Red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) nacre is a layered composite biomineral that contains crystalline aragonite tablets confined by organic layers. Nacre is intensely studied because its biologically controlled microarchitecture gives rise to remarkable strength and toughness, but the mechanisms leading to its formation are not well ...

Mechanical properties of nacre constituents and their impact on mechanical performance Fran�ois) The mechanical properties of nacre constituents from red abalone were investigated. Electron microscopy studies that other interface features must be responsible for the enhanced performance of nacre over its ...

ARTICLES Model for the robust mechanical behavior of nacre A.G. Evans and Z. Suo Department) The inelastic deformation of nacre that leads to its structural robustness has been characterized in a recent the axis of the aragonite plates. The model is based on observations for abalone nacre

... This proposal addresses the nacre in the abalone shell and the methods that will be taken to fabricate and test a bioinspired material based on its ...

This proposal addresses the nacre in the abalone shell and the methods that will be taken to fabricate and test a bioinspired material based on its structure. Our objectives are 2-fold: (1) to fabricate a nano/micro- laminate that mimics the nacre in the ...

Mollusc shell formation takes place in a preformed extracellular matrix, composed of insoluble chitin, coated with proteins and dissolved macromolecules. The water-soluble matrix is known to have a strong influence on the growth of CaCO(3), whereas the role of the insoluble matrix on mineralization is unclear. Therefore, we mineralized the EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic ...

A three-part study of lessons from nature is presented through the examination of various biological materials, with an emphasis on materials from the mollusk Haliotis rufescens, commonly referred to as the red abalone. The three categories presented are: structural hierarchy, self-assembly, and functionality. Ocean mollusk shells are composed of aragonite/calcite crystals ...

that the only two participants in the Abalone tournament were Peer Sommerlung with his program Nacre and Tino that game could have been defined as a tie but in the end, when time was almost up for both players, Nacre #12;Game Black-White Score Time Used Moves 1 Nacre-AbaPro 2-6 15:00 - 22:50 55 2 ...

The fascinating shapes and hierarchical designs of biomineralized structures have long been an inspiration to materials scientists because of the potential they suggest for biomolecular control over synthesis of crystalline materials. One prevailing view is that mineral-associated macromolecules are responsible for initiating and stabilizing non-equilibrium crystal polymorphs and morphologies ...

Biomineralized hard tissues (organic/inorganic composites) show extraordinary specialization and control over their form and microstructure. Biocomposites have crystallites of organized shape, distribution, orientation, and size within an organic framework. The resulting optimized microstructures provide an excellent combination of physical properties. The research goal here was to investigate ...

His research is based on the model of how an abalone builds the nacre, also called mother-of-pearl, inside its shell. Strong thin coatings, or lamellae, ...

Perlucin isolated from abalone nacre consists of 155 amino acids including a glycosylated asparagine. The sequence of the first 130 amino acids shows a high similarity to the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains of asialoglycoprotein receptors and other members of the group of C-type lectins but also a weaker similarity to related ...

We have isolated a new protein from the nacreous layer of the shell of the sea snail Haliotis laevigata (abalone). Amino acid sequence analysis showed the protein to consist of 134 amino acids and to contain three sequence repeats of approximately 40 amino acids which were very similar to the well-known whey acidic ...

We have isolated a new protein from the nacreous layer of the shell of the sea snail Haliotis laevigata (abalone). Amino acid sequence analysis showed the protein to consist of 134 amino acids and to contain three sequence repeats of ?40 amino acids which were very similar to the well-known whey acidic protein ...

The nacreous layer of molluskan shells, which consists of highly oriented aragonitic crystals and an organic matrix (including chitin and proteins), is a product of biomineralization. This paper briefly introduces the recent research advances on nacre biomineralization of shells from bivalves and gastropods, which mainly focus on analysis of the micro- and ...

simulated spectra. PIC reveals different and unexpected aspects of nacre architecture that have inspired theoretical models for nacre formation. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.064110 PACS number s : 61.05.cj, 87.85.J INTRODUCTION Nacre, or mother-of-pearl, is intensely studied by materi- als scientists, mineralogists

Two new proteins, named perlucin and perlustrin, with M(r) 17,000 and 13,000, respectively, were isolated from the shell of the mollusc Halotis laevigata (abalone) by ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC after demineralization of the shell in 10% acetic acid. The sequence of the first 32 amino acids of perlucin indicated that this ...

