... cancer induction in human and experimental ... with paired duplicated chromosomes or diplochromosomes ... The chromosome aberration data from ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... Abstract : Genomic instability is a common feature of human cancer, and is associated with aberrant mitosis, aneuploidy, and other chromosomal ...
... involved in cancer induction in human and experimental ... asymmetrical exchange between two chromosomes resulting in a chromosome with two ...
Aberrant DNA methylation of promoter region CpG islands is associated with gene silencing and serves as an alternative to mutations in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in human cancers. Our lab has identified novel gene, TMS1, that is aberrantly...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
... human cancer: chromosome instability induced by p53 ... correlates with numerical chromosomal aberrations, Genes Chromosomes Cancer. ...
They cause genetic chromosomal aberrations in marine life and are suspected of causing cancer in humans. Source: bleaching paper, making some herbicides.
NASA Website
Structural Chromosome Aberrations Formed in Response to Changes in Proton ... Cancer 1: How can experimental models of tumor development for the major ...
There is now accumulating evidence to suggest that aberrant expression of cyclin D 1 and cyclin E occurs in human breast cancer and overexpression of these two oncogenes is associated with poor prognosis in primary breast cancers. To define the role of cy...
There is now accumulating evidence to suggest that aberrant expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E occurs in human breast cancer and overexpression of these two oncogenes is associated with poor prognosis in prirnary breast cancers. The role of cyclin D1 an...
Cancer 5: How can models of cancer risk be applied to reduce the uncertainties in ... Structural Chromosome Aberrations Formed in Response to Changes in Proton ... in radiation carcinogenesis and extrapolated to human risk projections? ...
While the aberrant overexpression of HER family receptors is known to be involved in breast cancer, the complex nature of the genetic events that trigger the development of breast cancer remain to be identified. We have developed, refined and applied retr...
_1 REVIEW Most Effective Colon Cancer Chemopreventive Agents in Rats: A Systematic Review of Aberrant Crypt-blinded (11-15). Clearly, no agent is yet ready for colon cancer chemoprevention in humans, except, may be precursors of colon cancer, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), ...
E-print Network
Polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM), the product of the MUC1 gene, is expressed in an aberrant form by human breast cancer cells. It is a known, potential target for cytotoxic T lymphocytes of patients with the disease. Cloning of the MUC1 gene and the dev...
The basic hypothesis of this project is that aberrant cytosine methylation of the BRCA-1 CpG island promoter is a mechanism of BRCA-1 gene inactivation in sporadic human breast cancer. To test this hypothesis, archived frozen human breast cancer specimens...
Human breast cancer is characterized by the altered expression of growth factors, growth factor receptors and kinases. Downstream effectors of these molecules are transcription factors which presumably control aberrant gene expression regulating cell grow...
Cancer Chromosome Aberration Project (CGAP) Description: An initiative to integrate cytogenetic and physical maps of the human genome. Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC) clones, mapped at a resolution of 1-2 MB across all human chromosomes, will
Cancer.gov
AbstractThe maspin gene functions as a tumor suppressor in human breasts, and its expression is frequently lost during breast cancer progression. In vitro models of human breast cancer indicate that the loss of maspin expression is closely linked to aberrant methylation of the maspin promoter. ...
PubMed Central
Science at The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center gains its strength and focus from multidisciplinary approaches to cancer, grounded in the genomics and basic biology of the mouse. Accurate preclinical models for human cancers are a foundation for translational research, a proving ground for target identification and ...
The evolution of human cells into malignant derivatives is driven by the aberrant function of genes that positively and negatively regulate various aspects of the cancer phenotype, including altered responses to mitogenic and cytostatic signals, resistanc...
Aberrant DNA methylation of promoter region CpG islands is associated with gene silencing and serves as an alternative to mutations in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in human cancers. We identified a gene TMS1 (for Target of Methylation-mediat...
Constitutively active forms of Notch receptors have been shown to have oncogenic potential in several cell-types. Aberrant expression of Notch signaling pathway components has been detected in several human tumors, including breast cancer. Since Ras signa...
Genomic instability is a common feature of human cancer, and is associated with aberrant mitosis, aneuploidy, and other chromosomal irregularities 1). Genomic instability likely arises from centrosome abnormalities that induce spindle defects, leading to ...
