... KNOWN EXPRESSIONS FOR THE ABERRATIONS OF PLANE ... CAN CONSIDERABLY REDUCE THE SPHERICAL ABERRATION AND COMA ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... EACH SHAPED FOR MINIMUM SPHERICAL ABERRATION. THESE EXPRESSIONS INCLUDE THE PRIMARY ABERRATIONS AND THE ...
This paper introduces the concept of the central principal ray of a spherical surface. An expression is obtained that determines the spherical aberration of the surface at this ray. A relationship is demonstrated between the monochromatic aberrations of a spherical surface.
Energy Citations Database
In this paper we derived expressions for the beams envelopes for a large class of initial phase contours both in the paraxial approximation and with allowance for certain types of aberrations. (AIP)
Aberrations of optical systems are usually analyzed by decomposing the wavefront aberration at a pupil into a series of terms. The Seidel and Zernike series are two common examples, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. A new aberration series is proposed that combines some of the strengths of each. The new series is consistent ...
PubMed
Misalignment-induced wave aberrations up to the fifth order inclusive are investigated within the framework of the Seidel eikonal theory in the approximation of the first order of misalignment shifts of optical components. An expression for the angular characteristic (angular eikonal) of a one-parameter aspherical optical surface is derived. The ...
A definition of a wave aberration as a phase shift upon composition of light waves in the image of a point is given using the concept of point eikonal. An expression that determines the total differential of a wave aberration function is obtained and the condition of its integrability is determined. The sequence of the wave ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Asymptotic expressions are derived for the two-dimensional incoherent optical transfer function (OTF) of an optical system with defocus and spherical aberration. The two-dimensional stationary phase method is used to evaluate the aberrated OTF at large and moderately large defocus and spherical aberration. For ...
We hypothesized that aberrant expression of Hox genes in mammary epithelial cells results in the inappropriate regulation of a wide variety of Hox target genes; this could lead to a change from a normal to a preneoplastic, or from a preneoplastic to a neo...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
... centrosome. Consistent with its localization around the centrosomes PSMA expressing cells rapidly exited mitosis. We ...
... Abnormal, aberrant, or damaged proteins are also targets for destruction by the proteasome such as in cystic fibrosis. In this disease the mutated ...
... BIOSYNTHESIS, GROWTH(PHYSIOLOGY), EVOLUTION(BIOLOGY), PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, RIBOSOMES, SUPPRESSORS ...
... CANCER, EPITHELIUM, NEOPLASMS, VECTOR ANALYSIS, GENES, CELLS(BIOLOGY), LESIONS, TETRACYCLINES, PITUITARY HORMONES. ...
... FIBROSIS, *NEUROBIOLOGY, MUTATIONS, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENES, CELLS(BIOLOGY), PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, ONCOGENESIS ...
... The loss of TACI expression in prostate cells therefore conceivably results in an imbalance in homeostasis resulting in the aberrant accumulation of ...
Approximate expressions of the ray aberrations for off-axis collimated beams and free form phase plates with a small derivative magnitude are derived with the defocus aberration taken into account. The cubic phase plate, which is one of the most commonly used phase plates in wavefront coding imaging systems, is illustrated as an ...
An expression for the phase error in the aperture plane of a spherical reflector was developed. The nature of this phase error over the aperture plane is discussed, and, to illustrate the usage of the expression, examples are given.
... expression in prostate tumor cells was quite different than in other cell types, and prostate Ets family expression relative to other tissues was ...
We present, analyze, and evaluate expressions for the wavefront aberrations in an off-axis spherical mirror. These formulas are derived from the optical path difference between an ellipsoid and a sphere, assuming a relatively small pupil and a small angle of incidence, as will be described in detail. Some well-known and also some useful new ...
For a diverging electron beam with parabolic space-charge density distribution, first-order perturbation theory is used to derive an analytic expression, yielding the aberrations as a function of the covered distance. Application of the derived expression shows that the performance of electrostatic projection TV guns may be severely ...
