Sexual selection theory traditionally considers choosiness for mates to be negatively related to intra-sexual competition. Males were classically considered to be the competing, but not the choosy, sex. However, evidence of male choosiness is now accumulating. Male ...
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... teneral females in the field and in the laboratory. Thus, coercion of females' reproductive decisions in Drosophila may not be uncommon. �Being still� may signal � ... ...
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... male-mediated gene flow most likely results from male hybrid sterility. Corresponding Editor: K. Ross Received: November 2, 1999; ... intraracial assortative mating with choosy females and/or male hybrid ...
The distinct reproductive roles of males and females, which for many years were characterised in terms of competitive males and choosy females, have remained a central focus of sexual selection since Darwin's time. Increasing evidence now shows that males can be choosy too, even in apparently ...
sexually mature males and females in separate tanks (,50 individuals per 225-l tank). Stock tanks contained male intra- sexual display in the female choice experiment (Figure 1b, Table 1). Moreover, males never. Although males courted and competed less than females, these infrequent behaviors may still have had
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We studied the effects of male disruptive behaviour on female mate choice and male mating success in the great snipe, Gallinago media, a lekking bird. Harassment from neighbouring males, a widespread behaviour in lekking animals, was the most prevalent cause of females leaving a male territory. Several lines of ...
-driven sexual selection may also vary if females alter their behavior in response to the particular males gathered about males influencing both the preference function and degree of choosiness of females. Sexual that the outcome of the sexual conflict is independent of the order in which males are encountered by ...
parental care) Why be choosy? Indirect benefits Deleting eyespots reduces male's attractiveness 29Monday through signals � Visual (e.g., bowerbirds) � Acoustic (e.g., frogs) � Chemical (e.g., moths) Intersexual, 2009 #12;� Good genes �Peacock train size indicate survival of young (note that males contribute zero
in quality as mates, there is not only female choice for high-quality males but also female-female of the small mate as constant as possible, only varying the size of the larger mate. In the female choice animals of males competing strongly for mates and females being more selective in mate choice. There may
In species where parental investment is extensive for both sexes, both males and females are predicted to exhibit choosiness when seeking their lifetime partners. Evidence is presented that both courting males and females are choosy in the wood-dwelling, biparental termite Zootermopsis nevadensis. There are, ...
Male choosiness for mates is an underexplored mechanism of sexual selection. A few theoretical studies suggest that males may exhibit--but only under rare circumstances--a reversed male mate choice (RMMC; i.e., highly competitive males focus on the most fecund females, while the low-quality ...
Bateman's principle predicts the intensity of sexual selection depends on rates of increase of fecundity with mating success for each sex (Bateman slopes). The sex with the steeper increase (usually males) is under more intense sexual selection and is expected to compete for access to the sex under less intense sexual selection (usually females). Under Bateman and modern ...
The zebrafish Danio rerio, is an important model organism in developmental genetics, neurophysiology and biomedicine, but little is known about its natural ecology and behaviour. It is a small, shoaling cyprinid, native to the flood-plains of the Indian subcontinent, where it is found in shallow, slow-flowing waters. Zebrafish are group spawners and egg scatterers, although females are ...
Because testosterone (T) often mediates the expression of attractive displays and ornaments, in the absence of constraints sexual selection should lead to an evolutionary increase in male T levels. One candidate constraint would be a genetic correlation between the sexes that leads to a correlated response in females. If increased T in females were to have deleterious effects ...
A recent life-history model has challenged the importance of the operational sex ratio and the potential reproductive rates of males and females as the factors most important for the control of sexual selection, arguing that the cost of breeding, interpreted as the probability of dying as a consequence of the current breeding attempt, is the single most important factor that ...
In 1948, Angus J. Bateman reported a stronger relationship between mating and reproductive success in male fruit flies compared with females, and concluded that selection should universally favour 'an undiscriminating eagerness in the males and a discriminating passivity in the females' to obtain mates. The conventional view of promiscuous, ...
