect in Children With <span class="hlt">Internalizing</span> Problems and Healthy Controls</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fiskum, Charlotte; Andersen, Tonje G.; Bornas, Xavier; Aslaksen, Per M.; Flaten, Magne A.; Jacobsen, Karl</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Background: <span class="hlt">Internalizing</span> psychopathology and dysregulated negative affect are characterized by dysregulation in the autonomic nervous system and reduced heart rate <span class="hlt">variability</span> (HRV) due to increases in sympathetic activity alongside reduced vagal tone. The neurovisceral system is however, a complex nonlinear system, and nonlinear indices related to psychopathology are so far less studied in children. Essential nonlinear properties of a system can be found in two main domains: the informational domain and the invariant domain. sample entropy (SampEn) is a much-used method from the informational domain, while detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) represents a widely-used method from the invariant domain. To see if nonlinear HRV can provide information beyond linear indices of autonomic activation, this study investigated SampEn and DFA as discriminators of <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> psychopathology and negative affect alongside measures of vagally-mediated HRV and sympathetic activation. Material and Methods: Thirty-Two children with <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> difficulties and 25 healthy controls (aged 9–13) were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist and the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire, Revised, giving an estimate of <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> psychopathology, negative affect and effortful control, a protective factor against psychopathology. Five minute electrocardiogram and impedance cardiography recordings were collected during a resting baseline, giving estimates of SampEn, DFA short-term scaling exponent α1, root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and pre-ejection period (PEP). Between-group differences and correlations were assessed with parametric and non-parametric tests, and the relationships between cardiac <span class="hlt">variables</span>, psychopathology and negative affect were assessed using generalized linear modeling. Results: SampEn and DFA were not significantly different between the groups. SampEn was weakly negatively related to heart rate (HR) in the controls, while DFA</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29875679','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29875679"><span>Non-linear Heart Rate <span class="hlt">Variability</span> as a Discriminator of <span class="hlt">Internalizing</span> Psychopathology and Negative Affect in Children With <span class="hlt">Internalizing</span> Problems and Healthy Controls.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fiskum, Charlotte; Andersen, Tonje G; Bornas, Xavier; Aslaksen, Per M; Flaten, Magne A; Jacobsen, Karl</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Background: <span class="hlt">Internalizing</span> psychopathology and dysregulated negative affect are characterized by dysregulation in the autonomic nervous system and reduced heart rate <span class="hlt">variability</span> (HRV) due to increases in sympathetic activity alongside reduced vagal tone. The neurovisceral system is however, a complex nonlinear system, and nonlinear indices related to psychopathology are so far less studied in children. Essential nonlinear properties of a system can be found in two main domains: the informational domain and the invariant domain. sample entropy (SampEn) is a much-used method from the informational domain, while detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) represents a widely-used method from the invariant domain. To see if nonlinear HRV can provide information beyond linear indices of autonomic activation, this study investigated SampEn and DFA as discriminators of <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> psychopathology and negative affect alongside measures of vagally-mediated HRV and sympathetic activation. Material and Methods: Thirty-Two children with <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> difficulties and 25 healthy controls (aged 9-13) were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist and the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire, Revised, giving an estimate of <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> psychopathology, negative affect and effortful control, a protective factor against psychopathology. Five minute electrocardiogram and impedance cardiography recordings were collected during a resting baseline, giving estimates of SampEn, DFA short-term scaling exponent α 1 , root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and pre-ejection period (PEP). Between-group differences and correlations were assessed with parametric and non-parametric tests, and the relationships between cardiac <span class="hlt">variables</span>, psychopathology and negative affect were assessed using generalized linear modeling. Results: SampEn and DFA were not significantly different between the groups. SampEn was weakly negatively related to heart rate (HR) in the controls, while DFA</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016CSR...116....1S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016CSR...116....1S"><span>Temperature <span class="hlt">variability</span> caused by <span class="hlt">internal</span> tides in the coral reef ecosystem of Hanauma bay, Hawai'i</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Smith, Katharine A.; Rocheleau, Greg; Merrifield, Mark A.; Jaramillo, Sergio; Pawlak, Geno</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve is a shallow bay (<30 m depth) on the island of O'ahu, Hawai'i, offshore of which tidal flow over deep ridge topography (500-1000 m depth) is known to generate semidiurnal frequency <span class="hlt">internal</span> tides. A field experiment was conducted during March to June 2009 to determine whether the deep <span class="hlt">internal</span> tides propagate shoreward to influence <span class="hlt">variability</span> in temperature and currents in the bay environment. Temperature observations in the bay exhibit a diurnal cycle that is strongest near the surface (upper 10 m) and is associated with solar heating. In early summer (May-June), as the upper mixed layer warms and a shallow seasonal thermocline develops, temperature fluctuations in deeper bay waters (>15 m depth) become dominated by large semidiurnal variations (up to 2.7 °C) that are attributed to the <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide. These temperature drops caused by the <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide occur consistently twice a day under summer stratification at depths as shallow as 15 m, while smaller temperature drops (up to 1.8 °C) occur occasionally at 5 m. Although semidiurnal band temperatures vary seasonally, semidiurnal band currents exhibit similar magnitudes in spring and summer. This suggests that the weak temperature fluctuations in spring are due to the bay residing entirely in the upper mixed layer at this time of year, while <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide energy continues to influence currents. Observations made along a cross-shore/vertical transect at the center of the bay with an autonomous underwater vehicle highlight the structure of cold intrusions that fill a large portion of the bay as well as the relationship between temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, and backscatter. Near-bottom, advective heat flux estimates at the mouth of the bay indicate that the <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide tends to advect cold water into the bay primarily on the northeast side of the bay entrance, with cold water outflow on the opposite side. The observations highlight the role of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide along with</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAVSO..44...82C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAVSO..44...82C"><span>Time Series Observations of the 2015 Eclipse of b Persei (not beta Persei) (Abstract)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Collins, D. F.</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>(Abstract only) The bright (V = 4.6) ellipsoidal <span class="hlt">variable</span> b Persei consists of a close non-eclipsing binary pair that shows a nearly sinusoidal light curve with a ~1.5 day period. This system also contains a third star that orbits the binary pair every 702 days. <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> observers recently detected the first ever optical eclipse of A-B binary pair by the third star as a series of snapshots (D. Collins, R. Zavala, J. Sanborn - <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> Spring Meeting, 2013); abstract published in Collins, JAAVSO, 41, 2, 391 (2013); b Per mis-printed as b Per therein. A follow-up eclipse campaign in mid-January 2015 recorded time-series observations. These new time-series observations clearly show multiple ingress and egress of each component of the binary system by the third star over the eclipse duration of 2 to 3 days. A simulation of the eclipse was created. Orbital and some astrophysical parameters were adjusted within constraints to give a reasonable fit to the observed light curve.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAVSO..45..197P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAVSO..45..197P"><span>Amplitude Variations in Pulsating Red Giants. II. Some Systematics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Percy, J. R.; Laing, J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In order to extend our previous studies of the unexplained phenomenon of cyclic amplitude variations in pulsating red giants, we have used the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> time-series analysis package vstar to analyze long-term <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> visual observations of 50 such stars, mostly Mira stars. The relative amount of the variation, typically a factor of 1.5, and the time scale of the variation, typically 20-35 pulsation periods, are not significantly different in longer-period, shorter-period, and carbon stars in our sample, and they also occur in stars whose period is changing secularly, perhaps due to a thermal pulse. The time scale of the variations is similar to that in smaller-amplitude SR <span class="hlt">variables</span>, but the relative amount of the variation appears to be larger in smaller-amplitude stars, and is therefore more conspicuous. The cause of the amplitude variations remains unclear, though they may be due to rotational modulation of a star whose pulsating surface is dominated by the effects of large convective cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ATel11626....1D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ATel11626....1D"><span>MASTER OT J072007.30+451611.6: Cataclysmic <span class="hlt">Variable</span> with an Extreme Hot Spot</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Denisenko, D.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>MASTER team has reported an unusual object MASTER OT J072007.30+451611.6 in ATel #11620 (T. Pogrosheva et al.). The object was observed at 17.0-17.2m during 9 minutes from 22:15:26 to 22:24:30 UT on 2018-04-26, but was below the detection limit (18.8m) 45 minutes before the first positive observation and 43 minutes after the last one. As noted by S. Otero in <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> VSX entry, MASTER OT J072007.30+451611.6 has an X-ray counterpart XMMSL2 J072007.4+451615.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2614188','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2614188"><span>Intraspecific ITS <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in the Kingdom Fungi as Expressed in the <span class="hlt">International</span> Sequence Databases and Its Implications for Molecular Species Identification</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nilsson, R. Henrik; Kristiansson, Erik; Ryberg, Martin; Hallenberg, Nils; Larsson, Karl-Henrik</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">internal</span> transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit is the most popular locus for species identification and subgeneric phylogenetic inference in sequence-based mycological research. The region is known to show certain <span class="hlt">variability</span> even within species, although its intraspecific <span class="hlt">variability</span> is often held to be limited and clearly separated from interspecific <span class="hlt">variability</span>. The existence of such a divide between intra- and interspecific <span class="hlt">variability</span> is implicitly assumed by automated approaches to species identification, but whether intraspecific <span class="hlt">variability</span> indeed is negligible within the fungal kingdom remains contentious. The present study estimates the intraspecific ITS <span class="hlt">variability</span> in all fungi presently available to the mycological community through the <span class="hlt">international</span> sequence databases. Substantial differences were found within the kingdom, and the results are not easily correlated to the taxonomic affiliation or nutritional mode of the taxa considered. No single unifying yet stringent upper limit for intraspecific <span class="hlt">variability</span>, such as the canonical 3% threshold, appears to be applicable with the desired outcome throughout the fungi. Our results caution against simplified approaches to automated ITS-based species delimitation and reiterate the need for taxonomic expertise in the translation of sequence data into species names. PMID:19204817</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AAS...23211805O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AAS...23211805O"><span>Watching Stars Grow: The adaptation and creation of instructional material for the acquisition, reduction, and analysis of data using photometry tools at the WestRock Observatory.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>O'Keeffe, Brendon; Johnson, Michael; Murphy Williams, Rosa Nina</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The WestRock observatory at Columbus State University provides laboratory and research opportunities to earth and space science students specializing in astrophysics and planetary geology. Through continuing improvements, the observatory has been expanding the types of research carried out by undergraduates. Photometric measurements are an essential tool for observational research, especially for objects of <span class="hlt">variable</span> brightness.Using the American Association of <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Observers (<span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>) database, students choose <span class="hlt">variable</span> star targets for observation. Students then perform observations to develop the ability to properly record, calibrate, and interpret the data. Results are then submitted to a large database of observations through the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>.Standardized observation procedures will be developed in the form of manuals and instructional videos specific to the equipment housed in the WestRock Observatory. This procedure will be used by students conducting laboratory exercises and undergraduate research projects that utilize photometry. Such hands-on, direct observational experience will help to familiarize the students with observational techniques and contribute to an active dataset, which in turn will prepare them for future research in their field.In addition, this set of procedures and the data resulting from them will be used in the wider outreach programs of the WestRock Observatory, so that students and interested public nationwide can learn about both the process and importance of photometry in astronomical research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy..tmp..785K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy..tmp..785K"><span>Intercomparison of model response and <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> across climate model ensembles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kumar, Devashish; Ganguly, Auroop R.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Characterization of climate uncertainty at regional scales over near-term planning horizons (0-30 years) is crucial for climate adaptation. Climate <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> (CIV) dominates climate uncertainty over decadal prediction horizons at stakeholders' scales (regional to local). In the literature, CIV has been characterized indirectly using projections of climate change from multi-model ensembles (MME) instead of directly using projections from multiple initial condition ensembles (MICE), primarily because adequate number of initial condition (IC) runs were not available for any climate model. Nevertheless, the recent availability of significant number of IC runs from one climate model allows for the first time to characterize CIV directly from climate model projections and perform a sensitivity analysis to study the dominance of CIV compared to model response <span class="hlt">variability</span> (MRV). Here, we measure relative agreement (a dimensionless number with values ranging between 0 and 1, inclusive; a high value indicates less <span class="hlt">variability</span> and vice versa) among MME and MICE and find that CIV is lower than MRV for all projection time horizons and spatial resolutions for precipitation and temperature. However, CIV exhibits greater dominance over MRV for seasonal and annual mean precipitation at higher latitudes where signals of climate change are expected to emerge sooner. Furthermore, precipitation exhibits large uncertainties and a rapid decline in relative agreement from global to continental, regional, or local scales for MICE compared to MME. The fractional contribution of uncertainty due to CIV is invariant for precipitation and decreases for temperature as lead time progresses towards the end of the century.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AAS...22924308C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AAS...22924308C"><span>Long-term Accretion Variations of the Magnetic Cataclysmic <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star QQ Vulpecula</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cooper Rose, Sanaea; Kafka, Stella; Jorgenson, Regina; Carr, Derrick; Childs, Francesca; Christenson, Holly; Karim, Md. Tanveer; Konchady, Tarini; Walker, Gary E.; Honeycutt, R. K.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Magnetic cataclysmic <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars have brightness variations that repeat with each revolution of the two stars about the center of mass of the system. However, in the case of QQ Vulpecula (QQ Vul), this brightness variation pattern changes in the long term. This study makes use of two decades worth of data from the Roboscope Telescope as well as data from the American Association of <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Observers (<span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>) database to examine the long-term evolution of QQ Vul’s phase curves. Nightly observations using the Maria Mitchell Association's Vestal and Loines Observatories supplemented this analysis by clarifying short-term brightness variation. The long-term data was divided into four commonly observed behavioral types ranging from a double peaked curve of ~15.5 magnitude to a ~15.0 magnitude curve that had a primary minimum and a slow, linear rise in brightness in place of the secondary minimum. The nightly data kept within the confines of these categories, though the secondary minimum in the nightly data never vanished. No periodicity was found in the long-term variations. The model often invoked to explain the double peaked curve consists of single pole accretion in which a partial self-eclipse causes the secondary minimum and cyclotron beaming causes the primary minimum. However, the long-term variation may indicate a changing accretion rate, which may manifest itself in changes to the shape, size, or location of the accretion spot on the white dwarf such that it lessens or removes the secondary minimum. This project was supported by the NSF REU grant AST-1358980, the Massachusetts Space Grant, and the Nantucket Maria Mitchell Association.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ATel11699....1R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ATel11699....1R"><span>Swift observations of SDSS J141118.31+481257.6 during superoutburst</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rivera Sandoval, L. E.; Maccarone, T.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>We report on follow-up Swift observations of the AM CVn-type binary SDSS J141118.31+481257.6 (ATEL #11668, #11672). Based on ground based photometry, the re-brightening previous to the current superoutburst was reported on 2018-June-1 (https://www.<span class="hlt">aavso.org/aavso</span>-alert-notice-636).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AAS...23114602W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AAS...23114602W"><span>Visual photometry: accuracy and precision</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Whiting, Alan</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Visual photometry, estimation by eye of the brightness of stars, remains an important source of data even in the age of widespread precision instruments. However, the eye-brain system differs from electronic detectors and its results may be expected to differ in several respects. I examine a selection of well-observed <span class="hlt">variables</span> from the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> database to determine several <span class="hlt">internal</span> characteristics of this data set. Visual estimates scatter around the fitted curves with a standard deviation of 0.14 to 0.34 magnitudes, most clustered in the 0.21-0.25 range. The variation of the scatter does not seem to correlate with color, type of <span class="hlt">variable</span>, or depth or speed of variation of the star’s brightness. The scatter of an individual observer’s observations changes from star to star, in step with the overall scatter. The shape of the deviations from the fitted curve is non-Gaussian, with positive excess kurtosis (more outlying observations). These results have implications for use of visual data, as well as other citizen science efforts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMNG32A..08K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMNG32A..08K"><span>The importance of stochasticity and <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> in geomorphic erosion system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kim, J.; Ivanov, V. Y.; Fatichi, S.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Understanding soil erosion is essential for a range of studies but the predictive skill of prognostic models and reliability of national-scale assessments have been repeatedly questioned. Indeed, data from multiple environments indicate that fluvial soil loss is highly non-unique and its frequency distributions exhibit heavy tails. We reveal that these features are attributed to the high sensitivity of erosion response to micro-scale variations of soil erodibility - `geomorphic <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span>'. The latter acts as an intermediary between forcing and erosion dynamics, augmenting the conventionally emphasized effects of `external <span class="hlt">variability</span>' (climate, topography, land use, management form). Furthermore, we observe a reduction of erosion non-uniqueness at larger temporal scales that correlates with environment stochasticity. Our analysis shows that this effect can be attributed to the larger likelihood of alternating characteristic regimes of sediment dynamics. The corollary of this study is that the glaring gap - the inherently large uncertainties and the fallacy of representativeness of central tendencies - must be conceded in soil loss assessments. Acknowledgement: This research was supported by a grant (16AWMP-B083066-03) from Water Management Research Program funded by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korean government, and by the faculty research fund of Sejong University in 2016.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRC..122.2519S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRC..122.2519S"><span>Frequency content of sea surface height <span class="hlt">variability</span> from <span class="hlt">internal</span> gravity waves to mesoscale eddies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Savage, Anna C.; Arbic, Brian K.; Richman, James G.; Shriver, Jay F.; Alford, Matthew H.; Buijsman, Maarten C.; Thomas Farrar, J.; Sharma, Hari; Voet, Gunnar; Wallcraft, Alan J.; Zamudio, Luis</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>High horizontal-resolution (1/12.5° and 1/25°) 41-layer global simulations of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), forced by both atmospheric fields and the astronomical tidal potential, are used to construct global maps of sea surface height (SSH) <span class="hlt">variability</span>. The HYCOM output is separated into steric and nonsteric and into subtidal, diurnal, semidiurnal, and supertidal frequency bands. The model SSH output is compared to two data sets that offer some geographical coverage and that also cover a wide range of frequencies—a set of 351 tide gauges that measure full SSH and a set of 14 in situ vertical profilers from which steric SSH can be calculated. Three of the global maps are of interest in planning for the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) two-dimensional swath altimeter mission: (1) maps of the total and (2) nonstationary <span class="hlt">internal</span> tidal signal (the latter calculated after removing the stationary <span class="hlt">internal</span> tidal signal via harmonic analysis), with an average variance of 1.05 and 0.43 cm2, respectively, for the semidiurnal band, and (3) a map of the steric supertidal contributions, which are dominated by the <span class="hlt">internal</span> gravity wave continuum, with an average variance of 0.15 cm2. Stationary <span class="hlt">internal</span> tides (which are predictable), nonstationary <span class="hlt">internal</span> tides (which will be harder to predict), and nontidal <span class="hlt">internal</span> gravity waves (which will be very difficult to predict) may all be important sources of high-frequency "noise" that could mask lower frequency phenomena in SSH measurements made by the SWOT mission.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JAVSO..38..139L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JAVSO..38..139L"><span>Scientists Look at 2010: Carrying on Margaret Mayall's Legacy of Debunking Pseudoscience</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Larsen, Krinstine</p> <p>2010-06-01</p> <p>In 1941 Margaret Mayall, the future director of the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>, and Harvard colleague Bart Bok authored a critical study of astrology and its impact on society entitled "Scientists Look at Astrology." They chastised the scientific community for thinking the debunking of astrology to be "below the dignity of scientists." In contrast, they opined that it is one of the duties of scientists to "inform the public about the nature and background of a current fad, such as astrology, even though to do so may be unpleasant." Fast-forward 68 years in the future, and the astronomical community now faces a pseudoscientific enemy just as insidious as astrology, yet just as ignored by the general professional and amateur community as astrology had been when Mayall and Bok took up the charge in 1941. The pseudoscience in question is the well-publicized "prediction" that the Mayan calendar will end on December 21, 2012, causing the end of civilization in concert with one of a number of possible astronomical calamities, including (but not limited to) the gravitational pull of the center of the Milky Way (somehow enhanced by an "alignment" with our solar system), the near-approach by a mythical 10th planet (often named Nibiru), large-scale damage to the planet by solar flares larger than those ever recorded, or the shifting of the earth's axis of rotation (often confused with a proposed sudden and catastrophic reversal of the earth's magnetic polarity). As a scientific and educational organization, the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> and its members have a responsibility to follow in Mayall's footsteps, shining the light of reason and knowledge on the dark corners of ignorance which far too often permeate the Internet, radio and television programming, and recent films, most notably 2012. This talk will highlight some of the basic premises of the 2012 hysteria and suggest ways that the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> and its members can use <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars and the history of the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> to counteract some of the astronomical misinformation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC34A..02H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC34A..02H"><span>Contributions of <span class="hlt">internal</span> climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> to mitigation of projected future regional sea level rise</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hu, A.; Bates, S. C.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Observations indicate that the global mean surface temperature is rising, so does the global mean sea level. Sea level rise (SLR) can impose significant impacts on island and coastal communities, especially when SLR is compounded with storm surges. Here, via analyzing results from two sets of ensemble simulations from the Community Earth System Model version 1, we investigate how the potential SLR benefits through mitigating the future emission scenarios from business as usual to a mild-mitigation over the 21st Century would be affected by <span class="hlt">internal</span> climate <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Results show that there is almost no SLR benefit in the near term due to the large SLR <span class="hlt">variability</span> due to the <span class="hlt">internal</span> ocean dynamics. However, toward the end of the 21st century, the SLR benefit can be as much as a 26±1% reduction of the global mean SLR due to seawater thermal expansion. Regionally, the benefits from this mitigation for both near and long terms are heterogeneous. They vary from just a 11±5% SLR reduction in Melbourne, Australia to a 35±6% reduction in London. The processes contributing to these regional differences are the coupling of the wind-driven ocean circulation with the decadal scale sea surface temperature mode in the Pacific and Southern Oceans, and the changes of the thermohaline circulation and the mid-latitude air-sea coupling in the Atlantic.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AAS...197.1020R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AAS...197.1020R"><span>Spectral <span class="hlt">Variability</span> of the UXOR Star RR Tau Over 2.5 Magnitudes in V</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rodgers, B.; Wooden, D. H.; Grinin, V. P.; Shakhovskoy, D.</p> <p>2000-12-01</p> <p> Program (GSRP) grant, for which D.H. Wooden is Rodgers' advisor. We gratefully acknowledge the use of the database of the Amateur Astronomers <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Organization (<span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994JAVSO..23...80H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994JAVSO..23...80H"><span>The great red flashlight</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Halbach, Edward A.</p> <p></p> <p>After fifty years of fighting with flashlights which persisted in rolling to the ground, being mislaid, or stashed in a pocket, the author designed a unit which was always on hand and needed no search for the switch. A normally closed switch, <span class="hlt">internal</span> to the bottom of the flashlight case, is opened by the weight of the unit suspended on a cord about the neck. Lifting the unit with two fingers turns on the red light, while releasing the unit automatically turns it off. A felt covering around the flashlight provides comfort on cold nights. Because this red light would be a welcome tool for other <span class="hlt">variable</span> star observers, more units were assembled and brought to the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> meeting in Houston for distribution to observers who agreed to give each unit a workout and report on its performance. The author is waiting to hear from these observers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRC..123..688G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRC..123..688G"><span>Kilometric Scale Modeling of the North West European Shelf Seas: Exploring the Spatial and Temporal <span class="hlt">Variability</span> of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Tides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guihou, K.; Polton, J.; Harle, J.; Wakelin, S.; O'Dea, E.; Holt, J.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The North West European Shelf break acts as a barrier to the transport and exchange between the open ocean and the shelf seas. The strong spatial <span class="hlt">variability</span> of these exchange processes is hard to fully explore using observations, and simulations generally are too coarse to simulate the fine-scale processes over the whole region. In this context, under the FASTNEt program, a new NEMO configuration of the North West European Shelf and Atlantic Margin at 1/60° (˜1.8 km) has been developed, with the objective to better understand and quantify the seasonal and interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> of shelf break processes. The capability of this configuration to reproduce the seasonal cycle in SST, the barotropic tide, and fine-resolution temperature profiles is assessed against a basin-scale (1/12°, ˜9 km) configuration and a standard regional configuration (7 km resolution). The seasonal cycle is well reproduced in all configurations though the fine-resolution allows the simulation of smaller scale processes. Time series of temperature at various locations on the shelf show the presence of <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves with a strong spatiotemporal <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Spectral analysis of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves reveals peaks at the diurnal, semidiurnal, inertial, and quarter-diurnal bands, which are only realistically reproduced in the new configuration. Tidally induced pycnocline <span class="hlt">variability</span> is diagnosed in the model and shown to vary with the spring neap cycle with mean displacement amplitudes in excess of 2 m for 30% of the stratified domain. With sufficiently fine resolution, <span class="hlt">internal</span> tides are shown to be generated at numerous bathymetric features resulting in a complex pycnocline displacement superposition pattern.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JAVSO..41..152L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JAVSO..41..152L"><span>Elizabeth Brown and Citizen Science in the Late 1800s (poster)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Larsen, K.</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>(Abstract only) While "Citizen Science" projects are sometimes thought of as a recent permutation of the professional-amateur relationship in science, the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> is an example of an organization that has been encouraging such participation for over a century. Although the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>'s Solar Observing Program dates back only to 1944, <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> members had been submitting sunspot counts to other agencies long before this time. Other countries also have a long history of collecting valuable sunspot observations. For example, prior to the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>'s founding in 1911, British amateurs had been collecting solar data in organizations such as the British Astronomical Association (BAA) and Liverpool Astronomical Society (LAS) since the 1880s. British amateur astronomer Elizabeth Brown served as Solar Section Director of both the BAA and the LAS, and played an important role in promoting participation in citizen science projects, not only in solar observing, but in other astronomical and meteorological projects as well. This poster will summarize this work and argue that Brown's contributions should be more widely known and studied in modern citizen science project circles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1211076-electrochemical-state-internal-variables-estimation-using-reduced-order-physics-based-model-lithium-ion-cell-extended-kalman-filter','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1211076-electrochemical-state-internal-variables-estimation-using-reduced-order-physics-based-model-lithium-ion-cell-extended-kalman-filter"><span>Electrochemical state and <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span> estimation using a reduced-order physics-based model of a lithium-ion cell and an extended Kalman filter</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Stetzel, KD; Aldrich, LL; Trimboli, MS</p> <p>2015-03-15</p> <p>This paper addresses the problem of estimating the present value of electrochemical <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span> in a lithium-ion cell in real time, using readily available measurements of cell voltage, current, and temperature. The <span class="hlt">variables</span> that can be estimated include any desired set of reaction flux and solid and electrolyte potentials and concentrations at any set of one-dimensional spatial locations, in addition to more standard quantities such as state of charge. The method uses an extended Kalman filter along with a one-dimensional physics-based reduced-order model of cell dynamics. Simulations show excellent and robust predictions having dependable error bounds for most <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span>.more » (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1260532-evaluating-effect-internal-aperture-variability-transport-kilometer-scale-discrete-fracture-networks','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1260532-evaluating-effect-internal-aperture-variability-transport-kilometer-scale-discrete-fracture-networks"><span>Evaluating the effect of <span class="hlt">internal</span> aperture <span class="hlt">variability</span> on transport in kilometer scale discrete fracture networks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Makedonska, Nataliia; Hyman, Jeffrey D.; Karra, Satish; ...</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>The apertures of natural fractures in fractured rock are highly heterogeneous. However, in-fracture aperture <span class="hlt">variability</span> is often neglected in flow and transport modeling and individual fractures are assumed to have uniform aperture distribution. The relative importance of in-fracture <span class="hlt">variability</span> in flow and transport modeling within kilometer-scale fracture networks has been under debate for a long time, since the flow in each single fracture is controlled not only by in-fracture <span class="hlt">variability</span> but also by boundary conditions. Computational limitations have previously prohibited researchers from investigating the relative importance of in-fracture <span class="hlt">variability</span> in flow and transport modeling within large-scale fracture networks. We addressmore » this question by incorporating <span class="hlt">internal</span> heterogeneity of individual fractures into flow simulations within kilometer scale three-dimensional fracture networks, where fracture intensity, P 32 (ratio between total fracture area and domain volume) is between 0.027 and 0.031 [1/m]. The recently developed discrete fracture network (DFN) simulation capability, dfnWorks, is used to generate kilometer scale DFNs that include in-fracture aperture <span class="hlt">variability</span> represented by a stationary log-normal stochastic field with various correlation lengths and variances. The Lagrangian transport parameters, non-reacting travel time, , and cumulative retention, , are calculated along particles streamlines. As a result, it is observed that due to local flow channeling early particle travel times are more sensitive to in-fracture aperture <span class="hlt">variability</span> than the tails of travel time distributions, where no significant effect of the in-fracture aperture variations and spatial correlation length is observed.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1260532','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1260532"><span>Evaluating the effect of <span class="hlt">internal</span> aperture <span class="hlt">variability</span> on transport in kilometer scale discrete fracture networks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Makedonska, Nataliia; Hyman, Jeffrey D.; Karra, Satish</p> <p></p> <p>The apertures of natural fractures in fractured rock are highly heterogeneous. However, in-fracture aperture <span class="hlt">variability</span> is often neglected in flow and transport modeling and individual fractures are assumed to have uniform aperture distribution. The relative importance of in-fracture <span class="hlt">variability</span> in flow and transport modeling within kilometer-scale fracture networks has been under debate for a long time, since the flow in each single fracture is controlled not only by in-fracture <span class="hlt">variability</span> but also by boundary conditions. Computational limitations have previously prohibited researchers from investigating the relative importance of in-fracture <span class="hlt">variability</span> in flow and transport modeling within large-scale fracture networks. We addressmore » this question by incorporating <span class="hlt">internal</span> heterogeneity of individual fractures into flow simulations within kilometer scale three-dimensional fracture networks, where fracture intensity, P 32 (ratio between total fracture area and domain volume) is between 0.027 and 0.031 [1/m]. The recently developed discrete fracture network (DFN) simulation capability, dfnWorks, is used to generate kilometer scale DFNs that include in-fracture aperture <span class="hlt">variability</span> represented by a stationary log-normal stochastic field with various correlation lengths and variances. The Lagrangian transport parameters, non-reacting travel time, , and cumulative retention, , are calculated along particles streamlines. As a result, it is observed that due to local flow channeling early particle travel times are more sensitive to in-fracture aperture <span class="hlt">variability</span> than the tails of travel time distributions, where no significant effect of the in-fracture aperture variations and spatial correlation length is observed.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653490','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653490"><span>Topography of Cells Revealed by <span class="hlt">Variable</span>-Angle Total <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cardoso Dos Santos, Marcelina; Déturche, Régis; Vézy, Cyrille; Jaffiol, Rodolphe</p> <p>2016-09-20</p> <p>We propose an improved version of <span class="hlt">variable</span>-angle total <span class="hlt">internal</span> reflection fluorescence microscopy (vaTIRFM) adapted to modern TIRF setup. This technique involves the recording of a stack of TIRF images, by gradually increasing the incident angle of the light beam on the sample. A comprehensive theory was developed to extract the membrane/substrate separation distance from fluorescently labeled cell membranes. A straightforward image processing was then established to compute the topography of cells with a nanometric axial resolution, typically 10-20 nm. To highlight the new opportunities offered by vaTIRFM to quantify adhesion process of motile cells, adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells on glass substrate coated with fibronectin was examined. Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994STIN...9525101C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994STIN...9525101C"><span>Investigation of a rotary valving system with <span class="hlt">variable</span> valve timing for <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cross, Paul C.; Hansen, Craig N.</p> <p>1994-11-01</p> <p>The objective of the program was to provide a functional demonstration of the Hansen Rotary Valving System with <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Valve Timing (HRVS/VVT), capable of throttleless inlet charge control, as an alternative to conventional poppet-valves for use in spark ignited <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engines. The goal of this new technology is to secure benefits in fuel economy, broadened torque band, vibration reduction, and overhaul accessibility. Additionally, use of the <span class="hlt">variable</span> valve timing capability to vary the effective compression ratio is expected to improve multifuel tolerance and efficiency. Efforts directed at the design of HRVS components proved to be far more extensive than had been anticipated, ultimately requiring that proof-trial design/development work be performed. Although both time and funds were exhausted before optical or ion-probe types of in-cylinder investigation could be undertaken, a great deal of laboratory data was acquired during the course of the design/development work. This laboratory data is the basis for the information presented in this final report.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=229957','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=229957"><span>The test of <span class="hlt">variables</span> of attention (TOVA): <span class="hlt">Internal</span> consistency (Q1 vs. Q2 and Q3 vs. Q4) in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The <span class="hlt">internal</span> consistency of the Test of <span class="hlt">Variables</span> of Attention (TOVA) was examined in a cohort of 6- to 12-year-old children (N = 63) strictly diagnosed with ADHD. The <span class="hlt">internal</span> consistency of errors of omission (OMM), errors of commission (COM), response time (RT), and response time <span class="hlt">variability</span> (RTV...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.C11C0514W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.C11C0514W"><span><span class="hlt">Variability</span> and Change in the Canadian Cryosphere: A Canadian Science Contribution to <span class="hlt">International</span> Polar Year</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Walker, A. E.; Derksen, C.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>The cryosphere (snow, permafrost and seasonally frozen ground, ice caps and glaciers, sea-, river-, and lake ice) represents a significant feature of the Canadian landscape that impacts climate, hydrology, the economy and the daily lives of all Canadians, especially those living in northern communities. Over the past few decades significant changes have been observed in cryospheric elements (e.g. decreases in snow cover, glacier extent, sea ice cover) that have been attributed to a warming climate. This poster presentation will highlight initial scientific results from the approved Canadian <span class="hlt">International</span> Polar Year project "<span class="hlt">Variability</span> and Change in the Canadian Cryosphere" that is being led by Environment Canada and involves 33 co- investigators from government, academia and the private sector and links with <span class="hlt">international</span> collaborators. This project builds on Canadian strengths in remote sensing, climate analysis and modeling with the overall objective to observe and understand the current state of the cryosphere in Canada and determine how fast it is changing and why. Research activities are focused on: (1) developing new satellite-based capabilities to provide information on the current state of the Canadian cryosphere during the IPY period; (2) placing current cryospheric conditions in the context of the historical record to document the magnitude of changes over the 50 years since the last <span class="hlt">International</span> Polar Year (IGY 1957-1958); (3) characterizing and explaining the observed <span class="hlt">variability</span> and changes in the context of the coupled climate cryosphere system; and (4) improving the representation of the cryosphere in Canadian land surface and climate models to provide current and future climate simulations of the cryosphere for climate impact studies. The project also includes several outreach activities to engage northern communities in cryospheric monitoring and incorporate traditional knowledge with remotely-sensed information to generate new maps on local</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=international+AND+relations+AND+quarterly&pg=6&id=EJ353207','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=international+AND+relations+AND+quarterly&pg=6&id=EJ353207"><span>An Analysis of Basic Construction <span class="hlt">Variables</span> of Racing Wheelchairs Used in the 1984 <span class="hlt">International</span> Games for the Disabled.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>York, Sherril L.; Kimura, Iris F.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>A photographic analysis of racing wheelchairs used by cerebral palsy class four athletes and amputee athletes at the 1984 <span class="hlt">International</span> Games for the Disabled was undertaken in order to analyze seven wheelchair construction <span class="hlt">variables</span> in relation to performance outcome, distance raced, and type of disability of the user. (Author/MT)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011DyAtO..52..224B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011DyAtO..52..224B"><span>Winter <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the western Gulf of Maine: Part 1: <span class="hlt">Internal</span> tides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brown, W. S.</p> <p>2011-09-01</p> <p>During the winter 1997-1998, a field program was conducted in Wilkinson Basin-western Gulf of Maine-as part of a study of winter convective mixing. The field program consisted of (1) Wilkinson basin-scale hydrographic surveys, (2) a tight three-mooring array with ˜100 m separations measured temperature and conductivity at rates of 2-15 min and (3) a single pair of upward/downward-looking pair acoustic Doppler current profiling (ADCP) instruments measured currents with 8 m vertical resolution over the 270 m water column in north-central Wilkinson basin at a rate of 10 min. The moored array measurements below the mixed layer (˜100 m depth) between 11 January and 6 February 1998 were dominated by a combination of the relatively strong semidiurnal external (depth-independent or barotropic) tide; upon which were superposed a weaker phase-locked semidiurnal <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide and a very weak water column mean currents of about 1 cm/s southward or approximately across the local isobaths. The harmonic analysis of a vertical average of the relatively uniform ADCP velocities in the well-mixed upper 123 m of the water column, defined the external tidal currents which were dominated by a nearly rectilinear, across-isobath (326°T) M 2 semidiurnal tidal current of about 15 cm/s. The depth-dependent residual current field, which was created by subtracting the external tidal current, consisted of (1) clockwise-rotating semidiurnal <span class="hlt">internal</span> tidal currents of about 5 cm/s below the mixed layer; (2) clockwise-rotating inertial currents; and (3) a considerably less energetic subtidal current <span class="hlt">variability</span>. The results from both frequency-domain empirical orthogonal function and tidal harmonic analyses of the of isotherm displacement series at each of the three moorings in the 100 m array mutually confirm an approximate east-northeastward phase propagation of the dominant M 2 semidiurnal <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide across Wilkinson Basin. Further investigation supports the idea that this winter <span class="hlt">internal</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS31A1372M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMOS31A1372M"><span>Seasonal <span class="hlt">variability</span> of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> tide energetics in the western Bay of Bengal</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mohanty, S.; Rao, A. D.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Waves (IWs) are generated by the flow of barotropic tide over the rapidly varying and steep topographic features like continental shelf slope, seamounts, etc. These waves are an important phenomena in the ocean due to their influence on the density structure and energy transfer into the region. Such waves are also important in submarine acoustics, underwater navigation, offshore structures, ocean mixing and biogeochemical processes, etc. over the shelf-slope region. The seasonal <span class="hlt">variability</span> of <span class="hlt">internal</span> tides in the western Bay of Bengal is examined by using three-dimensional MITgcm model. The numerical simulations are performed for different periods covering August-September, 2013; November-December, 2013 and March-April, 2014 representing monsoon, post-monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons respectively during which high temporal resolution observed data sets are available. The model is initially validated through the spectral estimate of density and the baroclinic velocities. From the estimate, it is found that its peak is associated with the semi-diurnal frequency at all the depths in both observations and model simulations for November-December and March-April. However in August, the estimate is found to be maximum near the inertial frequency at all available depths. EOF analysis suggests that about 70-80% of the total variance comes from Mode-1 semi-diurnal <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide in both observations as well as in the model simulations. The phase speed, group speed and wavelength are found to be maximum for post-monsoon season compared to other two seasons. To understand the generation and propagation of <span class="hlt">internal</span> tides over this region, barotropic-to-baroclinic M2 tidal energy conversion and energy flux are examined. The barotropic-to-baroclinic conversion occurs intensively along the shelf-slope regions and propagate towards the coast. The model simulated energy dissipation rate infers that its maximum occurs at the generation sites and hence the local mixing</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140001064','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140001064"><span>The Influence of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Model <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in GEOS-5 on Interhemispheric CO2 Exchange</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Allen, Melissa; Erickson, David; Kendall, Wesley; Fu, Joshua; Ott, Leslie; Pawson, Steven</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>An ensemble of eight atmospheric CO2 simulations was completed employing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Earth Observation System, Version 5 (GEOS-5) for the years 2000-2001, each with initial meteorological conditions corresponding to different days in January 2000 to examine <span class="hlt">internal</span> model <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Globally, the model runs show similar concentrations of CO2 for the two years, but in regions of high CO2 concentrations due to fossil fuel emissions, large differences among different model simulations appear. The phasing and amplitude of the CO2 cycle at Northern Hemisphere locations in all of the ensemble members is similar to that of surface observations. In several southern hemisphere locations, however, some of the GEOS-5 model CO2 cycles are out of phase by as much as four months, and large variations occur between the ensemble members. This result indicates that there is large sensitivity to transport in these regions. The differences vary by latitude-the most extreme differences in the Tropics and the least at the South Pole. Examples of these differences among the ensemble members with regard to CO2 uptake and respiration of the terrestrial biosphere and CO2 emissions due to fossil fuel emissions are shown at Cape Grim, Tasmania. Integration-based flow analysis of the atmospheric circulation in the model runs shows widely varying paths of flow into the Tasmania region among the models including sources from North America, South America, South Africa, South Asia and Indonesia. These results suggest that interhemispheric transport can be strongly influenced by <span class="hlt">internal</span> model <span class="hlt">variability</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A51L..03T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A51L..03T"><span>Forced and <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Multi-Decadal <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in the North Atlantic and their Climate Impacts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ting, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Atlantic Multidecadal <span class="hlt">Variability</span> (AMV), a basin-wide North Atlantic sea surface temperature warming or cooling pattern varying on decadal and longer time scales, is one of the most important climate variations in the Atlantic basin. The AMV has shown to be associated with significant climate impacts regionally and globally, from Atlantic hurricane activities, frequency and severity of droughts across North America, as well as rainfall anomalies across the African Sahel and northeast Brazil. Despite the important impacts of the AMV, its mechanisms are not completely understood. In particular, it is not clear how much of the historical Atlantic SST fluctuations were forced by anthropogenic sources such as greenhouse warming and aerosol cooling, versus driven <span class="hlt">internally</span> by changes in the coupled ocean-atmosphere processes in the Atlantic. Using climate models such as the NCAR large ensemble simulations, we were able to successfully separate the forced and <span class="hlt">internally</span> generated North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies through a signal-to-noise maximizing Empirical Orthogonal Function (S/N EOF) analysis method. Two forced modes were identified with one representing a hemispherical symmetric mode and one asymmetric mode. The symmetric mode largely represents the greenhouse forced component while the asymmetric mode resembles the anthropogenic aerosol forcing. When statistically removing both of the forced modes, the residual multidecadal Atlantic SST <span class="hlt">variability</span> shows a very similar structure as the AMV in the preindustrial simulation. The distinct climate impacts of each of these modes are also identified and the implications and challenges for decadal climate prediction will be discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAVSO..45..130R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAVSO..45..130R"><span>Variations in the Orbital Light Curve of the Magnetic Cataclysmic <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star QQ Vulpecula (Abstract)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rose, S. C.</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>(Abstract only) Magnetic cataclysmic <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars have brightness variations that repeat with each revolution of the two stars about the center of mass of the system. However, in the case of QQ Vulpecula, this brightness variation pattern changes in the long term. This study makes use of two decades worth of data from the Roboscope Telescope as well as data from the American Association of <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Observers (<span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>) database to examine the long-term evolution of QQ Vul's phase curves. Nightly observations using the Maria Mitchell Association Vestal and Loines Observatory supplemented this analysis by clarifying short-term brightness variation. The long-term data was divided into four commonly observed behavioral types ranging from a double peaked curve of 15.5 magnitude to a 15.0 magnitude curve that had a primary minimum and a slow, linear rise in brightness in place of the secondary minimum. The nightly data kept within the confines of these categories, though the secondary minimum in the nightly data never vanished. No periodicity was found in the long-term variations. The model often invoked to explain the double peaked curve consists of single pole accretion in which a partial self-eclipse causes the secondary minimum and cyclotron beaming causes the primary minimum. However, the long-term variation may indicate a changing accretion rate, which may manifest itself in changes to the shape, size, or location of the accretion spot on the white dwarf such that it lessens or removes the secondary minimum. This project was supported by the NSF REU grant AST-1358980, the Massachusetts Space Grant, and the Nantucket Maria Mitchell Association.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1265479-invited-review-review-deterministic-effects-cyclic-variability-internal-combustion-engines','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1265479-invited-review-review-deterministic-effects-cyclic-variability-internal-combustion-engines"><span>Invited Review: A review of deterministic effects in cyclic <span class="hlt">variability</span> of <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Finney, Charles E.; Kaul, Brian C.; Daw, C. Stuart; ...</p> <p>2015-02-18</p> <p>Here we review developments in the understanding of cycle to cycle <span class="hlt">variability</span> in <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engines, with a focus on spark-ignited and premixed combustion conditions. Much of the research on cyclic <span class="hlt">variability</span> has focused on stochastic aspects, that is, features that can be modeled as inherently random with no short term predictability. In some cases, models of this type appear to work very well at describing experimental observations, but the lack of predictability limits control options. Also, even when the statistical properties of the stochastic variations are known, it can be very difficult to discern their underlying physical causes andmore » thus mitigate them. Some recent studies have demonstrated that under some conditions, cyclic combustion variations can have a relatively high degree of low dimensional deterministic structure, which implies some degree of predictability and potential for real time control. These deterministic effects are typically more pronounced near critical stability limits (e.g. near tipping points associated with ignition or flame propagation) such during highly dilute fueling or near the onset of homogeneous charge compression ignition. We review recent progress in experimental and analytical characterization of cyclic <span class="hlt">variability</span> where low dimensional, deterministic effects have been observed. We describe some theories about the sources of these dynamical features and discuss prospects for interactive control and improved engine designs. In conclusion, taken as a whole, the research summarized here implies that the deterministic component of cyclic <span class="hlt">variability</span> will become a pivotal issue (and potential opportunity) as engine manufacturers strive to meet aggressive emissions and fuel economy regulations in the coming decades.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012yCat..35480097Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012yCat..35480097Z"><span>VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars in open clusters (Zejda+, 2012)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zejda, M.; Paunzen, E.; Baumann, B.; Mikulasek, Z.; Liska, J.</p> <p>2012-08-01</p> <p>The catalogue of <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars in open clusters were prepared by cross-matching of <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Stars Index (http://www.<span class="hlt">aavso</span>.org/vsx) version Apr 29, 2012 (available online, Cat. B/vsx) against the version 3.1. catalogue of open clusters DAML02 (Dias et al. 2002A&A...389..871D, Cat. B/ocl) available on the website http://www.astro.iag.usp.br/~wilton. The open clusters were divided into two categories according to their size, where the limiting diameter was 60 arcmin. The list of all suspected <span class="hlt">variables</span> and <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars located within the fields of open clusters up to two times of given cluster radius were generated (Table 1). 8938 and 9127 <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars are given in 461 "smaller" and 74 "larger" clusters, respectively. All found <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars were matched against the PPMXL catalog of positions and proper motions within the ICRS (Roeser et al., 2010AJ....139.2440R, Cat. I/317). Proper motion data were included in our catalogue. Unfortunately, a homogeneous data set of mean cluster proper motions has not been available until now. Therefore we used the following sources (sorted alphabetically) to compile a new catalogue: Baumgardt et al. (2000, Cat. J/A+AS/146/251): based on the Hipparcos catalogue Beshenov & Loktin (2004A&AT...23..103B): based on the Tycho-2 catalogue Dias et al. (2001, Cat. J/A+A/376/441, 2002A&A...389..871D, Cat. B/ocl): based on the Tycho-2 catalogue Dias et al. (2006, Cat. J/A+A/446/949): based on the UCAC2 catalog (Zacharias et al., 2004AJ....127.3043Z, Cat. I/289) Frinchaboy & Majewski (2008, Cat. J/AJ/136/118): based on the Tycho-2 catalogue Kharchenko et al. (2005, J/A+A/438/1163): based on the ASCC2.5 catalogue (Kharchenko, 2001KFNT...17..409K, Cat. I/280) Krone-Martins et al. (2010, Cat. J/A+A/516/A3): based on the Bordeaux PM2000 proper motion catalogue (Ducourant et al., 2006A&A...448.1235D, Cat. I/300) Robichon et al. (1999, Cat. J/A+A/345/471): based on the Hipparcos catalogue van Leeuwen (2009A&A...497..209V): based on the new</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH43B2814O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSH43B2814O"><span>Lagged correlations between the NAO and the 11-year solar cycle: forced response or <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oehrlein, J.; Chiodo, G.; Polvani, L. M.; Smith, A. K.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Recently, the North Atlantic Oscillation has been suggested to respond to the 11-year solar cycle with a lag of a few years. The solar/NAO relationship provides a potential pathway for solar activity to modulate surface climate. However, a short observational record paired with the strong <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the NAO raises questions about the robustness of the claimed solar/NAO relationship. For the first time, we investigate the robustness of the solar/NAO signal in four different reanalysis data sets and long integrations from an ocean-coupled chemistry-climate model forced with the 11-year solar cycle. The signal appears to be robust in the different reanalysis datasets. We also show, for the first time, that many features of the observed signal, such as amplitude, spatial pattern, and lag of 2/3 years, can be accurately reproduced in our model simulations. However, in both the reanalysis and model simulations, we find that this signal is non-stationary. A lagged NAO/solar signal can also be reproduced in two sets of model integrations without the 11-year solar cycle. This suggests that the correlation found in observational data could be the result of <span class="hlt">internal</span> decadal <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the NAO and not a response to the solar cycle. This has wide implications towards the interpretation of solar signals in observational data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016BAVSR..65b..32B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016BAVSR..65b..32B"><span>Goldilocks <span class="hlt">Variable</span> - ein Mira-Stern im Hantelnebel M 27</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Breitenstein, Paul; Beer, Fabian; Broering, Lukas; Wortmann, Marco</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>We recorded very densely nearly 2,5 periods of brightness of the Mira star NSV 24959, called "Goldilocks", in the star field of the Dumbbell Nebula M27 with the 1,2m MONET-North-Telescope (briefly: MONET-North) and the 14' Bradford Robotic Telescope (briefly: BRT). Also we tested all archive images of M27, which were made between 2007 until now with the BRT, for evaluable changes of light of NSV 24959 and analyzed them. Furthermore we got curves of brightness of NSV 24959 of the years 1997 to 2000 from Arne Henden, former director of <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> [1]. By reason of the longe time basis of the observation from 1997 till 2015 the middle periodic time could be fixed at 214 days by a maximal error of one day. Thereby the changes of lightness seems to be relativ constant in this 18 years. Only in two periods we saw an extraordinary strong increase of lightness.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4279881','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4279881"><span><span class="hlt">Variability</span> in the Branching Pattern of the <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Iliac Artery in Indian Population and Its Clinical Importance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sivanandan, Anandarani; Sendiladibban, Sakthivelavan; Felicia Jebakani, Christilda</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Internal</span> iliac artery (IIA) is one of the terminal branches of the common iliac artery and is the prime artery of pelvis. The artery has many parietal and visceral branches and hence the variations are frequently noted. The larger branches, namely, the inferior gluteal artery, the superior gluteal artery, and the <span class="hlt">internal</span> pudendal artery, show sufficient regularity in their patterns of origin to allow typing. The <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the IIA and its branching pattern were studied by dissecting sixty-eight male pelvic halves (34 right and 34 left) and forty-eight female pelvic halves (24 right and 24 left sides). In significant number of specimens, IIA terminated without dividing into 2 trunks as against the usual description. There was also considerable interchange of branches between the 2 terminal divisions. The patterns of branching noted were grouped as per Adachi's classification. The incidence was noted to be as follows: type Ia in 60.6%, type Ib in 2.6%, type IIa in 15.8%, and type III in 21%. The other types were not observed in this study. Conclusion. Interventions in the pelvic region must take into account the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the IIA and its branches that can modify the expected relations and may lead to undesired hemorrhagic or embolic accidents. PMID:25580296</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900030909&hterms=displacement+internal&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Ddisplacement%2Binternal','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900030909&hterms=displacement+internal&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Ddisplacement%2Binternal"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> state <span class="hlt">variable</span> approach for predicting stiffness reductions in fibrous laminated composites with matrix cracks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lee, Jong-Won; Allen, D. H.; Harris, C. E.