Herniation of the abductor hallucis muscle has rarely been reported in the literature. This condition causes localized pain, especially while weight bearing, as a result of a complex cascade of biomechanical events directly related to loss of integrity of the medial wall of the foot. The authors present a case of a flexor retinaculum ...
PubMed
BackgroundDiagnostic ultrasound provides a method of analysing soft tissue structures of the musculoskeletal system effectively and reliably. The aim of this study was to evaluate within and between session reliability of measuring muscle dorso-plantar thickness, medio-lateral length and cross-sectional area, of the abductor hallucis ...
PubMed Central
Intersection syndrome of the forearm is a painful condition in the area where the muscle bellies of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis cross the common wrist extensors. A similar case of the foot with marked fibrosis at the interconnection of flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum tendons is reported and the ...
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the difference in activation patterns of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles during two quiet standing tasks with increasing postural difficulty. We hypothesised that activation of these muscles would increase with increasing postural demand and be correlated with postural sway. METHODS: Intra-muscular ...
BackgroundThe Abductor hallucis muscle (AbdH) plays an integral role during gait and is often affected in pathological foot conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the within and between-session intra-tester reliability using diagnostic ultrasound of the dorso-plantar thickness, medio-lateral width and cross-sectional area, ...
Pathological changes in sensation over the sole of the foot do not always correspond to the full area of distribution of the posterior tibial nerve. Some neurologists advise separate examination of the tibial nerve, the medial and lateral plantar nerves, in order to ascertain whether either or both might be affected. 60 preparations of cadaveric feet in the Department of Anatomy were examined. ...
A small pneumatic cuff inflated around the knee was used to produce tourniquet paralysis in baboons. A cuff pressure of 1,000 mm Hg maintained for one to three hours produced paralysis of distal muscles lasting up to three months. Nerve conduction studies showed that most of the motor fibres to the abductor hallucis ...
We analyzed individual motor units during electrically elicited cramp contractions with the aim of characterizing the variability and degree of common oscillations in their discharges. Intramuscular and surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were detected from the abductor hallucis muscle of 11 healthy subjects (age 27.0+/-3.7 yr) ...
The systemic injection of L-Acetylcarnitine (L-Ac) induces a reversible increase in recurrent inhibition. In addition, L-Ac potentiation of recurrent inhibition has been found to increase the synchronous activity of single motor units, as detected by traditional linear analysis in the time domain. This result has been recently confirmed using a nonlinear method based on the analysis of embedded ...
Although central motor conduction time (CMCT) has been used for the diagnosis of lumbosacral spinal stenosis (LSSS), its diagnostic value is limited due to the short length of the involved segment compared to the long length of the total conduction distance. To overcome this, we introduce a new method to measure the caudal motor conduction time (caudal MCT) using magnetic stimulation. Magnetic ...
Intracortical inhibition and facilitation in different representations of the human motor cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2870-2881, 1998. Intracortical inhibition (ICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) of the human motor cortex can be studied with paired transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Plastic changes and some neurological disorders in humans are associated with changes in ICI and ICF. ...
Chronic inflammation of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon can result in stenosing tenosynovitis. This condition has been well documented in ballet dancers. It usually presents as posteromedial ankle pain, worsened by plantarflexion activities. Although conservative therapy benefits most patients, some recalcitrant cases may require surgical intervention. This is the ...
BACKGROUND:: Nerve transfer is a valid surgical procedure for lower extremity function restoration after lumbosacral plexus avulsion. OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the impact of severing L6 nerve root on functions of the healthy limb in rhesus monkeys and the feasibility of using contralateral L6 nerve root as a donor nerve to repair lumbosacral plexus root avulsion. METHODS:: Twenty-four rhesus monkeys ...
We examined the relationship between the CMCT and features of spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEPs) among 25 patients with compressive cervical myelopathy to elucidate the mechanism underlying the prolonged central motor conduction time (CMCT) in patients with compressive cervical myelopathy. CMCT values were calculated by measuring motor evoked potentials from the abductor ...
Scarring or detachment of the hip abductors, particularly of the gluteus medius, from their insertion may lead to severe abductor weakness, recurrent dislocations, pain, and diminished quality of life. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate whether vastus lateralis shift is associated with satisfactory results and low rate of complications. Eleven ...
The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is an endangered carnivore living in the temperate forests of the Himalayas and southern China. The phylogeny of the red panda has been the subject of much debate. Morphological and molecular studies have supported a wide range of possible relationships, including close ties to procyonids, ursids, mustelids, and mephitids. This study provides additional ...
1. Nerve-evoked muscular activity was abolished in the small hand muscles of the baboon for 1-2 months by a 3 hr period of nerve compression from a pneumatic tourniquet inflated round the forearm. In the large diameter nerve fibres, this produced either a prolonged conduction block due to local myelin damage at the site of compression, or (in 10-30% of the large fibres) ...
Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) study using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may give a functional assessment of corticospinal conduction. But there are no large studies on MEPs using TMS in myelopathy patients. The purpose of this study is to confirm the usefulness of MEPs for the assessment of the myelopathy and to investigate the use of MEPs using TMS as a screening tool for myelopathy. ...
Aim? Dystonia in childhood has many causes. Imaging may suggest corticospinal tract dysfunction with or without coexistent basal ganglia damage. There are very few published neurophysiological studies on children with dystonia; one previous study has focused on primary dystonia. We investigated central motor conduction in 62 children (34 males, 28 females; age range 3-19y, mean age 10y 8mo, SD 4y ...
Aim: Dystonia in childhood has many causes. Imaging may suggest corticospinal tract dysfunction with or without coexistent basal ganglia damage. There are very few published neurophysiological studies on children with dystonia; one previous study has focused on primary dystonia. We investigated central motor conduction in 62 children (34 males, 28 females; age range 3-19y, mean age 10y 8mo, SD 4y ...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
... 100 millimeters (the most intense pain), was used ... abductors, and adductors Step 3. Muscles from Step 2 ... r2) of Shoulder Girdle Muscle Strength and ...
DTIC Science & Technology
Four experiments tested the hypothesis that movement-induced discharge of somatosensory receptors attenuates cutaneous reflexes in the human lower limb. In the first experiment, cutaneous reflexes were evoked in the isometrically contracting tibialis anterior muscle (TA) by a train of stimuli to the tibial nerve at the ankle. The constancy of stimulus amplitudes was indirectly ...
The combined dorsalis pedis cutaneous, extensor hallucis and digitorum brevis muscle conjoined free flap is useful for a moderate or subtotal defect of the full-thickness lip when local or regional flaps are not applicable. This method can restore good oral competence, adequate oral aperture allowing dental hygiene, and an ability to purse the lips and ...
BackgroundShortening of the iliotibial band (ITB) has been considered to be associated with low back pain (LBP). It is theorized that ITB tightness in individuals with LBP is a compensatory mechanism following hip abductor muscle weakness. However, no study has clinically examined this theory. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ...