The present invention relates to methods and compositions concerning resistance to a drug for cancer comprising aberrant KIT signal, such as aberrant KIT sequence or expression. In a specific embodiment, the cancer is also initially responsive to imatinib...
Explicit integral expressions are given for the fifth-order geometrical aberration coefficients in rectilinear magnetic quadrupole-octupole systems used for the transport of nonrelativistic charged particle beams. The numerical values of the fifth-order g...
The research reveals that there are higher-order aberrations in visual optical systems, and the important factors are higher-order aberrations that affect the quality of vision to further improve. To correct the higher-order aberrations, the aberrations of vision system must be effectively measured and analyzed. It ...
We developed an expression that describes the hollow Gaussian beams (HGBs) passing through a spherically aberrated lens by using the Collins formula. The radial intensity distribution in both spherical aberration SA free lens, lens that exhibits relatively large in both positive spherical aberration PSA, and ...
Explicit integral expressions are given for the fifth-order geometrical aberration coefficients in rectilinear magnetic quadrupole-octupole systems used for the transport of nonrelativistic charged particle beams. The numerical values of the fifth-order geometrical aberration coefficients for a rare earth cobalt (REC) quadrupole ...
The expression of protein kinases genes if often altered in tumors. The aberrant expression of several of these genes typically parallels the progression toward a more malignant phenotype. We developed a cDNA micro-array- based screening system to mearuse...
The expression of genes involved in signal transduction (e.g. protein kinases) is often altered in tumors. The aberrant expression of several of these genes typically parallels the progression toward a more malignant phenotype. We developed a cDNA micro-a...
In clinical ophthalmology, the wavefront aberration of human eyes is expressed by Zernike polynomial after cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation, the human eyes aberration will change. The problem of objective evaluation of wavefront aberration introduced by the Intra-ocular (IOL) in-vivo remains ...
.elsevier.com/locate/lungcan Chromosomal aberrations and gene expression profiles in non-small cell lung cancer E. Dehana , A. Ben-Dorb , W 2006 KEYWORDS Non-small cell lung cancer; Chromosomal aberrations; Expression profiling; Expression results provide a high resolution map of copy number ...
E-print Network
... Thus, loss of CEACAMI tumor suppressor gene expression in prostate cancer is due to aberrant chromatin acetylation. ...
Exploit the aberrant expression of glycan structures that occurs during oncogenesis in order to gain an understanding of cancer progression with translational applications for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy.
Cancer.gov
... an important role during development and that its aberrant re-expression by adult NF 1 cells contributes to the development of Schwann cell tumors ...
T cell Subtypes MIP #8 Libin Zhang Altered expression of CUG-BP in myotonic dystrophy leads to aberrant m
... to demonstrate that BCSG1 expression in breast cancer cells directly inhibits the mitotic checkpoint function and induces aneuploidy in a BubRI ...
... association between SNCG protein expression in primary ... sequencing and methylation-specific PCR assays, we ... CpG island of SNCG gene in every ...
... to demonstrate that BCSG1 expression in breast cancer cells directly inhibits the mitotic checkpoint function and induces aneuploidy in a BubR1 ...
... We reasoned that aberrant 4.1 expression could engender defects in functions of centrosomes, mitotic spindles and in cytokinesis. ...
... NERVE CELLS, GENES, FIBROBLASTS, CELLS(BIOLOGY), SKIN(ANATOMY), FIBROSIS, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, ONCOGENESIS. ...
A method aimed to minimize the impact of spectral aberrations in a monochromator is proposed in which the spectrum of the source of radiation under study is scanned by the rectilinear translation of a plane chirped grating. The chirped grating, which has a spatially variable groove spacing, is used to diffract and to spectrally focus the radiation. Imaging properties of the ...