Different aspects of cytogenetics, such as the molecular structure of eukaryotic chromosomes, computerized analyses of chromosomes, evolution of karyotypes, chromosomes and cancer, chromosomes in genetic toxicology, and chromosomal aberrations (-induction, -in human populations, -in human eggs and sperm) are ...
Energy Citations Database
Exposure to asbestos minerals has been associated with a wide variety of adverse health effects including lung cancer, pleural mesothelioma, and cancer of other organs. It was shown previously that asbestos samples collected from a local asbestos factory enhanced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations in vitro ...
... Accession Number : ADA438496. Title : Prediction of Breast Cancer Risk by Aberrant Methylation in Mammary Duct Lavage. ...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small, regulatory, non-coding RNA molecules, display aberrant expression patterns and functional abnormalities in human diseases including cancers. This review summarizes the abnormally expressed miRNAs in various types of human cancers, possible mechanisms ...
PubMed
Constitutive activation of NF-?B occurs in a significant percentage of human cancers. Genetic abnormalities of tumors often enhance normal NF-?B signaling. Chronic inflammation is also associated with constitutive NF-?B activation and increases the risk of cancer. Aberrant NF-?B activation favors cellular ...
Mouse models of intestinal tumors have advanced our understanding of the role of gene mutations in colorectal malignancy. However, the utility of these systems for studying the role of epigenetic alterations in intestinal neoplasms remains to be defined. Consequently, we assessed the role of aberrant DNA methylation in the azoxymethane (AOM) rodent model of colon ...
Tumor-associated chromosomal translocations frequently result in the expression of chimeric fusion proteins that behave as aberrant transcription factors. These fusions can act as dominant oncoproteins that are necessary for the formation and maintenance of specific human cancers.
... Goodwin, and B. E. Lehnert. Alpha particles initiate biological production of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide in human cells. Cancer Res 57:3963� ... ...
NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure
Human breast cancer genesis and progression is caused by the aberrant function of genes that positively and negatively regulate aspects of cell proliferation, apoptosis, genome stability, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis( 1). Discovery and functional...
There is abundant evidence to suggest that DNA methylation changes may appear earlier during prostate cancer development than genetic changes, as well as more commonly and consistently. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether aberrant m...
Phosphoprotein progesterone receptor (PR) is a key mediator of sex hormone progesterone, which regulates the development and differentiation of many organs including mammary glands. Aberrant activity of PR may be involved in breast cancer development. We ...
1997 Altered expression of the WT1 Wilms tumor suppressor gene in human breast cancer. Proc Natl AcadAberrant Alternative Splicing of Thyroid Hormone Receptor in a TSH-Secreting Pituitary Tumor.Q.Z.), Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724 Patients with TSH-secreting pituitary tumors (TSHomas) have high
In this issue of Cancer Cell, Kikushige et�al. report the surprising finding that, in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) aberrantly generate clonal B cells with CLL-like phenotypes, which implicate HSC in the pathogenesis of this mature lymphoid malignancy and has major implications for CLL ...
A molecular marker-based method for monitoring and detecting cancer in humans. Aberrant methylation of gene promoters is a marker for cancer risk in humans. A two-stage, or "nested" polymerase chain reaction method is disclosed for detecting methylated DNA sequences at sufficiently high levels ...
DOE Information Bridge
PrefaceNF-?B transcription factors play a key role in many physiological processes, such as innate and adaptive immune responses, cell proliferation, cell death, and inflammation. It has become clear that aberrant regulation of NF-?B and the signaling pathways that control its activity are involved in cancer development and progression, as well as in ...
Human cancers have been found to include transformed stem cells that may drive cancer progression to metastasis. Here we report that metastatic colon cancer contains clonally derived tumor cells with all of the critical properties expected of stem cells, including self-renewal and to the ability to differentiate ...
The MUC1 oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in 80-90% of human breast carcinomas. Little, however, was known about the role of MUC1 in the development of breast cancer. The Specific Aims of this Idea Award were: (1) To determine if MUC1 overexpressio...
The goal of this project is to test and to develop a new class of drugs, polyamide, which can selectively and effectively inhibit the function of transcription factors whose aberrant regulation of gene expression is associated with human breast cancer. Th...