Thermotherapy is generally considered appropriate for post-stroke patients with spasticity, yet its acute antispastic effects have not been comprehensively investigated. F-wave parameters have been used to demonstrate changes in motor neuron excitability in spasticity and pharmacological antispastic therapy. The present study aimed to confirm the efficacy of thermotherapy for spasticity by ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the duration of the distal compound muscle action potential (dCMAP) recording from the tibialis anterior (TA) as a supportive electrodiagnostic feature in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). METHODS: We performed peroneal motor conduction studies with recording from the TA in 35 CIDP patients, 30 normal controls, and 21 disease ...
Since 1980 we have used a modified Turco procedure for treating congenital clubfoot. The modifications include: (1) lateral position with the unaffected side on top; (2) Cincinnati-type transverse heel crease incision from the base of the first metatarsal around the ankle up to the lateral border of the tendoachilles; (3) complete excision of the abductor ...
Footbaths are considered to provide beneficial thermal therapy for post-stroke patients with spasticity, but their anti-spastic effects have not been investigated comprehensively. The present study aimed to evaluate alterations in motor-neuron excitability using F-wave parameters in post-stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia. Subjects� legs below the knee joint were immersed in water at 41�C ...
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a focal dystonia of the larynx. Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) involves the laryngeal adductor muscles, and symptoms of vocal roughness, staccato-like sounds, and stops in phonation. Abductor spasmodic dysphonia (ABSD) affects the laryngeal abductor muscles, resulting in a breathy ...
muscles during the pinch force generation. Extensor Digitorium (ED), Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL), Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS), Dorsal Interosseous (DI), Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB), Flexor Pollicis Brevis (FPB), and Adductor Pollicis (AP). To obtain the seven target muscles' activities, seven
E-print Network
Abductor insufficiency after hip arthroplasty is a difficult and challenging problem whereby conservative therapy is often insufficient and surgical therapy is known to have failures with re-ruptures. Alternative approaches and arthroscopic surgery are proposed but in many cases they do not fulfill the expectations of patients.Our experience with temporary explantation of ...
Fibreoptic laryngoscopy in 6 patients with laryngeal stridor showed immobile vocal cords in a paramedian position but no other local cause. Thus a diagnosis of Gerhardt's syndrome, usually ascribed to paralysis of vocal-cord abductor muscles, was made in 3 patients who had no other signs or symptoms of dystonia, and in 3 patients who had multifocal ...
targeted to obtain the activities of the Extensor Digitorium (ED), Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL), Flexor, the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), an extrinsic flexor muscle, is normally connected to the MCP joints Digitorum Superficialis (FDS), Dorsal Interosseous (DI), Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB), Extensor Pollicis
superficialis; EDC, extensor digitorum communis; E45, extensor digiti 4,5; AbPL, abductor pollicis longus; Ad communis and quarti et quinti proprius (EDC, E45); abductor pollicis longus (AbPL); adductor pollicis (Ad, triceps; Bic, biceps; Pro, pronator teres; Brd, brachioradialis; FCR, flexor carpi radialis; FCU, flexor
surface were inserted into flexors pollicis longus (FPL) and brevis (FPB), extensors pollicis longus (EPL) and brevis (EPB), abductors pollicis longus (APL) and brevis (APB), opponens pollicis (OPP), adductor that the highest magnitudes of force can be accurately directed. Abductor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis
Soft tissue tumours of the foot are rare and often present a difficult clinical and diagnostic situation. We report of a 15-year-old male with a painless swelling at the lateral margin of the left foot. After X-ray and MRI an excisional biopsy was performed. Histology revealed true muscle hypertrophy without myopathic or degenerative changes, consistent with the diagnosis of ...
A complicated case of ipsilateral fractures of the left femur and tibia after a road traffic accident is reported. The patient presented with numbness of the first web of his left foot and contracture of the extensor hallucis longus muscle, with fixed length deformity after intramedullary nailing of the femur and tibia. The extensor digitorum longus and ...
were placed in abductor pollicis brevis, opponens digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, and flexor pollicis longus. For the muscles mediating proximal forelimb movements, injections were placed in shoulder
concluded that strength and endurance training of the hip abductors and external ro- tators should- strings, and abdominal muscles to resist external moments at the hip and knee. More recently, Ford et al44 is the ability of the lumbopelvic hip complex to prevent buckling and to return to equilibrium after perturbation
Increasing evidence indicates that the spinal cord is an important site of anesthetic action necessary for surgical immobility. Whether clinical hyper- or hypoventilation affects motor neuron excitability during general anesthesia is unknown. To clarify this issue, we studied seven adult ASA physical status I or II patients undergoing elective surgery. Spinal motor neuron excitability was ...
Lower extremity blast injuries represent a unique challenge to surgeons and often involve complex, limb-threatening wounds with extensive soft tissue and bone loss. Surgical treatment of these injuries can be difficult because of limited autogenous resources for reconstruction of the defect. In this article, we describe a technique for medial column reconstruction using iliac crest bone graft and ...
The biomechanics of vocal fold abduction and adduction during phonation, respiration, and airway protection are not completely understood. Specifically, the rotational and translational forces on the arytenoid cartilages that result from intrinsic laryngeal muscle contraction have not been fully described. Anatomic data on the lines of action and moment arms for the intrinsic ...
We conducted this study to establish reliability and normative values for abductor pollicis brevis strength. A portable microprocessor-controlled hand-held device was used for testing. Twelve healthy subjects were used for intrarater and interrater reliability testing. Intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.92 for intrarater testing and 0.89 for interrater reliability. ...
The abductor release sometimes does not heal after a transgluteal approach for hip arthroplasty. Factors influencing the success of subsequent repair are unclear. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare the condition of the gluteus medius with clinical outcome after late repair of abductor dehiscence in 12 total hip patients. Evaluation ...
The evaluation of hip abductor strength is useful in assessing of the outcome of hip surgery. Hand-held dynamometers are available, but they are less reliable in assessing hip abductor strength than some other muscle groups. We describe a new device designed to measure hip abductor strength, which is practical in a ...
BACKGROUND: Loss of the abductor portions of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles due to THA causes severe limp and often instability. DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUE: To minimize the symptoms of limp and instability, the anterior � of the gluteus maximus was transferred to the greater trochanter and sutured under the vastus lateralis. A separate ...
A medium-latency response (MLR) has been recorded from soleus during stance and walking, and has been attributed to stretch-evoked volleys in group II afferents. The present paper describes a MLR in soleus evoked by stimulating the deep peroneal nerve, documents its characteristics and addresses its likely origin. The MLR of soleus was recorded in healthy subjects and hemiplegic patients, ...
1. To determine whether discomfort associated with breathing (dyspnoea) is related to the chemical drive to breath, three subjects were totally paralysed while fully conscious. Subjective responses to a rising CO2 stimulus were obtained during rebreathing, rebreathing with CO2 added, and breath holding. Dyspnoea was measured with a 10-point Borg scale. 2. Following nasotracheal intubation and ...
The surgical approach utilized in total hip arthroplasty has been identified as a factor that may affect surgical outcomes. There have been many different approaches and modifications used since the procedure was popularized by Sir John Charnley. The popular approaches today can be grouped by their relationship to the trochanter (anterior or posterior), patient position, leg position for ...