.elsevier.com/locate/jmbbm Research paper Interfacial shear strength in abalone nacre Albert Yu-Min Lina,, Marc Andr� Meyersa of the interface between tiles of aragonite in the nacre of red abalone Haliotis rufescens was investigated through of nacre when loaded parallel to the plane of ...

Natural biological materials such as nacre (or mother-of-pearl), exhibit phenomenal fracture strength and toughness properties despite the brittle nature of their constituents. For example, nacre�s work of fracture is three orders of magnitude greater than that of a single crystal of its constituent mineral. This study investigates the fracture ...

Ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid extracted water-soluble matrix proteins in molluscan shells secreted from the mantle epithelia are believed to control crystal nucleation, morphology, orientation, and phase of the deposited mineral. Previously, atomic force microscopy demonstrated that abalone nacre proteins bind ...

Nacre of the Pinctada pearl oyster shells is composed of 98% CaCO(3) and 2% organic matrix. The relationship between the organic matrix and the mechanism of nacre formation currently constitutes the main focus regarding the biomineralization process. In this study, we isolated a new nacre matrix protein in P. ...

The abalone shell is a microlaminate organic-inorganic composite of mineral and biopolymers exhibiting exceptional nanoscale regularity and a strength �3,000 times greater than that of the inorganic crystals themselves. Although the integral proteins typically comprise less than 2% (by mass) of the shell, they determine the structural organization and ...

We have isolated a 4.785 Da protein from the nacreous layer of the sea snail Haliotis laevigata (greenlip abalone) shell after demineralization with acetic acid. The sequence of 41 amino acids was determined by Edman degradation supported by mass spectrometry. The most abundant amino acids were cysteine (19.5%), histidine (17%), and arginine (14.6%). The ...

The interstitial green sheets in abalone shell nacre are shown to be bifacially differentiated trilaminate polymeric complexes, with glycoprotein layers sandwiching a central core containing chitin. They share some common feature with the organic matrix layers between the aragonite tablets in the nacre and the periostracum, and show ...

by a #12;2 refractory organic matrix of fibrous protein (0.02 to 8 microns thick; S8). Microstructures (nacre S1), bivalve microstructures are either (a) high-organic (>0.5 to 5 wt.-%), comprising nacre, simple (tablets of nacre and laths of foliated and cross-lamellar microstructures, prisms of composite or ...

Nacre, the iridescent material found in Abalone shells, exhibits remarkable strength and toughness despite its composition of over 95% brittle ceramic. Its hierarchical structure over multiple length scales gives rise to its increase in toughness despite its material composition. In this work we develop a computational model of composites incorporating key ...

The hierarchical structure and mechanical property of shell nacre are experimentally investigated from the new aspects of chemical stability and chemistry-mechanics coupling. Through chemical deproteinization or demineralization methods together with characterization techniques at micro/nano scales, it is found that the nacre of ...

Many biominerals contain micro- or nanocrystalline mineral components, organized accurately into architectures that confer the material with improved mechanical performance at the macroscopic scale. We present here an effect which enables us to observe the relative orientation of individual crystals at the submicron scale. We call it polarization-dependent imaging contrast (PIC), as it is an ...

... to estimate the amount of crude protein or calories consumed per g abalone. The calculated data was ... relative to diet stability. Feed intake, expressed as calories/g abalone ranged between 84�70 and wa...

Abalone lysin: the dissolving and evolving sperm protein Nicole Kresge,1 * Victor D. Vacquier,2 and C. David Stout1 Summary Abalone sperm lysin is a non-enzymatic protein that creates a hole for sperm, and evolutionary biology to attempt to understand the molecular mechanism of fertilization in the ...

