... farsightedness and spherical aberration as they affect shooting performance. ... In his dis- cussions of spherical aberration, he identified the need to ...

Seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum were x-irradiated at doses of 25 to 150 RR and effects on growing seedlings were observed. Morphological changes such as aberrant leaves and fasciation of the stem were noted. Shoot apices were prepared for cytological and histological studies and microscopic examinations revealed many ...

Maintenance of indeterminacy is fundamental to the generation of plant architecture and a central component of the plant life strategy. Indeterminacy in plants is a characteristic of shoot and root meristems, which must balance maintenance of indeterminacy with organogenesis. The Petunia hybrida HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) gene, a member of the GRAS family of transcriptional ...

Maintenance of indeterminacy is fundamental to the generation of plant architecture and a central component of the plant life strategy. Indeterminacy in plants is a characteristic of shoot and root meristems, which must balance maintenance of indeterminacy with organogenesis. The Petunia hybrida HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) gene, a member of the GRAS family of transcriptional ...

Post-irradiation identification and dose estimation are required to assess the radiation-induced effects on living things in any nuclear emergency. In this study, radiation-induced morphological/cytological changes i.e., number of root formation and its length, shooting length, reduction in mitotic index, micronuclei formation and chromosomal ...

Strigolactones are considered a new group of plant hormones. Their role as modulators of plant growth and signalling molecules for plant interactions first became evident in Arabidopsis, pea, and rice mutants that were flawed in strigolactone production, release, or perception. The first evidence in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) of strigolactone deficiency is presented here. Sl-ORT1, previously ...

Various kinds of aberrant plant growths affecting stems and leaves were observed in plants grown in the first generation after treatments with x rays and BETA rays from /sup 32/P and /sup 24/S on five varieties of jute. The stem abnormalitles, in all cases, persisted unttl maturity while most of the leaf abnormalities did not continue beyond the seventh-leaf stage. ...

Specific responses to chronic irradiation with daily doses up to 375 r/ day are described for plants of Nicotiana bigelovii (2n = 24), N. glauca (2n = 48), and N. bigelovii x N. glauca (2n = 36). Induced irregularities in the growth of stems, leaves, and buds are described and correlated with the histological appearances. The three stocks differ in degree of radiosensitivity and each ...

One of the most fascinating aspects of plant morphology is the regular geometric arrangement of leaves and flowers, called phyllotaxy. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) determines these patterns, which vary depending on species and developmental stage. Auxin acts as an instructive signal in leaf initiation, and its transport has been implicated in phyllotaxy ...

... morphology in some western North American species of Allium. Madroño 22:10�24. Miller, J. M. 2003. ... ...

Jun 16, 2011... reduce seedling quality and summarizes several common morphological and ... Keywords: height, stem diameter, shoot:root, cold hardiness, ...

Hydraulic and light environments have variation within the crown in well-grown trees. Shoot morphology and shoot hydraulics were compared between the upper and lower crown or among branching patterns in well-grown Quercus crispula Blume. Shoots in the upper crown had longer and thicker axes and lower water ...

Artificial conditions of tissue culture affect growth and physiology of crassulacean acid metabolism plants which often results in formation of hyperhydric shoots. In in vitro conditions Mammillaria gracilis Pfeiff. (Cactaceae) growth switches from organized to unorganized way, producing a habituated organogenic callus which simultaneously regenerates ...

A comparative morphological analysis of P. arenaria herbarium specimens from different geographic locations has made it possible to describe the diversity of shoots and distinguish several ecomorphological types of plants. It has been shown that P. arenaria plants in overmoistened sites have a prostrate form with anisotropic shoots, ...

In plant morphology, most structures of vascular plants can easily be assigned to pre-established organ categories. However, there are also intermediate structures that do not fit those categories associated with a classical approach to morphology. To integrate the diversity of forms in the same general framework, we constructed a theoretical morphospace ...

Adaptive Optics: An Introduction and Overview Mike Hein PH464 � Applied Optics Dr. Andres La and techniques of correcting optical aberrations using adaptive optical components. Introduction: The twinkling Company to create a system of adaptive optics to allow the U.S. military to shoot down satellites

The exact mechanism of aflatoxin action is not clearly understood. In the present investigation the authors report morphological aberrations and increased rate of hemolysis caused by aflatoxins in vitro.

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites known to modulate plant growth and development. A primary function of flavonols, a subgroup of flavonoids, is thought to be the modification of auxin fluxes in the plant. Flavonols in the cell are glycosylated, and the repressor of lrx1 (rol1) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, affected in rhamnose biosynthesis, have a modified flavonol glycosylation profile. A ...

(1982) Veronica chamaedrys Scrophulariaceae 0.18 2 0 0 Johnston (1992) Viburnum opulus Caprifoliaceae 30

Morphological aberrations in Typha populations inhabiting a once thermally stressed aquatic system on the Savannah River Plant in South Carolina were investigated by using both morphological and enzymatic procedures. No evidence of hybridization or introgression between T. latifolia and T. domingensis was found. Exposures of these ...

