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1
Term Abdominal Pregnancy with Healthy Newborn: A Case Report.
2011-06-01

Abdominal pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy with very high morbidity and mortality for both the mother and the foetus. Diagnosis and management can pose some difficulties especially in low-resource centres. High index of suspicion is vital in making prompt diagnosis in such situations. A case of ...

PubMed

2
Medic - Abdominal Pain: A Decision Support Program for the ...
1989-10-11

... surgical, riot life- threatening, and, therefore, not reasons for medical ... cyst (OVCYST), ectopic pregnancy (ECIOPI), and inoxmplete abortion (INCAB ...

DTIC Science & Technology

3
Unusual presentations of ectopic pregnancy. A report of two cases.
1983-05-01

Extrauterine, or ectopic, pregnancy (EP) is located in the fallopian tube 95-97% of the time. EP occasionally continues to term, either in the abdomen or, more commonly, in the tube or ovary. Fistulae between the conceptus and the abdominal viscera or abdominal wall are most uncommon. Two rare clinical ...

PubMed

4
The Use of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
2008-02-12

Ectopic pregnancy is still the most common cause of maternal deaths in the first trimester. Here we report a case of a 29-year-old pregnant woman who presented with a 2-week history of lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She was initially diagnosed as having had a complete miscarriage. On the second presentation the patient was ...

PubMed Central

5
Blunt abdominal trauma with ruptured 16-week cornual ectopic pregnancy.
2004-06-01

Trauma is the leading cause of nonobstetric morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. Care of the pregnant trauma patient is well documented in the medical literature; however, little has been written about the management of trauma patients with ectopic or cornual pregnancy. Herein, we report the previously undocumented occurrence of a ...

PubMed

6
An Early Abdominal Wall Ectopic Pregnancy Successfully Treated with Ultrasound Guided Intralesional Methotrexate: A Case Report
2009-08-09

Background. The upper anterior abdominal wall is a very unusual location for an ectopic pregnancy making optimal management uncertain. Case. We report the case of a 26-year-old gravida 4, para 1, aborta 2 with a rising quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin level following a negative diagnostic laparoscopic examination. She was ...

PubMed Central

7
Female Reproductive System: MedlinePlus
2011-08-06

page requires version 9 of higher of Adobe Flash Player. Get Adobe Flash player Female Reproductive System Topics Abdominal Pregnancy see Ectopic Pregnancy Abortion Adolescent...

Science.gov Websites

8
Ectopic pregnancy in a cesarean section scar.
2011-04-16

A combination of systemic chemotherapy, feticide with intrachest and intra-abdominal injection with methotrexate, and hysteroscopy with dilation and curettage to remove the gestational tissue was successful in the treatment of a cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. This case presents images of the ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, ...

PubMed

9
[Abdominal pregnancy, institutional experience].
1998-07-01

Abdominal pregnancy is a rare entity, which has been classified as primary or secondary by Studiford criteria. A retrospective study, between January 1989 and December 1994, realized at Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog�a, found 35,080 pregnancies, from which 149 happened to be ectopic, and 6 of them were ...

PubMed

10
Successful laparoscopic management of concomitant ectopic pregnancy and acute appendicitis in a patient of failed tubal ligation � case report with a review of the literature
2008-12-22

BackgroundThe incidence of failed abdominal bilateral tubal ligation (BTL) is quite low. Most often the pregnancy following BTL is ectopic in location. The association of concurrent acute appendicitis with ectopic pregnancy is also very rare. From 1960 till 2008 only 23 such cases of ...

PubMed Central

11
Scar endometriosis
2010-07-01

Endometriosis is the presence of functioning endometrium outside the uterus. Endometriosis rarely occurs in the abdominal wall. Majority of abdominal wall endometriosis occur in or adjacent to surgical scars, following caesarean section or hysterectomy. Laparotomy scar endometriosis following salpingectomy for ectopic ...

PubMed Central

12
Use of a radioreceptorassay of human chorionic gonadotropin for the diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy
1975-05-01

The radioreceptorassay of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), with a sensitivity of 50 pg or 3 mIU/ml of plasma, has provided almost 100 percent reliability in detecting pregnancy after the first missed cycle. This test may be performed within 1 hour and is ideally suited to the clinical detection of ectopic pregnancy, especially in ...

Energy Citations Database

13
Heterotopic abdominal pregnancy with persistent trophoblastic tissue.
2011-03-14

Heterotopic pregnancy is a well-established complication of assisted reproductive technology. We report a case of intrauterine pregnancy combined with abdominal pregnancy diagnosed at 12 weeks in a 37-year-old nulliparous woman. Following surgical resection of the ectopic, implantation of ...

PubMed

14
Primary abdominal ectopic pregnancy: a case report
2009-08-07

IntroductionWe present a case of a 13-week abdominal pregnancy evaluated with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.Case presentationA 34-year-old woman, (gravida 2, para 1) suffering from lower abdominal pain and slight vaginal bleeding was transferred to our hospital. A transabdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging ...

PubMed Central

15
Management of ectopic pregnancies with poor prognosis through ultrasound guided intrasacular injection of methotrexate, series of 14 cases.
2011-08-12

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe our experience in cases of tubal ectopic pregnancy with heartbeat, abdominal, interstitial (corneal) and cervical ectopic pregnancies treated with intrasacular injection of methotrexate (MTX) administered under ultrasound guidance associated ...

PubMed

16
Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosed by Point-of-Care Emergency Department Ultrasound.
2011-08-01

BACKGROUND: Although rare, cervical ectopic pregnancy (EP) represents a potentially lethal variation of a common first-trimester disease entity. CASE REPORT: We report a case of low abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding diagnosed as a cervical EP by point-of-care ultrasound. CONCLUSION: Familiarity with cervical EP and its sonographic ...

PubMed

17
A rare pathological trinity: an appendiceal ectopic pregnancy, acute appendicitis and a carcinoid tumour.
2009-02-06

BACKGROUND: We present a case of a 27-year-old woman who was found to have an appendiceal ectopic pregnancy, a carcinoid tumour of the appendix and acute appendicitis existing concurrently. This triad of pathology has never been reported previously. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the importance of performing a pregnancy test in all ...

PubMed

18
Ectopic/Tubal Pregnancy

... Frequently Asked Questions Adoption Talking About Your Pregnancy Abortion Ectopic/Tubal Pregnancy Normal pregnancy: A normal pregnancy ...

MedlinePLUS

19
[Management of ectopic pregnancy in Conakry, Guinea].
2009-12-01

Ectopic pregnancy is one of the most frequent hemorrhagic emergencies encountered in gynecology and obstetrics. The purpose of this 16-month descriptive prospective study at the Ignace Deen Gynecology-Obstetric clinic at Conakry University Hospital in Guinea was to assess diagnostic techniques and therapeutic attitudes regarding ...

PubMed

20
A rare case of term viable secondary abdominal pregnancy following rupture of a rudimentary horn: a case report
2009-01-29

IntroductionAbdominal pregnancy is a rare event, but one that represents a grave risk to the health of the pregnant woman. An abdominal pregnancy is defined as an ectopic pregnancy that implants in the peritoneal cavity. Early abdominal ...

PubMed Central

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21
Ectopic Pregnancy

The uterus, or womb, is an important female reproductive organ. It is the place where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant. If you have an ectopic pregnancy, ...

MedlinePLUS

22
High-risk pregnancy in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): a case of ectopic, abdominal pregnancy with birth of a live, term infant, and a case of gestational diabetes complicated by pre-eclampsia
2009-05-12

Several cases of abdominal pregnancy have been described in nonhuman primates. These previous occurrences have been mummified fetuses found in the abdominal cavity. This report describes a case of abdominal pregnancy in a timed-bred rhesus monkey with delivery of a live term infant. The mother ...

PubMed Central

23
[Persistent ectopic pregnancy. Peritoneal-uterine late implantation. Case report].
2008-03-01

We report a case of a 31 years-old female previously treated with laparoscopic salpingectomy due to fimbrial ectopic unruptured pregnancy. After 33 days it was performed a repeated laparoscopy due to persistent b-hCG levels and abdominal pain. During surgical performance there were located three ectopic ...

PubMed

24
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome complicating massive hemorrhage from an unusual presentation of ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS) is characterized by intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH), elevation and splinting of the diaphragm, high pleural pressure, and poor venous return to the heart, producing low cardiac output and shock which, in turn, results in poor venous return across the capillaries to set in a vicious cycle. Unless the ...

PubMed

25
Ectopic Pregnancy

... also take place in your ovary, cervix, or somewhere else in your pelvic cavity. An ectopic pregnancy ... checks to see whether your pregnancy is developing inside or outside the uterus. How do doctors treat ...