17 local muscle flaps were used to cover soft tissue defects in 13 open fractures (1 degree to 4 degrees) of the lower limb and in four patients with chronic ostitis associated with instable scar forming. The Musculus soleus was used in 16 cases exclusively or in combination with the Musculus gastrocnemius (three times), Musculus hallucis longus (one time) ...
A study has been made of the effect of voluntary contraction on the `late' responses which can be recorded in muscles after indirect stimulation. Two late responses have been described of which the first was shown to consist mainly of a potentiated H-reflex. The potentiation of this wave was greatest in the abductor pollicis brevis ...
The description of a bilaterally well developed, bicipital and bipennate accessory extensor carpi radialis muscle is reported. The muscle arose between the origins of the long and short radial carpal extensor muscles and inserted by 2 tendons into the 1st 2 metacarpal bones. The ulnar tendinous insertion was simultaneously the origin ...
brevus posterior (flexors, plantar flexors) superficial gastrocnemius (medial and lateral heads digitorum brevis extensor hallicis brevis deep dorsal interossei plantar (superficial to deep; lateral to medial) superficial plantar aponeurosis (most superficial) abductor digiti V flexor digitorum brevis
. Then, for each muscle contraction, four muscles were selected by palpation: the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), the extensor carpi radialis (ECR), the ex- tensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), and the abductor pollicis longus (APL) [11]. Because quadriplegic patients (with a C7 and C8 functional level) can still weakly
the superficial region of the pectoral fin abductor superficialis muscle of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L-acclimation occur in other cyprinids, including common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and roach (Rutilus rutilusL.) (Heap of slow muscle myosin has also been investigated. Materials and methods Fish Common carp (Cyprinus carpio
Weakness of the hip abductors after total hip arthroplasty may result in pain and/or functional limitation. Non-weight-bearing (NWB) exercises are often performed to target the hip abductors; however, muscle activation of NWB exercises has not been compared to weight-bearing (WB) exercises. Our purpose was to evaluate gluteus medius ...
BackgroundInvestigating modifiable factors that contribute to functional limitations in patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may guide changes in rehabilitation protocols and improve functional outcomes. Whereas quadriceps muscle weakness has been demonstrated to contribute to functional limitations in TKA, the role of hip abductor weakness has not ...
The position of the greater trochanter influences the mechanical stress of the hip joint, the extent of contraction of the gluteus medius and minimus muscles, and the mechanical stress of the femoral neck. A normal neck-shaft angle appears to achieve a compromise between a maximum lever arm of the abductor muscles and a maximum ...
The aim of this study was to obtain, using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), muscle volume measurements for the gluteus maximus (upper: UGM and lower: LGM portions) and tensor fascia lata (TFL) muscles in both healthy subjects (n=12) and those with unilateral osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip (mild: n=6, and advanced: n=6). While control group subjects were ...
Context: Hip stability and strength are important for proper gait mechanics and foot position during heel strike.Objective: To determine the relationships between hip muscle strength and chronic ankle sprains and hip muscle strength and ankle range of motion.Design: Ex post facto design with the uninvolved limb serving as the control.Setting: ...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activation and the muscle frequency response of the dominant arm muscles (flexor carpi radialis and extensor digitorum) and hand muscles (abductor pollicis and first dorsal interosseous) during robotic surgical skills training in a virtual ...
Compression syndromes of the ulnar nerve are more often located proximally in the cubital tunnel than distally in Guyon's canal. In many cases anatomic structures can be found that induce compression. These may be ganglia, tumours, vascular abnormalities, crossing fibrous bands or accessory muscles. The ulnar nerve has therefore to be revised all along its passage through ...
1. A systematized computer technique of centroid analysis has been developed to evaluate the precise geometric relationship between a muscle and a bone and it has been applied to the abductor mechanism of the human hip joint. 2. The validity of the traditional use of straight lines for displaying the line of action of a muscle is open ...
BackgroundStandard tibial motor nerve conduction measures are established with recording from the abductor hallucis. This technique is often technically challenging and clinicians have difficulty interpreting the information particularly in the short segment needed to assess focal tibial nerve entrapment at the medial ankle as occurs in posterior tarsal ...
PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most widely used noninvasive diagnostic modalities for musculoskeletal evaluation. We conducted a retrospective study to determine whether MRI of the hip joint abductor and external rotator muscles yields reproducible findings in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR ...
In this study, we demonstrate that botulinum toxin can be used to chemically denervate muscles to test functional hypotheses. We injected research-grade type A botulinum toxin complex into pectoral fin abductors (abductor superficialis) of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) to determine whether chemical denervation would eliminate the ...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of lateral muscle loading on the stress/strain distributions of the trochanteric Gamma nail (TGN) fixation within the healed, trochanteric and subtrochanteric femoral fractures by means of a finite element method. The effect of three muscle groups, the abductors (ABD), the ...
Recent studies have described muscle synergies as overlapping, multimuscle groups defined by synchronous covariation in activation intensity. A different approach regards a synergy as a fixed temporal sequence of bursts of activity across groups of motoneurons. To pursue this latter definition, the present study used a principal component (PC) analysis tailored to reveal the ...
BackgroundIn-vitro mechanical tests are commonly performed to assess pre-clinically the effect of implant design on the stability of hip endoprostheses. There is no standard protocol for these tests, and the forces applied vary between studies. This study examines the effect of the abductor force with and without application of the anterior-posterior hip contact force in the ...
Complete absence or variations of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus; absence of the extrinsic extensors, abductor pollicis longus, thenar muscles along with congenital hypoplasia of the thumb; absence of flexor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis brevis; and bilateral absence of extensor ...
The function of the radial sesamoid bone (RS) in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) was examined by macroscopic study of RS-related bones and muscles. The RS was observed to be connected to the scapholunar and the 1st metacarpal bones. A joint cavity was present between the proximal surface of the RS and the distal area of the scapholunar bone but the RS possessed a ...
Spasmodic dysphonia is a focal laryngeal dystonia, a rare form of dystonia. Videostroboscopy, acoustic analysis, computerized voice analysis and over all electrophysiological analysis allow for the study of the different muscles involved in this dysphonia. There are two types of spasmodic dysphonia: adductor spasmodic dysphonia and abductor spasmodic ...
To be detected, movements of the interphalangeal joint of the big toe must be greater than at other joints. This poor acuity may arise because the anatomy of the foot and ankle results in poor coupling between the toe and the muscles that operate it. To vary this coupling, the effect of ankle position on proprioceptive acuity at the toe was measured.We measured proprioceptive ...
Highly selective activation of the desired muscles for each movement and inhibition of adjacent muscles is attributed to surround inhibition (SI) which differentially modulates corticospinal excitability in active and surrounding muscles. Cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI) is another inhibitory neuronal network which is known to be ...
It is an old observation that non-volitional arm abduction movements accompanied by a sensation of arm lightness often occur as an after-effect following forceful voluntary arm abductor contractions against a restraint. In the present study we have tested the hypothesis that such non-volitional, so-called �postural after-contractions� are tonic reflex responses to an ...
