Biological dosimetry which uses human lymphocyte chromosome aberrations as an indicator of radiation dose was established. Human lymphocytes culture, slide preparation, and staining techniques are described in this report. The yields of dicentric and ring...

The equations for refraction of either the extraordinary wave of light or the wavefunction of an electron at a planar boundary between two misoriented uniaxially anisotropic materials are shown via raytracing to yield a transverse displacement of the object point. The displacement is independent of ray incidence angle and is thus free from spherical ...

The CO effect in relation to chromosomal aberration production in oxygen is operative on the recovery mechanism since immediate postirradiative treatment with CO yielded the same number of aberrations as irradiative treatment. As determined by the CO effect, all rejoining, as far as two-hit aberrations are ...

Heat-shocks (10 and 30 min at 40 degrees C) prior to treatment with MH or TEM significantly reduced the yield of metaphases with chromatid aberrations. No such effect was observed when ethanol was used for aberration induction. The 'heat-shock effect' on aberration induction by MH and TEM is comparable to ...

The influence of water-soluble iodized contrast media to radiation response was investigated by means of chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. Contrast medium itself showed no substantial action in producing chromosomal aberrations. But contrast medium combined with X-rays increased radiation-induced chromosomal ...

In vitro dose-response curves are used to describe the relation between the yield of dicentric chromosome aberrations and radiation dose for human lymphocytes. The dicentric yields follow the Poisson distribution, and the expected yield depends on both th...

The yields of unstable chromosome aberrations induced in human lymphocytes by alpha-particles from plutonium-239 have been measured. Plutonium citrate solution was mixed with heparinized blood so that doses of 13--160 rad were delivered in 24 hours. Dicentric aberration yields (Y) fitted best to the linear ...

A spherical primary mirror along with a spherical aberrations corrector yields significantly lower cost. > A 200 X diffraction-limited (10 waves) mirror ...

... In the present study, the yield of aberrant chromosome segregation in human ... obtained in hamster cells (22) and the results of the present study have ... ...

For a diverging electron beam with parabolic space-charge density distribution, first-order perturbation theory is used to derive an analytic expression, yielding the aberrations as a function of the covered distance. Application of the derived expression shows that the performance of electrostatic projection TV guns may be severely degraded by the ...

Two different methods have been derived and implemented for simulation of multipole imaging systems and aberration correctors. The first method uses an aberration theory for combinations of multipole lenses and deflectors, including primary and secondary aberrations up to the fifth order. A damped least-squares algorithm is used to ...

Future aberration corrected transmission electron microscopes (TEM) will have a strong impact in materials science, since such microscopes yield information on chemical bonding and structure of interfaces, grain boundaries and lattice defects at an atomic level. Beyond this aberration correction offers new possibilities for in situ ...

The relationship between the penetration depth and the level and distribution of chromosomal aberration of the root tip cells were investigated by exposure of the superposed tomato seeds to 80 MeV/u carbon ions. The results showed that on the entrance of the beam the chromosomal aberration level was low. Damage such as breaks and gaps were dominant. At the ...

Radioinduced stable chromosome aberrations have been studied in the testes and bone-marrow of the mouse (Mus musculus). Sixty days after whole-body irradiation with a dose of 400 rad x-rays, the frequency of visible chromosome aberrations in bone-marrow cells was 19.8%. The frequency of chromosome aberrations in spermatogonia ...

Investigations have been carried out on the influence of the repair polymerases on the yield of different types of chromosomal aberrations. The studies were mainly concerned with the effect of inhibiting the polymerases on the yield of aberrations. The polymerases fill in single-strand regions, and the fact that ...

Investigations have been carried out on the influence of the repair polymerases on the yield of different types of chromosomal aberrations. The studies were mainly concerned with the effect of inhibiting the polymerases on the yield of aberrations. The polymerases fill in single-strand regions, and the fact that ...