Adaptive optics systems typically include an optical relay that simultaneously images the science field to be corrected and also a set of pupil planes conjugate to the deformable mirror of the system. Often, in the optical spaces where DM's are placed, the pupils are aberrated, leading to a displacement and/or distortion of the pupil that varies according to field ...
The paper presents expressions describing the time-of-flight of charged particles in the emission system, taking into account the time-of-flight chromatic aberrations up to the fifth-order of the infinitesimal. The spatial time-of-flight characteristics of the axially symmetric emission system consisting of two equal-sized coaxial cylinders and a plane ...
A matrix method to do nonlinear calculations is described. This is possible only under the special condition when a transformation maps a zero vector onto a zero vector. Geometrical optics conform to this condition and hence matrix methods can be applied to calculate aberrations. Methods to reduce computational complexities using symmetry arguments are provided. The formalism ...
Endometrial cancer is the most commonly diagnosed gynecological cancer, and it has been shown to be a complex disease driven by abnormal genetic, and epigenetic alterations, as well as environmental factors. Epigenetic changes resulting in aberrant gene expression are dynamic and modifiable features of many cancer types. A significant epigenetic change is ...
PubMed Central
This paper is an attempt to provide new insight into the behavior of near-field scalar diffraction phenomena by showing that the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral is equivalent to the Fourier transform integral of a generalized pupil function which includes a term that represents phase errors in the aperture. This term can be interpreted as describing a conventional wavefront ...
AbstractThe maspin gene functions as a tumor suppressor in human breasts, and its expression is frequently lost during breast cancer progression. In vitro models of human breast cancer indicate that the loss of maspin expression is closely linked to aberrant methylation of the maspin promoter. We conducted a study on 30 archival ductal ...
The relationship of aberrant DNA hypermethylation of cell cycle checkpoint genes with the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs is a question of current interest. In this study, we investigated the relationship between aberrant hypermethylation of the CHFR (checkpoint with forkhead-associated and ring finger) mitotic checkpoint gene and ...
A simple geometrical method to measure the aberration of astigmatism present in the wavefront that emerges from a telescope is presented. The method is based on the analysis of the external contour of the image of a slightly defocused star. An expression elliptical edge is obtained, which links the rms value of Z22 to the geometric parameters of the ...
In the present paper, the paraxial lateral aberrations of second and third orders in imaging electron optical systems, in which the aberration coefficients are solved by asymptotic solutions of paraxial equation, have been verified and tested by a two-electrode electrostatic spherical concentric system model. The analytical expressions ...
Wave aberrations degrade the optical quality of the eye relative to the diffraction limit, but there are situations in which having slightly aberrated optics can provide some relative visual benefits. This fact led us to consider whether interactions among aberrations in the eye's wavefront produce an advantage for image quality ...
Poor prognosis in carcinoma is associated with a gene expression signature of aberrant PTEN tumor of the observation that loss of PTEN, the negative regulator of PI3K, results in robust activation of this pathway)-detectable PTEN loss in breast cancer (BC). The most significant signature gene was PTEN itself, indicating
An expression has been deduced theoretically from a schematic-eye model, for the transverse or lateral chromatic aberration (TCA) after refractive surgery. The aim was to investigate analytically how chromatic aberration varies after the emmetropization process. These changes in the TCA have been characterized from changes in corneal ...
A telecentric confocal optical arrangement is presented that greatly reduces the diffraction aberrations of the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). Analytical expressions for the aberrations were identified based on the fundamental properties of Bragg diffraction, and additional aberrations due to focusing through ...
The TSPY gene is the only functional gene within the critical region harboring the gonadoblastoma locus on the Y chromosome (GBY). Expression studies demonstrated that it is aberrantly expressed in prostate cancer. This project is designed to address the ...
Human breast cancer is characterized by the altered expression of growth factors, growth factor receptors and kinases. Downstream effectors of these molecules are transcription factors which presumably control aberrant gene expression regulating cell grow...
