Two pediatric patients with salmonella infections (one with typhoid fever and the second with salmonella C2 gastroenteritis), had a diffuse abdominal uptake of Ga-67 citrate. The possible explanation for this finding is discussed. Salmonella infection should be included as a cause in the differential diagnosis of diffuse accumulation of Ga-67 ...

Fifty patients with suspected abdominal abscesses were examined by [67Ga[ Gallium citrate imaging and abdominal sonography. Fifteen of the patients had a proven intra-abdominal abscess; Gallium-67 images were positive in 13 (87%), while the sonogram detected the abscess in ...

Fifty patients with suspected abdominal abscesses were examined by (/sup 67/Ga) Gallium citrate imaging and abdominal sonography. Fifteen of the patients had a proven intra-abdominal abscess; Gallium-67 images were positive in 13 (87 percent), while the sonogram detected ...

Gallium 67 citrate scanning has recently been introduced in the detection and localization of neoplastic and inflammatory processes. The unexpected accumulation of the radionuclide within a large benign umbilical hernia from a patient with endometrial adenocarcinoma in situ is presented. Careful clinical evaluation and the need of ...

Gallium 67 citrate scanning has recently been introduced in the detection and localization of malignant and inflammatory pelvic processes. A total of 26 obstetrical and gynecological patients with proven benign and noninflammatory pelvic processes were injected with gallium 67 ...

Gallium-67 citrate is an effective imaging agent for the evaluation of lesions of the chest, but is nonspecific in the differential diagnosis of the underlying disease process. We recently encountered two cases of mesothelioma in which Ga-67 concentration helped to define the extent of the disease.

Four septic patients with suspected subphrenic abscesses were evaluated with gallium-67 citrate and technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Gallium- 67 scintigraphs proved instrumental in correctly diagnosing and localizing one left and three right subphrenic abscesses. Gallium-67 ...

Four septic patients with suspected subphrenic abscess were evaluated with gallium-67 citrate and technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Gallium-67 scintigraphs proved instrumental in correctly diagnosing and localizing one left and three right subphrenic abscesses. Gallium-67 ...

Scintigraphy has demonstrated gallium-67 accumulation within the heart in pericarditis and cardiomyopathies of various kinds. We present a case report of a 63-yr-old man with multisystem disease who showed extensive myocardial uptake of Ga-67 by scintigraphy. At autopsy, constrictive pericarditis with myocardial fibrosis was found. ...

Diffuse lung uptake of gallium-67 citrate was observed in a child with subsequently proven extrinsic hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to exposure to bird droppings.

An abnormal accumulation of radionuclide was identified within the right juxtadiaphragmatic and juxtahepatic spaces during gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy in a post-pyeloplasty patient. Its mode of presentation, the recent pyeloplasty and the known biologic distribution of gallium suggested that it represented ...

In 140 patients with suspected intraabdominal abscess, studies were made using gallium-67 citrate and technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Gallium-67 scintigrams correctly localized 52 of 56 intraabdominal abscesses confirmed at surgical operation or necropsy. In an additional 20 ...

In 140 patients with suspected intraabdominal abscess, studies were made using gallium-67 citrate and technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Gallium-67 scintigrams correctly localized 52 of 56 intraabdominal abscesses confirmed at surgical operation or necropsy. In an additional 20 ...

Gallium-67 citrate has gained wide use, although it has not been accepted as a routine test in nuclear medicine because of the variability of uptake in bowel, liver, spleen, and bone marrow and the nonspecificity of gallium for tumors. Despite the pitfalls, valuable clinical information can be obtained in a noninvasive fashion ...

Postoperative infections of synthetic vascular grafts are seldom diagnosed by conventional radiographic methods, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Gallium-67 scintigraphy was included in the diagnostic evaluation of five patients with suspected vascular graft infections. Abnormal accumulation of the radionuclide around the graft was present in all ...

A whole-body gallium-67 (Ga-67) scan of a 61-y-old male with diabetes mellitus who suffered from endogenous Klebsiella endophthalmitis is reported. The scan revealed right orbital and lower abdominal lesions. Urinary analysis revealed pyuria. The causes of endogenous Klebsiella endophthalmitis and the usefulness of Ga-67 are discussed. ...

For ophthalmologists scintigraphy appears as a simple method to detect endoocular or endoorbital abnormalities. However none of the many scintigraphic methods described seems reliable enough to be used alone. One of the latest isotopic explorations using ...

A case of increased Ga-67 uptake in a patient with active acne vulgaris is reported. The scan was requested in a search for metastatic testicular carcinoma or bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. Careful clinical evaluation including physical examination was necessary in order to avoid an erroneous scan interpretation.

Thirty-four children with presumptive acute osteomyelitis or septic arthritis underwent early gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy and have been retrospectively reviewed. Diagnostic accuracy using this technique was 91%. Gallium-67 citrate is a more reliable radiopharmaceutical ...

Fifteen patients with a suspected abdominal abscess were examined by both gallium-67 and computed tomographic scanning. The Ga-67 scan was a useful screening examination, correctly identifying all eight cases of infection, whereas the CT scan missed one case of a pericecal phlegmon. Misdiagnosis of infection by Ga-67 scan occurred in ...

Hepatic angiosarcoma has recently received much attention because of its relationship to known causative agents such as vinyl chloride, thorotrast, and arsenic. Uptake of gallium-67 citrate by primary malignant epithelial tumors like hepatoma is a well-known fact. Recently uptake of Ga-67 citrate by hepatocholangiocarcima has been reported. The authors ...

A patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis and right peritracheal and hilar lymphadenopathy was studied using gallium-67-citrate. No abnormal uptake was seen in the regions of retroperitoneal fibrosis, while there was avid uptake in chest lesions later shown to represent small cell lung carcinoma. Retroperitoneal fibrosis which does not ...

