... injury'. is a major cause of post-trauma mortality and is characterized by both immunosuppression and cytokine aberrations. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) that frequently occurs post-injury'. is a major cause of post-trauma mortality and is characterized by both immunosuppression and cytokine aberrations. This research focuses on identifying the relative co...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Respiratory viruses such as parainfluenza virus (PIV) in individuals with certain genetic predispositions in early life are associated with the induction of wheezing, which can progress to the development of asthma. It has been suggested that aberrant production of various cytokines due to viral infection are associated with virus-induced asthma. However, ...
PubMed
PubMed Central
During the past few years there has been significant progress in understanding the mechanisms by which abnormal T cell responses are generated in allergic diseases [1, 2]. Peripheral T cell tolerance to environmental antigens is crucial for a healthy immune response and avoidance of allergy. The balance between T helper 2 (Th2) cells and T regulatory ...
... molecular epidemiological study evaluates the impact that variability in cytokine ... that deficits in cytokine responses due to genetic or environmental ...
Glycoprotein 130 (gp130) is a shared receptor utilized by several related cytokines, including IL-6, IL-11, IL-27, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF), Oncostatin M (OSM), Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF), Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1) and Cardiotrophin-like Cytokine (CLC). Gp130 plays critical roles during development and gp130-deficient mice are embryonically ...
While high serum concentrations of immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein are responsible for much of the morbidity associated with Waldenstr�m's macroglobulinemia (WM), the mechanisms controlling IgM secretion in this malignancy remain unknown. The Jak/Stat signaling pathway mediates the effects of most cytokines involved in stimulating immunoglobulin ...
Myelin abnormalities that reflect damage to developing and mature brains are often found in neurological diseases with evidence of inflammatory infiltration and microglial activation. Many cytokines are virtually undetectable in the uninflamed central nervous system (CNS), so that their rapid induction and sustained elevation in immune and glial cells contributes to ...
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) is a disorder of defective lymphocyte apoptosis due to mutations of the Fas receptor and other molecules in the Fas signaling pathway. In addition to accumulation of CD4(-) CD8(-) double-negative (DN) T cells, many patients display a dysregulated cytokine pattern with dysfunctional T cells, suggesting Fas defects may impact ...
This article explores the pathological evidence that supports the hypothesis that infection and inflammation are underlying mechanisms in SIDS. It reviews the pathological findings in relation to the risk factors reported for SIDS and compares these findings with other hypotheses suggested as causes of these unexplained deaths in infants. The roles of environmental factors and bacterial products ...
... The studies detailed here have attempted to elucidate the role of the cytokine and neurotrophin response in the CNS in response to VEE infection ...
... Accession Number : ADA310494. Title : Response of Artificial Human Skin to Irritants: Cytokine and Prostaglandin Release. ...
Aspects of the immunological relationship between mother and conceptus still remain a mystery, although the recent advances in molecular biology have enlightened some of the parameters that participate in fetomaternal cross-talk during implantation. The atypical expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the specific role of some hormones and cytokines, as well as ...
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease resulting from a loss of tolerance to multiple self antigens, and characterized by autoantibody production and inflammatory cell infiltration in target organs, such as the kidneys and brain. T cells are critical players in SLE pathophysiology as they regulate B cell responses and also infiltrate target tissues, ...
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an important etiologic factor in the development of colorectal cancer. However, the mechanism underlying the development of colorectal cancers through chronic inflammation is not known. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) was originally identified as an inducer of somatic hypermutation in the immunoglobulin gene. We recently found that the ...
Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common fatal monogenic disease in the United States, results from mutations in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel. The mechanisms by which CFTR mutations cause lung disease in CF are not fully defined but may include altered ion and water transport across the airway epithelium and aberrant inflammatory and immune ...
Immune system-related pathology is common in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) patients and mice that lack the protein kinase, A-T mutated (ATM). However, it has not been studied how ATM influences immune responses to a viral infection. Using the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection model, we show that ATM(-/-) mice, despite having fewer na�ve CD8? T cells, ...
Immunoregulatory cytokines are the hormonal factors that direct and fine-tune effector reactions of immune responses. Spectacular advances in technologies for isolation and purification of these cytokines, in particular the development of monoclonal antib...
... medium (CM), the production of bone-derived cytokines in response to BC cells in vivo, the presence of functional cytokine receptors on OBs and ...
... medium (CM), the production of bone-derived cytokines in response to BC cells in vivo, and the presence of functional cytokine receptors on ...
... It is not known it bacterial and viral products induce overlapping sets of cytokines or if the virus response is completely dependant on interferon. ...