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>A mathematical model utilizing the <span class="hlt">internal</span> state <span class="hlt">variable</span> concept is proposed for predicting the upper bound of the reduced axial stiffnesses in cross-ply laminates with matrix cracks. The axial crack opening displacement is explicitly expressed in terms of the observable axial strain and the undamaged material properties. A crack parameter representing the effect of matrix cracks on the observable axial Young's modulus is calculated for glass/epoxy and graphite/epoxy material systems. The results show that the matrix crack opening displacement and the effective Young's modulus depend not on the crack length, but on its ratio to the crack spacing.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919141S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919141S"><span>Wave resource <span class="hlt">variability</span>: Impacts on wave power supply over regional to <span class="hlt">international</span> scales</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Smith, Helen; Fairley, Iain; Robertson, Bryson; Abusara, Mohammad; Masters, Ian</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The intermittent, irregular and <span class="hlt">variable</span> nature of the wave energy resource has implications for the supply of wave-generated electricity into the grid. Intermittency of renewable power may lead to frequency and voltage fluctuations in the transmission and distribution networks. A matching supply of electricity must be planned to meet the predicted demand, leading to a need for gas-fired and back-up generating plants to supplement intermittent supplies, and potentially limiting the integration of intermittent power into the grid. Issues relating to resource intermittency and their mitigation through the development of spatially separated sites have been widely researched in the wind industry, but have received little attention to date in the less mature wave industry. This study analyses the wave resource over three different spatial scales to investigate the potential impacts of the temporal and spatial resource <span class="hlt">variability</span> on the grid supply. The primary focus is the Southwest UK, a region already home to multiple existing and proposed wave energy test sites. Concurrent wave buoy data from six locations, supported by SWAN wave model hindcast data, are analysed to assess the correlation of the resource across the region and the variation in wave power with direction. Power matrices for theoretical nearshore and offshore devices are used to calculate the maximum step change in generated power across the region as the number of deployment sites is increased. The step change analysis is also applied across national and <span class="hlt">international</span> spatial scales using output from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) ERA-Interim hindcast model. It is found that the deployment of multiple wave energy sites, whether on a regional, national or <span class="hlt">international</span> scale, results in both a reduction in step changes in power and reduced times of zero generation, leading to an overall smoothing of the wave-generated electrical power. This has implications for the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4612523','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4612523"><span>The Association between Tax Structure and Cigarette Price <span class="hlt">Variability</span>: Findings from the <span class="hlt">International</span> Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shang, Ce; Chaloupka, Frank J.; Fong, Geoffrey T; Thompson, Mary; O’Connor, Richard J</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Background Recent studies have shown that more opportunities exist for tax avoidance when cigarette excise tax structure departs from a uniform specific structure. However, the association between tax structure and cigarette price <span class="hlt">variability</span> has not been thoroughly studied in the existing literature. Objective To examine how cigarette tax structure is associated with price <span class="hlt">variability</span>. The <span class="hlt">variability</span> of self-reported prices is measured using the ratios of differences between higher and lower prices to the median price such as the IQR-to-median ratio. Methods We used survey data taken from the <span class="hlt">International</span> Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Project in 17 countries to conduct the analysis. Cigarette prices were derived using individual purchase information and aggregated to price <span class="hlt">variability</span> measures for each surveyed country and wave. The effect of tax structures on price <span class="hlt">variability</span> was estimated using Generalised Estimating Equations after adjusting for year and country attributes. Findings Our study provides empirical evidence of a relationship between tax structure and cigarette price <span class="hlt">variability</span>. We find that, compared to the specific uniform tax structure, mixed uniform and tiered (specific, ad valorem or mixed) structures are associated with greater price <span class="hlt">variability</span> (p≤0.01). Moreover, while a greater share of the specific component in total excise taxes is associated with lower price <span class="hlt">variability</span> (p≤0.05), a tiered tax structure is associated with greater price <span class="hlt">variability</span> (p≤0.01). The results suggest that a uniform and specific tax structure is the most effective tax structure for reducing tobacco consumption and prevalence by limiting price <span class="hlt">variability</span> and decreasing opportunities for tax avoidance. PMID:25855641</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAVSO..43..258Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAVSO..43..258Y"><span>Stellar Presentations (Abstract)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Young, D.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>(Abstract only) The <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> is in the process of expanding its education, outreach and speakers bureau program. powerpoint presentations prepared for specific target audiences such as <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> members, educators, students, the general public, and Science Olympiad teams, coaches, event supervisors, and state directors will be available online for members to use. The presentations range from specific and general content relating to stellar evolution and <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars to specific activities for a workshop environment. A presentation—even with a general topic—that works for high school students will not work for educators, Science Olympiad teams, or the general public. Each audience is unique and requires a different approach. The current environment necessitates presentations that are captivating for a younger generation that is embedded in a highly visual and sound-bite world of social media, twitter and U-Tube, and mobile devices. For educators, presentations and workshops for themselves and their students must support the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), the Common Core Content Standards, and the Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) initiative. Current best practices for developing relevant and engaging powerpoint presentations to deliver information to a variety of targeted audiences will be presented along with several examples.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AAN...459....1W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AAN...459....1W"><span>Monitoring of RU Peg requested for Swift observations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Waagen, Elizabeth O.</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>Dr. Koji Mukai (Universities Space Research Association/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) has requested <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> observers' assistance in monitoring the SS Cyg-type dwarf nova RU Peg in support of target-of-opportunity observations with the NASA Swift satellite during an outburst. His observations will be targeted during the rise to outburst and during late decline from outburst. Thus, your prompt notification to <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> Headquarters of activity in RU Peg will be crucial to the success of this campaign. Dr. Mukai writes: "In the famous <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>/EUVE/RXTE campaign on SS Cyg (Mattei et al. 2000JAVSO..28..160M), the hard X-ray flux went up (with a delay) during the rise, then suddenly dropped; there was a corresponding flux enhancement episode during the decline. We know that, during the peak of the outburst, many dwarf novae are hard X-ray fainter than in quiescence (with a few exceptions, like U Gem). However, the hard X-ray enhancement episodes seen in SS Cyg have never been obs! erved in other dwarf novae. We have proposed a hypothesis that this is related to the mass of the accreting white dwarf; only dwarf novae with a relatively massive white dwarf show the hard X-ray enhancement. If that's true, we may well see similar enhancement in RU Peg, which is thought to have a massive white dwarf. Even if this hypothesis is completely wrong, RU Peg is a good target for an SS Cyg-like campaign, since it's X-ray bright during quiescence." Visual and CCD observations (filtered preferred to unfiltered) are appropriate for this campaign. Observers are requested to monitor RU Peg duning minimum, throughout the next outburst, and after return to minimym, and report their observations in a timely manner. If RU Peg appears to be brightening from minimum, please report your observations immediately to the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>. If it is brighter than magnitude 12.3, please also send an email report to Elizabeth Waagen (eowaagen@<span class="hlt">aavso</span>.org) and Matthew Templeton (matthewt@<span class="hlt">aavso</span>.org). Please be aware that</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Academic+AND+success+AND+international+AND+student%3a+AND+Research+AND+recommendations&pg=4&id=EJ681633','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Academic+AND+success+AND+international+AND+student%3a+AND+Research+AND+recommendations&pg=4&id=EJ681633"><span>Attitudinal and Motivational <span class="hlt">Variables</span> Related to Mathematics Achievement in Jordan: Findings from the Third <span class="hlt">International</span> Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hammouri, Hind</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of student-related <span class="hlt">variables</span> on achievement in mathematics. The sample consisted of 3736 13-year-old Jordanian 8th-graders who participated in the Third <span class="hlt">International</span> Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). The participants completed a student questionnaire and participated in the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAVSO..45..225C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAVSO..45..225C"><span>Exoplanet Observing: from Art to Science (Abstract)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Conti, D. M.; Gleeson, J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>(Abstract only) This paper will review the now well-established best practices for conducting high precision exoplanet observing with small telescopes. The paper will also review the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>'s activities in promoting these best practices among the amateur astronomer community through training material and online courses, as well as through the establishment of an <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> Exoplanet Database. This latter development will be an essential element in supporting followup exoplanet observations for upcoming space telescope missions such as TESS and JWST.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SASS...36...23C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SASS...36...23C"><span>Exoplanet Observing: From Art to Science</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Conti, Dennis M.; Gleeson, Jack</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>This paper will review the now well-established best practices for conducting high precision exoplanet observing with small telescopes. The paper will also review the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>'s activities in promoting these best practices among the amateur astronomer community through training material and online courses, as well as through the establishment of an <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> Exoplanet Database. This latter development will be an essential element in supporting followup exoplanet observations for upcoming space telescope missions such as TESS and JWST.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JAVSO..30...94H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JAVSO..30...94H"><span>The Discovery of the Optical Transient For GRB 010222</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Henden, Arne A.</p> <p>2001-04-01</p> <p>On February 22, 2001, a very bright gamma-ray burst was detected by the Italian BeppoSAX satellite. The localization was posted about 4 hours after the burst. Prompt notification by phone and by the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> Gamma-Ray Burst Network pager alert system resulted in the discovery of the optical afterglow within the first hour after the locatlization posting. This paper gives a brief history of the event and how the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> was essential to the discovery.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAVSO..43..244T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAVSO..43..244T"><span>As <span class="hlt">International</span> as They Would Let Us Be</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Trimble, V.</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>Astronomy has always crossed borders, continents, and oceans. <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> itself has roughly half its membership residing outside the USA. In this excessively long paper, I look briefly at ancient and medieval beginnings and more extensively at the 18th and 19th centuries, plunge into the tragedies associated with World War I, and then try to say something relatively cheerful about subsequent events. Most of the people mentioned here you will have heard of before (Eratosthenes, Copernicus, Kepler, Olbers, Lockyer, Eddington…) others, just as important, perhaps not (von Zach, Gould, Argelander, Freundlich…). Division into heroes and villains is neither necessary nor possible, though some of the stories are tragic. In the end, all one can really say about astronomers' efforts to keep open channels of communication that others wanted to choke off is, "the best we can do is the best we can do."</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990004376','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19990004376"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> Dynamics and Boundary Forcing Characteristics Associated with Interannual <span class="hlt">Variability</span> of the Asian Summer Monsoon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lau, K.- M.; Kim, K.-M.; Yang, S.</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>In this paper, we present a description of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> dynamics and boundary forcing characteristics of two major components of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), i.e., the South Asian (SAM) and the Southeast-East Asian monsoon (SEAM). The description is based on a new monsoon-climate paradigm in which the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of ASM is considered as the outcome of the interplay of a "fast" and an "intermediate" monsoon subsystem, under the influenced of the "slow" varying external forcings. Two sets of regional monsoon indices derived from dynamically consistent rainfall and wind data are used in this study. For SAM, the <span class="hlt">internal</span> dynamics is represented by that of a "classical" monsoon system where the anomalous circulation is governed by Rossby-wave dynamics, i.e., generation of anomalous vorticity induced by an off-equatorial heat source is balanced by planetary vorticity advection. On the other hand, the <span class="hlt">internal</span> dynamics of SEAM is characterized by a "hybrid" monsoon system featuring multi-cellular meridional circulation over the East Asian section, extending from the deep tropics to midlatitudes. These meridional-cells link tropical heating to extratropical circulation system via the East Asian jetstream, and are responsible for the characteristic occurrences of zonally oriented anomalous rainfall patterns over East Asian and the subtropical western Pacific. In the extratropical regions, the major upper level vorticity balance is by anomalous vorticity advection and generation by the anomalous divergent circulation. A consequence of this is that compared to SAM, the SEAM is associated with stronger teleconnection patterns to regions outside the ASM. A strong SAM is linked to basin-scale sea surface temperature (SST) fluctuation with significant signal in the equatorial eastern Pacific. During the boreal spring SST warming in the Arabian Sea and the subtropical western Pacific may lead to a strong SAM. For SEAM, interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> is tied to SSTA over the Sea of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5531433','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5531433"><span>The modulation of EEG <span class="hlt">variability</span> between <span class="hlt">internally</span>- and externally-driven cognitive states varies with maturation and task performance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Willatt, Stephanie E.; Cortese, Filomeno; Protzner, Andrea B.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Increasing evidence suggests that brain signal <span class="hlt">variability</span> is an important measure of brain function reflecting information processing capacity and functional integrity. In this study, we examined how maturation from childhood to adulthood affects the magnitude and spatial extent of state-to-state transitions in brain signal <span class="hlt">variability</span>, and how this relates to cognitive performance. We looked at <span class="hlt">variability</span> changes between resting-state and task (a symbol-matching task with three levels of difficulty), and within trial (fixation, post-stimulus, and post-response). We calculated <span class="hlt">variability</span> with multiscale entropy (MSE), and additionally examined spectral power density (SPD) from electroencephalography (EEG) in children aged 8–14, and in adults aged 18–33. Our results suggest that maturation is characterized by increased local information processing (higher MSE at fine temporal scales) and decreased long-range interactions with other neural populations (lower MSE at coarse temporal scales). Children show MSE changes that are similar in magnitude, but greater in spatial extent when transitioning between <span class="hlt">internally</span>- and externally-driven brain states. Additionally, we found that in children, greater changes in task difficulty were associated with greater magnitude of modulation in MSE. Our results suggest that the interplay between maturational and state-to-state changes in brain signal <span class="hlt">variability</span> manifest across different spatial and temporal scales, and influence information processing capacity in the brain. PMID:28750035</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017A%26A...608A.124M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017A%26A...608A.124M"><span>Spectroscopic and photometric oscillatory envelope <span class="hlt">variability</span> during the S Doradus outburst of the luminous blue <span class="hlt">variable</span> R71</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mehner, A.; Baade, D.; Groh, J. H.; Rivinius, T.; Hambsch, F.-J.; Bartlett, E. S.; Asmus, D.; Agliozzo, C.; Szeifert, T.; Stahl, O.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Context. Luminous blue <span class="hlt">variables</span> (LBVs) are evolved massive stars that exhibit instabilities that are not yet understood. Stars can lose several solar masses during this evolutionary phase. The LBV phenomenon is thus critical to our understanding of the evolution of the most massive stars. Aims: The LBV R71 in the Large Magellanic Cloud is presently undergoing an S Doradus outburst, which started in 2005. To better understand the LBV phenomenon, we determine the fundamental stellar parameters of R71 during its quiescence phase. In addition, we analyze multiwavelength spectra and photometry obtained during the current outburst. Methods: We analyzed pre-outburst CASPEC spectra from 1984-1997, EMMI spectra in 2000, UVES spectra in 2002, and FEROS spectra from 2005 with the radiative transfer code CMFGEN to determine the fundamental stellar parameters of the star. A spectroscopic monitoring program with VLT X-shooter since 2012 secured visual to near-infrared spectra throughout the current outburst, which is well-covered by ASAS and <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> photometry. Mid-infrared images and radio data were also obtained. Results: During quiescence, R71 has an effective temperature of Teff = 15 500 K and a luminosity of log(L∗/L⊙) = 5.78. We determine its mass-loss rate to 4.0 × 10-6M⊙ yr-1. We present the spectral energy distribution of R71 from the near-ultraviolet to the mid-infrared during its present outburst. Semi-regular oscillatory <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the light curve of the star is observed during the current outburst. Absorption lines develop a second blue component on a timescale of twice that length. The <span class="hlt">variability</span> may consist of one (quasi-)periodic component with P 425/850 d with additional variations superimposed. Conclusions: R71 is a classical LBV, but this star is at the lower luminosity end of this group. Mid-infrared observations suggest that we are witnessing dust formation and grain evolution. During its current S Doradus outburst, R71 occupies a region in the HR</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16941417','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16941417"><span>Dietary vitamin K <span class="hlt">variability</span> affects <span class="hlt">International</span> Normalized Ratio (INR) coagulation indices.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Couris, Rebecca; Tataronis, Gary; McCloskey, William; Oertel, Lynn; Dallal, Gerard; Dwyer, Johanna; Blumberg, Jeffrey B</p> <p>2006-03-01</p> <p>Changes in daily vitamin K intake may contribute to marked variations in the <span class="hlt">International</span> Normalized Ratio (INR) coagulation index in patients receiving oral warfarin anticoagulant therapy, with potentially serious adverse outcomes. Thus, patients receiving warfarin therapy are routinely counseled regarding this drug-nutrient interaction and are instructed to maintain consistent vitamin K intakes, though little quantitative information about this relationship is available. To determine the quantitative impact of <span class="hlt">variability</span> in dietary vitamin K(1) (phylloquinone) intake, assessed by a validated patient self-monitoring instrument, on weekly INR in patients receiving warfarin anticoagulant therapy. A prospective dietary assessment study was conducted at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Sixty outpatients (37 males and 23 females) were selected with a mean age 60.3 +/- 16.8 years, who began oral warfarin anticoagulant therapy within 14 days prior to their first clinic visit to an outpatient anticoagulation therapy unit. Exclusion criteria included more than 2 drinks of alcohol per day, inability to speak English, and concurrent disease states affecting warfarin therapy such as liver disease and terminal illness. Over the five-week study period, participants recorded daily intakes in specified amounts of all food items appearing on a validated dietary self-assessment tool. Concomitant use of prescription and/or non-prescription medications was also obtained. Concurrent daily warfarin dose and adherence to the drug regimen, concomitant use of prescription and/or non-prescription medications known to interact with warfarin, and weekly INR were obtained. Week-to-week changes in vitamin K intake, warfarin dose, and INR were determined and cross-correlated. Forty-three patients (28 males and 15 females) completed the study and 17 dropped out. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed the <span class="hlt">variability</span> in INR and changes in vitamin K intake were inversely</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JAVSO..40...31C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JAVSO..40...31C"><span>The Stars Belong to Everyone: Astronomer and Science Writer Helen Sawyer Hogg (1905-1993)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cahill, Maria J.</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>As a scientist and science educator, Helen Sawyer Hogg served astronomy, and especially <span class="hlt">variable</span> star astronomy, in diverse ways while raising a family. Her long interest in and support of the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> over many years took place in the context of not only that busy scientific and writing career, but also one of personal struggle to achieve parity as a female in a largely male profession. This biographical sketch demonstrates that her path to eventual status as “the Canadian face of astronomy” was both difficult and filled with uncertainty.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28771410','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28771410"><span><span class="hlt">International</span> <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in Gastrointestinal Decontamination With Acute Poisonings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mintegi, Santiago; Dalziel, Stuart R; Azkunaga, Beatriz; Prego, Javier; Arana-Arri, Eunate; Acedo, Yordana; Martinez-Indart, Lorea; Benito, Javier; Kuppermann, Nathan</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Identifying <span class="hlt">international</span> differences in the management of acute pediatric poisonings may help improve the quality of care. The objective of this study was to assess the <span class="hlt">international</span> variation and appropriateness of gastrointestinal decontamination (GID) procedures performed in children and adolescents who present with acute poisonings to emergency departments. This was an <span class="hlt">international</span>, multicenter, cross-sectional prospective study including children <18 years with poisoning exposures presenting to 105 emergency departments in 20 countries from 8 global regions belonging to the Pediatric Emergency Research Networks. Data collection started between January and September 2013 and continued for 1 year. The appropriateness of GID procedures performed was analyzed using the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists' recommendations. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for performing GID procedures. We included 1688 patients, 338 of whom (20.0%, 95% confidence interval 18.1%-22.0%) underwent the following GID procedures: activated charcoal (166, 49.1%), activated charcoal and gastric lavage (122, 36.1%), gastric lavage (47, 13.9%), and ipecac (3, 0.9%). In 155 (45.8%, 40.5%-51.2%), the GID procedure was considered appropriate, with significant differences between regions. Independent risk factors for GID procedures included age, toxin category, mechanism of poisoning, absence of symptoms, and the region where the intoxication occurred ( P < .001). Globally, there are substantial differences in the use and appropriateness of GID procedures in the management of pediatric poisonings. <span class="hlt">International</span> best practices need to be better implemented. Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ESD.....9..497O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ESD.....9..497O"><span>Influence of atmospheric <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> on the long-term Siberian water cycle during the past 2 centuries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oshima, Kazuhiro; Ogata, Koto; Park, Hotaek; Tachibana, Yoshihiro</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>River discharges from Siberia are a large source of freshwater into the Arctic Ocean, whereas the cause of the long-term variation in Siberian discharges is still unclear. The observed river discharges of the Lena in the east and the Ob in the west indicated different relationships in each of the epochs during the past 7 decades. The correlations between the two river discharges were negative during the 1980s to mid-1990s, positive during the mid-1950s to 1960s, and became weak after the mid-1990s. More long-term records of tree-ring-reconstructed discharges have also shown differences in the correlations in each of the epochs. It is noteworthy that the correlations obtained from the reconstructions tend to be negative during the past 2 centuries. Such tendency has also been obtained from precipitations in observations, and in simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and fully coupled atmosphere-ocean GCMs conducted for the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. The AGCM control simulation further demonstrated that an east-west seesaw pattern of summertime large-scale atmospheric circulation frequently emerges over Siberia as an atmospheric <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span>. This results in an opposite anomaly of precipitation over the Lena and Ob and the negative correlation. Consequently, the summertime atmospheric <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the east-west seesaw pattern over Siberia is a key factor influencing the long-term variation in precipitation and river discharge, i.e., the water cycle in this region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007BAAS...39.1064W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007BAAS...39.1064W"><span>Obituary: Martha Locke Hazen, 1931-2006</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Williams, Thomas R.; Willson, Lee Anne</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p> role in the field for several years, helping to organize the first Space for Women conference in 1975. Martha's long term support for the American Association of <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Observers (<span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>) was a natural consequence of her earlier work as an observational astronomer as well as curator of the plate stacks. She joined <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> in 1975, and was first elected to the Council in 1984, became a vice president, and eventually became president in 1992. When long-term <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> secretary Clinton Banker Ford (obituary, BAAS, 26, p. 1602-1603, 1994) passed away in February 1993, Martha was elected secretary to replace Ford, and served in that capacity for over ten years. Her services to <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> went well beyond those years in elective offices, however, and cannot be fully understood only in those terms. Martha also served a vital role as a friend and mentor for Janet Akyüz Mattei ((obituary, BAAS, 36, p. 1681-1682, 2004) throughout the latter's tenure as the director of <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>. The proximity of the plate stacks and <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> offices made it convenient for them to spend frequent lunch hours together, almost invariably discussing problems in administering the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>. Both the authors of this obituary can testify, as former <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> presidents, to the importance of Martha's support and advice for Janet, and to the importance of her role behind the scenes in <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> activities for many years. <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> honored Martha for this service by presenting her their 37th Merit Award. After her first marriage ended in divorce in 1982, Martha married Bruce McHenry, a retired career professional from the National Park Service, in 1991. That their relationship was a happy and fulfilling one is attested by the many friends Bruce made among Martha's astronomical associates. Their extensive travel together frequently involved Bruce's continuing professional interest in natural-history interpretation, but also touched many astronomical bases. Their travels also took the happy couple to the sites of many old canals, an</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3580760','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3580760"><span>Neural <span class="hlt">variability</span>, or lack thereof</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Masquelier, Timothée</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>We do not claim that the brain is completely deterministic, and we agree that noise may be beneficial in some cases. But we suggest that neuronal <span class="hlt">variability</span> may be often overestimated, due to uncontrolled <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span>, and/or the use of inappropriate reference times. These ideas are not new, but should be re-examined in the light of recent experimental findings: trial-to-trial <span class="hlt">variability</span> is often correlated across neurons, across trials, greater for higher-order neurons, and reduced by attention, suggesting that “intrinsic” sources of noise can only account for a minimal part of it. While it is obviously difficult to control for all <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span>, the problem of reference time can be largely avoided by recording multiple neurons at the same time, and looking at statistical structures in relative latencies. These relative latencies have another major advantage: they are insensitive to the <span class="hlt">variability</span> that is shared across neurons, which is often a significant part of the total <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Thus, we suggest that signal-to-noise ratios in the brain may be much higher than usually thought, leading to reactive systems, economic in terms of number of neurons, and energy efficient. PMID:23444270</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21423821','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21423821"><span>Processes of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> and <span class="hlt">International</span> Migration from Chitwan, Nepal.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bohra, Pratikshya; Massey, Douglas S</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>In this study we examine which factors predict <span class="hlt">internal</span> and <span class="hlt">international</span> migration from Chitwan, a flat valley located in the South-Central region of Nepal, seeking to measure the effect of theoretically specified <span class="hlt">variables</span> such as human capital, social capital, physical capital, and neighborhood socioeconomic conditions while controlling for demographic <span class="hlt">variables</span>. We use data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study (CVFS) to estimate a series of discrete time event history models of first and repeat migration to three competing destinations: other locations within Chitwan, other districts within Nepal, and places outside of Nepal. Results support hypotheses derived from neoclassical economics, the theory of new economics of migration, social capital theory, and cumulative causation theory. Our results underscore the need for a synthetic theoretical model that incorporates factors operating at the individual, household, and community levels. The use of multiple explanatory models yields a clearer picture of the forces driving <span class="hlt">internal</span> and <span class="hlt">international</span> migration from rural districts in developing nations such as Nepal.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3060790','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3060790"><span>Processes of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> and <span class="hlt">International</span> Migration from Chitwan, Nepal</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bohra, Pratikshya; Massey, Douglas S.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>In this study we examine which factors predict <span class="hlt">internal</span> and <span class="hlt">international</span> migration from Chitwan, a flat valley located in the South-Central region of Nepal, seeking to measure the effect of theoretically specified <span class="hlt">variables</span> such as human capital, social capital, physical capital, and neighborhood socioeconomic conditions while controlling for demographic <span class="hlt">variables</span>. We use data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study (CVFS) to estimate a series of discrete time event history models of first and repeat migration to three competing destinations: other locations within Chitwan, other districts within Nepal, and places outside of Nepal. Results support hypotheses derived from neoclassical economics, the theory of new economics of migration, social capital theory, and cumulative causation theory. Our results underscore the need for a synthetic theoretical model that incorporates factors operating at the individual, household, and community levels. The use of multiple explanatory models yields a clearer picture of the forces driving <span class="hlt">internal</span> and <span class="hlt">international</span> migration from rural districts in developing nations such as Nepal. PMID:21423821</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMMR24B..01C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMMR24B..01C"><span>Unified Static and Dynamic Recrystallization Model for the Minerals of Earth's Mantle Using <span class="hlt">Internal</span> State <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cho, H. E.; Horstemeyer, M. F.; Baumgardner, J. R.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In this study, we present an <span class="hlt">internal</span> state <span class="hlt">variable</span> (ISV) constitutive model developed to model static and dynamic recrystallization and grain size progression in a unified manner. This method accurately captures temperature, pressure and strain rate effect on the recrystallization and grain size. Because this ISV approach treats dislocation density, volume fraction of recrystallization and grain size as <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span>, this model can simultaneously track their history during the deformation with unprecedented realism. Based on this deformation history, this method can capture realistic mechanical properties such as stress-strain behavior in the relationship of microstructure-mechanical property. Also, both the transient grain size during the deformation and the steady-state grain size of dynamic recrystallization can be predicted from the history <span class="hlt">variable</span> of recrystallization volume fraction. Furthermore, because this model has a capability to simultaneously handle plasticity and creep behaviors (unified creep-plasticity), the mechanisms (static recovery (or diffusion creep), dynamic recovery (or dislocation creep) and hardening) related to dislocation dynamics can also be captured. To model these comprehensive mechanical behaviors, the mathematical formulation of this model includes elasticity to evaluate yield stress, work hardening in treating plasticity, creep, as well as the unified recrystallization and grain size progression. Because pressure sensitivity is especially important for the mantle minerals, we developed a yield function combining Drucker-Prager shear failure and von Mises yield surfaces to model the pressure dependent yield stress, while using pressure dependent work hardening and creep terms. Using these formulations, we calibrated against experimental data of the minerals acquired from the literature. Additionally, we also calibrated experimental data for metals to show the general applicability of our model. Understanding of realistic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950046568&hterms=Jun+Make&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DJun%2BMake','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950046568&hterms=Jun+Make&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3DJun%2BMake"><span>The Sun as a <span class="hlt">variable</span> star: Solar and stellar irradiance variations; Colloquium of the <span class="hlt">International</span> Astronomical Union, 143rd, Boulder, CO, Jun. 20-25, 1993</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pap, Judit M. (Editor); Froehlich, Claus (Editor); Hudson, Hugh S. (Editor); Tobiska, W. Kent (Editor)</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Variations in solar and stellar irradiances have long been of interest. An <span class="hlt">International</span> Astronomical Union (IAU) colloquium reviewed such relevant subjects as observations, theoretical interpretations, and empirical and physical models, with a special emphasis on climatic impact of solar irradiance <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Specific topics discussed included: (1) General Reviews on Observations of Solar and Stellar Irradiance <span class="hlt">Variability</span>; (2) Observational Programs for Solar and Stellar Irradiance <span class="hlt">Variability</span>; (3) <span class="hlt">Variability</span> of Solar and Stellar Irradiance Related to the Network, Active Regions (Sunspots and Plages), and Large-Scale Magnetic Structures; (4) Empirical Models of Solar Total and Spectral Irradiance <span class="hlt">Variability</span>; (5) Solar and Stellar Oscillations, Irradiance Variations and their Interpretations; and (6) The Response of the Earth's Atmosphere to Solar Irradiance Variations and Sun-Climate Connections.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050019281','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050019281"><span>Preliminary <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Performance Data for a <span class="hlt">Variable</span>-Ejector Assembly on the XJ79-GE-1 Turbojet Engine. II; Afterburning Configurations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bloomer, Harry E.; Groesbeck, Donald E.</p> <p>1957-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Internal</span> performance of an XJ79-GE-1 <span class="hlt">variable</span> ejector was experimentally determined with the primary nozzle in two representative after-burning positions. Jet-thrust and air-handling data were obtained in quiescent air for 4 selected ejector configurations over a wide range of secondary to primary airflow ratios and primary-nozzle pressure ratios. The experimental ejector data are presented in both graphical and tabulated form.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70169316','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70169316"><span><span class="hlt">Variability</span> of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide on the southern Monterey Bay continental shelf and associated bottom boundary layer sediment transport</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Rosenberger, Kurt; Storlazzi, Curt; Cheriton, Olivia</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>A 6-month deployment of instrumentation from April to October 2012 in 90 m water depth near the outer edge of the mid-shelf mud belt in southern Monterey Bay, California, reveals the importance regional upwelling on water column density structure, potentially accounting for the majority of the <span class="hlt">variability</span> in <span class="hlt">internal</span> tidal energy flux across the shelf. Observations consisted of time-series measurements of water-column currents, temperature and salinity, and near-bed currents and suspended matter. The <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide accounted for 15–25% of the water-column current variance and the barotropic tide accounted for up to 35%. The subtidal flow showed remarkably little shear and was dominated by the 7–14 day band, which is associated with relaxations in the dominant equatorward winds typical of coastal California in the spring and summer. Upwelling and relaxation events resulted in strong near-bed flows and accounted for almost half of the current stress on the seafloor (not accounting for wave orbital velocities), and may have driven along-shelf geostrophic flow during steady state conditions. Several elevated suspended particulate matter (SPM) events occurred within 3 m of the bed and were generally associated with higher, long-period surface waves. However, these peaks in SPM did not coincide with the predicted resuspension events from the modeled combined wave–current shear stress, indicating that the observed SPM at our site was most likely resuspended elsewhere and advected along-isobath. Sediment flux was almost equal in magnitude in the alongshore and cross-shore directions. Instances of wave–current shear stress that exceeded the threshold of resuspension for the silty-clays common at these water depths only occurred when near-bed orbital velocities due to long-period surface waves coincided with vigorous near-bed currents associated with the <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide or upwelling/relaxation events. Thus upwelling/relaxation dynamics are primarily responsible for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPC21A..06O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPC21A..06O"><span>Wintertime atmospheric response to decadal SST anomalies in the North Pacific frontal zone and its relationship to dominant atmospheric <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Okajima, S.; Nakamura, H.; Nishii, K.; Miyasaka, T.; Kuwano-Yoshida, A.; Taguchi, B.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>A decadal-scale warm SST anomaly observed in the North Pacific subarctic frontal zone (SAFZ) tends to accompany a basin-scale anticyclonic anomaly in the troposphere that peaks in January. A set of sensitivity experiments conducted with an AGCM simulates an anticyclonic ensemble response over the North Pacific in January. As observed, the simulated anticyclonic response is in equivalent barotropic structure and maintained mainly through energy conversion from the ensemble mean circulation realized under the climatological SST, suggesting that the anomaly may have a characteristic of a dynamical mode. Conversion of both available potential energy (APE) and kinetic energy (KE) from the mean flow is important for the observed anomaly, while only the former is important for the model response. This is because the model response is located to the north of the jet core region whereas the observed anomaly is straddling the jet exit region, which appears to be in correspondence to the northwestward displacement of the center of the dominant atmospheric <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> in our model relative to the observed center. Transient eddy feedback forcing also acts to maintain the observed anomaly rather efficiently, while its efficiency is much lower for the simulated response, which seems to be consistent with the poleward displacement of the anticyclonic response from the jet and stormtrack axes. A multi-decadal integration of our coupled GCM also suggests that atmospheric <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> may be important for determining atmospheric response to the decadal SST <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the SAFZ.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26163734','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26163734"><span>Prognostic importance of glycaemic <span class="hlt">variability</span> on hospital mortality in patients hospitalised in <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine Departments.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sáenz-Abad, D; Gimeno-Orna, J A; Pérez-Calvo, J I</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The objective was to assess the prognostic importance of various glycaemic control measures on hospital mortality. Retrospective, analytical cohort study that included patients hospitalised in <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine departments with a diagnosis related to diabetes mellitus (DM), excluding acute decompensations. The clinical endpoint was hospital mortality. We recorded clinical, analytical and glycaemic control-related <span class="hlt">variables</span> (scheduled insulin administration, plasma glycaemia at admission, HbA1c, mean glycaemia (MG) and in-hospital glycaemic <span class="hlt">variability</span> and hypoglycaemia). The measurement of hospital mortality predictors was performed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 384 patients (50.3% men) were included. The mean age was 78.5 (SD, 10.3) years. The DM-related diagnoses were type 2 diabetes (83.6%) and stress hyperglycaemia (6.8%). Thirty-one (8.1%) patients died while in hospital. In the multivariate analysis, the best model for predicting mortality (R(2)=0.326; P<.0001) consisted, in order of importance, of age (χ(2)=8.19; OR=1.094; 95% CI 1.020-1.174; P=.004), Charlson index (χ(2)=7.28; OR=1.48; 95% CI 1.11-1.99; P=.007), initial glycaemia (χ(2)=6.05; OR=1.007; 95% CI 1.001-1.014; P=.014), HbA1c (χ(2)=5.76; OR=0.59; 95% CI 0.33-1; P=.016), glycaemic <span class="hlt">variability</span> (χ(2)=4.41; OR=1.031; 95% CI 1-1.062; P=.036), need for corticosteroid treatment (χ(2)=4.03; OR=3.1; 95% CI 1-9.64; P=.045), administration of scheduled insulin (χ(2)=3.98; OR=0.26; 95% CI 0.066-1; P=.046) and systolic blood pressure (χ(2)=2.92; OR=0.985; 95% CI 0.97-1.003; P=.088). An increase in initial glycaemia and in-hospital glycaemic <span class="hlt">variability</span> predict the risk of mortality for hospitalised patients with DM. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JAtS...54..725C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JAtS...54..725C"><span>Asymmetric Impact of Tropical SST Anomalies on Atmospheric <span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">Variability</span> over the North Pacific.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Wilbur Y.; van den Dool, Huug M.</p> <p>1997-03-01</p> <p>A substantial asymmetric impact of tropical Pacific SST anomalies on the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the extratropical atmosphere is found. A variety of diagnoses is performed to help reveal the dynamical processes leading to the large impact. Thirty-five years of geopotential heights and 29 years of wind fields analyzed operationally at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), formerly the National Meteorological Center, and three sets of 10-yr-long perpetual January integrations run with a low-resolution NCEP global spectral model are investigated in detail for the impact of the SST anomalies on the blocking flows over the North Pacific. The impact on large-scale deep trough flows is also examined.Both the blocking and deep trough flows develop twice as much over the North Pacific during La Niña as during El Niño winters. Consequently, the <span class="hlt">internal</span> dynamics associated low-frequency <span class="hlt">variability</span> (LFV), with timescales between 7 and 61 days examined in this study, display distinct characteristics: much larger magnitude for the La Niña than the El Niño winters over the eastern North Pacific, where the LFV is highest in general.The diagnosis of the localized Eliassen-Palm fluxes and their divergence reveals that the high-frequency transient eddies (1-7 days) at high latitudes are effective in forming and maintaining the large-scale blocking flows, while the midlatitude transients are less effective. The mean deformation field over the North Pacific is much more diffluent for the La Niña than the El Niño winters, resulting in more blocking flows being developed and maintained during La Niña by the high-frequency transients over the central North Pacific.In addition to the above dynamical process operating on the high-frequency end of the spectrum, the local barotropic energy conversion between the LFV components and the time-mean flows is also operating and playing a crucial role. The kinetic energy conversion represented by the scalar product</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JMPSo..70..281T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JMPSo..70..281T"><span>A thermomechanical constitutive model for cemented granular materials with quantifiable <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Part I-Theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tengattini, Alessandro; Das, Arghya; Nguyen, Giang D.; Viggiani, Gioacchino; Hall, Stephen A.; Einav, Itai</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>This is the first of two papers introducing a novel thermomechanical continuum constitutive model for cemented granular materials. Here, we establish the theoretical foundations of the model, and highlight its novelties. At the limit of no cement, the model is fully consistent with the original Breakage Mechanics model. An essential ingredient of the model is the use of measurable and micro-mechanics based <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span>, describing the evolution of the dominant inelastic processes. This imposes a link between the macroscopic mechanical behavior and the statistically averaged evolution of the microstructure. As a consequence this model requires only a few physically identifiable parameters, including those of the original breakage model and new ones describing the cement: its volume fraction, its critical damage energy and bulk stiffness, and the cohesion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015BAVSR..64...84R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015BAVSR..64...84R"><span>Untersuchung der Mira-Sterne RT Boo, TV Peg und VX Aur</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Raetz, Kerstin; Berthold, Thomas</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>The light-change of the Mira stars RT Boo, TV Peg and VX Aur was analyzed on three ways for a long time. In the first period I estimated the brightness of the <span class="hlt">variables</span> on sky monitoring photo plates (red spectral range) from Sonneberg Observatory with ArgelanderÂ¥s Method, in the last years I measured scanned photo plates with a photometry program and in addition I used visual observations from <span class="hlt">A.A.V.S.O</span>. for the analysis. The behavior of the periods of the tree stars from 1965 to 2013 is described here.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO53D..03S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO53D..03S"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> gravity wave contributions to global sea surface <span class="hlt">variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Savage, A.; Arbic, B. K.; Richman, J. G.; Shriver, J. F.; Buijsman, M. C.; Zamudio, L.; Wallcraft, A. J.; Sharma, H.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>High-resolution (1/12th and 1/25th degree) 41-layer simulations of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), forced by both atmospheric fields and the astronomical tidal potential, are used to construct global maps of sea-surface height (SSH). The HYCOM output has been separated into steric, non-steric, and total sea-surface height and the maps display variance in subtidal, tidal, and supertidal bands. Two of the global maps are of particular interest in planning for the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) wide-swath satellite altimeter mission; (1) a map of the nonstationary tidal signal (estimated after removing the stationary tidal signal via harmonic analysis), and (2) a map of the steric supertidal contributions, which are dominated by the <span class="hlt">internal</span> gravity wave continuum. Both of these maps display signals of order 1 cm2, the target accuracy for the SWOT mission. Therefore, both non-stationary <span class="hlt">internal</span> tides and non-tidal <span class="hlt">internal</span> gravity waves are likely to be important sources of "noise" that must be accurately removed before examination of lower-frequency phenomena can take place.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Pretest+AND+posttest+AND+control+AND+group+AND+design&pg=5&id=EJ1051859','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Pretest+AND+posttest+AND+control+AND+group+AND+design&pg=5&id=EJ1051859"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> Validity: A Must in Research Designs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Cahit, Kaya</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>In experimental research, <span class="hlt">internal</span> validity refers to what extent researchers can conclude that changes in dependent <span class="hlt">variable</span> (i.e. outcome) are caused by manipulations in independent <span class="hlt">variable</span>. The causal inference permits researchers to meaningfully interpret research results. This article discusses (a) <span class="hlt">internal</span> validity threats in social and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=rios+AND+rio+AND+de+AND+janeiro&pg=6&id=EJ454523','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=rios+AND+rio+AND+de+AND+janeiro&pg=6&id=EJ454523"><span>The Serial Effect on <span class="hlt">Internal</span> and External <span class="hlt">Variables</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira; Naro, Anthony J.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>A study of concord phenomena in Rio de Janeiro spoken Portuguese found that, in the serial context, the linguistic system is so highly constrained that external, and even <span class="hlt">internal</span>, influences are blocked. Authors conclude that strong constraints should be identified and further studies undertaken to understand the interplay of the diverse forces…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SPIE.5749..162Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SPIE.5749..162Z"><span>Evaluation of <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise methods for Hotelling observers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Yani; Pham, Binh T.; Eckstein, Miguel P.</p> <p>2005-04-01</p> <p>Including <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise in computer model observers to degrade model observer performance to human levels is a common method to allow for quantitatively comparisons of human and model performance. In this paper, we studied two different types of methods for injecting <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise to Hotelling model observers. The first method adds <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise to the output of the individual channels: a) Independent non-uniform channel noise, b) Independent uniform channel noise. The second method adds <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise to the decision <span class="hlt">variable</span> arising from the combination of channel responses: a) <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise standard deviation proportional to decision <span class="hlt">variable</span>'s standard deviation due to the external noise, b) <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise standard deviation proportional to decision <span class="hlt">variable</span>'s variance caused by the external noise. We tested the square window Hotelling observer (HO), channelized Hotelling observer (CHO), and Laguerre-Gauss Hotelling observer (LGHO). The studied task was detection of a filling defect of varying size/shape in one of four simulated arterial segment locations with real x-ray angiography backgrounds. Results show that the <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise method that leads to the best prediction of human performance differs across the studied models observers. The CHO model best predicts human observer performance with the channel <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise. The HO and LGHO best predict human observer performance with the decision <span class="hlt">variable</span> <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise. These results might help explain why previous studies have found different results on the ability of each Hotelling model to predict human performance. Finally, the present results might guide researchers with the choice of method to include <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise into their Hotelling models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018yCat..18410033M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018yCat..18410033M"><span>VizieR Online Data Catalog: AGB stars with GALEX observations (Montez+, 2017)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Montez, R.; Ramstedt, S.; Kastner, J. H.; Vlemmings, W.; Sanchez, E.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Our sample of AGB stars is derived from numerous AGB samples found in the literature and was originally compiled by Ramstedt+ (2012A&A...543A.147R) to search for X-ray detections associated with AGB stars. The GALEX mission performed a two-band survey of the UV sky. Using a dichromatic beam splitter, GALEX simultaneously observed far-UV (FUV; λeff~1528Å; 1344-1786Å) and near-UV (NUV; λeff~2310Å; 1771-2831Å) in surveys with different depths. The spatial resolution is 4.3" in FUV and 5.3" in NUV. As described in further detail in Morrissey+ (2007ApJS..173..682M), spectroscopic observations place a grism into the converging beam of the telescope to simultaneously disperse all sources onto the detector plane. According to Morrissey+ (2007), the usable ranges of the grism spectra are 1300-1820Å and 1820-3000Å in the FUV and NUV, with average resolutions of 8Å and 20Å, respectively. To supplement our study of the GALEX observations of AGB stars, we collected photometric data from across the electromagnetic spectrum for all the AGB stars considered using SIMBAD and VizieR tools. We aslo collected <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> light curves that span the GALEX mission lifetime (2003 May 28 to 2013 June 28) from the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> <span class="hlt">International</span> Database. (3 data files).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CSR...145...95R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CSR...145...95R"><span>Time series pCO2 at a coastal mooring: <span class="hlt">Internal</span> consistency, seasonal cycles, and interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Reimer, Janet J.; Cai, Wei-Jun; Xue, Liang; Vargas, Rodrigo; Noakes, Scott; Hu, Xinping; Signorini, Sergio R.; Mathis, Jeremy T.; Feely, Richard A.; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Sabine, Christopher; Musielewicz, Sylvia; Chen, Baoshan; Wanninkhof, Rik</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Marine carbonate system monitoring programs often consist of multiple observational methods that include underway cruise data, moored autonomous time series, and discrete water bottle samples. Monitored parameters include all, or some of the following: partial pressure of CO2 of the water (pCO2w) and air, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and pH. Any combination of at least two of the aforementioned parameters can be used to calculate the others. In this study at the Gray's Reef (GR) mooring in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) we: examine the <span class="hlt">internal</span> consistency of pCO2w from underway cruise, moored autonomous time series, and calculated from bottle samples (DIC-TA pairing); describe the seasonal to interannual pCO2w time series <span class="hlt">variability</span> and air-sea flux (FCO2), as well as describe the potential sources of pCO2w <span class="hlt">variability</span>; and determine the source/sink for atmospheric pCO2. Over the 8.5 years of GR mooring time series, mooring-underway and mooring-bottle calculated-pCO2w strongly correlate with r-values > 0.90. pCO2w and FCO2 time series follow seasonal thermal patterns; however, seasonal non-thermal processes, such as terrestrial export, net biological production, and air-sea exchange also influence <span class="hlt">variability</span>. The linear slope of time series pCO2w increases by 5.2 ± 1.4 μatm y-1 with FCO2 increasing 51-70 mmol m-2 y-1. The net FCO2 sign can switch interannually with the magnitude varying greatly. Non-thermal pCO2w is also increasing over the time series, likely indicating that terrestrial export and net biological processes drive the long term pCO2w increase.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO44A3119H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO44A3119H"><span>Forced Atlantic Multidecadal <span class="hlt">Variability</span> Over the Past Millennium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Halloran, P. R.; Reynolds, D.; Scourse, J. D.; Hall, I. R.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Paul R. Halloran, David J. Reynolds, Ian R. Hall and James D. Scourse Multidecadal <span class="hlt">variability</span> in Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) plays a first order role in determining regional atmospheric circulation and moisture transport, with major climatic consequences. These regional climate impacts range from drought in the Sahel and South America, though increased hurricane activity and temperature extremes, to modified monsoonal rainfall. Multidecadal Atlantic SST <span class="hlt">variability</span> could arise through <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) (e.g., Knight et al., 2006), or through externally forced change (e.g. Booth et al., 2012). It is critical that we know whether <span class="hlt">internal</span> or external forcing dominates if we are to provide useful near-term climate projections in the Atlantic region. A persuasive argument that <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> plays an important role in Atlantic Multidecadal <span class="hlt">Variability</span> is that periodic SST <span class="hlt">variability</span> has been observed throughout much of the last millennium (Mann et al., 2009), and the hypothesized external forcing of historical Atlantic Multidecadal <span class="hlt">Variability</span> (Booth et al., 2012) is largely anthropogenic in origin. Here we combine the first annually-resolved millennial marine reconstruction with multi-model analysis, to show that the Atlantic SST <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the last millennium can be explained by a combination of direct volcanic forcing, and indirect, forced, AMOC <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Our results indicate that whilst climate models capture the timing of both the directly forced SST and forced AMOC-mediated SST <span class="hlt">variability</span>, the models fail to capture the magnitude of the forced AMOC change. Does this mean that models underestimate the 21st century reduction in AMOC strength? J. Knight, C. Folland and A. Scaife., Climate impacts of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, GRL, 2006 B.B.B Booth, N. Dunstone, P.R. Halloran et al., Aerosols implicated as a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JMBM...24...25H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JMBM...24...25H"><span>Modeling the zonal disintegration of rocks near deep level tunnels by gradient <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variable</span> continuous phase transition theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Haoxiang, Chen; Qi, Chengzhi; Peng, Liu; Kairui, Li; Aifantis, Elias C.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The occurrence of alternating damage zones surrounding underground openings (commonly known as zonal disintegration) is treated as a "far from thermodynamic equilibrium" dynamical process or a nonlinear continuous phase transition phenomenon. The approach of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variable</span> gradient theory with diffusive transport, which may be viewed as a subclass of Landau's phase transition theory, is adopted. The order parameter is identified with an irreversible strain quantity, the gradient of which enters into the expression for the free energy of the rock system. The gradient term stabilizes the material behavior in the post-softening regime, where zonal disintegration occurs. The results of a simplified linearized analysis are confirmed by the numerical solution of the nonlinear problem.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17444200','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17444200"><span>[Blood pressure <span class="hlt">variability</span>: clinical interest or simple curiosity?].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ciaroni, Stefano</p> <p>2007-03-14</p> <p>Blood pressure <span class="hlt">variability</span> is a physiological phenomenon influenced by many <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external factors. This <span class="hlt">variability</span> could be also influenced by pathological conditions such as arterial hypertension. Two forms must be mainly distinguished: the blood pressure <span class="hlt">variability</span> at long and short-term. The latter could only be studied by continuous recordings. In this article will be analysed the interest of measuring blood pressure <span class="hlt">variability</span>, its cardiovascular prognosis and the therapeutic tools when it is increased.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28322240','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28322240"><span><span class="hlt">International</span> spinal cord injury endocrine and metabolic extended data set.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bauman, W A; Wecht, J M; Biering-Sørensen, F</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>The objective of this study was to develop the <span class="hlt">International</span> Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Endocrine and Metabolic Extended Data Set (ISCIEMEDS) within the framework of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Data Sets that would facilitate consistent collection and reporting of endocrine and metabolic findings in the SCI population. This study was conducted in an <span class="hlt">international</span> setting. The ISCIEMEDS was developed by a working group. The initial ISCIEMEDS was revised based on suggestions from members of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Data Sets Committee, the <span class="hlt">International</span> Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) Executive and Scientific Committees, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Board, other interested organizations, societies and individual reviewers. The data set was posted for two months on ISCoS and ASIA websites for comments. <span class="hlt">Variable</span> names were standardized, and a suggested database structure for the ISCIEMEDS was provided by the Common Data Elements (CDEs) project at the National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) of the US National Institute of Health (NIH), and are available at https://commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov/SCI.aspx#tab=Data_Standards. The final ISCIEMEDS contains questions on the endocrine and metabolic conditions related to SCI. Because the information may be collected at any time, the date of data collection is important to determine the time after SCI. ISCIEMEDS includes information on carbohydrate metabolism (6 <span class="hlt">variables</span>), calcium and bone metabolism (12 <span class="hlt">variables</span>), thyroid function (9 <span class="hlt">variables</span>), adrenal function (2 <span class="hlt">variables</span>), gonadal function (7 <span class="hlt">variables</span>), pituitary function (6 <span class="hlt">variables</span>), sympathetic nervous system function (1 <span class="hlt">variable</span>) and renin-aldosterone axis function (2 <span class="hlt">variables</span>). The complete instructions for data collection and the data sheet itself are freely available on the website of ISCoS (http://www.iscos.org.uk/<span class="hlt">international</span>-sci-data-sets).