In the unoperated abdomen the anatomic information supplied by CT scanning is usually conducive to a correct diagnosis. The situation is somewhat different in the postoperative patient. Changes in anatomic relationships, loss of landmarks, artifacts, ''ghosts'' and fluid accumulations at times make it necessary to complement the anatomic data with functional ...

Conventional gallium scans are not useful to evaluate patients with metastatic melanoma. We evaluated a new method of tomographic gallium imaging. One hundred fourteen tomographic scans were obtained in a prospective surveillance study of 67 patients over a 3-year period. Scans were evaluated and compared to findings of independent clinical evaluations. Sensitivity of gallium identification of ...

Conventional gallium scans are not useful to evaluate patients with metastatic melanoma. We evaluated a new method of tomographic gallium imaging. One hundred fourteen tomographic scans were obtained in a prospective surveillance study of 67 patients over a 3-year period. Scans were evaluated and compared to findings of independent clinical evaluations. Sensitivity of gallium identification of ...

Conventional gallium scans are not useful to evaluate patients with metastatic melanoma. We evaluated a new method of tomographic gallium imaging. One hundred fourteen tomographic scans were obtained in a prospective surveillance study of 67 patients over a 3-year period. Scans were evaluated and compared to findings of independent clinical evaluations. Sensitivity of gallium identification of ...

Conventional gallium scans are not useful to evaluate patients with metastatic melanoma. We evaluated a new method of tomographic gallium imaging. One hundred fourteen tomographic scans were obtained in a prospective surveillance study of 67 patients over a 3-year period. Scans were evaluated and compared to findings of independent clinical evaluations. Sensitivity of gallium identification of ...

Gallium-67 citrate scans were obtained in 11 patients considered at risk for extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Radiographic and bacteriologic studies were performed routinely and tissue biopsy selectively. Of five patients with proven extrapulmonary tuberculosis, there were three with renal tuberculosis, one with Pott's disease, ...

An 80-year-old woman, who had suffered from end-stage renal disease under peritoneal dialysis, was presented with intermittent fever, leukocytosis, and elevated C-reactive protein for 4 months. She did not have symptom of abdominal pain. Culture of ascites showed Klebsiella pneumoniae. Abdominal utrasonography was negative. Whole-body ...

Gallium-67 imaging is useful for detecting of intra-abdominal inflammation, including subphrenic abscesses, postoperative infection, pyelonephritis or perinephric abscesses, and peritonitis. Positive images may be obtained within several hours of injection, but are more reliable at 24 hr. The results may be used to guide ultrasound or ...

Gallium-67 citrate studies from four patients who received multiple red blood cell transfusions were reviewed. Increased kidney, bladder or bone localization was associated with decreased liver and colon activity. The findings suggest altered distribution due to competition with iron for receptor binding. Identification of inflammatory ...

Gallium-67 citrate studies from four patients who received multiple red blood cell transfusions were reviewed. Increased kidney, bladder, or bone localization was associated with decreased liver and colon activity. The findings suggest altered distribution due to competition with iron for receptor binding. Identification of ...

Technetium-99m bone scanning reveals a spectrum of findings in the diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. Both cold and hot abnormalities are found. Gallium-67 citrate imaging is recommended when /sup 99m/Tc phosphate scans are inconclusive.

A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with pleural effusion was presented. Pleural effusion is not a common manifestation of this disease and 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy gave the clue for the diagnosis. The possibility of malignant lymphoma should be considered in cases with pleural effusion, and we showed that 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy can be useful in a case ...

Gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy was performed in 33 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 25 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Three hundred twenty-eight sites of potential involvement were investigated. Confirmation of involvement was made by physical examination, roentgenographic evaluation and ...

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of leukemia in childhood and accounts for 85% of cases. ALL frequently presents as an infectious process with an abrupt onset of high fever. Thyroid disease has been reported to have a strong association with acute leukemia. Gallium (Ga-67) citrate has been used in the investigation of patients labeled as having ...

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of leukemia in childhood and accounts for 85% of cases. ALL frequently presents as an infectious process with an abrupt onset of high fever. Thyroid disease has been reported to have a strong association with acute leukemia. Gallium (Ga-67) citrate has been used in the investigation of patients labeled as having ...

We report a case of idiopathic pericarditis in a 71-year-old woman without a friction rub or electrocardiographic changes suggestive of pericardial inflammation. She noticed dyspnea and palpitation on exertion about 40 days before admission. After admission, pericardial effusion and inflammatory reactions, such as elevated C-reactive protein, were found. Moreover, ...

This report summarizes the experiences of the Oak Ridge Associated Universities Cooperative Group with the scanning of head and neck cancer using carrier-free gallium-67 citrate. Central nervous system and thyroid tumors and lymphomas were excluded. Fifty-six percent of primary head and neck tumors and their metastases were detected in ...

A septic course suggestive of intra-abdominal abscess followed surgery in a small child with a perforated appendix. Usual diagnostic studies, fluoroscopy, and rectal and wound exploration failed to localize an abscess. The use of gallium 67 scanning accurately localized multiple abscesses which were successfully drained.

In gallium scanning for abdominal inflammatory disease, early imaging has been advocated so physiological activity within the bowel will not be confused with pathologic uptake. The normal physiologic pattern of bowel uptake is not desribed in the literature. Our study was undertaken to evaluate the frequency and patterns of gallium-67 bowel activity which may occur when early ...

Gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy has been used to indicate the extent of bone involvement in patients with Paget's disease of bone and is an excellent marker in monitoring the effects of specific therapy. Since gallium uptake is dependent on cellular function, autoradiographic techniques can be applied to cells of ...