MedlinePLUS

26
Ectopic Pregnancy

... risk of ectopic pregnancy include the following: Cigarette smoking Exposure to the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES) during her mother's pregnancy Increased age What are the symptoms of ...

MedlinePLUS

27
[Heterotopic pregnancy in intrauterine insemination. Presentation of a case].
1992-04-01

The heterotopic (ectopic and orthotopic simultaneous) pregnancy shows a frequency of 1 to 15,000 to 1 to 30,000 gestations. The clinical diagnosis is difficult due to the lack of precise indicators, as to diagnose an intrauterine pregnancy eliminates the possibility of ectopic pregnancy. The ...

PubMed

28
Diagnosis and laparoscopic treatment of cornual ectopic pregnancy
2010-07-27

Cornual (interstitial) ectopic pregnancy is an uncommon variant of ectopic pregnancy which often poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge with a significant risk of rupturing and bleeding. We present a ruptured right cornual pregnancy and explain how to deal with such a case ...

PubMed Central

29
Ectopic pregnancy in previous Caesarean section scar.
2011-06-01

We report two cases of Caesarean scar pregnancies that were managed surgically. The first case was a 33-year-old woman who presented at 21 weeks of gestation with lower abdominal pain. An exploratory laparotomy was performed as she was hypotensive and had a drastic drop in haemoglobin level. Intraoperatively, a ruptured scar ectopic ...

PubMed

30
Ectopic pregnancy effects on the ipsilateral fallopian tube epithelium--an ultrastructural study.
1984-04-01

Ectopic pregnancy specimens of 6 human Fallopian tube fimbrial epithelia were studied utilizing ultrastructural, cytochemical and morphometric methods. The observations were compared with those made on 12 intrauterine pregnancy specimens. The morphometric measurements indicate earlier onset of atrophic changes in ...

PubMed

31
[Girls' abdominal pains and gynaecological emergencies].
2011-05-01

Among many causes of abdominal pain in children, gynaecological ones have to be systematically considered in even no pubescent girls. Diagnosis leans on physical and US examinations and has to screen first urgent causes before frequent ones. Rare but urgent are ovarian torsions either on a normal ovary or an underlying ovarian tumor, an earlier surgery may avoid oophorectomy. ...

PubMed

32
Tubo-Ovarian Abscess: Pathogenesis and Management
1986-10-01

That a female patient with abdominal pain is often considered to have pelvic inflammatory disease until proven otherwise is ubiquitous in the medical literature. This view is dangerous and should be challenged because it has resulted in episodes of ruptured appendix, death from ruptured ectopic pregnancies, and serious morbidity from ...

PubMed Central

33
Ultrasonic assessment of complications during first trimester of pregnancy.
1987-11-28

624 women were referred to an emergency gynaecological ultrasound clinic with a provisional diagnosis of threatened miscarriage based on a history of amenorrhoea and vaginal bleeding with or without abdominal pain. High-resolution abdominal sector scanning was used to assess fetal size and viability, as well as uterine and placental size, to identify ...

PubMed

34
Cornual pregnancy as a complicaton of the use of a levonorgestrel intrauterine device: a case report
2009-07-22

IntroductionComplications of copper load intrauterine devices, including ectopic pregnancies are well reported. Rates of ectopic pregnancy are 0.6 to 1.1% per year. However, the levonorgestrel intrauterine device has been described as more protective against ectopic ...

PubMed Central

35
Intrahepatic pregnancy: A unique opportunity for evaluation with sonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging
1989-02-10

The incidence of ectopic pregnancy ranges from one in 84 to one in 357 live births. The most common site of implantation is within the fallopian tubes; abdominal pregnancies are unusual, and primary hepatic pregnancies are extremely rare. A computer search revealed only six case of placental ...

Energy Citations Database

36
[Conservative treatment of 12-week cervical pregnancy].
2004-04-01

A cervical pregnancy is very rare form of ectopic pregnancy. Usually it is associated with unexpected occurrence hemorrhage from the cervix. For this reason the treatment for a cervical pregnancy very often requires an abdominal hysterectomy. To avoid hysterectomy several conservative methods ...

PubMed

37
Indicators of potential for rupture for ectopics seen in the emergency department

Background:Emergency departments (ED) frequently evaluate patients with probable ectopic pregnancies who go home and may rupture. It would be beneficial to know which patient factors are associated with rupture and which are not.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to determine which ED patients with ectopic ...

PubMed Central

38
What Is the Risk for a Second Ectopic Pregnancy?

... Put Safety First 5 Tips to Get Kids Reading Pregnant? Your Baby's Growth What Is the Risk for a Second Ectopic Pregnancy? KidsHealth > Parents > Q&A > Pregnancy and Infants > What Is the Risk for a Second Ectopic ...

MedlinePLUS

39
Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome coexisting with a bilateral ectopic pregnancy.
2004-02-01

Management of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) includes hospitalization for fluid and electrolyte management. Abdominal paracentesis is also used as minimally invasive form of management in selected cases of severe OHSS following ovulation induction. However, if pregnancy ensues, the syndrome persists for a longer period, and the clinical ...

PubMed

40
Ectopic Pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy Basics In-Depth Multimedia Resources Definition Symptoms Causes Risk factors Complications Preparing for your appointment Tests and diagnosis ...

MedlinePLUS

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41
[Family planning counseling after extrauterine pregnancy].
1989-04-30

In the past 30 years the Hungarian incidence of ectopic pregnancies decreased after the maximum in 1961 till the minimum in 1974, however, there was a slight increase after this. The proportion of maternal mortality due to ectopic pregnancies was 8 per cent in 1970-1986. The recurrence risk of ...

PubMed

42
Cervical ectopic pregnancy: hysterectomy specimen examination clarifies the cause of first trimester pregnancy bleeding.
2011-03-01

A report on a difficult case of first trimester pregnancy bleeding in a 39-year-old woman solved by hysterectomy. The diagnosis was clarified by pathological examination that showed a cervical ectopic pregnancy with perforation. PMID:21338772

PubMed

43
Sterilization by Laparoscopy

... Pain in the incision Mild nausea from the medications or the procedure Shoulder pain A scratchy ... Ectopic Pregnancy: A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg begins ...

MedlinePLUS

44
Paula Janine Adams Hillard, M

... for the surgeon: ovarian cysts, ectopic pregnancies,� and �Experience ... trial report: Oral contraceptives and side effects. ... Teen pregnancy and contraception. ...

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)

45
Intervention to Decrease Risk for STDs and Unintended ...
2003-10-01

... Abstract : Unintended pregnancies (UIPs) and STDs with their sequelae of ectopic pregnancy continue to be epidemic among active duty enlisted ...

DTIC Science & Technology

46
Blind hemivagina: long-term follow-up and reproductive performance in 42 cases.
1999-08-01

Our purpose was to analyse the reproductive performance of women with obstructed hemivagina after surgical treatment. After laparoscopic exploration of 42 cases (mean age: 18 years), didelphic and complete septate uterus were found in 78 and 22% of cases respectively. Resection of vaginal septum and hemihysterectomy with ipsilateral hemicolpectomy were performed in 88% and 12% of the cases, ...

PubMed

47
Ectopic pregnancy.
1985-06-01

The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy has become precise and reliable. Consequently, the management of ectopic pregnancy has progressed to the point where the physician is often able to preserve fertility. Therefore, conservative surgery is indicated if the patient desires future fertility and conditions are ...

PubMed

48
Combined use of serum HCG and sonography in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy
1983-09-01

During an 18 month period, 320 patients were referred with clinical suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy. This study is based on 19 patients with ectopic pregnancy who had both a sonographic examination of the pelvis and determination of serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) before surgery. Emphasis is focused ...

Energy Citations Database

49
[Ectopic pregnancy--still a live clinical issue --a case report].
2006-10-01

We report a case of a 23-year old patient with extrauterine (tubal) pregnancy at 14 weeks gestational age. The patient was admitted to the Clinic with growing abdominal pain lasting few hours, with worsening general condition with no previous symptoms. In ultrasound examination a normal size uterus was described. On the right and behind the uterus the ...

PubMed

50
Spontaneous heterotrophic pregnancy with tubal rupture and delivery of a live baby at term: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Heterotopic pregnancy is the coexistence of intrauterine and extrauterine gestations. It is associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality particularly in low resource settings. Spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy is very rarely seen with documented incidence of 1 in 30,000 pregnancies. We present the first case ...

PubMed

51
Report of two cases of uterus didelphys and rare ectopic (cornual and cervical) pregnancies.

Two cases of rare ectopic pregnancies are presented, both with underlying uterine didelphys anomaly. Uterine anomalies are a well-known predisposing factor for ectopic pregnancies. Detection of the uterine anomaly is crucial in the choice of treatment of an ectopic ...