The dose-yield relationships for individual classes of chromosome aberrations were measured for cells irradiated in early S after release from thymidine block. It was found that the yield for asymmetrical chromosome exchanges as a function of dose was quadratic, whereas that for sister unions was linear. These data cannot be reconciled ...

The cytogenetic effects of triethylenemelamine (TEM) were studied using five different mammalian tissues. Treatments of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg TEM on differentiating mouse spermatogonia and bone marrow cells showed no significant differences in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations produced in these two tissues. At higher doses, however, the sensitivites of the two tissues ...

Cultures of human lymphocytes obtained from blood of healthy adult donors were irradiated with different doses of 60Co gamma-rays and the irradiated cells were analysed in metaphase 50 h after irradiation. The effect (total yield of aberrations of chromosome type, or total yield of exchange type aberrations) ...

Polychromatic defocus could affect the optimal residual spherical aberration that could yield the best image quality for patients with intraocular lenses (IOLs). Modulation transfer functions (MTFs) were generated using a model that included polychromatic defocus. The maximum MTF volume occurred at + 0.05 ?m of overall ocular spherical ...

The effect of caffeine on the loss of reproductive capacity and chromosome aberration yield in x-irradiated HeLa and Chinese hamster cells was studied. Caffeine causes a 2 to 5 fold reduction of the cell survival and 2-fold increase of aberrant anaphases in exponential culture. This effect is equally displayed whether ...

The yields of dicentric and ring chromosomes were recorded during telecobalt therapy for mammary carcinoma. The data were fitted to a power or a quadratic function and were compared with those obtained in patients treated for ankylosing spondylitis and nuclear dockyard workers as well as with the results of an in vitro blood irradiation. As expected, the ...

In vitro dose--response curves of unstable chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes have been obtained for 252Cf neutron radiation. The aberration yields fitted best to the linear function Y=aD, which is consistent with the single-track model of aberration formation for high LET radiation. The curves have been ...

Chromosomal aberration production was studied in V-79 Chinese hamster tissue culture cells by uv light administered during the post-DNA-synthetic G/sub 2/ phase of the cell cycle. The treatment produced achromatic lesions ond some chromatid deletions in the first post-irradiation mitosis, but no isochromatid deletions or chromatid exchange oberrations. In contrast, ...

For the analyses of dose-relations of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations a weighted least squares method has to be carried out since the variance of observed aberration yields are different at different doses. Consequently identical statistical weights have to be used for the comparison of dose-response functions. For this reason ...

Changes in the numbers of peripheral lymphocytes with chromosome aberrations were observed in cynomolgus monkeys after fractionated or acute /sup 60/Co irradiation at the same total doses. Immediately after irradiation, the yield of dicentrics decreased when the dose was fractionated but remained constant for 20 to 80 days, depending on the dose, when ...

The calculation of the spherical aberration, which has been given only in the case of a point source up to now, is extended to the case of source of finite size. It is shown that the real size of the image can be well described by a convolution of the ideal size of the image and the aberrations involved. The expression for an optimum magnification is ...

Cultures of human lymphocytes obtained from blood of healthy adult donors were irradiated at different doses of gamma-rays (60Co), and irradiated cells were analysed at metaphase in 50 hours after the irradiation. The effect (total yield of aberrations of chromosome type, or total yield of exchange type ...

In vitro culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes has been used to evaluate the ability of nitrates (NaNO3) and nitrites (NaNO2) to produce chromosome aberrations in mammalian cells. Whereas treatment with NaNO3 did not increase the spontaneous yield of aberrations, exposure to high doses of NaNO2 resulted in an low increase of ...

A visual representation of Minkowski spacetime appropriate for a student with a background in geometry and algebra is presented. Minkowski spacetime can be modeled with a Euclidean four-space to yield accurate visualizations as predicted by special relativity. The contributions of relativistic aberration as compared to classical prerelativistic ...