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29754400','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29754400"><span>The <span class="hlt">International</span> prevalence and <span class="hlt">variability</span> of non-adherence to the non-pharmacologic treatment regimen after heart transplantation: Findings from the cross-sectional bright study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Helmy, Remon; Duerinckx, Nathalie; De Geest, Sabina; Denhaerynck, Kris; Berben, Lut; Russell, Cynthia L; Van Cleemput, Johan; Crespo-Leiro, Maria G; Dobbels, Fabienne</p> <p>2018-05-13</p> <p>Heart transplant (HTx) recipients need to follow a complex therapeutic regimen. We assessed the <span class="hlt">international</span> prevalence and <span class="hlt">variability</span> in non-adherence to six non-pharmacologic treatment components (physical activity, sun protection, diet, alcohol use, non-smoking, and outpatient follow-up visits). We used self-report data of 1397 adult HTx recipients from the 36-HTx-center, 11-country, 4-continent, cross-sectional BRIGHT study (ClinicalTrials. gov ID: NCT01608477). The non-adherence definitions used were: Physical activity: <3 times/week 20 minutes' vigorous activity, <5 times/week 30 minutes' moderate activity, or <5 times/week a combination of either intensity; Sun protection: not "always" applying any sun protection; Diet: not "often" or "always" following recommended diet(s); Alcohol use: > 1 alcoholic drink/day (women) or > 2 drinks/day (men); Smoking: current smokers or stopped <1 year before; Follow-up visits: missing ≥1 of the last 5 outpatient follow-up visits. Overall prevalence figures were adjusted to avoid over- or underrepresentation of countries. Between-country <span class="hlt">variability</span> was assessed within each treatment component via chi-square testing. The adjusted study-wide non-adherence prevalence figures were: 47.8% for physical activity (95% CI [45.2-50.5%]), 39.9% for sun protection (95% CI [37.3-42.5%]), 38.2% for diet recommendations (95% CI [35.1-41.3%]), 22.9% for alcohol consumption (95% CI [20.8%-25.1%]), 7.4% for smoking cessation (95% CI [6.1%-8.7%]), and 5.7% for follow-up visits (95% CI [4.6-6.9%]). Significant <span class="hlt">variability</span> was observed between countries in all treatment components except follow-up visits. Non-adherence to the post-HTx non-pharmacologic treatment regimen is prevalent and shows significant <span class="hlt">variability</span> <span class="hlt">internationally</span>, suggesting a need for tailored adherence-enhancing interventions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.B22E..02K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUFM.B22E..02K"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> Catchment Process Simulation in a Snow-Dominated Basin: Performance Evaluation with Spatiotemporally <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Runoff Generation and Groundwater Dynamics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kuras, P. K.; Weiler, M.; Alila, Y.; Spittlehouse, D.; Winkler, R.</p> <p>2006-12-01</p> <p>Hydrologic models have been increasingly used in forest hydrology to overcome the limitations of paired watershed experiments, where vegetative recovery and natural <span class="hlt">variability</span> obscure the inferences and conclusions that can be drawn from such studies. Models, however, are also plagued by uncertainty stemming from a limited understanding of hydrological processes in forested catchments and parameter equifinality is a common concern. This has created the necessity to improve our understanding of how hydrological systems work, through the development of hydrological measures, analyses and models that address the question: are we getting the right answers for the right reasons? Hence, physically-based, spatially-distributed hydrologic models should be validated with high-quality experimental data describing multiple concurrent <span class="hlt">internal</span> catchment processes under a range of hydrologic regimes. The distributed hydrology soil vegetation model (DHSVM) frequently used in forest management applications is an example of a process-based model used to address the aforementioned circumstances, and this study takes a novel approach at collectively examining the ability of a pre-calibrated model application to realistically simulate outlet flows along with the spatial-temporal variation of <span class="hlt">internal</span> catchment processes including: continuous groundwater dynamics at 9 locations, stream and road network flow at 67 locations for six individual days throughout the freshet, and pre-melt season snow distribution. Model efficiency was improved over prior evaluations due to continuous efforts in improving the quality of meteorological data in the watershed. Road and stream network flows were very well simulated for a range of hydrological conditions, and the spatial distribution of the pre-melt season snowpack was in general agreement with observed values. The model was effective in simulating the spatial <span class="hlt">variability</span> of subsurface flow generation, except at locations where strong stream</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.9940D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.9940D"><span>The Stochastic predictability limits of GCM <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> and the Stochastic Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System (StocSIPS)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Del Rio Amador, Lenin; Lovejoy, Shaun</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Over the past ten years, a key advance in our understanding of atmospheric <span class="hlt">variability</span> is the discovery that between the weather and climate regime lies an intermediate "macroweather" regime, spanning the range of scales from ≈10 days to ≈30 years. Macroweather statistics are characterized by two fundamental symmetries: scaling and the factorization of the joint space-time statistics. In the time domain, the scaling has low intermittency with the additional property that successive fluctuations tend to cancel. In space, on the contrary the scaling has high (multifractal) intermittency corresponding to the existence of different climate zones. These properties have fundamental implications for macroweather forecasting: a) the temporal scaling implies that the system has a long range memory that can be exploited for forecasting; b) the low temporal intermittency implies that mathematically well-established (Gaussian) forecasting techniques can be used; and c), the statistical factorization property implies that although spatial correlations (including teleconnections) may be large, if long enough time series are available, they are not necessarily useful in improving forecasts. Theoretically, these conditions imply the existence of stochastic predictability limits in our talk, we show that these limits apply to GCM's. Based on these statistical implications, we developed the Stochastic Seasonal and Interannual Prediction System (StocSIPS) for the prediction of temperature from regional to global scales and from one month to many years horizons. One of the main components of StocSIPS is the separation and prediction of both the <span class="hlt">internal</span> and externally forced <span class="hlt">variabilities</span>. In order to test the theoretical assumptions and consequences for predictability and predictions, we use 41 different CMIP5 model outputs from preindustrial control runs that have fixed external forcings: whose <span class="hlt">variability</span> is purely <span class="hlt">internally</span> generated. We first show that these statistical</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18227849','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18227849"><span><span class="hlt">International</span> urodynamic basic spinal cord injury data set.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Biering-Sørensen, F; Craggs, M; Kennelly, M; Schick, E; Wyndaele, J-J</p> <p>2008-07-01</p> <p>To create the <span class="hlt">International</span> Urodynamic Basic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Data Set within the framework of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Data Sets. <span class="hlt">International</span> working group. The draft of the data set was developed by a working group consisting of members appointed by the Neurourology Committee of the <span class="hlt">International</span> Continence Society, the European Association of Urology, the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), the <span class="hlt">International</span> Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) and a representative of the Executive Committee of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Standards and Data Sets. The final version of the data set was developed after review and comments by members of the Executive Committee of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Standards and Data Sets, the ISCoS Scientific Committee, ASIA Board, relevant and interested (<span class="hlt">international</span>) organizations and societies (around 40) and persons and the ISCoS Council. Endorsement of the data set by relevant organizations and societies will be obtained. To make the data set uniform, each <span class="hlt">variable</span> and each response category within each <span class="hlt">variable</span> have been specifically defined in a way that is designed to promote the collection and reporting of comparable minimal data. <span class="hlt">Variables</span> included in the <span class="hlt">International</span> Urodynamic Basic SCI Data Set are date of data collection, bladder sensation during filling cystometry, detrusor function, compliance during filing cystometry, function during voiding, detrusor leak point pressure, maximum detrusor pressure, cystometric bladder capacity and post-void residual volume.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1174778','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1174778"><span><span class="hlt">Variable</span> compression ratio device for <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Maloney, Ronald P.; Faletti, James J.</p> <p>2004-03-23</p> <p>An <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engine, particularly suitable for use in a work machine, is provided with a combustion cylinder, a cylinder head at an end of the combustion cylinder and a primary piston reciprocally disposed within the combustion cylinder. The cylinder head includes a secondary cylinder and a secondary piston reciprocally disposed within the secondary cylinder. An actuator is coupled with the secondary piston for controlling the position of the secondary piston dependent upon the position of the primary piston. A communication port establishes fluid flow communication between the combustion cylinder and the secondary cylinder.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.H13I1695T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.H13I1695T"><span>Stochastically-forced Decadal <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in Australian Rainfall</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Taschetto, A.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Iconic Australian dry and wet periods were driven by anomalous conditions in the tropical oceans, such as the worst short-term drought in the southeast in 1982 associated with the strong El Niño and the widespread "Big Wet" in 1974 linked with a La Niña event. The association with oceanic conditions makes droughts predictable to some extent. However, prediction can be difficult when there is no clear external forcing such as El Niños. Can dry spells be triggered and maintained with no ocean memory? In this study, we investigate the potential role of <span class="hlt">internal</span> multi-century atmospheric <span class="hlt">variability</span> in controlling the frequency, duration and intensity of long-term dry and wet spells over Australia. Two multi-century-scale simulations were performed with the NCAR CESM: (1) a fully-coupled simulation (CPLD) and (2) an atmospheric simulation forced by a seasonal SST climatology derived from the coupled experiment (ACGM). Results reveal that droughts and wet spells can indeed be generated by <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the atmosphere. Those <span class="hlt">internally</span> generated events are less severe than those forced by oceanic <span class="hlt">variability</span>, however the duration of dry and wet spells longer than 3 years is comparable with and without the ocean memory. Large-scale ocean modes of <span class="hlt">variability</span> seem to play an important role in producing continental-scale rainfall impacts over Australia. While the Pacific Decadal Oscillation plays an important role in generating droughts in the fully coupled model, perturbations of monsoonal winds seem to be the main trigger of dry spells in the AGCM case. Droughts in the mid-latitude regions such as Tasmania can be driven by perturbations in the Southern Annular Mode, not necessarily linked to oceanic conditions even in the fully-coupled model. The mechanisms behind <span class="hlt">internally</span>-driven mega-droughts and mega-wets will be discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1015248','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1015248"><span>Turbo-generator control with <span class="hlt">variable</span> valve actuation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Vuk, Carl T [Denver, IA</p> <p>2011-02-22</p> <p>An <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engine incorporating a turbo-generator and one or more <span class="hlt">variably</span> activated exhaust valves. The exhaust valves are adapted to <span class="hlt">variably</span> release exhaust gases from a combustion cylinder during a combustion cycle to an exhaust system. The turbo-generator is adapted to receive exhaust gases from the exhaust system and rotationally harness energy therefrom to produce electrical power. A controller is adapted to command the exhaust valve to <span class="hlt">variably</span> open in response to a desired output for the turbo-generator.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008TJSAI..23..151K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008TJSAI..23..151K"><span>Adaptive <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in Skilled Human Movements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kudo, Kazutoshi; Ohtsuki, Tatsuyuki</p> <p></p> <p>Human movements are produced in <span class="hlt">variable</span> external/<span class="hlt">internal</span> environments. Because of this <span class="hlt">variability</span>, the same motor command can result in quite different movement patterns. Therefore, to produce skilled movements humans must coordinate the <span class="hlt">variability</span>, not try to exclude it. In addition, because human movements are produced in redundant and complex systems, a combination of <span class="hlt">variability</span> should be observed in different anatomical/physiological levels. In this paper, we introduce our research about human movement <span class="hlt">variability</span> that shows remarkable coordination among components, and between organism and environment. We also introduce nonlinear dynamical models that can describe a variety of movements as a self-organization of a dynamical system, because the dynamical systems approach is a major candidate to understand the principle underlying organization of varying systems with huge degrees-of-freedom.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850006488','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19850006488"><span>Static <span class="hlt">internal</span> performance of single-expansion-ramp nozzles with various combinations of <span class="hlt">internal</span> geometric parameters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Re, R. J.; Leavitt, L. D.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>The effects of five geometric design parameters on the <span class="hlt">internal</span> performance of single-expansion-ramp nozzles were investigated at nozzle pressure ratios up to 10 in the static-test facility of the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel. The geometric <span class="hlt">variables</span> on the expansion-ramp surface of the upper flap consisted of ramp chordal angle, ramp length, and initial ramp angle. On the lower flap, the geometric <span class="hlt">variables</span> consisted of flap angle and flap length. Both <span class="hlt">internal</span> performance and static-pressure distributions on the centerlines of the upper and lower flaps were obtained for all 43 nozzle configurations tested.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED544557.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED544557.pdf"><span>TIMSS 2011 User Guide for the <span class="hlt">International</span> Database. Supplement 2: National Adaptations of <span class="hlt">International</span> Background Questionnaires</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Foy, Pierre, Ed.; Arora, Alka, Ed.; Stanco, Gabrielle M., Ed.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>This supplement describes national adaptations made to the <span class="hlt">international</span> version of the TIMSS 2011 background questionnaires. This information provides users with a guide to evaluate the availability of <span class="hlt">internationally</span> comparable data for use in secondary analyses involving the TIMSS 2011 background <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Background questionnaire adaptations…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/9324.htm','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/9324.htm"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> fetal monitoring (image)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Internal</span> fetal monitoring involves placing a electrode directly on the fetal scalp through the cervix. This test is performed to evaluate fetal heart rate and <span class="hlt">variability</span> between beats, especially ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..4412280A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..4412280A"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> Waves in the East Australian Current</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alford, Matthew H.; Sloyan, Bernadette M.; Simmons, Harper L.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Internal</span> waves, which drive most ocean turbulence and add "noise" to lower-frequency records, interact with low-frequency current systems and topography in yet poorly known ways. Taking advantage of a heavily instrumented, 14 month mooring array, <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves in the East Australian Current (EAC) are examined for the first time. <span class="hlt">Internal</span> wave horizontal kinetic energy (HKE) is within a factor of 2 of the Garrett-Munk (1976) spectrum. Continuum <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves, near-inertial waves, and <span class="hlt">internal</span> tides together constitute a significant percentage of the total velocity variance. Mode-1 <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide energy fluxes are southward and much smaller than energy times group velocity, consistent with reflection at the continental slope of incident waves generated from near New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands. <span class="hlt">Internal</span> tide HKE is highly phase <span class="hlt">variable</span>, consistent with refraction by the <span class="hlt">variable</span> EAC. Mode-1 near-inertial wave energy fluxes are of comparable magnitude and are equatorward and episodic, consistent with generation by storms farther poleward. These processes are considered together in the complex environment of the EAC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29669569','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29669569"><span>An <span class="hlt">international</span> delphi survey for the definition of the <span class="hlt">variables</span> for the development of new classification criteria for periodic fever aphtous stomatitis pharingitis cervical adenitis (PFAPA).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vanoni, Federica; Federici, Silvia; Antón, Jordi; Barron, Karyl S; Brogan, Paul; De Benedetti, Fabrizio; Dedeoglu, Fatma; Demirkaya, Erkan; Hentgen, Veronique; Kallinich, Tilmann; Laxer, Ronald; Russo, Ricardo; Toplak, Natasa; Uziel, Yosef; Martini, Alberto; Ruperto, Nicolino; Gattorno, Marco; Hofer, Michael</p> <p>2018-04-18</p> <p>Diagnosis of Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) is currently based on a set of criteria proposed in 1999 modified from Marshall's criteria. Nevertheless no validated evidence based set of classification criteria for PFAPA has been established so far. The aim of this study was to identify candidate classification criteria PFAPA syndrome using <span class="hlt">international</span> consensus formation through a Delphi questionnaire survey. A first open-ended questionnaire was sent to adult and pediatric clinicians/researchers, asking to identify the <span class="hlt">variables</span> thought most likely to be helpful and relevant for the diagnosis of PFAPA. In a second survey, respondents were asked to select, from the list of <span class="hlt">variables</span> coming from the first survey, the 10 features that they felt were most important, and to rank them in descending order from most important to least important. The response rate to the first and second Delphi was respectively 109/124 (88%) and 141/162 (87%). The number of participants that completed the first and second Delphi was 69/124 (56%) and 110/162 (68%). From the first Delphi we obtained a list of 92 <span class="hlt">variables</span>, of which 62 were selected in the second Delphi. <span class="hlt">Variables</span> reaching the top five position of the rank were regular periodicity, aphthous stomatitis, response to corticosteroids, cervical adenitis, and well-being between flares. Our process led to identification of features that were felt to be the most important as candidate classification criteria for PFAPA by a large sample of <span class="hlt">international</span> rheumatologists. The performance of these items will be tested further in the next phase of the study, through analysis of real patient data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2794182','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2794182"><span>Introducing a true <span class="hlt">internal</span> standard for the Comet assay to minimize intra- and inter-experiment <span class="hlt">variability</span> in measures of DNA damage and repair</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zainol, Murizal; Stoute, Julia; Almeida, Gabriela M.; Rapp, Alexander; Bowman, Karen J.; Jones, George D. D.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The Comet assay (CA) is a sensitive/simple measure of genotoxicity. However, many features of CA contribute <span class="hlt">variability</span>. To minimize these, we have introduced <span class="hlt">internal</span> standard materials consisting of ‘reference’ cells which have their DNA substituted with BrdU. Using a fluorescent anti-BrdU antibody, plus an additional barrier filter, comets derived from these cells could be readily distinguished from the ‘test’-cell comets, present in the same gel. In experiments to evaluate the reference cell comets as external and <span class="hlt">internal</span> standards, the reference and test cells were present in separate gels on the same slide or mixed together in the same gel, respectively, before their co-exposure to X-irradiation. Using the reference cell comets as <span class="hlt">internal</span> standards led to substantial reductions in the coefficient of variation (CoV) for intra- and inter-experimental measures of comet formation and DNA damage repair; only minor reductions in CoV were noted when the reference and test cell comets were in separate gels. These studies indicate that differences between individual gels appreciably contribute to CA variation. Further studies using the reference cells as <span class="hlt">internal</span> standards allowed greater significance to be obtained between groups of replicate samples. Ultimately, we anticipate that development will deliver robust quality assurance materials for CA. PMID:19828597</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AAS...22315405R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AAS...22315405R"><span>Nova Delphini 2013: Backyard Analysis of a Classical Nova</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Reid, Piper</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>On August 14, 2013, Nova Delphini was discovered by Koichi Itagaki. This nova erupted to a maximum brightness of magnitude 4.4 by August 16, 2013. The extraordinary brightness of this event has allowed many amateur astronomers to have the chance to study it. More than 750 amateur astronomers have contributed to the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> photometry database of Nova Delphini.1 The amount and quality of spectroscopic data gathered is unprecedented as well, as over 700 individual spectra have been collected so far in the ARAS database.2 A nova is a class of <span class="hlt">variable</span> star that undergoes a cataclysmic eruption, which can be observed through a sudden increase in brightness that declines over a series of months or years. At the center of a nova is an accreting white dwarf star which is collecting hydrogen from its surroundings. The accreting mass causes a nuclear reaction on the surface of the white dwarf and as the pressure increases the reaction becomes super-critical and a thermonuclear runaway is ignited causing the brightness increase as well as triggering the ejection of a shell of material form the star. The stages of a classical nova outburst are outlined along with techniques available to amateur astronomers for study of these phenomena. The author’s equipment and software setup are detailed. Results obtained using a low resolution grating, Schmidt-cassegrain telescope and CCD camera that were acquired while Nova Delphini was in the “fireball stage” 3 and subsequent “iron curtain phase”3 are compared and discussed. Results obtained using a high resolution spectroscope, Schmidt-cassegrain telescope and CCD camera that were acquired during the “lifting of the iron curtain phase”3 are also presented. References 1. Turner, Rebecca. “<span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> - Nova Del 2013” 20 Aug 2013 Web. 8 Sep 2013 <http://www.<span class="hlt">aavso</span>.org/nova-del-2013> 2. Tessier, Francois. “ARAS Spectral Database - Nova-Del-2013” 22 Sep 2013 Web. 22 Sep 2013 <http</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28918767','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28918767"><span>Refractive Index Imaging of Cells with <span class="hlt">Variable</span>-Angle Near-Total <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Reflection (TIR) Microscopy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bohannon, Kevin P; Holz, Ronald W; Axelrod, Daniel</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The refractive index in the interior of single cells affects the evanescent field depth in quantitative studies using total <span class="hlt">internal</span> reflection (TIR) fluorescence, but often that index is not well known. We here present method to measure and spatially map the absolute index of refraction in a microscopic sample, by imaging a collimated light beam reflected from the substrate/buffer/cell interference at <span class="hlt">variable</span> angles of incidence. Above the TIR critical angle (which is a strong function of refractive index), the reflection is 100%, but in the immediate sub-critical angle zone, the reflection intensity is a very strong ascending function of incidence angle. By analyzing the angular position of that edge at each location in the field of view, the local refractive index can be estimated. In addition, by analyzing the steepness of the edge, the distance-to-substrate can be determined. We apply the technique to liquid calibration samples, silica beads, cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, and primary culture chromaffin cells. The optical technique suffers from decremented lateral resolution, scattering, and interference artifacts. However, it still provides reasonable results for both refractive index (~1.38) and for distance-to-substrate (~150 nm) for the cells, as well as a lateral resolution to about 1 µm.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAVSO..44..200C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAVSO..44..200C"><span>Converting Differential Photometry Results to the Standard System using Transform Generator and Transform Applier (Abstract)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ciocca, M.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>(Abstract only) Since Fall of 2014, <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> made available two very useful software tools: transform generator (tg) and transform applier (ta). tg, authored by Gordon Myers (gordonmyers@hotmail.com), is a program, running under python that allows the user to obtain the transformation coefficients of their imaging train. ta, authored by George Silvis, allows users to apply the transformation coefficients obtained previously to their photometric observation. The data so processed become then directly comparable to those of other observers. I will show how to obtain transform coefficient using two Standard Field (M 67 and NGC7790), how consistent the results are and as an application, I will present transformed data for two <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> Target stars, AE UMA and RR CET.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018QSRv..189...31H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018QSRv..189...31H"><span>Punctuated Holocene climate of Vestfirðir, Iceland, linked to <span class="hlt">internal</span>/external <span class="hlt">variables</span> and oceanographic conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Harning, David J.; Geirsdóttir, Áslaug; Miller, Gifford H.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Emerging Holocene paleoclimate datasets point to a non-linear response of Icelandic climate against a background of steady orbital cooling. The Vestfirðir peninsula (NW Iceland) is an ideal target for continued climate reconstructions due to the presence of a small ice cap (Drangajökull) and numerous lakes, which provide two independent means to evaluate existing Icelandic climate records and to constrain the forcing mechanisms behind centennial-scale cold anomalies. Here, we present new evidence for Holocene expansions of Drangajökull based on 14C dates from entombed dead vegetation as well as two continuous Holocene lake sediment records. Lake sediments were analyzed for both bulk physical (MS) and biological (%TOC, δ13C, C/N, and BSi) parameters. Composite BSi and C/N records from the two lakes yield a sub-centennial qualitative perspective on algal (diatom) productivity and terrestrial landscape stability, respectively. The Vestfirðir lake proxies suggest initiation of the Holocene Thermal Maximum by ∼8.8 ka with subsequent and pronounced cooling not apparent until ∼3 ka. Synchronous periods of reduced algal productivity and accelerated landscape instability point to cold anomalies centered at ∼8.2, 6.6, 4.2, 3.3, 2.3, 1.8, 1, and 0.25 ka. Triggers for cold anomalies are linked to <span class="hlt">variable</span> combinations of freshwater pulses, low total solar irradiance, explosive and effusive volcanism, and <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes of climate <span class="hlt">variability</span>, with cooling likely sustained by ocean/sea-ice feedbacks. The climate evolution reflected by our glacial and organic proxy records corresponds closely to marine records from the North Iceland Shelf.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AIPC.1482...15W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AIPC.1482...15W"><span><span class="hlt">International</span> students' enrollment in IPTA by using multilevel analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wai, Phoong Seuk; Ismail, Mohd Tahir; Karim, Samsul Ariffin Abdul</p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>The increases of demand on knowledge-based and production-based market force the growth of higher education. <span class="hlt">International</span> students' enrollment contributes to economic growth and increase country's income, university reputation and name; promote the competitive of education and training markets. This paper used multilevel analysis to study the <span class="hlt">international</span> students' enrollment in Malaysia public university. Student's background <span class="hlt">variables</span> and institution background <span class="hlt">variables</span> were study in this paper and the relationship among them also been investigated. Result shows that institution type is a significance factor on <span class="hlt">international</span> students' enrollment in Malaysia public university.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23945031','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23945031"><span>The clinical evaluation of <span class="hlt">International</span> Normalized Ratio <span class="hlt">variability</span> and control in conventional oral anticoagulant administration by use of the variance growth rate.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ibrahim, S; Jespersen, J; Poller, L</p> <p>2013-08-01</p> <p>The time in target <span class="hlt">International</span> Normalized Ratio (INR) range (TIR) is used to assess the control and intensity of oral anticoagulation, but it does not measure variation in the INR. The value of assessing INR <span class="hlt">variability</span> by use of the variance growth rate (VGR) as a predictor of events was investigated in patients treated with warfarin. Three different methods of VGR determination (A, B1, and B2) together with the TIR were studied. Method A measures both INR <span class="hlt">variability</span> and control, but methods B1 and B2 measure <span class="hlt">variability</span> only. The VGR and TIR were determined over three time periods: overall follow-up to an event, and 6 months and 3 months before an event. Six hundred and sixty-one control patients were matched to 158 cases (bleeding, thromboembolism, or death). With all VGR methods, the risk of an event was greater in unstable patients at 6 months before an event than in stable patients. Method A demonstrated the greatest risk 3 months before an event in the unstable VGR group as compared with the stable group (odds ratio 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.9-5.7, P < 0.005). The risk of an event was 1.9 times greater in patients with a low TIR (< 39%) than in those with a high TIR (> 80%) in the 3-month period (P = 0.02). Risk of bleeding was significantly greater in the 3-month period in patients with unstable VGR, with the greatest risk found with method B2 (P < 0.01). Patients with unstable anticoagulation have a significantly increased risk of 'clinical events' at 3 and 6 months before an event. The VGR can be incorporated into computer-dosage programs, and may offer additional safety when oral anticoagulation is monitored. © 2013 <span class="hlt">International</span> Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819461','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819461"><span>Measuring the surgical 'learning curve': methods, <span class="hlt">variables</span> and competency.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khan, Nuzhath; Abboudi, Hamid; Khan, Mohammed Shamim; Dasgupta, Prokar; Ahmed, Kamran</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>To describe how learning curves are measured and what procedural <span class="hlt">variables</span> are used to establish a 'learning curve' (LC). To assess whether LCs are a valuable measure of competency. A review of the surgical literature pertaining to LCs was conducted using the Medline and OVID databases. <span class="hlt">Variables</span> should be fully defined and when possible, patient-specific <span class="hlt">variables</span> should be used. Trainee's prior experience and level of supervision should be quantified; the case mix and complexity should ideally be constant. Logistic regression may be used to control for confounding <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Ideally, a learning plateau should reach a predefined/expert-derived competency level, which should be fully defined. When the group splitting method is used, smaller cohorts should be used in order to narrow the range of the LC. Simulation technology and competence-based objective assessments may be used in training and assessment in LC studies. Measuring the surgical LC has potential benefits for patient safety and surgical education. However, standardisation in the methods and <span class="hlt">variables</span> used to measure LCs is required. Confounding <span class="hlt">variables</span>, such as participant's prior experience, case mix, difficulty of procedures and level of supervision, should be controlled. Competency and expert performance should be fully defined. © 2013 The Authors. BJU <span class="hlt">International</span> © 2013 BJU <span class="hlt">International</span>.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........71N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........71N"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> state <span class="hlt">variable</span> plasticity-damage modeling of AISI 4140 steel including microstructure-property relations: temperature and strain rate effects</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nacif el Alaoui, Reda</p> <p></p> <p>Mechanical structure-property relations have been quantified for AISI 4140 steel. under different strain rates and temperatures. The structure-property relations were used. to calibrate a microstructure-based <span class="hlt">internal</span> state <span class="hlt">variable</span> plasticity-damage model for. monotonic tension, compression and torsion plasticity, as well as damage evolution. Strong stress state and temperature dependences were observed for the AISI 4140 steel. Tension tests on three different notched Bridgman specimens were undertaken to study. the damage-triaxiality dependence for model validation purposes. Fracture surface. analysis was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to quantify the void. nucleation and void sizes in the different specimens. The stress-strain behavior exhibited. a fairly large applied stress state (tension, compression dependence, and torsion), a. moderate temperature dependence, and a relatively small strain rate dependence.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007A%26A...465..879R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007A%26A...465..879R"><span>High resolution simulations of a <span class="hlt">variable</span> HH jet</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Raga, A. C.; de Colle, F.; Kajdič, P.; Esquivel, A.; Cantó, J.</p> <p>2007-04-01</p> <p>Context: In many papers, the flows in Herbig-Haro (HH) jets have been modeled as collimated outflows with a time-dependent ejection. In particular, a supersonic <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the ejection velocity leads to the production of "<span class="hlt">internal</span> working surfaces" which (for appropriate forms of the time-<span class="hlt">variability</span>) can produce emitting knots that resemble the chains of knots observed along HH jets. Aims: In this paper, we present axisymmetric simulations of an "<span class="hlt">internal</span> working surface" in a radiative jet (produced by an ejection velocity <span class="hlt">variability</span>). We concentrate on a given parameter set (i.e., on a jet with a constante ejection density, and a sinusoidal velocity <span class="hlt">variability</span> with a 20 yr period and a 40 km s-1 half-amplitude), and carry out a study of the behaviour of the solution for increasing numerical resolutions. Methods: In our simulations, we solve the gasdynamic equations together with a 17-species atomic/ionic network, and we are therefore able to compute emission coefficients for different emission lines. Results: We compute 3 adaptive grid simulations, with 20, 163 and 1310 grid points (at the highest grid resolution) across the initial jet radius. From these simulations we see that successively more complex structures are obtained for increasing numerical resolutions. Such an effect is seen in the stratifications of the flow <span class="hlt">variables</span> as well as in the predicted emission line intensity maps. Conclusions: .We find that while the detailed structure of an <span class="hlt">internal</span> working surface depends on resolution, the predicted emission line luminosities (integrated over the volume of the working surface) are surprisingly stable. This is definitely good news for the future computation of predictions from radiative jet models for carrying out comparisons with observations of HH objects.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989JAVSO..18...52P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989JAVSO..18...52P"><span>A Method for Transferring Photoelectric Photometry Data from Apple II+ to IBM PC</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Powell, Harry D.; Miller, James R.; Stephenson, Kipp</p> <p>1989-06-01</p> <p>A method is presented for transferring photoelectric photometry data files from an Apple II computer to an IBM PC computer in a form which is compatible with the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> Photoelectric Photometry data collection process.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JGRD..120.8621S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JGRD..120.8621S"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of fine-scale components of meteorological fields in extended-range limited-area model simulations with atmospheric and surface nudging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Separovic, Leo; Husain, Syed Zahid; Yu, Wei</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> (IV) in dynamical downscaling with limited-area models (LAMs) represents a source of error inherent to the downscaled fields, which originates from the sensitive dependence of the models to arbitrarily small modifications. If IV is large it may impose the need for probabilistic verification of the downscaled information. Atmospheric spectral nudging (ASN) can reduce IV in LAMs as it constrains the large-scale components of LAM fields in the interior of the computational domain and thus prevents any considerable penetration of sensitively dependent deviations into the range of large scales. Using initial condition ensembles, the present study quantifies the impact of ASN on IV in LAM simulations in the range of fine scales that are not controlled by spectral nudging. Four simulation configurations that all include strong ASN but differ in the nudging settings are considered. In the fifth configuration, grid nudging of land surface <span class="hlt">variables</span> toward high-resolution surface analyses is applied. The results show that the IV at scales larger than 300 km can be suppressed by selecting an appropriate ASN setup. At scales between 300 and 30 km, however, in all configurations, the hourly near-surface temperature, humidity, and winds are only partly reproducible. Nudging the land surface <span class="hlt">variables</span> is found to have the potential to significantly reduce IV, particularly for fine-scale temperature and humidity. On the other hand, hourly precipitation accumulations at these scales are generally irreproducible in all configurations, and probabilistic approach to downscaling is therefore recommended.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ysc..conf...49G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ysc..conf...49G"><span>Multicolor Observations of ASAS 002511+1217.2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Golovin, Alex; Price, Aaron; Templeton, Matthew; Cook, Lewis; Crawford, Timothy; Henden, Arne; James, Robert; Koppelman, Michael; Nelson, Peter Robert; Oksanen, Arto; Pavlenko, Elena; Pickard, Roger; Quinn, Nick; Starkey, Don Ray</p> <p>2005-04-01</p> <p>ASAS 002511+1217.2 is a newly discovered cataclysmic <span class="hlt">variable</span> in Pisces constellation. It was discovered by G. Pojmanski and the ASAS-3 survey on 11.203 (UT) Sept., 2004. The new <span class="hlt">variable</span> is within the uncertainly boundaries of RX J0025.1+1217, 1RXS J002510.8+121725, 2MASS J00251111+1217121. The <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> has collected 31839 CCD observations of ASAS 002511+1217.2 over a 55 day period following its outburst. This is CCD-lightcurve, based on our observations. The errors depend on the observer, but typically can be estimated to be +/- 0.02 for CCD observations. It is interesting to note that so-called an echo-outburst occurred, reaching a maximum at 20 days after super-outburst' maximum. Before combining data for statistical analysis, each observer's data set was individually transformed to an uniform zero-point by subtracting a linear fit from each night's observations. This was done so that we could remove the overall trend of outburst, and to combine all observations into a single data set. The analysis of CCD observations by the Lalfer-Kinman method has enabled us to show the presence of the 0.05701 period of superhumps. The periodogram presents the peak, which corresponds to the mentioned period. This figure shows an example superhump phase diagram with the estimated period. As an example of the superhump profile, we plotted on the phase diagram the superhumps, observed on 20 Sept., by Elena Pavlenko at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. The results of this observing-campaign were recently published at 4th of March in Informational Bulletin on <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Stars of the <span class="hlt">International</span> Astronomical Union at 5611 issue.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554354','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554354"><span><span class="hlt">Internalized</span> stigma and its psychosocial correlates in Korean patients with serious mental illness.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Woo Jung; Song, Youn Joo; Ryu, Hyun-Sook; Ryu, Vin; Kim, Jae Min; Ha, Ra Yeon; Lee, Su Jin; Namkoong, Kee; Ha, Kyooseob; Cho, Hyun-Sang</p> <p>2015-02-28</p> <p>We aimed to examine <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma of patients with mental illness in Korea and identify the contributing factors to <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma among socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial <span class="hlt">variables</span> using a cross-sectional study design. A total of 160 patients were recruited from a university mental hospital. We collected socio-demographic data, clinical <span class="hlt">variables</span> and administered self-report scales to measure <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma and levels of self-esteem, hopelessness, social support, and social conflict. <span class="hlt">Internalized</span> stigma was identified in 8.1% of patients in our sample. High <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma was independently predicted by low self-esteem, high hopelessness, and high social conflict among the psychosocial <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Our finding suggests that simple psychoeducation only for insight gaining cannot improve <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma. To manage <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma in mentally ill patients, it is needed to promote hope and self-esteem. We also suggest that a relevant psychosocial intervention, such as developing coping skills for social conflict with family, can help patients overcome their <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20101250','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20101250"><span><span class="hlt">International</span> spinal cord injury cardiovascular function basic data set.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Krassioukov, A; Alexander, M S; Karlsson, A-K; Donovan, W; Mathias, C J; Biering-Sørensen, F</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>To create an <span class="hlt">International</span> Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Cardiovascular Function Basic Data Set within the framework of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Data Sets. An <span class="hlt">international</span> working group. The draft of the data set was developed by a working group comprising members appointed by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), the <span class="hlt">International</span> Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) and a representative of the executive committee of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Standards and Data Sets. The final version of the data set was developed after review by members of the executive committee of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Standards and Data Sets, the ISCoS scientific committee, ASIA board, relevant and interested <span class="hlt">international</span> organizations and societies, individual persons with specific interest and the ISCoS Council. To make the data set uniform, each <span class="hlt">variable</span> and each response category within each <span class="hlt">variable</span> have been specifically defined in a way that is designed to promote the collection and reporting of comparable minimal data. The <span class="hlt">variables</span> included in the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Cardiovascular Function Basic Data Set include the following items: date of data collection, cardiovascular history before the spinal cord lesion, events related to cardiovascular function after the spinal cord lesion, cardiovascular function after the spinal cord lesion, medications affecting cardiovascular function on the day of examination; and objective measures of cardiovascular functions, including time of examination, position of examination, pulse and blood pressure. The complete instructions for data collection and the data sheet itself are freely available on the websites of both ISCoS (http://www.iscos.org.uk) and ASIA (http://www.asia-spinalinjury.org).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title26-vol6/pdf/CFR-2010-title26-vol6-sec1-467-5.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title26-vol6/pdf/CFR-2010-title26-vol6-sec1-467-5.pdf"><span>26 CFR 1.467-5 - Section 467 rental agreements with <span class="hlt">variable</span> interest.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 26 <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Revenue 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Section 467 rental agreements with <span class="hlt">variable</span> interest. 1.467-5 Section 1.467-5 <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Revenue <span class="hlt">INTERNAL</span> REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Taxable Year for Which Deductions Taken § 1.467-5 Section 467...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21450993-fast-optical-variability-naked-eye-burst-manifestation-periodic-activity-internal-engine','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21450993-fast-optical-variability-naked-eye-burst-manifestation-periodic-activity-internal-engine"><span>FAST OPTICAL <span class="hlt">VARIABILITY</span> OF A NAKED-EYE BURST-MANIFESTATION OF THE PERIODIC ACTIVITY OF AN <span class="hlt">INTERNAL</span> ENGINE</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Beskin, G.; Karpov, S.; Bondar, S.</p> <p></p> <p>We imaged the position of the naked-eye burst, GRB080319B, before, during, and after its gamma-ray activity with sub-second temporal resolution using the TORTORA wide-field camera. The burst optical prompt emission, which reached 5.3 mag, has been detected, and its periodic optical <span class="hlt">variability</span> has been discovered in the form of four equidistant flashes with a duration of several seconds. We also detected a strong correlation (r {approx} 0.82) between optical and gamma-ray light curves with a 2 s delay of the optical emission with respect to the gamma-ray emission. The revealed temporal structure of the optical light curve in comparison withmore » the gamma-ray light curve can be interpreted in the framework of the model of shell collisions in the ejecta containing a significant neutron component. All observed emission features reflect the non-stationary behavior of the burst <span class="hlt">internal</span> engine-supposedly, a hyperaccreting solar-mass black hole formed in the collapse of a massive stellar core.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28803526','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28803526"><span>Familiarity and Within-Person Facial <span class="hlt">Variability</span>: The Importance of the <span class="hlt">Internal</span> and External Features.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kramer, Robin S S; Manesi, Zoi; Towler, Alice; Reynolds, Michael G; Burton, A Mike</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>As faces become familiar, we come to rely more on their <span class="hlt">internal</span> features for recognition and matching tasks. Here, we assess whether this same pattern is also observed for a card sorting task. Participants sorted photos showing either the full face, only the <span class="hlt">internal</span> features, or only the external features into multiple piles, one pile per identity. In Experiments 1 and 2, we showed the standard advantage for familiar faces-sorting was more accurate and showed very few errors in comparison with unfamiliar faces. However, for both familiar and unfamiliar faces, sorting was less accurate for external features and equivalent for <span class="hlt">internal</span> and full faces. In Experiment 3, we asked whether external features can ever be used to make an accurate sort. Using familiar faces and instructions on the number of identities present, we nevertheless found worse performance for the external in comparison with the <span class="hlt">internal</span> features, suggesting that less identity information was available in the former. Taken together, we show that full faces and <span class="hlt">internal</span> features are similarly informative with regard to identity. In comparison, external features contain less identity information and produce worse card sorting performance. This research extends current thinking on the shift in focus, both in attention and importance, toward the <span class="hlt">internal</span> features and away from the external features as familiarity with a face increases.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.7851B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.7851B"><span>First Year Observations of Antarctic Circumpolar Current <span class="hlt">Variability</span> and <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Wave Activity from the DIMES Mooring Array</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brearley, J. A.; Sheen, K. L.; Naveira-Garabato, A. C.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>A key component of DIMES (Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean) is the deployment of a two-year cross-shaped mooring array in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the east of Drake Passage close to 57°W. Motivation for the cluster arises from the need to understand how eddies dissipate in the Southern Ocean, and specifically how much energy is extracted from the mesoscale by breaking <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves, which in turn leads to turbulent mixing. The location of the mooring cluster was chosen to fulfil these objectives, being situated in a region of pronounced finestructure with high eddy kinetic energy and rough topography. The array, comprising 34 current meters and Microcats and a downward-looking ADCP, was first deployed in December 2009 and serviced in December 2010. Time series of current meter results from the most heavily-instrumented 'C' mooring indicate that a strong (up to 80 cms-1) surface-intensified north-eastward directed ACC occupies the region for most of the year, with over 85% of the <span class="hlt">variability</span> in current speed being accounted for by equivalent barotropic fluctuations. A strong mean poleward heat flux is observed at the site, which compares favourably in magnitude with literature results from other ACC locations. Interestingly, four episodes of mid-depth (~2000 m) current speed maxima, each of a few days duration, were found during the 360-day time series, a situation also observed by the lowered ADCP during mooring servicing in December 2010. Early results indicate that these episodes, which coincide with time minima in stratification close to 2000 m, could profoundly influence the nature of eddy-<span class="hlt">internal</span> wave interactions at these times. Quantification of the energy budget at the mooring cluster has been a key priority. When compared with previous moorings located in Drake Passage (Bryden, 1977), a near threefold-increase in mean eddy kinetic energy (EKE) is observed despite a small reduction in the mean kinetic energy</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930055705&hterms=displacement+internal&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Ddisplacement%2Binternal','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930055705&hterms=displacement+internal&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Ddisplacement%2Binternal"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> vibrations of a molecule consisting of rigid segments. I - Non-interacting <span class="hlt">internal</span> vibrations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>He, X. M.; Craven, B. M.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>For molecular crystals, a procedure is proposed for interpreting experimentally determined atomic mean square anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs) in terms of the overall molecular vibration together with <span class="hlt">internal</span> vibrations with the assumption that the molecule consists of a set of linked rigid segments. The <span class="hlt">internal</span> librations (molecular torsional or bending modes) are described using the <span class="hlt">variable</span> <span class="hlt">internal</span> coordinates of the segmented body. With this procedure, the experimental ADPs obtained from crystal structure determinations involving six small molecules (sym-trinitrobenzene, adenosine, tetra-cyanoquinodimethane, benzamide, alpha-cyanoacetic acid hydrazide and N-acetyl-L-tryptophan methylamide) have been analyzed. As a consequence, vibrational corrections to the bond lengths and angles of the molecule are calculated as well as the frequencies and force constants for each <span class="hlt">internal</span> torsional or bending vibration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19030013','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19030013"><span><span class="hlt">International</span> urinary tract imaging basic spinal cord injury data set.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Biering-Sørensen, F; Craggs, M; Kennelly, M; Schick, E; Wyndaele, J-J</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>To create an <span class="hlt">International</span> Urinary Tract Imaging Basic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Data Set within the framework of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Data Sets. An <span class="hlt">international</span> working group. The draft of the Data Set was developed by a working group comprising members appointed by the Neurourology Committee of the <span class="hlt">International</span> Continence Society, the European Association of Urology, the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), the <span class="hlt">International</span> Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) and a representative of the Executive Committee of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Standards and Data Sets. The final version of the Data Set was developed after review and comments by members of the Executive Committee of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Standards and Data Sets, the ISCoS Scientific Committee, ASIA Board, relevant and interested <span class="hlt">international</span> organizations and societies (around 40), individual persons with specific expertise and the ISCoS Council. Endorsement of the Data Sets by relevant organizations and societies will be obtained. To make the Data Set uniform, each <span class="hlt">variable</span> and each response category within each <span class="hlt">variable</span> have been specifically defined in a way that is designed to promote the collection and reporting of comparable minimal data. The <span class="hlt">variables</span> included in the <span class="hlt">International</span> Urinary Tract Imaging Basic SCI Data Set are the results obtained using the following investigations: intravenous pyelography or computer tomography urogram or ultrasound, X-ray, renography, clearance, cystogram, voiding cystogram or micturition cystourogram or videourodynamics. The complete instructions for data collection and the data sheet itself are freely available on the websites of both ISCoS (http://www.iscos.org.uk) and ASIA (http://www.asia-spinalinjury.org).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPC54C2279D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPC54C2279D"><span>Can unforced radiative <span class="hlt">variability</span> explain the "hiatus"?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Donohoe, A.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>The paradox of the "hiatus" is characterized as a decade long period over which global mean surface temperature remained relatively constant even though greenhouse forcing forcing is believed to have been positive and increasing. Explanations of the hiatus have focused on two primary lines of thought: 1. There was a net radiative imbalance at the top of atmosphere (TOA) but this energy input was stored in the ocean without increasing surface temperature or 2. There was no radiative imbalance at the TOA because the greenhouse forcing was offset by other climate forcings. Here, we explore a third hypothesis: that there was no TOA radiative imbalance over the decade due to unforced, natural modes of radiative <span class="hlt">variability</span> that are unrelated to global mean temperature. Is it possible that the Earth could emit enough radiation to offset greenhouse forcing without increasing its temperature due to <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes of climate <span class="hlt">variability</span>? Global mean TOA energy imbalance is estimated to be 0.65 W m-2 as determined from the long term change in ocean heat content - where the majority of the energy imbalance is stored. Therefore, in order to offset this TOA energy imbalance natural modes of radiative <span class="hlt">variability</span> with amplitudes of order 0.5 W m-2 at the decadal timescale are required. We demonstrate that unforced coupled climate models have global mean radiative <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the required magnitude (2 standard deviations of 0.57 W m-2 in the inter-model mean) and that the vast majority (>90%) of this <span class="hlt">variability</span> is unrelated to surface temperature radiative feedbacks. However, much of this <span class="hlt">variability</span> is at shorter (monthly and annual) timescales and does not persist from year to year making the possibility of a decade long natural interruption of the energy accumulation in the climate system unlikely due to natural radiative <span class="hlt">variability</span> alone given the magnitude of the greenhouse forcing on Earth. Comparison to observed satellite data suggest the models capture the magnitude</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JBAA..121..203S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JBAA..121..203S"><span>Félix de Roy: a life of <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shears, J.</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>Félix de Roy (1883-1942), an <span class="hlt">internationally</span> recognised amateur astronomer, made significant contributions to <span class="hlt">variable</span> star research. As an active observer, he made some 91,000 visual estimates of a number of different <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars. A Belgian national, he took refuge in England during World War I. While there, de Roy became well enough known to serve later as Director of the BAA <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Section for seventeen years. Through this office, and his connections with other organisations around the world, he encouraged others to pursue the observation of <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars. Not merely content to accumulate observational data, de Roy also analysed the data and published numerous papers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAN...351....1H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAN...351....1H"><span>Campaign for a New Eclipsing Cepheid</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Henden, Arne; Welch, Doug; Terrell, Dirk</p> <p>2007-06-01</p> <p>ASAS 182611+1212.6, discovered by Pojmanski et al. during the ASAS survey, independently discovered by Antipin at al. on Moscow archive plates, and found in the NSVS (Wozniak et al. 2004, AJ 127, 2436), was initially classified as a typical Type II Cepheid with a period of 4.1523 days. However, scatter in the light curve indicated possible multiperiodic behavior. After 3 years of CCD observations by Antipin, the system was seen to exhibit eclipses of period 51.38 days and amplitude about 0.3 mag (primary) and possibly about 0.2 mag (secondary). This is the first known glactic eclipsing binary Cepheid. The <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> is conducting a campaign to study this star via high-precision, multicolor photometry obtained over several eclipse cycles. Observers are requested to obtain multicolor photometry with a S/N=100 or better on every image. Time resolution of one hour is adequate, so cycling through the filters need not be rushed. Apply transformation coefficients when possible. For calculating ephemerides, the pulsational maximum occurred on HJD 2453196.529 with a period of 4.1523 days; the eclipse primary minimum occurred on HJD 2453571.36 with a period of 51.38 days. The next primary eclipse will occur around July 9, but these eclipses are several days wide. A finding chart may be found at http://www.<span class="hlt">aavso</span>.org/observing/charts/vsp (enter ASAS182612 for its name, or use the coordinates) with suitable comparison stars marked. Report/upload observations to the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAVSO..43..238S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JAVSO..43..238S"><span>Recent Minima of 171 Eclipsing Binary Stars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Samolyk, G.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>This paper continues the publication of times of minima for 171 eclipsing binary stars from observations reported to the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> EB section. Times of minima from observations received by the author from March 2015 thru October 2015 are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.2487W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.2487W"><span>Disentangling Global Warming, Multidecadal <span class="hlt">Variability</span>, and El Niño in Pacific Temperatures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wills, Robert C.; Schneider, Tapio; Wallace, John M.; Battisti, David S.; Hartmann, Dennis L.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>A key challenge in climate science is to separate observed temperature changes into components due to <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> and responses to external forcing. Extended integrations of forced and unforced climate models are often used for this purpose. Here we demonstrate a novel method to separate modes of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> from global warming based on differences in time scale and spatial pattern, without relying on climate models. We identify uncorrelated components of Pacific sea surface temperature <span class="hlt">variability</span> due to global warming, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Our results give statistical representations of PDO and ENSO that are consistent with their being separate processes, operating on different time scales, but are otherwise consistent with canonical definitions. We isolate the multidecadal <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the PDO and find that it is confined to midlatitudes; tropical sea surface temperatures and their teleconnections mix in higher-frequency <span class="hlt">variability</span>. This implies that midlatitude PDO anomalies are more persistent than previously thought.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=international+AND+contracts&pg=3&id=EJ845098','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=international+AND+contracts&pg=3&id=EJ845098"><span>An Investigation into Teacher Turnover in <span class="hlt">International</span> Schools</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Odland, Glenn; Ruzicka, Mary</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>This study explored expatriate teacher turnover in <span class="hlt">international</span> schools. Two hundred and eighty-one <span class="hlt">international</span> teachers completed a questionnaire identifying which <span class="hlt">variables</span> influenced their decision to leave at the end of their first contract. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, this study revealed that three causal factors were…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950021611','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950021611"><span>Robust integration schemes for generalized viscoplasticity with <span class="hlt">internal</span>-state <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Part 2: Algorithmic developments and implementation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Li, Wei; Saleeb, Atef F.