OBJECTIVE--To detect myocardial involvement in 16 patients with systemic sclerosis using radiogallium scintigraphy METHODS--Sixteen patients with systemic sclerosis were investigated by myocardial gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy. Echocardiographic studies and (in the positive cases) magnetic resonance imaging were also performed. ...

Avid /sup 67/Ga-citrate uptake was observed in a malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mediastinum. The relationship of the tumor to the heart and liver was shown by /sup 99m/Tc-sulfur colloid liver-spleen scanning and /sup 99m/Tc-pertechnetate angiography performed in conjunction with a /sup 67/Ga-citrate whole-body scan. This is the first report of /sup ...

Constipation and gastroparesis are gastrointestinal tract disorders that can be assessed by using radioactive markers in conjunction with scintigraphic techniques. Indium-111-DTPA is the radiopharmaceutical of choice for treating colonic transit in constipated patients, but it is an expensive product and its availability has been unreliable. Indium-113m-DTPA was the tracer used in our study to ...

Gallium-67-citrate whole-body scintigraphy was incorporated into the evaluation of 125 patients with primary and metastatic breast carcinoma. A prospective analysis of these patients demonstrated gallium scanning to be limited in its corroborative value and of practical use only in detecting metastatic breast carcinoma in the ...

Gallium-67 citrate has been useful in providing scintigraphic evidence for pericarditis and myocarditis. However, the differentiation between pericardial and myocardial localization is difficult with planar images alone. SPECT can be valuable in making these distinctions, and a case of myocarditis is presented in which uptake of ...

The biodistribution of over 30 radiopharmaceuticals thought to be tumor-seeking agents were studied using hamsters and mice. Several radiopharmaceuticals were found to be appropriate as melanoma localizing agents. Results with modified dual pinhole collimator and a pigment affinic agent (iodine-123 labeled quinoline) and a non-specific tumor seeking agent ...

Tumor involvement of the heart is often found in post-mortem examination of patients who died of widespread malignancy. Recently, we saw four patients who had intense gallium uptake in the region of the heart. All of them had some cardiac symptoms and abnormal physical findings. Tumor was found in the pericardium and myocardium in all three patients who received necropsy.

Gallium citrate scanning at 6 hr was used to evaluate a patient with active ulcerative colitis. The localization of /sup 67/Ga in the colon correlated with the extent of the inflammatory process. When either colonoscopy or radiographic contrast studies are contraindicated, /sup 67/Ga scanning at 6 hr may prove useful in the evaluation of active inflammatory bowel disease.

An unusual case is presented of bilateral breast uptake of (/sup 67/Ga)citrate in a patient with a hypothalamic granuloma in the absence of galactorrhea is presented. A possible mechanism for this incidental finding is elevated prolactin levels, as other causes of gallium breast uptake such as drug therapy, and intrinsic breast disease, were not present.

Significant interference with the accurate measurement of anti-DNA antibodies occurs after gallium-67 scanning. The observed effect is dependent on the radioimmunoassay used. False-negative results are observed with a modified Farr assay whereas false-positive results are noted in the millipore filter assay. These spurious values are the result of ...

Gallium-67 first gained recognition as a possible tumor-specific scanning agent in epithelial and reticuloendothelial neoplasms. Recent reports have described localization of this isotope in various nonmalignant disease states including acute inflammatory processes and chronic granulomatous diseases. A case is presented of /sup ...

Myocardial gallium-67 imaging may be valuable in the diagnosis of inflammatory lesions of the heart. Myocardial gallium-67 localization in 3 patients with suspect inflammatory disease was described. (RJC)

Gallium-67 citrate has been found to be extremely useful for detection of inflammatory disease. In the skeletal system it complements the /sup 99m/Tc-phosphate compounds in differentiating periarticular osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and cellulitis. Gallium is particularly useful in documenting successful treatment of bone infection ...

Since its introduction in 1969, /sup 67/Ga has become the most widely employed tumor-scanning agent in nuclear medicine. While /sup 67/Ga is far from being the ideal tumor-scanning agent, it remains the best available isotope for this purpose. Gallium-67-citrate has been found to be of value in the staging and reevaluation of lymphomas ...

Gallium-67 (⁶⁷Ga) citrate was administered intravenously (50 microcuries per kg of body weight) to patients in whom acute and chronic urinary tract infections were suspected. Scanning was done, using both the Anger-type scintillation camera and the rectilinear scanner, 24 to 78 hours after injection of the ...

Cerebral scans were obtained on 30 ''stroke'' patients first with /sup 99m/Tc pertechnetate and subsequently with /sup 67/Ga citrate. Of the 26 patients with abnormal /sup 99m/Tc static scans, 17 (65 percent) showed the same abnormality in gallium citrate scans also. In 4 patients with positive technetium flow studies ...

Detection of all sites of lymphoma is imperative for accurate planning of radiation therapy. In patients with Hodgkin disease, mantle radiation is used to treat the thoracic lymph nodes; in those with early-stage or nonbulky disease, mantle and paraaortic radiation may be the only treatment given. CT scanning of the chest adds important information to that obtained from chest radiographs. ...

This study was designed to evaluate the role and effectiveness of gallium 67 imaging in the diagnosis of acute myocarditis that mimics acute myocardial infarction. Of 315 consecutive acute myocardial infarction patients admitted to our institution over a 4-year period, 5 (2 men, 3 women) were suspected of having acute myocarditis. These 5 patients ranged ...

This study was designed to evaluate the role and effectiveness of gallium 67 imaging in the diagnosis of acute myocarditis that mimics acute myocardial infarction. Of 315 consecutive acute myocardial infarction patients admitted to our institution over a 4-year period, 5 (2 men, 3 women) were suspected of having acute myocarditis. These 5 patients ranged ...