In in vitro test systems, chrysotile is markedly toxic, causes chromosomal aberrations, and is capable of inducing morphological and preneoplastic transformation. In carefully designed animal experiments, chrysotile produces lung cancer and mesothelioma as effectively as do the amphiboles tested. Human population studies do not refute ...
The Notch signalling cascade influences several key aspects of normal development by regulating differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Its association to human cancer is firmly established in T-cell leukaemia where point mutations or chromosomal translocations lead to constitutive signalling. Accumulating data indicate that deregulated Notch ...
Although the thymidine analog radiation sensitizer bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) increases radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations, it is not known whether these aberrations are uniformly distributed among chromosomes. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we carried out a study to test the hypothesis that BrdUrd-induced radiosensitization may be ...
Human cancer cells frequently have regions of their DNA hypermethylated, which results in transcriptional silencing of affected genes and promotion of tumor formation. However, it is still unknown whether cancer-associated aberrant DNA methylation is targeted to specific genomic regions, whether this methylation ...
Human cancer cells typically harbour multiple chromosomal aberrations, nucleotide substitutions and epigenetic modifications that drive malignant transformation. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pilot project aims to assess the value of large-scale multi-dimensional analysis of these molecular characteristics in ...
Human cancer cells typically harbor multiple chromosomal aberrations, nucleotide substitutions and epigenetic modifications that drive malignant transformation. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pilot project aims to assess the value of large-scale multidimensional analysis of these molecular characteristics in ...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as new players in the cancer paradigm demonstrating potential roles in both oncogenic and tumor suppressive pathways. These novel genes are frequently aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers, however the biological functions of the vast majority remain unknown. ...
Recent evidence has demonstrated that aberrant reactivation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway contributes to tumor initiation and progression in various human malignancies, including pancreatic cancer; therefore, the Hedgehog pathway has emerged as a promising novel therapeutic target. Initial translational studies conducted using ...
There is now considerable and increasing evidence for a causal role of aberrant activity of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases in human cancers. These GTPases act as GDP-GTP-regulated binary switches that control many fundamental cellular processes. A common mechanism of GTPase deregulation in cancer is the ...
Studies in the past few years have provided compelling evidence for the critical role of aberrant Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) in malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. Thus, it is now generally accepted that STAT3 is one of the critical players in human cancer formation and represents a valid target ...
... Accession Number : ADA431579. Title : Y Chromosome Aberrations in Prostate Cancer. Descriptive Note : Final rept. 1 Mar 1999-31 Aug 2004. ...
... Accession Number : ADA421200. Title : Y Chromosome Aberrations in Prostate Cancer. Descriptive Note : Annual rept. 1 Sep 2002-31 Aug 2003. ...
... Accession Number : ADA411604. Title : Y Chromosome Aberrations in Prostate Cancer. Descriptive Note : Annual rept. Phase II. ...
... Accession Number : ADA404706. Title : Y Chromosome Aberrations in Prostate Cancer. Descriptive Note : Annual rept. 1 Sep 2000-31 Aug 2001. ...
Page 1. AD_____ AWARD NUMBER: DAMD17-01-1-0421 TITLE: Prediction of Breast Cancer Risk by Aberrant ...
Numerous studies link arsenic exposure to human cancers in a variety of tissues, including the prostate. Our prior work showed that chronic arsenic exposure of the non-tumorigenic, human prostate epithelial cell line, RWPE-1, to low levels of (5 microM) sodium arsenite for 29 weeks resulted in malig...
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
The long-term cytogenetic effect of radio- or chemotherapy or both on male germ cells was evaluated by study of the chromosomal abnormalities in spermatozoa of four men treated for cancer 5-18 years earlier. The cytogenetic analysis of 422 sperm metaphases showed no differences in the aneuploidy rate. The incidence of structural chromosome aberrations was ...
Two rapidly evolving fields are converging to impact breast cancer: one has identified novel substrates of metalloproteinases that alter immune cell function, and the other has revealed a role for inflammation in human cancers. Evidence now shows that the mechanisms underlying these two fields interact in the context of breast ...
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of deaths, yet many aspects of the biology of the disease and a routine means of its detection are lacking. We have used protein microarrays and autoantibodies from cancer patients to identify proteins that are aberrantly expressed in ovarian tissue. Sera from 30 cancer patients ...