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>This two-part report is concerned with the development of a general framework for the implicit time-stepping integrators for the flow and evolution equations in generalized viscoplastic models. The primary goal is to present a complete theoretical formulation, and to address in detail the algorithmic and numerical analysis aspects involved in its finite element implementation, as well as to critically assess the numerical performance of the developed schemes in a comprehensive set of test cases. On the theoretical side, the general framework is developed on the basis of the unconditionally-stable, backward-Euler difference scheme as a starting point. Its mathematical structure is of sufficient generality to allow a unified treatment of different classes of viscoplastic models with <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span>. In particular, two specific models of this type, which are representative of the present start-of-art in metal viscoplasticity, are considered in applications reported here; i.e., fully associative (GVIPS) and non-associative (NAV) models. The matrix forms developed for both these models are directly applicable for both initially isotropic and anisotropic materials, in general (three-dimensional) situations as well as subspace applications (i.e., plane stress/strain, axisymmetric, generalized plane stress in shells). On the computational side, issues related to efficiency and robustness are emphasized in developing the (local) interative algorithm. In particular, closed-form expressions for residual vectors and (consistent) material tangent stiffness arrays are given explicitly for both GVIPS and NAV models, with their maximum sizes 'optimized' to depend only on the number of independent stress components (but independent of the number of viscoplastic <span class="hlt">internal</span> state parameters). Significant robustness of the local iterative solution is provided by complementing the basic Newton-Raphson scheme with a line-search strategy for convergence. In the present second part of</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950021610','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950021610"><span>Robust integration schemes for generalized viscoplasticity with <span class="hlt">internal</span>-state <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Part 1: Theoretical developments and applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Saleeb, Atef F.; Li, Wei</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>This two-part report is concerned with the development of a general framework for the implicit time-stepping integrators for the flow and evolution equations in generalized viscoplastic models. The primary goal is to present a complete theoretical formulation, and to address in detail the algorithmic and numerical analysis aspects involved in its finite element implementation, as well as to critically assess the numerical performance of the developed schemes in a comprehensive set of test cases. On the theoretical side, the general framework is developed on the basis of the unconditionally-stable, backward-Euler difference scheme as a starting point. Its mathematical structure is of sufficient generality to allow a unified treatment of different classes of viscoplastic models with <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span>. In particular, two specific models of this type, which are representative of the present start-of-art in metal viscoplasticity, are considered in applications reported here; i.e., fully associative (GVIPS) and non-associative (NAV) models. The matrix forms developed for both these models are directly applicable for both initially isotropic and anisotropic materials, in general (three-dimensional) situations as well as subspace applications (i.e., plane stress/strain, axisymmetric, generalized plane stress in shells). On the computational side, issues related to efficiency and robustness are emphasized in developing the (local) interative algorithm. In particular, closed-form expressions for residual vectors and (consistent) material tangent stiffness arrays are given explicitly for both GVIPS and NAV models, with their maximum sizes 'optimized' to depend only on the number of independent stress components (but independent of the number of viscoplastic <span class="hlt">internal</span> state parameters). Significant robustness of the local iterative solution is provided by complementing the basic Newton-Raphson scheme with a line-search strategy for convergence. In the present first part of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3153835','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3153835"><span>Time-Referenced Effects of an <span class="hlt">Internal</span> vs. External Focus of Attention on Muscular Activity and Compensatory <span class="hlt">Variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hossner, Ernst-Joachim; Ehrlenspiel, Felix</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The paralysis-by-analysis phenomenon, i.e., attending to the execution of one's movement impairs performance, has gathered a lot of attention over recent years (see Wulf, 2007, for a review). Explanations of this phenomenon, e.g., the hypotheses of constrained action (Wulf et al., 2001) or of step-by-step execution (Masters, 1992; Beilock et al., 2002), however, do not refer to the level of underlying mechanisms on the level of sensorimotor control. For this purpose, a “nodal-point hypothesis” is presented here with the core assumption that skilled motor behavior is <span class="hlt">internally</span> based on sensorimotor chains of nodal points, that attending to intermediate nodal points leads to a muscular re-freezing of the motor system at exactly and exclusively these points in time, and that this re-freezing is accompanied by the disruption of compensatory processes, resulting in an overall decrease of motor performance. Two experiments, on lever sequencing and basketball free throws, respectively, are reported that successfully tested these time-referenced predictions, i.e., showing that muscular activity is selectively increased and compensatory <span class="hlt">variability</span> selectively decreased at movement-related nodal points if these points are in the focus of attention. PMID:21833285</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010vsgh.conf...15S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010vsgh.conf...15S"><span><span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Catalogs: Their Past, Present and Future</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Samus, N. N.; Kazarovets, E. V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E. N.; Durlevich, O. V.</p> <p>2010-02-01</p> <p>After the second World War, the <span class="hlt">International</span> Astronomical Union made astronomers of the Soviet Union responsible for <span class="hlt">variable</span>-star catalogues. This work has been continued ever since the first edition of the General Catalogue of <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Stars compiled by the team headed by P. P. Parenago and B. V. Kukarkin and published in 1948. Currently, the catalogue work is a joint project of the Institute of Astronomy (Russian Academy of Sciences) and Sternberg Astronomical Institute (Moscow University). This paper is a brief review of recent trends in the field of <span class="hlt">variable</span>-star catalogues. We discuss problems as well as new prospects related to modern large-scale automatic photometric sky surveys, and outline the state of discussions on the future of the <span class="hlt">variable</span>-star catalogues in the profile commissions of the IAU.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..44.7945D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..44.7945D"><span>The relative contributions of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures and atmospheric <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> to the recent global warming hiatus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Deser, Clara; Guo, Ruixia; Lehner, Flavio</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>The recent slowdown in global mean surface temperature (GMST) warming during boreal winter is examined from a regional perspective using 10-member initial-condition ensembles with two global coupled climate models in which observed tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (TPAC SSTAs) and radiative forcings are specified. Both models show considerable diversity in their surface air temperature (SAT) trend patterns across the members, attesting to the importance of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> beyond the tropical Pacific that is superimposed upon the response to TPAC SSTA and radiative forcing. Only one model shows a close relationship between the realism of its simulated GMST trends and SAT trend patterns. In this model, Eurasian cooling plays a dominant role in determining the GMST trend amplitude, just as in nature. In the most realistic member, intrinsic atmospheric dynamics and teleconnections forced by TPAC SSTA cause cooling over Eurasia (and North America), and contribute equally to its GMST trend.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Geomo.304...40T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Geomo.304...40T"><span>Climate change and water table fluctuation: Implications for raised bog surface <span class="hlt">variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Taminskas, Julius; Linkevičienė, Rita; Šimanauskienė, Rasa; Jukna, Laurynas; Kibirkštis, Gintautas; Tamkevičiūtė, Marija</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Cyclic peatland surface <span class="hlt">variability</span> is influenced by hydrological conditions that highly depend on climate and/or anthropogenic activities. A low water level leads to a decrease of peatland surface and an increase of C emissions into the atmosphere, whereas a high water level leads to an increase of peatland surface and carbon sequestration in peatlands. The main aim of this article is to evaluate the influence of hydrometeorological conditions toward the peatland surface and its feedback toward the water regime. A regional survey of the raised bog water table fluctuation and surface <span class="hlt">variability</span> was made in one of the largest peatlands in Lithuania. Two appropriate indicators for different peatland surface <span class="hlt">variability</span> periods (increase and decrease) were detected. The first one is an 200 mm y- 1 average net rainfall over a three-year range. The second one is an average annual water depth of 25-30 cm. The application of these indicators enabled the reconstruction of Čepkeliai peatland surface <span class="hlt">variability</span> during a 100 year period. Processes of peatland surface <span class="hlt">variability</span> differ in time and in separate parts of peatland. Therefore, <span class="hlt">internal</span> subbasins in peatland are formed. Subbasins involve autogenic processes that can later affect their <span class="hlt">internal</span> hydrology, nutrient status, and vegetation succession. <span class="hlt">Internal</span> hydrological conditions, surface fluctuation, and vegetation succession in peatland subbasins should be taken into account during evaluation of their state, nature management projects, and other peatland research works.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=psychological+AND+contract&pg=4&id=EJ974266','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=psychological+AND+contract&pg=4&id=EJ974266"><span>Conversion Intentions of <span class="hlt">Interns</span>: What Are the Motivating Factors?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hurst, Jessica L.; Good, Linda K.; Gardner, Phil</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate <span class="hlt">interns</span>' supervisory support expectations, psychological contract obligations, job satisfaction, perception of advancement opportunities and affective organisational commitment in an attempt to gain a better understanding of how these <span class="hlt">variables</span> influence <span class="hlt">interns</span>' conversion intentions.…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9715096','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9715096"><span>Heart period <span class="hlt">variability</span> and psychopathology in urban boys at risk for delinquency.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pine, D S; Wasserman, G A; Miller, L; Coplan, J D; Bagiella, E; Kovelenku, P; Myers, M M; Sloan, R P</p> <p>1998-09-01</p> <p>To examine associations between heart period <span class="hlt">variability</span> (HPV) and psychopathology in young urban boys at risk for delinquency, a series of 697-11-year-old younger brothers of adjudicated delinquents received a standardized psychiatric evaluation and an assessment of heart period <span class="hlt">variability</span> (HPV). Psychiatric symptoms were rated in two domains: externalizing and <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> psychopathology. Continuous measures of both externalizing and <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> psychopathology were associated with reductions in HPV components related to parasympathetic activity. These associations could not be explained by a number of potentially confounding <span class="hlt">variables</span>, such as age, ethnicity, social class, body size, or family history of hypertension. Although familial hypertension predicted reduced HPV and externalizing psychopathology, associations between externalizing psychopathology and HPV were independent of familial hypertension. Psychiatric symptoms are associated with reduced HPV in young urban boys at risk for delinquency.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=335455&keyword=WILL+AND+ADVANCE&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=335455&keyword=WILL+AND+ADVANCE&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Emerging Approaches and Opportunities to inform <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Dosimetry and Inter-individual <span class="hlt">Variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>This talk provided an update to EPA ORD scientists and program officers about planned research within the Chemical Safety for Sustainability program to address chemical toxicokinetics and strategies to understand better the range of <span class="hlt">variability</span> across different populations and li...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21051128','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21051128"><span>Correlates and consequences of <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma for people living with mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Livingston, James D; Boyd, Jennifer E</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>An expansive body of research has investigated the experiences and adverse consequences of <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma for people with mental illness. This article provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the extant research regarding the empirical relationship between <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma and a range of sociodemographic, psychosocial, and psychiatric <span class="hlt">variables</span> for people who live with mental illness. An exhaustive review of the research literature was performed on all articles published in English that assessed a statistical relationship between <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma and at least one other <span class="hlt">variable</span> for adults who live with mental illness. In total, 127 articles met the inclusion criteria for systematic review, of which, data from 45 articles were extracted for meta-analyses. None of the sociodemographic <span class="hlt">variables</span> that were included in the study were consistently or strongly correlated with levels of <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma. The review uncovered a striking and robust negative relationship between <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma and a range of psychosocial <span class="hlt">variables</span> (e.g., hope, self-esteem, and empowerment). Regarding psychiatric <span class="hlt">variables</span>, <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma was positively associated with psychiatric symptom severity and negatively associated with treatment adherence. The review draws attention to the lack of longitudinal research in this area of study which has inhibited the clinical relevance of findings related to <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma. The study also highlights the need for greater attention on disentangling the true nature of the relationship between <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma and other psychosocial <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994pata.reptQ....A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994pata.reptQ....A"><span><span class="hlt">Variable</span> stiffness torsion springs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alhorn, Dean C.; Polites, Michael E.</p> <p>1994-05-01</p> <p>In a torsion spring the spring action is a result of the relationships between the torque applied in twisting the spring, the angle through which the torsion spring twists, and the modulus of elasticity of the spring material in shear. Torsion springs employed industrially have been strips, rods, or bars, generally termed shafts, capabable of being flexed by twisting their axes. They rely on the variations in shearing forces to furnish an <span class="hlt">internal</span> restoring torque. In the torsion springs herein the restoring torque is external and therefore independent of the shearing modulus of elasticity of the torsion spring shaft. Also provided herein is a <span class="hlt">variable</span> stiffness torsion spring. This torsion spring can be so adjusted as to have a given spring constant. Such <span class="hlt">variable</span> stiffness torsion springs are extremely useful in gimballed payloads such as sensors, telescopes, and electronic devices on such platforms as a space shuttle or a space station.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960000699','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960000699"><span><span class="hlt">Variable</span> stiffness torsion springs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Alhorn, Dean C. (Inventor); Polites, Michael E. (Inventor)</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>In a torsion spring the spring action is a result of the relationships between the torque applied in twisting the spring, the angle through which the torsion spring twists, and the modulus of elasticity of the spring material in shear. Torsion springs employed industrially have been strips, rods, or bars, generally termed shafts, capabable of being flexed by twisting their axes. They rely on the variations in shearing forces to furnish an <span class="hlt">internal</span> restoring torque. In the torsion springs herein the restoring torque is external and therefore independent of the shearing modulus of elasticity of the torsion spring shaft. Also provided herein is a <span class="hlt">variable</span> stiffness torsion spring. This torsion spring can be so adjusted as to have a given spring constant. Such <span class="hlt">variable</span> stiffness torsion springs are extremely useful in gimballed payloads such as sensors, telescopes, and electronic devices on such platforms as a space shuttle or a space station.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995msfc.rept.....A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995msfc.rept.....A"><span><span class="hlt">Variable</span> stiffness torsion springs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alhorn, Dean C.; Polites, Michael E.</p> <p>1995-08-01</p> <p>In a torsion spring the spring action is a result of the relationships between the torque applied in twisting the spring, the angle through which the torsion spring twists, and the modulus of elasticity of the spring material in shear. Torsion springs employed industrially have been strips, rods, or bars, generally termed shafts, capabable of being flexed by twisting their axes. They rely on the variations in shearing forces to furnish an <span class="hlt">internal</span> restoring torque. In the torsion springs herein the restoring torque is external and therefore independent of the shearing modulus of elasticity of the torsion spring shaft. Also provided herein is a <span class="hlt">variable</span> stiffness torsion spring. This torsion spring can be so adjusted as to have a given spring constant. Such <span class="hlt">variable</span> stiffness torsion springs are extremely useful in gimballed payloads such as sensors, telescopes, and electronic devices on such platforms as a space shuttle or a space station.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940032275','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940032275"><span><span class="hlt">Variable</span> stiffness torsion springs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Alhorn, Dean C. (Inventor); Polites, Michael E. (Inventor)</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>In a torsion spring the spring action is a result of the relationships between the torque applied in twisting the spring, the angle through which the torsion spring twists, and the modulus of elasticity of the spring material in shear. Torsion springs employed industrially have been strips, rods, or bars, generally termed shafts, capabable of being flexed by twisting their axes. They rely on the variations in shearing forces to furnish an <span class="hlt">internal</span> restoring torque. In the torsion springs herein the restoring torque is external and therefore independent of the shearing modulus of elasticity of the torsion spring shaft. Also provided herein is a <span class="hlt">variable</span> stiffness torsion spring. This torsion spring can be so adjusted as to have a given spring constant. Such <span class="hlt">variable</span> stiffness torsion springs are extremely useful in gimballed payloads such as sensors, telescopes, and electronic devices on such platforms as a space shuttle or a space station.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26046969','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26046969"><span>Influence of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> and External Noise on Spontaneous Visuomotor Synchronization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Varlet, Manuel; Schmidt, R C; Richardson, Michael J</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Historically, movement noise or <span class="hlt">variability</span> is considered to be an undesirable property of biological motor systems. In particular, noise is typically assumed to degrade the emergence and stability of rhythmic motor synchronization. Recently, however, it has been suggested that small levels of noise might actually improve the functioning of motor systems and facilitate their adaptation to environmental events. Here, the authors investigated whether noise can facilitate spontaneous rhythmic visuomotor synchronization. They examined the influence of <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise in the rhythmic limb movements of participants and external noise in the movement of an oscillating visual stimulus on the occurrence of spontaneous synchronization. By indexing the natural frequency <span class="hlt">variability</span> of participants and manipulating the frequency <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the visual stimulus, the authors demonstrated that both <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external noise degrade synchronization when the participants' and stimulus movement frequencies are similar, but can actually facilitate synchronization when the frequencies are different. Furthermore, the two kinds of noise interact with each other. <span class="hlt">Internal</span> noise facilitates synchronization only when external noise is minimal and vice versa. Too much <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external noise together degrades synchronization. These findings open new perspectives for better understanding the role of noise in human rhythmic coordination.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MPLB...25.2407M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MPLB...25.2407M"><span>Stability of Intercellular Exchange of Biochemical Substances Affected by <span class="hlt">Variability</span> of Environmental Parameters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mihailović, Dragutin T.; Budinčević, Mirko; Balaž, Igor; Mihailović, Anja</p> <p></p> <p>Communication between cells is realized by exchange of biochemical substances. Due to <span class="hlt">internal</span> organization of living systems and <span class="hlt">variability</span> of external parameters, the exchange is heavily influenced by perturbations of various parameters at almost all stages of the process. Since communication is one of essential processes for functioning of living systems it is of interest to investigate conditions for its stability. Using previously developed simplified model of bacterial communication in a form of coupled difference logistic equations we investigate stability of exchange of signaling molecules under <span class="hlt">variability</span> of <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external parameters.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.2369R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy...50.2369R"><span>Towards multi-resolution global climate modeling with ECHAM6-FESOM. Part II: climate <span class="hlt">variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rackow, T.; Goessling, H. F.; Jung, T.; Sidorenko, D.; Semmler, T.; Barbi, D.; Handorf, D.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>This study forms part II of two papers describing ECHAM6-FESOM, a newly established global climate model with a unique multi-resolution sea ice-ocean component. While part I deals with the model description and the mean climate state, here we examine the <span class="hlt">internal</span> climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the model under constant present-day (1990) conditions. We (1) assess the <span class="hlt">internal</span> variations in the model in terms of objective <span class="hlt">variability</span> performance indices, (2) analyze variations in global mean surface temperature and put them in context to variations in the observed record, with particular emphasis on the recent warming slowdown, (3) analyze and validate the most common atmospheric and oceanic <span class="hlt">variability</span> patterns, (4) diagnose the potential predictability of various climate indices, and (5) put the multi-resolution approach to the test by comparing two setups that differ only in oceanic resolution in the equatorial belt, where one ocean mesh keeps the coarse 1° resolution applied in the adjacent open-ocean regions and the other mesh is gradually refined to 0.25°. Objective <span class="hlt">variability</span> performance indices show that, in the considered setups, ECHAM6-FESOM performs overall favourably compared to five well-established climate models. <span class="hlt">Internal</span> variations of the global mean surface temperature in the model are consistent with observed fluctuations and suggest that the recent warming slowdown can be explained as a once-in-one-hundred-years event caused by <span class="hlt">internal</span> climate <span class="hlt">variability</span>; periods of strong cooling in the model (`hiatus' analogs) are mainly associated with ENSO-related <span class="hlt">variability</span> and to a lesser degree also to PDO shifts, with the AMO playing a minor role. Common atmospheric and oceanic <span class="hlt">variability</span> patterns are simulated largely consistent with their real counterparts. Typical deficits also found in other models at similar resolutions remain, in particular too weak non-seasonal <span class="hlt">variability</span> of SSTs over large parts of the ocean and episodic periods of almost absent</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22289898','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22289898"><span><span class="hlt">International</span> spinal cord injury skin and thermoregulation function basic data set.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Karlsson, A K; Krassioukov, A; Alexander, M S; Donovan, W; Biering-Sørensen, F</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>To create an <span class="hlt">international</span> spinal cord injury (SCI) skin and thermoregulation basic data set within the framework of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Data Sets. An <span class="hlt">international</span> working group. The draft of the data set was developed by a working group comprising members appointed by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), the <span class="hlt">International</span> Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) and a representative of the Executive Committee of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Standards and Data Sets. The final version of the data set was developed after review and comments by members of the Executive Committee of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Standards and Data Sets, the ISCoS Scientific Committee, ASIA Board, relevant and interested <span class="hlt">international</span> organizations and societies, individual persons with specific interest and the ISCoS Council. To make the data set uniform, each <span class="hlt">variable</span> and each response category within each <span class="hlt">variable</span> have been specifically defined to promote the collection and reporting of comparable minimal data. <span class="hlt">Variables</span> included in the present data set are: date of data collection, thermoregulation history after SCI, including hyperthermia or hypothermia (noninfectious or infectious), as well as the history of hyperhidrosis or hypohidrosis above or below level of lesion. Body temperature and the time of measurement are included. Details regarding the presence of any pressure ulcer and stage, location and size of the ulcer(s), date of appearance of the ulcer(s) and whether surgical treatment has been performed are included. The history of any pressure ulcer during the last 12 months is also noted.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ARep...61...80S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ARep...61...80S"><span>General catalogue of <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars: Version GCVS 5.1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Samus', N. N.; Kazarovets, E. V.; Durlevich, O. V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E. N.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Work aimed at compiling detailed catalogs of <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars in the Galaxy, which has been carried out continuously by Moscow <span class="hlt">variable</span>-star researchers since 1946 on behalf of the <span class="hlt">International</span> Astronomical Union, has entered the stage of the publication of the 5th, completely electronic edition of the General Catalogue of <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Stars (GCVS). This paper describes the requirements for the contents of the 5th edition and the current state of the catalog in its new version, GCVS 5.1. The complete revision of information for <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars in the constellation Carina and the compilation of the 81st Name-list of <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Stars are considered as examples of work on the 5th edition. The GCVS 5.1 is freely accessible on the Internet. We recommend the present paper as a unified reference to the 5th edition of the GCVS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=parenting+AND+style+AND+mental+AND+health&pg=2&id=EJ1073655','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=parenting+AND+style+AND+mental+AND+health&pg=2&id=EJ1073655"><span>Relations between <span class="hlt">Internalizing</span> and Externalizing Problems in Early Childhood</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Stone, Lisanne L.; Otten, Roy; Engels, Rutger C. M. E.; Kuijpers, Rowella C. W. M.; Janssens, Jan M. A. M.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Background: Childhood <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> and externalizing problems are closely related and often co-occur. Directional models have been employed to test how these problems are related, while few studies have tested a third <span class="hlt">variables</span> model. Objective: This study investigates whether <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> and externalizing problems are reciprocally or…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25019776','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25019776"><span><span class="hlt">Variable</span>-amplitude oscillatory shear response of amorphous materials.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Perchikov, Nathan; Bouchbinder, Eran</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Variable</span>-amplitude oscillatory shear tests are emerging as powerful tools to investigate and quantify the nonlinear rheology of amorphous solids, complex fluids, and biological materials. Quite a few recent experimental and atomistic simulation studies demonstrated that at low shear amplitudes, an amorphous solid settles into an amplitude- and initial-conditions-dependent dissipative limit cycle, in which back-and-forth localized particle rearrangements periodically bring the system to the same state. At sufficiently large shear amplitudes, the amorphous system loses memory of the initial conditions, exhibits chaotic particle motions accompanied by diffusive behavior, and settles into a stochastic steady state. The two regimes are separated by a transition amplitude, possibly characterized by some critical-like features. Here we argue that these observations support some of the physical assumptions embodied in the nonequilibrium thermodynamic, <span class="hlt">internal-variables</span> based, shear-transformation-zone model of amorphous viscoplasticity; most notably that "flow defects" in amorphous solids are characterized by <span class="hlt">internal</span> states between which they can make transitions, and that structural evolution is driven by dissipation associated with plastic deformation. We present a rather extensive theoretical analysis of the thermodynamic shear-transformation-zone model for a <span class="hlt">variable</span>-amplitude oscillatory shear protocol, highlighting its success in accounting for various experimental and simulational observations, as well as its limitations. Our results offer a continuum-level theoretical framework for interpreting the <span class="hlt">variable</span>-amplitude oscillatory shear response of amorphous solids and may promote additional developments.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009CG.....35.2145V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009CG.....35.2145V"><span>SteamTables: An approach of multiple <span class="hlt">variable</span> sets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Verma, Mahendra P.</p> <p>2009-10-01</p> <p>Using the IAPWS-95 formulation, an ActiveX component SteamTablesIIE in Visual Basic 6.0 is developed to calculate thermodynamic properties of pure water as a function of two independent intensive <span class="hlt">variables</span>: (1) temperature ( T) or pressure ( P) and (2) T, P, volume ( V), <span class="hlt">internal</span> energy ( U), enthalpy ( H), entropy ( S) or Gibbs free energy ( G). The second <span class="hlt">variable</span> cannot be the same as <span class="hlt">variable</span> 1. Additionally, it calculates the properties along the separation boundaries (i.e., sublimation, saturation, critical isochor, ice I melting, ice III to ice IIV melting and minimum volume curves) considering the input parameter as T or P for the <span class="hlt">variable</span> 1. SteamTablesIIE is an extension of the ActiveX component SteamTables implemented earlier considering T (190 to 2000 K) and P (3.23×10 -8 to 10000 MPa) as independent <span class="hlt">variables</span>. It takes into account the following 27 intensive properties: temperature ( T), pressure ( P), fraction, state, volume ( V), density ( Den), compressibility factor ( Z0), <span class="hlt">internal</span> energy ( U), enthalpy ( H), Gibbs free energy ( G), Helmholtz free energy ( A), entropy ( S), heat capacity at constant pressure ( C p), heat capacity at constant volume ( C v), coefficient of thermal expansion ( CTE), isothermal compressibility ( Z iso), speed of sound ( VelS), partial derivative of P with T at constant V ( dPdT), partial derivative of T with V at constant P ( dTdV), partial derivative of V with P at constant T ( dVdP), Joule-Thomson coefficient ( JTC), isothermal throttling coefficient ( IJTC), viscosity ( Vis), thermal conductivity ( ThrmCond), surface tension ( SurfTen), Prandtl number ( PrdNum) and dielectric constant ( DielCons).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=308576&keyword=Solar+AND+still&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=308576&keyword=Solar+AND+still&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>A Multi-Model Assessment for the 2006 and 2010 Simulations under the Air Quality Model Evaluation <span class="hlt">International</span> Initiative (AQMEII) Phase 2 over North America: Part II. Evaluation of Column <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Predictions Using Satellite Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Within the context of the Air Quality Model Evaluation <span class="hlt">International</span> Initiative phase 2 (AQMEII2) project, this part II paper performs a multi-model assessment of major column abundances of gases, radiation, aerosol, and cloud <span class="hlt">variables</span> for 2006 and 2010 simulations with three on...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9118173','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9118173"><span><span class="hlt">Variability</span> in symptom expression among sexually abused girls: developing multivariate models.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Spaccarelli, S; Fuchs, C</p> <p>1997-03-01</p> <p>Examined which of several apparent risk <span class="hlt">variables</span> were predictors of <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> and externalizing problems in 48 girls who were referred for therapy after disclosing sexual abuse. Specifically, the effects of abuse characteristics, support from nonoffending parents, victims' coping strategies, and victims' cognitive appraisals on symptomatology were assessed. As hypothesized, results indicated that <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> and externalizing problems were associated with different sets of predictor <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Victims' self-reports of depression and anxiety were related to lower perceived support from nonoffending parents, more use of cognitive avoidance coping, and more negative appraisals of the abuse. These results were partially replicated when using parent-report measures of depression, but were not replicated for parent reports of victim anxiety. Incest was the only <span class="hlt">variable</span> that was significantly related to parent-reported anxiety. Parent-reported aggressive behaviors were predicted by level of abuse-related stress; and aggression, social problems, and sexual problems were all related to the tendency to cope by controlling others. Social problems were also related to coping by self-distraction. Regression analyses were done for each dependent <span class="hlt">variable</span> to examine which predictors accounted for unique variance when controlling for other significant zero-order correlates. Implications of these results for understanding <span class="hlt">variability</span> in symptom expression among sexual abuse victims are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110011076','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110011076"><span>Direct Relationship Between Perceptual and Motor <span class="hlt">Variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Liston, Dorion B.; Stone, Leland S.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The time that elapses between stimulus onset and the onset of a saccadic eye movement is longer and more <span class="hlt">variable</span> than can be explained by neural transmission times and synaptic delays (Carpenter, 1981, in: Eye Movements: Cognition & Visual Perception, Earlbaum). In theory, noise underlying response-time (RT) <span class="hlt">variability</span> could arise at any point along the sensorimotor cascade, from sensory noise arising Vvithin the early visual processing shared Vvith perception to noise in the motor criterion or commands necessary to trigger movements. These two loci for <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise can be distinguished empirically; sensory <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise predicts that response time Vvill correlate Vvith perceived stimulus magnitude whereas motor <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise predicts no such correlation. Methods. We used the data described by Liston and Stone (2008, JNS 28:13866-13875), in which subjects performed a 2AFC saccadic brightness discrimination task and the perceived brightness of the chosen stimulus was then quantified in a second 21FC perceptual task. Results. We binned each subject's data into quartiles for both signal strength (from dimmest to brightest) and RT (from slowest to fastest) and analyzed the trends in perceived brightness. We found significant effects of both signal strength (as expected) and RT on normalized perceived brightness (both p less than 0.0001, 2-way ANOVA), without significant interaction (p = 0.95, 2-way ANOVA). A plot of normalized perceived brightness versus normalized RT show's that more than half of the variance was shared (r2 = 0.56, P less than 0.0001). To rule out any possibility that some signal-strength related artifact was generating this effect, we ran a control analysis on pairs of trials with repeated presentations of identical stimuli and found that stimuli are perceived to be brighter on trials with faster saccades (p less than 0.001, paired t-test across subjects). Conclusion. These data show that shared early visual <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise jitters perceived</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MSMSE..20b4003V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MSMSE..20b4003V"><span>A self-consistent estimate for linear viscoelastic polycrystals with <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span> inferred from the collocation method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vu, Q. H.; Brenner, R.; Castelnau, O.; Moulinec, H.; Suquet, P.</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>The correspondence principle is customarily used with the Laplace-Carson transform technique to tackle the homogenization of linear viscoelastic heterogeneous media. The main drawback of this method lies in the fact that the whole stress and strain histories have to be considered to compute the mechanical response of the material during a given macroscopic loading. Following a remark of Mandel (1966 Mécanique des Milieux Continus(Paris, France: Gauthier-Villars)), Ricaud and Masson (2009 Int. J. Solids Struct. 46 1599-1606) have shown the equivalence between the collocation method used to invert Laplace-Carson transforms and an <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span> formulation. In this paper, this new method is developed for the case of polycrystalline materials with general anisotropic properties for local and macroscopic behavior. Applications are provided for the case of constitutive relations accounting for glide of dislocations on particular slip systems. It is shown that the method yields accurate results that perfectly match the standard collocation method and reference full-field results obtained with a FFT numerical scheme. The formulation is then extended to the case of time- and strain-dependent viscous properties, leading to the incremental collocation method (ICM) that can be solved efficiently by a step-by-step procedure. Specifically, the introduction of isotropic and kinematic hardening at the slip system scale is considered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6117/277.full.pdf?sid=95070849-cf3e-40a5-a663-56462634de9a','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6117/277.full.pdf?sid=95070849-cf3e-40a5-a663-56462634de9a"><span>Essential biodiversity <span class="hlt">variables</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Pereira, H.M.; Ferrier, S.; Walters, M.; Geller, G.N.; Jongman, R.H.G.; Scholes, Robert J.; Bruford, M.W.; Brummitt, N.; Butchart, S.H.M.; Cardoso, A.C.; Coops, N.C.; Dulloo, E.; Faith, D.P.; Freyhof, J.; Gregory, R.D.; Heip, C.; Höft, R.; Hurtt, G.; Jetz, W.; Karp, D.S.; McGeoch, M.A.; Obura, D.; Onada, Y.; Pettorelli, N.; Reyers, B.; Sayre, R.; Scharlemann, J.P.W.; Stuart, S.N.; Turak, E.; Walpole, M.; Wegmann, M.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Reducing the rate of biodiversity loss and averting dangerous biodiversity change are <span class="hlt">international</span> goals, reasserted by the Aichi Targets for 2020 by Parties to the United Nations (UN) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) after failure to meet the 2010 target (1, 2). However, there is no global, harmonized observation system for delivering regular, timely data on biodiversity change (3). With the first plenary meeting of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) soon under way, partners from the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) (4) are developing—and seeking consensus around—Essential Biodiversity <span class="hlt">Variables</span> (EBVs) that could form the basis of monitoring programs worldwide.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011BAAS...43..044K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011BAAS...43..044K"><span>Obituary: Franklin Kamney (1925-2011)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kinne, Richard</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p> staff in the McAteer Library and his data - 547 observations of RV Tau type stars and other semiregular yellow <span class="hlt">variables</span> - were added to the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> <span class="hlt">International</span> Database. Often these are the only observations of these <span class="hlt">variables</span> on record during this time period. Kameny's unflagging determination in the face of adversity has also served as inspiration over the last year for Society members organizing the new AAS Working Group on LGBTQ Equality. The Society will award a posthumous certificate of appreciation to Dr. Kameny at the January 2012 meeting in Austin, TX. Denied his place in the scientific community by the social conventions of the day, Dr. Kameny fought back and thereby made the world a more equal place. In that way he remains a star in his own right.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1041369','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1041369"><span>Integrating <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Renewable Energy in Electric Power Markets: Best Practices from <span class="hlt">International</span> Experience</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Cochran, J.; Bird, L.; Heeter, J.</p> <p></p> <p>Many countries -- reflecting very different geographies, markets, and power systems -- are successfully managing high levels of <span class="hlt">variable</span> renewable energy on the electric grid, including that from wind and solar energy. This study documents the diverse approaches to effective integration of <span class="hlt">variable</span> renewable energy among six countries -- Australia (South Australia), Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Spain, and the United States (Western region-Colorado and Texas)-- and summarizes policy best practices that energy ministers and other stakeholders can pursue to ensure that electricity markets and power systems can effectively coevolve with increasing penetrations of <span class="hlt">variable</span> renewable energy. Each country has crafted itsmore » own combination of policies, market designs, and system operations to achieve the system reliability and flexibility needed to successfully integrate renewables. Notwithstanding this diversity, the approaches taken by the countries studied all coalesce around five strategic areas: lead public engagement, particularly for new transmission; coordinate and integrate planning; develop rules for market evolution that enable system flexibility; expand access to diverse resources and geographic footprint of operations; and improve system operations. The ability to maintain a broad ecosystem perspective, to organize and make available the wealth of experiences, and to ensure a clear path from analysis to enactment should be the primary focus going forward.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GPC...121...19E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GPC...121...19E"><span>Surfing wave climate <span class="hlt">variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Espejo, Antonio; Losada, Iñigo J.; Méndez, Fernando J.</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">International</span> surfing destinations are highly dependent on specific combinations of wind-wave formation, thermal conditions and local bathymetry. Surf quality depends on a vast number of geophysical <span class="hlt">variables</span>, and analyses of surf quality require the consideration of the seasonal, interannual and long-term <span class="hlt">variability</span> of surf conditions on a global scale. A multivariable standardized index based on expert judgment is proposed for this purpose. This index makes it possible to analyze surf conditions objectively over a global domain. A summary of global surf resources based on a new index integrating existing wave, wind, tides and sea surface temperature databases is presented. According to general atmospheric circulation and swell propagation patterns, results show that west-facing low to middle-latitude coasts are more suitable for surfing, especially those in the Southern Hemisphere. Month-to-month analysis reveals strong seasonal variations in the occurrence of surfable events, enhancing the frequency of such events in the North Atlantic and the North Pacific. Interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> was investigated by comparing occurrence values with global and regional modes of low-frequency climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> such as El Niño and the North Atlantic Oscillation, revealing their strong influence at both the global and the regional scale. Results of the long-term trends demonstrate an increase in the probability of surfable events on west-facing coasts around the world in recent years. The resulting maps provide useful information for surfers, the surf tourism industry and surf-related coastal planners and stakeholders.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030111789','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030111789"><span>Specification of the ISS Plasma Environment <span class="hlt">Variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Minow, Joseph I.; Neergaard, Linda F.; Bui, Them H.; Mikatarian, Ronald R.; Barsamian, H.; Koontz, Steven L.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>Quantifying the spacecraft charging risks and corresponding hazards for the <span class="hlt">International</span> Space Station (ISS) requires a plasma environment specification describing the natural <span class="hlt">variability</span> of ionospheric temperature (Te) and density (Ne). Empirical ionospheric specification and forecast models such as the <span class="hlt">International</span> Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model typically only provide estimates of long term (seasonal) mean Te and Ne values for the low Earth orbit environment. Knowledge of the Te and Ne <span class="hlt">variability</span> as well as the likelihood of extreme deviations from the mean values are required to estimate both the magnitude and frequency of occurrence of potentially hazardous spacecraft charging environments for a given ISS construction stage and flight configuration. This paper describes the statistical analysis of historical ionospheric low Earth orbit plasma measurements used to estimate Ne, Te <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the ISS flight environment. The statistical <span class="hlt">variability</span> analysis of Ne and Te enables calculation of the expected frequency of Occurrence of any particular values of Ne and Te, especially those that correspond to possibly hazardous spacecraft charging environments. The database used in the original analysis included measurements from the AE-C, AE-D, and DE-2 satellites. Recent work on the database has added additional satellites to the database and ground based incoherent scatter radar observations as well. Deviations of the data values from the IRI estimated Ne, Te parameters for each data point provide a statistical basis for modeling the deviations of the plasma environment from the IRI model output. This technique, while developed specifically for the Space Station analysis, can also be generalized to provide ionospheric plasma environment risk specification models for low Earth orbit over an altitude range of 200 km through approximately 1000 km.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5435802','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5435802"><span>Childhood Depression: Relation to Adaptive, Clinical and Predictor <span class="hlt">Variables</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Garaigordobil, Maite; Bernarás, Elena; Jaureguizar, Joana; Machimbarrena, Juan M.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The study had two goals: (1) to explore the relations between self-assessed childhood depression and other adaptive and clinical <span class="hlt">variables</span> (2) to identify predictor <span class="hlt">variables</span> of childhood depression. Participants were 420 students aged 7–10 years old (53.3% boys, 46.7% girls). Results revealed: (1) positive correlations between depression and clinical maladjustment, school maladjustment, emotional symptoms, <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> and externalizing problems, problem behaviors, emotional reactivity, and childhood stress; and (2) negative correlations between depression and personal adaptation, global self-concept, social skills, and resilience (sense of competence and affiliation). Linear regression analysis including the global dimensions revealed 4 predictors of childhood depression that explained 50.6% of the variance: high clinical maladjustment, low global self-concept, high level of stress, and poor social skills. However, upon introducing the sub-dimensions, 9 predictor <span class="hlt">variables</span> emerged that explained 56.4% of the variance: many <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> problems, low family self-concept, high anxiety, low responsibility, low personal self-assessment, high social stress, few aggressive behaviors toward peers, many health/psychosomatic problems, and external locus of control. The discussion addresses the importance of implementing prevention programs for childhood depression at early ages. PMID:28572787</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19860015839','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19860015839"><span>Effects of state recovery on creep buckling under <span class="hlt">variable</span> loading</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Robinson, D. N.; Arnold, S. M.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p>Structural alloys embody <span class="hlt">internal</span> mechanisms that allow recovery of state with varying stress and elevated temperature, i.e., they can return to a softer state following periods of hardening. Such material behavior is known to strongly influence structural response under some important thermomechanical loadings, for example, that involving thermal ratchetting. The influence of dynamic and thermal recovery on the creep buckling of a column under <span class="hlt">variable</span> loading is investigated. The column is taken as the idealized (Shanley) sandwich column. The constitutive model, unlike the commonly employed Norton creep model, incorporates a representation of both dynamic and thermal (state) recovery. The material parameters of the constitutive model are chosen to characterize Narloy Z, a representative copper alloy used in thrust nozzle liners of reusable rocket engines. <span class="hlt">Variable</span> loading histories include rapid cyclic unloading/reloading sequences and intermittent reductions of load for extended periods of time; these are superimposed on a constant load. The calculated results show that state recovery significantly affects creep buckling under <span class="hlt">variable</span> loading. Structural alloys embody <span class="hlt">internal</span> mechanisms that allow recovery of state with varying stress and time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013yCat..35560038U','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013yCat..35560038U"><span>VizieR Online Data Catalog: Period-mass-loss rate relation of Miras (Uttenthaler, 2013)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Uttenthaler, S.</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>Table 1 is a collection of information on the technetium (Tc) content, pulsation period, and IR photometry of AGB <span class="hlt">variables</span>, without claim of completeness, in particular for the semi-regular <span class="hlt">variables</span> (SRVs). Up to three references on the Tc content are given. The pulsation period is the most up-to-date value possible, for many objects based on an analysis of <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> data with the Period04 program (Lenz & Breger, 2005CoAst.146...53L). The spectral (or chemical) type of the star is taken from the same literature as the information on Tc. A mean K magnitude and J-K colour is computed from all available literature, as listed in Sect. 2 of the paper; they are meant to be as close as possible to cycle-averaged values, to average out the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the objects. Finally, magnitudes are given in the IRAS 12, 25, and 60 micron bands, Akari 9 and 18 micron bands, and WISE 22 micron bands are given, where fluxes have been converted to magnitudes given the zero-magnitude fluxes as given in the Note to Table 1. (1 data file).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9714E..0CC','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9714E..0CC"><span>Adhesion of living cells revealed by <span class="hlt">variable</span>-angle total <span class="hlt">internal</span> reflection fluorescence microscopy (Conference Presentation)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cardoso Dos Santos, Marcelina; Vézy, Cyrille; Jaffiol, Rodolphe</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Total <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRFM) is a widespread technique to study cellular process occurring near the contact region with the glass substrate. In this field, determination of the accurate distance from the surface to the plasma membrane constitutes a crucial issue to investigate the physical basis of cellular adhesion process. However, quantitative interpretation of TIRF pictures regarding the distance z between a labeled membrane and the substrate is not trivial. Indeed, the contrast of TIRF images depends on several parameters more and less well known (local concentration of dyes, absorption cross section, angular emission pattern…). The strategy to get around this problem is to exploit a series of TIRF pictures recorded at different incident angles in evanescent regime. This technique called <span class="hlt">variable</span>-angle TIRF microscopy (vaTIRFM), allowing to map the membrane-substrate separation distance with a nanometric resolution (10-20 nm). vaTIRFM was developed by Burmeister, Truskey and Reichert in the early 1990s with a prism-based TIRF setup [Journal of Microscopy 173, 39-51 (1994)]. We propose a more convenient prismless setup, which uses only a rotatable mirror to adjust precisely the laser beam on the back focal plane of the oil immersion objective (no azimuthal scanning is needed). The series of TIRF images permit us to calculate accurately membrane-surface distances in each pixel. We demonstrate that vaTIRFM are useful to quantify the adhesion of living cells for specific and unspecific membrane-surface interactions, achieved on various functionalized substrates with polymers (BSA, poly-L-lysin) or extracellular matrix proteins (collagen and fibronectin).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18040278','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18040278"><span><span class="hlt">International</span> lower urinary tract function basic spinal cord injury data set.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Biering-Sørensen, F; Craggs, M; Kennelly, M; Schick, E; Wyndaele, J-J</p> <p>2008-05-01</p> <p>To create the <span class="hlt">International</span> Lower Urinary Tract Function Basic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Data Set within the framework of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Data Sets. <span class="hlt">International</span> working group. The draft of the Data Set was developed by a working group consisting of the members appointed by the <span class="hlt">International</span> Continence Society, the European Association of Urology, the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), the <span class="hlt">International</span> Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) and a representative of the Executive Committee of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Standards and Data Sets. The final version of the Data Set was developed after review and comments by the members of the Executive Committee of the <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Standards and Data Sets, the ISCoS Scientific Committee, ASIA Board, relevant and interested (<span class="hlt">international</span>) organizations and societies (around 40) and persons, and the ISCoS Council. Endorsement of the Data Set by relevant organizations and societies will be obtained. To make the Data Set uniform, each <span class="hlt">variable</span> and each response category within each <span class="hlt">variable</span> have been specifically defined in a way that is designed to promote the collection and reporting of comparable minimal data. <span class="hlt">Variables</span> included in the <span class="hlt">International</span> Lower Urinary Tract Function Basic SCI Data Set are as follows: date of data collection, urinary tract impairment unrelated to spinal cord lesion, awareness of the need to empty the bladder, bladder emptying, average number of voluntary bladder emptyings per day during the last week, incontinence within the last 3 months, collecting appliances for urinary incontinence, any drugs for the urinary tract within the last year, surgical procedures on the urinary tract and any change in urinary symptoms within the last year. Complete instruction for data collection, data sheet and training cases available at the website of ISCoS (www.iscos.org.uk) and ASIA (www.asia-spinalinjury.org).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010OAP....23..102S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010OAP....23..102S"><span>General Catalogue of <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Stars: Current Status and New Name-Lists</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Samus, N. N.; Kazarovets, E. V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E. N.; Durlevich, O. V.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>A short history of <span class="hlt">variable</span>-star catalogs is presented. After the second World War, the <span class="hlt">International</span> Astronomical Union asked astronomers of the Soviet Union to become responsible for <span class="hlt">variable</span>-star catalogs. Currently, the catalog is kept electronically and is a joint project of the Institute of Astronomy (Russian Academy of Sciences) and Sternberg Astronomical Institute (Moscow University). We review recent trends in the field of <span class="hlt">variable</span>-star catalogs, discuss problems and new prospects related to modern large-scale automatic photometric sky surveys, outline the subject of discussions on the future of the <span class="hlt">variable</span>-star catalogs in the profile commissions of the IAU, and call for suggestions from the astronomical community.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970021349','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970021349"><span>Static Investigation of a Multiaxis Thrust-Vectoring Nozzle With <span class="hlt">Variable</span> <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Contouring Ability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wing, David J.; Mills, Charles T. L.; Mason, Mary L.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>The thrust efficiency and vectoring performance of a convergent-divergent nozzle were investigated at static conditions in the model preparation area of the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel. The diamond-shaped nozzle was capable of varying the <span class="hlt">internal</span> contour of each quadrant individually by using cam mechanisms and retractable drawers to produce pitch and yaw thrust vectoring. Pitch thrust vectoring was achieved by either retracting the lower drawers to incline the throat or varying the <span class="hlt">internal</span> flow-path contours to incline the throat. Yaw thrust vectoring was achieved by reducing flow area left of the nozzle centerline and increasing flow area right of the nozzle centerline; a skewed throat deflected the flow in the lateral direction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A11N0269L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A11N0269L"><span>The Climate <span class="hlt">Variability</span> & Predictability (CVP) Program at NOAA - Recent Program Advancements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lucas, S. E.; Todd, J. F.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The Climate <span class="hlt">Variability</span> & Predictability (CVP) Program supports research aimed at providing process-level understanding of the climate system through observation, modeling, analysis, and field studies. This vital knowledge is needed to improve climate models and predictions so that scientists can better anticipate the impacts of future climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> and change. To achieve its mission, the CVP Program supports research carried out at NOAA and other federal laboratories, NOAA Cooperative Institutes, and academic institutions. The Program also coordinates its sponsored projects with major national and <span class="hlt">international</span> scientific bodies including the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), the <span class="hlt">International</span> and U.S. Climate <span class="hlt">Variability</span> and Predictability (CLIVAR/US CLIVAR) Program, and the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). The CVP program sits within NOAA's Climate Program Office (http://cpo.noaa.gov/CVP). The CVP Program currently supports multiple projects in areas that are aimed at improved representation of physical processes in global models. Some of the topics that are currently funded include: i) Improved Understanding of Intraseasonal Tropical <span class="hlt">Variability</span> - DYNAMO field campaign and post -field projects, and the new climate model improvement teams focused on MJO processes; ii) Climate Process Teams (CPTs, co-funded with NSF) with projects focused on Cloud macrophysical parameterization and its application to aerosol indirect effects, and <span class="hlt">Internal</span>-Wave Driven Mixing in Global Ocean Models; iii) Improved Understanding of Tropical Pacific Processes, Biases, and Climatology; iv) Understanding Arctic Sea Ice Mechanism and Predictability;v) AMOC Mechanisms and Decadal Predictability Recent results from CVP-funded projects will be summarized. Additional information can be found at http://cpo.noaa.gov/CVP.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=trade+AND+integration&pg=2&id=EJ934088','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=trade+AND+integration&pg=2&id=EJ934088"><span>Estimating the Growth of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Evidence Guiding Perceptual Decisions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Ludwig, Casimir J. H.; Davies, J. Rhys</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Perceptual decision-making is thought to involve a gradual accrual of noisy evidence. Temporal integration of the evidence reduces the relative contribution of dynamic <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise to the decision <span class="hlt">variable</span>, thereby boosting its signal-to-noise ratio. We aimed to estimate the <span class="hlt">internal</span> evidence guiding perceptual decisions over time, using a novel…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26563765','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26563765"><span>The Role of Individual Differences and Situational <span class="hlt">Variables</span> in the Use of Workplace Sexual Identity Management Strategies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Reed, Louren; Leuty, Melanie E</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Examination of individual difference <span class="hlt">variables</span> have been largely ignored within research on the use of workplace sexual identity management strategies. The current study examined personality traits (extraversion, openness, and neuroticism), facets of sexual identity development (identity confusion, <span class="hlt">internalized</span> heterosexism), and situational <span class="hlt">variables</span> (e.g., perceptions of workplace climate and heterosexism) in explaining the use of management strategies, as well as possible interactions between individual and situational factors. Perceptions of the workplace climate toward lesbian and gay individuals significantly related to the use each of the management strategies, and <span class="hlt">Internalized</span> Heterosexism was found to significantly predict the use of the Explicitly Out strategy. Most interactions between individual difference and situational <span class="hlt">variables</span> were not supported, with the exception of an interaction between workplace heterosexism and <span class="hlt">internalized</span> homophobia in explaining the use of the Explicitly Out strategy.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A12H..05M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A12H..05M"><span><span class="hlt">Variability</span> of North Atlantic Hurricane Frequency in a Large Ensemble of High-Resolution Climate Simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mei, W.; Kamae, Y.; Xie, S. P.