The aim of this study was to compare gallium-67 citrate lung imaging with the pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-DTPA (technetium 99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) in 9 patients with amiodarone pneumonitis (8 males and 1 female, aged 58 to 76 years). The diagnosis of amiodarone pneumonitis was based on clinical and radiological grounds ...

Using both Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate and gallium-67 citrate, images of the lower extremities in New Zealand white rabbits were obtained on sequential days after inoculation of tibias with Staphylococcus aureus. Gallium-67 scintigraphy was positive earlier in the course of infection than Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy. In addition to 4-hr ...

The diagnosis of osteomyelitis is still established by a high index of suspicion and indirect clinical evidence. Because of its inaccuracy, such a diagnostic routine may delay therapy while the infection continues to destroy bone. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether postoperative osteomyelitis or the exacerbation of chronic osteomyelitis could be diagnosed by the intravenous ...

A frontal tomographic whole-body gallium-67-citrate scan was performed on 30 patients with renal cell carcinoma. Positive gallium uptake by the kidney in 20 patients (66.7%) correlated well with the clinicopathologically higher stage and grade of the tumor and with abnormal values in prognostic indexes in the blood. Thus, a negative ...

Gallium-67, when injected into the body, is an important diagnostic aid for a variety of diseases. Because it is excreted by the liver into the bowel where accumulation of it can interfere with interpretation of abdominal and pelvic areas, adequate bowel cleansing is necessary. A study comparing three methods of bowel preparation ...

Eight cases of pulmonary embolism were evaluated with Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy. Of the eight patients, all but one showed evidence of abnormal Ga-67 citrate localization within involved regions of the lung as demonstrated by ventilation-perfusion lung scintigraphy. The sole patient who did not demonstrate Ga-67 localization within the lung had marked ...

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the localization of carrier-free /sup 67/gallium citrate in a variety of human tumors using electron microscopic autoradiography. Multiorgan surgical specimens were obtained from 76 patients with a variety of tumors 24 to 96 hours following intravenous administration of 45 microcuries per kilogram of body weight of carrier-free ...

A retrospective study was made of 29 consecutive patients who were evaluated for suspected abdominal abscess by at least two of three imaging modalities: gallium-67 scanning, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. No statistically significant difference in accuracy of the findings could be demonstrated. Consideration of the ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of technetium-99m-labeled polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes (99mTc-PEG liposomes) and technetium-99m-labeled nonspecific human immunoglobulin G (99mTc-HYNIC IgG) for the scintigraphic detection of experimental intraabdominal abscesses in comparison with that of a standard agent, gallium-67 ...

We report an analysis of the results obtained in our first 100 studies with indium-111-oxine labelled leukocyte scintigraphy, a diagnostic technique which has recently become available for clinical evaluation within Australia. We used this technique to assess patients with suspected sepsis or inflammation after other commonly used investigations had failed to confirm a diagnosis. Four patient ...

Whole-body scanning using gallium-67-citrate gave consistently accurate tumour localisation in patients with seminoma of the testis. Thirteen out of 15 scans performed in patients with disseminated seminoma in relapse gave good imaging in all disease areas. Scans in patients with teratoma of the testis were less consistently positive; ...

Bowel preparation before gallium-67 scanning often conists of cathartics, enemas, and a liquid or low-residue diet. Since human bile has approximately one-third the gallium concentration of the liver, the diet is presumably designed to minimize biliary excretion of gallium into the gut. To determine the actual biliary contribution to fecal gallium, the ...

Gallium-67-citrate and /sup 99m/Tc-sulfur colloid scans were performed in 38 South African blacks with primary hepatocellular cancer. Selective uptake of the radionuclide by the tumor occurred in 27 patients (70 percent). In 12 out of 18 patients with associated cirrhosis, $sup 67$Ga was concentrated in the defect or defects ...

In order to evaluate its usefulness in the assessment of radiation pneumonitis, gallium-67 citrate (67Ga) imaging was performed before and after radiation therapy (RT) on 103 patients with lung cancer. In 23 patients with radiation pneumonitis detected radiographically, abnormal 67Ga uptake in sites other than tumors was found in all ...

Gallium 67 citrate scans and serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels were obtained in 54 patients with sarcoidosis and analyzed in relation to clinical manifestations. 67Ga scans were abnormal in 97% of patients with clinically active disease (n = 30) and in 71% of patients with inactive disease (n = 24). Serum ACE levels were ...

Gallium 67 citrate scans and serum angiotension converting enzyme (ACE) levels were obtained in 54 patients with sarcoidosis and analyzed in relation to clinical manifestation. /sup 67/Ga scans were abnormal in 97% of patients with clinically active disease (n = 30) and in 71% of patients with inactive disease (n = 24). Serum ACE ...

Gallium-67 citrate imaging was carried out in 59 children from 3 mo to 20 yr of age. Indications for the study included the search for occult inflammatory disease and the detection and staging of malignant disease. The Ga-67 citrate scan had a 96% reliability in confirming or excluding the site of purulent material ...

We studied 59 patients presumed to have pulmonary tuberculosis to determine whether gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy could improve diagnostic accuracy and help clinical decision making for empiric treatment pending culture results. The sensitivity of 67Ga scintigraphy was 95% and the specificity 27%. Our positive predictive value of 69% ...

The efficacy of gallium-67 citrate in detecting specific tumors is discussed. Tumors in which gallium-67 imaging is useful as a diagnostic tool include Hodgkin's disease, histiocystic lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, hepatoma melanoma, and leukemia. It has not been found to be effective in diagnosing head and neck ...

Twenty-four patients with a history of post-traumatic fracture nonunion underwent sequential /sup 99m/Tc and /sup 67/Ga citrate scintigraphy in an attempt to differentiate between posttraumatic fracture nonunion and nonunion complicated by subclinical osteomyelitis. Neither technetium nor gallium studies alone nor in combination, with or without clinical correlation, could ...