The invention provides a human cysteine proteases and polynucleotides which encode those proteases. The invention also provides expression vectors, host cells, antibodies, agonists, and antagonists, as well as methods for diagnosing, treating, or preventing disorders associated with aberrant expression of cysteine proteases.
US Patent & Trademark Office Database
MUC 1 is a heavily glycosylated transmembrane mucin glycoprotein that is highly expressed and aberrantly glycosylated by >92% of primary and metastatic breast cancers. It is hypothesized that expression of the MUC1 protein may confer an advantage to tumor...
Polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM), the product of the MUC1 gene, is expressed in an aberrant form by human breast cancer cells. It is a known, potential target for cytotoxic T lymphocytes of patients with the disease. Cloning of the MUC1 gene and the dev...
The important role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) as a tumor suppressor in solid tumors has been revealed in several studies. Interestingly, in a recent study IGFBP7 was also shown to be aberrantly expressed in acute leukemia. Moreover, in acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), high IGFBP7 expression predicts ...
Many of the toxic properties of metals are expressed as behavioral aberrations. Some of these arise from direct actions on the central nervous system. Others arise from primary events elsewhere, but still influence behavior. Toxicity may be expressed eith...
The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, is a primate model for emmetropization studies. The refractive development of the marmoset eye depends on visual experience, so knowledge of the optical quality of the eye is valuable. We report on the wavefront aberrations of the marmoset eye, measured with a clinical Hartmann-Shack aberrometer (COAS, AMO Wavefront Sciences). ...
Third-order aberrations at the first and the second focus planes of double focus Wien filters are derived in terms of the following electric and magnetic field components--dipole: E1, B1; quadrupole: E2, B2; hexapole: E3, B3 and octupole: E4, B4. The aberration coefficients are expressed under the second-order geometrical ...
Copy number aberration is a common form of genomic instability in cancer. Gene expression is closely tied to cytogenetic events by the central dogma of molecular biology, and serves as a mediator of copy number changes in disease phenotypes. Accordingly, it is of interest to develop proper statistical methods for jointly analyzing copy number and gene ...
AbstractCopy number aberration is a common form of genomic instability in cancer. Gene expression is closely tied to cytogenetic events by the central dogma of molecular biology, and serves as a mediator of copy number changes in disease phenotypes. Accordingly, it is of interest to develop proper statistical methods for jointly analyzing copy number and ...
The calculation of the spherical aberration, which has been given only in the case of a point source up to now, is extended to the case of source of finite size. It is shown that the real size of the image can be well described by a convolution of the ideal size of the image and the aberrations involved. The expression for an optimum ...
Translated from Zh. Tekh. Fiz.; 42: No. 11, 2279-2287(Nov A method which allows determinations of the paraxial propenties of electrostatic axially symmetric mirrors and calculation of the aberration of these mirrors is given. The equations do not contain the time as a parameter. The field distribution functions in the principal optical axis of the mirror appear in ...
The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) the c-myc oncogene-transfected and MTV-expressing mammary epithelial cells exhibit aberrant hyperproliferation in vitro preceding tumorigenesis in vivo; (2) upregulation of aberrant hyperproliferation (i.e., anchorage-independent growth) in initiated cells represents a ...
BackgroundOne of the new roles for enzymes in personalized medicine builds on a rational approach to cancer biomarker discovery using enzyme-associated aberrant glycosylation. A hallmark of cancer, aberrant glycosylation is associated with differential expressions of enzymes such as glycosyltransferase and glycosidases. The ...
Endometriosis, a common, benign, estrogen-dependent disease affecting 3-10% of women of reproductive age, is characterized by the ectopic growth of endometrial tissue that is found primarily in the peritoneum, ovaries and rectovaginal septum. Recently, endometriosis has been alternatively described as an immune disease, a genetic disease and a disease caused by exposure to environmental factors, ...