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairment in social interactions, communication deficits, and restricted repetitive interests and behaviors. A potential role for immune dysfunction has been suggested in ASD. To test this hypothesis, we investigated evidence of differential cytokine release in plasma samples obtained from 2 to 5 year-old children with ASD ...
Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficient homocystinuria (HCU) is an inherited metabolic defect that if untreated, typically results in cognitive impairment, connective tissue disturbances, atherosclerosis and thromboembolic disease. In recent years, chronic inappropriate expression of the inflammatory response has emerged as a major driving force of both thrombosis and ...
Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that ethanol exposure prior to injury alters local and systemic inflammatory responses, increasing morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the aberrant inflammatory responses can directly and indirectly lead to the poor prognosis after injury by altering leukocyte infiltration into the wound ...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract involving aberrant activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. We have used two complementary models of IBD to examine the roles of interleukin (IL)-12 family cytokines in bacterially induced intestinal inflammation. Our results ...
Thyroglobulin (TG), as autoantigen, induces in vitro proliferation of T and B cells from normal individuals, but the cytokine production differs from that in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Here, we investigate whether normal T cells responding to TG are naive, or have previously encountered TG in vivo, using their responses to classic primary ...
BackgroundEbolavirus species Zaire (ZEBOV) causes highly lethal hemorrhagic fever, resulting in the death of 90% of patients within days. Most information on immune responses to ZEBOV comes from in vitro studies and animal models. The paucity of data on human immune responses to this virus is mainly due to the fact that most outbreaks occur in remote ...
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic disease and constitutes a huge social and economic burden for the whole country. AD usually heralds other allergic diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. The pathogenesis of AD remains to be studied but generally includes abnormal skin barrier and aberrant cutaneous immune responses. Biomarkers are ...
The contribution of virus-specific T lymphocytes to the outcome of acute hepadnaviral hepatitis is well recognized, but a reason behind the consistent postponement of this response remains unknown. Also, the characteristics of T-cell reactivity following reexposure to hepadnavirus are not thoroughly recognized. To investigate these issues, healthy woodchucks (Marmota monax) ...
Sepsis is a leading cause of death that is characterized by uncontrolled inflammatory response. In this study, we report that scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), a high density lipoprotein receptor, is a critical survival factor of sepsis. We induced sepsis using an established septic animal model, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). CLP induced 100% fatality in SR-BI-null mice but ...
Aberrancies in T-cell polarization including expression of chemokine receptors have been reported in human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II associated autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) and rheumatoid arthritis. We asked whether these aberrancies are present at birth in newborn infants carrying the HLA risk haplotypes for T1D. Sixty-seven ...
BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mice have recently been reported to have behaviors that resemble those of autistic individuals, in that this strain has impairments in social interactions and a restricted repetitive and stereotyped pattern of behaviors. Since immune responses, including autoimmune responses, are known to affect behavior, and individuals with autism have ...
Interferons (IFNs) type-1 (IFN alpha/beta) and type-II (IFN-gamma) are the most pleiotropic molecules in the intricate cytokine network. This dominance arises from three crucial factors: (i) initiation of IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma production at the inception of most innate immune responses, which primes for the ensuing adaptive immune ...
It is leading up to the proofs testifying about the general-biological nature of adaptive response (AR), which is similar unspecific defense effect: for example, small doses induce cytokines synthesis, providing the resistance to different infectious agents. The connection between AR, DNA-repair, anti-oxidative status, expression of TP53 gene is discussed. ...
Asthma has long been characterized as a disease of dysregulated T-helper type 2 immune responses to environmental allergens. Clinical studies suggest that asthma is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct types of inflammatory processes. Accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant interleukin (IL)-17 production is a key determinant of severe forms of ...
Accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunction of T cells underlies the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We revealed that SLE T cells produced an abnormally excessive amount of IFN-?in vitro upon stimulation through TCR, and the expression level of TCR zeta was significantly reduced. The production of IFN-? by SLE T cells was negatively correlated with the expression level of ...
Purification of lymphocytes, particularly T cells, is commonly performed using nylon wool. This enrichment method selectively retains B cells and some myeloid cells allowing a significantly more pure T cell population to flow through a nylon wool column. T cells purified in this fashion are assumed to be unaltered and functionally na�ve, however some studies have suggested ...
Summary:? Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that sense microbial molecules and endogenous danger signals in intracellular compartments. Inflammasome assembly results in caspase-1 activation, which in turn drives maturation and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1? (IL-1?) and IL-18, and induces pyroptosis to eliminate the infectious agent. The ...