A 52-year-old woman presented with fever, goiter, and no evidence of pain or tenderness in the thyroid. A diagnosis of silent thyroiditis was made after obtaining evidence of biochemical thyrotoxicosis, intense gallium-67 citrate thyroidal localization, and cytologic thyroiditis. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid revealed ...

The challenge of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for nuclear medicine has been the early detection of related intrathoracic opportunistic infections, inflammatory conditions, and neoplasms. Gallium-67 citrate scanning has proved a sensitive test not only for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia but for many of the other ...

Leiomyosarcoma of the large intestine, excluding the rectum, is a rare lesion and only 58 cases have been previously reported. Significant uptake of radioactivity of gallium-67 to the tumor has not been reported and this report may be the first case. Although preoperative diagnosis is considered to be difficult, barium enema study and colonofiberscopy disclosed the findings suggesting extracolic ...

We performed the biodistribution and imaging studies of /sup 111/In and /sup 67/Ga labeled tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl) porphine, (T4NMPYP), and compared it to that of /sup 67/Ga citrate in athymic mice bearing a human melanoma xenograft. The biodistribution results of both /sup 111/In and /sup 67/Ga labeled T4NMPYP (3, 6, 24, and 48 hours) were similar but differed from that of ...

Gallium-67 scans were performed on 26 patients with known malignancies. In 23 patients with a wide variety of primary neoplasms, the presence of tumor was detected in 13 out of 40 known tumor sites. Results were considered poor. The remaining 13 patients had lymphomatous disease and had an over-all detection rate of 17 out of 35 known regions of ...

Gallium citrate Ga67 scanning of the head and thorax of 3 patients with sarcoidosis is presented. Two patients had a progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis of recent onset and in one patient, with a chronic course of the disease, the lung changes had resolved. All 3 patients had a conjunctival sarcoid change confirmed by biopsy and a lacrimal gland affection suggested by clinical ...

Appropriate therapy of malignant lymphomas requires a careful staging, which means an accurate knowledge of the extent of a patient's disease. The diagnostic procedures that can be performed in addition to an accurate clinical study are numerous and include local excision biopsy of lymph nodes, roentgenograms of the chest and skeleton, bipedal lymphography, bone marrow biopsy, ...

All gallium-67 citrate scans obtained in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Md.) were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with the results of bronchoscopy, chest radiography, and endoscopy. There were 164 scans of 95 patients. Twenty scans were ...

Although gallium-67 was initially used for tumor imaging, clinical studies suggested its potential use as a method of detecting occult inflammatory lesions. The demonstration of diffuse myocardial uptake of gallium-67 during Lyme disease myocarditis is co...

In order to evaluate the clinical utility of sequential technetium-99m HMDP-gallium-67 scanning in patients with painful orthopedic prosthesis, a retrospective review was made of 154 sequential scans performed in 130 patients. Criteria for a positive study included spatially incongruent gallium-technetium uptake or gallium uptake that was congruent but ...

Quantitative conjugate-view external counting techniques were applied to estimate the radiation dose to the liver, spleen, and metaphyseal growth complexes (distal femur and proximal tibia) for ten pediatric patients undergoing gallium-67 scanning procedures. The effective half-life of Ga 67 in these organs was approximately 78 hours. The dose per unit of ...

Gallium-67 scintigraphy is a valuable test together with other screening tests such as alpha feto-protein (AFP) and other imaging modalities in following up recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Three patients were followed in our institution for intervals varying from 2-24 mo after successful resection of uninodular localized hepatomas. In the first ...

To document the extent and persistence of traumatic inflammation after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), 15 patients were randomly chosen to have either 67gallium (67Ga)-citrate or 111indium (111In)-oxine scans within 24 to 48 hours of ESWL. Positive scans were repeated at 8 to 12 weeks. Nine patients had renal calculi, and ...

Mycotic aneurysms of the abdominal aorta are uncommon, but potentially lethal problems. Clinical subtleties may suggest their presence, but in the past, definitive diagnosis has been dependent on surgical exploration or autopsy findings. A case is presented in which 67-gallium citrate abdominal scanning localized the site of sepsis in ...

Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is increasingly used to diagnose, characterize, and monitor disease activity in the setting of inflammatory disorders of known and unknown etiology. These disorders include sarcoidosis, atherosclerosis, vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and ...

Deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), given to rabbits 20 min after gallium-67 citrate, induces prompt and rapid urinary excretion of Ga-67 activity with concommitant decrease in blood and muscle activity. When DFO is given after 2 hr or later, the effect is smaller (15% decrease in blood activity compared with 50%). In abscess-bearing rats the ...

Seven patients with Gardner's syndrome--familial polyposis, desmoid tumors, and extracolonic manifestations--underwent gallium 67 (67Ga) scintigraphy. Gallium 67 was taken up by all desmoid tumors and skull osteomas. Three patients were considered clinically disease-free and scintigraphy was normal. ...

Seven patients with Gardner's syndrome--familial polyposis, desmoid tumors, and extracolonic manifestations--underwent gallium 67 (/sup 67/Ga) scintigraphy. Gallium 67 was taken up by all desmoid tumors and skull osteomas. Three patients were considered clinically disease-free and scintigraphy was normal. ...

We present a 57-year-old man who had low-grade fever and painful, swollen and erythematous ears. Gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy (gallium scan) performed prior to the commencement of treatment showed increased gallium uptake in bilateral external ears, neck, mediastinum and bilateral pulmonary hili. The results of ultrasonography of ...