PubMed

52
Modern management of ectopic pregnancy.
1989-05-01

The modern management of ectopic pregnancy has been influenced greatly by recent advances in human chorionic gonadotropin determination and ultrasound. Serum progesterone determination holds promise as a means of identifying abnormal gestations. Early diagnosis of tubal pregnancies has prompted conservative surgical treatment and the ...

PubMed

53
Salpingotomy or salpingectomy in tubal ectopic pregnancy: what do women prefer?
2010-06-30

There is an ongoing debate whether tubal ectopic pregnancy should be treated by salpingotomy or salpingectomy. It is unknown which treatment women prefer in view of the potentially better fertility outcome but disadvantages of salpingotomy. This study investigated women surgically treated for tubal ectopic ...

PubMed

54
[Abdominal pregnancy in Libreville from 1999 to 2009.
2011-07-19

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal pregnancy (AP) is defined as the implantation and development of the fertilised egg in the cavity of peritoneum. It causes severe perinatal morbity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: Underline the epidemiologic, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the AP. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective study conducted at Maternit� Jos�phine ...

PubMed

55
Plasma creatine phosphokinase level may predict successful treatment after a single injection of methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy.
2011-01-07

Our finding that creatine phosphokinase level was significantly higher in women successfully treated for ectopic pregnancy with only a single injection of methotrexate suggests that this indicator predicts this outcome. PMID:21215394

PubMed

56
42 CFR 441.207 - Drugs and devices and termination of ectopic pregnancies.
2010-10-01

...SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS SERVICES: REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITS APPLICABLE TO SPECIFIC SERVICES Abortions § 441.207 Drugs and devices and termination of ectopic pregnancies. FFP is available in expenditures for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010

57
Keller Prehospital Ultrasound Study
2010-02-23

Ultrasonography; Multiple Trauma; Kidney Calculi; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Pregnancy; Catheterization, Venous

ClinicalTrials.gov

58
Abdominal Wall Hernias

... obesity, pregnancy, or excess fluid in the abdomen (ascites). Femoral Hernia: A hernia may develop just below ...

MedlinePLUS

59
Abdominal Wall Hernias

... Some adults have an umbilical hernia because of obesity, pregnancy, or excess fluid in the abdomen (ascites). Femoral ...

MedlinePLUS

60
Live abdominal pregnancy presenting as massive rectal bleeding.
1985-08-01

A case of massive rectal bleeding resulting from the placental attachment of an abdominal pregnancy to the sigmoid colon is reported. Both mother and infant survived this rare complication which should be considered when abdominal colic and major gastrointestinal haemorrhage occur in a pregnant patient.

PubMed Central

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61
Place of Culdocentesis in the Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy
1970-01-24

In developing countries the high incidence of anaemia and pelvic infection often makes the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy difficult. Culdocentesis has been used in 100 doubtful cases out of 144 consecutive cases of ectopic pregnancy. The preoperative diagnosis was correct in 93 out of the 100 cases. There were ...

PubMed Central

62
Persistent trophoblastic tissue following salpingostomy for unruptured ectopic pregnancy
1985-02-01

Radioimmunoassay of beta-hCG was used to diagnose an ectopic pregnancy in a 30 year old patient and the site of pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography. A salpingostomy was performed; the ectopic pregnancy and the residual trophoblastic tissue were removed. Six weeks later a right ...

Energy Citations Database

63
Ectopic Pregnancy

... blood test to check your levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). hCG is a hormone that is produced ...

MedlinePLUS

64
Collaborative Research and Support of Fitzsimmons Army ...
1995-08-31

... the following outcomes: spontaneous abortions, ectopic pregnancies ... MILITARY RESEARCH, ACTIVE DUTY, ABORTION, WOMEN, RETIREMENT ...

DTIC Science & Technology

65
Adenofibroma and ectopic pregnancy of left fallopian tube: a rare coexistence.
2010-06-01

A rare coexistence of an adenofibroma and ectopic pregnancy in the left fallopian tube is reported. Adenofibroma is a rare benign neoplasm of the fallopian tube, and the fallopian tube is the most common site of ectopic pregnancies. However, coexistence of such rare tumor and ectopic ...

PubMed

66
Reproductive outcome after multiple ectopic pregnancies.

Seventy-six patients with two or more ectopic pregnancies treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Central Hospital, Tampere, Finland over a period of 14 years (1972-1985) were retrospectively analyzed. Conservative tubal surgery had originally been performed in 57% of patients with a repeat tubal pregnancy, ...

PubMed

67
Understanding the mechanisms of human tubal ectopic pregnancies: new evidence from knockout mouse models
2010-03-19

Ectopic pregnancy, a worldwide health problem, is potentially life-threatening and occurs in approximately 1.5�2% of all pregnancies in the western world; however, the precise mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of tubal ectopic pregnancy are unknown. Tubal abnormalities and ...

PubMed Central

68
Race, socioeconomic status, and response to methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancy in an urban population.
2010-08-02

On the basis of the documented racial disparities in ectopic pregnancy incidence and mortality we hypothesized that African-American women with ectopic pregnancy would be more likely than white women to have treatment failure with methotrexate. In this retrospective cohort study, a racial disparity in methotrexate ...

PubMed

69
Ectopic pregnancy: a pictorial review.

Ultrasound has remained the primary modality for investigating the pelvis of women in the reproductive age group, especially in an emergency setting. Recognition of different sonographic presentations, including typical and atypical findings of ectopic pregnancy, is important to determine surgical or nonsurgical management. This pictorial review article ...

PubMed

70
Ectopic Pregnancy Surveillance - Summary 1970-1978.
1982-01-01

This report, which presents data on ectopic pregnancy among reproductive-age women (15-44 years of age): (1) documents the estimated number and characteristics of women discharged after treatment of ectopic pregnancy in non-federal, short-stay hospitals i...

National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

71
Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome: a diagnostic challenge and review of the literature
2010-10-01

We present a case of a 60-year-old woman who initially presented with pneumonia and abdominal pain and was diagnosed with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome secondary to small cell lung cancer. We review published literature and summarize the typical challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic ACTH syndrome. ...

PubMed Central

72
Ectopic adrenals in a sirenomelic fetus.
2000-07-01

A sirenomelic malformation was diagnosed in a fetus from the first pregnancy of a 25-year-old woman, and it was aborted at the 24th week of gestation. The fetus represented a sympus monopus. The head, organs of the neck, the thorax, and the upper part of abdominal cavity were normally formed. The kidneys, the ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra ...

PubMed

73
Acute abdomen at 12 weeks secondary to placenta percreta.
2011-09-01

With increasing caesarean section rates during the past decades, a rising trend of placenta percreta is observed. Although rare, placenta percreta can present as acute abdomen due to haemoperitoneum during antepartum period. A 24 years old pregnant lady with two previous caesarean sections, presented in emergency at 12 weeks of gestation with syncope, acute abdominal pain and ...

PubMed

74
Sonography of Methotrexate for Ectopics
2007-04-01

Treatment unruptured ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate (MTX) and citrovorum factor is now an established alternative to surgical therapy. Serial measurements of serum beta-HCG and early ultrasound examination have allowed detection of early and unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancies, permitting treatment without ...

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

75
Ectopic pregnancy: the surgical epidemic.
1989-05-01

Ectopic pregnancy has become a major health problem in terms of its morbidity and its impact on health care resources. In a case-control study involving 40 black patients, the odds ratio of developing ectopic pregnancy in current and former intrauterine device users is 11.7, which is statistically significant. The ...

PubMed Central

76
The problematic first-trimester pregnancy.
1989-01-01

The first-trimester obstetric patient who is experiencing pain or bleeding may have a normal intrauterine pregnancy, a threatened miscarriage, an ectopic pregnancy, a blighted ovum or trophoblastic disease. Correlation of clinical findings, quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin levels and diagnostic ultrasound findings can maximize ...

PubMed

77
Ectopic pelvic kidney with urinary tract infection presenting as lower abdominal pain in a child.
2011-03-29

Ectopic pelvic kidney is a rare developmental anomaly. Ectopic pelvic kidney can present without the characteristic symptoms associated with the urinary tract pathology. Ectopic pelvic kidney is usually unknown, and nonspecific vague abdominal comfort maybe the only symptom. Early detection and recognition of an ...

PubMed

78
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY�Early Diagnosis, Clinical Errors and Conservative Operation
1958-01-01

This report of eight years' experience with extrauterine pregnancy by a single gynecologist is an exposition of how the diagnosis was made or why it was missed. Of 26 diagnoses of ectopic pregnancy, five were false (20 per cent); and in three cases (10 per cent) the diagnosis was not made promptly�a total error of 30 per cent. ...