Backgrounds and AimsShoot demography affects the growth of the tree crown and the number of leaves on a tree. Masting may cause inter-annual and spatial variation in shoot demography of mature trees, which may in turn affect the resource budget of the tree. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of masting on the temporal and spatial variations ...

Anisophylly is a special case of shoot dorsiventral symmetry in which leaf size and form differ between dorsal and ventral sides of the shoot. Anisophylly is normally coupled with leaf and stem asymmetry, modified phyllotaxis, and anisoclady. Anisophylly may be expressed throughout the shoot system (habitual anisophylly) or restricted ...

The immediate short term effects on some physiological processes and the long term effects on morphology and reproductive development of root- and shoot-chilled soybeans (Glycine max L. cv Ransom) were studied. Roots or shoots of 16- or 17-day-old plants were chilled at 10�C for one week, and then rewarmed to 25�C. Leaf elongation ...

Variations in the growth and morphology of three North American fresh-water macrophyte species, Elodea canadensis Michx., Potamogeton nodosus Poiret (P. americanus), and Vallisneria americana Michx., were investigated over broad experimental ranges of light and temperature. Response variables considered in the study included biomass production, shoot ...

Cotyledonary nodes taken alongwith shoot apex from seedlings of cotton (G. hirsutum) proliferated into shoots on nutrient agar medium supplemented with cytokinins. In the presence of optimal plant growth regulators, low light intensity enhanced the number of shoots initiated per explant in cotton. An average of 33.5 +/- 2.9 ...

In Tristichoideae, aquatic angiosperms in the family Podostemaceae, Terniopsis, Tristicha, Indotristicha and Cussetia have creeping roots with flanking (sub)cylindrical shoots, while Dalzellia is rootless and has crustose shoots. Indodalzellia gracilis, sister to a clade of Dalzellia zeylanica and Indotristicha ramosissima, has subcrustose ...

Background and AimsMorphology of crown shoots changes with tree height. The height of forest trees is usually correlated with the light environment and this makes it difficult to separate the effects of tree size and of light conditions on the morphological plasticity of crown shoots. This paper addresses the ...

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) can be efficiently eradicated from raspberry plants (Rubus idaeus) by a procedure combining thermotherapy and cryotherapy. However, the bottleneck of this procedure is that, following thermotherapy, cryopreserved shoot tips become chlorotic during regrowth and eventually die after several subcultures. In addition, survival of heat-treated ...

The possibility of demonstrating the chimerical structure of somatic mutants in Solanum tuberosum by means of ionizing irradiation was investigated. A somatic subdividedleaf mutant of the variety President was studied. This mutant was isolated in 1957 and shown to remain stable during five years' propagation. Eye-excision experiments, in which 50 tuber halves were tested, ...

� Premise of the study: The difference reported in the literature for the Specific Leaf Area (SLA, cm(2)/g) of leaves on short- and long-shoots of Acer rubrum could mean that SLA can serve as a quantitative morphological trait. Our survey of SLA in canopies of Ginkgo biloba sampled a different clade of seed plants to investigate this ...

Formation of lateral organ primordia from the shoot apical meristem creates boundaries that separate the primordium from surrounding tissue. Morphological and gene expression studies indicate the presence of a distinct set of cells that define the boundaries in the plant shoot apex. Cells at the boundary usually display reduced growth ...

A study of the chemical contents and sizes of gunshot residue originating from 9�18mm PM ammunition, depositing in the vicinity of the shooting person was performed by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Samples of the residue were collected from targets placed at various distances in the range 0-100cm as well as from hands and ...

We describe a novel phenotype in Arabidopsis embryos homozygous for the temperature-sensitive topless-1 mutation. This mutation causes the transformation of the shoot pole into a root. Developing topless embryos fail to express markers for the shoot apical meristem (SHOOT MERISTEMLESS and UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS) and the hypocotyl ...

Roots of white spruce seedlings (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) undergo respiratory changes during the year that are related to changing metabolic requirements. An alternative pathway is always present, functions during most of the year, and operates maximally during periods of root and shoot growth. Although some differences in respiration and the apportioning of respiration can ...

An experiment was conducted at the Duke University Phytotron to determine the nature and extent of genetic variation in response to elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide in 44 families from two populations of Plantago lanceolata. 10 seedlings from each maternal family were divided equally between ambient and elevated greenhouses and were grown for 60 days. At the end of that period ...

� Background and Aims The objective of this study was to test whether the mean values of several root morphological variables were related to the ability to develop root-borne shoots and/or shoot-borne roots in a wide range of vascular plants.� Methods A comparative study was carried out on the 123 most common plant species from ...

Specimen-induced aberrations cause a reduction in signal levels and resolution in fluorescence microscopy. Aberrations also affect the image contrast achieved by these microscopes. We model the effects of aberrations on the fluorescence signals acquired from different specimen structures, such as point-like, linear, planar and volume ...

