Recent studies have identified genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that may play a role in presentation of antigenic peptides to T cells. The authors have previously described RING4, a gene within the human MHC class II region that has sequence homology with members of the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter ...

R ab X X P #12;2 Example Test Cross AaBb X aabb ab Exp. Obs. AB AaBb 25 10 R Ab Aabb 25 40 P aB aaBb 25BbCc X aabbcc ABC ABc abc AbC Abc aBC aBc abC abc 8 gamete types Trihybrid Three Point Test Cross C ...

The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, or traffic ATPases, constitute a large family of proteins responsible for the transport of a wide variety of substrates across cell membranes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. We describe a human ABC protein with regions of strong homology to the recently described murine ABC1 and ...

The ABC gene family code for transporter proteins pumping a variety of compounds across the membranes of cells and tissues. Overexpression of ABC transporters is an important cause of multidrug resistance to chemotherapy agents and these genes are mutated in diverse human diseases.

Cells tolerate exposure to cytotoxic compounds through the action of ATP-driven efflux pumps belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of membrane transporters. Phytopathogenic fungi encounter toxic environments during plant invasion as a result of the plant defense response. Here we demonstrate the requirement for an ABC transporter during ...

is acyclic then G has one and only one SPNE. Let G = (A,V,,) with A = {1,2}, V = {a,b,c}, 1 = {a,c}, 2 = {b}, 1 = a;(�b,c) , 2 = (�b,�c);�a . P1 Disc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc ...

Nonstructural 3ABC protein of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) was widely used to differentiate vaccinated from natural FMDV-infected animals. 3ABC is a polyprotein which is auto-processed to 3A, three copies of 3B and 3C(pro) by 3C(pro) protease. The 3ABC gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as ...

Gene expression experiments were targeted in order to monitor the ABC efflux transporters, which is potentially involved in cellular detoxification/defense. Changes in expression levels of different ABC genes in kidney of Oncorhynchus mykiss fed with melamine and melamine+cyanuric acid enriched diets were recorded ...

Increased expression of specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is known to mediate the efflux of chemotherapeutic agents from cancer cells. Therefore, establishing how ABC transporter genes are controlled at their transcription level may help provide insight into the role of these multifaceted transporters in the malignant ...

ABC transporter genes from four strains of Fusarium oxysporum [two biocontrol and two phytopathogenic (f. sp. lycopersici Race 1) isolates] indicated that this gene is well conserved. However, sequences of promoter regions of FoABC1 differed between 8 phytopathogenic and 11 biocontrol strains of F....

We report that the genes abc, yaeC, and yaeE comprise metD, an Escherichia coli locus encoding a dl-methionine uptake system. MetD is an ABC transporter with Abc the ATPase, YaeE the permease, and YaeC the likely substrate binding protein. Expression of these genes is regulated by l-methionine ...

This paper reports the characterization of a new ABC transporter (LtrABC1.1), related to the human ABCA subfamily, in the protozoan parasite Leishmania tropica. LtrABC1.1 is a tandem duplicated gene flanked by inverted repeats. LtrABC1.1 is expressed mainly in the flagellar pocket of the ...

Engineering hydrogen sulfide production and cadmium removal by expression of the thiosulfate reductase gene (phsABC) from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in Escherichia coli. The thiosulfate reductase operon (phsABC) from Salmonella typhimurium wa...

Some ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters of subfamilies B, C and G confer resistance to xenobiotics including insecticides. We identified genes of these subfamilies expressed by the lepidopterans Trichoplusia ni and Bombyx mori. The B. mori genome includes eight, six and 13 ABC-B, -C and -G genes, respectively, ...

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest evolutionarily conserved families of proteins. They are characterized by the presence of nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs), which are highly conserved among organisms. In the present study, we used human and protozoan ABC sequences, and ATP-binding consensus motifs to screen the Toxoplasma ...

Liposomes modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) can stably exist in the bloodstream because the PEG on the liposomes attracts a water shell to the liposomal surface. Since these liposomes are long circulating nanocarriers, they are used as drug and gene delivery tools. Repeat injection of PEGylated liposomes, however, is known to induce the accelerated blood clearance ...

- binding protein (or solute receptor) for function (Van der Heide & Poolman, 2002). ABC transporters for a more precise annotation of binding- protein-dependent ABC transporters in available genomes protein- dependent ABC transporter: molecular and biochemical analysis of the trehalose/maltose transport

Increased production of penicillin-binding protein PBP 4 is known to increase peptidoglycan cross-linking and contributes to methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. The pbp4 gene shares a 400-nucleotide intercistronic region with the divergently transcribed abcA gene, encoding an ATP-binding cassette transporter of unknown ...

\\vec{a} a \\ddot{a} ~ a \\tilde{a} Table 11: Math mode accents f abc \\widetilde{abc} c abc \\widehat{abc} abc \\overleftarrow{abc} ! abc \\overrightarrow{abc} abc \\overline{abc} ...

constructions abc \\widetilde{abc} abc \\widehat{abc}t 5 abc \\overleftarrow{abc} 5 x abc \\overrightarrow{abc} abc \\overline{abc} abc ...

CFTR chloride channels are encoded by the gene mutated in patients with cystic fibrosis. These channels belong to the superfamily of ABC transporter ATPases. ATP-driven conformational changes, which in other ABC proteins fuel uphill substrate transport across cellular membranes, in CFTR open and close a gate to allow transmembrane flow ...

CFTR chloride channels are encoded by the gene mutated in patients with cystic fibrosis. These channels belong to the superfamily of ABC transporter ATPases. ATP-driven conformational changes, which in other ABC proteins fuel uphill substrate transport across cellular membranes, in CFTR open and close a gate to allow transmembrane flow ...

CFTR chloride channels are encoded by the gene mutated in patients with cystic fibrosis. These channels belong to the superfamily of ABC transporter ATPases. ATP-driven conformational changes, which in other ABC proteins fuel uphill substrate transport across cellular membranes, in CFTR open and close a gate to allow transmembrane flow ...

Background Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are central mediators of cardiac dysfunction after ischemia/reperfusion. ATP binding cassette mitochondrial erythroid (ABC-me; ABCB10; mABC2) is a mitochondrial transporter highly induced during erythroid differentiation and predominantly expressed in bone marrow, liver, and heart. Until now, ...

As a preliminary step towards characterizing genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that confer pleiotropic drug resistance in Aspergillus, we used a PCR-based approach to isolate four DNA fragments corresponding to different ABC type transporter genes. DNA sequencing and Southern blot analysis ...

Recently we described identification and characterization of GDSL esterase EstA from psychrotrophic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. 643A. Attempts to obtain heterologous overexpression of this enzyme in Escherichia coli system were not satisfactory. The EstA protein was expressed as inclusion bodies, most of that were inactive after purification step, and the recovery of esterolytic activity was ...