PubMed Central

79
Rh Factor: How It Can Affect Your Pregnancy

... woman has once had a miscarriage an induced abortion an ectopic pregnancy a blood transfusion amniocentesis chorionic ... the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. Induced Abortion: The planned termination of a pregnancy before the ...

MedlinePLUS

80
Intramural pregnancy with fetal survival: case history and discussion of etiologic factors.
1987-09-01

Intramural implantation is among the rarest sites for ectopic pregnancy. The first intramural pregnancy with fetal survival is described and the possible etiologic role of prior uterine surgery is discussed. PMID:3627606

PubMed

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81
Intervention to Decrease Risk for STDs and Unintended Pregnancies Among Navy Women Aboard Ships: A Biopsychosocial Approach.
2003-01-01

Unintended pregnancies (UIPs) and STDs with their sequelae of ectopic pregnancy continue to be epidemic among active duty enlisted women. Such reproductive health problems result in major morbidity among affected women as well as posing a potential threat...

National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

82
Bleeding during Pregnancy

... bleeding. Blood loss may cause weakness, fainting, pain, shock, or death. Ectopic pregnancies are much less common ... blood cells. Ultrasound: A test in which sound waves are used to examine internal structures. During pregnancy, ...

MedlinePLUS

83
The risk of ectopic pregnancy following tubal reconstructive microsurgery and assisted reproductive technology procedures.
2011-09-24

PURPOSE: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) in the general population is 2%, whereas the EP rate following assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is between 2.1 and 11%. EP is also an adverse effect of tubal surgery with incidences up to 40% depending on the type, location, and severity of tubal disease and the surgical ...

PubMed

84
Selective Uterine Artery Embolization for Management of Interstitial Ectopic Pregnancy
2007-04-20

Interstitial ectopic pregnancy is a rare condition of pregnancy and may be very dangerous if not identified and treated urgently. We report a case of successful treatment of an interstitial pregnancy using selective uterine artery embolization. A 27-year-old woman with interstitial pregnancy ...

PubMed Central

85
Conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy.
1979-06-01

Twenty-four conservative surgical procedures for unruptured tubal pregnancies were performed on 23 patients with poor past obstetric performance. All cases were diagnosed preoperatively by laparoscopy. Salpingotomy was performed in 20 cases and fimbrial expression of the ectopic pregnancy was performed in 4 cases. In the group of ...

PubMed

86
Massive hemoperitoneum due to ruptured ectopic gestation: Postmortem CT findings in a deeply frozen deceased person.
2011-08-01

A deceased 23year old female was repatriated from a 3rd world country in a deeply frozen state as no conventional mortuary refrigeration was available. Prior to her death the deceased had complained of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting followed by collapse. She was unable to be resuscitated. Postmortem CT scanning on arrival at our mortuary (105h after death) revealed a ...

PubMed

87
Morbidity and mortality following tubal ectopic pregnancies in Enugu, Nigeria.
2005-08-01

Our objective was to determine the current incidence, clinical pattern, surgical and medical management, maternal morbidity and mortality from tubal pregnancies in Enugu, Nigeria. The records of all patients treated for tubal pregnancy at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2003 were reviewed. The number of ...

PubMed

88
Triplets�one ectopic, two intrauterine
1973-10-01

A case of ovarian ectopic conception, complicating a simultaneous twin intra-uterine pregnancy is described, in which the operative diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. Such cases are extremely rare and comment is made upon this with references.

PubMed Central

89
[ ]1f1w1 2

(underneath skin), visceral (intra-abdominal), and ectopic (organ, muscle) fat, with visceral and ectopic fat assess the distribution of abdominal fat with MRI. FIG. 3 illustrates a 3D visualization of fat depots[ ]1f1w1 2 2cc ccCADckmin f,w ++- FD2 2 2 Byemin +- III. MRI of BROWN FAT Two types of fat exist

E-print Network

90
Cutaneous ectopic schistosomiasis.
1976-09-11

Two cases of cutaneous schistosomiasis due to ectopic ova have recently been seen. Both patients presented with abdominal papular lesions, which were found on biopsy to contain schistosoma ova. To reach these abdominal sites mature worms probably migrate from the portal circulation to the paraumbilical veins, where they anastomose with ...

PubMed Central

91
Total Laparoscopic Conservative Surgery for an Intramural Ectopic Pregnancy
2010-10-11

A 38-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 1 with a history of a left salpingectomy for an ectopic pregnancy was admitted for treatment of a presumed ectopic pregnancy. Transvaginal sonography revealed an ill-defined gestational sac and fetal heart beat within the fundal myometrium adjacent to the left cornua. ...

PubMed Central

92
Inflammation of ectopic pancreatic tissue in a Meckel's diverticulum causing acute abdominal symptoms: a case report and review of the literature.
2009-02-17

An unusual case of acute abdomen was caused by the inflammation of ectopic pancreatic tissue in a Meckel's diverticulum. A 49-year-old man presented with acute abdominal pain, and the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis was established. During laparotomy, a normal appendix of unusual localization near the gallbladder and a Meckel's diverticulum with ...

PubMed

93
21 CFR 884.5225 - Abdominal decompression chamber.
2011-04-01

...abdominal decompression chamber is a hoodlike device used to reduce pressure on the pregnant patient's abdomen for the relief of abdominal pain during pregnancy or labor. (b) Classification. Class III (premarket approval). (c) Date PMA...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011

94
Managing gynaecological emergencies with laparoscopy.
1989-08-05

A consecutive series of 49 women (50 procedures), whose conditions were haemodynamically stable, presenting with acute lower abdominal pain, pelvic tenderness, and either a urine concentration of greater than 50 U/l beta human chorionic gonadotrophin or a pelvic mass shown by ultrasonography were treated with operative laparoscopy under video monitoring (videopelviscopy) as an ...

PubMed Central

95
Unusual presentation of a third tubal pregnancy. A case report.
1987-04-01

A rare case occurred of a third ectopic pregnancy associated with a previous right partial salpingectomy and left total salpingectomy/cornual resection. The ectopic implantation was in the right fimbrial stump. Some suspicion of pregnancy should always be maintained despite any history of previous bilateral tubal ...

PubMed

96
Unruptured interstitial pregnancy. Diagnosis and treatment.
1978-11-01

Symptoms and signs of interstitial pregnancy cannot be differentiated from symptoms and signs of other ectopic pregnancies. Unruptured interstitial gestations are usually diagnosed incidental to the work-up of a suspected ectopic gestation. Unlike some teaching, a characteristic pelvic mass was palpable in 3 of 4 ...

PubMed

97
The Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy . . .
1997-01-01

Background Tubal sterilization is an increasingly common method of contraception in the United States. Although pregnancy after sterilization is uncommon, it can occur and may be ectopic. We used data from the U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization to estimate the risk of ectopic pregnancy in women who had ...

E-print Network

98
[Gynecological emergencies: Etiology and degree of gravity.
2011-09-21

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the type and the emergency degree of the pathologies met in gynecological emergencies. METHODS: prospective study including 205 patients presented to the Emergency department of a maternity level 3 between the 2011 January 4 and February 15. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-four patients (95%) came from their own initiative. One hundred and eighty-one patients (88%) consulted ...

PubMed

99
Laparoscopic Transmesocolic Pyelolithotomy in an Ectopic Pelvic Kidney

Management of large calculi in ectopic pelvic kidneys poses a challenge to the urologist. Risk of injury to surrounding abdominal viscera and vasculature makes open surgery as well as percutaneous nephrostolithotomy in an ectopic kidney a challenging procedure. Laparoscopic management avoids open surgery and associated morbidity and ...

PubMed Central

100
Ectopic liver nodules: a rare finding during cholecystectomy.
2011-05-01

The ectopic liver (or choristoma) is a rare condition found during autopsy or abdominal exploration for various indications. The authors report two cases of ectopic liver found during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholestytis. The ectopic liver tissue has been reported to develop in several sites as ...

PubMed

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101
[Serology of Chlamydia and ectopic pregnancies. Incidence of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome].
1991-01-01

The authors report a prospective study of anti-chlamydia trachomatis serology in extra-uterine pregnancies, which happened to coincide with an increase in the ectopic rate during the year 1989 (p less than 1.10(-6]. The subjects of the study were those patients operated on for ectopic pregnancy between the 1st ...

PubMed

102
Self-Test Kit: Rapid Diagnosis of Urogenital Infections in ...
1999-09-01

... Serious renal infections, permanent infertility and life-threatening ectopic pregnancies are all recognized and well documented sequelae of lower ...

DTIC Science & Technology

103
Self-Test Kit: Rapid Diagnosis of Urogenital Infections in ...
1998-09-01

... Serious renal infections, permanent infertility and life-threatening ectopic pregnancies are all recognized and well documented sequelae of lower ...