... of the feathery pleopods in holding the egg mass. The male specimen exhibited two aberrant morphological features resulting either from previous damage to the animal or a genetic defect. The tips of the an...

in these bacterial� algal interactions are not known, but direct attachment of bacteria to the plant does not appear these aberrant forms were exposed to bacteria, the plants reverted to a normal Bfoliaceous^ morphology. Similar epifluorescence using an Axioskop 2 (Zeiss) microscope and an FS 10 (FITC) filter. Numbers of bacteria on plant

The lamina cribrosa has been postulated from in vitro studies as an early site of damage in glaucoma. Prior in vivo measures of laminar morphology have been confounded by ocular aberrations. In this study the lamina cribrosa was imaged after correcting for ocular aberrations using the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope ...

A study was made of the effects of chronic and acute irradiation on the shoot apex of Kalanchoe. This plant was selected because its decussate phyllotaxy and almost naked shoot apex make it a convenient system for morphogenetic experimentation. Response to the two modes of application of ionizing radiation were quite dissimilar. Gross and ...

Tubers and shoots of potatoes were exposed to gamma radiation in doses of 1 to 5 RR and observations were made on biometric and morphological changes at different stages of development. Higher doses of radiation resulted in decreased survival, chlorosis of leaves, and twisting and thickening of leaf plates. The slower growth when radiation was delivered 15 ...

in the stoloniferous herb Glechoma hederacea using a plasto- chron index. Oikos 63:387�394 Dong M (1993) Morphological and plagiotropic shoots of the clonal herb Glechoma hirsuta Received: 23 December 1996 / Accepted: 19 July 1997 such dierential responses. The study species, Glechoma hirsuta, produces plagiotropic shoots in its ...

In vitro maintained shoot cultures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Zajeÿarska 83) that were transformed with the oryzacystatin II (OCII) gene and propagated on growth regulator-free medium were subjected to analysis of morphological characteristics and photosynthetic activity. The most striking f...

Evidence obtained from Ri morphological mutanis suggests that except for the epidermis, development of a young coffee shoot is from a single initial cell of the corpus. This conclusion is supported by the high frequency of Ri non- chimeric mutants, shapes of the dosage response curves with x rays and neutrons and the association of pollen sterility ...

The two diaporthalean fungi Anisogramma virgultorum and A. anomala are biotrophic parasites. Anisogramma virgultorum causes stromatal cankers on young shoots of birch and A. anomala infects young branches of Corylus avellana. Although previous classifications, based on morphological characteristics,...

... a polytomy with the following three clades of Synthyris: (1) S. canbyi + S. dissecta + S. lanuginosa (= dissected leaf clade); (2) ... 1 enlarge figure Fig. 5. Shoot systems of Synthyris. A. S. canbyi. ...

... number of x = 22) have been discovered in Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. pulchellum in western North America (Suttill and ... 1992) performed transplant experiments on six populations of Dodecatheon pulche...

Genetic differentiation of 89 population of Pinus contorta primarily from central Idaho was studied in field, greenhouse, and laboratory tests. Analyses of variables reflecting growth potential, morphology, cold hardiness, and periodicity of shoot elongat...

... biology of two intertidal seagrasses, Zostera japonica and Ruppia maritima at Robert's Bank, British Columbia. M.S. ... Shoot demography and morphology of Zostera japonica and Ruppia maritima from British...

We describe a novel phenotype in Arabidopsis embryos homozygous for the temperature-sensitive topless-1 mutation. This mutation causes the transformation of the shoot pole into a root. Developing topless embryos fail to express markers for the shoot apical meristem (SHOOT MERISTEMLESS and UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS) and the hypocotyl ...

Organisms are covered extracellularly with cuticular waxes that consist of various fatty acids. In higher plants, extracellular waxes act as indispensable barriers to protect the plants from physical and biological stresses such as drought and pathogen attacks. However, the effect of fatty acid composition on plant development under normal growth conditions is not well understood. Here we show ...

Crepis capillaris (2n=6) is an excellent plant for the assay of chromosome aberrations after mutagenic treatment. It has simple karyotype: three pairs of morphologically distinct and relatively large chromosomes. The frequency of structural chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in root meristem cells has been used for evaluation of ...

Background and AimsPlant architecture and its interaction with agronomic practices and environmental constraints are determinants of the structure of the canopy, which is involved in carbon acquisition and fruit quality development. A framework for the quantitative analysis of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) shoot architecture, based on a set of topological and geometrical ...

The growth dynamics, morphological characteristics and biomass allocation of climbing plant Momordica charantia were studied under shading. The results showed that the growth of Momordica charantia had a significant difference under different levels of shading. Under weak light, the plants decreased the chance to increase their modular numbers and accumulate biomass, and had ...

Triple-negative breast cancers account for 12-17% of all invasive breast carcinomas and comprise a heterogeneous group of tumours, with varying histological features and clinical behaviours. Focal apocrine differentiation can be associated with a subset of these lesions. To establish whether morphological diversity is associated with divergent genetic ...

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CYCD2;1 gene introduced in genomic form increased cell formation in the Arabidopsis root apex and leaf, while generating full-length mRNA, raised CDK/CYCLIN enzyme activity, reduced G1-phase duration, and reduced size of cells at S phase and division. Other cell cycle genes, CDKA;1, CYCLIN B;1, and the cDNA form of CYCD2;1 that produced an ...