Isolated popliteal venous entrapment is unusual and often caused by variation or aberrant origins of the gastrocnemius muscle, thickened perivenous fascia or an abnormal vascular bundle. We report a unique case of a fit and well 35-year-old man with popliteal venous entrapment after presenting to the vascular unit with symptomatic ...

For an accurate assessment of jaw movement, it is crucial to understand the comprehensive formation of the masticatory muscles with special reference to the relationship to the disc of the temporomandibular joint. Detailed dissection was performed on 26 head halves of 14 Japanese cadavers in order to obtain precise anatomical information of the positional relationships between ...

We investigated the anatomical structure of the smooth muscle layers of the mid portion of the canine ureter. In transverse sections the inner muscle bundles appear to be oriented longitudinally and the outer muscle bundles appear to be oriented in a circular configuration. In sections cut ...

... and outer surfaces functioned as preventing unsuitable large particles from ... muscles, namely, a smooth and a quick muscle bundle. The latter acts ... ...

Contractile actomyosin bundles are critical for numerous aspects of muscle and nonmuscle cell physiology. Due to the varying composition and structure of actomyosin bundles in vivo, the minimal requirements for their contraction remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that actin filaments and filaments of smooth ...

The relation between shortening heat and sarcomere length was studied using fibre bundles dissected from frog semitendinosus muscles, as well as using whole muscles. The velocity of shortening was at its maximum. The unstimulated muscles showed a large thermoelastic absorption of heat when released at long ...

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate and compare the conduction parameters of nerve bundles in the ulnar nerve that innervates the forearm muscles and hand muscles; routine electromyography study merely evaluates the nerve segment of distal (hand) muscles.MethodsAn electrophysiological evaluation, consisting of ...

An aberrant psoas major muscle fascicle is described in a human male cadaver. It arose by a tendinous arch spanning the body of L4 and the transverse process of L5, ran an independent course along the pelvic brim to blend with psoas major fibers proximal to the inguinal ligament. PMID:4096419

In echinoderms, the circumesophageal muscle is mesodermal in origin. Several studies of sea urchins have reported that the molecular events of myogenesis occur during the differentiation of the circumesophageal muscle in early embryogenesis. In contrast, few detailed reports have examined the differentiation of the circumesophageal ...

... with many bundles of elastic fibers. The lingual mucosa is covered by a multilayered keratinized epithelium. The ... structures of the hyoid cartilage, lingual muscles, and mucosa; the distribution of mec...

... Figure 2-1. Two fluid micro'vaues meter desired amounts of acid or base through an irrigation system to a bundle of contractile fibers. 3 Model ...

Muscle fibre bundles comprising the four major muscles of mastication in the human being were studied in cadavers. Markers were placed along each muscle fibre bundle by means of serial dissections. The 3D coordinates of each marker were tabulated and imported to Cinema 4D, a software animation ...

A system of exact ray-tracing formulae has been developed for two spherical mirrors. The bundles of rays are supposed to be paralell between the mirrors. For a particular case, ie. the mirrors used in the horizontal spectrograph in the tower telescope at ...

We examined the regeneration of muscle fibers in the soleus muscle of mature (12 months) and aged (24 and 27 months) rats by using electron microscopy. In both mature and aged muscles, regenerating muscle fibers were mainly formed within the scaffolds of basal laminae after necrosis. In the aged ...

The three-dimensional arrangement of muscle fibres and nerve elements in the rabbit ureter was examined by scanning electron microscopy after removal of fibrous elements by the HCl-trypsin digestion method. The ureteral muscle coat consisted of an interlacing network of muscle bundles made up of varying numbers of ...

BackgroundNormal urinary bladder function requires bidirectional molecular communication between urothelium, detrusor smooth muscle and sensory neurons and one of the key mediators involved in this intercellular signaling is ATP. Ectonucleotidases dephosphorylate nucleotides and thus regulate ligand exposure to P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors. Little is known about the role ...

1. In the nerve�muscle preparation, where catch was characteristically minimal, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) had no effect on resting membrane potential, junction potentials, spikes or contraction. 2. In muscle bundles, where catch was prominent, 5-HT did not change membrane potentials, but prolonged junction potentials and lowered the ...