DTIC Science & Technology

104
Self-Test Kit: Rapid Diagnosis of Urogenital Infections in ...
1997-09-01

... Serious renal infections, permanent infertility and life- threatening ectopic pregnancies are all recognized and well documented sequelae of lower ...

DTIC Science & Technology

105
Self Test Kit: Rapid Diagnosis of Urogenital Infections in ...
2000-09-01

... Serious renal infections, permanent infertility and life-threatening ectopic pregnancies are all recognized and well documented sequelae of lower ...

DTIC Science & Technology

106
Rh Disease

... ACOG, 1999; Moise, 2008): Miscarriage Ectopic pregnancy Induced ... all unsensitized Rh-negative women need treatment with RhIg? An Rh-negative woman ...

MedlinePLUS

107
Ectopic Transplantation of Equine Invasive Trophoblast1

... 34 conceptuses and surgically placed into the vulvar mucosa or subdermal skin of recipient mares. Biopsy specimens ... pregnancy before chorionic girdle cell invasion. The vulvar mucosa was chosen as an e...

NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure

108
21-998 Levonorgestrel DD Clinical PREA

... The primary reason for the action was that ... of a spontaneous or missed abortion (ie, a ... Pregnancy outcomes (spontaneous abortions, term deliveries, and ectopics ...

Center for Drug Evaluation (CDER)

109
Challenge of Fetal Mortality

... or ectopic pregnancies). These items are summed to yield the number of previous pregnancies. Data source and ... Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, USA 800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636) ...

MedlinePLUS

110
Ectopic tubal pregnancy treated by operative laparoscopy.
1989-06-01

Between July 1986 and May 1988, all 23 patients with ectopic tubal pregnancies of 5 to 10 1/2 weeks' gestation and with serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels between 51 and 92,610 mIU/ml (first international reference preparation) were treated by operative laparoscopy. Twenty-two (96%) of the ectopic ...

PubMed

111
A case report of an ectopic fetus in a cat.
2011-08-01

An ectopic fetus was discovered in an 18-month-old uniparous queen that was admitted for an elective ovariectomy. Six months prior she had delivered three healthy kittens. During the preoperative examination, a mass similar in size to a full-term fetus was detected in the abdominal cavity. Ultrasound examination revealed the mass to be an ...

PubMed

112
Simultaneous intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies following in-vitro fertilization and gamete intra-fallopian transfer. A review of nine cases.
1990-05-01

This paper reports nine cases of simultaneous intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies which followed in-vitro fertilization (three cases) and gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (six cases). The ectopic pregnancies were treated by aspiration and injection of potassium chloride and methotrexate (five cases), salpingectomy ...

PubMed

113
Clinical pattern of gynecological/early pregnancy complaints and the outcome of pelvic sonography in a private diagnostic center in Ilorin.

Background: Gynecological and early pregnancy complaints (GEPC)/lower abdominal complaints (LAC) are common in female patients seeking medical advice or treatments. Clinical limitations of GEPC or LAC are better resolved through appropriate laboratory and imaging investigation, among which the ultrasound examination (USS) is one. Aim: To determine the ...

PubMed

114
Ruptured spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy.
2010-04-01

The coexistence of intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy (heterotopic pregnancy) occurs in 1/30,000 of spontaneous pregnancies, 1/900 in Clomiphene citrate induced pregnancies and rises to 1% in assisted reproduction. It is a life-threatening condition with diagnostic and therapeutic complexities. ...

PubMed

115
Placental growth factor: a promising diagnostic biomarker for tubal ectopic pregnancy
2010-11-03

ContextTubal ectopic pregnancy is common but accurate diagnosis is difficult and costly. There is currently no serum test to differentiate tubal from intrauterine implantation and an effective biomarker of ectopic pregnancy would be a major clinical advance.ObjectiveA key feature of successful intrauterine ...

PubMed Central

116
Persistent ectopic syndrome.
1989-09-01

Persistent ectopic syndrome is a complication of conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. This study is directed toward the escalating conservatism in the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy and its possible sequelae. Residual trophoblast propagation after initial surgery is becoming more frequent. Two cases are ...

PubMed

117
Improved sensitivity and specificity of a single measurement of serum progesterone over serial quantitative beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin in screening for ectopic pregnancy.
1992-05-01

The sensitivity and specificity of a single serum progesterone measurement was compared against two beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) measurements 48 h apart in screening for abnormal pregnancy, i.e. ectopic pregnancy, completed or incomplete abortion. Of 1120 patients in the first trimester presenting with a positive urinary ...

PubMed

118
Gonadotropin-producing benign cystic teratoma simulating a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
1994-03-01

Benign cystic teratomas are asymptomatic in many cases. There are some reports of production of thyroid-stimulating hormone, estrogen, testosterone, and prolactin by these tumors. This article reports a patient in whom a twisted cystic teratoma simulated ruptured ectopic pregnancy by beta human chorionic gonadotropin production and hemorrhage into the ...

PubMed Central

119
Dreams of my daughter: an ectopic pregnancy.
2008-12-17

Autoethnographic narrative, personal journal excerpts, and artifacts were employed to narrate the story of my ectopic pregnancy and experiences with the medical field. The name "Doctor" is invoked as a way of objectifying yet protecting the anonymity of the doctor who objectified and did not protect me. A methodological discussion of the following tensions ...

PubMed

120
Chlamydia trachomatis and ectopic pregnancy: retrospective analysis of salpingectomy specimens, endometrial biopsies, and cervical smears.
1995-09-01

AIMS--To examine the role of Chlamydia trachomatis in ectopic pregnancy by detection of DNA in archival salpingectomy specimens, and in their preceding cervical specimens and endometrial biopsies, by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS--Archival paraffin embedded salpingectomy tissues (n = 48) from 37 women with ectopic ...

PubMed Central

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121
42 CFR 136.55 - Drugs and devices and termination of ectopic pregnancies.
2010-10-01

...and devices and termination of ectopic pregnancies. 136.55 Section 136.55 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT...Service Facilities and Indian Health Service Programs § 136.55 Drugs and devices and termination of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010

122
Transvaginal removal of ectopic pregnancy tissue and repair of uterine defect for caesarean scar pregnancy.
2011-04-12

Please cite this paper as: He M, Chen M-H, Xie H-Z, Yao S-Z, Zhu B, Feng L-P, Wu Y-P. Transvaginal removal of ectopic pregnancy tissue and repair of uterine defect for caesarean scar pregnancy. BJOG 2011;118:1136-1139. From December 2009 to April 2010, six patients with caesarean scar pregnancies (CSPs) underwent ...

PubMed

123
Combined subcutaneous, intrathoracic and abdominal splenosis.
2010-09-01

We report a case of combined subcutaneous, intrathoracic, and abdominal splenosis who presented with attacks of flushing, tachycardia and vague abdominal pain. The patient's past medical history included a splenectomy due to abdominal trauma and years later, a lung lobectomy due to recurrent pneumonia. An enhancing solid mass adjacent ...

PubMed

124
The METEX study: Methotrexate versus expectant management in women with ectopic pregnancy: A randomised controlled trial
2008-06-19

BackgroundPatients with ectopic pregnancy (EP) and low serum hCG concentrations and women with a pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) and plateauing serum hCG levels are commonly treated with systemic methotrexate (MTX). However, there is no evidence that treatment in these particular subgroups of women is necessary as many of these ...

PubMed Central

125
Decline in ?hCG levels between days 0 and 4 after a single dose of methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy predicts treatment success: a retrospective cohort study.
2011-09-01

Please cite this paper as: Skubisz M, Lee J, Wallace E, Tong S. Decline in ?hCG levels between days 0 and 4 after a single dose of methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy predicts treatment success: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03133.x. In current protocols for the medical management of ectopic ...

PubMed

126
[Intrauterine pregnancy after conservative treatment of ectopic pregnancy with contralateral removal of the adnexa].
1994-07-01

Laparoscopic injection has become an important tool in tubal pregnancy. Intratubal injection of 5 mg of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PG F2 alpha) was successful at a serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level of more than 2500 mlU/ml. Intrauterine pregnancy occurred 112 days after laparoscopic treatment, during earlier removal of the contralateral tube. ...

PubMed

127
A giant ectopic ovary.
2001-02-01

A young woman with a congenital chest-wall defect presented with abdominal pain, irregular menses, and a palpable mass at the defect. The mass, removed laparoscopically, was found to be a functioning ovary that tracked along the retroperitoneum, reflecting its embryologic origin. PMID:11444321

PubMed

128
The role of routine post-natal abdominal ultrasound for newborns in a resource-poor setting: a longitudinal study
2011-07-12

Background-Neonatal abdominal ultrasound is usually performed in Nigeria to investigate neonatal symptoms rather than as a follow up to evaluate fetal abnormalities which were detected on prenatal ultrasound. The role of routine obstetric ultrasonography in the monitoring of pregnancy and identification of fetal malformations has partly contributed to ...