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Forced and <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of North Atlantic hurricane frequency during 1951-2010 is studied using a large ensemble of climate simulations by a 60-km atmospheric general circulation model that is forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The simulations well capture the interannual-to-decadal <span class="hlt">variability</span> of hurricane frequency in best track data, and further suggest a possible underestimate of hurricane counts in the current best track data prior to 1966 when satellite measurements were unavailable. A genesis potential index (GPI) averaged over the Main Development Region (MDR) accounts for more than 80% of the forced variations in hurricane frequency, with potential intensity and vertical wind shear being the dominant factors. In line with previous studies, the difference between MDR SST and tropical mean SST is a simple but useful predictor; a one-degree increase in this SST difference produces 7.1±1.4 more hurricanes. The hurricane frequency also exhibits <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> that is comparable in magnitude to the interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span>. The 100-member ensemble allows us to address the following important questions: (1) Are the observations equivalent to one realization of such a large ensemble? (2) How many ensemble members are needed to reproduce the <span class="hlt">variability</span> in observations and in the forced component of the simulations? The sources of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> in hurricane frequency will be identified and discussed. The results provide an explanation for the relatively week correlation ( 0.6) between MDR GPI and hurricane frequency on interannual timescales in observations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10219121','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10219121"><span>External and <span class="hlt">internal</span> anatomy of third molars.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Guerisoli, D M; de Souza, R A; de Sousa Neto, M D; Silva, R G; Pécora, J D</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>The external and <span class="hlt">internal</span> anatomy of 269 third molars (155 maxillary and 114 mandibular) were studied. The teeth were measured, classified according to their root number and shape and the <span class="hlt">internal</span> anatomy was observed by the use of diaphanization. A great anatomical <span class="hlt">variability</span> was found, with the presence of up to 5 roots in maxillary third molars and 3 roots in mandibular third molars. The number of root canals followed the same pattern.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5060766-variable-camshaft-timing-system','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5060766-variable-camshaft-timing-system"><span><span class="hlt">Variable</span> camshaft timing system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Butterfield, R.P.; Smith, F.R.</p> <p>1989-09-05</p> <p>This patent describes an improvement in a <span class="hlt">variable</span> camshaft timing system for an <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engine having intake and exhaust valves and a camshaft for each of the intake and exhaust valves, an intake sprocket and an exhaust sprocket keyed to their respective camshaft, only one of the camshafts being directly driven by an engine crankshaft, and a timing chain engaging both sprockets. The improvement comprising a single bracket carrying at least one idler sprocket engaging the timing chain, the bracket being mounted for movement to alter the timing relationship between the intake and exhaust sprockets.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........68J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........68J"><span>A <span class="hlt">variable</span> acceleration calibration system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Johnson, Thomas H.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>A <span class="hlt">variable</span> acceleration calibration system that applies loads using gravitational and centripetal acceleration serves as an alternative, efficient and cost effective method for calibrating <span class="hlt">internal</span> wind tunnel force balances. Two proof-of-concept <span class="hlt">variable</span> acceleration calibration systems are designed, fabricated and tested. The NASA UT-36 force balance served as the test balance for the calibration experiments. The <span class="hlt">variable</span> acceleration calibration systems are shown to be capable of performing three component calibration experiments with an approximate applied load error on the order of 1% of the full scale calibration loads. Sources of error are indentified using experimental design methods and a propagation of uncertainty analysis. Three types of uncertainty are indentified for the systems and are attributed to prediction error, calibration error and pure error. Angular velocity uncertainty is shown to be the largest indentified source of prediction error. The calibration uncertainties using a production <span class="hlt">variable</span> acceleration based system are shown to be potentially equivalent to current methods. The production quality system can be realized using lighter materials and a more precise instrumentation. Further research is needed to account for balance deflection, forcing effects due to vibration, and large tare loads. A gyroscope measurement technique is shown to be capable of resolving the balance deflection angle calculation. Long term research objectives include a demonstration of a six degree of freedom calibration, and a large capacity balance calibration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4660998','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4660998"><span>Preparing for the primary care clinic: an ambulatory boot camp for <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine <span class="hlt">interns</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Esch, Lindsay M.; Bird, Amber-Nicole; Oyler, Julie L.; Lee, Wei Wei; Shah, Sachin D.; Pincavage, Amber T.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Introduction <span class="hlt">Internal</span> medicine (IM) <span class="hlt">interns</span> start continuity clinic with <span class="hlt">variable</span> ambulatory training. Multiple other specialties have utilized a boot camp style curriculum to improve surgical and procedural skills, but boot camps have not been used to improve interns’ ambulatory knowledge and confidence. The authors implemented and assessed the impact of an <span class="hlt">intern</span> ambulatory boot camp pilot on primary care knowledge, confidence, and curricular satisfaction. Methods During July 2014, IM <span class="hlt">interns</span> attended ambulatory boot camp. It included clinically focused case-based didactic sessions on common ambulatory topics as well as orientation to the clinic and electronic medical records. <span class="hlt">Interns</span> anonymously completed a 15-question pre-test on topics covered in the boot camp as well as an identical post-test after the boot camp. The <span class="hlt">interns</span> were surveyed regarding their confidence and satisfaction. Results Thirty-eight <span class="hlt">interns</span> participated in the boot camp. Prior to the boot camp, few <span class="hlt">interns</span> reported confidence managing common outpatient conditions. The average pre-test knowledge score was 46.3%. The average post-test knowledge score significantly improved to 76.1% (p<0.001). All <span class="hlt">interns</span> reported that the boot camp was good preparation for clinics and 97% felt that the boot camp boosted their confidence. Conclusions The ambulatory boot camp pilot improved primary care knowledge, and <span class="hlt">interns</span> thought it was good preparation for clinic. The ambulatory boot camp was well received and may be an effective way to improve the preparation of <span class="hlt">interns</span> for primary care clinic. Further assessment of clinical performance and expansion to other programs and specialties should be considered. PMID:26609962</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=337444','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=337444"><span>Assessing the accuracy and stability of <span class="hlt">variable</span> selection ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Random forest (RF) modeling has emerged as an important statistical learning method in ecology due to its exceptional predictive performance. However, for large and complex ecological datasets there is limited guidance on <span class="hlt">variable</span> selection methods for RF modeling. Typically, either a preselected set of predictor <span class="hlt">variables</span> are used, or stepwise procedures are employed which iteratively add/remove <span class="hlt">variables</span> according to their importance measures. This paper investigates the application of <span class="hlt">variable</span> selection methods to RF models for predicting probable biological stream condition. Our motivating dataset consists of the good/poor condition of n=1365 stream survey sites from the 2008/2009 National Rivers and Stream Assessment, and a large set (p=212) of landscape features from the StreamCat dataset. Two types of RF models are compared: a full <span class="hlt">variable</span> set model with all 212 predictors, and a reduced <span class="hlt">variable</span> set model selected using a backwards elimination approach. We assess model accuracy using RF's <span class="hlt">internal</span> out-of-bag estimate, and a cross-validation procedure with validation folds external to the <span class="hlt">variable</span> selection process. We also assess the stability of the spatial predictions generated by the RF models to changes in the number of predictors, and argue that model selection needs to consider both accuracy and stability. The results suggest that RF modeling is robust to the inclusion of many <span class="hlt">variables</span> of moderate to low importance. We found no substanti</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840029486&hterms=potential+kinetic+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dpotential%2Bkinetic%2Benergy','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19840029486&hterms=potential+kinetic+energy&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dpotential%2Bkinetic%2Benergy"><span>Lagrange thermodynamic potential and intrinsic <span class="hlt">variables</span> for He-3 He-4 dilute solutions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Jackson, H. W.</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>For a two-fluid model of dilute solutions of He-3 in liquid He-4, a thermodynamic potential is constructed that provides a Lagrangian for deriving equations of motion by a variational procedure. This Lagrangian is defined for uniform velocity fields as a (negative) Legendre transform of total <span class="hlt">internal</span> energy, and its primary independent <span class="hlt">variables</span>, together with their thermodynamic conjugates, are identified. Here, similarities between relations in classical physics and quantum statistical mechanics serve as a guide for developing an alternate expression for this function that reveals its character as the difference between apparent kinetic energy and intrinsic <span class="hlt">internal</span> energy. When the He-3 concentration in the mixtures tends to zero, this expression reduces to Zilsel's formula for the Lagrangian for pure liquid He-4. An investigation of properties of the intrinsic <span class="hlt">internal</span> energy leads to the introduction of intrinsic chemical potentials along with other intrinsic <span class="hlt">variables</span> for the mixtures. Explicit formulas for these <span class="hlt">variables</span> are derived for a noninteracting elementary excitation model of the fluid. Using these formulas and others also derived from quantum statistical mechanics, another equivalent expression for the Lagrangian is generated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28608635','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28608635"><span>Cardiac and Metabolic <span class="hlt">Variables</span> in Obese Dogs.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tropf, M; Nelson, O L; Lee, P M; Weng, H Y</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>The etiology of obesity-related cardiac dysfunction (ORCD) is linked to metabolic syndrome in people. Studies have indicated that obese dogs have components of metabolic syndrome, warranting evaluation for ORCD in obese dogs. To evaluate cardiac structure and function and metabolic <span class="hlt">variables</span> in obese dogs compared to ideal weight dogs. Forty-six healthy, small-breed (<25 pounds), obese dogs (n = 29) compared to ideal weight dogs (n = 17). A cross-sectional study of cardiac structure and function by standard and strain echocardiographic measurements and quantification of serum metabolic <span class="hlt">variables</span> (insulin:glucose ratios, lipid analysis, adiponectin, inflammatory markers). Compared to the ideal weight controls, obese dogs had cardiac changes characterized by an increased interventricular septal width in diastole to left ventricular <span class="hlt">internal</span> dimension in diastole ratio, decreased ratios of peak early to peak late left ventricular inflow velocities, and ratios of peak early to peak late mitral annular tissue velocities, and increased fractional shortening and ejection fraction percentages. The left ventricular posterior wall width in diastole to left ventricular <span class="hlt">internal</span> dimension in diastole ratios were not significantly different between groups. Systolic blood pressure was not significantly different between groups. Obese dogs had metabolic derangements characterized by increased insulin:glucose ratios, dyslipidemias with increased cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein concentrations, decreased adiponectin concentrations, and increased concentrations of interleukin 8 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine-like inflammatory cytokines. Compared to ideal weight controls, obese dogs have alterations in cardiac structure and function as well as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypoadiponectinemia, and increased concentrations of inflammatory markers. These findings warrant additional studies to investigate inflammation, dyslipidemia, and possibly systemic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160010441','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160010441"><span><span class="hlt">Variable</span> Coding and Modulation Experiment Using NASA's Space Communication and Navigation Testbed</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Downey, Joseph A.; Mortensen, Dale J.; Evans, Michael A.; Tollis, Nicholas S.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Space Communication and Navigation Testbed on the <span class="hlt">International</span> Space Station provides a unique opportunity to evaluate advanced communication techniques in an operational system. The experimental nature of the Testbed allows for rapid demonstrations while using flight hardware in a deployed system within NASA's networks. One example is <span class="hlt">variable</span> coding and modulation, which is a method to increase data-throughput in a communication link. This paper describes recent flight testing with <span class="hlt">variable</span> coding and modulation over S-band using a direct-to-earth link between the SCaN Testbed and the Glenn Research Center. The testing leverages the established Digital Video Broadcasting Second Generation (DVB-S2) standard to provide various modulation and coding options. The experiment was conducted in a challenging environment due to the multipath and shadowing caused by the <span class="hlt">International</span> Space Station structure. Performance of the <span class="hlt">variable</span> coding and modulation system is evaluated and compared to the capacity of the link, as well as standard NASA waveforms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JAVSO..41..348K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JAVSO..41..348K"><span>Maxima and O-C Diagrams for 489 Mira Stars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Karlsson, T.</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>Maxima for 489 Mira stars have been compiled. They were computed with data from <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>, AFOEV, VSOLJ, and BAA-VSS and collected from published maxima. The result is presented in a mysql database and on web pages with O-C diagrams, periods and some statistical information for each star.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120016374','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120016374"><span>Dynamically <span class="hlt">variable</span> spot size laser system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gradl, Paul R. (Inventor); Hurst, John F. (Inventor); Middleton, James R. (Inventor)</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>A Dynamically <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Spot Size (DVSS) laser system for bonding metal components includes an elongated housing containing a light entry aperture coupled to a laser beam transmission cable and a light exit aperture. A plurality of lenses contained within the housing focus a laser beam from the light entry aperture through the light exit aperture. The lenses may be dynamically adjusted to vary the spot size of the laser. A plurality of interoperable safety devices, including a manually depressible interlock switch, an <span class="hlt">internal</span> proximity sensor, a remotely operated potentiometer, a remotely activated toggle and a power supply interlock, prevent activation of the laser and DVSS laser system if each safety device does not provide a closed circuit. The remotely operated potentiometer also provides continuous <span class="hlt">variability</span> in laser energy output.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AAS...22442102O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AAS...22442102O"><span><span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Discoveries for Research Education at the Phillips Academy Observatory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Odden, Caroline; Yoon, Seokjun; Zhu, Emily; Little, John; Taylor, Isabel; Kim, Ji Seok; Briggs, John W.</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>The discovery and publication of unknown <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars by high school students is a highly engaging activity in a new hands-on research course developed at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. Students use MPO Canopus software to recognize candidate <span class="hlt">variable</span> stars in image series typically recorded for asteroid rotation studies. Follow-up observations are made using the 16-inch DFM telescopes at the Phillips Academy Observatory and at the HUT Observatory near Eagle, Colorado, as well as with a remote-access 20-inch at New Mexico Skies Observatory near Mayhill, New Mexico. The Catalina Sky Survey can provide additional photometric measurements. Confirmed <span class="hlt">variables</span>, with light curves and periods, are submitted to the <span class="hlt">International</span> <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Index and Journal of the American Association of <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Observers. Asteroid rotation studies are published in Minor Planet Bulletin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MAP...tmp...88S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MAP...tmp...88S"><span>Regime shift of Indian summer monsoon rainfall to a persistent arid state: external forcing versus <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Srivastava, Ankur; Pradhan, Maheswar; Goswami, B. N.; Rao, Suryachandra A.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The high propensity of deficient monsoon rainfall over the Indian sub-continent in the recent 3 decades (seven deficient monsoons against 3 excess monsoon years) compared to the prior 3 decades has serious implications on the food and water resources in the country. Motivated by the need to understand the high occurrence of deficient monsoon during this period, we examine the change in predictability of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and its teleconnections with Indo-Pacific sea surface temperatures between the two periods. The shift in the tropical climate in the late 1970s appears to be one of the major reasons behind this. We find an increased predictability of the ISM in the recent 3 decades owing to reduced `<span class="hlt">internal</span>' interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> (IAV) due to the high-frequency modes, while the `external' IAV arising from the low-frequency modes has remained largely the same. The Indian Ocean Dipole-ISM teleconnection has become positive during the monsoon season in the recent period thereby compensating for the weakened ENSO-ISM teleconnection. The central Pacific El-Niño and the Indian Ocean (IO) warming during the recent 3 decades are working together to realise enhanced ascending motion in the equatorial IO between 70°E and 100°E, preconditioning the Indian monsoon system prone to a deficient state.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5809960','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5809960"><span>Conditional Mediation of Absorptive Capacity and Environment in <span class="hlt">International</span> Entrepreneurial Orientation of Family Businesses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hernández-Perlines, Felipe; Xu, Wenkai</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>This study analyzes the effect of conditional mediation of environment-absorptive capacity in <span class="hlt">international</span> entrepreneurial orientation of family businesses. Results involve data from 218 Spanish family businesses, analyzed with SmartPLS 3.2.7 software. This paper presents a relevant contribution both to the academic field and the performance of family firms, helping to understand the process of transforming <span class="hlt">international</span> entrepreneurial orientation into a better <span class="hlt">international</span> performance through absorptive capacity while family businesses invest their efforts in aligning <span class="hlt">international</span> entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacity with <span class="hlt">international</span> results, bearing in mind the positive moderator effect of environment. The most relevant contribution of this work is to integrate in the same model the mediating effect of the absorption capacity and the moderating effect of the environment: the effect of the <span class="hlt">international</span> entrepreneurial orientation on the <span class="hlt">international</span> performance of family businesses improves with the mediation of the absorptive capacity (the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of <span class="hlt">international</span> performance goes from 32.5 to 40.6%) and the moderation of the environment (to <span class="hlt">variability</span> of <span class="hlt">international</span> performance goes from 40.6 to 45.3%). PMID:29472881</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29472881','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29472881"><span>Conditional Mediation of Absorptive Capacity and Environment in <span class="hlt">International</span> Entrepreneurial Orientation of Family Businesses.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hernández-Perlines, Felipe; Xu, Wenkai</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>This study analyzes the effect of conditional mediation of environment-absorptive capacity in <span class="hlt">international</span> entrepreneurial orientation of family businesses. Results involve data from 218 Spanish family businesses, analyzed with SmartPLS 3.2.7 software. This paper presents a relevant contribution both to the academic field and the performance of family firms, helping to understand the process of transforming <span class="hlt">international</span> entrepreneurial orientation into a better <span class="hlt">international</span> performance through absorptive capacity while family businesses invest their efforts in aligning <span class="hlt">international</span> entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacity with <span class="hlt">international</span> results, bearing in mind the positive moderator effect of environment. The most relevant contribution of this work is to integrate in the same model the mediating effect of the absorption capacity and the moderating effect of the environment: the effect of the <span class="hlt">international</span> entrepreneurial orientation on the <span class="hlt">international</span> performance of family businesses improves with the mediation of the absorptive capacity (the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of <span class="hlt">international</span> performance goes from 32.5 to 40.6%) and the moderation of the environment (to <span class="hlt">variability</span> of <span class="hlt">international</span> performance goes from 40.6 to 45.3%).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO31C..05D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO31C..05D"><span>Nonlinear <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Waves on the Inner Shelf: Observations Using a Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) System.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Davis, K. A.; Reid, E. C.; Cohen, A. L.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Internal</span> waves propagating across the continental slope and shelf are transformed by the competing effects of nonlinear steepening and dispersive spreading, forming nonlinear <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves (NLIWs) that can penetrate onto the shallow inner shelf, often appearing in the form of bottom-propagating nonlinear <span class="hlt">internal</span> bores or boluses. NLIWs play a significant role in nearshore dynamics with baroclinic current amplitudes on the order of that of wind- and surface wave-driven flows and rapid temperature changes on the order of annual ranges. In June 2014 we used a Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) system to give a continuous cross-shelf view of nonlinear <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave dynamics on the forereef of Dongsha Atoll, a coral reef in the northern South China Sea. A DTS system measures temperature continuously along the length of an optical fiber, resolving meter-to-kilometer spatial scales. This unique view of cross-shelf temperature structure made it possible to observe <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave reflection, <span class="hlt">variable</span> propagation speed across the shelf, bolus formation and dissipation. Additionally, we used the DTS data to track <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves across the shallow fore reef and onto the reef flat and to quantify spatial patterns in temperature <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Shoaling <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves are an important process affecting physical <span class="hlt">variability</span> and water properties on the reef.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=2400&pg=2&id=EJ1036088','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=2400&pg=2&id=EJ1036088"><span>Personal and Contextual Factors Related to <span class="hlt">Internalizing</span> Problems during Adolescence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Oliva, Alfredo; Parra, Águeda; Reina, M. Carmen</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background: Over the past decades, ample empirical evidence has been collected about the factors linked to <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> problems during adolescence. However, there is a lack of research that use holistic approaches to study the joint analysis of a series of contextual and personal <span class="hlt">variables</span> considered to be related to <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> problems.…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29420662','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29420662"><span>Generation of high-affinity, <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> anti-FGFR2 single-chain <span class="hlt">variable</span> antibody fragment fused with Fc for targeting gastrointestinal cancers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Borek, Aleksandra; Sokolowska-Wedzina, Aleksandra; Chodaczek, Grzegorz; Otlewski, Jacek</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are promising targets for antibody-based cancer therapies, as their substantial overexpression has been found in various tumor cells. Aberrant activation of FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) signaling through overexpression of FGFR2 and/or its ligands, mutations, or receptor amplification has been reported in multiple cancer types, including gastric, colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, breast and lung cancer. In this paper, we describe application of the phage display technology to produce a panel of high affinity single chain <span class="hlt">variable</span> antibody fragments (scFvs) against the extracellular ligand-binding domain of FGFR2 (ECD_FGFR2). The binders were selected from the human single chain <span class="hlt">variable</span> fragment scFv phage display libraries Tomlinson I + J and showed high specificity and binding affinity towards human FGFR2 with nanomolar KD values. To improve the affinity of the best binder selected, scFvF7, we reformatted it to a bivalent diabody format, or fused it with the Fc region (scFvF7-Fc). The scFvF7-Fc antibody construct presented the highest affinity for FGFR2, with a KD of 0.76 nM, and was selectively <span class="hlt">internalized</span> into cancer cells overexpressing FGFR2, Snu-16 and NCI-H716. Finally, we prepared a conjugate of scFvF7-Fc with the cytotoxic drug monomethyl-auristatin E (MMAE) and evaluated its cytotoxicity. The conjugate delivered MMAE selectively to FGFR2-positive tumor cells. These results indicate that scFvF7-Fc-vcMMAE is a highly potent molecule for the treatment of cancers with FGFR2 overexpression.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047854','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047854"><span>[Parenting practices and <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> and externalizing problems in Spanish adolescents].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>García Linares, Ma Cruz; Cerezo Rusillo, Ma Teresa; de la Torre Cruz, Manuel Jesús; de la Villa Carpio Fernández, Ma; Casanova Arias, Pedro Félix</p> <p>2011-11-01</p> <p>The goal of this study was to analyze the relationship between parenting practices and <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> and externalizing problems presented by a group of adolescents according to their gender. Four hundred and sixty-nine secondary school students (aged between 12 and 18) participated in this study. The adolescents presented differences in perception of the educational practices of both parents as a function of their gender. Negative parenting practices were positively related to adolescents' <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> and externalizing problems, whereas positive practices were negatively related to externalizing problems. Moreover, differences between boys and girls were found in predictor <span class="hlt">variables</span> of problems, and the predictive power of the <span class="hlt">variables</span> was higher for externalizing problems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy..tmp...72D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClDy..tmp...72D"><span>Impacts of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> on temperature and precipitation trends in large ensemble simulations by two climate models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dai, Aiguo; Bloecker, Christine E.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>It is known that <span class="hlt">internal</span> climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> (ICV) can influence trends seen in observations and individual model simulations over a period of decades. This makes it difficult to quantify the forced response to external forcing. Here we analyze two large ensembles of simulations from 1950 to 2100 by two fully-coupled climate models, namely the CESM1 and CanESM2, to quantify ICV's influences on estimated trends in annual surface air temperature (Tas) and precipitation (P) over different time periods. Results show that the observed trends since 1979 in global-mean Tas and P are within the spread of the CESM1-simulated trends while the CanESM2 overestimates the historical changes, likely due to its deficiencies in simulating historical non-CO2 forcing. Both models show considerable spreads in the Tas and P trends among the individual simulations, and the spreads decrease rapidly as the record length increases to about 40 (50) years for global-mean Tas (P). Because of ICV, local and regional P trends may remain statistically insignificant and differ greatly among individual model simulations over most of the globe until the later part of the twenty-first century even under a high emissions scenario, while local Tas trends since 1979 are already statistically significant over many low-latitude regions and are projected to become significant over most of the globe by the 2030s. The largest influences of ICV come from the Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation and polar sea ice. In contrast to the realization-dependent ICV, the forced Tas response to external forcing has a temporal evolution that is similar over most of the globe (except its amplitude). For annual precipitation, however, the temporal evolution of the forced response is similar (opposite) to that of Tas over many mid-high latitude areas and the ITCZ (subtropical regions), but close to zero over the transition zones between the regions with positive and negative trends. The ICV in the transient climate change</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011GeoRL..3817609R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011GeoRL..3817609R"><span>Non-stationary <span class="hlt">internal</span> tides observed with satellite altimetry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ray, R. D.; Zaron, E. D.</p> <p>2011-09-01</p> <p>Temporal <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide is inferred from a 17-year combined record of Topex/Poseidon and Jason satellite altimeters. A global sampling of along-track sea-surface height wavenumber spectra finds that non-stationary variance is generally 25% or less of the average variance at wavenumbers characteristic of mode-1 tidal <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves. With some exceptions the non-stationary variance does not exceed 0.25 cm2. The mode-2 signal, where detectable, contains a larger fraction of non-stationary variance, typically 50% or more. Temporal subsetting of the data reveals interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> barely significant compared with tidal estimation error from 3-year records. Comparison of summer vs. winter conditions shows only one region of noteworthy seasonal changes, the northern South China Sea. Implications for the anticipated SWOT altimeter mission are briefly discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110020752','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110020752"><span>Non-Stationary <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Tides Observed with Satellite Altimetry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ray, Richard D.; Zaron, E. D.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Temporal <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide is inferred from a 17-year combined record of Topex/Poseidon and Jason satellite altimeters. A global sampling of along-track sea-surface height wavenumber spectra finds that non-stationary variance is generally 25% or less of the average variance at wavenumbers characteristic of mode-l tidal <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves. With some exceptions the non-stationary variance does not exceed 0.25 sq cm. The mode-2 signal, where detectable, contains a larger fraction of non-stationary variance, typically 50% or more. Temporal subsetting of the data reveals interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> barely significant compared with tidal estimation error from 3-year records. Comparison of summer vs. winter conditions shows only one region of noteworthy seasonal changes, the northern South China Sea. Implications for the anticipated SWOT altimeter mission are briefly discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28243882','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28243882"><span>Improving patient outcomes in fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome: an <span class="hlt">international</span> multidisciplinary workshop to inform an <span class="hlt">international</span> partnership.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Boyce, A M; Turner, A; Watts, L; Forestier-Zhang, L; Underhill, A; Pinedo-Villanueva, R; Monsell, F; Tessaris, D; Burren, C; Masi, L; Hamdy, N; Brandi, M L; Chapurlat, R; Collins, M T; Javaid, Muhammad Kassim</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>To develop consensus on improving the management of patients, we convened an <span class="hlt">international</span> workshop involving patients, clinicians, and researchers. Key findings included the diagnostic delay and <span class="hlt">variability</span> in subsequent management with agreement to develop an <span class="hlt">international</span> natural history study. We now invite other stakeholders to join the partnership. The aim of this study was develop a consensus on how to improve the management of patients with fibrous dysplasia and prioritize areas for research METHODS: An <span class="hlt">international</span> workshop was held over 3 days involving patients, clinicians, and researchers. Each day had a combination of formal presentations and facilitated discussions that focused on clinical pathways and research. The patient workshop day highlighted the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of patients' experience in getting a diagnosis, the knowledge of general clinical staff, and understanding long-term outcomes. The research workshop prioritized collaborations that improved understanding of the contemporary natural history of fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome (FD/MAS). The clinical workshop outlined the key issues around diagnostics, assessment of severity, treatment and monitoring of patients. In spite of advances in understanding the genetic and molecular underpinnings of fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome, clinical management remains a challenge. From the workshop, a consensus was reached to create an <span class="hlt">international</span>, multi-stakeholder partnership to advance research and clinical care in FD/MAS. We invite other stakeholders to join the partnership.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AAN...581....1W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AAN...581....1W"><span>Monitoring HD 148703 during upcoming eclipses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Waagen, Elizabeth O.</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p> gathering more data points. B or Ic data would also be useful; B is preferred to Ic. If imaging in more than one filter, please make five V observations for each B or Ic.Visual observations are also welcome. For spectroscopy now through June 20, resolution of at least a few thousands is needed. Coordinates: RA = 16 31 22.93 Dec = -34 42 15.7 (2000.0). Finder charts may be created and data from the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> <span class="hlt">International</span> Database may be viewed, plotted, or downloaded (www.<span class="hlt">aavso</span>.org).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=image+AND+word&pg=6&id=EJ926163','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=image+AND+word&pg=6&id=EJ926163"><span>Temporal <span class="hlt">Variability</span> and Stability in Infant-Directed Sung Speech: Evidence for Language-Specific Patterns</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Falk, Simone</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>In this paper, sung speech is used as a methodological tool to explore temporal <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the timing of word-<span class="hlt">internal</span> consonants and vowels. It is hypothesized that temporal <span class="hlt">variability</span>/stability becomes clearer under the varying rhythmical conditions induced by song. This is explored cross-linguistically in German--a language that exhibits a…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.nrel.gov/international/global_energy.html','SCIGOVWS'); return false;" href="https://www.nrel.gov/international/global_energy.html"><span>NREL: <span class="hlt">International</span> Activities - Assessments and Tools</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.science.gov/aboutsearch.html">Science.gov Websites</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>for Solar and Wind Energy, a collaborative, <em>open</em>-architecture project led by the <span class="hlt">International</span> Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) for Multilateral Solar and Wind Working <em>Group</em> of the Clean Energy associated with integrating <span class="hlt">variable</span> renewable energy into the power grid. OpenEI: <em>Open</em> Energy Information</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.3651F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.3651F"><span>ENSO-related Interannual <span class="hlt">Variability</span> of Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation: Assessment and Projected Changes in CMIP5 Models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Frederiksen, Carsten; Grainger, Simon; Zheng, Xiaogu; Sisson, Janice</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>ENSO <span class="hlt">variability</span> is an important driver of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) atmospheric circulation. Understanding the observed and projected changes in ENSO <span class="hlt">variability</span> is therefore important to understanding changes in Australian surface climate. Using a recently developed methodology (Zheng et al., 2009), the coherent patterns, or modes, of ENSO-related <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the SH atmospheric circulation can be separated from modes that are related to intraseasonal <span class="hlt">variability</span> or to changes in radiative forcings. Under this methodology, the seasonal mean SH 500 hPa geopotential height is considered to consist of three components. These are: (1) an intraseasonal component related to <span class="hlt">internal</span> dynamics on intraseasonal time scales; (2) a slow-<span class="hlt">internal</span> component related to <span class="hlt">internal</span> dynamics on slowly varying (interannual or longer) time scales, including ENSO; and (3) a slow-external component related to external (i.e. radiative) forcings. Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) are used to represent the modes of <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the interannual covariance of the three components. An assessment is first made of the modes in models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) dataset for the SH summer and winter seasons in the 20th century. In reanalysis data, two EOFs of the slow component (which includes the slow-<span class="hlt">internal</span> and slow-external components) have been found to be related to ENSO <span class="hlt">variability</span> (Frederiksen and Zheng, 2007). In SH summer, the CMIP5 models reproduce the leading ENSO mode very well when the structures of the EOF and the associated SST, and associated variance are considered. There is substantial improvement in this mode when compared with the CMIP3 models shown in Grainger et al. (2012). However, the second ENSO mode in SH summer has a poorly reproduced EOF structure in the CMIP5 models, and the associated variance is generally underestimated. In SH winter, the performance of the CMIP5 models in reproducing the structure and variance is</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25010484','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25010484"><span>The influence of an uncertain force environment on reshaping trial-to-trial motor <span class="hlt">variability</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Izawa, Jun; Yoshioka, Toshinori; Osu, Rieko</p> <p>2014-09-10</p> <p>Motor memory is updated to generate ideal movements in a novel environment. When the environment changes every trial randomly, how does the brain incorporate this uncertainty into motor memory? To investigate how the brain adapts to an uncertain environment, we considered a reach adaptation protocol where individuals practiced moving in a force field where a noise was injected. After they had adapted, we measured the trial-to-trial <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the temporal profiles of the produced hand force. We found that the motor <span class="hlt">variability</span> was significantly magnified by the adaptation to the random force field. Temporal profiles of the motor variance were significantly dissociable between two different types of random force fields experienced. A model-based analysis suggests that the <span class="hlt">variability</span> is generated by noise in the gains of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> model. It further suggests that the trial-to-trial motor <span class="hlt">variability</span> magnified by the adaptation in a random force field is generated by the uncertainty of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> model formed in the brain as a result of the adaptation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3830160','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3830160"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> predictors of burnout in psychiatric nurses: An Indian study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chakraborty, Rudraprosad; Chatterjee, Arunima; Chaudhury, Suprakash</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background: Research has not adequately focused on the issue of burnout in Psychiatric nurses, despite the fact that they suffer considerable stress in their work. Till date no study has been conducted on burnout among psychiatric nurses in India. Further, there is a particular lack of research in <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span> predicting burnout in them. Aims: To determine whether there are any <span class="hlt">internal</span> psychological factors relevant to burnout in psychiatric nurses in India. Materials and Methods: We recruited 101 psychiatric nurses scoring less than two in General Health Questionnaire, version 12 (GHQ-12) from two psychiatric hospitals after obtaining informed consent. All subjects filled up a sociodemographic data sheet along with global adjustment scale, emotional maturity scale, PGI general well-being scale, locus of control scale, and Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI). Correlations between burnout and sociodemographic/clinical <span class="hlt">variables</span> were done by Pearson's r or Spearman's rho. Signi ficant <span class="hlt">variables</span> were entered in a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with total burnout score as dependent <span class="hlt">variable</span>. Results: Age, duration of total period of nursing, prior military training, locus of control, sense of general well-being, adjustment capabilities, and emotional maturity had significant relation with burnout. Of them, emotional maturity was the most significant protective factors against burnout along with adjustment capabilities, sense of physical well-being, and military training in decreasing significance. Together they explained 41% variation in total burnout score which is significant at <0.001 level. An <span class="hlt">internal</span> locus of control was inversely correlated with burnout, but failed to predict it in regression analysis. Conclusion: Emotional maturity, adjustability, sense of general physical well-being as well as prior military training significantly predicted lower burnout. Of them, emotional maturity was the most important predictor. <span class="hlt">Internal</span> locus of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24250044','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24250044"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> predictors of burnout in psychiatric nurses: An Indian study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chakraborty, Rudraprosad; Chatterjee, Arunima; Chaudhury, Suprakash</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>Research has not adequately focused on the issue of burnout in Psychiatric nurses, despite the fact that they suffer considerable stress in their work. Till date no study has been conducted on burnout among psychiatric nurses in India. Further, there is a particular lack of research in <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span> predicting burnout in them. To determine whether there are any <span class="hlt">internal</span> psychological factors relevant to burnout in psychiatric nurses in India. We recruited 101 psychiatric nurses scoring less than two in General Health Questionnaire, version 12 (GHQ-12) from two psychiatric hospitals after obtaining informed consent. All subjects filled up a sociodemographic data sheet along with global adjustment scale, emotional maturity scale, PGI general well-being scale, locus of control scale, and Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI). Correlations between burnout and sociodemographic/clinical <span class="hlt">variables</span> were done by Pearson's r or Spearman's rho. Signi ficant <span class="hlt">variables</span> were entered in a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with total burnout score as dependent <span class="hlt">variable</span>. Age, duration of total period of nursing, prior military training, locus of control, sense of general well-being, adjustment capabilities, and emotional maturity had significant relation with burnout. Of them, emotional maturity was the most significant protective factors against burnout along with adjustment capabilities, sense of physical well-being, and military training in decreasing significance. Together they explained 41% variation in total burnout score which is significant at <0.001 level. An <span class="hlt">internal</span> locus of control was inversely correlated with burnout, but failed to predict it in regression analysis. Emotional maturity, adjustability, sense of general physical well-being as well as prior military training significantly predicted lower burnout. Of them, emotional maturity was the most important predictor. <span class="hlt">Internal</span> locus of control was also correlated with lower burnout.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy...48.1187G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy...48.1187G"><span>Projections of Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grainger, Simon; Frederiksen, Carsten S.; Zheng, Xiaogu</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>An analysis is made of the coherent patterns, or modes, of interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> of Southern Hemisphere 500 hPa geopotential height field under current and projected climate change scenarios. Using three separate multi-model ensembles (MMEs) of coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, the interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the seasonal mean is separated into components related to (1) intraseasonal processes; (2) slowly-varying <span class="hlt">internal</span> dynamics; and (3) the slowly-varying response to external changes in radiative forcing. In the CMIP5 RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 experiments, there is very little change in the twenty-first century in the intraseasonal component modes, related to the Southern annular mode (SAM) and mid-latitude wave processes. The leading three slowly-varying <span class="hlt">internal</span> component modes are related to SAM, the El Niño-Southern oscillation (ENSO), and the South Pacific wave (SPW). Structural changes in the slow-<span class="hlt">internal</span> SAM and ENSO modes do not exceed a qualitative estimate of the spatial sampling error, but there is a consistent increase in the ENSO-related variance. Changes in the SPW mode exceed the sampling error threshold, but cannot be further attributed. Changes in the dominant slowly-varying external mode are related to projected changes in radiative forcing. They reflect thermal expansion of the tropical troposphere and associated changes in the Hadley Cell circulation. Changes in the externally-forced associated variance in the RCP8.5 experiment are an order of magnitude greater than for the <span class="hlt">internal</span> components, indicating that the SH seasonal mean circulation will be even more dominated by a SAM-like annular structure. Across the three MMEs, there is convergence in the projected response in the slow-external component.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ERL....13f4026S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ERL....13f4026S"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> in European summer temperatures at 1.5 °C and 2 °C of global warming</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Suarez-Gutierrez, Laura; Li, Chao; Müller, Wolfgang A.; Marotzke, Jochem</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>We use the 100-member Grand Ensemble with the climate model MPI-ESM to evaluate the controllability of mean and extreme European summer temperatures with the global mean temperature targets in the Paris Agreement. We find that European summer temperatures at 2 °C of global warming are on average 1 °C higher than at 1.5 °C of global warming with respect to pre-industrial levels. In a 2 °C warmer world, one out of every two European summer months would be warmer than ever observed in our current climate. Daily maximum temperature anomalies for extreme events with return periods of up to 500 years reach return levels of 7 °C at 2 °C of global warming and 5.5 °C at 1.5 °C of global warming. The largest differences in return levels for shorter return periods of 20 years are over southern Europe, where we find the highest mean temperature increase. In contrast, for events with return periods of over 100 years these differences are largest over central Europe, where we find the largest changes in temperature <span class="hlt">variability</span>. However, due to the large effect of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span>, only four out of every ten summer months in a 2 °C warmer world present mean temperatures that could be distinguishable from those in a 1.5 °C world. The distinguishability between the two climates is largest over southern Europe, while decreasing to around 10% distinguishable months over eastern Europe. Furthermore, we find that 10% of the most extreme and severe summer maximum temperatures in a 2 °C world could be avoided by limiting global warming to 1.5 °C.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26837625','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26837625"><span><span class="hlt">Internalized</span> HIV Stigma and Disclosure Concerns: Development and Validation of Two Scales in Spanish-Speaking Populations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hernansaiz-Garrido, Helena; Alonso-Tapia, Jesús</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Internalized</span> stigma and disclosure concerns are key elements for the study of mental health in people living with HIV. Since no measures of these constructs were available for Spanish population, this study sought to develop such instruments, to analyze their reliability and validity and to provide a short version. A heterogeneous sample of 458 adults from different Spanish-speaking countries completed the HIV-<span class="hlt">Internalized</span> Stigma Scale and the HIV-Disclosure Concerns Scale, along with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale and other socio-demographic <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Reliability and correlation analyses, exploratory factor analyses, path analyses with latent <span class="hlt">variables</span>, and ANOVAs were conducted to test the scales' psychometric properties. The scales showed good reliability in terms of <span class="hlt">internal</span> consistency and temporal stability, as well as good sensitivity and factorial and criterion validity. The HIV-<span class="hlt">Internalized</span> Stigma Scale and the HIV-Disclosure Concerns Scale are reliable and valid means to assess these <span class="hlt">variables</span> in several contexts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/870199','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/870199"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> combustion engine with rotary valve assembly having <span class="hlt">variable</span> intake valve timing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Hansen, Craig N.; Cross, Paul C.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>An <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engine has rotary valves associated with movable shutters operable to vary the closing of intake air/fuel port sections to obtain peak volumetric efficiency over the entire range of speed of the engine. The shutters are moved automatically by a control mechanism that is responsive to the RPM of the engine. A foot-operated lever associated with the control mechanism is also used to move the shutters between their open and closed positions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22972248','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22972248"><span>The use of heart rate <span class="hlt">variability</span> in assessing precompetitive stress in high-standard judo athletes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morales, J; Garcia, V; García-Massó, X; Salvá, P; Escobar, R; Buscà, B</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>The objective of this study is to examine the sensitivity to and changes in heart rate <span class="hlt">variability</span> (HRV) in stressful situations before judo competitions and to observe the differences among judo athletes according to their competitive standards in both official and unofficial competitions. 24 (10 male and 14 female) national- and <span class="hlt">international</span>-standard athletes were evaluated. Each participant answered the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) and their HRV was recorded both during an official and unofficial competition. The MANOVA showed significant main effects of the athlete's standard and the type of competition in CSAI-2R, in HRV time domain, in HRV frequency domain and in HRV nonlinear analysis (p<0.05). <span class="hlt">International</span>-standard judo athletes have lower somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, heart rate and low-high frequency ratio than national-standard athletes (p<0.05). <span class="hlt">International</span>-standard athletes have a higher confidence, mean RR interval, standard deviation of RR, square root of the mean squared difference of successive RR intervals, number of consecutive RR that differ by more than 5 ms, short-term <span class="hlt">variability</span>, long-term <span class="hlt">variability</span>, long-range scaling exponents and short-range scaling exponent than national-standard judo athletes. In conclusion, <span class="hlt">international</span>-standard athletes show less pre-competitive anxiety than the national-standard athletes and HRV analysis is sensitive to changes in pre-competitive anxiety. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..44.5749K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeoRL..44.5749K"><span>Pronounced differences between observed and CMIP5-simulated multidecadal climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the twentieth century</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kravtsov, Sergey</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Identification and dynamical attribution of multidecadal climate undulations to either variations in external forcings or to <span class="hlt">internal</span> sources is one of the most important topics of modern climate science, especially in conjunction with the issue of human-induced global warming. Here we utilize ensembles of twentieth century climate simulations to isolate the forced signal and residual <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> in a network of observed and modeled climate indices. The observed <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> so estimated exhibits a pronounced multidecadal mode with a distinctive spatiotemporal signature, which is altogether absent in model simulations. This single mode explains a major fraction of model-data differences over the entire climate index network considered; it may reflect either biases in the models' forced response or models' lack of requisite <span class="hlt">internal</span> dynamics, or a combination of both.<abstract type="synopsis"><title type="main">Plain Language SummaryGlobal and regional warming trends over the course of the twentieth century have been nonuniform, with decadal and longer periods of faster or slower warming, or even cooling. Here we show that state-of-the-art global models used to predict climate fail to adequately reproduce such multidecadal climate variations. In particular, the models underestimate the magnitude of the observed <span class="hlt">variability</span> and misrepresent its spatial pattern. Therefore, our ability to interpret the observed climate change using these models is limited.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA627161','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA627161"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> Wave Impact on the Performance of a Hypothetical Mine Hunting Sonar</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>time steps) to simulate the propagation of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave field through the mine field. Again the transmission loss and acoustic signal strength...dependent <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave perturbed sound speed profile was evaluated by calculating the temporal <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the signal excess (SE) of acoustic...<span class="hlt">internal</span> wave perturbation of the sound speed profile, was calculated for a limited sound speed field time section. Acoustic signals were projected</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12291410','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12291410"><span>Environmental concerns and <span class="hlt">international</span> migration.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hugo, G</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>"This article focuses on <span class="hlt">international</span> migration occurring as a result of environmental changes and processes. It briefly reviews attempts to conceptualize environment-related migration and then considers the extent to which environmental factors have been and may be significant in initiating migration. Following is an examination of migration as an independent <span class="hlt">variable</span> in the migration-environment relationship. Finally, ethical and policy dimensions are addressed."</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19571203','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19571203"><span>Gravity dependence of subjective visual vertical <span class="hlt">variability</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tarnutzer, A A; Bockisch, C; Straumann, D; Olasagasti, I</p> <p>2009-09-01</p> <p>The brain integrates sensory input from the otolith organs, the semicircular canals, and the somatosensory and visual systems to determine self-orientation relative to gravity. Only the otoliths directly sense the gravito-inertial force vector and therefore provide the major input for perceiving static head-roll relative to gravity, as measured by the subjective visual vertical (SVV). Intraindividual SVV <span class="hlt">variability</span> increases with head roll, which suggests that the effectiveness of the otolith signal is roll-angle dependent. We asked whether SVV <span class="hlt">variability</span> reflects the spatial distribution of the otolithic sensors and the otolith-derived acceleration estimate. Subjects were placed in different roll orientations (0-360 degrees, 15 degrees steps) and asked to align an arrow with perceived vertical. <span class="hlt">Variability</span> was minimal in upright, increased with head-roll peaking around 120-135 degrees, and decreased to intermediate values at 180 degrees. Otolith-dependent <span class="hlt">variability</span> was modeled by taking into consideration the nonuniform distribution of the otolith afferents and their nonlinear firing rate. The otolith-derived estimate was combined with an <span class="hlt">internal</span> bias shifting the estimated gravity-vector toward the body-longitudinal. Assuming an efficient otolith estimator at all roll angles, peak <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the model matched our data; however, modeled <span class="hlt">variability</span> in upside-down and upright positions was very similar, which is at odds with our findings. By decreasing the effectiveness of the otolith estimator with increasing roll, simulated <span class="hlt">variability</span> matched our experimental findings better. We suggest that modulations of SVV precision in the roll plane are related to the properties of the otolith sensors and to central computational mechanisms that are not optimally tuned for roll-angles distant from upright.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040171821&hterms=chronicle&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dchronicle','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040171821&hterms=chronicle&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dchronicle"><span>Brightness Variations in the Central Star of Eta Carinae From 1998 to the Present</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Martin, J. C.; Koppelman, M. D.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Recently, Eta Carinae has varied suprisingly in brightness combining a long term brightening trend with a 5.5-year cycle and unpredictable sporadic jumps. Only the Hubble Space Telescope had been able to provide reliable photometry of the central star resolved separately from its bright ejecta. We present data from the Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and the Advanced Camera for Surveys High Resolution Camera (ACS/HRC) which chronicle the dramatic brightening of the central star of Eta Carinae from the 1998 "event" through 2000 and show that is has continued to slowly brighten. More frequent photometry during its recent "event" and a continued rise afterward. These data are compared to the more long term data compiled by the American Association of <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Star Observers (<span class="hlt">AAVSO</span>) which also shows substantial brightening between events and other intervening fluctuations in the brightness of Eta Carinae at visual wavelengths.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SSRv..158...91V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SSRv..158...91V"><span>Physics of Magnetospheric <span class="hlt">Variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vasyliūnas, Vytenis M.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Many widely used methods for describing and understanding the magnetosphere are based on balance conditions for quasi-static equilibrium (this is particularly true of the classical theory of magnetosphere/ionosphere coupling, which in addition presupposes the equilibrium to be stable); they may therefore be of limited applicability for dealing with time-<span class="hlt">variable</span> phenomena as well as for determining cause-effect relations. The large-scale <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the magnetosphere can be produced both by changing external (solar-wind) conditions and by non-equilibrium <span class="hlt">internal</span> dynamics. Its developments are governed by the basic equations of physics, especially Maxwell's equations combined with the unique constraints of large-scale plasma; the requirement of charge quasi-neutrality constrains the electric field to be determined by plasma dynamics (generalized Ohm's law) and the electric current to match the existing curl of the magnetic field. The structure and dynamics of the ionosphere/magnetosphere/solar-wind system can then be described in terms of three interrelated processes: (1) stress equilibrium and disequilibrium, (2) magnetic flux transport, (3) energy conversion and dissipation. This provides a framework for a unified formulation of settled as well as of controversial issues concerning, e.g., magnetospheric substorms and magnetic storms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A51O..05A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A51O..05A"><span>The Interplay of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> and Forced Modes of Hadley Cell Expansion: Lessons from the Global Warming Hiatus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Amaya, D. J.; Siler, N.; Xie, S. P.; Miller, A. J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The poleward branches of the Hadley Cells show a robust shift poleward shift during the satellite era, leading to concerns over the possible encroachment of the globe's subtropical dry zones into currently temperate climates. The extent to which this trend is caused by anthropogenic forcing versus <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> remains the subject of considerable debate. In this study, we us a joint EOF method to identify two distinct modes of Hadley Cell <span class="hlt">variability</span>: (i) an anthropogenically-forced mode, which we identify using a 20-member simulation of the historical climate, and (ii) an <span class="hlt">internal</span> mode, which identify using a 1000-year pre-industrial control simulation with a global climate model. The forced mode is found to be closely related to the TOA radiative imbalance and exhibits a long-term trend since 1860, while the <span class="hlt">internal</span> mode is found to be essentially indistinguishable from the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Together these two modes explain an average of 70% of the interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> seen in model "edge indices" over the historical period. Since 1980, the superposition of forced and <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes has resulted in a period of accelerated Hadley Cell expansion and decelerated global warming (i.e., the "hiatus"). A comparison of the change in these modes since 1980 indicates that by 2013 the signal has emerged above the noise of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), but not in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), with the latter also exhibiting strong zonal asymmetry, particularly in the North Atlantic. Our results highlight the important interplay of <span class="hlt">internal</span> and forced modes of Hadley Cell width change and improve our understanding of the interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> and long-term trend seen in observations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy..tmp..782A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ClDy..tmp..782A"><span>The interplay of <span class="hlt">internal</span> and forced modes of Hadley Cell expansion: lessons from the global warming hiatus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Amaya, Dillon J.; Siler, Nicholas; Xie, Shang-Ping; Miller, Arthur J.