Objective:To evaluate the effects of plyometric training on muscle-activation strategies and performance of the lower extremity during jumping exercises.Subjects:Twenty healthy National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes.Design and Setting:A pretest and posttest control group design was used. Experimental subjects performed plyometric exercises 2 times ...
We provide quantitative anatomical data on the muscle-tendon architecture of the hare pelvic limb (specifically muscle mass, fascicle length, pennation angle, tendon mass and length). In addition, moment arms of major pelvic limb muscles were measured. Maximum isometric force and power of muscles, the moment of ...
We provide quantitative anatomical data on the muscle�tendon architecture of the hare pelvic limb (specifically muscle mass, fascicle length, pennation angle, tendon mass and length). In addition, moment arms of major pelvic limb muscles were measured. Maximum isometric force and power of muscles, the moment of ...
The foot has a unique anatomic composition and a perfect architecture which is necessary for mobilization. However, this complex structure is also responsible for healing problems in foot reconstruction. After 25 years of experience in diabetic foot surgery practice, we observed that some hindfoot ulcers are like an iceberg meaning they have much more involvement in plantar fat pad than skin and ...
Torque motor produced stretch of upper limb muscles results in two distinct reflex peaks in the EMG activity. While the short latency reflex (SLR) response is mediated largely by the spinal monosynaptic reflex pathway, the longer latency reflex (LLR) is suggested to involve a transcortical loop. For the SLRs, patterns of heteronymous monosynaptic Ia connections have been well ...
Objective. To describe the distribution and severity of muscle weakness using manual muscle testing (MMT) in 172 patients with PM, DM and juvenile DM (JDM). The secondary objectives included characterizing individual muscle group weakness and determining associations of weakness with functional status and myositis characteristics in ...
The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that epimuscular myofascial force transmission occurs between deep flexor muscles of the rat and their antagonists: previously unstudied mechanical effects of length changes of deep flexors on the anterior crural muscles (i.e., extensor digitorum longus (EDL), as well as tibialis anterior and ...
The goal of the present study was to investigate the firing behavior of populations of muscle spindle afferents in all the muscles acting on the ankle while this joint was being subjected to "writing-like" movements. First it was proposed to determine whether the ensemble of muscle spindles give rise to a unique, specific, and ...
Loss of abduction power is a common problem after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and may lead to severe limp and instability. A surgical reconstruction technique using a gluteus maximus flap transfer was developed to repair deficient abductor muscles and capsule. The gluteus maximus muscle was split as in a posterior approach to the hip, ...
The evidence for two functional roles of M. accessorius interosseus can be adduced as follows: (1) abduction of the whole finger is clearly required to resist the force of the thumb against the index during pinch grasp (Fig. 4) and when greater resistance is applied to the food, activity increases in the muscle. (2) The muscle also flexes the ...
This study aimed to investigate changes in the deep abductor muscles, gluteus medius (GMED), piriformis (PIRI), and gluteus minimus (GMIN), occurring in association with differing stages of unilateral degenerative hip joint pathology (mild: n=6, and advanced: n=6). Muscle volume assessed via magnetic resonance imaging was compared for ...
This work presents a study on the influence of the aqueous environment on the surface EMG (sEMG) signal recorded in bipolar montage from the abductor pollicis brevis muscle, when only the forearm is immersed in water. Ten men, 30.1+/-4.0 (mean +/- SD) years old, performed ten 2-s 40% MVC isometric contractions of the abductor pollicis ...
Primary musculoskeletal hydatidosis is less frequent than hydatidosis of the parenchymal organs. This localization has been little studied and so there is little information in the literature on the subsequent disease evolution. We present a case of primary hydatidosis of the abductor muscle that came to medical attention very late. After complete surgical ...
Hip and knee functions are intimately connected and reduced hip abductor function might play a role in development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) by increasing the external knee adduction moment during walking. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that reduced function of the gluteus medius (GM) muscle would lead to increased external knee ...
BackgroundThe development of osteoarthritis (OA) in the hand results in increased joint stiffness, which in turn affects the grip strength. The goal of the present study is to theoretically analyze the muscle forces in a thumb in response to the increased joint stiffness.MethodsThe thumb was modeled as a linkage system consisting of a trapezium, a metacarpal bone, a proximal ...
Among people who participate in sports, extra-articular soft tissue injuries around the hip are common. The hamstring, quadriceps, adductor, and abductor muscle groups are often the site of soft tissue injury. Overlapping conditions make it difficult to identify the primary cause of hip pain and dysfunction. A proper evaluation and diagnosis of the ...
Moment arms have an important modulating impact on muscle function, as they represent the capacity of the muscle to convert muscle action into limb movements. In the current paper, we provide muscle moment arm data of the forelimb of four siamangs, collected by detailed dissections on unfixed cadavers. The aim of ...
Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were inoculated into the denervated abductor digiti quinti muscle with street rabies virus. They were killed at various times after inoculation and several tissues were examined by immunofluorescence and light microscopy. Muscle at the inoculation site was examined electron microscopically. Rabies ...
The characteristics of the rhythmic motor output and behavior produced by intrinsic sacrocaudal networks were studied in isolated tail-spinal cord preparations of neonatal rats. An alternating left-right rhythm could be induced in the sacral cord by stimulus trains applied to sacrocaudal afferents at various intensities. Strengthening the stimulation intensity enhanced the rhythmic efferent firing ...
This study investigated the kinetic strategy and compensatory mechanisms during self-ambulatory gait in children with lumbo-sacral myelomeningocele. Thirty-one children with mid-lumbar to low-sacral myelomeningocele who walked without aids and 21 control children were evaluated by three-dimensional gait analysis. Joint moments in all planes at the hip and knee and sagittal moments at the ankle, as ...
1. Motor axons supplying various hind-limb muscles of the cat (flexor hallucis lingus, peroneus brevis, peroneus digiti quinti, tibialis anterior, soleus and tenuissimus) were identified as skeleto-fusimotor or beta axons because their repetitive stimulation elicited both the contraction of extrafusal muscle fibres and an increase in ...
Adductor hallucis (AH) is frequently employed in transposition onto the first metatarsal head to alleviate symptoms of hallux valgus. Although tis muscle receives sufficient anatomical description, it is often disregarded in clinical practice. The rare anomalies associated with AH, merit a detailed study owing to its contribution to the treatment of hallux ...
Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to assess the effectiveness of intracortical inhibition (ICI) acting on corticospinal neurons controlling three intrinsic hand muscles in humans. We hypothesised that the suppression of ICI with selective activation of a muscle would be restricted to corticospinal neurons controlling the ...
Muscle weakness is a recognised problem in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Changes in the understanding of motor control, and progress in the treatment of spasticity, have led to a greater appreciation that spastic muscles are also weak. In recent years weakness has been identified in isolated muscle groups, but studies quantifying ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate thumb postures, thumb movements and muscle activity when using mobile phones for SMS messaging and to determine whether there were differences in these exposures (a) across various mobile phone tasks, (b) between gender and (c) between subjects with and without musculoskeletal symptoms in shoulders and upper extremities. Fifty-six young ...