A case of a 23-year-old man with an encapsulated, anaerobic splenic abscess is reported. Both the In-111 leukocyte and Tc-99m sulfur colloid scans demonstrated an intrasplenic defect. The Ga-67 citrate scan revealed uptake in the rim of the abscess only where the abscess cavity was relatively photon-deficient. The combined Tc-99m sulfur colloid/In-111 leukocyte/Ga-67 scan ...

The febrile child with a painful bone or joint still presents a difficult pediatric diagnostic problem. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and cellulitis are the most common causes of this symptom. Thirty-seven patients with these disorders were studied. Because findings from technetium-99m phosphate bone scans and roentgenograms are often normal in patients in the early stages of ...

The febrile child with a painful bone or joint still presents a difficult pediatric diagnostic problem. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and cellulitis are the most common causes of this symptom. Thirty-seven patients with these disorders were studied. Because findings from technetium-99m phosphate bone scans and roentgenograms are often normal in patients in the early stages of ...

Gallium 67 citrate was evaluated with conventional scanning and emission computed tomography (CT) scanning as a method of pretreatment staging of the intrathoracic, especially mediastinal, spread of lung cancer. Of 31 patients with tumours of various histological types, the isotope was concentrated in the primary lesion in all but one. ...

Using the transplantable Yoshida sarcoma in the rat, radiation activity concentrations were determined in tumor, blood, and muscle at various times for / sup 67/Ga-citrate, /sup 99m/Tc-pertechnetate, /sup 75/Seselenite, /sup 203/HgCl/ sub 2/, /sup 197/Hg-H-albumin, /sup 197/Hg-BMHP, /sup 20 3/Hg-chlormerodrin, and / sup 131/I-H-albumin. ...

The clinical use and mechanisms of action of technetium 99m pyrophosphate, gallium 67 citrate, and indium 111 oxine have been presented. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the lower extremity can often be made on the basis of clinical, laboratory, and conventional radiographic evaluations. In the case report of diabetic osteolysis, ...

A 3-wk-old male, with abdominal distention and severe hypoproteinemia from poor nutrition, underwent a study that showed a persistent diffuse abdominal uptake of Ga-67 citrate, indicating pyogenic or tuberculous peritonitis. However, there were no corresponding clinical or laboratory findings. After a 1-wk course of hyperalimentation ...

Radioactive gallium-67 has been employed as a diagnostic and follow-up agent for cancer therapy. Currently gallium nitrate is undergoing Phase I clinical studies. A million fold increase in the concentration of the carrier gallium citrate over the range of carrier-free gallium-67 (pgm) to 1.0 ...

The aim of this study was to compare the value of scintigraphy using technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) with that of scintigraphy using gallium-67 citrate in the assessment of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and to relate these results with those of CT scan and MRI. Fifty-eight patients were included either ...

The evaluation of patients with suspected abdominal abscesses begins with a history and careful physical examination. Gallium-67 (/sup 67/Ga) scintigraphy, ultrasonography (US), and computed tomography (CT) are utilized only after other routine investigations have failed to localize the abscess. All three modalities are reliable for ...

A 23 year-old black male with homozygous sickle cell disease (Hb SS disease) and transfusional iron overload was admitted for evaluation of response to intravenous deferoxamine (DFO) therapy. Soon after admission, the patient suffered an intraventricular hemorrhage and during his subsequent hospitalization developed a persistent fever of undetermined origin (f.u.o.). Included in the diagnostic ...

Fifty consecutive patients in whom occult primary malignant disease was suspected underwent scintiscanning of the head, neck and trunk with gallium-67-citrate. In 17 patients a carcinoma was correctly identified as to presence and approximate location. In another seven patients the site of the primary tumour was identified from the scan and confirmed by radiologic study but no ...

Gallium citrate Ga 67 (/sup 67/Ga) scans were performed in 50 consecutive lymphoma patients who underwent routine staging. The overall accuracy of /sup 67/Ga scans was greater than 80 percent for all nodal sites except the spleen (68 percent). Sensitivity was greater than 88 percent in the neck and mediastinum, 67 percent in the abdomen-pelvis, and 33 percent for the spleen. ...

Dual tracer scintigraphy (DTS) (technetium 99m (/sup 99m/Tc) sulfur colloid and gallium 67 citrate (67-gallium citrate)) of the liver and computer subtraction studies (SS) were performed in 26 patients subsequently proven to have hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 32 patients with cirrhosis and focal defects on the ...

Gallium is presently used in the diagnosis of inflammatory, granulomatous, and neoplastic lung disease despite its many logistical problems. In contrast, thallium-201 scintigraphy, which was initially developed for myocardial imaging, offers the principal advantage of immediate imaging and diagnosis although it had not been investigated previously for use in pulmonary disease. In this study, ...

Indium-111 is currently the radionuclide of choice for colonic transit study. However, it is expensive and not available in many hospitals. Technetium-99m has been proposed for colonic transit study but the short half-life has limited its use. Gallium-67 citrate is inexpensive and available in most countries. Most importantly, it has a ...

Nineteen patients bearing focal defects on the liver scans with radiocolloid were studied with /sup 67/Ga-citrate. Images of the liver were obtained 48 to 72 hrs after injection of 1 to 2 mCi of /sup 67/Gacitrate intravenously. A scintillation camera (Pho/Gamma III) was used, and all images were recorded on Polaroid films. In addition to the conventional Polaroid ...

The case of a patient in whom pulmonary calcification appeared rapidly, accompanied by diffuse gallium-67 uptake in the lungs is reported. This finding, associated with metastatic calcification in the absence of inflammation or neoplasm, has not been previously reported.

A retrospective analysis of the results of /sup 67/Ga citrate radionuclide imaging and computed tomography (CT) in 45 patients with suspected abdominal abscess was conducted to determine the merits of each method. Both techniques were highly sensitive in detecting abdominal abscesses, and often provided complementary and supplementary ...