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The poleward branches of the Hadley Cells and the edge of the tropics show a robust poleward shift during the satellite era, leading to concerns over the possible encroachment of the globe's subtropical dry zones into currently temperate climates. The extent to which this trend is caused by anthropogenic forcing versus <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> remains the subject of considerable debate. In this study, we use a Joint EOF method to identify two distinct modes of tropical width <span class="hlt">variability</span>: (1) an anthropogenically-forced mode, which we identify using a 20-member simulation of the historical climate, and (2) an <span class="hlt">internal</span> mode, which we identify using a 1000-year pre-industrial control simulation. The forced mode is found to be closely related to the top of the atmosphere radiative imbalance and exhibits a long-term trend since 1860, while the <span class="hlt">internal</span> mode is essentially indistinguishable from the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Together these two modes explain an average of 70% of the interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> seen in model "edge indices" over the historical period. Since 1980, the superposition of forced and <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes has resulted in a period of accelerated Hadley Cell expansion and decelerated global warming (i.e., the "hiatus"). A comparison of the change in these modes since 1980 indicates that by 2013 the signal has emerged above the noise of <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the Southern Hemisphere, but not in the Northern Hemisphere, with the latter also exhibiting strong zonal asymmetry, particularly in the North Atlantic. Our results highlight the important interplay of <span class="hlt">internal</span> and forced modes of tropical width change and improve our understanding of the interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> and long-term trend seen in observations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED555614.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED555614.pdf"><span>Interview and Assessment: Practice of <span class="hlt">International</span> Student Services in Higher Education</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Isomine, Sei</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study is to explore what types of student services are useful in helping <span class="hlt">international</span> students make a smooth transition to American college experience. Four members from an <span class="hlt">international</span> student office at a particular four-year university in the U.S. were interviewed to discuss <span class="hlt">variables</span> in student support services. The…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26365438','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26365438"><span>Diagnostic Value of Selected Echocardiographic <span class="hlt">Variables</span> to Identify Pulmonary Hypertension in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tidholm, A; Höglund, K; Häggström, J; Ljungvall, I</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is commonly associated with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Because dogs with PH present without measureable tricuspid regurgitation (TR), it would be useful to investigate echocardiographic <span class="hlt">variables</span> that can identify PH. To investigate associations between estimated systolic TR pressure gradient (TRPG) and dog characteristics and selected echocardiographic <span class="hlt">variables</span>. 156 privately owned dogs. Prospective observational study comparing the estimations of TRPG with dog characteristics and selected echocardiographic <span class="hlt">variables</span> in dogs with MMVD and measureable TR. Tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient was significantly (P < .05) associated with body weight corrected right (RVIDDn) and left (LVIDDn) ventricular end-diastolic and systolic (LVIDSn) <span class="hlt">internal</span> diameters, pulmonary arterial (PA) acceleration to deceleration time ratio (AT/DT), heart rate, left atrial to aortic root ratio (LA/Ao), and the presence of congestive heart failure. Four <span class="hlt">variables</span> remained significant in the multiple regression analysis with TRPG as a dependent <span class="hlt">variable</span>: modeled as linear <span class="hlt">variables</span> LA/Ao (P < .0001) and RVIDDn (P = .041), modeled as second order polynomial <span class="hlt">variables</span>: AT/DT (P = .0039) and LVIDDn (P < .0001) The adjusted R(2) -value for the final model was 0.45 and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested the model's performance to predict PH, defined as 36, 45, and 55 mmHg as fair (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.80), good (AUC = 0.86), and excellent (AUC = 0.92), respectively. In dogs with MMVD, the presence of PH might be suspected with the combination of decreased PA AT/DT, increased RVIDDn and LA/Ao, and a small or great LVIDDn. Copyright © 2015 The Authors Journal of Veterinary <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5400366','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5400366"><span>Domestic and <span class="hlt">International</span> Climate Migration from Rural Mexico</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nawrotzki, Raphael J.; Runfola, Daniel M.; Hunter, Lori M.; Riosmena, Fernando</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Evidence is increasing that climate change and <span class="hlt">variability</span> may influence human migration patterns. However, there is less agreement regarding the type of migration streams most strongly impacted. This study tests whether climate change more strongly impacted <span class="hlt">international</span> compared to domestic migration from rural Mexico during 1986-99. We employ eight temperature and precipitation-based climate change indices linked to detailed migration histories obtained from the Mexican Migration Project. Results from multilevel discrete-time event-history models challenge the assumption that climate-related migration will be predominantly short distance and domestic, but instead show that climate change more strongly impacted <span class="hlt">international</span> moves from rural Mexico. The stronger climate impact on <span class="hlt">international</span> migration may be explained by the self-insurance function of <span class="hlt">international</span> migration, the presence of strong migrant networks, and climate-related changes in wage difference. While a warming in temperature increased <span class="hlt">international</span> outmigration, higher levels of precipitation declined the odds of an <span class="hlt">international</span> move. PMID:28439146</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28439146','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28439146"><span>Domestic and <span class="hlt">International</span> Climate Migration from Rural Mexico.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nawrotzki, Raphael J; Runfola, Daniel M; Hunter, Lori M; Riosmena, Fernando</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Evidence is increasing that climate change and <span class="hlt">variability</span> may influence human migration patterns. However, there is less agreement regarding the type of migration streams most strongly impacted. This study tests whether climate change more strongly impacted <span class="hlt">international</span> compared to domestic migration from rural Mexico during 1986-99. We employ eight temperature and precipitation-based climate change indices linked to detailed migration histories obtained from the Mexican Migration Project. Results from multilevel discrete-time event-history models challenge the assumption that climate-related migration will be predominantly short distance and domestic, but instead show that climate change more strongly impacted <span class="hlt">international</span> moves from rural Mexico. The stronger climate impact on <span class="hlt">international</span> migration may be explained by the self-insurance function of <span class="hlt">international</span> migration, the presence of strong migrant networks, and climate-related changes in wage difference. While a warming in temperature increased <span class="hlt">international</span> outmigration, higher levels of precipitation declined the odds of an <span class="hlt">international</span> move.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JAVSO..40..407L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JAVSO..40..407L"><span>Flares, Fears, and Forecasts: Public Misconceptions About the Sunspot Cycle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Larsen, K.</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>Among the disaster scenarios perpetrated by 2012 apocalypse aficionados is the destruction of humankind due to solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These scenarios reflect common misconceptions regarding the solar cycle. This paper (based on an annual meeting poster) sheds light on those misconceptions and how the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> Solar Section can address them.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAVSO..45..159L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAVSO..45..159L"><span>Multi-color Photometry of the Hot R Coronae Borealis Star, MV Sagittarii</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Landolt, A. U.; Clem, J. L.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>A long term program of photoelectric UBVRI photometry has been combined with <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> archival data for the hot, R CrB-type hydrogen deficient star MV Sgr. A deep minimum and a trend of decreasing brightness over time at maximum light thereby become evident. Variations seen via monitoring with a CCD detector also are described.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050156082','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050156082"><span>Developing Passenger Demand Models for <span class="hlt">International</span> Aviation from/to Egypt: A Case Study of Cairo Airport and Egyptair</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Abbas, Khaled A.; Fattah, Nabil Abdel; Reda, Hala R.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>This research is concerned with developing passenger demand models for <span class="hlt">international</span> aviation from/to Egypt. In this context, aviation sector in Egypt is represented by the biggest and main airport namely Cairo airport as well as by the main Egyptian <span class="hlt">international</span> air carrier namely Egyptair. The developed models utilize two <span class="hlt">variables</span> to represent aviation demand, namely total number of <span class="hlt">international</span> flights originating from and attracted to Cairo airport as well as total number of passengers using Egyptair <span class="hlt">international</span> flights originating from and attracted to Cairo airport. Such demand <span class="hlt">variables</span> were related, using different functional forms, to several explanatory <span class="hlt">variables</span> including population, GDP and number of foreign tourists. Finally, two models were selected based on their logical acceptability, best fit and statistical significance. To demonstrate usefulness of developed models, these were used to forecast future demand patterns.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040111083','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040111083"><span>Specification of ISS Plasma Environment <span class="hlt">Variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Minow, Joseph I.; Neergaard, Linda F.; Bui, Them H.; Mikatarian, Ronald R.; Barsamian, H.; Koontz, Steven L.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Quantifying spacecraft charging risks and associated hazards for the <span class="hlt">International</span> Space Station (ISS) requires a plasma environment specification for the natural <span class="hlt">variability</span> of ionospheric temperature (Te) and density (Ne). Empirical ionospheric specification and forecast models such as the <span class="hlt">International</span> Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model typically only provide long term (seasonal) mean Te and Ne values for the low Earth orbit environment. This paper describes a statistical analysis of historical ionospheric low Earth orbit plasma measurements from the AE-C, AE-D, and DE-2 satellites used to derive a model of deviations of observed data values from IRI-2001 estimates of Ne, Te parameters for each data point to provide a statistical basis for modeling the deviations of the plasma environment from the IRI model output. Application of the deviation model with the IRI-2001 output yields a method for estimating extreme environments for the ISS spacecraft charging analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1219661','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1219661"><span>Integrating <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Renewable Energy in Electric Power Markets. Best Practices from <span class="hlt">International</span> Experience</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Cochran, Jaquelin; Bird, Lori; Heeter, Jenny</p> <p></p> <p>Many countries—reflecting very different geographies, markets, and power systems—are successfully managing high levels of <span class="hlt">variable</span> renewable energy on the electric grid, including that from wind and solar energy. This document summarizes policy best practices that energy ministers and other stakeholders can pursue to ensure that electricity markets and power systems can effectively coevolve with increasing penetrations of <span class="hlt">variable</span> renewable energy. There is no one-size-fits-all approach; each country studied has crafted its own combination of policies, market designs, and system operations to achieve the system reliability and flexibility needed to successfully integrate renewables. Notwithstanding this diversity, the approaches taken by themore » countries studied all coalesce around five strategic areas: lead public engagement, particularly for new transmission; coordinate and integrate planning; develop rules for market evolution that enable system flexibility; expand access to diverse resources and geographic footprint of operations; and improve system operations. This study also emphatically underscores the value of countries sharing their experiences. The more diverse and robust the experience base from which a country can draw, the more likely that it will be able to implement an appropriate, optimized, and system-wide approach.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA186116','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA186116"><span>An Analysis of Freight Forwarder Operations in an <span class="hlt">International</span> Distribution Channel.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>44 3. <span class="hlt">International</span> Marketing Mix ....................... 45 4. Security Assistance Distribution Channel .......... 69 5...an item is ultimately derived from the interaction of <span class="hlt">variables</span> in the marketing mix . Of those <span class="hlt">variables</span>, the distribution functions seem to allow the...Component of the Marketing Mix ,"Proceedings, NCPDM Fall Meeting, National council of Physical Distribution Management, San Francisco, CA., 1982. 7</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPA24A..04O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMPA24A..04O"><span>Human Responses to Climate <span class="hlt">Variability</span>: The Case of South Africa</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oppenheimer, M.; Licker, R.; Mastrorillo, M.; Bohra-Mishra, P.; Estes, L. D.; Cai, R.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> has been associated with a range of societal and individual outcomes including migration, violent conflict, changes in labor productivity, and health impacts. Some of these may be direct responses to changes in mean temperature or precipitation or extreme events, such as displacement of human populations by tropical cyclones. Others may be mediated by a variety of biological, social, or ecological factors such as migration in response to long-term changes in crops yields. Research is beginning to elucidate and distinguish the many channels through which climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> may influence human behavior (ranging from the individual to the collective, societal level) in order to better understand how to improve resilience in the face of current <span class="hlt">variability</span> as well as future climate change. Using a variety of data sets from South Africa, we show how climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> has influenced <span class="hlt">internal</span> (within country) migration in recent history. We focus on South Africa as it is a country with high levels of <span class="hlt">internal</span> migration and dramatic temperature and precipitation changes projected for the 21st century. High poverty rates and significant levels of rain-fed, smallholder agriculture leave large portions of South Africa's population base vulnerable to future climate change. In this study, we utilize two complementary statistical models - one micro-level model, driven by individual and household level survey data, and one macro-level model, driven by national census statistics. In both models, we consider the effect of climate on migration both directly (with gridded climate reanalysis data) and indirectly (with agricultural production statistics). With our historical analyses of climate <span class="hlt">variability</span>, we gain insights into how the migration decisions of South Africans may be influenced by future climate change. We also offer perspective on the utility of micro and macro level approaches in the study of climate change and human migration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A23G0296L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A23G0296L"><span>The Climate <span class="hlt">Variability</span> & Predictability (CVP) Program at NOAA - Recent Program Advancements in Understanding AMOC</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lucas, S. E.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Climate <span class="hlt">Variability</span> & Predictability (CVP) Program supports research aimed at providing process-level understanding of the climate system through observation, modeling, analysis, and field studies. This vital knowledge is needed to improve climate models and predictions so that scientists can better anticipate the impacts of future climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> and change. To achieve its mission, the CVP Program supports research carried out at NOAA and other federal laboratories, NOAA Cooperative Institutes, and academic institutions. The Program also coordinates its sponsored projects with major national and <span class="hlt">international</span> scientific bodies including the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), the <span class="hlt">International</span> and U.S. Climate <span class="hlt">Variability</span> and Predictability (CLIVAR/US CLIVAR) Program, and the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). The CVP program sits within NOAA's Climate Program Office (http://cpo.noaa.gov/CVP). This poster will present the recently funded CVP projects on improving the understanding Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), its impact on decadal predictability, and its relationship with the overall climate system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=disorder+AND+development+AND+personality&pg=3&id=EJ914712','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=disorder+AND+development+AND+personality&pg=3&id=EJ914712"><span>Child <span class="hlt">Internalizing</span> Symptoms: Contributions of Child Temperament, Maternal Negative Affect, and Family Functioning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Crawford, Nicole A.; Schrock, Matthew; Woodruff-Borden, Janet</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Research has traditionally focused on the role of genetic and environmental <span class="hlt">variables</span> in the development and maintenance of childhood <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> disorders. Temperament <span class="hlt">variables</span>, such as negative affect and effortful control have gained considerable interest within the field of developmental psychopathology. Environmental factors such as…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AAN...388....1T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AAN...388....1T"><span>Nova Mus 2008 = QY Mus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Templeton, Matthew R.</p> <p>2008-10-01</p> <p>Nova Mus 2008 = QY Mus was discovered by William Liller, Vina del Mar, Chile, on 2008 September 28.998 UT at magnitude 8.6 (Tech Pan film + orange filter). The position is RA = 13h 16m 36.44s , Dec = -67d 36m 47.8s (from P. Nelson). This object was announced as a nova in IAU Circular 8990 (Daniel W.E. Green, editor). The nova classification was determined using low-resolution spectra by W. Liller indicating the presence of broad H-alpha lines at least 2300 angstroms wide. Several observers confirmed the nova and provided photometry. The position above was provided by Peter Nelson (Ellinbank, Vic., Aus.), and is averaged from four separate exposures (rms error approx. 0.4 arcseconds). The GCVS team have formally designated Nova Mus 2008 as QY MUS. Observations should be reported to the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> <span class="hlt">International</span> Database as QY MUS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810531','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810531"><span>FRAX® <span class="hlt">International</span> Task Force of the 2010 Joint <span class="hlt">International</span> Society for Clinical Densitometry & <span class="hlt">International</span> Osteoporosis Foundation Position Development Conference.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cauley, Jane A; El-Hajj Fuleihan, Ghada; Luckey, Marjorie M</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Osteoporosis is a serious worldwide epidemic. FRAX® is a web-based tool developed by the Sheffield WHO Collaborating Center team, that integrates clinical risk factors and femoral neck BMD and calculates the 10 year fracture probability in order to help health care professionals identify patients who need treatment. However, only 31 countries have a FRAX® calculator. In the absence of a FRAX® model for a particular country, it has been suggested to use a surrogate country for which the epidemiology of osteoporosis most closely approximates the index country. More specific recommendations for clinicians in these countries are not available. In North America, concerns have also been raised regarding the assumptions used to construct the US ethnic specific FRAX® calculators with respect to the correction factors applied to derive fracture probabilities in Blacks, Asians and Hispanics in comparison to Whites. In addition, questions were raised about calculating fracture risk in other ethnic groups e.g., Native Americans and First Canadians. The <span class="hlt">International</span> Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) in conjunction with the <span class="hlt">International</span> Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) assembled an <span class="hlt">international</span> panel of experts that ultimately developed joint Official Positions of the ISCD and IOF advising clinicians regarding FRAX® usage. As part of the process, the charge of the FRAX® <span class="hlt">International</span> Task Force was to review and synthesize data regarding geographic and race/ethnic <span class="hlt">variability</span> in hip fractures, non-hip osteoporotic fractures, and make recommendations about the use of FRAX® in ethnic groups and countries without a FRAX® calculator. This synthesis was presented to the expert panel and constitutes the data on which the subsequent Official Positions are predicated. A summary of the <span class="hlt">International</span> Task Force composition and charge is presented here. Copyright © 2011 The <span class="hlt">International</span> Society for Clinical Densitometry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428539','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428539"><span>Separating decadal global water cycle <span class="hlt">variability</span> from sea level rise.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hamlington, B D; Reager, J T; Lo, M-H; Karnauskas, K B; Leben, R R</p> <p>2017-04-20</p> <p>Under a warming climate, amplification of the water cycle and changes in precipitation patterns over land are expected to occur, subsequently impacting the terrestrial water balance. On global scales, such changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) will be reflected in the water contained in the ocean and can manifest as global sea level variations. Naturally occurring climate-driven TWS <span class="hlt">variability</span> can temporarily obscure the long-term trend in sea level rise, in addition to modulating the impacts of sea level rise through natural periodic undulation in regional and global sea level. The <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the global water cycle, therefore, confounds both the detection and attribution of sea level rise. Here, we use a suite of observations to quantify and map the contribution of TWS <span class="hlt">variability</span> to sea level <span class="hlt">variability</span> on decadal timescales. In particular, we find that decadal sea level <span class="hlt">variability</span> centered in the Pacific Ocean is closely tied to low frequency <span class="hlt">variability</span> of TWS in key areas across the globe. The unambiguous identification and clean separation of this component of <span class="hlt">variability</span> is the missing step in uncovering the anthropogenic trend in sea level and understanding the potential for low-frequency modulation of future TWS impacts including flooding and drought.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24028929','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24028929"><span>The practice of <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine in Europe: organisation, clinical conditions and procedures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cranston, Mark; Semple, Colin; Duckitt, Roger; Vardi, Moshe; Lindgren, Stefan; Davidson, Christopher; Palsson, Runolfur</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>Current information on the role of internists in the European countries is scarce. This report describes the results of a survey of the practice of internists in Europe. Two online questionnaire-based surveys were carried out by the European Board of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine, one on the practice of internists and the other on postgraduate training in <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine. The national <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine societies of all 30 member countries of the European Federation of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine were invited to participate. The responses were reviewed by <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine trainees from the respective countries and summaries of the data were sent to the national societies for approval. Descriptive analysis of the data on the practice of internists was carried out. Twenty-seven countries (90%) completed the questionnaire and approved their datasets. In 8 European countries, most internists practised <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine alone and in 7 countries at least half of physicians practised <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine together with a subspecialty. <span class="hlt">Internal</span> medicine was considered a hospital-based specialty in most countries. The majority of selected presenting problems and diagnoses were rated as commonly encountered in all countries. More <span class="hlt">variability</span> between countries was observed in the performance of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Many similarities exist in the practice of <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine between the European countries, while some differences are present that likely reflect the <span class="hlt">variable</span> impact of subspecialisation. The results of the survey should prove valuable for the definition of specific competencies and development of a common curriculum for <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine at the European level. © 2013.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A53D2281M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A53D2281M"><span>Decadal <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the Northern Hemisphere winter circulation: Role of <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external drivers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Maliniemi, V.; Asikainen, T.; Mursula, K.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Northern Hemisphere winter circulation is known to be affected by both <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external (solar-related) forcings. Earlier studies have shown ENSO and volcanic activity to produce negative and positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) type responses, respectively. In addition, recent studies have shown a positive NAO response related to both geomagnetic activity (proxy for solar wind driven particle precipitation) and sunspot activity (proxy for solar irradiance). These solar-related signals have been suggested to be due to the changes in the polar vortex. Here the relative role of these four <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external drivers on wintertime circulation in the Northern Hemisphere is studied. The phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is used to study the driver responses for different stratospheric conditions. Moreover, the effects are separated for early (Dec/Jan) and late (Feb/Mar) winter. The global pattern of ENSO is very similar (negative NAO) otherwise, but in early winter and westerly QBO the pattern is changed in the Atlantic sector to a weakly positive NAO. The positive NAO pattern due to volcanic activity is more pronounced for westerly QBO in both early and late winter. The positive NAO pattern produced by geomagnetic activity is obtained during easterly QBO phase in both early and late winter. Sunspot related NAO response in late winter is also strongly modulated by the QBO phase. These results imply that the stratospheric conditions expressed by QBO significantly modulate the way the <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external drivers affect the Northern Hemisphere winter climate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016CliPa..12.2107C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016CliPa..12.2107C"><span>The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary <span class="hlt">internal</span> climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> during the early Spörer Minimum with social and economic impacts in north-western and central Europe</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Camenisch, Chantal; Keller, Kathrin M.; Salvisberg, Melanie; Amann, Benjamin; Bauch, Martin; Blumer, Sandro; Brázdil, Rudolf; Brönnimann, Stefan; Büntgen, Ulf; Campbell, Bruce M. S.; Fernández-Donado, Laura; Fleitmann, Dominik; Glaser, Rüdiger; González-Rouco, Fidel; Grosjean, Martin; Hoffmann, Richard C.; Huhtamaa, Heli; Joos, Fortunat; Kiss, Andrea; Kotyza, Oldřich; Lehner, Flavio; Luterbacher, Jürg; Maughan, Nicolas; Neukom, Raphael; Novy, Theresa; Pribyl, Kathleen; Raible, Christoph C.; Riemann, Dirk; Schuh, Maximilian; Slavin, Philip; Werner, Johannes P.; Wetter, Oliver</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Changes in climate affected human societies throughout the last millennium. While European cold periods in the 17th and 18th century have been assessed in detail, earlier cold periods received much less attention due to sparse information available. New evidence from proxy archives, historical documentary sources and climate model simulations permit us to provide an interdisciplinary, systematic assessment of an exceptionally cold period in the 15th century. Our assessment includes the role of <span class="hlt">internal</span>, unforced climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> and external forcing in shaping extreme climatic conditions and the impacts on and responses of the medieval society in north-western and central Europe.Climate reconstructions from a multitude of natural and anthropogenic archives indicate that the 1430s were the coldest decade in north-western and central Europe in the 15th century. This decade is characterised by cold winters and average to warm summers resulting in a strong seasonal cycle in temperature. Results from comprehensive climate models indicate consistently that these conditions occurred by chance due to the partly chaotic <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> within the climate system. External forcing like volcanic eruptions tends to reduce simulated temperature seasonality and cannot explain the reconstructions. The strong seasonal cycle in temperature reduced food production and led to increasing food prices, a subsistence crisis and a famine in parts of Europe. Societies were not prepared to cope with failing markets and interrupted trade routes. In response to the crisis, authorities implemented numerous measures of supply policy and adaptation such as the installation of grain storage capacities to be prepared for future food production shortfalls.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JPhCS..90a2027B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JPhCS..90a2027B"><span>Wireless plataforms for the monitoring of biomedical <span class="hlt">variables</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bianco, Román; Laprovitta, Agustín; Misa, Alberto; Toselli, Eduardo; Castagnola, Juan Luis</p> <p>2007-11-01</p> <p>The present paper aims to analyze and to compare two wireless platforms for the monitoring of biomedical <span class="hlt">variables</span>. They must obtain the vital signals of the patients, transmit them through a radio frequency bond and centralize them for their process, storage and monitoring in real time. The implementation of this system permit us to obtain two important benefits; The patient will enjoy greater comfort during the <span class="hlt">internment</span>, and the doctors will be able to know the state of the biomedical <span class="hlt">variables</span> of each patient, in simultaneous form. In order to achieve the objective of this work, two communication systems for wireless transmissions data were developed and implemented. The CC1000 transceiver was used in the first system and the Bluetooth module was used in the other system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777161','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777161"><span>Rater <span class="hlt">variables</span> associated with ITER ratings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Paget, Michael; Wu, Caren; McIlwrick, Joann; Woloschuk, Wayne; Wright, Bruce; McLaughlin, Kevin</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>Advocates of holistic assessment consider the ITER a more authentic way to assess performance. But this assessment format is subjective and, therefore, susceptible to rater bias. Here our objective was to study the association between rater <span class="hlt">variables</span> and ITER ratings. In this observational study our participants were clerks at the University of Calgary and preceptors who completed online ITERs between February 2008 and July 2009. Our outcome <span class="hlt">variable</span> was global rating on the ITER (rated 1-5), and we used a generalized estimating equation model to identify <span class="hlt">variables</span> associated with this rating. Students were rated "above expected level" or "outstanding" on 66.4 % of 1050 online ITERs completed during the study period. Two rater <span class="hlt">variables</span> attenuated ITER ratings: the log transformed time taken to complete the ITER [β = -0.06, 95 % confidence interval (-0.10, -0.02), p = 0.002], and the number of ITERs that a preceptor completed over the time period of the study [β = -0.008 (-0.02, -0.001), p = 0.02]. In this study we found evidence of leniency bias that resulted in two thirds of students being rated above expected level of performance. This leniency bias appeared to be attenuated by delay in ITER completion, and was also blunted in preceptors who rated more students. As all biases threaten the <span class="hlt">internal</span> validity of the assessment process, further research is needed to confirm these and other sources of rater bias in ITER ratings, and to explore ways of limiting their impact.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11592333','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11592333"><span>Effect of carprofen on hemostatic <span class="hlt">variables</span> in dogs.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hickford, F H; Barr, S C; Erb, H N</p> <p>2001-10-01</p> <p>To evaluate the effect of carprofen on hemostatic <span class="hlt">variables</span> in clinically normal dogs. 12 clinically normal Labrador Retrievers. 10 dogs (6 females, 4 males) received carprofen (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 12 h) for 5 days. Two dogs (untreated control group; 1 female, 1 male) did not receive carprofen. Hemostatic <span class="hlt">variables</span> (platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, platelet aggregation, and bleeding time) were assessed for all dogs prior to treatment, on day 5 of treatment, and 2 and 7 days after discontinuation of the drug (days 7 and 12). Serum biochemical <span class="hlt">variables</span> and Hct were assessed prior to treatment and on days 5 and 12. In dogs receiving carprofen, platelet aggregation was significantly decreased, and onset of aggregation was significantly delayed on days 5, 7, and 12, compared with pretreatment values. Activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly increased on days 5, 7, and 12 over pretreatment values in treated dogs, but values remained within reference ranges. Significant differences were not detected in buccal mucosal bleeding time, other serum biochemical and hemostatic <span class="hlt">variables</span>, or Hct, compared with pretreatment values and the <span class="hlt">internal</span> control group. Administration of carprofen for 5 days causes minor but not clinically important alterations in hemostatic and serum biochemical <span class="hlt">variables</span> in clinically normal Labrador Retrievers. Carprofen is commonly used to treat osteoarthritis and chronic pain in dogs, but prior to this study, its effect on platelet aggregation and hemostatic <span class="hlt">variables</span> was unknown.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21468662','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21468662"><span>A multivariate model of parent-adolescent relationship <span class="hlt">variables</span> in early adolescence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McKinney, Cliff; Renk, Kimberly</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>Given the importance of predicting outcomes for early adolescents, this study examines a multivariate model of parent-adolescent relationship <span class="hlt">variables</span>, including parenting, family environment, and conflict. Participants, who completed measures assessing these <span class="hlt">variables</span>, included 710 culturally diverse 11-14-year-olds who were attending a middle school in a Southeastern state. The parents of a subset of these adolescents (i.e., 487 mother-father pairs) participated in this study as well. Correlational analyses indicate that authoritative and authoritarian parenting, family cohesion and adaptability, and conflict are significant predictors of early adolescents' <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> and externalizing problems. Structural equation modeling analyses indicate that fathers' parenting may not predict directly externalizing problems in male and female adolescents but instead may act through conflict. More direct relationships exist when examining mothers' parenting. The impact of parenting, family environment, and conflict on early adolescents' <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> and externalizing problems and the importance of both gender and cross-informant ratings are emphasized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27821360','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27821360"><span><span class="hlt">Internalized</span> stigma among psychiatric outpatients: Associations with quality of life, functioning, hope and self-esteem.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Picco, Louisa; Pang, Shirlene; Lau, Ying Wen; Jeyagurunathan, Anitha; Satghare, Pratika; Abdin, Edimansyah; Vaingankar, Janhavi Ajit; Lim, Susan; Poh, Chee Lien; Chong, Siow Ann; Subramaniam, Mythily</p> <p>2016-12-30</p> <p>This study aimed to: (i) determine the prevalence, socio-demographic and clinical correlates of <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma and (ii) explore the association between <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma and quality of life, general functioning, hope and self-esteem, among a multi-ethnic Asian population of patients with mental disorders. This cross-sectional, survey recruited adult patients (n=280) who were seeking treatment at outpatient and affiliated clinics of the only tertiary psychiatric hospital in Singapore. <span class="hlt">Internalized</span> stigma was measured using the <span class="hlt">Internalized</span> Stigma of Mental Illness scale. 43.6% experienced moderate to high <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma. After making adjustments in multiple logistic regression analysis, results revealed there were no significant socio-demographic or clinical correlates relating to <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma. Individual logistic regression models found a negative relationship between quality of life, self-esteem, general functioning and <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma whereby lower scores were associated with higher <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma. In the final regression model, which included all psychosocial <span class="hlt">variables</span> together, self-esteem was the only <span class="hlt">variable</span> significantly and negatively associated with <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the role <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma plays in patients with mental illness, and the impact it can have on psychosocial aspects of their lives. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1236592-application-high-performance-computing-studying-cyclic-variability-dilute-internal-combustion-engines','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1236592-application-high-performance-computing-studying-cyclic-variability-dilute-internal-combustion-engines"><span>Application of high performance computing for studying cyclic <span class="hlt">variability</span> in dilute <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>FINNEY, Charles E A; Edwards, Kevin Dean; Stoyanov, Miroslav K</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Combustion instabilities in dilute <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engines are manifest in cyclic <span class="hlt">variability</span> (CV) in engine performance measures such as integrated heat release or shaft work. Understanding the factors leading to CV is important in model-based control, especially with high dilution where experimental studies have demonstrated that deterministic effects can become more prominent. Observation of enough consecutive engine cycles for significant statistical analysis is standard in experimental studies but is largely wanting in numerical simulations because of the computational time required to compute hundreds or thousands of consecutive cycles. We have proposed and begun implementation of an alternative approach to allowmore » rapid simulation of long series of engine dynamics based on a low-dimensional mapping of ensembles of single-cycle simulations which map input parameters to output engine performance. This paper details the use Titan at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility to investigate CV in a gasoline direct-injected spark-ignited engine with a moderately high rate of dilution achieved through external exhaust gas recirculation. The CONVERGE CFD software was used to perform single-cycle simulations with imposed variations of operating parameters and boundary conditions selected according to a sparse grid sampling of the parameter space. Using an uncertainty quantification technique, the sampling scheme is chosen similar to a design of experiments grid but uses functions designed to minimize the number of samples required to achieve a desired degree of accuracy. The simulations map input parameters to output metrics of engine performance for a single cycle, and by mapping over a large parameter space, results can be interpolated from within that space. This interpolation scheme forms the basis for a low-dimensional metamodel which can be used to mimic the dynamical behavior of corresponding high-dimensional simulations. Simulations of high</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20638731','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20638731"><span>Proposal of a socio-cognitive-behavioral structural equation model of <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma in people with severe and persistent mental illness.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Muñoz, Manuel; Sanz, María; Pérez-Santos, Eloísa; Quiroga, María de Los Ángeles</p> <p>2011-04-30</p> <p>The social stigma of mental illness has received much attention in recent years and its effects on diverse <span class="hlt">variables</span> such as psychiatric symptoms, social functioning, self-esteem, self-efficacy, quality of life, and social integration are well established. However, <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma in people with severe and persistent mental illness has not received the same attention. The aim of the present work was to study the relationships between the principal <span class="hlt">variables</span> involved in the functioning of <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma (sociodemographic and clinical <span class="hlt">variables</span>, social stigma, psychosocial functioning, recovery expectations, empowerment, and discrimination experiences) in a sample of people with severe and persistent mental illness (N=108). The main characteristics of the sample and the differences between groups with high and low <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma were analyzed, a correlation analysis of the <span class="hlt">variables</span> was performed, and a structural equation model, integrating <span class="hlt">variables</span> of social, cognitive, and behavioral content, was proposed and tested. The results indicate the relationships among social stigma, discrimination experiences, recovery expectation, and <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma and their role in the psychosocial and behavioral outcomes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29364793','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29364793"><span>Threats to the <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Validity of Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research in Healthcare.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Flannelly, Kevin J; Flannelly, Laura T; Jankowski, Katherine R B</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The article defines, describes, and discusses the seven threats to the <span class="hlt">internal</span> validity of experiments discussed by Donald T. Campbell in his classic 1957 article: history, maturation, testing, instrument decay, statistical regression, selection, and mortality. These concepts are said to be threats to the <span class="hlt">internal</span> validity of experiments because they pose alternate explanations for the apparent causal relationship between the independent <span class="hlt">variable</span> and dependent <span class="hlt">variable</span> of an experiment if they are not adequately controlled. A series of simple diagrams illustrate three pre-experimental designs and three true experimental designs discussed by Campbell in 1957 and several quasi-experimental designs described in his book written with Julian C. Stanley in 1966. The current article explains why each design controls for or fails to control for these seven threats to <span class="hlt">internal</span> validity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4379956','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4379956"><span>Dependence of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Friction on Folding Mechanism</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>An outstanding challenge in protein folding is understanding the origin of “<span class="hlt">internal</span> friction” in folding dynamics, experimentally identified from the dependence of folding rates on solvent viscosity. A possible origin suggested by simulation is the crossing of local torsion barriers. However, it was unclear why <span class="hlt">internal</span> friction varied from protein to protein or for different folding barriers of the same protein. Using all-atom simulations with <span class="hlt">variable</span> solvent viscosity, in conjunction with transition-path sampling to obtain reaction rates and analysis via Markov state models, we are able to determine the <span class="hlt">internal</span> friction in the folding of several peptides and miniproteins. In agreement with experiment, we find that the folding events with greatest <span class="hlt">internal</span> friction are those that mainly involve helix formation, while hairpin formation exhibits little or no evidence of friction. Via a careful analysis of folding transition paths, we show that <span class="hlt">internal</span> friction arises when torsion angle changes are an important part of the folding mechanism near the folding free energy barrier. These results suggest an explanation for the variation of <span class="hlt">internal</span> friction effects from protein to protein and across the energy landscape of the same protein. PMID:25721133</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25721133','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25721133"><span>Dependence of <span class="hlt">internal</span> friction on folding mechanism.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zheng, Wenwei; De Sancho, David; Hoppe, Travis; Best, Robert B</p> <p>2015-03-11</p> <p>An outstanding challenge in protein folding is understanding the origin of "<span class="hlt">internal</span> friction" in folding dynamics, experimentally identified from the dependence of folding rates on solvent viscosity. A possible origin suggested by simulation is the crossing of local torsion barriers. However, it was unclear why <span class="hlt">internal</span> friction varied from protein to protein or for different folding barriers of the same protein. Using all-atom simulations with <span class="hlt">variable</span> solvent viscosity, in conjunction with transition-path sampling to obtain reaction rates and analysis via Markov state models, we are able to determine the <span class="hlt">internal</span> friction in the folding of several peptides and miniproteins. In agreement with experiment, we find that the folding events with greatest <span class="hlt">internal</span> friction are those that mainly involve helix formation, while hairpin formation exhibits little or no evidence of friction. Via a careful analysis of folding transition paths, we show that <span class="hlt">internal</span> friction arises when torsion angle changes are an important part of the folding mechanism near the folding free energy barrier. These results suggest an explanation for the variation of <span class="hlt">internal</span> friction effects from protein to protein and across the energy landscape of the same protein.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JMPSo..70..382D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JMPSo..70..382D"><span>A thermomechanical constitutive model for cemented granular materials with quantifiable <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Part II - Validation and localization analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Das, Arghya; Tengattini, Alessandro; Nguyen, Giang D.; Viggiani, Gioacchino; Hall, Stephen A.; Einav, Itai</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>We study the mechanical failure of cemented granular materials (e.g., sandstones) using a constitutive model based on breakage mechanics for grain crushing and damage mechanics for cement fracture. The theoretical aspects of this model are presented in Part I: Tengattini et al. (2014), A thermomechanical constitutive model for cemented granular materials with quantifiable <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variables</span>, Part I - Theory (Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 10.1016/j.jmps.2014.05.021). In this Part II we investigate the constitutive and structural responses of cemented granular materials through analyses of Boundary Value Problems (BVPs). The multiple failure mechanisms captured by the proposed model enable the behavior of cemented granular rocks to be well reproduced for a wide range of confining pressures. Furthermore, through comparison of the model predictions and experimental data, the micromechanical basis of the model provides improved understanding of failure mechanisms of cemented granular materials. In particular, we show that grain crushing is the predominant inelastic deformation mechanism under high pressures while cement failure is the relevant mechanism at low pressures. Over an intermediate pressure regime a mixed mode of failure mechanisms is observed. Furthermore, the micromechanical roots of the model allow the effects on localized deformation modes of various initial microstructures to be studied. The results obtained from both the constitutive responses and BVP solutions indicate that the proposed approach and model provide a promising basis for future theoretical studies on cemented granular materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1099839.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1099839.pdf"><span>Identification of the Predicator <span class="hlt">Variables</span> of Candidate Teacher Teaching Motivations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Bozpolat, Ebru</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to determine whether the <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external teaching motivations of 3rd and 4th year students of the Faculty of Education of Cumhuriyet University are predicted by the <span class="hlt">variables</span> of gender, department, year level, conscious preference of department they are studying in, whether there is a teacher in their family,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1018171.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1018171.pdf"><span>Relationship between ICT <span class="hlt">Variables</span> and Mathematics Achievement Based on PISA 2006 Database: <span class="hlt">International</span> Evidence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Guzeller, Cem Oktay; Akin, Ayca</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study is to determine the predicting power of mathematics achievement from ICT <span class="hlt">variables</span> including the Internet/entertainment use (IEU), program/software use (PRGUSE), confidence in internet tasks (INTCONF) and confidence in ICT high level tasks (HIGHCONF) based on PISA 2006 data. This study indicates that the ICT variables…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28192579','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28192579"><span>Infectious Diseases and Immunizations in <span class="hlt">International</span> Adoption.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Obringer, Emily; Walsh, Linda</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Children who are adopted <span class="hlt">internationally</span> have an increased risk of infectious diseases due to endemic conditions and <span class="hlt">variable</span> access to preventive health care, such as vaccines, in their country of origin. Pediatricians and other providers who care for children should be familiar with the recommended screening for newly arrived <span class="hlt">international</span> adoptees. Testing for gastrointestinal pathogens, tuberculosis, hepatitis, syphilis, and HIV should be routinely performed. Other endemic diseases and common skin infections may need to be assessed. Evaluation of the child's immunization record is also important, as nearly all <span class="hlt">international</span> adoptees will require catch-up vaccines. The provider may also be asked to review medical records prior to adoption, provide travel advice, and ensure that parents and other close contacts are up-to-date on immunizations prior to the arrival of the newest family member. The pediatrician serves a unique role in facilitating the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases in <span class="hlt">international</span> adoptees. [Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(2):e56-e60.]. Copyright 2017, SLACK Incorporated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19100131','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19100131"><span>[Referral to <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine for alcoholism: influence on follow-up care].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Avila, P; Marcos, M; Avila, J J; Laso, F J</p> <p>2008-11-01</p> <p>The problem of high rates of patient drop-out in alcohol treatment programs is frequently reported in the literature. Our aim was to investigate if <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine referral could improve abstinence and retention rates in a cohort of alcoholic patients. A retrospective observational study was conducted comparing 200 alcoholic patients attending a psychiatric unit (group 1) with 100 patients attending both this unit and an <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine unit (group 2). We collected sociodemographic and clinical <span class="hlt">variables</span> and analysed differences regarding abstinence and retention rates by means of univariate and multivariate analysis. At 3 and 12 months follow-up, group 2 patients had higher retention and abstinence rates than group 1 patients. Multivariate analysis including potential confounding <span class="hlt">variables</span> showed that independent predictors of one-year retention were <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine referral and being married. Independent predictors of one-year abstinence were being married, age > 44 years and receipt of drug treatment. The higher retention rate found among patients referred to <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine specialists, a result that has not been previously reported to the best of our knowledge, emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach in the treatment of alcoholism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970012086','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970012086"><span>Wind <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in Intermediate Luminosity B Supergiants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Massa, Derck</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>This study used the unique spectroscopic diagnostics of intermediate luminosity B supergiants to determine the ubiquity and nature of wind <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Specifically, (1) A detailed analysis of HD 64760 demonstrated massive ejections into its wind, provided the first clear demonstration of a 'photospheric connection' and ionization shifts in a stellar wind; (2) The <span class="hlt">international</span> 'IUE MEGA campaign' obtained unprecedented temporal coverage of wind <span class="hlt">variability</span> in rapidly rotating stars and demonstrated regularly repeating wind features originating in the photosphere; (3) A detailed analysis of wind <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the rapidly rotating B1 Ib, gamma Ara demonstrated a two component wind with distinctly different mean states at different epochs; (4) A follow-on campaign to the MEGA project to study slowly rotating stars was organized and deemed a key project by ESA/NASA, and will obtain 30 days of IUE observations in May-June 1996; and (5) A global survey of archival IUE time series identified recurring spectroscopic signatures, identified with different physical phenomena. Items 4 and 5 above are still in progress and will be completed this summer in collaboration with Raman Prinja at University College, London.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=openmindedness&pg=4&id=EJ964803','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=openmindedness&pg=4&id=EJ964803"><span>The Role of Multicultural Personality in Predicting University Adjustment of <span class="hlt">International</span> Students in Turkey</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kagnici, Dilek Yelda</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The study examined how particular demographic and multicultural personality <span class="hlt">variables</span> might predict university adjustment of <span class="hlt">international</span> students in Turkey. One hundred and twenty-one <span class="hlt">international</span> students from five geographical regions, including Middle Central Asia, the Balkans, the Middle East, the Kafkasia Region, and the Russian…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29782812','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29782812"><span>What <span class="hlt">Variables</span> Are Associated With the Outcome of Arthroscopic Lysis and Lavage Surgery for <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Derangement of the Temporomandibular Joint?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Haeffs, Tyler H; D'Amato, Lindsay N; Khawaja, Shehryar N; Keith, David A; Scrivani, Steven J</p> <p>2018-04-26</p> <p>Arthroscopic lysis and lavage surgery (AS) is an effective modality that can decrease pain and increase maximum interincisal opening (MIO) in patients with <span class="hlt">internal</span> derangement (ID) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). However, some patients remain in pain or have limited mandibular range of motion despite AS. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness, prevalence of adverse effects, and predictors of response to TMJ AS in patients with TMJ arthralgia and ID. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data of patients who had undergone AS by a single surgeon (D.A.K.) from September 2010 to April 2015 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA). <span class="hlt">Variables</span>, including demographic data, medical history, and clinical presentation, were extracted and analyzed. Criteria for surgical success were defined as a postoperative MIO of at least 35 mm and a postoperative pain level no higher than 3 on an 11-point Likert-type numeric verbal pain rating scale. Appropriate descriptive and analytic statistics were computed and significance was set at a P value less than .05. Of the 247 participants, 226 (91.5%) were women. The mean age of the sample was 38 ± 15.4 years. Successful surgical outcome was achieved in 62.3% of patients. Based on logistic regression analysis, higher initial mean pain score and concurrent use of benzodiazepines were the only <span class="hlt">variables</span> that predicted an unsuccessful surgical outcome (P < .001; P = .005). Adverse effects were reported by 13.4% of patients, the most common being postoperative increase in pain (13.4%), temporary malocclusion (1.2%), and temporary paresthesia in the preauricular region (0.4%). The results from this study indicate that in patients with ID of the TMJ unresponsive to noninvasive treatments, high initial pain scores and concurrent use of benzodiazepines are correlated with an unsuccessful outcome after AS. Copyright © 2018. Published by</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29242499','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29242499"><span>High <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise and poor external noise filtering characterize perception in autism spectrum disorder.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Park, Woon Ju; Schauder, Kimberly B; Zhang, Ruyuan; Bennetto, Loisa; Tadin, Duje</p> <p>2017-12-14</p> <p>An emerging hypothesis postulates that <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise is a key factor influencing perceptual abilities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Given fundamental and inescapable effects of noise on nearly all aspects of neural processing, this could be a critical abnormality with broad implications for perception, behavior, and cognition. However, this proposal has been challenged by both theoretical and empirical studies. A crucial question is whether and how <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise limits perception in ASD, independently from other sources of perceptual inefficiency, such as the ability to filter out external noise. Here, we separately estimated <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise and external noise filtering in ASD. In children and adolescents with and without ASD, we computationally modeled individuals' visual orientation discrimination in the presence of varying levels of external noise. The results revealed increased <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise and worse external noise filtering in individuals with ASD. For both factors, we also observed high inter-individual <span class="hlt">variability</span> in ASD, with only the <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise estimates significantly correlating with severity of ASD symptoms. We provide evidence for reduced perceptual efficiency in ASD that is due to both increased <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise and worse external noise filtering, while highlighting <span class="hlt">internal</span> noise as a possible contributing factor to <span class="hlt">variability</span> in ASD symptoms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20180001315','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20180001315"><span>Large-Scale Circulation and Climate <span class="hlt">Variability</span>. Chapter 5</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Perlwitz, J.; Knutson, T.; Kossin, J. P.; LeGrande, A. N.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The causes of regional climate trends cannot be understood without considering the impact of variations in large-scale atmospheric circulation and an assessment of the role of <span class="hlt">internally</span> generated climate <span class="hlt">variability</span>. There are contributions to regional climate trends from changes in large-scale latitudinal circulation, which is generally organized into three cells in each hemisphere-Hadley cell, Ferrell cell and Polar cell-and which determines the location of subtropical dry zones and midlatitude jet streams. These circulation cells are expected to shift poleward during warmer periods, which could result in poleward shifts in precipitation patterns, affecting natural ecosystems, agriculture, and water resources. In addition, regional climate can be strongly affected by non-local responses to recurring patterns (or modes) of <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the atmospheric circulation or the coupled atmosphere-ocean system. These modes of <span class="hlt">variability</span> represent preferred spatial patterns and their temporal variation. They account for gross features in variance and for teleconnections which describe climate links between geographically separated regions. Modes of <span class="hlt">variability</span> are often described as a product of a spatial climate pattern and an associated climate index time series that are identified based on statistical methods like Principal Component Analysis (PC analysis), which is also called Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis (EOF analysis), and cluster analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20436336','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20436336"><span>Quality of <span class="hlt">internal</span> communication in health care and the professional-patient relationship.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>March Cerdá, Joan Carles; Prieto Rodríguez, María Angeles; Pérez Corral, Olivia; Lorenzo, Sergio Minué; Danet, Alina</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>A study was undertaken for the purpose of describing <span class="hlt">internal</span> communication and the professional-patient relationship and to establish a descriptive model of the interaction between these 2 <span class="hlt">variables</span>. A nationwide survey was carried out in primary care and specialist care centers in Spain. A simple random sampling method was used with 1183 health care professionals. The data collection instrument was a Likert questionnaire that recorded information on the perceived quality of <span class="hlt">internal</span> communication (0-100 scale), professional-patient relationships (0-100 scale), and sociodemographic <span class="hlt">variables</span>. The results were analyzed using SPSS 15.0, performing mean comparisons and a suitable linear regression model.The total average of the quality of <span class="hlt">internal</span> communication was 53.79 points, and that of the professional-patient relationships was 74.17 points. Sex made no statistically significant difference. Age shows that the older the participant, the better his/her opinion of <span class="hlt">internal</span> communication and professional-patient relationships. Nursing staff had the highest opinion of <span class="hlt">internal</span> communication and professional-patient relationships. The association between <span class="hlt">internal</span> communication and professional-patient relationship was positive (R = 0.45).It was concluded that continuous exchange of information among health care professionals, together with learning and shared decision making or a positive emotional climate, is an element that will consolidate good professional-patient relationships and ensure patient satisfaction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/941092','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/941092"><span>Method and apparatus for calibrating a linear <span class="hlt">variable</span> differential transformer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Pokrywka, Robert J [North Huntingdon, PA</p> <p>2005-01-18</p> <p>A calibration apparatus for calibrating a linear <span class="hlt">variable</span> differential transformer (LVDT) having an armature positioned in au LVDT armature orifice, and the armature able to move along an axis of movement. The calibration apparatus includes a heating mechanism with an <span class="hlt">internal</span> chamber, a temperature measuring mechanism for measuring the temperature of the LVDT, a fixture mechanism with an <span class="hlt">internal</span> chamber for at least partially accepting the LVDT and for securing the LVDT within the heating mechanism <span class="hlt">internal</span> chamber, a moving mechanism for moving the armature, a position measurement mechanism for measuring the position of the armature, and an output voltage measurement mechanism. A method for calibrating an LVDT, including the steps of: powering the LVDT; heating the LVDT to a desired temperature; measuring the position of the armature with respect to the armature orifice; and measuring the output voltage of the LVDT.