This study investigates the fracture properties of nacre using a discrete lattice model based on continuous damage random threshold fuse network. The discrete lattice topology of the model is based on nacre's unique brick and mortar microarchitecture. The mechanical behavior of each of the bonds in the discrete lattice model is governed by the ...

The shell of pearl oysters is organized in multiple layers of CaCO(3) crystallites packed together in an organic matrix. Relationships between the components of the organic matrix and mechanisms of nacre formation currently constitute the main focus of research into biomineralization. In this study, we characterized the pearlin protein from the oyster ...

Natural biological materials such as nacre (or mother-of-pearl), exhibit phenomenal fracture strength and toughness properties despite the brittle nature of their constituents. For example, nacre's work of fracture is three orders of magnitude greater than that of a single crystal of its constituent mineral. This study investigates the fracture properties ...

Nacre, commonly known as mother-of-pearl, is a remarkable biomineral that in red abalone consists of layers of 400 nm thick aragonite crystalline tablets confined by organic matrix sheets, with the [0 0 1] crystal axes of the aragonite tablets oriented to within �12� from the normal to the layer planes. Recent experiments demonstrate that greater ...

In the natural world, bottom-up hierarchical construction of complex structures results in materials with remarkable properties. A well known example is the nacre of mollusk shells, commonly called "mother of pearl", whose excellent strength and toughness has been the subject of research for many decades. A significant discovery has been the presence of periodic layers called ...

The shear strength of the interface between tiles of aragonite in the nacre of red abalone Haliotis rufescens was investigated through mechanical tensile and shear tests. Dog-bone shaped samples were used to determine the tensile strength of nacre when loaded parallel to the plane of growth; the mean strength was 65 MPa. Shear tests ...

Nanocomposite materials are widespread in biological systems. Perhaps the most studied is the nacre of abalone shell, an orientated coating composed of alternating layers of aragonite (CaCO3) and a biopolymer. Its laminated structure simultaneously provides strength, hardness and toughness: containing about 1vol.% polymer, nacre is ...

Proteins play a major role in the formation of all biominerals. In mollusk shell nacre, complex mixtures and assemblies of proteins and polysaccharides were shown to induce aragonite formation, rather than the thermodynamically favored calcite (both aragonite and calcite are CaCO(3) polymorphs). Here we used N16N, a single 30 amino ...

Proteins containing WAP (whey acidic protein) domains with a characteristic WFDC (WAP four-disulfide core) occur not only in mammals (including marsupials and monotremes) but also in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. In addition, they are present in numerous invertebrates, from cnidarians to urochordates. Many of those from non-mammalian groups are ...

Nacre, the iridescent inner layer of seashells, is a material exhibiting extraordinary mechanical properties. Nacre is a laminated nanocomposite composed of pseudohexagonal platelets that are 2 micrometer to 3 micrometer in diameter and 250 nm to 500 nm tall with an organic phase about 20 nm thick between the platelets. Although nacre ...

that is released from abalone sperm during the acrosome reaction. It coats the acrosomal process where, a 16 kDa abalone sperm protein that dissolves the vitelline envelope surrounding the egg. The two present the crystal structure of green abalone sp18 resolved to 1.86 �. Sp18 is composed of a bundle

Nacre, the iridescent material in seashells, is one of many natural materials employing hierarchical structures to achieve high strength and toughness from relatively weak constituents. Incorporating these structures into composites is appealing as conventional engineering materials often sacrifice strength to improve toughness. Researchers hypothesize that ...

Despite centuries of work, dating back to Galileo, the molecular basis of bone's toughness and strength remains largely a mystery. A great deal is known about bone microsctructure and the microcracks that are precursors to its fracture, but little is known about the basic mechanism for dissipating the energy of an impact to keep the bone from fracturing. Bone is a nanocomposite of hydroxyapatite ...

Mother of pearl, or nacre, is one of a number of characteristic skeletal structures of molluscs, occurring in cephalopods, gastropods and bivalves. It consists of plates of aragonite, about 0.3 ? m thick, arranged in sheets, with a tenuous protein matrix. Mechanical tests of nacre from all three classes show that it has a tensile ...