The evaluation of wide QRS complex tachycardias (WCT) remains a common dilemma for clinicians. Numerous algorithms exist to aid in arriving at the correct diagnosis. Unfortunately, these algorithms are difficult to remember, and overreliance on them may prevent cardiologists from understanding the mechanisms underlying these arrhythmias. One distinct subcategory of WCTs are those that present with ...

The masticatory muscles are usually classified into four groups: masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid. The communicating muscle bundle between the temporalis and masseter called the zygomaticomandibular muscle exists. The laminations within these muscles are commonly ...

Mar 1, 2011 ... hing-limb muscles composed primarily of type 1. ... Abstract: Chromosome aberrations were investigated in human lymphocytes after in vitro ...

Mar 1, 2011 ... hing-limb muscles composed primarily of type 1. ... Abstract: Chromosome aberrations were investigated in human lymphocytes after in vitro ...

We have set up a system to rapidly freeze muscle fibers during contraction to investigate by electron microscopy the ultrastructure of active muscles. Glycerinated fiber bundles of rabbit psoas muscles were frozen in conditions of rigor, relaxation, isometric contraction, and active shortening. Freezing was carried ...

Non technical summary? In a recent study we showed that dihydrotestosterone (DHT), but not testosterone, increases force production in fast contracting muscles and decreases it in slow contracting ones. These findings led us to suggest that DHT may be a better muscle building hormone than testosterone. In the present study, we have examined the effects of ...

Studies were performed on 60 human fetuses of both sexes of 35 to 365 mm C.-R. length (9-40 weeks). The psoas minor muscle was found in 25.8% of cases independently of sex and body side. In 6.45% of cases the muscle continued into psoas major muscle by short, weakly developed tendon. In 97.5% of studied fetuses junctions between ...

The tertiary component of the myenteric plexus consists of interlacing fine nerve fibre bundles that run between its principal ganglia and connecting nerve strands. It was revealed by zinc iodide-osmium impregnation and substance P immunohistochemistry at the light-microscope level. The plexus was situated against the inner face of the longitudinal muscle ...

1. A cytochemical study on the succinic dehydrogenase activity of the respiratory muscles of Channa punctatus reveals that the Adductor mandibularis is made up entirely of white muscle fibers. 2. The Adductor, Dilator and Levator operculi are composite muscles and composed of white as well as red fiber bundles. ...

Langer's axillary arch is a recognized muscular anomaly characterized by an accessory muscular band crossing the axilla that rarely causes symptoms. We describe a patient who presented with an upper limb deep vein thrombosis caused by this aberrant muscle, which we believe is the first reported case. Axillary surgery with division of the ...

Congenital ocular aberrant innervations can involve oculomotor, trigeminal, abducens, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves.(1) Involvement of the trochlear nerve is considered rare or nonexistent.(1) In this report we present a case of upper eyelid retraction while looking in the field of action of the superior oblique muscle, indicating a primary superior ...

Double-chambered right ventricle is a congenital anomaly in which the right ventricle is divided into 2 portions by anomalous muscle bundles. These cases often present in children, but rarely in adults. We discuss 2 cases of double-chambered right ventricle, in patients aged 42 and 35 years. When cases remain asymptomatic until adulthood, they ...

Aim:? As muscles fatigue, their ability to generate mechanical work decreases as a result of decreased force generation and, in cyclic activity, slower relaxation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a compliant tendon, connected in series with a muscle, would increase sustained work output during cyclic contractions. Methods:? Experiments ...

Abstract�Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the process of wavefront propagation and arrhythmogenesis in human atria, technical concerns and issues of patient safety have limited experimental investigations. The present work describes a finite volume�based computer model of human atrial activation and current flow to complement these studies. Unlike previous ...

The frequency of slow waves recorded from circular muscle bundles with attached longitudinal muscle (intact muscle) was compared with that of slow potentials recorded from isolated circular muscle bundles (isolated muscle) from the guinea-pig stomach. ...

Muscle fibres of the locust extensor tibiae (jumping muscle) were examined by interference microscopy and by electron microscopy. The electrical responses of single fibres and the mechanical responses of bundles or selected regions to the nerve fibres were examined. Four axons innervate the muscle: fast (FETi), ...