In 1948, Angus J. Bateman reported a stronger relationship between mating and reproductive success in male fruit flies compared with females, and concluded that selection should universally favour �an undiscriminating eagerness in the males and a discriminating passivity in the females� to obtain mates. The conventional view of promiscuous, ...
Atlantic mollies (Poecilia mexicana) inhabit a variety of surface habitats, but they also occur in a sulfur cave in southern Mexico. We examined male mate choice relative to female body size in the cave population and in the most closely related surface-dwelling population from a nearby river. Males from both populations were either light- or dark-reared ...
Atlantic mollies ( Poecilia mexicana) inhabit a variety of surface habitats, but they also occur in a sulfur cave in southern Mexico. We examined male mate choice relative to female body size in the cave population and in the most closely related surface-dwelling population from a nearby river. Males from both populations were either light- or dark-reared ...
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A broad understanding of multimodal courtship function necessitates knowledge of the potential information content of signal components, the efficacy of signal components in eliciting the appropriate receiver response, and the fitness consequences of mating decisions based upon various signal components. We present data addressing each of these requirements for the multimodal-signaling wolf ...
Scents, detected through both the main and vomeronasal olfactory systems, play a crucial role in regulating reproductive behaviour in many mammals. In laboratory mice, female preference for airborne urinary scents from males (detected through the main olfactory system) is learnt through association with scents detected through the vomeronasal system during contact with the ...
Since inbreeding in Tetranychus urticae can reduce offspring fitness, sexual selection may favour disassortative mate choice with respect to relatedness of the mating partners. We tested whether T. urticae shows this preference for mating with unrelated partners. We chose an experimental set-up with high potential for female choosiness, since females only mate once and are ...
Sexual selection involves two main mechanisms: intrasexual competition for mates and intersexual mate choice. We experimentally separated intrasexual (male-male interference competition) and intersexual (female choice) components of sexual selection in a freshwater fish, the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus). We compared the roles of multiple morphological and behavioural ...
Demographic factors such as operational sex ratio (OSR) and local population density (LPD) are temporally and spatially dynamic in the natural environment but the influence of these variables on male mating success and the mechanisms behind it are still poorly understood and highly controversial. Here, we manipulated the OSR and LPD of a seed bug, Nysius huttoni, and carried ...
Sexual displays and mate choice often take place under the same set of environmental conditions and, as a consequence, may be exposed to the same set of environmental constraints. Surprisingly, however, very few studies consider the effects of environmental costs on sexual displays and mate choice simultaneously. We conducted an experiment, manipulating water flow in large flume tanks, to examine ...
Female preferences for elaborate male sexual traits have been documented in a number of species in which males contribute only genes to the next generation. In such systems, mate choice has been hypothesised to benefit females genetically. For the genetic benefits to be possible there must be additive genetic variation (V A) for sexual ornaments, such that ...
... provides information on the Delhi sands flower-loving fly (Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis) including its federal status, distribution, ... ...
Speciation by sexual selection is commonly modeled as the divergent co-evolution of male signals and female preferences in geographically isolated populations. Upon secondary contact, females fail to recognize divergent males as suitable mates and exhibit a strong preference for their own type. The result is behavioral isolation and, if behavioral ...
Females of many species can gain benefits from being choosy about their mates and even exhibit context-dependent investment in reproduction in response to the quality of their breeding situation. Here, we show that if a male house wren is provided with surplus nest boxes in his territory, his mate lays a larger clutch with a significantly higher proportion ...
We expect that sexual selection may play an important role in the evolution of mushroom-forming basidiomycete fungi. Although these fungi do not have separate sexes, they do play female and male roles: the acceptance and the donation of a nucleus, respectively. The primary mycelium (monokaryon) of basidiomycete fungi, growing from a germinating sexual spore, is hermaphroditic, ...
The extraordinary lifelong partner commitment in social insects is expected to increase choosiness in both sexes and therefore to be associated with particularly low hybridization frequencies. Yet, more and more studies reveal that in many ant taxa hybrids are surprisingly common, with up to half of all female sexuals receiving sperm from allospecific ...