Biopolymer/calcium carbonate composites grown on inorganic abiotic substrates implanted between the shell and the shell-secreting epithelium of live red abalones (Haliotis rufescens) results in an unusual highly (104)-oriented aggregate of microcrystalline calcite that precedes nacre deposition. Calcite of this orientation has never before been observed in ...

The AP7 protein is one of several mollusk shell proteins which are responsible for aragonite polymorph formation and stabilization within the nacre layer of the Pacific red abalone, H. rufescens. Previously, we demonstrated that the 30-AA N-terminal domain of AP7, denoted as AP7-1, exists as an unfolded sequence ...

The compartment-specific compositions of biologic molecules isolated from biominerals suggest that control of mineral growth may be linked to biochemical features. Here we define a systematic relationship between the ability of biomolecules in solution to promote the growth of calcite (CaCO3) and their net negative molecular charge and hydrophilicity. The degree of enhancement is dependent on ...

Nacre, also known as mother-of-pearl, is a biocomposite material that exhibits higher strength and fracture toughness than its component materials. It derives its strength from the brick-and-mortar layering of aragonite (CaCO{sub 3}) platelets and organic binder. It is believed that the protein binder helps redistribute the stress throughout all tablets ...

The formation of aragonite in the mollusk shell nacre layer is linked to the assembly of framework protein complexes that interact with ?-chitin polysaccharide. What is not yet understood is how framework nacre proteins control crystal growth. Recently, a 30 AA intrinsically disordered nacre ...

The mollusk shell is a hard tissue consisting of calcium carbonate crystals and an organic matrix. The nacre of the shell is characterized by a stacked compartment structure with a uniformly oriented c axis of aragonite crystals in each compartment. Using a calcium carbonate-binding assay, we identified an acidic matrix protein, Pif, in the pearl oyster ...

Heat shock protein 90s (hsp90s) are chaperones that contribute to the proper folding of cellular proteins and help animals cope with the cellular protein damages in stress conditions. In this study, an hsp90 gene was isolated from disc abalone (Haliotis discus). The complete nucleotide sequence of the hsp90 gene ...

Nacre is an exquisitely structured biocomposite of the calcium carbonate mineral aragonite with small amounts of proteins and the polysaccharide chitin. For many years, it has been the subject of research, not just because of its beauty, but also to discover how nature can produce such a superior product with excellent mechanical properties from such ...

Nacre is an exquisitely structured biocomposite of the calcium carbonate mineral aragonite with small amounts of proteins and the polysaccharide chitin. For many years, it has been the subject of research, not just because of its beauty, but also to discover how nature can produce such a superior product with excellent mechanical properties from such ...

We have performed a macromolecular structural analysis of the interlamellar and intertabular parts of the organic framework of the nacreous part of the shell of Haliotis rufescens, including the identification of structural chitin. Using histochemical optical microscopy we have mapped the locations of carboxylates and sulfates of proteins and chitin on the surfaces and within ...

We reveal that the aragonite CaCO₃ platelets in nacre of Haliotis laevigata are covered with a continuous layer of disordered amorphous CaCO₃ and that there is no protein interaction with this layer. This finding contradicts classical paradigms of biomineralization, e.g., an epitaxial match between the ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) in aqueous solution was used to investigate native nacre of the marine snail Haliotis laevigata on the microscopic scale and the interaction of purified nacre proteins with calcium carbonate crystals on the nanoscopic scale. These investigations were controlled by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light ...

Natural materials are renowned for their strength and toughness,,,,. Spider dragline silk has a breakage energy per unit weight two orders of magnitude greater than high tensile steel,, and is representative of many other strong natural fibres,,. The abalone shell, a composite of calcium carbonate plates sandwiched between organic material, is 3,000 times more fracture ...

The atomic force microscope (AFM) has opened up a wide gate to the nanoscopic world. Since its invention twelve years ago, it has allowed researchers to advance to new science. The extent of this advancement is strongly coupled to the sophistication of AFM instrumentation and to the methods with which AFMs are used. New AFMs and methods are needed to push the limits. Chapter 1 and 2 introduce such ...