Reliability and measurement precision of manual muscle testing (MMT) and hand-held dynamometry (HHD) were compared for children with spina bifida. Strength measures were obtained of the hip flexors, hip abductors, and knee extensors of 20 children (10 males, 10 females; mean age 9 years 10 months; range: 5 to 15 years) by two experienced physical ...
The direct anterior approach in total hip replacement anatomically offers the chance to minimise soft-tissue trauma because an intermuscular and internervous plane is explored. This motivated us to abandon our previously used transgluteal approach and to adopt the direct anterior approach for total hip replacement. Using MRI, we performed a retrospective comparative study of the direct anterior ...
Dislocation is one of the most common complications of total hip arthroplasty. The use of constrained liners is an option for the management of chronic hip instability, typically used after other methods have failed. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the overall clinical outcomes and failure rates of a tripolar constrained liner design, to assess the radiographic outcomes of its use, and ...
Biomechanical model assumptions affect the interpretation of the role of the muscle or joint moments to the segmental power estimated by induced acceleration analysis (IAA). We evaluated the effect of modeling the pelvis and trunk segments as two separate segments (8 SM) versus as a single segment (7 SM) on the segmental power, support of the body, knee and hip extension ...
Interposition grafting material is used frequently to treat osteoarthritis of the base of the thumb or tendinous and ligamentous injuries of the hand. The observation of duplicated tendons in the first dorsal compartment of the hand prompted us to explore the possibility of using the accessory abductor pollicis longus (AAPL) tendon as grafting material. Based on dissections of ...
The afferent volley generated during neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can increase the excitability of human corticospinal (CS) pathways to muscles of the leg and hand. Over time, such increases can strengthen CS pathways damaged by injury or disease and result in enduring improvements in function. There is some evidence that NMES affects CS excitability differently ...
Baseline and synchronous evoked EMG activity were studied in wrist muscles of human subjects under conditions of transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex during the performance of different motor tasks. During recording, a subject had to hold a loaded handle with the thumb and index finger. When a subject increased the grip force (intentionally or under conditions ...
A temporal pattern coding, synchronization and rhythmicity form an integral part of central nervous system information controlling the muscle activation. Rhythmic oscillations of muscles at frequencies of 35-60 Hz were already noted in the electromyograms by Piper (1907). The purpose of this study was to resolve the Piper rhythm in the EMG of the APB ...
The physiological behavior of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle during early stage of fatigue is important as a reference for future clinical assessment of a pathologically altered muscle, as e.g. in carpal tunnel syndrome. The purpose of this study was to assess changes of force and surface electromyograms (sEMG) during early ...
Between 2003 and 2006, we used an extraarticular, cannulated, fully threaded posterior calcaneotibial screw to prevent equinus contracture in 10 patients (four male and six female patients, 14 limbs) undergoing tibial lengthening with the intramedullary skeletal kinetic distractor. Diagnoses were fibular hemimelia (two), mesomelic dwarfism (two), posteromedial bow (one), hemihypertrophy (one), ...
The exact mechanical function of synergist muscles within a human limb in vivo is not well described. Recent studies indicate the existence of a mechanical interaction between muscle actuators that may have functional significance and further play a role for injury mechanisms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if intermuscular force ...
Electrophysiological studies in anesthetized animals have revealed that pathways carrying force information from Golgi tendon organs in antigravity muscles mediate widespread inhibition among other antigravity muscles in the feline hindlimb. More recent evidence in paralyzed or nonparalyzed decerebrate cats has shown that some inhibitory pathways are ...
Several techniques are available for the correction of hallux abducto valgus, but none of them provide a direct and mechanically sound attachment to the lateral aspect of the first metatarsal head. The author describes adductor hallucis tendon ligamentation, a technique that produces direct stability between the first and second metatarsals. This stability is achieved by ...
Between November 2001�and January 2008, 56�patients (68�hands) out of 110�patients operated for spastic hand deformities, presented with spasticity of the intrinsic muscles of the long fingers (interosseii and the abductor pollicis brevis). All patients were adults (mean age 42.1�years). The surgical indication was discussed during ...
Hip loading affects bone remodeling and implant fixation. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of subject-specific modeling of hip geometry on muscle activation patterns and hip contact forces during gait, using musculoskeletal modeling, inverse dynamic analysis and static optimization. We first used sensitivity analysis to analyze the effect of isolated changes in ...
The purpose of this study was to analyze how the frequency of the Piper rhythm of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle (APB) and thus of the rhythmic synchronization of motor units changes with fatigue. Fourteen subjects participated in the study. The EMG signals were measured during maximum voluntary contractions, and a mimicked motor unit action potential ...
Background and PurposeCervical radiculopathy is a pathological process involving a nerve root of the cervical spine. The most common causes of radiculopathy are cervical disc herniation followed by cervical spondylosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dropped shoulder as a cause of lower cervical radiculopathy.MethodsIn total, 132 patients, comprising 105 women (79.5%) and 27 ...
1. Multi-unit surface EMG signals were recorded from the short and long thumb abductor muscles of seventy-five children aged from 4 to 15 years and from nine adults during simultaneous abduction and extension of the left and right thumb. Ability to perform independent finger movements was investigated by timing a series of sequential finger-to-thumb ...
BackgroundThe beating or fanning movements of three pairs of maxilliped flagella in crabs and crayfish modify exhalent gill currents while drawing water over chemoreceptors on the head. They play an integral part both in signalling by distributing urine odours, and in active chemosensation.ResultsThe rhythmical maxilliped movements start with maxilliped 3 followed after a delay of 15 to 20 ms in ...
Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a focal laryngeal dystonia, characterised by strangled, effortful speech with breaks in pitch and phonation. Injection of laryngeal muscles with BTX is widely used in the treatment of SD. A consecutive series of 169 patients with SD, of whom 144 were treated with BTX injections, seen at St. Vincent's Hospital between 1983 and 1999 were ...
The aim of this study was to compare the decomposition results obtained from high-density surface electromyography (EMG) and concurrently recorded intramuscular EMG. Surface EMG signals were recorded with electrode grids from the tibialis anterior, biceps brachii, and abductor digiti minimi muscles of twelve healthy men during isometric contractions ...
Study Objectives:The aim of our study was to determine which muscle or combination of muscles (either axial or limb muscles, lower or upper limb muscles, or proximal or distal limb muscles) provides the highest rates of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phasic electromyographic (EMG) activity seen ...
Performing a set of isometric muscular contractions to varied amplitudes with instructions to generate force most rapidly reveals a strong linear relationship between peak forces (PF) achieved and corresponding peak rates of force development (RFD). The slope of this relationship, termed the RFD scaling factor (RFD-SF), quantifies the extent to which RFD scales with contraction amplitude. Such ...
Many fish change gait within their aerobically supported range of swimming speeds. The effects of acute temperature change on this type of locomotor behavior are poorly understood. Bluegill sunfish swim in the labriform mode at low speeds and switch to undulatory swimming as their swimming speed increases. Maximum aerobic swimming speed (U(max)), labriform-undulatory gait transition speed ...