... tingling of lips or fingers or muscle cramping due to the citrate ... flushing, itching, hives, abdominal cramps, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or bronchospasm ...

Four patients with suspected perinephric abscess were evaluated by gallium-67 scintigraphy. Gallium-67 scintigraphs proved instrumental in correctly diagnosing and localizing 4 left perinephric abscesses. Roentgenographic examinations were negative in 2 cases. Gallium-67 scintigraphy can be a useful non-invasive ...

We have reported a case of localized thymic enlargement and uptake of gallium 67 in a child who had received antineoplastic chemotherapy. The enlarged thymus showed normal histology, a picture consistent with thymic rebound after nonspecific stress. This case further demonstrates the need to consider thymic rebound as a cause of ...

We have reported a case of localized thymic enlargement and uptake of gallium 67 in a child who had received antineoplastic chemotherapy. The enlarged thymus showed normal histology, a picture consistent with thymic rebound after nonspecific stress. This case further demonstrates the need to consider thymic rebound as a cause of ...

Deep venous thrombophlebitis may escape clinical detection. Three cases are reported in which whole-body gallium 67 scintigraphy was used to detect unsuspected deep venous thrombophlebitis related to indwelling catheters in three children who were being evaluated for fevers of unknown origin. Two of these children had septicemia from Candida organisms ...

Deep venous thrombophlebitis may escape clinical detection. Three cases are reported in which whole-body gallium 67 scintigraphy was used to detect unsuspected deep venous thrombophlebitis related to indwelling catheters in three children who were being evaluated for fevers of unknown origin. Two of these children had septicemia from Candida organisms ...

In this study, orbital gallium-67 citrate ((67)Ga) scintigraphy was evaluated as a disease activity parameter that can predict the therapeutic response to immunosuppressive treatment in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Orbital scintigraphic analysis was performed on 32 patients demonstrating moderate to severe Graves' ophthalmopathy. ...

Gallium (67Ga-citrate) scans were performed on 45 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at the time of diagnosis. The extent of uptake and distribution of gallium were compared to known prognostic indicators of age, initial white count, and bone marrow lymphoblast immune markers (T, B, and null cell). Selective increased ...

Due to extensive use of prophylactic therapy for Pneumonitis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP), Cytomegalic Viral (CMV) infection may now be the most common lung infection in AIDS patients. This study was performed to determine Gallium-67 patterns in AIDS patients with CMV. Pathology reports were reviewed in AIDS patients who had a dose of 5 to 10 mCi of Gallium-67 ...

Gallium-67 and 3-phase bone scan (3P) studies, though very sensitive, are not very specific in evaluating suspected osteomyelitis (OM) which is superimposed upon other diseases that cause increased bone turnover (IBT). The authors compared In-111 acetylacetone labeled granulocytes (In-111) GRAN) with 3P in 57 such patients; 29 of these patients had Ga-67 ...

Gallium-67 citrate is currently considered as the tracer of first choice in the diagnostic workup of fever of unknown origin (FUO). Fluorine-18 2'-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) has been shown to accumulate in malignant tumours but also in inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate FDG imaging with a ...

Gallium-67 scintigraphy was performed on 87 patients with a variety of histological types of untreated primary lung carcinoma. Gallium-67 uptake was determined, allowing for differences in tumor size. Differential uptakes were found for the various tumor types, with anaplastic small-cell carcinoma having the ...

Gallium-67 scintigraphy was performed on 87 patients with a variety of histological types of untreated primary lung carcinoma. Gallium-67 uptake was determined, allowing for differences in tumor size. Differential uptakes were found for the various tumor types, with anaplastic small-cell carcinoma having the ...

We retrospectively evaluated preoperative radioisotope (RI) scintiscans in 275 patients (283 glands) with parotid tumors who undergoing surgery between 1987 and 2000. Technetium-99m-pertechnetate (Tc) scintigraphy was conducted on 201 glands. Oncocytoma and Warthin's tumor showed a high positive rate. In evaluating Warthin's tumor with Tc scintigraphy, sensitivity was 75% and specificity 88%; ...

Mediastinal tumors make up as high as 7% of the malignant neoplasms in children and are encountered in all age groups, slightly more commonly in preschool children. Three main groups of common symptoms that are typical of mediastinal tumors are identified. These include 1) symptoms associated with tumor compression of thoracic organs; 2) neurological disorders associated with compression or ...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in males. Adequate staging is essential if proper treatment is to be administered. Current morphological imaging modalities are confronted with problems in the staging of lung cancer, in the evaluation of treatment response, and in establishing whether a residual mass is due to fibrosis, residual tumors or local recurrence. Nuclear medicine ...

A retrospective study was performed of 39 children at the Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, who underwent technetium-99m glucoheptonate (99mTcGH) scintigraphy for evaluation of possible urinary tract infection. Clinical and laboratory criteria classified the children as having pyelonephritis, cystitis, or no urinary tract infection. Of 28 children classified as having ...

The King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Cyclotron is being used to produce radionuclides for nuclear medicine, short-lived positron emitters for positron emission tomography (PET) studies, neutrons for therapy and biological research. Radiopharmaceuticals for planar imaging at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and other hospitals in Saudi Arabia include thallous-201 chloride, ...

We studied the role of the iron-binding proteins transferrin and lactoferrin and of increased capillary permeability on the accumulation of gallium-67 in rabbits. Intramuscular injection of histamine caused accumulation of gallium-67 (injected iv as citrate), and of Tc-99m DTPA, at the im injection site. Normal saline and albumin did not. Intramuscular injection of transferrin ...

Drug-induced pulmonary toxicity commonly results in interstitial lung disease characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in pulmonary parenchyma. Gallium-67 citrate lung scintigraphy is currently the most sensitive test for the detection of inflammatory lesions in the lungs. Although chest radiographs often detect interstitial ...