The matrix extracted from mollusc shell nacre is a mixture of proteins and glycoproteins that is thought to play a major role in controlling biomineral synthesis and in increasing its mechanical properties. We investigated the nacreous shell of the freshwater mussel Unio pictorum, to which we applied a proteomics approach adapted to mollusc shell ...

Molluscs have a well-deserved reputation for being expert mineralizers of various shell types such as nacre. Nacre is defined as regularly arranged layers and stacks of approximately 0.5 microm thick aragonite platelets that are extracellularly formed within a complex mixture of organic matrix. The control of species-specific layer thickness by the animal ...

In molluscs, and more generally in metazoan organisms, the production of a calcified skeleton is a complex molecular process that is regulated by the secretion of an extracellular organic matrix. This matrix constitutes a cohesive and functional macromolecular assemblage, containing mainly proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that, together, control the biomineral ...

We present a reflection confocal microscope incorporating a white light supercontinuum source and spectral detection. The microscope provides images resolved spatially in three-dimensions, in addition to spectral resolution covering the wavelength range 450-650nm. Images and reflection spectra of artificial and natural specimens are presented, showing features that are not normally revealed in ...

The mechanisms underlying the toughening in rigid natural composites exhibited by the concentric cylindrical composites of spicules of hexactinellid sponges, and by the nacre (brick-and-mortar) structure of mollusks such as Haliotis rufescens (red abalone), as well as the crossed-lamellar structure of Strombus gigas (queen conch) show commonalities in the ...

We have designed and built an atomic force microscope (AFM) with optical beam deflection detection providing a focused spot size of 1.6 micrometers in diameter. This small spot size was implemented with a variable focus adjustment that allows us to re-focus on each cantilever. This design opens up the usage of a new range of small cantilevers with low-noise characteristics. We have microfabricated ...

... in Washington's inside marine waters. Polygons in Puget Sound showing locations of Abalone, WDFW, 1991....

The interaction of a novel bioactive agent N-{[N-(2-dimethylamino) ethyl] acridine-4-carboxamide}-?-alanine [N-(ACR-4-CA)-?-ALA] with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption and circular dichroism spectrophotometric techniques under simulative physiological conditions. The fluorescence quenching of HSA by addition of ...

Nacre exhibits phenomenal fracture strength and toughness properties despite the brittle nature of its constituents. For example, its work of fracture is three orders of magnitude greater than that of a single crystal of its constituent mineral. This is surprising because it is a ceramic composite made up of about 95% brittle inorganic phase (aragonite mineral) and only a few ...

Identifying fertilization molecules is key to our understanding of reproductive biology, yet only a few examples of interacting sperm and egg proteins are known. One of the best characterized comes from the invertebrate archeogastropod abalone (Haliotis spp.), where sperm lysin mediates passage through the protective egg vitelline envelope (VE) by binding ...

Microstructured biomaterials such as mollusk shells receive much attention, due to the promise that advanced materials can be designed and synthesized with biomimetic techniques that take advantage of self-assembly and aqueous, ambient processing conditions. A satisfactory understanding of this process requires characterization of the microstructure at the growth fronts where control over crystal ...

A key to understanding control over mineral formation in mollusk shells is the microenvironment inside the pre-formed 3-dimensional organic matrix framework where mineral forms. Much of what is known about nacre formation is from observations of the mature tissue. Although these studies have elucidated several important aspects of this process, the structure of the organic ...

A novel nonacidic matrix protein from pearl oyster nacre has been purified by cation-exchange chromatography. It was designated N40 for the nacreous protein of approximately 40 kDa. On the basis of the extraction method (with Tris-buffered Milli-Q water) and amino acid compositions (Gly- and Ala-rich), N40 was inferred to be a ...