In normal subjects short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) is topographically modulated by cutaneous input, which may be important for focusing muscle activation during tasks. In patients with writer's cramp, a task-specific focal dystonia characterized by inappropriate and excessive muscle activation of the upper limb during certain motor tasks, ...
In adults, motoneurone pools of synergistic muscles that act around a common joint share a common presynaptic drive. Common drive can be revealed by both time domain and frequency domain analysis of EMG signals. Analysis in the frequency domain reveals significant coherence in the range 1-45 Hz, with maximal coherence in low (1-12 Hz) and high (16-32 Hz) ranges. The ...
In adults, motoneurone pools of synergistic muscles that act around a common joint share a common presynaptic drive. Common drive can be revealed by both time domain and frequency domain analysis of EMG signals. Analysis in the frequency domain reveals significant coherence in the range 1�45 Hz, with maximal coherence in low (1�12 Hz) and high (16�32 Hz) ranges. The ...
OBJECTIVE: Threshold tracking allows the non-invasive assessment of axonal excitability. This study aimed to determine whether axonal excitability of the motor axons of the median nerve (to APB) and ulnar nerve (to ADM) to the small muscles of the hands is sufficiently similar to be interchangeable; confirm the feasibility and reproducibility of ulnar studies and obtain ...
In order to investigate the nature (i.e. static or dynamic) of fusimotor drive to the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) muscles during locomotion we recorded Ia and group II muscle spindle afferent responses to sinusoidal stretch (0.25 and 1 mm amplitude, respectively, 4�5 Hz) in a decerebrate cat ...
1. The contribution of syringeal muscles to controlling the phonology of song was studied by recording bilateral airflow, subsyringeal air sac pressure, electromyograms (EMGs) of six syringeal muscles, and vocal output in spontaneously singing brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum). 2. EMG activity in musculus syringealis ventralis (vS), the largest syringeal ...
Background and PurposeAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients display easy fatigability and abnormal decrements on repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test of clinically involved limb muscles, which can result in ALS being misdiagnosed as myasthenia gravis. We retrospectively analyzed the RNS tests of ten ALS patients with only or predominant oropharyngeal symptoms without ...
The aim of this study was to describe and explain how individual muscles control mediolateral balance during normal walking. Biomechanical modeling and experimental gait data were used to quantify individual muscle contributions to the mediolateral acceleration of the center of mass during the stance phase. We tested the hypothesis that the hip, knee, and ...
Previous work has suggested that there may be a widespread disturbance of motor control mechanisms in patients with cervical dystonia. In the present study, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation to investigate the topography of the corticomotor projection to the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle in 10 subjects with idiopathic torticollis. ...
A chronic alcoholic who had also been submitted to partial gastrectomy developed a syndrome of continuous motor unit activity responsive to phenytoin therapy. There were signs of minimal distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Symptoms of the syndrome of continuous motor unit activity were fasciculation, muscle stiffness, myokymia, impaired muscular relaxation and percussion ...
The aim of the study was to assess if the observation of single or more complex muscle movements activates the premotor cortex in man. We stimulated by transcranial magnetic stimulation the right and left motor cortex recording from the abductor pollicis brevis of eight normal subjects, during observation of different movements performed by the examiner: ...
The process of deterioration of peripheral nerve function in familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) with amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTR) Val30Met has not been systematically evaluated hitherto. We performed nerve conduction studies in 69 patients with FAP with ATTR Val30Met from one of the endemic areas in Japan. Sensory conduction velocity (SCV), motor conduction velocity (MCV), the size of the ...
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a focal dystonia characterized by a strained, strangled voice. Botulinum toxin is a symptomatic treatment for SD and has become the mainstay of therapy over the last two decades. In this manuscript, we briefly review different laryngeal muscle hyperactivity syndromes, their injection techniques and toxins currently available. Adductor SD is the most ...
OBJECTIVES: To compare the hip and ankle range of motion and hip muscle strength in 8-11 year old novice female ballet dancers and controls. METHODS: Subjects were 77 dancers and 49 controls (mean (SD) age 9.6 (0.8) and 9.6 (0.7) years respectively). Supine right active hip external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) were measured using an inclinometer. A turnout ...
Manipulation of the nerve supply to the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle has potential for ameliorating the symptoms of some neurologic conditions such as abductor spasmodic dysphonia. The anatomy of the nerve supply to the PCA is better understood than in previous eras, but the anatomical understanding has not translated to clinical application yet. ...
Background Patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) have muscular weakness, impaired balance, and limp. Deficits in the different limb muscles and their recovery courses are largely unknown, however. We hypothesized that there is persisting muscular weakness in lower limb muscles and an impaired balance and gait 2 years after THA.Patients and methods 20 ...
We studied myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression and fiber type distribution in laryngeal muscles in the rabbit, cat, and baboon using immunohistochemistry with highly MyHC-specific antibodies. Two types of variation in MyHC expression were found: between muscles of different function within species and within specific muscles between ...
Bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVCP) is a life threatening condition and appears to be a good candidate for therapy using functional electrical stimulation (FES). Developing a working FES system has been technically difficult due to the inaccessible location and small size of the sole arytenoid abductor, the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle. A ...
BackgroundDevelopment of hip adductor, tensor fascia lata, and rectus femoris muscle contractures following total hip arthroplasties are quite common, with some patients failing to improve despite treatment with a variety of non-operative modalities. The purpose of the present study was to describe the use of and patient outcomes of botulinum toxin injections as an adjunctive ...
Kager's fat pad is located in Kager's triangle between the Achilles tendon, the superior cortex of the calcaneus, and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscle and tendon. Its biomechanical functions are not yet established, but recent studies suggest it performs important biomechanical roles as it is lined by a synovial membrane and its retrocalcaneal ...
Delayed hypopharyngeal perforations in tetraplegics are a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of anterior cervical spine instrumentation. To date, no established treatment regimen exists for these situations. A patient with traumatic tetraplegia sub-C4 was admitted to the hospital 14 days after anterior spinal fusion with an infected hypopharyngeal perforation. After hardware ...
Resistance exercise increases heme synthesis in the bone marrow, but it does not improve the hemoglobin status in severe iron-deficient rats on a diet containing less than 5�mg iron/kg. The current study investigated whether resistance exercise could mitigate hemoglobin status via increasing heme synthesis in moderately iron-deficient rats. Male 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an ...
The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of net joint moments in the lower extremities during walking on high-heeled shoes compared to bare-footed walking at identical speed. Fourteen female subjects walked at 4 km/h across three force platforms while they were filmed by five digital video-cameras operating at 50 frames/second. Both bare-footed walking and walking on high-heeled ...
Neuronal plasticity is to be kept within operational limits to serve its purpose as a safe memory system that shapes and focuses sensory and motor representations. Temporal and spatial properties of motor cortical plasticity were assessed in patients with writer's cramp using a model of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic efficacy. Paired associative stimulation ...