PubMed Central

129
The Role of Routine Post-natal Abdominal Ultrasound for Newborns in a Resource-poor Setting : a longitudinal study.
2011-07-12

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Neonatal abdominal ultrasound is usually performed in Nigeria to investigate neonatal symptoms rather than as a follow up to evaluate fetal abnormalities which were detected on prenatal ultrasound .The role of routine obstetric ultrasonography in the monitoring of pregnancy and identification of fetal malformations has partly ...

PubMed

130
Pelviscopic surgery: a key for conserving fertility.
1991-01-01

As a result of experience with more than 16,000 pelviscopic operative procedures performed at the Kiel University Women's Clinic from 1971 to 1988 which in this time had been adapted and used around the world, it may be said that the pelviscopic operative techniques, based completely on the laparotomy techniques which employ the microscissors, needles and suture material, is superior for many of ...

PubMed

131
Functional similarity in appendage specification by the Ultrabithorax and abdominal-A Drosophila HOX genes.
1996-08-01

In Drosophila, the Ultrabithorax, abdominal-A and Abdominal-B HOX genes of the bithorax complex determine the identity of part of the thorax and the whole abdomen. Either the absence of these genes or their ectopic expression transform segments into the identity of different ones along the antero-posterior axis. Here we show that ...

PubMed Central

132
Exercise During Pregnancy: Current State of the Art
1989-08-01

Women should be encouraged to become fit before they become pregnant. During pregnancy, those who were accustomed to aerobic exercise before pregnancy can probably continue their sports involvement throughout pregnancy, at the same perceived level of exertion. Weight training and calisthenics are advisable during ...

PubMed Central

133
Second trimester uterine atony imitating ectopic pregnancy: magnetic resonance diagnosis.
1995-10-01

When an obstetrical patient was referred for inability to auscultate fetal heart tones at 18 weeks' gestation, ultrasound identified a single living fetus in the maternal right upper quadrant. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ruled out a suspected uterine ectopic pregnancy and avoided laparotomy. The patient experienced an uncomplicated term delivery. MRI ...

PubMed

134
[Guideline for prevention of RhD alloimmunization in RhD negative women].
2010-08-01

Events following which anti-D immunoglobulin should be given to all RhD negative women with no anti-D antibodies: First trimester indications (50 microg)--termination of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion followed by instrumentation, ectopic pregnancy, chorionic villus sampling, partial molar pregnancy; Second and ...

PubMed

135
Miscarriage (image)

A threatened miscarriage or spontaneous abortion occurs in approximately 10% of pregnancies between 7 and 12 weeks of gestation. Symptoms include vaginal bleeding, abdominal cramps, and low ...

MedlinePLUS

136
JAMA Patient Page: Abdominal Hernia

... RISK FACTORS � Family history of hernia � Being male � Obesity � Pregnancy � Weight lifting, coughing, straining during bowel movement � Cystic ...

MedlinePLUS

137
Thermography in undescended testes
2001-03-01

Are one of the pathologies more frequent in infant surgery - intra-abdominal, inguinal or ectopic. With actual methods of diagnosis some inguinal and none of the abdominal are detectable. Change of temperature is one of the elements to explain the detection in the maturity and development of the testes. Hormonal stimuli are used to ...

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

138
Ectopic fetuses in two cottontail rabbits.
1975-10-01

Mummified fetuses were discovered in the abdominal cavities of two cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) collected during separate years from the same geographical location in Virginia. One of these rabbits had a patent opening through the vaginal wall to the abdominal cavity. The uterus and vagina of the second rabbit appeared normal. PMID:1195499

PubMed

139
Ectopic Migration of an Adult Heartworm in a Dog with Dirofilariasis
2008-09-20

A 3-yr-old female mongrel dog was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University in the Republic of Korea. An adult heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, was found in the abdominal cavity of the dog during spaying. Dirofilariasis in this dog was also diagnosed by modified Knott's test, ELISA test, and PCR analysis. The present case is the first report ...

PubMed Central

140
First trimester bleeding.
2009-06-01

Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester occurs in about one fourth of pregnancies. About one half of those who bleed will miscarry. Guarded reassurance and watchful waiting are appropriate if fetal heart sounds are detected, if the patient is medically stable, and if there is no adnexal mass or clinical sign of intraperitoneal bleeding. Discriminatory criteria using ...

PubMed

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141
Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa: Technical Success and Outcome of Fluoroscopic Transcervical Fallopian Tube Recanalization
1998-01-15

Purpose: To evaluate the technical success and outcome of fallopian tube recanalization (FTR) in salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN). Methods: SIN is a well-recognized pathological condition affecting the proximal fallopian tube and is associated with infertility and ectopic pregnancy. We reviewed the presentations, films, and case records of all patients ...

Energy Citations Database

142
Endometrial gene expression in early pregnancy: lessons from human ectopic pregnancy.
2008-06-30

Human endometrium undergoes modifications in preparation for embryonic implantation. This study investigated in vivo the endocrine effects of pregnancy on the endometrium, using the model of ectopic pregnancy. Endometrial biopsies from 9 subjects with ectopic pregnancy (Preg) were compared with ...

PubMed

143
Endometrial Gene Expression in Early Pregnancy: Lessons From Human Ectopic Pregnancy
2008-06-30

Human endometrium undergoes modifications in preparation for embryonic implantation. This study investigated in vivo the endocrine effects of pregnancy on the endometrium, using the model of ectopic pregnancy. Endometrial biopsies from 9 subjects with ectopic pregnancy (Preg) were compared with ...

PubMed Central

144
Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of abnormal pregnancies in the first trimester.

Doppler examination of uteroplacental vessels was performed in the first trimester of pregnancy in 111 women with a normal pregnancy outcome and in 10 women with pregnancies that had or subsequently failed due to anembryonic pregnancy (N = 4), missed abortion (N = 1), subsequent spontaneous abortion of live fetus ...

PubMed

145
Coexisting Metastatic Choriocarcinoma and Normal Pregnancy. Therapy During Gestation with Maternal Remission and Fetal Survival.
1967-01-01

A report of widely metastatic choriocarcinoma coexisting with a normal intrauterine pregnancy is presented. A primary lesion was not demonstrated in the placenta, and the possible origins of the neoplasm are discussed. Following 2 emergency abdominal surg...

National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

146
[Conservative treatment of ectopic pregnancy in a 27 years old patient with stage-Ia ovarian cancer after conservative surgical treatment and chemotherapy].

We report a case of conservative treatment of ectopic pregnancy in a 27 years old patient, previously treated for ovarian cancer. Two years before she had surgery because of tumour in the left ovary. Ovarian cancer in stage la according to FIGO was confirmed. Considering the patient s young age, future reproductive plans and the early stage of cancer, the ...

PubMed

147
Ultrasound-guided injection of ectopic pregnancy.
1999-03-01

Preliminary studies have demonstrated that salpingocentesis is a safe and effective treatment for unruptured ectopic pregnancies that are visible by transvaginal ultrasound. So far, experience with this technique has been confined to only a few centers around the world. The most promising results of these studies has been the virtual absence of side ...

PubMed

148
Diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy
2005-10-11

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY IS A LIFE- AND FERTILITY-threatening condition that is commonly seen in Canadian emergency departments. Increases in the availability and use of hormonal markers, coupled with advances in formal and emergency ultrasonography have changed the diagnostic approach to the patient in the emergency department with first-trimester bleeding or ...

PubMed Central

149
Spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy with tubal rupture: a case report and review of the literature
2009-06-10

IntroductionHeterotopic pregnancy is diagnosed as the presence of two gestations simultaneously. This is a rare situation with a reported prevalence of 0.08% in normal conception.Case presentationWe report a case of a 24-year-old primigravida of Indian origin who was seen in the emergency department with a diagnosis of a ruptured ectopic ...

PubMed Central

150
Laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of nonruptured tubal pregnancy
1996-03-01

Introduction of the endoscopic techniques into gynecology enabled a change in the procedures in the case of ectopic pregnancy. This paper aims at presenting 76 cases of non-ruptured tubal pregnancies treated conservatively by the laparoscopic surgery with the application of the electrocoagulation or the Nd:YAG laser. The investigated ...

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

151
Conservative management of a Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy: a case report
2009-08-18

IntroductionCesarean scar pregnancy is the rarest kind of ectopic pregnancy. The immediate prognosis depends on the risks associated with uterine rupture and massive bleeding.Case presentationA 32-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 1) presented with massive vaginal bleeding. A Cesarean scar pregnancy was diagnosed. ...