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThApC.tmp..147N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ThApC.tmp..147N"><span>The role of atmospheric <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> on the prediction skill of interannual North Pacific sea-surface temperatures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Narapusetty, Balachandrudu</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>The sensitivity of the sea-surface temperature (SST) prediction skill to the atmospheric <span class="hlt">internal</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> (weather noise) in the North Pacific (20∘-60∘N;120∘E-80∘W) on decadal timescales is examined using state-of-the-art Climate Forecasting System model version 2 (CFS) and a variation of CFS in an Interactive Ensemble approach (CFSIE), wherein six copies of atmospheric components with different perturbed initial states of CFS are coupled with the same ocean model by exchanging heat, momentum and fresh water fluxes dynamically at the air-sea interface throughout the model integrations. The CFSIE experiments are designed to reduce weather noise and using a few ten-year long forecasts this study shows that reduction in weather noise leads to lower SST forecast skill. To understand the pathways that cause the reduced SST prediction skill, two twenty-year long forecasts produced with CFS and CFSIE for 1980-2000 are analyzed for the ocean subsurface characteristics that influence SST due to the reduction in weather noise in the North Pacific. The heat budget analysis in the oceanic mixed layer across the North Pacific reveals that weather noise significantly impacts the heat transport in the oceanic mixed layer. In the CFSIE forecasts, the reduced weather noise leads to increased variations in heat content due to shallower mixed layer, diminished heat storage and enhanced horizontal heat advection. The enhancement of the heat advection spans from the active Kuroshio regions of the east coast of Japan to the west coast of continental United States and significantly diffuses the basin-wide SST anomaly (SSTA) contrasts and leads to reduction in the SST prediction skill in decadal forecasts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ClDy...40.1453K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ClDy...40.1453K"><span>A further assessment of vegetation feedback on decadal Sahel rainfall <span class="hlt">variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kucharski, Fred; Zeng, Ning; Kalnay, Eugenia</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>The effect of vegetation feedback on decadal-scale Sahel rainfall <span class="hlt">variability</span> is analyzed using an ensemble of climate model simulations in which the atmospheric general circulation model ICTPAGCM ("SPEEDY") is coupled to the dynamic vegetation model VEGAS to represent feedbacks from surface albedo change and evapotranspiration, forced externally by observed sea surface temperature (SST) changes. In the control experiment, where the full vegetation feedback is included, the ensemble is consistent with the observed decadal rainfall <span class="hlt">variability</span>, with a forced component 60 % of the observed <span class="hlt">variability</span>. In a sensitivity experiment where climatological vegetation cover and albedo are prescribed from the control experiment, the ensemble of simulations is not consistent with the observations because of strongly reduced amplitude of decadal rainfall <span class="hlt">variability</span>, and the forced component drops to 35 % of the observed <span class="hlt">variability</span>. The decadal rainfall <span class="hlt">variability</span> is driven by SST forcing, but significantly enhanced by land-surface feedbacks. Both, local evaporation and moisture flux convergence changes are important for the total rainfall response. Also the <span class="hlt">internal</span> decadal <span class="hlt">variability</span> across the ensemble members (not SST-forced) is much stronger in the control experiment compared with the one where vegetation cover and albedo are prescribed. It is further shown that this positive vegetation feedback is physically related to the albedo feedback, supporting the Charney hypothesis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Psychology+AND+Psychosomatics&pg=4&id=ED322822','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Psychology+AND+Psychosomatics&pg=4&id=ED322822"><span>Predictive Factors of Stress among <span class="hlt">International</span> College Students.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Cho, Sunghee</p> <p></p> <p>A research study of 245 students from Korea, the Arab nations, and Nigeria was conducted to determine whether there are significant relationships between any of the three measures of the level of stress (anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints) among <span class="hlt">international</span> college students. <span class="hlt">Variables</span> analyzed in the study included English language…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=P+AND+230+AND+p+AND+230&pg=4&id=EJ394753','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=P+AND+230+AND+p+AND+230&pg=4&id=EJ394753"><span>Noncognitive Predictors of Counseling Center Use by <span class="hlt">International</span> Students.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Boyer, Susan P.; Sedlacek, William E.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Administered Noncognitive Questionnaire to 230 <span class="hlt">international</span> students prior to matriculation as college freshmen. Results identified noncognitive <span class="hlt">variables</span> predictive of student use of counseling center services over four-year period. Counseling center use was significantly predicted by students' understanding and ability to deal with racism,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18807096','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18807096"><span>Factors associated with <span class="hlt">intern</span> fatigue.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Friesen, Lindsay D; Vidyarthi, Arpana R; Baron, Robert B; Katz, Patricia P</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>Prior data suggest that fatigue adversely affects patient safety and resident well-being. ACGME duty hour limitations were intended, in part, to reduce resident fatigue, but the factors that affect <span class="hlt">intern</span> fatigue are unknown. To identify factors associated with <span class="hlt">intern</span> fatigue following implementation of duty hour limitations. Cross-sectional confidential survey of validated questions related to fatigue, sleep, and stress, as well as author-developed teamwork questions. <span class="hlt">Interns</span> in cognitive specialties at the University of California, San Francisco. Univariate statistics characterized the distribution of responses. Pearson correlations elucidated bivariate relationships between fatigue and other <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Multivariate linear regression models identified factors independently associated with fatigue, sleep, and stress. Of 111 eligible <span class="hlt">interns</span>, 66 responded (59%). In a regression analysis including gender, hours worked in the previous week, sleep quality, perceived stress, and teamwork, only poorer quality of sleep and greater perceived stress were significantly associated with fatigue (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). To identify factors that may affect sleep, specifically duty hours and stress, a secondary model was constructed. Only greater perceived stress was significantly associated with diminished sleep quality (p = 0.04), and only poorer teamwork was significantly associated with perceived stress (p < 0.001). Working >80 h was not significantly associated with perceived stress, quality of sleep, or fatigue. Simply decreasing the number of duty hours may be insufficient to reduce <span class="hlt">intern</span> fatigue. Residency programs may need to incorporate programmatic changes to reduce stress, improve sleep quality, and foster teamwork in order to decrease <span class="hlt">intern</span> fatigue and its deleterious consequences.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSEC14E1052C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSEC14E1052C"><span>Spatio-temporal <span class="hlt">variability</span> of <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves in the northern Gulf of Mexico studied with the Navy Coastal Ocean Model, NCOM</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cambazoglu, M. K.; Jacobs, G. A.; Howden, S. D.; Book, J. W.; Arnone, R.; Soto Ramos, I. M.; Vandermeulen, R. A.; Greer, A. T.; Miles, T. N.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Internal</span> waves enhance mixing in the upper ocean, transport nutrients and plankton over the water column and across the shelf from deeper waters to shallower coastal areas, and could also transport pollutants such as hydrocarbons onshore during an oil spill event. This study aims to characterize <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM) and investigate the possible generation and dissipation mechanisms using a high-resolution (1-km) application of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM). Three dimensional model products are used to detect the propagation patterns of <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves. The vertical structure of <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves is studied and the role of stratification is analyzed by looking at the temperature, salinity and velocity variations along the water column. The model predictions suggest the generation of <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves on the continental shelf, therefore the role of ocean bottom topography interacting with tides and general circulation features such as the Loop Current Eddy front, on the <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave generation will be discussed. The time periods of <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave occurrences are identified from model predictions and compared to satellite ocean color imagery. Further data analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis, is implemented to determine <span class="hlt">internal</span> wavelengths and frequencies and to determine if the response of <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves are at tidal periods or at different frequencies. The atmospheric forcing provided to NCOM and meteorological data records are analyzed to define the interaction between wind forcing and <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave generation. Wavelet analysis characterizes the ocean response to atmospheric events with periodic frequencies. Ocean color satellite imagery was used to visualize the location of the Mississippi river plume (and other oceanic features) and compared to the model predictions because the enhanced stratification from freshwater plumes which propagate across the Mississippi Bight can provide favorable conditions in coastal waters for <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=quantitative+AND+survey+AND+research&pg=7&id=ED546576','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=quantitative+AND+survey+AND+research&pg=7&id=ED546576"><span>Factors Related to the Acculturation Stress of <span class="hlt">International</span> Students in a Faith-Based Institution</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>de Souza, Liane Videres</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The number of <span class="hlt">international</span> students attending American educational institutions is increasing annually. Based upon Maslow theory of needs, it was hypothesized that the acculturation process contributes to stress and anxiety among <span class="hlt">international</span> students; therefore, it is important to understand some of the <span class="hlt">variables</span> that influence this process for…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFDKP1032W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFDKP1032W"><span>Copepod Behavior Response in an <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Wave Apparatus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Webster, D. R.; Jung, S.; Haas, K. A.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>This study is motivated to understand the bio-physical forcing in zooplankton transport in and near <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves, where high levels of zooplankton densities have been observed in situ. A laboratory-scale <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave apparatus was designed to create a standing <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave for various physical arrangements that mimic conditions observed in the field. A theoretical analysis of a standing <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave inside a two-layer stratification system including non-linear wave effects was conducted to derive the expressions for the independent <span class="hlt">variables</span> controlling the wave motion. Focusing on a case with a density jump of 1.0 σt, a standing <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave was generated with a clean interface and minimal mixing across the pycnocline. Spatial and frequency domain measurements of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave were evaluated in the context of the theoretical analysis. Behavioral assays with a mixed population of three marine copepods were conducted in control (stagnant homogeneous fluid), stagnant density jump interface, and <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave flow configurations. In the <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave treatment, the copepods showed an acrobatic, orbital-like motion in and around the <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave region (bounded by the crests and the troughs of the waves). Trajectories of passive, neutrally-buoyant particles in the <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave flow reveal that they generally oscillate back-and-forth along fixed paths. Thus, we conclude that the looping, orbital trajectories of copepods in the region near the <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave interface are due to animal behavior rather than passive transport.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4412608','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4412608"><span>Climate <span class="hlt">Variability</span> and Human Migration in the Netherlands, 1865–1937</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jennings, Julia A.; Gray, Clark L.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Human migration is frequently cited as a potential social outcome of climate change and <span class="hlt">variability</span>, and these effects are often assumed to be stronger in the past when economies were less developed and markets more localized. Yet, few studies have used historical data to test the relationship between climate and migration directly. In addition, the results of recent studies that link demographic and climate data are not consistent with conventional narratives of displacement responses. Using longitudinal individual-level demographic data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) and climate data that cover the same period, we examine the effects of climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> on migration using event history models. Only <span class="hlt">internal</span> moves in the later period and for certain social groups are associated with negative climate conditions, and the strength and direction of the observed effects change over time. <span class="hlt">International</span> moves decrease with extreme rainfall, suggesting that the complex relationships between climate and migration that have been observed for contemporary populations extend into the nineteenth century. PMID:25937689</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25238902','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25238902"><span>[Exploring the relationship between <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma, insight and depression for inpatients with schizophrenia].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bouvet, C; Bouchoux, A</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>Recent studies on insight in people with schizophrenia showed that insight level is linked with treatment compliance. Therefore, many therapies are aimed at increasing the insight level, such as psycho-education. However, insight level is also probably linked with depression level. So, improving insight is at risk of increasing the level of depression. Nevertheless, results on this topic are not consensual in the scientific literature. Presumably, this could be due to the concept of insight itself, although we could hypothesise that some confounding <span class="hlt">variables</span> are implied in the interaction between insight and depression, such as <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma. to test the hypothesis that the relationship between insight and depression is mediated by <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma in people with schizophrenia. Sixty-two patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV or ICD-10) recruited in mental health services in Île de France (75% male), aged 20 to 64 years (m=38.71, σ=0. 43), filled in questionnaires assessing <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma (ISMI), depression (CDSS and BDI) and insight (SAIQ, Q8, IS), after giving their written informed consent. Correlations between insight, depression and different <span class="hlt">variables</span> were made (Hypothesis 1). Then we ran multiple regressions and partial correlations to test the <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma mediation (Hypothesis 2). Insight, <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma and depression are statistically significantly correlated with each scales used (except Q8). Insight is correlated with depressed mood (correlations between IS and CDSS: r=0.27, P=0.04, and BDI, r=0.40, P=0.001). We also found negative correlations between SAIQ and CDSS (r=-0.35, P=0.005) and the BDI (r=-0.4265, P=0.000) which means that good insight is linked with depression. This result validates our hypothesis 1. The statistic tests reveal other complementary results: the association between insight and depression is mediated by the level of <span class="hlt">internalized</span> stigma: when ISMI is controlled, the correlation between insight and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740008138','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19740008138"><span>Heat transfer phase change paint test (OH-42) of a Rockwell <span class="hlt">International</span> SSV orbiter in the NASA/LRC Mach 8 <span class="hlt">variable</span> density wind tunnel</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Jones, R.; Creel, T. R., Jr.; Lawing, P.; Quan, M.; Dye, W.; Cummings, J.; Gorowitz, H.; Craig, C.; Rich, G.</p> <p>1973-01-01</p> <p>Phase change paint tests of a Rockwell <span class="hlt">International</span> .00593-scale space shuttle orbiter were conducted in the Langley Research Center's <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Density Wind Tunnel. The test objectives were to determine the effects of various wing/underbody configurations on the aerodynamic heating rates and boundary layer transition during simulated entry conditions. Several models were constructed. Each varied from the other in either wing cuff radius, airfoil thickness, or wing-fuselage underbody blending. Two ventral fins were glued to the fuselage underside of one model to test the interference heating effects. Simulated Mach 8 entry data were obtained for each configuration at angles of attack ranging from 25 to 40 deg, and a Reynolds number variation of one million to eight million. Elevon, bodyflap, and rudder flare deflections were tested. Oil flow visualization and Schlieren photographs were obtained to aid in reducing the phase change paint data as well as to observe the flow patterns peculiar to each configuration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4832924','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4832924"><span>Country-Specific Effects of Climate <span class="hlt">Variability</span> on Human Migration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gray, Clark; Wise, Erika</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Involuntary human migration is among the social outcomes of greatest concern in the current era of global climate change. Responding to this concern, a growing number of studies have investigated the consequences of short to medium-term climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> for human migration using demographic and econometric approaches. These studies have provided important insights, but at the same time have been significantly limited by lack of expertise in the use of climate data, access to cross-national data on migration, and attention to model specification. To address these limitations, we link data on <span class="hlt">internal</span> and <span class="hlt">international</span> migration over a 6-year period from 9,812 origin households in Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Senegal to high-resolution gridded climate data from both station and satellite sources. Analyses of these data using several plausible specifications reveal that climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> has country-specific effects on migration: Migration tends to increase with temperature anomalies in Uganda, tends to decrease with temperature anomalies in Kenya and Burkina Faso, and shows no consistent relationship with temperature in Nigeria and Senegal. Consistent with previous studies, precipitation shows weak and inconsistent relationships with migration across countries. These results challenge generalizing narratives that foresee a consistent migratory response to climate change across the globe. PMID:27092012</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27092012','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27092012"><span>Country-Specific Effects of Climate <span class="hlt">Variability</span> on Human Migration.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gray, Clark; Wise, Erika</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Involuntary human migration is among the social outcomes of greatest concern in the current era of global climate change. Responding to this concern, a growing number of studies have investigated the consequences of short to medium-term climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> for human migration using demographic and econometric approaches. These studies have provided important insights, but at the same time have been significantly limited by lack of expertise in the use of climate data, access to cross-national data on migration, and attention to model specification. To address these limitations, we link data on <span class="hlt">internal</span> and <span class="hlt">international</span> migration over a 6-year period from 9,812 origin households in Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Senegal to high-resolution gridded climate data from both station and satellite sources. Analyses of these data using several plausible specifications reveal that climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> has country-specific effects on migration: Migration tends to increase with temperature anomalies in Uganda, tends to decrease with temperature anomalies in Kenya and Burkina Faso, and shows no consistent relationship with temperature in Nigeria and Senegal. Consistent with previous studies, precipitation shows weak and inconsistent relationships with migration across countries. These results challenge generalizing narratives that foresee a consistent migratory response to climate change across the globe.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1117647','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1117647"><span>Diagnostic for two-mode <span class="hlt">variable</span> valve activation device</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Fedewa, Andrew M</p> <p>2014-01-07</p> <p>A method is provided for diagnosing a multi-mode valve train device which selectively provides high lift and low lift to a combustion valve of an <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engine having a camshaft phaser actuated by an electric motor. The method includes applying a <span class="hlt">variable</span> electric current to the electric motor to achieve a desired camshaft phaser operational mode and commanding the multi-mode valve train device to a desired valve train device operational mode selected from a high lift mode and a low lift mode. The method also includes monitoring the <span class="hlt">variable</span> electric current and calculating a first characteristic of the parameter. The method also includes comparing the calculated first characteristic against a predetermined value of the first characteristic measured when the multi-mode valve train device is known to be in the desired valve train device operational mode.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1918904Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1918904Z"><span>Statistical structure of intrinsic climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> under global warming</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhu, Xiuhua; Bye, John; Fraedrich, Klaus</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> is often studied in terms of fluctuations with respect to the mean state, whereas the dependence between the mean and <span class="hlt">variability</span> is rarely discussed. We propose a new climate metric to measure the relationship between means and standard deviations of annual surface temperature computed over non-overlapping 100-year segments. This metric is analyzed based on equilibrium simulations of the Max Planck Institute-Earth System Model (MPI-ESM): the last millennium climate (800-1799), the future climate projection following the A1B scenario (2100-2199), and the 3100-year unforced control simulation. A linear relationship is globally observed in the control simulation and thus termed intrinsic climate <span class="hlt">variability</span>, which is most pronounced in the tropical region with negative regression slopes over the Pacific warm pool and positive slopes in the eastern tropical Pacific. It relates to asymmetric changes in temperature extremes and associates fluctuating climate means with increase or decrease in intensity and occurrence of both El Niño and La Niña events. In the future scenario period, the linear regression slopes largely retain their spatial structure with appreciable changes in intensity and geographical locations. Since intrinsic climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> describes the <span class="hlt">internal</span> rhythm of the climate system, it may serve as guidance for interpreting climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> and climate change signals in the past and the future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70170271','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70170271"><span>Late Holocene sea level <span class="hlt">variability</span> and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Cronin, Thomas M.; Farmer, Jesse R.; Marzen, R. E.; Thomas, E.; Varekamp, J.C.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Pre-twentieth century sea level (SL) <span class="hlt">variability</span> remains poorly understood due to limits of tide gauge records, low temporal resolution of tidal marsh records, and regional anomalies caused by dynamic ocean processes, notably multidecadal changes in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). We examined SL and AMOC <span class="hlt">variability</span> along the eastern United States over the last 2000 years, using a SL curve constructed from proxy sea surface temperature (SST) records from Chesapeake Bay, and twentieth century SL-sea surface temperature (SST) relations derived from tide gauges and instrumental SST. The SL curve shows multidecadal-scale <span class="hlt">variability</span> (20–30 years) during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA), as well as the twentieth century. During these SL oscillations, short-term rates ranged from 2 to 4 mm yr−1, roughly similar to those of the last few decades. These oscillations likely represent <span class="hlt">internal</span> modes of climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> related to AMOC <span class="hlt">variability</span> and originating at high latitudes, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Results imply that dynamic ocean changes, in addition to thermosteric, glacio-eustatic, or glacio-isostatic processes are an inherent part of SL <span class="hlt">variability</span> in coastal regions, even during millennial-scale climate oscillations such as the MCA and LIA and should be factored into efforts that use tide gauges and tidal marsh sediments to understand global sea level rise.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29791277','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29791277"><span>Peer Rejection and <span class="hlt">Internalizing</span> Behavior: The Mediating Role of Peer Victimization in Preschool.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Metin Aslan, Özge</p> <p>2018-05-23</p> <p>The author examined the relationship among peer rejection, peer victimization, and <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> behaviors. The author hypothesized that physical and relational victimization would have a different indirect effect on the relationship between peer rejection and <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> behaviors. Participants were 94 preschool children (37 girls; average age 49.97 months) from two university preschools located in the northern part of the United States. The results indicated that <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> behaviors predicted the mediating <span class="hlt">variables</span> only regarding relational victimization. Relational victimization indirectly affected the association between peer rejection and <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> behaviors. The study provides evidence of the mediating effect of victimization behaviors on the relationship among peer rejection, victimization, and <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> behaviors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CMT....29..715R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017CMT....29..715R"><span>Mechanics of deformations in terms of scalar <span class="hlt">variables</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ryabov, Valeriy A.</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Theory of particle and continuous mechanics is developed which allows a treatment of pure deformation in terms of the set of <span class="hlt">variables</span> "coordinate-momentum-force" instead of the standard treatment in terms of tensor-valued <span class="hlt">variables</span> "strain-stress." This approach is quite natural for a microscopic description of atomic system, according to which only pointwise forces caused by the stress act to atoms making a body deform. The new concept starts from affine transformation of spatial to material coordinates in terms of the stretch tensor or its analogs. Thus, three principal stretches and three angles related to their orientation form a set of six scalar <span class="hlt">variables</span> to describe deformation. Instead of volume-dependent potential used in the standard theory, which requires conditions of equilibrium for surface and body forces acting to a volume element, a potential dependent on scalar <span class="hlt">variables</span> is introduced. A consistent introduction of generalized force associated with this potential becomes possible if a deformed body is considered to be confined on the surface of torus having six genuine dimensions. Strain, constitutive equations and other fundamental laws of the continuum and particle mechanics may be neatly rewritten in terms of scalar <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Giving a new presentation for finite deformation new approach provides a full treatment of hyperelasticity including anisotropic case. Derived equations of motion generate a new kind of thermodynamical ensemble in terms of constant tension forces. In this ensemble, six <span class="hlt">internal</span> deformation forces proportional to the components of Irving-Kirkwood stress are controlled by applied external forces. In thermodynamical limit, instead of the pressure and volume as state <span class="hlt">variables</span>, this ensemble employs deformation force measured in kelvin unit and stretch ratio.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.8629B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.8629B"><span>Nonlinear <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves in the Gulf of Guinea: observations and modeling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baquet, Emeric; Pichon, Annick; Raynaud, Stephane; Carton, Xavier</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Nonlinear <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves are known hazards to offshore operations. They have been observed at different locations around the world and have been studied for a long time in Southeast Asia. However in West Africa, they are less documented. This research presents original data of currentmeters in northeastern part of the Gulf of Guinea, in the vicinity of offshore oil platforms. Nonlinear <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves were observed. Their characteristics were determined under the assumptions of the weakly nonlinear and non-hydrostatic Korteweg-de Vries equation. Their directions of propagation were studied to determine generation zones. The monthly distribution was shown to assess seasonal <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Their main generation mechanism was the barotropic tides over the shelf break, but other processes were at work too. The seasonal <span class="hlt">variability</span> due to the monsoon, river discharges also played a part in the nonlinear <span class="hlt">internal</span> wave dynamics. Since several processes, of different time and space scales, are at work, interactions between them must be investigated. Thus, a two-layered numerical model was used to reproduce nonlinear <span class="hlt">internal</span> waves. Sensitivity experiments were made, in order to investigate the balance between nonlinearities, Coriolis and non-hydrostatic dispersions. The impact of non-uniform bathymetry and the presence of another flow in addition to the tides were also tested.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28555665','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28555665"><span><span class="hlt">International</span> Spinal Cord Injury Core Data Set (version 2.0)-including standardization of reporting.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Biering-Sørensen, F; DeVivo, M J; Charlifue, S; Chen, Y; New, P W; Noonan, V; Post, M W M; Vogel, L</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>The study design includes expert opinion, feedback, revisions and final consensus. The objective of the study was to present the new knowledge obtained since the <span class="hlt">International</span> Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Core Data Set (Version 1.0) published in 2006, and describe the adjustments made in Version 2.0, including standardization of data reporting. <span class="hlt">International</span>. Comments received from the SCI community were discussed in a working group (WG); suggestions from the WG were reviewed and revisions were made. All suggested revisions were considered, and a final version was circulated for final approval. The <span class="hlt">International</span> SCI Core Data Set (Version 2.0) consists of 25 <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Changes made to this version include the deletion of one <span class="hlt">variable</span> 'Total Days Hospitalized' and addition of two <span class="hlt">variables</span> 'Date of Rehabilitation Admission' and 'Date of Death.' The <span class="hlt">variable</span> 'Injury Etiology' was extended with six non-traumatic categories, and corresponding 'Date of Injury' for non-traumatic cases, was defined as the date of first physician visit for symptoms related to spinal cord dysfunction. A category reflecting transgender was added. A response category was added to the <span class="hlt">variable</span> on utilization of ventilatory assistance to document the use of continuous positive airway pressure for sleep apnea. Other clarifications were made to the text. The reporting of the pediatric SCI population was updated as age groups 0-5, 6-12, 13-14, 15-17 and 18-21. Collection of the core data set should be a basic requirement of all studies of SCI to facilitate accurate descriptions of patient populations and comparison of results across published studies from around the world.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRC..122..539Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRC..122..539Z"><span>Mapping the nonstationary <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide with satellite altimetry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zaron, Edward D.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Temporal <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide has been inferred from the 23 year long combined records of the TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-2 satellite altimeters by combining harmonic analysis with an analysis of along-track wavenumber spectra of sea-surface height (SSH). Conventional harmonic analysis is first applied to estimate and remove the stationary components of the tide at each point along the reference ground tracks. The wavenumber spectrum of the residual SSH is then computed, and the variance in a neighborhood around the wavenumber of the mode-1 baroclinic M2 tide is interpreted as the sum of noise, broadband nontidal processes, and the nonstationary tide. At many sites a bump in the spectrum associated with the <span class="hlt">internal</span> tide is noted, and an empirical model for the noise and nontidal processes is used to estimate the nonstationary semidiurnal tidal variance. The results indicate a spatially inhomogeneous pattern of tidal <span class="hlt">variability</span>. Nonstationary tides are larger than stationary tides throughout much of the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21554302','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21554302"><span><span class="hlt">Internal</span> and external environmental factors affecting the performance of hospital-based home nursing care.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Noh, J-W; Kwon, Y-D; Yoon, S-J; Hwang, J-I</p> <p>2011-06-01</p> <p>Numerous studies on HNC services have been carried out by signifying their needs, efficiency and effectiveness. However, no study has ever been performed to determine the critical factors associated with HNC's positive results despite the deluge of positive studies on the service. This study included all of the 89 training hospitals that were practising HNC service in Korea as of November 2006. The input factors affecting the performance were classified as either <span class="hlt">internal</span> or external environmental factors. This analysis was conducted to understand the impact that the corresponding factors had on performance. Data were analysed by using multiple linear regressions. The <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external environment <span class="hlt">variables</span> affected the performance of HNC based on univariate analysis. The meaningful <span class="hlt">variables</span> were <span class="hlt">internal</span> environmental factors. Specifically, managerial resource (the number of operating beds and the outpatient/inpatient ratio) were meaningful when the multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Indeed, the importance of organizational culture (the passion of HNC nurses) was significant. This study, considering the limited market size of Korea, illustrates that the critical factor for the development of hospital-led HNC lies with <span class="hlt">internal</span> environmental factors rather than external ones. Among the <span class="hlt">internal</span> environmental factors, the hospitals' managerial resource-related factors (specifically, the passion of nurses) were the most important contributing element. © 2011 The Authors. <span class="hlt">International</span> Nursing Review © 2011 <span class="hlt">International</span> Council of Nurses.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=187287','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=187287"><span>Characterizing Uncertainty and <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in PBPK Models ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Mode-of-action based risk and safety assessments can rely upon tissue dosimetry estimates in animals and humans obtained from physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. However, risk assessment also increasingly requires characterization of uncertainty and <span class="hlt">variability</span>; such characterization for PBPK model predictions represents a continuing challenge to both modelers and users. Current practices show significant progress in specifying deterministic biological models and the non-deterministic (often statistical) models, estimating their parameters using diverse data sets from multiple sources, and using them to make predictions and characterize uncertainty and <span class="hlt">variability</span>. The <span class="hlt">International</span> Workshop on Uncertainty and <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in PBPK Models, held Oct 31-Nov 2, 2006, sought to identify the state-of-the-science in this area and recommend priorities for research and changes in practice and implementation. For the short term, these include: (1) multidisciplinary teams to integrate deterministic and non-deterministic/statistical models; (2) broader use of sensitivity analyses, including for structural and global (rather than local) parameter changes; and (3) enhanced transparency and reproducibility through more complete documentation of the model structure(s) and parameter values, the results of sensitivity and other analyses, and supporting, discrepant, or excluded data. Longer-term needs include: (1) theoretic and practical methodological impro</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3928429','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3928429"><span>Evidence for a Time-Invariant Phase <span class="hlt">Variable</span> in Human Ankle Control</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gregg, Robert D.; Rouse, Elliott J.; Hargrove, Levi J.; Sensinger, Jonathon W.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Human locomotion is a rhythmic task in which patterns of muscle activity are modulated by state-dependent feedback to accommodate perturbations. Two popular theories have been proposed for the underlying embodiment of phase in the human pattern generator: a time-dependent <span class="hlt">internal</span> representation or a time-invariant feedback representation (i.e., reflex mechanisms). In either case the neuromuscular system must update or represent the phase of locomotor patterns based on the system state, which can include measurements of hundreds of <span class="hlt">variables</span>. However, a much simpler representation of phase has emerged in recent designs for legged robots, which control joint patterns as functions of a single monotonic mechanical <span class="hlt">variable</span>, termed a phase <span class="hlt">variable</span>. We propose that human joint patterns may similarly depend on a physical phase <span class="hlt">variable</span>, specifically the heel-to-toe movement of the Center of Pressure under the foot. We found that when the ankle is unexpectedly rotated to a position it would have encountered later in the step, the Center of Pressure also shifts forward to the corresponding later position, and the remaining portion of the gait pattern ensues. This phase shift suggests that the progression of the stance ankle is controlled by a biomechanical phase <span class="hlt">variable</span>, motivating future investigations of phase <span class="hlt">variables</span> in human locomotor control. PMID:24558485</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=less+AND+demanding&pg=2&id=EJ893459','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=less+AND+demanding&pg=2&id=EJ893459"><span>Another Look at the Language Difficulties of <span class="hlt">International</span> Students</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Zhang, Yanyin; Mi, Yinan</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">International</span> students encounter language-related problems in their academic studies. Specific problem areas have been identified and possible underlying causes have been explored. The present study investigates the impact of two <span class="hlt">variables</span>--length of study and academic disciplines--in relation to the problems. The findings from a survey and…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H12F..01C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H12F..01C"><span>Revisiting the leading drivers of Pacific coastal drought <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the Contiguous United States</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cook, B.; Williams, P.; Mankin, J. S.; Seager, R.; Smerdon, J. E.; Singh, D.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Coastal droughts simultaneously affecting California, Oregon, and Washington are rare, but have extensive and severe impacts (e.g., wildfire, agriculture). To better understand these events, we use historical observations to investigate: (1) drought <span class="hlt">variability</span> along the Pacific Coast of the Contiguous United States and (2) years when extreme drought affects the entire coast. The leading pattern of cold-season (October-March) precipitation <span class="hlt">variability</span> along the Pacific Coast favors spatially coherent moisture anomalies, accounts for >40% of the underlying variance, and is forced primarily by <span class="hlt">internal</span> atmospheric dynamics. This contrasts with a much weaker dipole mode ( 20% of precipitation <span class="hlt">variability</span>) characterized by anti-phased moisture anomalies across 40N and strong correlations with tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Sixteen coastal-wide summer droughts occurred from 1895-2016 (clustering in the 1920s-1930s and post-2000), events most strongly linked with the leading precipitation mode and <span class="hlt">internal</span> atmospheric <span class="hlt">variability</span>. The frequency of landfalling atmospheric rivers south of 40N is sharply reduced during coastal droughts, but not north of this boundary where their frequency is more strongly influenced by the dipole. The lack of a consistent pattern of SST forcing during coastal droughts suggests little potential for skillful predictions of these events at the seasonal scale. However, their tendency to cluster in time and the impact of warming during recent droughts may help inform decadal and longer-term drought risks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3204977','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3204977"><span>Relating Neuronal to Behavioral Performance: <span class="hlt">Variability</span> of Optomotor Responses in the Blowfly</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rosner, Ronny; Warzecha, Anne-Kathrin</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Behavioral responses of an animal vary even when they are elicited by the same stimulus. This <span class="hlt">variability</span> is due to stochastic processes within the nervous system and to the changing <span class="hlt">internal</span> states of the animal. To what extent does the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of neuronal responses account for the overall <span class="hlt">variability</span> at the behavioral level? To address this question we evaluate the neuronal <span class="hlt">variability</span> at the output stage of the blowfly's (Calliphora vicina) visual system by recording from motion-sensitive interneurons mediating head optomotor responses. By means of a simple modelling approach representing the sensory-motor transformation, we predict head movements on the basis of the recorded responses of motion-sensitive neurons and compare the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the predicted head movements with that of the observed ones. Large gain changes of optomotor head movements have previously been shown to go along with changes in the animals' activity state. Our modelling approach substantiates that these gain changes are imposed downstream of the motion-sensitive neurons of the visual system. Moreover, since predicted head movements are clearly more reliable than those actually observed, we conclude that substantial <span class="hlt">variability</span> is introduced downstream of the visual system. PMID:22066014</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23425752','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23425752"><span>The definition of polytrauma: <span class="hlt">variable</span> interrater versus intrarater agreement--a prospective <span class="hlt">international</span> study among trauma surgeons.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Butcher, Nerida E; Enninghorst, Natalie; Sisak, Krisztian; Balogh, Zsolt J</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">international</span> trauma community has recognized the lack of a validated consensus definition of "polytrauma." We hypothesized that using a subjective definition, trauma surgeons will not have substantial agreement; thus, an objective definition is needed. A prospective observational study was conducted between December 2010 and June 2011 (John Hunter Hospital, Level I trauma center). Inclusion criteria were all trauma call patients with subsequent intensive care unit admission. The study was composed of four stages as follows: (1) four trauma surgeons assessed patients until 24 hours, then coded as either "yes" or "no" for polytrauma, and results compared for agreement; (2) eight trauma surgeons representing the United States, Germany, and the Netherlands graded the same prospectively assessed patients and coded as either "yes" or "no" for polytrauma; (3) 12 months later, the original four trauma surgeons repeated assessment via data sheets to test intrarater <span class="hlt">variability</span>; and (4) individual subjective definitions were compared with three anatomic scores, namely, (a) Injury Severity Score (ISS) of greater than 15, (b) ISS of greater 17, and (c) Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score of greater than 2 in at least two ISS body regions. A total of 52 trauma patients were included. Results for each stage were as follows: (1) κ score of 0.50, moderate agreement; (2) κ score of 0.41, moderate agreement; (3) Rater 1 had moderate intrarater agreement (κ score, 0.59), while Raters 2, 3, 4 had substantial intrarater agreement (κ scores, 0.75, 0.66, and 0.71, respectively); and (4) none had most agreement with ISS of greater than 15 (κ score, 0.16), while both definitions ISS greater than 17 and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score of greater than 2 in at least two ISS body regions had on average fair agreement (κ scores, 0.27 and 0.39, respectively). Based on subjective assessments, trauma surgeons do not agree on the definition of polytrauma, with the subjective</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=development+AND+resilience&pg=4&id=EJ826857','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=development+AND+resilience&pg=4&id=EJ826857"><span>A Study of Resiliency Characteristics in the Adjustment of <span class="hlt">International</span> Graduate Students at American Universities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Wang, Jing</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>This research introduced the concept of resilience into the study of adjustment of <span class="hlt">international</span> graduate students at U.S. universities. The purpose of this study was to explore relationships among resilience characteristics, background <span class="hlt">variables</span>, and adjustment problem areas, and to gauge the effects of resilience and background <span class="hlt">variables</span> on…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.4351G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.4351G"><span>Seasonal <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in European Radon Measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Groves-Kirkby, C. J.; Denman, A. R.; Phillips, P. S.; Crockett, R. G. M.; Sinclair, J. M.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>In temperate climates, domestic radon concentration levels are generally seasonally dependent, the level in the home reflecting the convolution of two time-dependent functions. These are the source soil-gas radon concentration itself, and the principal force driving radon into the building from the soil, namely the pressure-difference between interior and exterior environment. While the meteorological influence can be regarded as relatively uniform on a European scale, its <span class="hlt">variability</span> being defined largely by the influence of North-Atlantic weather systems, soil-gas radon is generally more <span class="hlt">variable</span> as it is essentially geologically dependent. Seasonal <span class="hlt">variability</span> of domestic radon concentration can therefore be expected to exhibit geographical <span class="hlt">variability</span>, as is indeed the case. To compensate for the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of domestic radon levels when assessing the long term radon health risks, the results of individual short-term measurements are generally converted to equivalent mean annual levels by application of a Seasonal Correction Factor (SCF). This is a multiplying factor, typically derived from measurements of a large number of homes, applied to the measured short-term radon concentration to provide a meaningful annual mean concentration for dose-estimation purposes. Following concern as to the universal applicability of a single SCF set, detailed studies in both the UK and France have reported location-specific SCF sets for different regions of each country. Further results indicate that SCFs applicable to the UK differ significantly from those applicable elsewhere in Europe and North America in both amplitude and phase, supporting the thesis that seasonal <span class="hlt">variability</span> in indoor radon concentration cannot realistically be compensated for by a single national or <span class="hlt">international</span> SCF scheme. Published data characterising the seasonal <span class="hlt">variability</span> of European national domestic radon concentrations, has been collated and analysed, with the objective of identifying</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2596494','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2596494"><span>Factors Associated with <span class="hlt">Intern</span> Fatigue</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Vidyarthi, Arpana R.; Baron, Robert B.; Katz, Patricia P.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Prior data suggest that fatigue adversely affects patient safety and resident well-being. ACGME duty hour limitations were intended, in part, to reduce resident fatigue, but the factors that affect <span class="hlt">intern</span> fatigue are unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with <span class="hlt">intern</span> fatigue following implementation of duty hour limitations. DESIGN Cross-sectional confidential survey of validated questions related to fatigue, sleep, and stress, as well as author-developed teamwork questions. SUBJECTS <span class="hlt">Interns</span> in cognitive specialties at the University of California, San Francisco. MEASUREMENTS Univariate statistics characterized the distribution of responses. Pearson correlations elucidated bivariate relationships between fatigue and other <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Multivariate linear regression models identified factors independently associated with fatigue, sleep, and stress. RESULTS Of 111 eligible <span class="hlt">interns</span>, 66 responded (59%). In a regression analysis including gender, hours worked in the previous week, sleep quality, perceived stress, and teamwork, only poorer quality of sleep and greater perceived stress were significantly associated with fatigue (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). To identify factors that may affect sleep, specifically duty hours and stress, a secondary model was constructed. Only greater perceived stress was significantly associated with diminished sleep quality (p = 0.04), and only poorer teamwork was significantly associated with perceived stress (p < 0.001). Working >80 h was not significantly associated with perceived stress, quality of sleep, or fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Simply decreasing the number of duty hours may be insufficient to reduce <span class="hlt">intern</span> fatigue. Residency programs may need to incorporate programmatic changes to reduce stress, improve sleep quality, and foster teamwork in order to decrease <span class="hlt">intern</span> fatigue and its deleterious consequences. PMID:18807096</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28868987','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28868987"><span>TMJ symptoms reduce chewing amplitude and velocity, and increase <span class="hlt">variability</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Radke, John C; Kamyszek, Greg J; Kull, Robert S; Velasco, Gerardo R</p> <p>2017-09-04</p> <p>The null hypothesis was that mandibular amplitude, velocity, and <span class="hlt">variability</span> during gum chewing are not altered in subjects with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) <span class="hlt">internal</span> derangements (ID). Thirty symptomatic subjects with confirmed ID consented to chew gum on their left and right sides while being tracked by an incisor-point jaw tracker. A gender and age matched control group (p > 0.67) volunteered to be likewise recorded. Student's t-test compared the ID group's mean values to the control group. The control group opened wider (p < 0.05) and chewed faster (p < 0.05) than the ID group. The mean cycle time of the ID group (0.929 s) was longer than the control group (0.751 s; p < 0.05) and more <span class="hlt">variable</span> (p < 0.05). The ID group exhibited reduced amplitude and velocity but increased <span class="hlt">variability</span> during chewing. The null hypothesis was rejected. Further study of adaptation to ID by patients should be pursued.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26835531','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26835531"><span>A longitudinal investigation of children <span class="hlt">internationally</span> adopted at school age.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Helder, Emily J; Mulder, Elizabeth; Gunnoe, Marjorie Linder</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Most existing research on children adopted <span class="hlt">internationally</span> has focused on those adopted as infants and toddlers. The current study longitudinally tracked several outcomes, including cognitive, behavioral, emotional, attachment, and family functioning, in 25 children who had been <span class="hlt">internationally</span> adopted at school age (M = 7.7 years old at adoption, SD = 3.4, range = 4–15 years). We examined the incidence of clinically significant impairments, significant change in outcomes over the three study points, and <span class="hlt">variables</span> that predicted outcomes over time. Clinically significant impairments in sustained attention, full-scale intelligence, reading, language, executive functioning, externalizing problems, and parenting stress were common, with language and executive functioning impairments present at higher levels in the current study compared with past research focusing on children adopted as infants and toddlers. Over the three study points, significant improvements across most cognitive areas and attachment functioning were observed, though significant worsening in executive functioning and <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> problems was present. Adoptive family-specific <span class="hlt">variables</span>, such as greater maternal education, smaller family size, a parenting approach that encouraged age-expected behaviors, home schooling, and being the sole adopted child in the family were associated with greater improvement across several cognitive outcomes. In contrast, decreased parenting stress was predicted by having multiple adopted children and smaller family sizes were associated with greater difficulties with executive functioning. Child-specific <span class="hlt">variables</span> were also linked to outcomes, with girls displaying worse attachment and poorer cognitive performance and with less time in orphanage care resulting in greater adoption success. Implications for future research and clinical applications are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26090785','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26090785"><span>Economic Analysis of Cleft Palate Repair in <span class="hlt">International</span> Adoptees.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tomlinson-Hansen, Sandra; Paliga, J Thomas; Tahiri, Youssef; Paine, Kaitlyn M; Bartlett, Scott P; Taylor, Jesse A</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Retrospective cohort study. Major <span class="hlt">international</span> tertiary care referral center for cleft palate repair. One hundred thirty-eight patients at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia who had palate repair performed between 2010 and 2013, excluding syndromic patients, patients undergoing palate revision, and patients with incomplete payment information. None. Fees and charges for procedures. Surgeon payment was significantly higher for <span class="hlt">international</span> adoptees (Δ = $2047.51 [$128.35 to $3966.66], P = .038). Medicaid-adjusted surgeon payments averaged $1006 more for adoptees ([-$394.19 to $2406.98], P = .158). Hospital and anesthesiology costs for adoptee palate repair were highly <span class="hlt">variable</span> but did not differ significantly from those for nonadoptees. Partly due to payer mix, surgeon reimbursement was somewhat higher for <span class="hlt">international</span> adoptees. No difference in total payment was found.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27050776','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27050776"><span>Lesbian, gay, & bisexual older adults: linking <span class="hlt">internal</span> minority stressors, chronic health conditions, and depression.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hoy-Ellis, Charles P; Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>This study aims to: (1) test whether the minority stressors disclosure of sexual orientation; and (2) <span class="hlt">internalized</span> heterosexism are predictive of chronic physical health conditions; and (3) depression; (4) to test direct and indirect relationships between these <span class="hlt">variables</span>; and (5) whether chronic physical health conditions are further predictive of depression, net of disclosure of sexual orientation and <span class="hlt">internalized</span> heterosexism. Secondary analysis of national, community-based surveys of 2349 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults aged 50 and older residing in the US utilizing structural equation modeling. Congruent with minority stress theory, disclosure of sexual orientation is indirectly associated with chronic physical health conditions and depression, mediated by <span class="hlt">internalized</span> heterosexism with a suppressor effect. <span class="hlt">Internalized</span> heterosexism is directly associated with chronic physical health conditions and depression, and further indirectly associated with depression mediated by chronic physical health conditions. Finally, chronic physical health conditions have an additional direct relationship with depression, net of other predictor <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Minority stressors and chronic physical health conditions independently and collectively predict depression, possibly a synergistic effect. Implications for depression among older sexual minority adults are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28821678','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28821678"><span>Individual Movement <span class="hlt">Variability</span> Magnitudes Are Explained by Cortical Neural <span class="hlt">Variability</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Haar, Shlomi; Donchin, Opher; Dinstein, Ilan</p> <p>2017-09-13</p> <p>Humans exhibit considerable motor <span class="hlt">variability</span> even across trivial reaching movements. This <span class="hlt">variability</span> can be separated into specific kinematic components such as extent and direction that are thought to be governed by distinct neural processes. Here, we report that individual subjects (males and females) exhibit different magnitudes of kinematic <span class="hlt">variability</span>, which are consistent (within individual) across movements to different targets and regardless of which arm (right or left) was used to perform the movements. Simultaneous fMRI recordings revealed that the same subjects also exhibited different magnitudes of fMRI <span class="hlt">variability</span> across movements in a variety of motor system areas. These fMRI <span class="hlt">variability</span> magnitudes were also consistent across movements to different targets when performed with either arm. Cortical fMRI <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the posterior-parietal cortex of individual subjects explained their movement-extent <span class="hlt">variability</span>. This relationship was apparent only in posterior-parietal cortex and not in other motor system areas, thereby suggesting that individuals with more <span class="hlt">variable</span> movement preparation exhibit larger kinematic <span class="hlt">variability</span>. We therefore propose that neural and kinematic <span class="hlt">variability</span> are reliable and interrelated individual characteristics that may predispose individual subjects to exhibit distinct motor capabilities. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neural activity and movement kinematics are remarkably <span class="hlt">variable</span>. Although intertrial <span class="hlt">variability</span> is rarely studied, here, we demonstrate that individual human subjects exhibit distinct magnitudes of neural and kinematic <span class="hlt">variability</span> that are reproducible across movements to different targets and when performing these movements with either arm. Furthermore, when examining the relationship between cortical <span class="hlt">variability</span> and movement <span class="hlt">variability</span>, we find that cortical fMRI <span class="hlt">variability</span> in parietal cortex of individual subjects explained their movement extent <span class="hlt">variability</span>. This enabled us to explain why some subjects</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AAS...22411001S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AAS...22411001S"><span>Testing Cataclysmic <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Evolution Models with Light Curves of >10,000 Magnitudes Over >100 years and Fully-Corrected to Johnson B & V</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schaefer, Bradley E.</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>A combination of magnitudes from the Harvard and Sonneberg plates stacks and the <span class="hlt">AAVSO</span> data base can create very well-sampled light curves with >10,000 magnitudes and covering all of 1890-2014 for roughly a hundred cataclysmic <span class="hlt">variables</span> (CVs; novae, novalikes, and dwarf novae). Care must be taken to get all these magnitudes into a modern magnitude system. For the archival plates, these are all close to the B magnitude system so that color terms are small, hence, with the use of modern B magnitudes for the comparison stars, these magnitudes can all be placed onto the Johnson B system. For the archival visual observations, the original comparison sequences can always be found, and the magnitudes for the CV and comparisons must be converted from visual to V, so that the reported magnitudes can be fully corrected to Johnson V. The uncertainties from the plates and the visual magnitudes can always be beaten down by daily or yearly averaging to typical real total error bars of ±0.03 mag, and these are always much smaller than the sampling error arising from flickering and greatly smaller than the range of variations. These very-well-sampled >100 year Johnson B & V light curves can be used to test long term evolution models for CVs. With colleagues, I have made light curves for old novae (GK Per from 1890-2014 with 47,000 mags, V603 Aql from 1898-2014 using 22,722 mags, Q Cyg from 1876-2014 with 6400 mags, T CrB from 1855-2014 using 104,000 mags), Z Cam stars (Z Cam from 1923-2014 with 90,000 mags), and dwarf novae (SS Cyg from 1896-2014 with 403,800 mags). The relative accretion rate is given by both the average flux and by the inverse of the average peak-to-peak time for the dwarf novae. By this means, I have measured the changes in the accretion rate for many CVs and how they change on a yearly basis for a century and longer. These observations are directly compared to various CV evolution models. A complex set of agreements and disagreements is found.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24339758','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24339758"><span>Determinants of cell-to-cell <span class="hlt">variability</span> in protein kinase signaling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jeschke, Matthias; Baumgärtner, Stephan; Legewie, Stefan</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Cells reliably sense environmental changes despite <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external fluctuations, but the mechanisms underlying robustness remain unclear. We analyzed how fluctuations in signaling protein concentrations give rise to cell-to-cell <span class="hlt">variability</span> in protein kinase signaling using analytical theory and numerical simulations. We characterized the dose-response behavior of signaling cascades by calculating the stimulus level at which a pathway responds ('pathway sensitivity') and the maximal activation level upon strong stimulation. Minimal kinase cascades with gradual dose-response behavior show strong <span class="hlt">variability</span>, because the pathway sensitivity and the maximal activation level cannot be simultaneously invariant. Negative feedback regulation resolves this trade-off and coordinately reduces fluctuations in the pathway sensitivity and maximal activation. Feedbacks acting at different levels in the cascade control different aspects of the dose-response curve, thereby synergistically reducing the <span class="hlt">variability</span>. We also investigated more complex, ultrasensitive signaling cascades capable of switch-like decision making, and found that these can be inherently robust to protein concentration fluctuations. We describe how the cell-to-cell <span class="hlt">variability</span> of ultrasensitive signaling systems can be actively regulated, e.g., by altering the expression of phosphatase(s) or by feedback/feedforward loops. Our calculations reveal that slow transcriptional negative feedback loops allow for <span class="hlt">variability</span> suppression while maintaining switch-like decision making. Taken together, we describe design principles of signaling cascades that promote robustness. Our results may explain why certain signaling cascades like the yeast pheromone pathway show switch-like decision making with little cell-to-cell <span class="hlt">variability</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22392317','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22392317"><span>[Depressive symptoms among medical <span class="hlt">intern</span> students in a Brazilian public university].