Predation is generally thought to constrain sexual selection by female choice and limit the evolution of conspicuous sexual signals. Under high predation risk, females usually become less choosy, because they reduce their exposure to their predators by reducing the extent of their mate searching. However, predation need not weaken sexual selection if, under high predation ...
Most studies of mate choice have focused on female preference for male traits because it is generally assumed that since males provide less parental investment they are not choosy. However, if males suffer missed opportunity costs by mating with lower quality females, selection should favor ...
The current theory that sexual selection results from female preference for males with good genes suffers from several problems. An alternative explanation, the pathogen transmission avoidance hypothesis, argues that the primary function of showy traits is to provide a reliable signal of current disease status, so that sick individuals can be avoided during mating. This study ...
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Although many studies examine the form of sexual selection in males, studies characterizing this selection in females remain sparse. Sexual selection on females is predicted for sex-role-reversed Mormon crickets, Anabrus simplex, where males are choosy of mates and nutrient-deprived females compete for matings and nutritious nuptial ...
Male pregnancy in the family Syngnathidae (pipefishes, seahorses and seadragons) predisposes males to limit female reproductive success; sexual selection may then operate more strongly on females and female sexual signals may evolve (sex-role reversal). A bewildering array of female signals has evolved in Syngnathids, e.g. skin folds, large body size, ...
The ecology of senescence in marine zooplankton is not well known. Here we demonstrate senescence effects in the marine copepod Oithona davisae and show how sex and sexual selection accelerate the rate of ageing in the males. We show that adult mortality increases and male mating capacity and female fertility decrease with age and that the deterioration in ...
BackgroundBoth natural and sexual selection are thought to influence genetic diversity, but the study of the relative importance of these two factors on ecologically-relevant traits has traditionally focused on species with conventional sex-roles, with male-male competition and female-based mate choice. With its high variability and significance in both immune function and ...
1. The information content of secondary sexual traits and the benefits gathered by choosy females are at the heart of sexual selection theory. Indicator models of sexual selection assume that secondary sexual traits reflect the phenotypic/genetic quality of their bearers and that females gather benefits from choosing these high-quality males. 2. Here, we ...
The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), displays a lek mating system characterized by a high level of female discrimination among potential mates. The basis of female choice is not understood, but recent studies indicate that male exposure to the aroma of certain plant structures or essential oils may increase mating success. In particular, exposure to the ...
Sexual selection theory predicts competitive males and choosy females. Nevertheless, since molecular marker-based studies, paternity outside the expected mating patterns has increasingly been described. Even in highly polygynous systems, where paternity is expected to be strongly skewed towards large, dominant males, alternative mating ...
Over the last 50�years, female-produced sex pheromones of moths have been subjected to intensive study. Most work has focused on their role in mate recognition, and little on any role they may have in mate assessment. This is largely because it has been assumed that female, rather than male, moths are "choosy", and invest larger amounts of carbon in eggs ...
Although the cost of mate choice is an essential component of the evolution and maintenance of sexual selection, the energetic cost of female choice has not previously been assessed directly. Here we report that females can incur high energetic costs as a result of discriminating among potential mates. We used heart rate biologging to quantify energetic expenditure in lek-mating female Gal�pagos ...
Whether species exhibit significant heritable variation in fitness is central for sexual selection. According to good genes models there must be genetic variation in males leading to variation in offspring fitness if females are to obtain genetic benefits from exercising mate preferences, or by mating multiply. However, sexual selection based on genetic benefits is ...
The current theory that sexual selection results from female choice for good genes suffers from several problems. An alternative explanation is proposed. The pathogen avoidance hypothesis argues that the primary function of showy traits is to provide a reliable signal of current disease status so that sick individuals may be avoided during mating. Our studies shown that a significant risk of ...
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In this study, we examined the patterns of sex differences in men and women married to each other in five cultures (China, Russia, Turkey, UK, and the U.S.) to look for universal patterns in behavioral dimorphisms and for cultural variability in those patterns. Over 400 couples in each cultural group completed the 235-item Marriage and Relationship Questionnaire on various aspects of marriage, ...