The hump attachment structure was morphologically examined in the two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus). The cranial hump is fixed by the trapezius and rhomboid muscles in the thoracic region. The strong collagen sheet in the basement of the hump is attached to the segmented bellies of the trapezius muscle, and the thoracic rhomboid ...

Interactions of multiple molecular motors with bundles of actin and microtubule filaments form the basis for many cytoskeletal processes including axonal growth, muscle contraction, cell division and platelet formation. Continuum models based on generalized diffusion equations have been suggested to quantify the dynamics of such active ...

Interactions of multiple molecular motors with bundles of actin and microtubule filaments form the basis for many cytoskeletal processes including axonal growth, muscle contraction, cell division and platelet formation. Continuum models based on generalized diffusion equations have been suggested to quantify the dynamics of such active ...

The present text is a summary of original work describing individual variation in mechanical filter properties between different sensory hair bundles in the frog crista ampullaris. The difference relies on a variation of the degree of development of stereocilia within each bundle. Active control of mechanical properties is implied by the finding that media ...

chicken gizzard R-calponin (CaP) was produced as described in Gong et al. (24), and the protein. Intact proteins such as chicken smooth muscle calponin and egg white lysozyme also bundle F, polyethylene glycol; DTT, dithiothreitol; CaP, calponin; MARCKS, myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C

Iatrogenic right ventricular pre-excitation failed to abolish right bundle-branch block in two patients. When `exclusive' His bundle pacing was performed, the QRS complexes, St-V, and St-LVE intervals were similar to the ventricular deflections, H-V, and V-LVE (intervals) recorded during sinus rhythm. `Exclusive' pacing of the ordinary ...

The purpose of this investigation was to describe the anatomy of the communicating (anastomotic) vessels between the gastrocnemius muscle heads and to record the extent of their supply potential. Ensuing clinical implications are discussed. Fourteen fresh cadaveric gastrocnemius muscles were examined. Detailed dissections of the communicating vessels were ...

vascular network increases pressure inside the vaginal capillaries and results in lubrication - the corpora cavernosa of the clitoris consist of a fibroelastic network and bundles of smooth muscle. Pelvic, abuse, etc. Iatrogenic Medications, gynecologic surgery Vascular Cardiovascular disease, diabetes

... ubiquitous actins, such as K+ or Mg2+-dependent polymerization into filaments, binding with muscle heavy meromyosin to ... have a potent inhibitory activity for Tetrahymena actin polymerization, but have ...

The styloglossus is one of the three extrinsic muscles of the tongue; it enters the tongue from behind. During human dissection practice for dental students at the Showa University School of Dentistry in 2006, the authors observed anomalous muscle arising from the inner surface of the mandibular angle and inserting into the tongue bilaterally. This ...

The evaluation of wide QRS complex tachycardias (WCT) remains a common dilemma for clinicians. Numerous algorithms exist to aid in arriving at the correct diagnosis. Unfortunately, these algorithms are difficult to remember, and overreliance on them may prevent cardiologists from understanding the mechanisms underlying these arrhythmias. One distinct subcategory of WCTs are those that present with ...

We performed cDNA cloning of chicken breast muscle connectin. Together with previous results, our analysis elucidated a 24.2 kb sequence encoding the amino terminus of the protein. This corresponded to the I-band region of the skeletal muscle sarcomere, which is involved in extension and contraction between the Z-line and the A-I junction. There were fewer ...

We conducted a prospective randomised study of anatomical single-bundle (A-SB group) versus double-bundle (A-DB group) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the hamstrings tendons. Twenty patients with unilateral ACL deficiency were randomised into two groups. We created the bone tunnels at the position of the original insertion of the ...

STUDY DESIGN.: Basic science study of the rabbit multifidus muscle response to intervertebral disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE.: To assess changes in passive mechanical properties, associated protein structure, and histology of multifidus in response to disc degeneration produced by experimental needle puncture. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: Relationships have been reported between ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the passive mechanical properties and titin isoform sizes of the multifidus, longissimus, and iliocostalis muscles. Given our knowledge of each muscle�s architecture and the multifidus� operating range, we hypothesized that multifidus would have higher elastic modulus with corresponding smaller titin isoforms ...