The effects of mitomycin-C on the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by x irradiation in flower stems of Trillium kamtschaticum were studied. It was found that mitomycin-C modified the pattern and the frequency of chromosome aberrations, The yield of exchanges was remarkably increased and the total frequency of all ...

ABS>The frequency of dicentric chromosome aberrations in cultured rabbit blood lymphocytes given 300 to 600 rads /sup 60/Co gamma radiation was the same whether the blood was irradiated in vitro or in vivo. Periodic adjustment of pH was found to be critically important for success with cultures of rabbit blood. (auth)

The chromosome aberration yield for human lymphocytes exposed in vitro to various doses of (137) Cesium has been studied. Dicentric, total acentric, and excess acentric data were seen to follow a Poisson distribution. Calculated total hits demonstrated over-dispersion which could...

Using H/sup 3/-thymidine as a marker for DNA synthesis, and autoradiographic techniques, the average durations of the various parameters of the mitotic cycle in Vicia roots were determined as follows: presynthesis phase (G/sub 1/) 4.9 hr, DNA synthesis phase (S) 7.5 hr, postsynthesis phase (G/sub 2/) 4.9 hr, and mitosis (M) 2 hr. The duration of these phases and their sensitivity to the ...

The effect of oxygen concentration on the yield of isochromatid aberrations induced by x radiation was studied in isolated Tradescantia pollen tubes. Data are presented graphically on the relation between radiosensitivity and oxygen concentration. (C.H.)

The fertilized egg may influence the yield of dominant-lethal mutations produced from chemical treatment of male postmeiotic germ cells to a small or large extent depending upon the mutagen used and the competence of the egg to repair the premutational le...

A study was made of the effect of caffeine and sodium benzoate (0.8 to 8.0 mM) on the yield of chromosomal aberrations in cells of Chinese hamsters exposed to radiation at the G/sub 2/ and S stages. For proper determination of the modification effect, consideration was given to the slower advance through the cell cycle induced by caffeine, as well as its ...

This paper reports the use of internal microdosimetry techniques to reinvestigate the dosimetry of two very similar experiments with apparently contradictory dose-response results. Yields of dicentric chromosome aberrations induced in human blood lymphocy...

... cervical and lung cancer (9) and head and neck cancers (13). This list was extended by Terzoudi et al. (14), who demonstrated higher aberration yields in many patients with different types of cancer includ...

... Ionising Radiation. British Nuclear Energy Society. London. 1988. 22. Simmons, J. A., P. Cohn, and T. Min. Survival and yields of chromosome aberrations in hamster and human lung cells irradiated by alpha...

Cytogenetic studies were done on bone marrow cells and peripheral lymphocytes of four patients (three with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, one with aplastic anemia) at various intervals up to 861 days after total-body X irradiation (TBI) at doses between 4.5 and 10 Gy (450-1000 rad) followed by syngeneic or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Whereas no radiation-induced ...

As semiconductor lithography is pushed to smaller dimensions, the process yields tend to suffer due to subwavelength imaging effects. In response, resolution enhancement technologies have been employed together with optimization techniques, specifically source mask optimization (SMO), which finely tunes the process by simultaneously optimizing the source shape and mask ...

The effects of contrast material (meglumine iothalamate) on radiation-induced chromosome aberrations were investigated in studies on the lymphocytes of patients who had undergone diagnostic radiography and in vitro experiments with diagnostic x rays and /sup 60/Co ..gamma.. rays. Chromosome and chromatic aberrations were found to increase significantly ...

The effects of contrast material (meglumine iothalamate) on radiation-induced chromosome aberrations were investigated in studies on the lymphocytes of patients who had undergone diagnostic radiography and in in vitro experiments with diagnostic x rays and /sup 60/Co gamma rays. Chromosome and chromatid aberrations were found to increase significantly with ...

The performance of static rotationally symmetric electron lenses is limited by unavoidable chromatic and spherical aberrations. In 1936, Scherzer demonstrated that the integrands of the integral expressions for the coefficients of these aberrations can be written as a sum of positive quadratic terms. Hence these coefficients can never change sign. This ...