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Costa, Edméa Fontes de Oliva; Santana, Ygo Santos; Santos, Ana Teresa Rodrigues de Abreu; Martins, Luiz Antonio Nogueira; Melo, Enaldo Vieira de; Andrade, Tarcísio Matos de</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>To estimate, among Medical School <span class="hlt">intern</span> students, the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their severity, as well as associated factors. Cross-sectional study in May 2008, with a representative sample of medical <span class="hlt">intern</span> students (n = 84) from Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a structured questionnaire containing information on sociodemographic <span class="hlt">variables</span>, teaching-learning process, and personal aspects were used. The exploratory data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Finally, the analysis of multiple <span class="hlt">variables</span> by logistic regression and the calculation of simple and adjusted ORs with their respective 95% confidence intervals were performed. The general prevalence was 40.5%, with 1.2% (95% CI: 0.0-6.5) of severe depressive symptoms; 4.8% (95% CI: 1.3-11.7) of moderate depressive symptoms; and 34.5% (95% CI: 24.5-45.7) of mild depressive symptoms. The logistic regression revealed the <span class="hlt">variables</span> with a major impact associated with the emergence of depressive symptoms: thoughts of dropping out (OR 6.24; p = 0.002); emotional stress (OR 7.43;p = 0.0004); and average academic performance (OR 4.74; p = 0.0001). The high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the study population was associated with <span class="hlt">variables</span> related to the teaching-learning process and personal aspects, suggesting immediate preemptive measures regarding Medical School graduation and student care are required.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.9151V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..16.9151V"><span>Soil <span class="hlt">variability</span> in engineering applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vessia, Giovanna</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Natural geomaterials, as soils and rocks, show spatial <span class="hlt">variability</span> and heterogeneity of physical and mechanical properties. They can be measured by in field and laboratory testing. The heterogeneity concerns different values of litho-technical parameters pertaining similar lithological units placed close to each other. On the contrary, the <span class="hlt">variability</span> is inherent to the formation and evolution processes experienced by each geological units (homogeneous geomaterials on average) and captured as a spatial structure of fluctuation of physical property values about their mean trend, e.g. the unit weight, the hydraulic permeability, the friction angle, the cohesion, among others. The preceding spatial variations shall be managed by engineering models to accomplish reliable designing of structures and infrastructures. Materon (1962) introduced the Geostatistics as the most comprehensive tool to manage spatial correlation of parameter measures used in a wide range of earth science applications. In the field of the engineering geology, Vanmarcke (1977) developed the first pioneering attempts to describe and manage the inherent <span class="hlt">variability</span> in geomaterials although Terzaghi (1943) already highlighted that spatial fluctuations of physical and mechanical parameters used in geotechnical designing cannot be neglected. A few years later, Mandelbrot (1983) and Turcotte (1986) interpreted the <span class="hlt">internal</span> arrangement of geomaterial according to Fractal Theory. In the same years, Vanmarcke (1983) proposed the Random Field Theory providing mathematical tools to deal with inherent <span class="hlt">variability</span> of each geological units or stratigraphic succession that can be resembled as one material. In this approach, measurement fluctuations of physical parameters are interpreted through the spatial <span class="hlt">variability</span> structure consisting in the correlation function and the scale of fluctuation. Fenton and Griffiths (1992) combined random field simulation with the finite element method to produce the Random</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24508935','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24508935"><span>Identification of <span class="hlt">International</span> Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health categories for patients with peripheral arterial disease.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vyskocil, Erich; Gruther, Wolfgang; Steiner, Irene; Schuhfried, Othmar</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>Disease-specific categories of the <span class="hlt">International</span> Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health have not yet been described for patients with chronic peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAD). The authors examined the relationship between the categories of the Brief Core Sets for ischemic heart diseases with the Peripheral Artery Questionnaire and the ankle-brachial index to determine which <span class="hlt">International</span> Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health categories are most relevant for patients with PAD. This is a retrospective cohort study including 77 patients with verified PAD. Statistical analyses of the relationship between <span class="hlt">International</span> Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health categories as independent <span class="hlt">variables</span> and the endpoints Peripheral Artery Questionnaire or ankle-brachial index were carried out by simple and stepwise linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, and leg (left vs. right). The stepwise linear regression model with the ankle-brachial index as dependent <span class="hlt">variable</span> revealed a significant effect of the <span class="hlt">variables</span> blood vessel functions and muscle endurance functions. Calculating a stepwise linear regression model with the Peripheral Artery Questionnaire as dependent <span class="hlt">variable</span>, a significant effect of age, emotional functions, energy and drive functions, carrying out daily routine, as well as walking could be observed. This study identifies <span class="hlt">International</span> Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health categories in the Brief Core Sets for ischemic heart diseases that show a significant effect on the ankle-brachial index and the Peripheral Artery Questionnaire score in patients with PAD. These categories provide fundamental information on functioning of patients with PAD and patient-centered outcomes for rehabilitation interventions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3046939','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3046939"><span>Selection Criteria for <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine Residency Applicants and Professionalism Ratings During Internship</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cullen, Michael W.; Reed, Darcy A.; Halvorsen, Andrew J.; Wittich, Christopher M.; Kreuziger, Lisa M. Baumann; Keddis, Mira T.; McDonald, Furman S.; Beckman, Thomas J.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>OBJECTIVE: To determine whether standardized admissions data in residents' Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) submissions were associated with multisource assessments of professionalism during internship. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: ERAS applications for all <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine <span class="hlt">interns</span> (N=191) at Mayo Clinic entering training between July 1, 2005, and July 1, 2008, were reviewed by 6 raters. Extracted data included United States Medical Licensing Examination scores, medicine clerkship grades, class rank, Alpha Omega Alpha membership, advanced degrees, awards, volunteer activities, research experiences, first author publications, career choice, and red flags in performance evaluations. Medical school reputation was quantified using U.S. News & World Report rankings. Strength of comparative statements in recommendation letters (0 = no comparative statement, 1 = equal to peers, 2 = top 20%, 3 = top 10% or “best”) were also recorded. Validated multisource professionalism scores (5-point scales) were obtained for each <span class="hlt">intern</span>. Associations between application <span class="hlt">variables</span> and professionalism scores were examined using linear regression. RESULTS: The mean ± SD (minimum-maximum) professionalism score was 4.09±0.31 (2.13-4.56). In multivariate analysis, professionalism scores were positively associated with mean strength of comparative statements in recommendation letters (β=0.13; P=.002). No other associations between ERAS application <span class="hlt">variables</span> and professionalism scores were found. CONCLUSION: Comparative statements in recommendation letters for <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine residency applicants were associated with professionalism scores during internship. Other <span class="hlt">variables</span> traditionally examined when selecting residents were not associated with professionalism. These findings suggest that faculty physicians' direct observations, as reflected in letters of recommendation, are useful indicators of what constitutes a best student. Residency selection committees should</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21364111','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21364111"><span>Selection criteria for <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine residency applicants and professionalism ratings during internship.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cullen, Michael W; Reed, Darcy A; Halvorsen, Andrew J; Wittich, Christopher M; Kreuziger, Lisa M Baumann; Keddis, Mira T; McDonald, Furman S; Beckman, Thomas J</p> <p>2011-03-01</p> <p>To determine whether standardized admissions data in residents' Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) submissions were associated with multisource assessments of professionalism during internship. ERAS applications for all <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine <span class="hlt">interns</span> (N=191) at Mayo Clinic entering training between July 1, 2005, and July 1, 2008, were reviewed by 6 raters. Extracted data included United States Medical Licensing Examination scores, medicine clerkship grades, class rank, Alpha Omega Alpha membership, advanced degrees, awards, volunteer activities, research experiences, first author publications, career choice, and red flags in performance evaluations. Medical school reputation was quantified using U.S. News & World Report rankings. Strength of comparative statements in recommendation letters (0 = no comparative statement, 1 = equal to peers, 2 = top 20%, 3 = top 10% or "best") were also recorded. Validated multisource professionalism scores (5-point scales) were obtained for each <span class="hlt">intern</span>. Associations between application <span class="hlt">variables</span> and professionalism scores were examined using linear regression. The mean ± SD (minimum-maximum) professionalism score was 4.09 ± 0.31 (2.13-4.56). In multivariate analysis, professionalism scores were positively associated with mean strength of comparative statements in recommendation letters (β = 0.13; P = .002). No other associations between ERAS application <span class="hlt">variables</span> and professionalism scores were found. Comparative statements in recommendation letters for <span class="hlt">internal</span> medicine residency applicants were associated with professionalism scores during internship. Other <span class="hlt">variables</span> traditionally examined when selecting residents were not associated with professionalism. These findings suggest that faculty physicians' direct observations, as reflected in letters of recommendation, are useful indicators of what constitutes a best student. Residency selection committees should scrutinize applicants' letters for strongly favorable</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1914238D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1914238D"><span>Harmonising and semantically linking key <span class="hlt">variables</span> from in-situ observing networks of an Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing System, AtlantOS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Darroch, Louise; Buck, Justin</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Atlantic Ocean observation is currently undertaken through loosely-coordinated, in-situ observing networks, satellite observations and data management arrangements at regional, national and <span class="hlt">international</span> scales. The EU Horizon 2020 AtlantOS project aims to deliver an advanced framework for the development of an Integrated Atlantic Ocean Observing System that strengthens the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and contributes to the aims of the Galway Statement on Atlantic Ocean Cooperation. One goal is to ensure that data from different and diverse in-situ observing networks are readily accessible and useable to a wider community, including the <span class="hlt">international</span> ocean science community and other stakeholders in this field. To help achieve this goal, the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) produced a parameter matrix to harmonise data exchange, data flow and data integration for the key <span class="hlt">variables</span> acquired by multiple in-situ AtlantOS observing networks such as ARGO, Seafloor Mapping and OceanSITES. Our solution used semantic linking of controlled vocabularies and metadata for parameters that were "mappable" to existing EU and <span class="hlt">international</span> standard vocabularies. An AtlantOS Essential <span class="hlt">Variables</span> list of terms (aggregated level) based on Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Essential Climate <span class="hlt">Variables</span> (ECV), GOOS Essential Ocean <span class="hlt">Variables</span> (EOV) and other key network <span class="hlt">variables</span> was defined and published on the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Vocabulary Server (version 2.0) as collection A05 (http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/A05/current/). This new vocabulary was semantically linked to standardised metadata for observed properties and units that had been validated by the AtlantOS community: SeaDataNet parameters (P01), Climate and Forecast (CF) Standard Names (P07) and SeaDataNet units (P06). Observed properties were mapped to biological entities from the <span class="hlt">internationally</span> assured AphiaID from the WOrld Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), http</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19720013188','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19720013188"><span>Dynamic characteristics of a <span class="hlt">variable</span>-mass flexible missile</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Meirovitch, L.; Bankovskis, J.</p> <p>1970-01-01</p> <p>The general motion of a <span class="hlt">variable</span> mass flexible missile with <span class="hlt">internal</span> flow and aerodynamic forces is considered. The resulting formulation comprises six ordinary differential equations for rigid body motion and three partial differential equations for elastic motion. The simultaneous differential equations are nonlinear and possess time-dependent coefficients. The differential equations are solved by a semi-analytical method leading to a set of purely ordinary differential equations which are then solved numerically. A computer program was developed for the numerical solution and results are presented for a given set of initial conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863295','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/863295"><span>Low emission <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion engine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Karaba, Albert M.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>A low emission, <span class="hlt">internal</span> combustion compression ignition engine having a cylinder, a piston movable in the cylinder and a pre-combustion chamber communicating with the cylinder near the top thereof and in which low emissions of NO.sub.x are achieved by constructing the pre-combustion chamber to have a volume of between 70% and 85% of the combined pre-chamber and main combustion chamber volume when the piston is at top dead center and by <span class="hlt">variably</span> controlling the initiation of fuel injection into the pre-combustion chamber.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377867','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29377867"><span>Site <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in Regulatory Oversight for an <span class="hlt">International</span> Study of Pediatric Sepsis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Michelson, Kelly N; Reubenson, Gary; Weiss, Scott L; Fitzgerald, Julie C; Ackerman, Kate K; Christie, LeeAnn; Bush, Jenny L; Nadkarni, Vinay M; Thomas, Neal J; Schreiner, Mark S</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Duplicative institutional review board/research ethics committee review for multicenter studies may impose administrative burdens and inefficiencies affecting study implementation and quality. Understanding <span class="hlt">variability</span> in site-specific institutional review board/research ethics committee assessment and barriers to using a single review committee (an increasingly proposed solution) can inform a more efficient process. We provide needed data about the regulatory oversight process for the Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies multicenter point prevalence study. Survey. Sites invited to participate in Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies. Investigators at sites that expressed interest and/or participated in Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies. None. Using an electronic survey, we collected data about 1) logistics of protocol submission, 2) institutional review board/research ethics committee requested modifications, and 3) use of a single institutional review board (for U.S. sites). We collected surveys from 104 of 167 sites (62%). Of the 97 sites that submitted the protocol for institutional review board/research ethics committee review, 34% conducted full board review, 54% expedited review, and 4% considered the study exempt. Time to institutional review board/research ethics committee approval required a median of 34 (range 3-186) days, which took longer at sites that required protocol modifications (median [interquartile range] 50 d [35-131 d] vs 32 d [14-54 d)]; p = 0.02). Enrollment was delayed at eight sites due to prolonged (> 50 d) time to approval. Of 49 U.S. sites, 43% considered using a single institutional review board, but only 18% utilized this option. Time to final approval for U.S. sites using the single institutional review board was 62 days (interquartile range, 34-70 d) compared with 34 days (interquartile range, 15-54 d) for nonsingle institutional review board sites (p = 0.16). <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in regulatory oversight was evident for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26572719','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26572719"><span>[Report of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Consistency of the Scales in Research Published in the Colombian Journal of Psychiatry].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Campo-Arias, Adalberto</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>Establishment of the frequency of reporting <span class="hlt">internal</span> consistency of the scales in research published in the Colombian Journal of Psychiatry (CJP) between 2006 and 2010. A descriptive study was carried out which computes the report of <span class="hlt">internal</span> consistency (Cronbach alpha) of scales in research published as original papers in the CJP. Validation studies were excluded. A total of 114 articles were published and 30 of them were included in the analysis. Researchers applied 67 scales for measuring some <span class="hlt">variables</span> and Cronbach alpha of 20 (29.8%) scales was reported in the participating population. In the CJP, few published studies that apply measuring scales for <span class="hlt">variables</span> report <span class="hlt">internal</span> consistency in the analyzed sample. It is necessary for authors to report the <span class="hlt">internal</span> consistency of used scales in the study population to guarantee the validity of conclusions. Copyright © 2013 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1408807-us-climate-variability-predictability-project','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1408807-us-climate-variability-predictability-project"><span>US Climate <span class="hlt">Variability</span> and Predictability Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Patterson, Mike</p> <p></p> <p>The US CLIVAR Project Office administers the US CLIVAR Program with its mission to advance understanding and prediction of climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> and change across timescales with an emphasis on the role of the ocean and its interaction with other elements of the Earth system. The Project Office promotes and facilitates scientific collaboration within the US and <span class="hlt">international</span> climate and Earth science communities, addressing priority topics from subseasonal to centennial climate <span class="hlt">variability</span> and change; the global energy imbalance; the ocean’s role in climate, water, and carbon cycles; climate and weather extremes; and polar climate changes. This project provides essential one-year supportmore » of the Project Office, enabling the participation of US scientists in the meetings of the US CLIVAR bodies that guide scientific planning and implementation, including the scientific steering committee that establishes program goals and evaluates progress of activities to address them, the science team of funded investigators studying the ocean overturning circulation in the Atlantic, and two working groups tackling the priority research topics of Arctic change influence on midlatitude climate and weather extremes and the decadal-scale widening of the tropical belt.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27671865','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27671865"><span>Inter-laboratory consistency and <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the buccal micronucleus cytome assay depends on biomarker scored and laboratory experience: results from the HUMNxl <span class="hlt">international</span> inter-laboratory scoring exercise.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bolognesi, Claudia; Knasmueller, Siegfried; Nersesyan, Armen; Roggieri, Paola; Ceppi, Marcello; Bruzzone, Marco; Blaszczyk, Ewa; Mielzynska-Svach, Danuta; Milic, Mirta; Bonassi, Stefano; Benedetti, Danieli; Da Silva, Juliana; Toledo, Raphael; Salvadori, Daisy Maria Fávero; Groot de Restrepo, Helena; Filipic, Metka; Hercog, Klara; Aktas, Ayça; Burgaz, Sema; Kundi, Michael; Grummt, Tamara; Thomas, Philip; Hor, Maryam; Escudero-Fung, Maria; Holland, Nina; Fenech, Michael</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>The buccal micronucleus cytome (BMNcyt) assay in uncultured exfoliated epithelial cells from oral mucosa is widely applied in biomonitoring human exposures to genotoxic agents and is also proposed as a suitable test for prescreening and follow-up of precancerous oral lesions. The main limitation of the assay is the large <span class="hlt">variability</span> observed in the baseline values of micronuclei (MNi) and other nuclear anomalies mainly related to different scoring criteria. The aim of this <span class="hlt">international</span> collaborative study, involving laboratories with different level of experience, was to evaluate the inter- and intra-laboratory variations in the BMNcyt parameters, using recently implemented guidelines, in scoring cells from the same pooled samples obtained from healthy subjects (control group) and from cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (treated group). The results indicate that all laboratories correctly discriminated samples from the two groups by a significant increase of micronucleus (MN) and nuclear bud (NBUD) frequencies and differentiated binucleated (BN) cells, associated with the exposure to ionizing radiation. The experience of the laboratories was shown to play an important role in the identification of the different cell types and nuclear anomalies. MN frequency in differentiated mononucleated (MONO) and BN cells showed the greatest consistency among the laboratories and low <span class="hlt">variability</span> was also detected in the frequencies of MONO and BN cells. A larger <span class="hlt">variability</span> was observed in classifying the different cell types, indicating the subjectivity in the interpretation of some of the scoring criteria while reproducibility of the results between scoring sessions was very good. An inter-laboratory calibration exercise is strongly recommended before starting studies with BMNcyt assay involving multiple research centers. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the UK Environmental Mutagen Society. All rights reserved. For permissions</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29686817','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29686817"><span>The Role of Individual and Social <span class="hlt">Variables</span> in Predicting Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorder Symptoms among Iranian Adolescent Girls: An Expanding of the Tripartite Influence Mode.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shahyad, Shima; Pakdaman, Shahla; Shokri, Omid; Saadat, Seyed Hassan</p> <p>2018-01-12</p> <p>The aim of the present study was to examine the causal relationships between psychological and social factors, being independent <span class="hlt">variables</span> and body image dissatisfaction plus symptoms of eating disorders as dependent <span class="hlt">variables</span> through the mediation of social comparison and thin-ideal <span class="hlt">internalization</span>. To conduct the study, 477 high-school students from Tehran were recruited by method of cluster sampling. Next, they filled out Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), Physical Appearance Comparison Scale (PACS), Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS), Appearance Perfectionism Scale (APS), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) and Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4). In the end, collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings showed that the assumed model perfectly fitted the data after modification and as a result, all the path-coefficients of latent <span class="hlt">variables</span> (except for the path between self-esteem and thin-ideal <span class="hlt">internalization</span>) were statistically significant (p>0.05). Also, in this model, 75% of scores' distribution of body dissatisfaction was explained through psychological <span class="hlt">variables</span>, socio-cultural <span class="hlt">variables</span>, social comparison and <span class="hlt">internalization</span> of the thin ideal. The results of the present study provid experimental basis for the confirmation of proposed causal model. The combination of psychological, social and cultural <span class="hlt">variables</span> could efficiently predict body image dissatisfaction of young girls in Iran.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=distribution+AND+time&pg=4&id=EJ985025','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=distribution+AND+time&pg=4&id=EJ985025"><span>Interresponse Time Structures in <span class="hlt">Variable</span>-Ratio and <span class="hlt">Variable</span>-Interval Schedules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Bowers, Matthew T.; Hill, Jade; Palya, William L.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The interresponse-time structures of pigeon key pecking were examined under <span class="hlt">variable</span>-ratio, <span class="hlt">variable</span>-interval, and <span class="hlt">variable</span>-interval plus linear feedback schedules. Whereas the <span class="hlt">variable</span>-ratio and <span class="hlt">variable</span>-interval plus linear feedback schedules generally resulted in a distinct group of short interresponse times and a broad distribution of longer…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017BoLMe.tmp..173A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017BoLMe.tmp..173A"><span>Evaluation of the Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Electrical <span class="hlt">Variability</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anisimov, Sergey V.; Galichenko, Sergey V.; Aphinogenov, Konstantin V.; Prokhorchuk, Aleksandr A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Due to the chaotic motion of charged particles carried by turbulent eddies, electrical quantities in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) have short-term <span class="hlt">variability</span> superimposed on long-term <span class="hlt">variability</span> caused by sources from regional to global scales. In this study the influence of radon exhalation rate, aerosol distribution and turbulent transport efficiency on the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of fair-weather atmospheric electricity is investigated via Lagrangian stochastic modelling. For the mid-latitude lower atmosphere undisturbed by precipitation, electrified clouds, or thunderstorms, the model is capable of reproducing the diurnal variation in atmospheric electrical parameters detected by ground-based measurements. Based on the analysis of field observations and numerical simulation it is found that the development of the convective boundary layer, accompanied by an increase in turbulent kinetic energy, forms the vertical distribution of radon and its decaying short-lived daughters to be approximately coincident with the barometric law for several eddy turnover times. In the daytime ABL the vertical distribution of atmospheric electrical conductivity tends to be uniform except within the surface layer, due to convective mixing of radon and its radioactive decay products. At the same time, a decrease in the conductivity near the ground is usually observed. This effect leads to an enhanced ground-level atmospheric electric field compared to that normally observed in the nocturnal stably-stratified boundary layer. The simulation showed that the <span class="hlt">variability</span> of atmospheric electric field in the ABL associated with <span class="hlt">internal</span> origins is significant in comparison to the <span class="hlt">variability</span> related to changes in global parameters. It is suggested that vertical profiles of electrical quantities can serve as informative parameters on ABL turbulent dynamics and can even more broadly characterize the state of the environment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28763081','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28763081"><span>[<span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine in the curriculum of General Medicine at Universities of Mexico, 2014].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maldonado, Jesús Adrián; Peinado, José María</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to analyze <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine as a subject and its requirement in each of the Universities curriculum in Mexico that offers a degree in General Medicine. By the end of the first quarter of 2014, the research was closed and 81 campuses were studied. This research was quantitative, using an analytical technique, written discourse, exploratory and purposive sampling not random and homogeneous type. The Likert questionnaire was used in this study to analyse the following <span class="hlt">variables</span>: the record of <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine as a subject, the burden of credit, and the location of the program. The procedure consisted of three phases. First obtaining an official list of all the Universities in the Mexican Association of Colleges and Schools of Medicine. Second, obtaining an analysis of each of the Universities' curriculums, and lastly gathering each <span class="hlt">variable</span> of the study. The results of the Universities were 63% were public and 37% private. <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine as a subject in the curriculum was 37.1%, and 20% of the universities include it for six months and 9% offer it the whole year. However, the undergraduate internship in <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine offers it 100%. In conclusion, <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine as a subject could disappear from the curriculum in General Medicine before coming to the undergraduate internship, even though the latter is declared required in hospital shifts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1955b0027F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1955b0027F"><span>Quantitative analysis of spatial <span class="hlt">variability</span> of geotechnical parameters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fang, Xing</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Geotechnical parameters are the basic parameters of geotechnical engineering design, while the geotechnical parameters have strong regional characteristics. At the same time, the spatial <span class="hlt">variability</span> of geotechnical parameters has been recognized. It is gradually introduced into the reliability analysis of geotechnical engineering. Based on the statistical theory of geostatistical spatial information, the spatial <span class="hlt">variability</span> of geotechnical parameters is quantitatively analyzed. At the same time, the evaluation of geotechnical parameters and the correlation coefficient between geotechnical parameters are calculated. A residential district of Tianjin Survey Institute was selected as the research object. There are 68 boreholes in this area and 9 layers of mechanical stratification. The parameters are water content, natural gravity, void ratio, liquid limit, plasticity index, liquidity index, compressibility coefficient, compressive modulus, <span class="hlt">internal</span> friction angle, cohesion and SP index. According to the principle of statistical correlation, the correlation coefficient of geotechnical parameters is calculated. According to the correlation coefficient, the law of geotechnical parameters is obtained.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/17088','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/17088"><span><span class="hlt">International</span> students' image of rural Pennsylvania as a travel destination</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Po-Ju Chen; Deborah L. Kerstetter</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to examine the image <span class="hlt">international</span> students at Penn State have of rural travel destinations in the state of Pennsylvania. In addition, this study investigated whether destination image differed depending upon travel behavior and socio-demographic <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Four distinct image dimensions, "tourism infrastructure," "...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007TJSAI..22..148O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007TJSAI..22..148O"><span>Efficient <span class="hlt">Variable</span> Selection Method for Exposure <span class="hlt">Variables</span> on Binary Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ohno, Manabu; Tarumi, Tomoyuki</p> <p></p> <p>In this paper, we propose a new <span class="hlt">variable</span> selection method for "robust" exposure <span class="hlt">variables</span>. We define "robust" as property that the same <span class="hlt">variable</span> can select among original data and perturbed data. There are few studies of effective for the selection method. The problem that selects exposure <span class="hlt">variables</span> is almost the same as a problem that extracts correlation rules without robustness. [Brin 97] is suggested that correlation rules are possible to extract efficiently using chi-squared statistic of contingency table having monotone property on binary data. But the chi-squared value does not have monotone property, so it's is easy to judge the method to be not independent with an increase in the dimension though the <span class="hlt">variable</span> set is completely independent, and the method is not usable in <span class="hlt">variable</span> selection for robust exposure <span class="hlt">variables</span>. We assume anti-monotone property for independent <span class="hlt">variables</span> to select robust independent <span class="hlt">variables</span> and use the apriori algorithm for it. The apriori algorithm is one of the algorithms which find association rules from the market basket data. The algorithm use anti-monotone property on the support which is defined by association rules. But independent property does not completely have anti-monotone property on the AIC of independent probability model, but the tendency to have anti-monotone property is strong. Therefore, selected <span class="hlt">variables</span> with anti-monotone property on the AIC have robustness. Our method judges whether a certain <span class="hlt">variable</span> is exposure <span class="hlt">variable</span> for the independent <span class="hlt">variable</span> using previous comparison of the AIC. Our numerical experiments show that our method can select robust exposure <span class="hlt">variables</span> efficiently and precisely.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25940538','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25940538"><span>Sleep <span class="hlt">variability</span> and fatigue in adolescents: Associations with school-related features.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Matos, M G; Gaspar, T; Tomé, G; Paiva, T</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>This study aims to evaluate the influences of sleep duration and sleep <span class="hlt">variability</span> (SleepV), upon adolescents' school-related situations. The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey is based on a self-completed questionnaire. The participants were 3164 pupils (53.7% girls), attending the 8th and 10th grades, 14.9 years old, and were inquired about subjective sleep duration during the week and weekends, SleepV, fatigue, difficulties in sleep initiation, school achievement, feelings towards schools, pressure with school work and skipping classes. Multiple regression models used, as dependent <span class="hlt">variables</span>: (a) school achievement, (b) disliking school, (c) pressure with school work and (d) skipping classes, using as independent <span class="hlt">variables</span>, each of the remaining school-related <span class="hlt">variables</span>, fatigue, total sleep duration and difficulties in sleep initiation. The average sleep duration in the week and during weekdays was lower than recommended for these age groups, and almost half of students had high SleepV between weekdays and weekends. A logistic model revealed that the absence of SleepV was associated with lower perception of school work pressure, less frequent skipping classes, more infrequent fatigue and more infrequent difficulties in sleep initiation. Poor sleep quality, SleepV and insufficient sleep duration affected negatively school-related <span class="hlt">variables</span>. © 2015 <span class="hlt">International</span> Union of Psychological Science.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020039168','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020039168"><span><span class="hlt">Variability</span> and Predictability of Land-Atmosphere Interactions: Observational and Modeling Studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Roads, John; Oglesby, Robert; Marshall, Susan; Robertson, Franklin R.</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>The overall goal of this project is to increase our understanding of seasonal to interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> and predictability of atmosphere-land interactions. The project objectives are to: 1. Document the low frequency <span class="hlt">variability</span> in land surface features and associated water and energy cycles from general circulation models (GCMs), observations and reanalysis products. 2. Determine what relatively wet and dry years have in common on a region-by-region basis and then examine the physical mechanisms that may account for a significant portion of the <span class="hlt">variability</span>. 3. Develop GCM experiments to examine the hypothesis that better knowledge of the land surface enhances long range predictability. This investigation is aimed at evaluating and predicting seasonal to interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span> for selected regions emphasizing the role of land-atmosphere interactions. Of particular interest are the relationships between large, regional and local scales and how they interact to account for seasonal and interannual <span class="hlt">variability</span>, including extreme events such as droughts and floods. North and South America, including the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Continental <span class="hlt">International</span> Project (GEWEX GCIP), MacKenzie, and LBA basins, are currently being emphasized. We plan to ultimately generalize and synthesize to other land regions across the globe, especially those pertinent to other GEWEX projects.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195947','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195947"><span>Childhood temperament and family environment as predictors of <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> and externalizing trajectories from ages 5 to 17.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Leve, Leslie D; Kim, Hyoun K; Pears, Katherine C</p> <p>2005-10-01</p> <p>Childhood temperament and family environment have been shown to predict <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> and externalizing behavior; however, less is known about how temperament and family environment interact to predict changes in problem behavior. We conducted latent growth curve modeling on a sample assessed at ages 5, 7, 10, 14, and 17 (N = 337). Externalizing behavior decreased over time for both sexes, and <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> behavior increased over time for girls only. Two childhood <span class="hlt">variables</span> (fear/shyness and maternal depression) predicted boys' and girls' age-17 <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> behavior, harsh discipline uniquely predicted boys' age-17 <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> behavior, and maternal depression and lower family income uniquely predicted increases in girls' <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> behavior. For externalizing behavior, an array of temperament, family environment, and Temperament x Family Environment <span class="hlt">variables</span> predicted age-17 behavior for both sexes. Sex differences were present in the prediction of externalizing slopes, with maternal depression predicting increases in boys' externalizing behavior only when impulsivity was low, and harsh discipline predicting increases in girls' externalizing behavior only when impulsivity was high or when fear/shyness was low.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Ap%26SS.363...39B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Ap%26SS.363...39B"><span>Gravitational attraction until relativistic equipartition of <span class="hlt">internal</span> and translational kinetic energies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bulyzhenkov, I. E.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Translational ordering of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> kinematic chaos provides the Special Relativity referents for the geodesic motion of warm thermodynamical bodies. Taking identical mathematics, relativistic physics of the low speed transport of time-varying heat-energies differs from Newton's physics of steady masses without <span class="hlt">internal</span> degrees of freedom. General Relativity predicts geodesic changes of the <span class="hlt">internal</span> heat-energy <span class="hlt">variable</span> under the free gravitational fall and the geodesic turn in the radial field center. <span class="hlt">Internal</span> heat variations enable cyclic dynamics of decelerated falls and accelerated takeoffs of inertial matter and its structural self-organization. The coordinate speed of the ordered spatial motion takes maximum under the equipartition of relativistic <span class="hlt">internal</span> and translational kinetic energies. Observable predictions are discussed for verification/falsification of the principle of equipartition as a new basic for the ordered motion and self-organization in external fields, including gravitational, electromagnetic, and thermal ones.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A53D2286S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.A53D2286S"><span><span class="hlt">Internally</span> Generated and Externally Forced Multidecadal Oceanic Modes and their Influence on the Summer Rainfall over East Asia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Si, D.; Hu, A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The interdecadal oceanic <span class="hlt">variabilities</span> can be generated from both <span class="hlt">internal</span> and external processes, and these <span class="hlt">variabilities</span> can significantly modulate our climate on global and regional scale, such as the warming slowdown in the early 21st century, and the rainfall in East Asia. By analyzing simulations from a unique Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble (CESM_LE) project, we show that the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) is primarily an <span class="hlt">internally</span> generated oceanic <span class="hlt">variability</span>, while the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) may be an oceanic <span class="hlt">variability</span> generated by <span class="hlt">internal</span> oceanic processes and modulated by external forcings in the 20th century. Although the observed relationship between IPO and the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley (YHRV) summer rainfall in China is well simulated in both the preindustrial control and 20th century ensemble, none of the 20th century ensemble members can reproduce the observed time evolution of both IPO and YHRV due to the unpredictable nature of IPO on multidecade timescale. On the other hand, although CESM_LE cannot reproduce the observed relationship between AMO and Huanghe River valley (HRV) summer rainfall of China in the preindustrial control simulation, this relationship in the 20th century simulations is well reproduced, and the chance to reproduce the observed time evolution of both AMO and HRV rainfall is about 30%, indicating the important role of the interaction between the <span class="hlt">internal</span> processes and the external forcing to realistically simulate the AMO and HRV rainfall.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3510328','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3510328"><span>20 MHz Forward-imaging Single-element Beam Steering with an <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Rotating <span class="hlt">Variable</span>-Angle Reflecting Surface: Wire phantom and Ex vivo pilot study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Raphael, David T.; Li, Xiang; Park, Jinhyoung; Chen, Ruimin; Chabok, Hamid; Barukh, Arthur; Zhou, Qifa; Elgazery, Mahmoud; Shung, K. Kirk</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Feasibility is demonstrated for a forward-imaging beam steering system involving a single-element 20 MHz angled-face acoustic transducer combined with an <span class="hlt">internal</span> rotating <span class="hlt">variable</span>-angle reflecting surface (VARS). Rotation of the VARS structure, for a fixed position of the transducer, generates a 2-D angular sector scan. If these VARS revolutions were to be accompanied by successive rotations of the single-element transducer, 3-D imaging would be achieved. In the design of this device, a single-element 20 MHz PMN-PT press-focused angled-face transducer is focused on the circle of midpoints of a micro-machined VARS within the distal end of an endoscope. The 2-D imaging system was tested in water bath experiments with phantom wire structures at a depth of 10 mm, and exhibited an axial resolution of 66 μm and a lateral resolution of 520 μm. Chirp coded excitation was used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, and to increase the depth of penetration. Images of an ex vivo cow eye were obtained. This VARS-based approach offers a novel forward-looking beam-steering method, which could be useful in intra-cavity imaging. PMID:23122968</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25000160','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25000160"><span>Chewing movements altered in the presence of temporomandibular joint <span class="hlt">internal</span> derangements.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Radke, John C; Kull, Robert S; Sethi, Manminder S</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>The objectives were to find specific factors that are mathematically distinct between the chewing timings, movement pattern shapes, <span class="hlt">variability</span>, and movement velocities of: (1) normal asymptomatic subjects and (2) a group of subjects with verified temporomandibular joint (TMJ) <span class="hlt">internal</span> derangements. Left- and right-sided chewing movement recordings of 28 subjects (34.5 ± 14.0 years) were randomly selected from a large database of patients exhibiting verified unilateral or bilateral TMJ <span class="hlt">internal</span> derangements. The chewing movements of an age- and gender-matched control group of 20 asymptomatic subjects (32.5 ± 11.6 years, P>0.60) with verified normal TMJ function were also recorded. Means and standard deviations of the opening, closing, turning point, terminal chewing position, and velocity patterns were calculated. A two-tailed Student's t-test with unequal variances was used to compare the parameters between the two groups (alpha = 0.05). The dysfunctional group functioned significantly slower and with greater <span class="hlt">variability</span> than the control group. The vertical dimension was consistently smaller in the dysfunctional group (P<0.00001). The terminal chewing position was significantly less precise in the dysfunctional group (vertical: P<0.002 and lateral: P<0.037). The maximum lateral width was significantly less (P<0.0071), and the peak and the average velocities were significantly lower (P<0.00001 for both) in the dysfunctional group. This group of dysfunctional subjects exhibited significantly slower, smaller, and more <span class="hlt">variable</span> chewing patterns than the control group. The functional pattern of mastication appears to be significantly altered in the presence of an <span class="hlt">internal</span> derangement of the TMJ.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850012125&hterms=deutsche+forschungsgemeinschaft&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Ddeutsche%2Bforschungsgemeinschaft','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850012125&hterms=deutsche+forschungsgemeinschaft&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Ddeutsche%2Bforschungsgemeinschaft"><span>A Catalogue of Dynamic Parameters Describing the <span class="hlt">Variability</span> of the Middle Stratosphere During the Northern Winters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Labitzke, K.; Goretzki, B.</p> <p>1982-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">international</span> <span class="hlt">variability</span> of the middle stratosphere during the winter in the Northern Hemisphere is discussed. Monthly mean temperatures over the North Pole are presented along with charts of mean zonal wind velocities at 60 deg N.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4211980','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4211980"><span><span class="hlt">Variables</span> Associated With Tic Exacerbation in Children With Chronic Tic Disorders</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Himle, Michael B.; Capriotti, Matthew R.; Hayes, Loran P.; Ramanujam, Krishnapriya; Scahill, Lawrence; Sukhodolsky, Denis G.; Wilhelm, Sabine; Deckersbach, Thilo; Peterson, Alan L.; Specht, Matt W.; Walkup, John T.; Chang, Susanna; Piacentini, John</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Research has shown that motor and vocal tics fluctuate in frequency, intensity, and form in response to environmental and contextual cues. Behavioral models have proposed that some of the variation in tics may reflect context-dependent interactive learning processes such that once tics are performed, they are influenced by environmental contingencies. The current study describes the results of a function-based assessment of tics (FBAT) from a recently completed study comparing Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) with supportive psychotherapy. The current study describes the frequency with which antecedent and consequence <span class="hlt">variables</span> were reported to exacerbate tics and the relationships between these functional <span class="hlt">variables</span> and sample baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and measures of tic severity. Results showed that tic-exacerbating antecedents and consequences were nearly ubiquitous in a sample of children with chronic tic disorder. In addition, functional <span class="hlt">variables</span> were related to baseline measures of comorbid <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> symptoms and specific measures of tic severity. PMID:24778433</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778433','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778433"><span><span class="hlt">Variables</span> Associated With Tic Exacerbation in Children With Chronic Tic Disorders.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Himle, Michael B; Capriotti, Matthew R; Hayes, Loran P; Ramanujam, Krishnapriya; Scahill, Lawrence; Sukhodolsky, Denis G; Wilhelm, Sabine; Deckersbach, Thilo; Peterson, Alan L; Specht, Matt W; Walkup, John T; Chang, Susanna; Piacentini, John</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Research has shown that motor and vocal tics fluctuate in frequency, intensity, and form in response to environmental and contextual cues. Behavioral models have proposed that some of the variation in tics may reflect context-dependent interactive learning processes such that once tics are performed, they are influenced by environmental contingencies. The current study describes the results of a function-based assessment of tics (FBAT) from a recently completed study comparing Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) with supportive psychotherapy. The current study describes the frequency with which antecedent and consequence <span class="hlt">variables</span> were reported to exacerbate tics and the relationships between these functional <span class="hlt">variables</span> and sample baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and measures of tic severity. Results showed that tic-exacerbating antecedents and consequences were nearly ubiquitous in a sample of children with chronic tic disorder. In addition, functional <span class="hlt">variables</span> were related to baseline measures of comorbid <span class="hlt">internalizing</span> symptoms and specific measures of tic severity. © The Author(s) 2014.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19970009768&hterms=logistic+costs&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dlogistic%2Bcosts','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19970009768&hterms=logistic+costs&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dlogistic%2Bcosts"><span>Application of Different Statistical Techniques in Integrated Logistics Support of the <span class="hlt">International</span> Space Station Alpha</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sepehry-Fard, F.; Coulthard, Maurice H.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>The process to predict the values of the maintenance time dependent <span class="hlt">variable</span> parameters such as mean time between failures (MTBF) over time must be one that will not in turn introduce uncontrolled deviation in the results of the ILS analysis such as life cycle cost spares calculation, etc. A minor deviation in the values of the maintenance time dependent <span class="hlt">variable</span> parameters such as MTBF over time will have a significant impact on the logistics resources demands, <span class="hlt">International</span> Space Station availability, and maintenance support costs. It is the objective of this report to identify the magnitude of the expected enhancement in the accuracy of the results for the <span class="hlt">International</span> Space Station reliability and maintainability data packages by providing examples. These examples partially portray the necessary information hy evaluating the impact of the said enhancements on the life cycle cost and the availability of the <span class="hlt">International</span> Space Station.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=The+AND+antecedents+AND+self-esteem&pg=4&id=EJ688391','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=The+AND+antecedents+AND+self-esteem&pg=4&id=EJ688391"><span>Examining External and <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Poverty as Antecedents of Teen Pregnancy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Young, Tamera; Turner, Jean; Denny, George; Young, Michael</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>Objectives: To identify antecedents of teen pregnancy. Methods: Data from the National Education Longitudinal Study were analyzed. This data set allowed us to identify eighth-grade antecedents of teen pregnancy/childbearing. Results: The <span class="hlt">variables</span> that were found to be most predictive of later pregnancy were reflective of <span class="hlt">internal</span> poverty (locus…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=COMMUNICATION+AND+AUDIT&pg=5&id=ED120834','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=COMMUNICATION+AND+AUDIT&pg=5&id=ED120834"><span>A Brief Background of the ICA (<span class="hlt">International</span> Communication Association) Audit.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Krivonos, Paul D.</p> <p></p> <p>This paper examines the <span class="hlt">International</span> Communication Association (ICA) audit, the aim of which is to establish an integrated communication audit system and a multimethod approach to the auditing of the communication of an organization. Many of an organization's communication <span class="hlt">variables</span> and concepts are examined so that strengths and weaknesses in…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO34D3105A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO34D3105A"><span><span class="hlt">Variability</span> of Equatorward Transport in the Tropical Southwestern Pacific</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alberty, M. S.; Sprintall, J.; MacKinnon, J. A.; Cravatte, S. E.; Ganachaud, A. S.; Germineaud, C.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Situated in the Pacific warm pool, the Solomon Sea is a semi-enclosed sea containing a system of low latitude Western boundary currents that serve as the primary source water for the Equatorial Undercurrent. The <span class="hlt">variability</span> of equatorward heat and volume transport through the Solomon Sea has the capability to modulate regional and basin-scale climate processes, yet there are few and synoptic observations of these fluxes. Here we present the mean and <span class="hlt">variability</span> of heat and volume transport out of the Solomon Sea observed during the MoorSPICE experiment. MoorSPICE is the Solomon Sea mooring-based observational component of the Southwest Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate Experiment (SPICE), an <span class="hlt">international</span> research project working to observe and improve our understanding of the southwest Pacific Ocean circulation and climate. Arrays of moorings were deployed in the outflow channels of the Solomon Sea for July 2012 until March 2014 to resolve the temperature and velocity fields in each strait. In particular we will discuss the phasing of the observed transport <span class="hlt">variability</span> for each channel compared to that of the satellite-observed monsoonal wind forcing and annual cycle of the mesoscale eddy field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4088266','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4088266"><span>All varieties of encoding <span class="hlt">variability</span> are not created equal: Separating <span class="hlt">variable</span> processing from <span class="hlt">variable</span> tasks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Huff, Mark J.; Bodner, Glen E.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Whether encoding <span class="hlt">variability</span> facilitates memory is shown to depend on whether item-specific and relational processing are both performed across study blocks, and whether study items are weakly versus strongly related. <span class="hlt">Variable</span>-processing groups studied a word list once using an item-specific task and once using a relational task. <span class="hlt">Variable</span>-task groups’ two different study tasks recruited the same type of processing each block. Repeated-task groups performed the same study task each block. Recall and recognition were greatest in the <span class="hlt">variable</span>-processing group, but only with weakly related lists. A <span class="hlt">variable</span>-processing benefit was also found when task-based processing and list-type processing were complementary (e.g., item-specific processing of a related list) rather than redundant (e.g., relational processing of a related list). That performing both item-specific and relational processing across trials, or within a trial, yields encoding-<span class="hlt">variability</span> benefits may help reconcile decades of contradictory findings in this area. PMID:25018583</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC41B1015W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC41B1015W"><span>Interannual to Decadal SST <span class="hlt">Variability</span> in the Tropical Indian Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, G.; Newman, M.; Han, W.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The Indian Ocean has received increasing attention in recent years for its large impacts on regional and global climate. However, due mainly to the close interdependence of the climate variation within the Tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean, the <span class="hlt">internal</span> sea surface temperature (SST) <span class="hlt">variability</span> within the Indian Ocean has not been studied extensively on longer time scales. In this presentation we will show analysis of the interannual to decadal SST <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the Tropical Indian Ocean in observations and Linear Inverse Model (LIM) results. We also compare the decoupled Indian Ocean SST <span class="hlt">variability</span> from the Pacific against fully coupled one based on LIM integrations, to test the factors influence the features of the leading SST modes in the Indian Ocean. The result shows the Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) mode, which is strongly related to global averaged SST <span class="hlt">variability</span>, passively responses to the Pacific variation. Without tropical Indo-Pacific coupling interaction, the intensity of IOB significantly decreases by 80%. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode demonstrates its independence from the Pacific SST <span class="hlt">variability</span> since the IOD does not change its long-term characteristics at all without inter-basin interactions. The overall SSTA variance decreases significantly in the Tropical Indian Ocean in the coupling restricted LIM runs, especially when the one-way impact from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean is turned off, suggesting that most of the <span class="hlt">variability</span> in the Indian Ocean comes from the Pacific influence. On the other hand, the Indian Ocean could also transport anomalies to the Pacific, making the interaction a complete two-way process.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/30441','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/30441"><span>Individual tree growth response to <span class="hlt">variable</span>-density thinning in coastal Pacific Northwest forests.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Scott D.s Roberts; Constance A. Harrington</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>We examined 5-year basal area growth of nearly 2600 trees in stem-mapped plots at five locations differing in site characteristics, species composition, and management history on the Olympic Peninsula in Western Washington, USA. Our objectives were to determine if <span class="hlt">internal</span> edges, the boundaries within the stand between components of the <span class="hlt">variable</span>-density thinning,...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4355087','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4355087"><span>Sparse modeling of spatial environmental <span class="hlt">variables</span> associated with asthma</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chang, Timothy S.; Gangnon, Ronald E.; Page, C. David; Buckingham, William R.; Tandias, Aman; Cowan, Kelly J.; Tomasallo, Carrie D.; Arndt, Brian G.; Hanrahan, Lawrence P.; Guilbert, Theresa W.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Geographically distributed environmental factors influence the burden of diseases such as asthma. Our objective was to identify sparse environmental <span class="hlt">variables</span> associated with asthma diagnosis gathered from a large electronic health record (EHR) dataset while controlling for spatial variation. An EHR dataset from the University of Wisconsin’s Family Medicine, <span class="hlt">Internal</span> Medicine and Pediatrics Departments was obtained for 199,220 patients aged 5–50 years over a three-year period. Each patient’s home address was geocoded to one of 3,456 geographic census block groups. Over one thousand block group <span class="hlt">variables</span> were obtained from a commercial database. We developed a Sparse Spatial Environmental Analysis (SASEA). Using this method, the environmental <span class="hlt">variables</span> were first dimensionally reduced with sparse principal component analysis. Logistic thin plate regression spline modeling was then used to identify block group <span class="hlt">variables</span> associated with asthma from sparse principal components. The addresses of patients from the EHR dataset were distributed throughout the majority of Wisconsin’s geography. Logistic thin plate regression spline modeling captured spatial variation of asthma. Four sparse principal components identified via model selection consisted of food at home, dog ownership, household size, and disposable income <span class="hlt">variables</span>. In rural areas, dog ownership and renter occupied housing units from significant sparse principal components were associated with asthma. Our main contribution is the incorporation of sparsity in spatial modeling. SASEA sequentially added sparse principal components to Logistic thin plate regression spline modeling. This method allowed association of geographically distributed environmental factors with asthma using EHR and environmental datasets. SASEA can be applied to other diseases with environmental risk factors. PMID:25533437</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22130789','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22130789"><span>Influence of some formulation <span class="hlt">variables</span> on the optimization of pH-dependent, colon-targeted, sustained-release mesalamine microspheres.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>El-Bary, Ahmed Abd; Aboelwafa, Ahmed A; Al Sharabi, Ibrahim M</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>The aim of this work was to understand the influence of different formulation <span class="hlt">variables</span> on the optimization of pH-dependent, colon-targeted, sustained-release mesalamine microspheres prepared by O/O emulsion solvent evaporation method, employing pH-dependent Eudragit S and hydrophobic pH-independent ethylcellulose polymers. Formulation <span class="hlt">variables</span> studied included concentration of Eudragit S in the <span class="hlt">internal</span> phase and the ratios between; <span class="hlt">internal</span> to external phase, drug to Eudragit S and Eudragit S to ethylcellulose to mesalamine. Prepared microspheres were evaluated by carrying out in vitro release studies and determination of particle size, production yield, and encapsulation efficiency. In addition, morphology of microspheres was examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Emulsion solvent evaporation method was found to be sensitive to the studied formulation <span class="hlt">variables</span>. Particle size and encapsulation efficiency increased by increasing Eudragit S concentration in the <span class="hlt">internal</span> phase, ratio of <span class="hlt">internal</span> to external phase, and ratio of Eudragit S to the drug. Employing Eudragit S alone in preparation of the microspheres is only successful in forming acid-resistant microspheres with pulsatile release pattern at high pH. Eudragit S and ethylcellulose blend microspheres were able to control release under acidic condition and to extend drug release at high pH. The stability studies carried out at 40°C/75% RH for 6 months proved the stability of the optimized formulation. From the results of this investigation, microencapsulation of mesalamine in microspheres using blend of Eudragit S and ethylcellulose could constitute a promising approach for site-specific and controlled delivery of drug in colon.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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