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the gross arrangement of the principal muscular bundles of the two atria, and to suggest how it may contribute to contraction and spread of atrial excitation. DESIGN--A prospective analysis based on anatomical examination of adult human hearts. SETTING--A national heart and lung institute and a tertiary referral centre for cardiac disease. MATERIAL--9 ...

The biomechanics of vocal fold abduction and adduction during phonation, respiration, and airway protection are not completely understood. Specifically, the rotational and translational forces on the arytenoid cartilages that result from intrinsic laryngeal muscle contraction have not been fully described. Anatomic data on the lines of action and moment arms for the intrinsic ...

A method of fabricating Hill-Downing type, planar thermopiles by vacuum-deposition techniques is described in detail. The present model was designed for initial heat measurements on rabbit papillary muscles as small as 1 mg blotted wt, but it is also suitable for small bundles of frog muscle fibers (30-75). The thermopile has 20 or 14 ...

Decellularized skeletal muscle is a promising model that can be used to study cell-matrix interactions and changes that occur in muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) in myopathies and muscle wasting diseases. The goal of this study is to develop a novel method to decellularize skeletal muscle that maintains the native ...

Phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chains (RLCs) activates contraction in smooth muscle and modulates force production in striated muscle. RLC phosphorylation changes the net charge in a critical region of the N terminus and thereby may alter interactions between the RLC and myosin heavy chain. A series of N-terminal charge mutations in the ...

The role of extracellular K+ concentration in the propagation velocity of action potential was tested in isolated rat skeletal muscles. Different K+ concentrations were produced by KCl additions to extracellular solution. Action potentials were measured extracellularly by means of two annular platinum electrodes. Fibre bundles of m. soleus (SOL), m. ...

Skeletal muscles arise by cellular differentiation and regulated gene expression. Terminal differentiation programmes such as muscle growth, extension and attachment to the epidermis, lead to maturation of the muscles. These events require changes in chromatin organization as genes are differentially regulated. Here, we identify and ...

In order to clarify the morphological adaptation for gliding behavior in the marsupial mammals, the gliding membrane muscles in the sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) were observed. Unlike the styliform cartilage in flying squirrels, the sugar glider has a well-developed tibiocarpalis muscle in the most lateral area of the gliding membrane. The gliding ...

Poland's anomaly is an uncommon congenital aberration of the chest wall characterized by absence of the pectoralis major muscle and other nearby musculoskeletal components. In this series, a wide spectrum of thoracic deformities was associated with the Po...

Apr 21, 2011 ... Ambulatory Data Acquisition System 1 (ADAS1) ... + Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes of Astronauts (99-E010) hardware results - Skip to next page + Effect of Prolonged Space Flight on Human Skeletal Muscle ...

In order to improve the reconstruction of orbicularis oris muscle and philtral contour and the effect of repair in the cleft lip, orbicularis oris muscle was dissected on three adult cadavers and two newborns with normal lip. Histological studies of seven newborn cadavers were made with sections in transverse, sagittal and coronal planes and stained with ...

The deformation of rat skin in response to cooling and stimulation of nerve fibers innervating the muscles piloerectors and vasoconstrictors has been studied by optical coherent microscopy. It has been found that the deformation of the skin on cooling occurs due to the contraction of bundles of collagen fibers rather than smooth ...

The radiographic and computed tomographic findings of a gastric duplication cyst contiguous to the stomach first diagnose in a 13-year-old-woman are presented. She revealed pyloric stenosis and chronic relapsing pancreatitis. In the smooth muscle wall and the connective tissue of the cyst lay aberrant pancreatic tissue and large neural bands. PMID:1891271

A single incision is generally used to dissect the extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) muscle flap. However, in addition to exposure difficulties, this single incision may cause problems at donor sites, since both the dorsalis pedis vascular bundle and the sinus tarsi branch of the lateral tarsal artery require careful dissection. Thus, we modified the ...

Mitochondria regulate cellular bioenergetics and apoptosis and have been implicated in aging. However, it remains unclear whether age-related loss of muscle mass, known as sarcopenia, is associated with abnormal mitochondrial function. Two technically different approaches have mainly been used to measure mitochondrial function: isolated mitochondria and permeabilized myofiber ...

The anatomical organization of the motoneuronal columns of the soleus and lateral gastrocnemius muscle and of the related premotor interneurons was studied in rats, using the retrograde transneuronal transport of WGA-HRP. Motoneurons of the gastrocnemius muscle have a well-developed dendritic arborization which spreads into the transverse plane of the ...