A mechanistic model and Monte Carlo code simulating chromosome aberration induction in human lymphocytes is presented. The model is based on the assumption that aberrations arise from clustered DNA lesions and that only the free ends of clustered lesions created in neighboring chromosome territories or in the same territory can join and produce exchanges. ...

A multicolor banding (mBAND) fluorescence in situ hybridization technique was used to investigate the presence inhuman populations of a stable biomarker-intrachromosomal chromosome aberrations-of past exposure to high-LET radiation. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were taken from healthy Russian nuclear workers occupationally exposed from 1949 onward to either plutonium, gamma ...

Aphidicolin is a tetracyclic diterpinoid fungal antibiotic which inhibits DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells by interfering specifically with DNA polymerase ..cap alpha.., apparently by binding to and inactivating the DNA-polymerase ..cap alpha.. complex. We have shown that aphidicolin, like other inhibitors of DNA synthesis, both induces chromosomal aberrations in human ...

In a study of the biological effects of cosmic HZE particles, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds were flown on the orbital stations Salyut 6 and 7 for varying periods of time (from 40 to 457 days). The dependence of the biological damage on flight duration, physical parameters and the fact of passage of an HZE particle through the seed was estimated using the criterion of the frequency of ...

PURPOSETo evaluate the influence of spherical aberration on contrast sensitivity using adaptive optics.SETTINGVision Science and Advanced Retinal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.METHODSContrast sensitivity at 8 cycles per degree was evaluated using an adaptive ...

In Part One they formulate in a general way the problem of analyzing and evaluating the aberrations of quadrupole magnet beam systems, and of characterizing the shapes and other properties of the beam envelopes in the neighborhood of foci. They consider all aberrations, including those due to misalignments and faulty construction, through third order in ...

Treatment of Vicia faba main root meristems with methyl iodide (MeI) 2 h before challenge treatment with triethylene melamine (TEM) significantly reduced the yield of metaphases with chromatid aberrations, i.e., resulted in clastogenic adaptation. Combined treatment with MeI and TEM increased the aberration yield; ...

Conditioning pre-exposure of Vicia faba root tip meristem cells to triethylenemelamine (TEM) does not trigger an adaptive response to maleic hydrazide (MH) and vice versa. Since TEM conditioning treatment can induce protective effects (as evident from the yield of metaphases with chromatid aberrations) against TEM challenging treatment and MH conditioning ...

Vicia faba root tip cells were treated for short periods with tritiated thymidine, either immediately before or after exposure of roots to x rays, and autoradiograph preparations were analyzed in an attempt to test the hypothesis that chromatid type (B') aberrations are induced only in those chromosome regions that have synthesized DNA prior to x irradiation, ...

The theory of wavefront analysis of a noncircular wavefront is given and applied for a systematic comparison of the use of annular and Zernike circle polynomials for the analysis of an annular wavefront. It is shown that, unlike the annular coefficients, the circle coefficients generally change as the number of polynomials used in the expansion changes. Although the wavefront fit with a certain ...

... dynamic aberrations. For the dynamic aberration case, elimination of ... dynamic aberrations. For the dynamic aberration case, elimination of ...

Chromatic aberrations arise as a consequence of the disper- ..... Chromatic aberrations are divided into chromatic aberration ...

... superior to electrostatic systems with respect to total aberration, but their ... The two limiting aberrations, spherical and chromatic, are analyzed in this ...

... KNOWN EXPRESSIONS FOR THE ABERRATIONS OF PLANE ... CAN CONSIDERABLY REDUCE THE SPHERICAL ABERRATION AND COMA ...

The effect of x irradiation on the yield of transformed cells in 48-hr cultures has been studied in human peripheral-blood lymphocytes. Cytogenetic damage was used as a marker, aberration yields being obtained for mixed cultures prepared from equal numbers of normal and irradiated lymphocytes and from pure cultures of ...