The oral administration of soluble protein antigen results in profound immunological tolerance. However, the tissue location and function of antigen-presenting cells (APC) that stimulate this response remain unclear. We have hypothesized that the properties of cells presenting antigen to naive T cells within the gut are involved, and therefore gut APC should stimulate T-cell ...
... concurrent fasting. Exercise superimposed on infection and associated anorexia amplified these aberrations. Superimposed ...
Although the virological features of serologically silent hepadnaviral primary occult infection (POI) have been relatively well recognized in the woodchuck model of hepatitis B virus infection, the characteristics of accompanying immune responses remain unknown. In this study, the kinetics of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)-specific and generalized (mitogen-induced) T-cell ...
... M. Bruckner, P. Fuchs, and M. Molls. Rapid detection of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitor ... ...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
... a high frequency of chromatid-type aberrations. A high frequency of radiation-induced chromatid aberrations is characteristic of AT cells ... ...
Abnormal maternal inflammation during pregnancy is associated with spontaneous pregnancy loss and intrauterine fetal growth restriction. However, the mechanisms responsible for these pregnancy outcomes are not well understood. In this study, we used a rat model to demonstrate that pregnancy loss resulting from aberrant maternal inflammation is closely ...
O-linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) post-translational modifications originate from the activity of the hexosamine pathway, and are known to affect intracellular signaling processes. As aberrant responses to microenvironmental signals are a feature of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), O-GlcNAcylated protein levels were measured in primary CLL cells. ...
cytokines elicited in response to "super antigens" on the infectious agents. ... cytokine responsible for activation of NK cells to express ...
NASA Website
Proinflammatory cytokines play a critical role in innate host defense against extracellular bacteria. However, little is known regarding the effects of these cytokines on the adaptive humoral response. Mice injected with a neutralizing anti-tumor necrosis...
Westling S, Ahr�n B, Tr�skman-Bendz L, Brundin L. Increased IL-1? reactivity upon a glucose challenge in patients with deliberate self-harm. Objective:? A disturbed glucose metabolism has been observed in patients with aggressive behaviour. Interleukin (IL)-1? is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that can induce hypoglycaemia, but has also been suggested to be involved in the ...
Evidence strongly suggests that excessive or protracted signaling, or both, by cell-surface or intracellular innate immune receptors is central to the pathogenesis of most autoimmune and autoinflammatory rheumatic diseases. The initiation of aberrant innate and adaptive immune responses in autoimmune diseases can be triggered by microbes and, at times, by ...
Growth hormone (GH) controls hepatic physiology to a large extent through the transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 5. Here, we focus on lessons learned from the physiology and pathophysiology of mice with disrupted Ghr and Stat5 loci. We discuss that hepatosteatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma observed in the absence of STAT5 can be explained in part ...
Inflammation is paradoxical; it is essential for protection following biological, chemical or physical stimuli, but inappropriate or misdirected inflammation is responsible for tissue injury in a variety of inflammatory diseases. The polarization of immune cells is critical in controlling the stages of inflammatory response. The acute phase of inflammation ...
Cells are exposed to a large variety of cytokines that signal through corresponding cytokine receptors. In healthy tissues or tissues that respond properly to disturbed homeostasis, the cross-talk of a few conserved core signaling pathways downstream of the cytokine receptors is translated into an adequate cellular ...
SummaryThere is an increasing awareness of the role of inflammation in cancer. Immune responses can limit the growth of some tumors, but paradoxically, may promote the growth of others. Cytokines are critical mediators of both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. In this chapter, we will describe several methods for the ...
Cytokines play an important role in regulating immune response to infection. Vitamin E has been noted to impact cytokine production. However, individual response to vitamin E supplementation varies. Previous studies indicate that cytokine production is heritable, and common single nucleotide ...
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Autism, an incurable neurodevelopmental brain disorder, is a complex psychopathology in which the affected individual cannot effectively self-regulate their sensory inputs toward coherent and focused motor outputs. There have been many hypotheses as to the etiology of autism - genetics, neurotransmitter imbalances, early childhood immunizations, xenobiotic and teratogenic agents, and maternal ...
BackgroundThere was a large scale outbreak of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in China and Vietnam during 2006 and 2007 that resulted in unusually high morbidity and mortality among pigs of all ages. The mechanisms underlying the molecular pathogenesis of the highly virulent PRRS virus (H-PRRSV) remains unknown. Therefore, the relationship between ...
An organism's behavior is determined by the way it senses and perceives the surrounding environment, and by its responses to these stimuli. The major factors known to affect the behavioral response to an event are genetic background, environmental factors, and past experiences, and their imprinting on the relevant brain circuits. Recently, circulating ...