PubMed Central

152
Methotrexate in local treatment of cervical heterotopic pregnancy with successful perinatal outcome: Case report.
2011-04-26

This case report describes a case of heterotopic cervical ectopic pregnancy in a nulliparous woman that was successfully treated with single-dose local, intra-amniotic methotrexate injection in the gestational sac. Pregnancy was achieved spontaneously. The patient had previously undergone hysteroscopic myomectomy. By using local, ...

PubMed

153
A Case of Hemorrhagic Necrosis of Ectopic Liver Tissue within the Gallbladder Wall
2011-08-11

Ectopic liver tissue is a rare clinical entity that is mostly asymptomatic and found incidentally. In certain situations, however, patients may present with symptoms of abdominal pain secondary to torsion, compression, obstruction of adjacent organs, or rupture secondary to malignant transformation. Herein, we report a case of a 25-year-old female that ...

PubMed Central

154
Abdominal pregnancies in farm rabbits.
2004-08-01

Abdominal pregnancy is defined as the implantation and development of a fertilized ovum or a embryo in the peritoneal cavity. Although this has been reported in several species, it is considered as a low incidence process. It is classified as a primary abdominal pregnancy, if there is no evidence of uterine ...

PubMed

155
Conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy.
1982-10-01

Fifty-seven conservative surgical procedures for unruptured tubal pregnancy were performed on 54 patients. Salpingotomy was performed in 44 cases and fimbrial expression of the ectopic gestation was performed in 13 cases. In this patient group, 80% of the patients (39 of 49) experienced intrauterine pregnancy following surgery and 71% ...

PubMed

156
GPs should be vigilant for pelvic inflammatory disease.
2011-03-01

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) typically results from ascending infection through the endocervix, from the lower to the upper genital tract. This leads to inflammation of the endometrium, uterus, fallopian tubes, adnexal structures or pelvic peritoneum. PID accounts for one in 60 GP consultations by women under 45. The long-term effects of PID include chronic pelvic pain, subfertility and ...

PubMed

157
Improving automated case finding for ectopic pregnancy using a classification algorithm.
2011-09-12

BACKGROUNDResearch and surveillance work addressing ectopic pregnancy often rely on diagnosis and procedure codes available from automated data sources. However, the use of these codes may result in misclassification of cases. Our aims were to evaluate the accuracy of standard ectopic pregnancy codes; and, through ...

PubMed

158
Effect of methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancy on subsequent pregnancy
2011-01-01

AbstractQuestion My last pregnancy was diagnosed as ectopic, and I was treated successfully with intramuscular methotrexate (MTX) 8 weeks ago. I am currently planning for another pregnancy; however, I have read that MTX causes birth defects and that it stays in my body for a very long time, ranging from 1 to 12 months after treatment. ...

PubMed Central

159
Abdominal splenosis.
2011-08-01

Splenosis is a benign condition caused by an ectopic autotransplantation of splenic tissues after splenic trauma or surgery. It usually occurs within the abdominal and pelvic cavity. Patients are generally asymptomatic and this entity is diagnosed accidentally. However, occasionally extensive abdominal splenosis poses a significant ...

PubMed

160
Predictive value of plasma human chorionic gonadotrophin following assisted conception treatment.
2000-02-01

A total of 429 pregnancies after assisted conception treatment was analysed, using receiver operator characteristic curves. The best balance between sensitivity and specificity for predicting viable (single and multiple births) and non-viable (fetal heart positive abortions, ectopic and biochemical pregnancies) outcomes was human ...

PubMed

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161
Summary of a Review of the Literature: Programs to Promote Chlamydia Screening.
2007-01-01

Chlamydia is among the leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Chlamydia develops into PID in up to 40 percent of untreated women (Rees, 1980; Stamm et al., 1984), and ...

National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

162
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
2011-08-30

PID infections can cause scarring of the pelvic organs, possibly leading to: Chronic pelvic pain Ectopic pregnancy Infertility When to Contact a Medical Professional...

Science.gov Websites

163
Known Health Effects for DES (Diethylstilbestrol) Daughters

... Ectopic (tubal) pregnancy and pre-term (early) delivery. Infertility - Difficulty becoming pregnant. The amount of risk for ... 3-5 times higher for a DES Daughter. Infertility. The most recent and comprehensive infertility study reported ...

MedlinePLUS

164
Female Sterilization: Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy After Tubal Sterilization

... modified: 8/25/06 Content source: Division of Reproductive Health , National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Home Contraception Medical Eligibility ...

MedlinePLUS

165
Ectopic pregnancy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
2011-08-03

Skip navigation MedlinePlus Trusted Health Information for You A service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine From the National Institutes of Health National Institutes of...

Science.gov Websites

166
Ectopic and Molar Pregnancy

... this page It's been added to your dashboard Rate this page Sign in or Sign up to ... of the fertilized egg�s chromosomes (tiny thread-like structures in cells that carry genes) come from the ...

MedlinePLUS

167
Diagnosis and treatment of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy in a combat support hospital during Operation Iraqi Freedom: case report and critique of a field-ready sonographic device.
2004-09-01

This case report describes a novel diagnostic approach for ectopic pregnancy in a combat environment. We diagnosed a ruptured ectopic pregnancy at our combat support hospital by using the SonoSite 180 Plus ultrasound device (SonoSite, Bothell, WA). The live ectopic ...

PubMed

168
CDC - MMWR - MMWR Publications - Surveillance Summary: Past Volume...
2011-09-17

1, 1989 / Vol. 38 / No. SS-2 Ectopic Pregnancy in the United States, 1970-1986 Abortion Surveillance, United States, 1984-1985 August 1, 1989 / Vol. 38 / No. SS-1 Rabies...

Science.gov Websites

169
Assessing the Variability in Time to Treatment in Surgery.
2002-01-01

The purpose of the repor is to determine the relationship of time to worse health outcomes for 3 potentially timesensitive conditions: appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy and intestinal obstruction and assess system, physician & patient factors affecting time...

National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

170
42 CFR 50.308 - Drugs and devices and termination of ectopic pregnancies.
2010-10-01

...Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS POLICIES OF GENERAL APPLICABILITY Abortions and Related Medical Services in Federally Assisted Programs of the Public Health Service § 50.308 Drugs and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010

171
42 CFR 136a.55 - Drugs and devices and termination of ectopic pregnancies.
2010-10-01

...DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH Abortions and Related Medical Services in Indian Health Service Facilities and Indian Health Service Programs § 136a.55...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010

172
32 CFR 732.16 - Emergency care requirements.
2009-07-01

...nonpregnant state. (2) Spontaneous abortion, with first trimester hemorrhage. (3) Premature or term labor with delivery. (4) Severe pre-eclampsia. (5) Hemorrhage, second and third trimester. (6) Ectopic pregnancy...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010

173
Comparison of single-dose and two-dose methotrexate protocols for the treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy.
2011-05-01

Summary The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and success rates of single- and two-dose methotrexate (MTX) protocols for the treatment of unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy. This retrospective study included 87 patients with ectopic pregnancy who were treated with MTX therapy (single-dose protocol: 46 ...

PubMed

174
Placental localization in abdominal pregnancy using technetium-99m-labeled red blood cells
1990-06-01

In a patient with third trimester abdominal pregnancy with fetal demise, technetium-99m-labeled erythrocytes ({sup 99m}Tc-RBCs) localized the placenta preoperatively, after nonvisualization by ultrasonography and arteriography. Extrauterine placental localization by blood-pool imaging may be useful when ultrasound fails.

Energy Citations Database

175
Culdotomy: a method of evaluating the pelvis.
1974-05-01

This report is based on 502 culdotomies performed by the author and his associates. The method is commonly but erroneously called colpotomy . Of the 502 culdotomies, 293 were performed for tubal interruption, 209 were done for diagnosis and other surgical procedures. There were 9 complications, 3 requiring abdominal intervention. The operation is an incision into the ...

PubMed

176
Case-control study of ectopic pregnancies in Myanmar: infectious etiological factors.
2011-03-01

We studied the role of infections in ectopic pregnancy and the different methods of detecting Chlamydia trachomatis infection using serology, cervical and tubal PCR assays, by using a hospital-based, case-control study conducted between November 2007 and September 2009. The sample size was 339 with 113 cases and 226 controls. The cases were women admitted ...

PubMed

177
Angular-Interstitial Pregnancy Treated With Minimally Invasive Surgery After Adjuvant Methotrexate Medical Therapy

Background:Angular-interstitial pregnancy is a rare and potentially dangerous occurrence of ectopic pregnancy for which appropriate treatment has not been established.Methods:A 41-year-old woman with a history of ectopic pregnancy was treated with a combined regimen of conservative treatment ...