ABSTRACT Analysis for chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes has been developed as an indicator of dose from ionising radiation. This paper outlines the mechanism of production of aberrations, the technique for their analysis and the dose-effect relationships for various types of radiation. During the past ten years the National ...

Several advances have been achieved in the knowledge of nuclear architecture and functions during the last decade, thus allowing the identification of interphase chromosome territories and sub-chromosomal domains (e.g. arm and band domains). This is an important step in the study of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations; indeed, the coupling between track-structure ...

Chromosome aberrations induced in vivo were studied in nine children 5-12 years old treated with total-body high-energy photon irradiation (pulsed exposure from a LINAC) for different types of malignant diseases. Dose-effect relationships were obtained for each child by taking blood at different times during exposure. In vitro dose-effect relationships for chromosome ...

A new design for an aberration-corrected concave grating for the spectral region near 10 microm is presented. It was designed for use in the ground-based astronomical medium-resolution (lambda/Dlambda approximately 100) Mid-Infrared Camera and Spectrometer (MICS). It provides a flat focal plane for a wide spectral range (7.5-13.5 microm) with small ...

The study aimed to investigate whether the determination of chromosome aberrations in circulating blood lymphocytes could be useful to assess whole-body exposure from radioactive iodine released accidentally. Ten patients treated with two doses of 1850 MBq of {sup 131}I given 24 h apart for thyroid cancer were studied for chromosome aberrations ...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization and Giemsa staining of metaphase chromosomes were used to determine the relative frequencies of symmetric exchange aberrations (translocations) and asymmetric exchange aberrations (rings, dicentrics, and polycentrics) after exposure of human lymphoblastoid cells to restriction enzymes or X-rays. The ...

A decrease in the yield of chromosomal aberrations in root meristems of wheat induced by four different doses of x rays has been found to occur when the seeds are pretreated with ultraviolet radiation. However, in X/sub 2/ generation, the mutation rate for combined treatment is lower than for x rays alone in lower dosages and higher than for x ...

When the corneal epithelium of the Chinese hamster is irradiated with ionizing radiation in vivo, a rectilinear relationship is observed between the yield of chromosome aberrations and the dose of x rays within a dose range of 10 to 150 r. There is no threshold effect for chromosome breakage down to the 10-r level. The mean breakage rate of ...

An exact expression relating the coordinates of a point on the incident ray, a point of reflection from an arbitrary surface, and a point on the reflected ray is derived. The exact relation is then specialized for the case of grazing incidence, and first order and third order systematic analyses are carried out for a single reflective surface and then for a combination of two surfaces. The third ...

Chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow of mice of both sexes irradiated with four doses of gamma rays: O R (control), 150 R, 300 R, and 450 R were studied four hundred days later. The yield of chromosomal breaks per metaphase and the percent of aneuploid cells increased with the dose of radiation. The number of polyploid cells was also ...

Chronic irradiation from thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) induces chromosome abnormalities in individuals subjected to systemic injection as well as for those injected for perinasal sinuses visualization. Although considered without harmful effects owing to the small volume used and the surgical care of clearing the cavities, enough Thorotrast could have been absorbed and entered into the blood ...

The influence of carbon dioxide on chromosome aberrations induced by gamma rays, x rays, 14.1-Mev neutrons, and fission neutrons was studied in Tradescantia. The addition of CO/sub 2/ to air caused a significant increase in the yield of x- and gamma -ray-induced chromosome exchanges and interstitial deletions. When l4.1-Mev neutrons are used, ...

We developed a Nd:YAG rod-based MOPA to generate high power in a radially polarized beam. Two pump-chambers in the amplifier section produced 2.1kW @ M2=9.5, while three pump-chambers yielded 3.1kW @ M2=14. Efficiency in the last pump-chamber was 33%. Several techniques were utilized to enhance beam-quality: a radially polarized oscillator, special pump-chambers, external ...