We tested the hypothesis that melanin has a role as a molecule within the thyroid-mediated cascade. Light microscopic and ultrastructural changes in the skeletal muscle during tail resorption in tadpoles of the tropical frog Clinotarsus curtipes Jerdon (Anura: Ranoidea) were observed. Light microscopic analysis at metamorphic stage XVIII showed a melanized epidermis. A gradual ...

Skeletal muscle is a fibrous tissue composed by muscle fibers and interstitial fluid. Due to this constitution, the muscle presents a non uniform refractive index profile that origins strong light scattering. One way to improve tissue transmittance is to reduce this refractive index mismatch by immersing the muscle ...

Activated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, which are suitably annealed, cross-linked and hydrolyzed, are known to contract and elongate when immersed in acidic and alkaline solutions, respectively. The key engineering features of PAN fibers are its capability of changing length more than 100 percent and its comparable strength to human muscle. A new technique that allows one to ...

The plane between longitudinal and circular muscle of human colon, as revealed on examination with light and electron microscopes, has no clear-cut border. Some groups of smooth muscle cells, obliquely oriented and with features similar to both circular and longitudinal ones--the connecting muscle bundles--run from ...

The models of a thin filament based on different structures of G-actin and the modes of their packing into helical structure have been compared with the experimental data obtained on thin bundles of skeletal muscle fibres in the relaxed state. The contribution of the main components of the thin filament to the intensity of the actin layer lines was ...

1. The energetic cost of work performance by mouse fast- and slow-twitch muscle was assessed by measuring the rates of thermal and mechanical energy liberation of the muscles at 21 degrees C. Thermal energy (heat) liberation was measured using a fast-responding thermopile. 2. Bundles of muscles fibres from the ...

THE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM COMPRISES ELONGATED FIBER PATHWAYS THAT REPRESENT A SERIOUS CHALLENGE FOR DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING (DTI) AND FIBER TRACTOGRAPHY: while tracking of frontal fiber bundles may be compromised by the nearby presence of air-filled cavities, nerves, and eye muscles, the anatomic courses of the three main fiber bundles ...

The human visual system comprises elongated fiber pathways that represent a serious challenge for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography: while tracking of frontal fiber bundles may be compromised by the nearby presence of air-filled cavities, nerves, and eye muscles, the anatomic courses of the three main fiber bundles ...

A muscle biopsy that, by light microscopy, exhibited mild atrophy consistent with chronic denervating disease was submitted for ultrastructural analysis. Inorganic structures within the tissue were defined by energy dispersive analysis as aluminosilicates, magnesium silicates, and iron deposits. These structures were localized in the interstitial (intercollagenous) area and in ...

FIGURE 4. Muscle fibers tailor mitochondria positioning to their requirements. Cross sections of muscle fibers from the "red" bundle of the rat sternomastoid (A) and from the swimbladder muscle of the toadfish (B). The latter is one of the fastest known muscles, responsible for a ...

ABSTRACT Calcium is essential for many biological processes involved in cellular motility. However, the pathway by which calcium influences motility, in processes such as muscle contraction and neuronal growth, is often indirect and complex. We establish a simple and direct mechanochemical link that shows how calcium quantitatively regulates the dynamics of a primitive motile ...

Major components of the cardiac conduction system including the sinoatrial node (SAN), atrioventricular node (AVN), the His Bundle, and the right and left bundle branches are too small to be directly visualized by multidetector CT (MDCT) given the limited spatial resolution of current scanners. However, the related anatomic landmarks and variants of this ...

Calcium is essential for many biological processes involved in cellular motility. However, the pathway by which calcium influences motility, in processes such as muscle contraction and neuronal growth, is often indirect and complex. We establish a simple and direct mechanochemical link that shows how calcium quantitatively regulates the dynamics of a primitive motile system, ...

AbstractCalcium is essential for many biological processes involved in cellular motility. However, the pathway by which calcium influences motility, in processes such as muscle contraction and neuronal growth, is often indirect and complex. We establish a simple and direct mechanochemical link that shows how calcium quantitatively regulates the dynamics of a primitive motile ...