In focal hand dystonia, long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD)-like neuronal plasticity, as assessed by paired associative stimulation (PAS) targeting the hand-associated motor cortex, is enhanced and the topographic organization of plasticity is lost. However, if any of these abnormalities alone is sufficient to cause focal dystonia (FD) remains unknown. Ten patients with cervical ...
Excellent clinical results have been reported for total hip arthroplasty (THA) using a short stem. However, the range of variance in positioning of the stem has been reported to be wide. The authors hypothesized that the short stem position influences the femoral offset (FO) and hip abductor muscle strength (AMS) after surgery. The AMS was evaluated in 64 ...
The objective of the present study was to determine the instantaneous moment arms of 18 major muscle sub-regions crossing the glenohumeral joint during coronal-plane abduction and sagittal-plane flexion. Muscle moment-arm data for sub-regions of the shoulder musculature during humeral elevation are currently not available. The tendon-excursion method was ...
This study discusses the force-generating capacity of thumb muscles during jar-opening tasks using two grip patterns: the power grip and the precision grip. This study develops a three-dimensional biomechanical model of the thumb to predict muscle forces in jar-opening activities based on external forces measured by a custom-designed jar device. Ten ...
The objective of this study was to investigate three-dimensional thumb joint movements produced by individual extrinsic thumb muscles. Ten cadaveric arms were dissected to expose the musculotendinous junctions of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL), abductor pollicis longus (APL), extensor pollicis brevis (EPB), and extensor pollicis longus (EPL). Each ...
The rotator cuff performs multiple functions during shoulder exercises, including glenohumeral abduction, external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR). The rotator cuff also stabilizes the glenohumeral joint and controls humeral head translations. The infraspinatus and subscapularis have significant roles in scapular plane abduction (scaption), generating forces that are two to three times ...
A 38-year-old male was referred because of pain in the left 5th lumbar (L5) root territory. Physical examination found moderate motor weakness in the left extensor hallucis longus (EHL) and the left tibialis anterior muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging found no stenotic lesion between L4-L5, but disc herniation was observed on the left between L1-L2. An L5 ...
The botulinum toxin is a highly potent neurotoxin, used since several years in the treatment of the focal musculary dystonias. We define the laryngeal dystonia as a clinical entity, which is represented by a spasmodic dysphonia or an inspiratory dyspnea without dysphonia, related to a specific dystonia of the thyroarytenoid muscles. The laryngeal functional exploration (i.e. ...
The hypothenar eminence is of great surgical interest yet its complex anatomy is yet to be fully discovered. This review focuses on: the osteoligamentous floor and topography of the Guyon's canal and the carpal ulnar neurovascular space. The canal under the Pisohamate ligament must be individualized. It corresponds to the zone 2 of Shea and McClain where the deep branch of the ulnar nerve is ...
We tested whether task-dependent modulation of inhibition within the motor cortex is impaired in patients with dystonia. Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at an interstimulus interval of 2 msec was used to measure the effect of two different tasks on short ISI intracortical inhibition (SICI) in dystonic and normal subjects. In two experiments, SICI of the fourth dorsal ...
We tested whether task-dependent modulation of inhibition within the motor cortex is impaired in patients with dystonia. Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at an interstimulus interval of 2 ms was used to measure the effect of two different tasks on cortical inhibition (SICI) in dystonic and normal subjects. In two experiments, SICI of the fourth dorsal interosseus (4DIO) and ...
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a rare neurological disorder that emerges in middle age, is usually sporadic, and affects intrinsic laryngeal muscle control only during speech. Spasmodic bursts in particular laryngeal muscles disrupt voluntary control during vowel sounds in adductor SD and interfere with voice onset after voiceless consonants in ...
As their swimming speed increased, bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) switched from pectoral-fin-powered labriform swimming to undulations of the body axis. This gait transition occurred at a mean swimming speed of 0.24+/-0.01 m s(-1) and a pectoral fin beat frequency of 2.79+/-0.11 Hz (mean +/- s.e.m., N=6). The power output available from the main upstroke (adductor profundus) and downstroke ...
Both the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) possess a �false-thumb�, actually an enlarged radial sesamoid bone, which contributes to the gripping action of the hand. These species are not closely related, however, as one is an ursid and the other an ailurid, so the fact that they share this adaptation implies a remarkable convergence. We studied the ...
Both the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) possess a 'false-thumb', actually an enlarged radial sesamoid bone, which contributes to the gripping action of the hand. These species are not closely related, however, as one is an ursid and the other an ailurid, so the fact that they share this adaptation implies a remarkable convergence. We studied the functional ...
PURPOSE:: To verify the effects of functional stabilization training on lower limb kinematics, functional performance and eccentric hip and knee torques. METHODS:: Twenty-eight women were divided into a training group (TG; n = 14), which carried out the functional stabilization training during 8 weeks, and a control group (CG; n = 14), which carried out no physical training. The kinematic ...
Purpose:To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and investigate relationships among body composition, muscle strength, and physical function in elderly women in low-level aged care.Subjects and methods:Sixty-three ambulatory women (mean age 86 years) participated in this cross-sectional study where body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); ...
In a recent study Diogo & Abdala [(2007) JMorphol268, 504�517] reported the results of the first part of a research project on the comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the pectoral muscles of osteichthyans (bony fish and tetrapods). That report mainly focused on actinopterygian fish but also compared these fish with certain non-mammalian sarcopterygians. This ...
Many children with cerebral palsy walk with diminished knee extension during terminal swing, at speeds much slower than unimpaired children. Treatment of these gait abnormalities is challenging because the factors that extend the knee during normal walking, over a range of speeds, are not well understood. This study analyzed a series of three-dimensional, muscle-driven dynamic ...
Stiff-knee gait is a common walking problem in cerebral palsy characterized by insufficient knee flexion during swing. To identify factors that may limit knee flexion in swing, it is necessary to understand how unimpaired subjects successfully coordinate muscles and passive dynamics (gravity and velocity-related forces) to accelerate the knee into flexion during double ...
We used multi-channel surface electromyograms (EMGs) to examine if electrode location influences coherence measures derived from pairs of EMGs recorded from two hand muscles during a pinch task. A linear probe of 16 electrodes was used to estimate the location of the innervation zone in first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor pollicis brevis (APB). ...
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has revolutionized the care of patients with end-stage joint disease, leading to pain relief, functional recovery, and substantial improvement in quality of life. However, long-term studies indicate persistence of impairment and functional limitation after THA, and the optimal rehabilitation protocols are largely unknown. The aim of this paper was to systematically ...
BackgroundQuestions regarding the distribution of stress in the proximal human femur have never been adequately resolved. Traditionally, by considering the femur in isolation, it has been believed that the effect of body weight on the projecting neck and head places the superior aspect of the neck in tension. A minority view has proposed that this region is in compression because of muscular ...
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition affecting 1% of the population. Open carpal tunnel release is the most commonly performed procedure for this condition. About 70-90% of patients have good to excellent long-term outcomes with open carpal tunnel release. The remainder have poor outcomes. An understanding of factors which predict a poor outcome following open carpal tunnel release would ...