PubMed Central

178
Failed Medical Management in Ovarian Pregnancy Despite Favorable Prognostic Factors � A Case Report
2006-05-09

Primary ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy that must be demonstrated with use of 4 Spiegelberg criteria. It is usually diagnosed at laparotomy or laparoscopy, although it may resemble a hemorrhagic corpus luteum. Successful conservative management of ovarian pregnancy with methotrexate has been ...

PubMed Central

179
The hemorheological basis of transfusion therapy in the case of extrauterine pregnancy
1996-05-01

The authors have studied 122 medical histories of extrauterine pregnancies from archives and directly followed up 122 patients who underwent emergency surgery for extrauterine pregnancy. Particular disturbances of rheological properties of blood in patients with ectopic pregnancy are revealed. The authors prove the ...

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

180
Heterotopic gestation: another possibility for the emergency bedside ultrasonographer to consider.
2004-01-01

Emergency bedside ultrasonography has become an important tool in differentiating an intrauterine from an ectopic pregnancy. As the odds of a heterotopic pregnancy were thought to be minute, some ultrasonographers and Emergency Physicians certified in bedside ultrasonography have taught that an intrauterine gestation with fetal heart ...

PubMed

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181
Reproductive outcome after fimbrial evacuation of tubal pregnancy.
1987-03-01

Thirty-one ectopic pregnancies were manually expressed (i.e., "milked out") by the tubal fimbria during a 13-year period. Reproductive histories and operative findings were unremarkable when compared with the general population with ectopic gestation. The subsequent reproductive performance was evaluated in 27 patients who attempted ...

PubMed

182
Desmoid tumor of the abdominal wall: a case report.
2011-07-25

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Desmoid tumors are rare lesions without any metastatic potential but a strong tendency to invade locally and to recur. These tumors are associated with women of fertile age, especially during and after pregnancy. CASE PRESENTATION: The case of a desmoid tumor of the anterior abdominal wall in a 40-year-old Caucasian man with no ...

PubMed

183
Acute pancreatitis during pregnancy.
2011-10-01

Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy is a rare condition estimated to occur in 1 per 1000 to 1 per 12 000 pregnancies. The most frequent etiology in pregnancy is biliary, followed by hyperlipidemia and/or alcohol abuse. Abdominal ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound are ideal imaging techniques for diagnosing disease ...

PubMed

184
Prognostic factors of fimbrial microsurgery.
1986-08-01

From January 1978 to December 1983, 600 infertile women underwent microsurgery for tubal infertility. Only 257 women with the same extent of distal lesions on both sides or with unilateral occlusion (after contralateral salpingectomy) were considered. Patients were classified in four subgroups on the basis of the extent of occlusion. After fimbrioplasty for occlusion of degree I and salpingostomy ...

PubMed

185
Management and outcome of pregnancies associated with the Copper T intrauterine contraceptive device.
1976-12-01

The clinical outcome of 918 pregnancies in women who conceived while using one or another of four models of the Copper T intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is presented. Elective abortion was chosen by 58 per cent of the women. The clinical management and course of 275 women who elected to allow their unplanned pregnancy to continue are described. The ...

PubMed

186
A rare sequel following cornual ectopic pregnancy: a case report
2009-07-14

One of the major concerns following cornual ectopic pregnancy, as shown in this case, is uterine rupture in future pregnancies. Uterine rupture has been described at 20 weeks gestation in a woman who had a cornual pregnancy treated by salpingectomy at 24 weeks, and as such it has been suggested by some experts that ...

PubMed Central

187
Single vaginal ectopic ureter and renal hypoplasia associated with urogenital sinus and abdominal muscular hypoplasia-a novel subtype of prune-belly syndrome in a female child?
2001-05-01

We report a rare case that can be classified as prune-belly syndrome in a female. This patient came to our attention during the 19th week of gestation when massive ascites was found by ultrasound and the mother was transferred to our hospital. After birth, it was demonstrated that the infant had complicated anomalies, including abdominal muscular hypoplasia, urogenital sinus, ...

PubMed

188
Repeated technetium-99m pertechnetate scanning for children with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.
1994-04-01

From 1980 to 1992, we found false negative results from Technetium (Tc)-99m abdominal scans in seven children with massive gastrointestinal bleeding from ectopic gastric mucosae. Other examinations--including endoscopy, gastrointestinal series studies, angiography, and Tc-99m-labeled red blood cell scans to search for the source of the bleeding--were all ...

PubMed

189
Fetal growth in muskoxen determined by transabdominal ultrasonography.
1994-07-01

A 5 MHz commercial sector scanner was used to monitor 13 muskox pregnancies and establish normal fetal growth curves. Examinations were carried out between 40 and 197 days of gestation and pregnancy could be detected throughout the period. Early pregnancies were found by scanning lateral to the udder but as ...

PubMed Central

190
Laparoscopic treatment of tubal pregnancy.
1987-02-01

Seventeen tubal pregnancies were treated successfully with a laparoscopic procedure over the past four years. Four different laparoscopic techniques were used: salpingectomy, partial salpingectomy (midtube resection), fimbrial expression, and salpingotomy. "Preventive hemostasis" using vasopressin has made salpingotomy our treatment method of choice. Ruptured tubal ...

PubMed

191
Synchronous ectopic pancreatoblastoma in a child: a case report.
2011-05-18

Pancreatoblastoma is a rare primary pancreatic neoplasm of children that may arise in any portion of the pancreas. We report a case of a 3-yr-old boy who presented to with abdominal pain our hospital and a progressive bulge in his right abdomen. Biochemical evaluation and serum levels of tumoral markers were within reference limits. On the computed tomography, two tumors were ...

PubMed

192
Synchronous Ectopic Pancreatoblastoma in a Child: A Case Report
2011-06-18

Pancreatoblastoma is a rare primary pancreatic neoplasm of children that may arise in any portion of the pancreas. We report a case of a 3-yr-old boy who presented to with abdominal pain our hospital and a progressive bulge in his right abdomen. Biochemical evaluation and serum levels of tumoral markers were within reference limits. On the computed tomography, two tumors were ...

PubMed Central

193
Rev 07/10 1

: ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Have you ever been tested for: Tay-Sachs, Sickle Cell Anemia, or Thalassemia? Yes No If yes, which one diseases: Hemophilia ____ ____ Anemia ____ ____ Sickle Cell Anemia ____ ____ Leukemia: ...

E-print Network

194
Parents' Grief Following Pregnancy Loss: A Comparison of Mothers and Fathers.
1991-12-01

Examined gender differences in bereavement following miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Interviewed 56 couples using Perinatal Grief Scale. Women scored significantly higher than men on most dimensions of grief at two months, one year, and two years postloss, except on dimension indicating most serious consequences of grief. ...

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

195
Intervention to Decrease Risk for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and the Associated Negative Reproductive Health Outcomes in Women Aboard Ships: A Biopsychosocial Approach.
2001-01-01

Unintended pregnancies (UlPs) and STDs with their seguelee of ectopic pregnancy continue to be epidemic among active duty enlisted women. Such reproductive health problems result in major morbidity among affected women as well as posing a potential threat...

National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

196
Intervention to Decrease Risk for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and the Associated Negative Reproductive Health Outcomes in Women Aboard Ships: A Biopsychosocial Approach.
2000-01-01

Unintended pregnancies (UIPs) and STDs with their sequelae of ectopic pregnancy continue to be epidemic among active duty enlisted women. Such reproductive health problems result in major morbidity among affected women as well as posing a potential threat...

National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

197
Explaining Pregnancy Loss: Parents' and Physicians' Attributions.
1990-12-01

Asked 138 females and 56 of their male partners to explain why they believed their spontaneous abortion, fetal or neonatal death, or ectopic pregnancy occurred. Explanations for loss included blaming mother, physical problems with mother or fetus, fate, or no explanation. Physicians' explanations related to gestational age of fetus, although similar ...

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

198
Clinical outcome of frozen blastocyst transfer; single vs. double transfer
2008-11-07

PurposeFrozen embryo transfer has been established as an indispensable ART procedure for both the effective use of surplus embryos and the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The frequency of frozen embryo transfer is increasing in our clinic, and we report that frozen embryo transfer is effective for patients with repeat failures. We present our clinical outcome of frozen blastocyst ...

PubMed Central

199
Clinical Study of Transport Fresh Embryo Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer

... of blastomere viability, embryo viability, embryo transfer, pregnancy, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy, were made using Fisher's ... 13.7% (35/256) per thaw cycle; the miscarriage rate was 31.4% (11/35...

NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure

200
Assessing tubal damage

The fallopian tube plays an important role in the mechanical transport and physiological sustenance of the gametes and early conceptus. Complex and coordinated neuromuscular activity, cilial action and endocrine secretions are required for successful tubal function. Compromised tubal damage can occur after external or internal injury, inhibiting the normal transport of gametes. The overall ...

PubMed Central

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