Female mate choice involves the comparative evaluation of potential mates. Females use a pooled comparison of sampled males to maximize the perceived reproductive fitness of their partner, implying the memorization of sampled males. However, hormonal and reproductive states influence female choosiness, and women's preference and memory ...
Mate choice studies routinely assume female preferences for indicators of high quality in males but rarely consider developmental causes of within-population variation in mating preferences. By contrast, recent mate choice models assume that costs and benefits of searching or competing for high-quality males depend on females' phenotypic quality. A ...
Many species show substantial between-individual variation in mating preferences, but studying the causes of such variation remains a challenge. For example, the relative importance of heritable variation versus shared early environment effects (like sexual imprinting) on mating preferences has never been quantified in a population of animals. Here, we estimate the heritability of and early ...
... cycle (Day 0 = estrus) by infusion into the aorta abdominalis of saline (n = 8), an analogue of ... cycle, a catheter was inserted into the posterior aorta abdominalis through the coccygeal artery, as des...
... whose expertise included the Delhi Sands flower-loving fly (Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis), related species, or a biological field relevant to Delhi Sands flower-loving fly conservation. Many of the ...
The reaction is one of the most constant characteristics of Typhus abdominalis from the middle of the first week onward, so that an absence of this reaction would seem to cast doubt upon a diagnosis of this disease. Cases of Typhus abdominalis, in which t...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
... which the pulse rates exceed relatively high thresholds (>50 ... r= .614, T 3.70 FIGURE 3. Risk-choosiness correlation. ... "Quantitative genetics of female ...
DTIC Science & Technology
In this inquiry activity, students will get some experience with static electricity before getting deep into electricity and magnetism. They will not know which combinations will generate static electricity and will test some materials of their own choosi
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... In liver diseases, typhus abdominalis, diabetes mellitus, even in individual cases of Basedow illness, the elimination of amino acid nitrogen ...
... In the hydraulic model, the elastic tubes simulated the aorta and its major branches. ... Segment 3 and 4 were the aorta abdominalis. ...
Ornamental secondary sexual traits are hypothesized to evolve in response to directional mating preferences for more ornamented mates. Such mating preferences may themselves evolve partly because ornamentation indicates an individual's additive genetic quality (good genes). While mate choice can also confer non-additive genetic benefits (compatible genes), the identity of the most 'compatible' ...
Females may choose mates based on the expression of secondary sexual characters that signal direct, material fitness benefits or indirect, genetic fitness benefits. Genetic benefits are acquired in the generation subsequent to that in which mate choice is performed, and the maintenance of genetic variation in viability has been considered a theoretical problem. Consequently, the magnitude of ...
BackgroundIndividual differences in social behaviour may have consequences for mate choice and sexual signalling, because partners should develop preferences for personalities that maximize reproductive output. Here we propose that behavioural traits involved in sexual advertisement may serve as good indicators of personality, which is fundamental for sexual selection to operate on temperament. ...
The knowledge of pathobiochemical processes in extrahepatic cholestasis is one of the prerequisites for the application of infusion solutions adjusted to meet the requirements. Early changes of amino acid metabolism in rats after bile-duct ligation, which indicate disorders in the urea cycle are reported. For this purpose 60 male Wistar rats were laparotomized and the common ...
The Afrotropical Mydidae genera Ectyphus Gerstaecker, 1868 and Parectyphus Hesse, 1972 are revised. Six species of Ectyphus are recognised (Ectyphus abdominalis Bezzi, 1924, Ectyphus armipes Bezzi, 1924, Ectyphus capillatus Hesse, 1969, Ectyphus pinguis Gerstaecker, 1868, and Ectyphus pretoriensis Bezzi, 1924), of which one is newly described from Kenya, Ectyphus amboselisp. ...
AbstractThe Afrotropical Mydidae genera Ectyphus Gerstaecker, 1868 and Parectyphus Hesse, 1972 are revised. Six species of Ectyphus are recognised (Ectyphus abdominalis Bezzi, 1924, Ectyphus armipes Bezzi, 1924, Ectyphus capillatus Hesse, 1969, Ectyphus pinguis Gerstaecker, 1868, and Ectyphus pretoriensis Bezzi, 1924), of which one is newly described from Kenya, Ectyphus ...