Experimental results were reported to the determination of protective action of cysteamine on the yield of genetic mutations, chromosome aberrations and cell kill during reproduction, evidently due to damage of genetic structures. The experiments were performed on transplanted fibroblast cells of Chinese hamsters, clone 431 in which 80% of the cells had ...

An unusual spectrum of aberrations, characterized by a sharp exchange deficiency, was demonstrated in germinating seeds of Crepis capillaris L. synchronized with 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine at the start of the S phase following exposure to 100 R x-rays. The modification of the cytogenetic effect of x-radiation of dry crepis seeds (10 and 15 kR) by 5-aminouracil consisted ...

Tunable multi-chamber microfluidic membrane microlenses with achromaticity over a given focal length range are demonstrated. In analogy to a fixed-focus achromatic doublet lens, the multi-lens system is based on a stack of microfluidic cavities filled with optically optimized liquids with precisely defined refractive index and Abbe number, and these are independently pneumatically actuated. The ...

Points on the surface of a sphere can be mapped by stereographic projection to points on the plane of complex numbers. If the points on the sphere are identified with the directions of incoming light rays, then the effect of a Lorentz transformation, a rotation plus a boost, is represented by a bilinear or M�bius transformation applied to points on the complex plane. This procedure allows the ...

One can control the aberrations of an optical readout system by varying the width of a strip of antireflection coatings deposited upon plastic objective lenses. It is found that one can control the magnitude of the third-order astigmatism of the system by changing the coating width. This process has the advantage that it does not significantly cause other kinds of ...

The cytogenetic effects of triethylenemelamine (TEM) were studied using five different mammalian tissues. Treatments of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg TEM on differentiating mouse spermatogonia and bone marrow cells showed no significant differences in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations produced in these two tissues. At higher doses, however, the sensitivities of the two tissues ...

The cytogenetic effects of triethylenemelamine (TEM) were studied using five different mammalian tissues. Treatments of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg TEM on differentiating mouse spermatogonia and bone marrow cells showed no significant differences in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations produced in these two tissues. At higher doses, however, the sensitivities of the two tissues ...

PURPOSE:To determine whether the spatial demodulation processing of Shack-Hartmann images is suitable for extracting wavefront gradients for ocular wavefront sensors.METHODS:We developed a custom software program to implement the spatial demodulation technique. To test the algorithm�s performance, we generated simulated spot images and obtained an eye examination image. We generated a collection ...

In space, astronauts are unavoidably exposed to charged particles from protons to irons. For a better estimate of the health risks of astronauts, further knowledge on the biological effects of charged particles, in particular the induction of cytogenetic damage is required. One im-portant factor that determines the biological response is the track structure of particles, i.e. their microscopic ...

The research objective is assessment of structural genomic damages in plutonium workers. The study group included the Mayak nuclear workers subject to chronic occupational exposure to incorporated 239Pu and/or external gamma-rays. The analysis was performed based on the culture of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The yield of intra-chromosomal exchange ...

A freshly drawn venous blood, blood oxygenated by equilibrium with expired air and whole-blood nonstimulated (PHA-) microcultures of lymphocytes (average partial oxygen tension of 30, 150, and 177 mm Hg, respectively) were irradiated vith x-rays doses in the range from 50 to 450 rads, and dicentrics aberrations scored in metaphasal figures of lymphocytes culiured for ...

Chromosome examinations were made both in cultured peripheral lyniphocytes and in freshly aspirated bone marrow cells of 6 persons accidentally exposed to gamma rays from /sup 192/Ir. Samples of peripheral blood for the chromosome analysis were repeated mostly at weekly intervals during the hospitalization beginning 10 to 11 days after the initial exposure, and at more prolonged ...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate as to what extent differences in the linear energy transfer (LET) are reflected at the chromosomal level. For this study human lymphocytes were exposed to 9.5 MeV/u C-ions (1 or 2 Gy, LET=175 keV/microm) or X-rays (1-6 Gy), harvested at 48, 72 or 96 h post-irradiation and aberrations were scored in first cycle metaphases ...