The capacity to biomineralize is closely linked to the rapid expansion of animal life during the early Cambrian, with many skeletonized phyla first appearing in the fossil record at this time. The appearance of disparate molluscan forms during this period leaves open the possibility that shells evolved independently and in parallel in at least some groups. To test this proposition and gain insight ...

... abalone species, H. asinina provides the highest relative meat weight (85% of the total weight), compared with ... template for nested PCR. The amplicons were geleluted, cloned, and sequenced. Nucleotide ...

A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation was formulated from orange peel (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida), astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge), pilose asiabell root (Radix codonopsis), indigowoad root (Radix isatidis), taraxacum (Herba taraxaci) and malt (Fructus Hordei Germinatus) at a weight ratio of 1:1:1.5:1.5:1.5:1.5:2. A feeding ...

... Photo: NOAABlack AbaloneHaliotis cracherodii Did You Know? Black abalone is one of 7 species of abalone found in California.· (click for larger image)Fi...

BackgroundThe formation of the molluscan shell is regulated to a large extent by a matrix of extracellular macromolecules that are secreted by the shell forming tissue, the mantle. This so called "calcifying matrix" is a complex mixture of proteins and glycoproteins that is assembled and occluded within the mineral phase during the calcification process. While the importance ...

BackgroundAbalone has long been used as a valuable food source in East Asian countries. Although the nutritional importance of abalone has been reported through in vitro and in vivo studies, there is little evidence about the potential anti-tumor effects of abalone visceral extract. The aim of the present study is to examine anti-tumor ...

Since 1998, episodic mass mortality of the abalone Haliotistuberculata has been observed along the northern Brittany coast of France caused by a complex interaction among the host, pathogen and environmental factors. In the present study, abalone were submitted to two successive infections with the pathogen Vibrioharveyi under controlled conditions. During ...

to the NACRE rate, the new rate is enhanced by up to 20 orders-magnitude. Aims. To validate this new rate, we to the rate provided in the NACRE (Angulo et al., 1999) compila- tion. Ogata et al. (2009) give the new rate 3OKK as a tabulated correction 3 to be applied to the rate of NACRE 3NACRE: log10(3OKK) = ...

BackgroundWith the exception of the oyster herpesvirus OsHV-1, all herpesviruses characterized thus far infect only vertebrates. Some cause neurological disease in their hosts, while others replicate or become latent in neurological tissues. Recently a new herpesvirus causing ganglioneuritis in abalone, a gastropod, was discovered. Molecular analysis of new herpesviruses, such ...

The 17?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17?-HSDs) are key enzymes in the downstream process of steroid hormone biosynthesis. To date, relatively little is known about the role of 17?-HSDs in marine gastropods. In the present study, a putative cDNA sequence encoding type 12 17?-HSD (17?-HSD-12) was identified in abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta). The full-length cDNA ...

AP7 is an extracellular aragonite-associated protein of the nacre layer of the mollusk Haliotis rufescens and possesses a 36-amino acid C-terminal domain that exhibits sequence homology to the C subclass of the RING domain intracellular protein family. We report here novel findings which implicate AP7 as a member of the intrinsically ...

Pearls and shells of some mollusks are attractive inorganic materials primarily owing to the beauty of their natural lustrous and iridescent surface. The iridescent colors can be explained by diffraction or interference or both, depending on the microstructure of the surface. Strong iridescent colors are very evident on the polished shell of the mollusk Haliotis Glabra, commonly known as ...

White Abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) Kingdom: Animalia Class: Gastropoda Order: Archaeogastropoda Family: ...

Species of Concern NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Pink abalone Haliotis corrugata

Species of Concern NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Green abalone Haliotis fulgens

... Species of Concern NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Green abalone Haliotis fulgens ...

Mammal interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs) have been demonstrated to play important functions in TLRs (Toll-like receptor) signal pathway and T cell proliferation, but there is less knowledge available on mollusc IRAKs. In this study, a molluscan IRAK-4 gene, saIRAK-4, was cloned for the first time from the small abalone (Haliotis diversicolor). Its full-length ...

This Polygon shapefile of critical habitat for the Orange-nacre Mucket (Lampsilis perovalis) based on the description ... ...