Interventional paired associative stimulation (IPAS) to the contralateral peripheral nerve and cerebral cortex can enhance the primary motor cortex (M1) excitability with two synchronously arriving inputs. This study investigated whether dopamine contributed to the associative long-term potentiation-like effect in the M1 in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Eighteen right-handed PD patients and ...
We examined the tension (force) responses induced by rapid temperature jumps (T-jumps) in electrically stimulated, intact fibre bundles (5�10 fibres, fibre length ?2 mm) isolated from a foot muscle (flexor hallucis brevis) of the rat; the muscle contains ?90 % type 2 fast fibres. In steady state experiments, the temperature ...
The objective of the present study was to assess the spatiotemporal scenario of brain activity associated with sensory stimulation of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. Spatiotemporal dipole models, using realistic individual boundary element head models, were built from somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs; 64 Ch. EEG) to nonpainful and painful ...
Although pathological muscle pain involves a significantly larger population than any other pain condition, the central mechanisms are less explored than those of cutaneous pain. The aims of the study were to establish the pain matrix for muscle pain in the full head volume and, further, to explore the possibility of a functional segregation to nonpainful ...
Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) swim in the labriform mode at low speeds, generating lift and thrust by beating their pectoral fins. The maximal power output available from the two largest pectoral fin adductor and abductor muscles, constituting half of the total pectoral girdle muscle mass, was measured in vitro and used to ...
1. The possibility of eliciting H reflexes in relaxed hand muscles using a collision between the orthodromic impulses generated by magnetic cortical stimulation and the antidromic motor volley due to a supramaximal (SM) peripheral nerve stimulus was investigated in seven subjects. 2. Magnetic stimuli, applied through a circular coil (outer diameter, 13 cm) centred at the ...
In the voluntary contractions, output force can be maintained constant although the inhibitory influences exerted by pain on muscle activity. We investigated changes in the spontaneous and evoked activity of the abductor digiti minimi muscle (ADM) and the biceps brachii muscle (BIC) in healthy volunteers during ...
Despite its abundance in Latin America, and its remarkable ability to use tools, there are only a few myological studies on the capuchin monkey, Cebus libidinosus. In the present study, we dissected the forearm extensor muscles of six adult males and two adult females of this species. We describe these muscles and compare them with those of other primates ...
Dystonia is a set of disorders characterized by abnormal postures and unwanted muscle spasms that interfere with motor performance. Focal dystonias, the most common, affect just 1 body part. A 25-year-old woman had a focal hand dystonia with pain and muscle spasms in the right hand after surgical treatment for thumb duplication. According to Wassel's ...
1. The stretch reflexes of the human abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and biceps brachii muscles were compared using small-amplitude sinusoidal stretching at 10-50 Hz and recording the surface EMG. The stimulus was applied either to the relevant proximal phalanx or to the biceps tendon while the muscle studied was contracting; the same ...
Objectives�To evaluate in a 12 month longitudinal study changes in hip and ankle range of motion and hip muscle strength in young female novice ballet dancers. Methods�Fifty three of the original 77 (69%) female dancers aged 8�11 years and 40 of the original 49 (82%) controls returned for follow up measurements one year later. Supine right active hip external (ER) and ...
Extensor hallucis longus tendon contracture can lead to hyperextension deformity of the big toe. We describe an endoscopic approach of Z-lengthening of the tendon. Extensor hallucis longus tendoscopy is performed with a distal portal at the level of the metatarsal neck and a proximal portal at the level of the navicular. At the distal portal, the medial ...
Spasmodic dysphonia is a focal form of laryngeal dystonia that causes unintended contractions of vocal folds with speech interruptions and affecting the voice quality. There are adductor (82%), abductor (36%), mixed (1%) types and reported by Blitzer--respiratory adductor type with paradoxical vocal fold movement and stidor. As an example of diagnostic and therapeutic ...
The number of total hip replacement (THR) surgeries has increased significantly over the last few years and patients undergoing surgery are of decreasing age. In consequence the question of the influencing factors for the survival of artificial hip joints becomes more and more urgent. The expected survival time of an implant is nowadays 15-20 years and it seems that factors for a shorter lifetime ...
A boy was born with a right duplicated thumb (Wassel type 6) and a left radial club hand (type 3) associated with a hypoplastic thumb (type 3B). He underwent surgical centralization of the left wrist when he was 13 months old. At age 38 months, he underwent reconstruction of the carpometacarpal joint of the hypoplastic left thumb. This procedure involved transplantation of the radial ray of the ...
The restoration of the hip centre of rotation in an anatomical position is considered to be relevant for total hip prosthesis survival. When the cup is implanted with a high centre of rotation, the lever arm of the abductor muscles is decreased, causing higher joint-reaction forces. Modular stems with varying lengths and geometries can be used to balance ...
Patients with writer's cramp (WC) show abnormalities of sensorimotor integration possibly contributing to their motor deficit. We studied sensorimotor integration by determining short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) in 12 WC patients and 10 age-matched healthy controls. A conditioning electrical median nerve stimulus was followed 14 to 36 msec later by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the ...
Perineural cysts are believed to be asymptomatic; however, they rarely cause symptoms related to nerve root compression. Cervical symptomatic perineural cysts are in fact exceedingly rare. There are no reported cervical perineural cysts in the literature that present like cubital tunnel syndrome. A patient with motor weakness of the abductor and adductor ...
Resistant hip infection in adults can be a complicated problem that does not respond to surgical and medical treatment. In such cases, the only remaining option is excision arthroplasty. This line of treatment can eradicate the infection but also is associated with poor function. In some cases, conversion of excision arthroplasty to artificial joint replacement is associated with too great a risk ...
The management of orthopedic problems in spina bifida has seen a dramatic change over the past 10 years. The negative effects of spasticity, poor balance, and the tethered cord syndrome on ambulatory function are better appreciated. There is less emphasis on the hip radiograph and more emphasis on the function of the knee and the prevention of knee pain. The importance of the hip ...
Eleven patients over 40 years old, with median nerve lesions at the wrist, were operated on an average of 5 months after their injury. In six patients, the median nerve was repaired using a polypropylene mesh applied to secure the nerve stumps in contact, thereby allowing for direct repair with microsutures. Six patients had their median nerve repaired with sural grafts. The average gap length was ...
Several inconsistent causative biomechanical factors are considered to be crucial in the occurrence of iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS). The focus of this study was on assessing differences in the kinematic characteristics between healthy runners [control group (CO)] and runners with ITBS in order to recommend treatment strategies to deal with this injury. Three-dimensional kinematics of barefoot ...
The manipulation mechanism of the giant panda (Ailuropida melanoleuca) was examined by means of CT (computed tomography) and 3-dimensional (3-D) Volume Rendering techniques. In the 3-D images of the giant panda hand, not only the bones but also the muscular system was visualised. Sections of the articulated skeleton were obtained. It was demonstrated that the hand of the panda is equipped with ...
The human finger possesses a structure called the extensor mechanism, a web-like collection of tendinous material that lies on the dorsal side of each finger and connects the controlling muscles to the bones of the finger. In past robotic hand designs, extensor mechanisms have generally not been employed due in part to their complexity and a lack of understanding of their ...
