Abacavir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used for combination antiretroviral therapy for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. An adverse effect from abacavir is a treatment-limiting hypersensitivity reaction, which can be severe and potentially life-threatening. ...
PubMed Central
Severe cutaneous adverse reactions include syndromes such as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) or drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). An important advance has been the discovery of associations between HLA alleles and many of ...
PubMed
Drug hypersensitivity reactions and severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions, such as Stevens�Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, are examples of serious adverse drug reactions mediated through a combination of metabolic and immunological mechanisms that could traditionally not have been predicted ...
Page 1. G. Burckart April, 2008 ... HLA typing ? Abacavir causes up to 8% hypersensitivity ... Carbamazepine hypersensitivity and HLA type in Asians ...
Center for Drug Evaluation (CDER)
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome or drug-induced hypersensitivity is a potentially life-threatening drug hypersensitivity syndrome most commonly associated with anticonvulsants, allopurinol, long-acting sulfonamides, dapsone, and minocycline. In the setting of HIV infection, the antiretroviral ...
Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions represent a major concern for clinicians, patients, regulators and drug developers. Severe hypersensitivity is associated with high morbidity and mortality, it cannot be predicted from the known pharmacology of the drug and it is usually detected post-marketing when a large number of patients ...
The recent introduction of novel, fixed nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) combinations (tenofovir-emtricitabine, and abacavir-lamivudine) expanded the spectrum of available formulations and concurrently increased patients' adherence levels. A prospective survey of the open-label use of these two fixed combinations was performed in 158 patients ...
Abacavir has been at the center of research and clinical interest in the last two years. The frequency of the associated abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome has decreased substantially since the introduction of routine testing for the HLA-B*5701 allele; the activity of the drug in HIV-infected persons with HIV RNA values more than ...
Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions are of major medical concern because they are associated with high morbidity and high mortality. In addition, individual patients' reactions are impossible to predict in each patient. In the field of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cutaneous ADR) such as ...
... close temporal association (median time to detection ... multi-organ hypersensitivity reactions associated with ... a multi-organ hypersensitivity reaction is suspected ...
The availability of high-resolution genetic profiling raises the possibility, during the course of a drug development program, of discovering a subset of patients at particular risk of an adverse drug reaction who might be excluded from subsequent randomization into studies and identified as unsuitable for post-licensing use. Such methods depend on the estimation of the risk ...
Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions can cause a variety of serious diseases by involving drug-specific T-cells. Many of these reactions have been explained by the hapten concept, which postulates that small chemical compounds need to bind covalently to proteins to be recognized by the immune system. Due to their chemical ...
Identifying genetic factors responsible for serious adverse drug reaction (SADR) is of critical importance to personalized medicine. However, genome-wide association studies are hampered due to the lack of case-control samples, and the selection of candidate genes is limited by the lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of SADRs. We hypothesize that drugs causing ...
The most important factor limiting the success of an antiretroviral therapy regimes is toxicity. Toxicity can depend on a number of factors; some of these are intrinsic to the host and may not only affect the latter's outward appearance, but also determine the intensity these toxic effects may reach. The former is exemplified by idiosyncratic or hypersensitivity ...
Pharmacogenomic studies are contributing to our understanding of interindividual differences in response to antiretroviral drugs. Genetic polymorphism in major histocompatibility complex genes predict likelihood of hypersensitivity reactions in persons prescribed abacavir, and perhaps nevirapine. Recent studies have shown that a ...
Introduction: The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in 1996 dramatically changed the survival and the quality of life of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Viral replication can be controlled by using a combination of more than 30 licensed drugs. Despite the fact that many advances have been made in the last 20 years of experience with antiretrovirals, ...
The aim of this review was to describe the current evidence-based knowledge of the epidemiology, prevalence, incidence, risk factors and genetic associations of drug allergy. Articles published between 1966 and 2010 were identified in MEDLINE using the key words adult, adverse drug reaction reporting systems, age factors, anaphylactoid, anaphylaxis, anaesthetics, antibiotics, ...
Pharmacogenomic tests offer a promising strategy to improve the safety and efficacy of drug treatment. Compelling examples, such as HLA-B*5701 testing to identify patients at risk for abacavir-associated hypersensitivity, are already changing clinical care. However, the level of evidence required to establish clinical utility is often the subject of ...
... Title : The Effect of Chemotherapeutic Agents on Immune Reactions. ... the agents seemed to alter significantly the delayed hypersensitivity reaction. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
The availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy has markedly improved the survival rate and quality of life in patients infected with HIV. At present, however, there is still no cure for HIV and those undergoing treatment have to do so for life. The use of antiretroviral drugs has been associated with several toxicities that limit their success. Some acute and chronic toxicities ...
... available for studying the nature of complement as well as its participation in immune defence, hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune phenomena ...
... It was demonstrated in previously published investigations that adrenalectomy intensified the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DHR). ...
... in a variety of ways that have been described as allergic responses, hypersensitivity reactions, infusion reactions, anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid ...
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)
Studies have been made of movement of various macromolecules into and out of the pleural space of guinea pigs during the course of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to purified protein derivative (PPD), and a passively transferred immediate hypersensitivity reaction to ovalbumin. While the immediate ...
HLA-B57 and HLA-B58 are major histocompatibility class (MHC)-I allotypes that are potentially predictive of important clinical immune phenotypes. HLA-B*5701 is strongly associated with hypersensitivity to the HIV drug abacavir, liver toxicity from the antibiotic flucloxacillin and is a marker for slow progression of HIV AIDS. HLA-B*5801 is associated with ...
Background and ObjectiveMaximizing the durability of viral suppression is a key goal of antiretroviral therapy. The objective of AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 372A was to determine whether the intensification strategy of adding abacavir to an effective indinavir-dual nucleoside regimen would delay the time to virologic failure.MethodsZidovudine-experienced subjects (n=229) ...
The immunological specificity of the delayed hypersensitivity response in guinea-pigs stands in direct contrast to the specificity of rabbit antibodies. As many authors have shown, the elicitation of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction appears to involv...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The report describes the distribution of immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to eight selected unstandardized allergens for the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population ages 6-74 years. The rates of hypersensitivity, computed from data col...
... Genetic tests for HLA-B*5701 are already available and all ... Development of clinically-suspected abacavir HSR requires immediate and permanent discontinuation ...
... reactions occurring at the same time, with some ... aware of the risk of hypersensitivity reactions with Saphris ... signs and symptoms of a serious allergic reaction. ...
BackgroundDuring HIV infection and/or antiretroviral therapy (ART), monocytes and macrophages exhibit a wide range of dysfunctions which contribute significantly to HIV pathogenesis and therapy-associated complications. Nevertheless, the molecular components which contribute to these dysfunctions remain elusive. We therefore applied a parallel approach of genome-wide microarray analysis and ...
Recent evidence indicates that hypersensitivity reactions, produced in rats by the administration of a protein antigen, alters plasma zinc and iron homeostasis by depressing concentrations of these trace minerals. Studies were performed to determine if hy...
Ocular and cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions were induced in dogs experimentally infected with Leptospirae. The induced ocular reaction was histologically similar to clinical post leptospiral ophthalmia. The delayed hypersensitivity cutaneous reactions and the ocular ...
... that hypersensitivity reactions, produced in rats by the administration of a protein antigen, alters plasma zinc and iron homeostasis by depressing ...
... antibody for treatment of an autoimmune disease has discovered MHC genetic markers predictive of hypersensitivity reactions upon intravenous infusion of the ...