Tradescantia inflorescences which were preirradiatively treated for 1 1/ 2 hr in protein inhibitors, dihydrostreptomycin, puromycin, or chioramphenicol, and irradiated in helium. gave lower chromosomai aberration yields than did the chemically untreated controls. Thus, it was indicated that in these experiments, protein synthesis was not necessary ...

We propose an innovative method for localized wavefront correction based on area-mapped phase-shift (AMPS) interferometry. In this Letter, we present the theory and then experimentally compare it with a previously demonstrated method based on spot-optimized phase-stepping (SOPS) interferometry. We found that AMPS outperforms SOPS interferometry in terms of speed by threefold, although in noisy ...

The biological response to high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation differs considerably from that to low LET radiation and this has been attributed to differences in the spatial energy deposition of both radiation qualities. In the case of X-rays the energy is deposited uniformly within the cell nucleus and produces damages in a purely stochastic manner. In contrast, for particles the energy ...

BackgroundRadiotherapists are highly interested in optimizing doses especially for patients who tend to suffer from side effects of radiotherapy (RT). It seems to be helpful to identify radiosensitive individuals before RT.Thus we examined aberrations in FISH painted chromosomes in in vitro irradiated blood samples of a group of patients suffering from breast cancer. In ...

A novel optical surface testing method termed the grating-slit test is demonstrated to provide quantitative measurements and a large dynamic measurement range. Although it uses a grating and a slit, as in the traditional Ronchi test, the grating-slit test is different in that the grating is used as the object and the slit is located at the observation plane. This is an arrangement that appears not ...

Genotoxic agents induce chromosomal alterations, such as aberrations, micronuclei, and sister chromatid exchanges as well as mutations both in vivo and in vitro. Ionizing radiation and typical radiomimmetic agents such as bleomycin are very efficient inducers of chromosomal aberrations. The type of aberrations induced by these agents ...

-The genotoxic effect of rifampicin (RMP), one of the most active antituberculosis agents is studied. Also, the possible protection provided by the natural antioxidant vitamins C (VC) and E (VE) against the genotoxic effect of RMP is assessed. Mice were orally treated by gavage with 10, 50, 150 and 300 mg RMP kg(-1) body weight (bw). Also, oral treatment was conducted with RMP plus the vitamins. ...

Inconsistent results among reports on cadmium genotoxicity revealed that certain confounding factors might significantly influence the outcomes of assessment. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-W8) cells, chromosome aberration induced by six different cadmium compounds was found positively associated with intracellular cadmium concentration. A parallel association was also observed ...

The effects of {alpha}-particle irradiation on hamster and human lung cells have been studied. In both cases two end points were taken, cell death and the induction of chromosome aberrations. The hamster cells were common stock V79 cells; the human ones were freshly derived from fetal material. For both types of cells, the survival curves could be described by straight lines ...

A genotoxicity test, based on the evaluation of sister-chromatid exchange frequencies, has been developed for the spruce fir. The basic frequency was 36.9 SCEs/cell. Mitomycin C treatment (MMC, 5 x 10(-6) M, 0.5 h) doubled the 'spontaneous' SCE frequency, maleic hydrazide treatment (MH, 5 x 10(-4) M, 0.5 h) increased it nearly 7-fold. This corresponds to data obtained previously for Vicia faba. ...

Speculation has long surrounded the question of whether past exposure to ionizing radiation leaves a unique permanent signature in the genome. Intrachromosomal rearrangements or deletions are produced much more efficiently by densely ionizing radiation than by chemical mutagens, x-rays, or endogenous aging processes. Until recently, such stable intrachromosomal aberrations ...