In this study, we examined the chronic waterborne and dietary exposure of silver (Ag) and cadmium (Cd) to the abalone Haliotis diversicolor using various endpoints such as growth and feeding rates, metal body burden, subcellular distribution, and metallothionein (MT) concentration over a period of 7 weeks of exposure. The growth and feeding rates of ...

Since last couple of decades, scientists and engineers are turning towards nature for material design lessons. Considerable efforts have been made to decode the design rules found in natural biological materials, which can be used to develop next-generation nanocomposite materials. The reason for these efforts lies in the extraordinary properties of biological materials that are not found in ...

The immunotoxicity of tributyltin (TBT) on marine gastropods has been comparatively little studied although risks to wildlife associated with this compound are well known. In this study, a 30-day trial was conducted to evaluate the immunotoxic effects on abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta) by exposing a range of doses of TBT (0, 2, 10, and 50 ng/L). Innate immune ...

In this study, we investigated the gene expression profiling of disk abalone, Haliotis discus discus challenged by a mixture of three pathogenic bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahemolyticus, and Listeria monocytogenes using a cDNA microarray. Upon bacteria challenge, 68 (1.6%) and 112 (2.7%) gene transcripts changed their expression levels ?2 or ?2 -fold in gills and ...

Natural materials such as bone, tooth, and nacre are nanocomposites of proteins and minerals with superior strength. Why is the nanometer scale so important to such materials? Can we learn from this to produce superior nanomaterials in the laboratory? These questions motivate the present study where we show that the nanocomposites in nature exhibit a ...

The small abalone, Haliotis diversicolor, is a widely distributed and cultured species in the subtropical coastal area of China. To identify and classify functional genes of this important species, a normalized expressed sequence tag (EST) library, including 7069 high quality ESTs from the total body of H. diversicolor, was analyzed. A total of 4781 unigenes were assembled and ...

An experiment was performed to determine the dietary phosphorus requirement of the young abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Five semi-purified diets were formulated to provide a series of graded levels of dietary total phosphorus (0.23% 1.98) from monobasic potassium phosphate (KH2P04). The brown alga, Laminaria japonica, was used as a control diet. Similar size ...

The formation of the molluscan shell is finely tuned by macromolecules of the shell organic matrix. Previous results have shown that the acid-soluble fraction of the nacre matrix of the freshwater paleoheterodont bivalve Unio pictorum shell displays a number of remarkable properties, such as calcium-binding activity, the presence of extensive glycosylations and the capacity to ...

Ferritin is the principal iron storage protein in the majority of living organisms. Its capacity to capture the toxic cellular iron in excess in a compact and safe manner, gives to this protein a key role in detoxification and iron storage. It has a main role in cellular homeostasis and in cellular defense against oxidative stress produced by the reactive ...

... 1997) Modification of calcite crystal growth by abalone shell proteins: an atomic force microscope study. Biophys J 72: 1425�1433 CrossRef, PubMed, CSAWang N, Lee YH, Lee J (2008) Recombinant perlucin nucl...

The regulation of transcriptional activation is an essential and critical point in gene expression. In this study, we describe a novel transcription factor activator protein-1 (Ap-1) gene from disk abalone Haliotis discus discus (AbAp-1) for the first time in mollusk. It was identified by homology screening of an abalone normalized ...

, is thought to hold the key to nacre's fracture toughness10,11 . Cera- mics laminated with organic material to nacre13 . We believe that the key to nacre's fracture resistance resides in the polymer adhesive the organic molecules exposed on the surface of freshly cleaved nacre. The adhesive �bres elongate

Nacre: An orthotropic and bimodular elastic material K. Bertoldi a , D. Bigoni b,*, W.J. Drugan b December 2007 Abstract A new micromechanical model for nacre (mother-of-pearl) is proposed, based and fracture are excluded), it is shown via homogenization techniques that the mechanical behaviour of nacre is