Technetium-99m (/sup 99m/Tc)-labeled pyrophosphate or diphosphonate compounds and gallium-67 citrate (/sup 67/Ga) are two radionuclide scanning agents that are in widespread use in clinical practice. Technetium-99m pyrophosphate is used extensively for bone scanning to detect metastatic bone disease, benign bone tumors, osteomyelitis, benign hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, and ...

Injected WXGa has been used extensively to monitor inflammatory processes in the peripheral lung. The authors hypothesized that inhaled WXGa may be useful in marking early airway inflammation in smokers. Eight nonsmokers and eight smokers breathed a WXGa aerosol and imaging was performed immediately and 24 and 96 hr later. Approximately two-thirds of the initial dose remained in the lungs at 24 hr ...

Gallium-67 bound to lactoferrin - an iron-binding protein found in high concentration in polymorphonuclear leukocytes - has been isolated from PMNs that have previously been incubated with Ga-67 citrate. Although the cell-labeling efficiency was highly variable (0.026-10%), much of the activity that did bind to the PMNs (74.8 +- 10%) ...

Visualization of abscesses by scintigraphic techniques following intravenous injection of radioisotopes or radioisotope-tagged leukocytes has been used to confirm the presence and location of experimental abscesses as well as identifying occult abscesses in patients. Although several radioisotopes have been evaluated for this purpose, gallium-67 (/sup ...

Aortoenteric hemorrhage is the result of enteric erosion and necrosis of aortic wall or anastomotic site. Mechanical or bacteriologic causes may occur singly or in combination. The temporal sequence is such that warning symptoms, often including back pain, fever, hemotochezia, and anemia, are present long before exsanguinating hemorrhage occurs. Vigorous diagnostic efforts, including ...

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DC) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders which results in morbidity and mortality in young individuals. Recent evidence suggests that a subset of these patients have histologic evidence of myocarditis which is potentially treatable with immunosuppression. The identification of myocardial inflammation may therefore lead to development of therapeutic regimens ...

Gallium-67 citrate is easy to use and readily available, but the need to delay imaging for 2 to 4 days after injection hinders rapid diagnosis. Moreover, normal gastrointestinal activity limits its usefulness in evaluating the abdomen. Labeling leukocytes with Indium-111 oxine is a time-consuming, technically involved process, yet the ...

Eighty-six [67Ga]citrate chest scans were performed in 71 adult patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Forty-five of these patients also had Kaposi's sarcoma. Only 29 of 57 abnormal scans were correlated with abnormal chest radiographs. Chest radiographs were negative for 27 scans and unavailable for one. Several scan patterns were seen. Diffusely increased lung ...

Eighty-six (/sup 67/Ga)citrate chest scans were performed in 71 adult patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Forty-five of these patients also had Kaposi's sarcoma. Only 29 of 57 abnormal scans were correlated with abnormal chest radiographs. Chest radiographs were negative for 27 scans and unavailable for one. Several scan patterns were seen. Diffusely ...

Fifty-six patients with metastatic or recurrent soft-tissue sarcoma were evaluated by 67Ga-citrate imaging. Prior to entry on the therapy protocol, 52/56 (93%) patients had true-positive 67Ga studies. Two of four patients with liposarcoma, one of twelve with leiomyosarcoma and one with an epithelioid sarcoma had false-negative studies; 89/105 disease sites (85%) were 67Ga ...

The accumulation of gallium 67 citrate in pulmonary Pneumocystis carinii is well known. The sensitivity of gallium uptake in detecting early inflammatory processes, even when conventional roentgenograms are normal, would seem to make it possible in immunocompromised patients to make a presumptive diagnosis of this serious infection ...

The pulmonary uptake of 67Ga citrate has been proposed as an index that assists clinical decision-making in patients with certain interstitial lung diseases. Such use, however, requires definition of the range of normal values, the range of values in patients with various interstitial diseases, and interobserver and intraobserver variability. We studied 9 normal subjects and ...

Gallium (67Ga) citrate uptake over the orbits, parotid glands, and lungs was examined in six newly detected patients with sarcoidosis and 17 with chronic sarcoidosis. Six of 23 (26%) had uveitis, 18/23 (78%) decreased lacrimal secretion, and 13/16 (81%) epithelioid cell granulomas in conjunctival biopsies. Ten patients with other ...

Gallium (67Ga) citrate uptake over the orbits, parotid glands, and lungs was examined in six newly detected patients with sarcoidosis and 17 with chronic sarcoidosis. Six of 23 (26%) had uveitis, 18/23 (78%) decreased lacrimal secretion, and 13/16 (81%) epithelioid cell granulomas in conjunctival biopsies. Ten patients with other ...

Sarcoidosis is a recently identified cause of functional asplenia that can be diagnosed by radionuclide imaging. A 31-year-old woman with a five-year history of histologically compatible sarcoidosis was found to have nonvisualization of the spleen on technetium 99m sulfur colloid (radiopharmaceutical) liver-spleen scan. This scintigraphic finding was accompanied by poikilocytosis and Howell-Jolly ...

Ultrasound and 67Ga-citrate imaging were used simultaneously for the evaluation of 26 suspected cases of abdominal abscess. Scintiscanning and ultrasonography identified respectively 92% and 69% of the abscesses. Jointly, both modalities detected all 13 abscesses and we suggest an integrated approach in the evaloration of such cases.

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A wide variety of focal and diffuse infectious processes involve the abdomen. At one extreme are diseases such as pyelonephritis, cystitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease, conditions usually diagnosed without imaging studies and treated without complications. At the other extreme are abdominal abscesses, which may defy clinical diagnosis, are associated with significant ...