Advances in cytogenetics and molecular biology has established that chromosomal alterations are critical in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Recurrent chromosomal alterations provide cytological and molecular markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. They also facilitate the identification of genes that are important in carcinogenesis, which in ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The discovery of microRNAs as a novel class of gene expression regulators has led to a new strategy for disease diagnostics and therapeutics. Cell cycle, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis are all regulated by microRNAs. Several general principles linking microRNAs and cancer have been recently reviewed; therefore, the current review focuses specifically on the perspective ...
ABSTRACT Cancer of the urinary bladder and colon are significant human health concerns. Epidemiological studies have suggested a correlation between these cancers and the chronic consumption of drinking water containing disinfection by-products (DBPs). The present study...
EPA Science Inventory
Survivin is a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, and its aberrant expression in cancer cells has been shown to be associated with tumorigenesis, cancer progression, radiation/drug resistance and shorter patient survival. Survivin is also expressed in certain human adult tissues and ...
Over-expression of AURKC has been detected in human colorectal cancers, thyroid carcinoma and several cancer cell lines. However, the regulation and clinical implications of over-expressed AURKC in cancer cells are unclear. Here we show that elevated AURKC increases the proliferation, transformation and migration ...
BackgroundEpigenetic alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of solid tumors, however, proto-oncogenes activated by promoter demethylation have been sporadically reported. We used an integrative method to analyze expression in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and pharmacologically demethylated cell lines to identify aberrantly demethylated and ...
... terminal deletion including telomere loss, and other aberrations related to chromosomal instability or cancer initiation, incorporating applications to ...
This report describes the quantification of chromosomal aberrations by flow cytometry. Both homogeneously and heterogeneously occurring chromosome aberrations were studied. Homogeneously occurring aberrations were noted in chromosomes isolated from human ...
Based on experimental studies of human eye monochromatic aberrations, the eye models are proposed which take into account the individual features of eye aberrations of patients.
There is currently a wealth of information regarding the mutations that contribute to cancer development. Most of these mutations alter the expression and activity of signal transduction proteins. The current goal in cancer therapy is to use our knowledge of the molecular alterations in a cancer cell to choose the most appropriate ...
... We have linked the work of cancer geneticists with cell biologists to begin to understand the functional role that some of the consistently aberrantly ...
... PROSTATE CANCER, UNITED STATES, GENES, RETINOIC ACIDS, CANCER SCREENING, SULFITES, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, MORTALITY ...
Most human cancers are aneuploid and have chromosomal instability, which contrasts to the inability of human cells to normally tolerate aneuploidy. Noting that aneuploidy in human breast cancer correlates with increased expression levels of the Mps1 checkpoint gene, we investigated whether ...
Alternative splicing is a key molecular mechanism for increasing the functional diversity of the eukaryotic proteomes. A large body of experimental data implicates aberrant splicing in various human diseases, including cancer. Both mutations in cis-acting splicing elements and alterations in the expression and/or activity of splicing ...
A relationship between inactivation of mitotic checkpoint genes and sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer agents has been reported. We investigated the effect of epigenetic inactivation by aberrant hypermethylation of the mitotic checkpoint gene CHFR (checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger) on the sensitivity of cervical cancer ...
The consumption of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) as food is associated with a high incidence of cancer in humans and animals. We investigated the cytogenetic effects of bracken-fern extracts (hexane extract-HE, ethanol extract-EE, hot water extract-HWE and cold water extract-CWE) on chromosomes of peritoneal and bone-marrow cells of Swiss mice. In ...
Malignant Melanoma remains one of the most deadly human cancers with no effective cures for metastatic disease. The poor efficacy of current therapy in advanced melanoma highlights the need for better understanding of molecular mechanisms contributing to the disease. Recent work has shown that epigenetic changes, including aberrant DNA ...
Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of male cancer deaths in the United States. However, the full range of prostate cancer genomic alterations is incompletely characterized. Here we present the complete sequence of seven primary human prostate cancers and their paired normal ...
Satellite repeats in heterochromatin are transcribed into noncoding RNAs that have been linked to gene silencing and maintenance of chromosomal integrity. Using digital gene expression analysis, we showed that these transcripts are greatly overexpressed in mouse and human epithelial cancers. In 8 of 10 mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs), ...