Multiscale structure of sheet nacre Marthe Rousseaua , Evelyne Lopeza , Philippe Stempfl�b, c Ferollerie, 45071 Orl�ans cedex 2, France Abstract This work was conducted on Pinctada maxima nacre (mother bridges were evidenced by SEM in the interlaminar sequence. Keywords: Nacre; Aragonite; Nanocomposite

Mechanical properties of the elemental nanocomponents of nacre structure Ph. Stempfl� a) * , O) Universit� d'Orl�ans, CNRS ISTO, 1A Rue de la F�rollerie, F-45071 Orl�ans cedex 2, France Sheet nacre? How does this nanostructure control the mechanical behaviour of sheet nacre at the macroscale

combinations of stiffness, strength and toughness. What can we learn from them? Seashells: nacre Teeth: enamel In-situ testing: fracturing nacre under the microscope Modeling crack bridging in nacre The hierarchical structure of nacre #12;Department of Mechanical Engineering OVERVIEW � Combustion and chemical

Seashells are natural nanocomposites with superior mechanical strength and toughness. What is the secret recipe that Mother Nature uses to fabricate seashells? What roles do the nanoscale structures play in the inelasticity and toughening of seashells? Can we learn from this to produce seashell-like nanocomposites? The focus of this article is nacre (mother-of-pearl). The ...

In the present research, microstructure of a kind of limnetic shell ( Hyriopsis cumingii) is observed and measured by using the scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical behavior experiments of the shell nacre are carried out by using bending and tensile tests. The dependence of mechanical properties of the shell nacre on its microstructure is analyzed ...

... with the historical population center located at the California Channel Islands. Adult white abalone may be found between 5- ... Status and trends of white abalone at the Calif...

... EffortsRegulatory OverviewKey DocumentsMore Info Photo: John Butler, NOAAWhite Abalone(Haliotis sorenseni) Did You Know? The white abalone was the fi...

... only female abalone in the sea in the III region. With the growth in investment in abalone culture ... from 12°C to 21°C in the III region, 10°C to 19°C in the V ... ...

Haliotis discus hannai Ino (abalone shell) and Hemifusus tuba conch shell have been studied for the purpose to comparatively investigate the mechanisms by which nature designs composites. It is shown that both shells are composed of aragonite and a small amount of proteins while the conch shell shows finer microstructure but lower strength than ...

transformation G (r2,m2) = H2 with NACr2 is asymmetrically parallel dependent on G (r1,m1) = H1 with NACr1 if: (i21 = m2, but e1 h21 |= NACr2 (produce-forbid-conflict). A direct transformation G (r2,m2) = H2 with NACr2 is asymmetrically parallel inde- pendent on G (r1,m1) = H1 with NACr1 if G ...

We analyze the structure of Haliotis rufescens nacre, or mother-of-pearl, using synchrotron spectromicroscopy and x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. We observe imaging contrast between adjacent individual nacre tablets, arising because different tablets have different crystal orientations with respect to the radiation's ...

We analyze the structure of Haliotis rufescens nacre, or mother-of-pearl, using synchrotron spectromicroscopy and x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. We observe imaging contrast between adjacent individual nacre tablets, arising because different tablets have different crystal orientations with respect to the radiation�s polarization ...

Ran protein is a central molecular in several key nuclear functions, including nucleocytoplasmic transport, cell-cycle progression and nuclear envelope assembly. In this study, we have isolated and characterized a Ran homologue from a gastropod abalone which we named ab-Ran. The full-length cDNA consists of 1239 bp with an ORF encoding a 220 amino acid ...

BackgroundWorldwide, the genus Haliotis is represented by 56 extant species and several of these are commercially cultured. Among the six abalone species found in South Africa, Haliotis midae is the only aquacultured species. Despite its economic importance, genomic sequence resources for H. midae, and for abalone in general, are still scarce. Next ...

LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS ON THE EARLY GROWTH OF THE ABALONE, HALIOTIS SORENSENI, AND THE EFFECT of temperature on larval development rate and growth of juveniles of the white or Sorensen's abalone, Haliotis growth of any of the seven American species of abalones exists in the literature. Details of larval