Speculation has long surrounded the question of whether past exposure to ionizing radiation leaves a unique permanent signature in the genome. Intrachromosomal rearrangements or deletions are produced much more efficiently by densely ionizing radiation than by chemical mutagens, x-rays, or endogenous aging processes. Until recently, such stable intrachromosomal aberrations ...

Confluent human fibroblast cells were exposed to 6 Gy ?-rays or 200 MeV/nucleon Fe ions at 0.7 or 3 Gy. The cells were allowed to repair for 24 hours after exposure and chromosomes were collected using a premature chromosome condensation technique with calyculin-A. Chromosome aberrations were analyzed using the multicolor FISH (mFISH) technique that allows identification of ...

Human lymphocytes were irradiated with /sup 60/Co ..gamma..-quanta after 0, 10, 20, 35, 45, 48, or 49.5 h of incubation. Immediately after irradiation, sodium cyanide (SC), sodium fluoride (SF), or monoiodoacetic acid (MIAA) was introduced for 2.5 h. Unirradiated cells were subjected to the same agents. Chromosome aberrations detected during metaphase of the first mitosis were ...

In a patient with Morbus Hodgkin, structural aberrations of the chromosome type in peripheral lymphocytes were analyzed during radiation therapy (accumulated target dose 44.6 Gy: 22 fractions of 1.8 Gy each and 2 fractions of 2.5 Gy each at the end of the therapy). The blood was sampled about 5 min after a fraction and/or 24, 48, or 72 h thereafter. The frequency of dicentric ...

The effects of specific aberrations on the optical performance of the all-composite design for the Herschel Space Observatory are examined. A review of the all-composite design for the large aperture (3.5 m) telescope that satisfies the target specifications is presented. Cyrogenic experiments with a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) 2 m demonstration mirror have ...

It is often thought that unrepaired or misrepaired complex DNA double-strand breaks are responsible for cell inactivation and chromosomal aberrations. Here the role of inner-shell (core) ionizations in DNA atoms is studied. Ultrasoft X-rays from LURE synchrotron radiation have been used to produce core events which mimic the ones induced by ionizing radiations. By tuning the ...

Chlamydiae growing in target mucosal human epithelial cells in vitro can transition from their normal developmental cycle progression, alternating between infectious but metabolically inactive elementary bodies to metabolically active but noninfectious reticulate bodies (RBs) and back to elementary bodies, into a state of persistence. Persistence in vitro is defined as viable but noncultivable ...

Chlamydiae growing in target mucosal human epithelial cells in vitro can transition from their normal developmental cycle progression -- alternating between infectious but metabolically-inactive elementary bodies (EB) to metabolically-active but non-infectious reticulate bodies (RB) and back to EB -- into a state of �persistence�. Persistence in vitro is defined as �viable but non-cultivable ...

This paper proposes a technique for in situ measurement of lens aberrations up to the 37th Zernike coefficient in lithographic tools under partial coherent illumination. The technique requires the acquisition and analysis of aerial image intensities of a set of 36 binary gratings with different pitches and orientations. By simplifying the theoretical derivation of the optical ...

The chromosome aberration test is frequently used for the assessment of the potential of chemicals and drugs to elicit genetic damage in mammalian cells in vitro. Due to the limitations of experimental genotoxicity testing in early drug discovery phases, a model to predict the chromosome aberration test yielding high accuracy and ...

The yields of unstable chromosome aberrations induced in human lymphocytes by ..beta.. particles from tritiated water (HTO) have been measured. HTO was mixed with heparinized blood in various amounts so that doses of 0.25 to 7.0 Gy were delivered in 20 min and 1.5 and 2.5 hr. After culturing for 48 hr, the dicentric yield was measured ...

... surface membrane to correct for aberrations. ... less curvature results in less aberration. ... a negative conic constant helps reduce spherical aberration. ...

... for chromatic aberration, astigmatism, thermal effects, and spherical aberration. An important reason for controlling aberrations through combination ...