BackgroundAn important component of sexual selection arises because females obtain viability benefits for their offspring from their mate choice. Females choosing extra-pair fertilization generally favor males with exaggerated secondary sexual characters, and extra-pair paternity increases the variance in male reproductive success. Furthermore, females are ...
This document is a recovery plan for the Delhi sands flower-loving fly (Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis. It includes information on taxonomy, description, ... ...
... provides information on the Delhi sands flower-loving fly (Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis) and the El Segundo flower-loving fly (Rhaphiomidas terminatus terminatus). A description, history of the ......
a process of `mutual reinforcement' (Berglund, Bisazza & Pilastro, 1996; Wiley & Poston, 1996). Under use competition to facilitate `in- direct' mate choice (Wiley & Poston, 1996). For example, in several be useful for choosy females. We earlier discussed circumstances of `indirect' (Wiley & Poston, 1996) mate
... emitted droplet, thereby increasing the likelihood that his sperm will fertilize the eggs. The potential for female choice arises because female ... ensure the success of a given copulation. The sperm may...
Mate choice depends on mating preferences and on the manner in which mate-quality information is acquired and used to make decisions. We present a model that describes how these two components of mating decision interact with each other during a comparative evaluation of prospective mates. The model, with its well-explored precedents in psychology and neurophysiology, assumes that decisions are ...
The Tipula abdominalis larval hindgut microbial community presumably facilitates digestion of the lignocellulosic diet. The microbial community was investigated through characterization of bacterial isolates and analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. This initial study revealed novel bacteria and provides a framework for future studies of this symbiosis.
... Day 15 of the estrous cycle into the aorta abdominalis of Holstein/Polish Black and White heifers. ... PGF2α (aPGF2α; 100 μg) was injected into the aorta abdominalis of animals infused with saline or L- ....
Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of matrine (Mt.) on myocardial interstitial fibrosis induced by pressure overload. Methods: Pressure overloaded myocardial hypertrophy was produced by banding of aorta abdominalis in 67 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing (200�15) g. The rats were assigned into one of the following groups: sham-operation ...
... M. abdominalis has already been transferred to Miridiba (L�bl and Smetana, 2006). Perhaps the fact that Arrow ( ... this genus to be synonymous with Miridiba led L�bl and Smetana (2006) to consider M. abdo...
... developmental changes in head length to snout length ratios and adult standard length (Kuiter 2001). However, using ... on GIS ETOPO2 data with 8 km² grid cell resolution, so numbers should be treated as ...
Predatory stonefly larvae (Paragnetina media) acquired Bacillus sphaericus spores by eating spore-laden midge larvae. Leaf-shredding stonefly larvae (Pteronarcys proteus) and cranefly larvae (Tipula abdominalis) acquired spores by feeding on contaminated ...
... javascript is enabled and that you have the Adobe Flash Player installed Click here to download and ... Yreka Phlox, Hartweg's Golden Sunburst, San Joaquin Adobe Sunburst, Santa Cru...
Seahorses are visually guided feeders that prey upon small fast-moving crustaceans. Seahorse habitats range from clear tropical to turbid temperate waters. How are seahorse retinae specialized to mediate vision in these diverse environments? Most species of seahorse have a specialization in their retina associated with acute vision, the fovea. The purpose of this study was to characterize the ...
reduces choosiness in female dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis): evidence for a hormonal constraint be weakened. Using female dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis), we tested whether experimentally enhancing female increased T on female mate-choice behaviour in a common songbird, the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis
Partial avoidance of female in�orescences of a dioecious �g by their mutualistic pollinating wasps Montpellier Cedex 5, France Every dioecious species of �g is pollinated by a speci�c wasp that only reproduces a situation of choice. Paradoxically, choosiness can be demonstrated in F. carica where usually wasps do
In support of the Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program of the US EPA, the Systems Analysis Branch has developed a decision-making tool based on life cycle assessment. This tool, the Framework for Responsible Environmental Decision-making or FRED streamlines LCA by choosi...
EPA Science Inventory
