... Commonly used cytogenetic assays are the micronucleus assay, sister chromatid exchanges, and chromosome aberrations. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
Methods for detecting sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and some applications of the SCE test in investigations of the properties of carcinogens and mutagens are discussed. The relations of SCEs to chromosome aberration formation, DNA repair processes, an...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Traditional bioassays are unsuitable for assessing sublethal effects of low levels of radioactivity because mortality and phenotypic responses are not anticipated. We compared the usefulness of chromosomal aberration (CA) and sister chromatid exchange (SC...
... variable fluorescence induction. Animals were examined for sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations. It was ...
... after ultraviolet light damage of the DNA; and the possible induction by RFR of sister chromatid exchanges or chromosome aberrations in Chinese ...
... microsomal mutagenicity assay, the CHO gene mutation assay, the CHO/ sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberrations assay, a DNA ...
... The same two hypotheses were explored for induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ...
... medium, can affect the extent of chemically induced toxicity, mutagenicity, sister chromatid exchange, or chromosome aberrations in mammalian ...
... 6 INTRODUCTION 6 SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES AND CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS 6 Methods 8 Experimental ...
Expectations are high that sister chromatid exchange analyses in lymphocytes removed from individuals in various occupational settings may serve as monitors of preventable hazardous chemical exposures in much the same way that chromosome aberration analys...
Expectations are high that sister chromatid exchange analyses in lymphocytes removed from individuals in various occupational settings may serve as monitors of preventable hazardous chemical exposures in much the same way that chromosome aberration analyses have been useful for d...
EPA Science Inventory
Traditional bioassays are unsuitable for assessing sublethal effects from ocean disposal of low-level radioactive waste because mortality and phenotypic responses are not anticipated. We compared the usefulness of chromosomal aberration and sister chromat...
... 1987. Effects of high osmotic strength on chromosome aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges and DNA strand breaks, and the relation to toxicity. ...
... the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) gene mutation assay, the CHO/sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosome aberrations assays, the BALB ...
... assay, the CHO/HGPRT gene mutation assay, the CHO/sister chromatid exchange assay, the CHO/chromosome aberrations assay, and the BALB/ ...
... Disrupting Chemicals in Wildlife and Humans. ... Chromosome Aberration and Sister Chromatid Exchange Tests in ... Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH ...
EPA Pesticide Factsheets
The following topics are discussed: automation of chromosome analysis; storage of fixed cells from cultures of lymphocytes obtained routinely during periodic employee medical examinations; analysis of banded chromosomes; identification of first division metaphases; sister chromatid exchange; and patterns of aberration induction. (HLW)
DOE Information Bridge
Exposure to asbestos minerals has been associated with a wide variety of adverse health effects including lung cancer, pleural mesothelioma, and cancer of other organs. It was shown previously that asbestos samples collected from a local asbestos factory enhanced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations in vitro ...
PubMed Central
Aspartame (a-Laspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methylester) is a dipeptide low-calorie artificial sweetener that is widely used as a nonnutritive sweetener in foods and drinks. The safety of aspartame and its metabolic breakdown products (phenylalanine, aspartic acid and methanol) was investigated in vivo using chromosomal aberration (CA) test and sister ...
Beauvericin, a naturally occurring contaminants of food and feeds, has been implicated in several mycotoxicoses; however, there is little information on its genotoxicity. Therefore, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of beauvericin in in vitro cultures of human lymphocytes were investigated with chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister-chromatid exchanges ...
PubMed
To test whether coke oven workers, an occupational group known to be at increased cancer risk, manifest increased peripheral blood chromosomal aberration frequencies, we obtained samples from a group of 30 steelworker volunteers, who had worked several years at coke oven jobs. Exposure estimates were made using measurements of work place atmospheric coal tar pitch volatiles ...
The principles involved in the formation of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges are reviewed and their use as biological indicators of mutations or other induced cytogenetic damage discussed. The discussion centers on the use of human cells, specifically lymphocytes, in bioassays of mutagens and carcinogens. 28 ...
Energy Citations Database
Chromosome damage was studied in female B6C3F1 mice exposed to dichloromethane (DCM) by subcutaneous or inhalation treatments. No increase in either the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) or chromosome aberrations (CAs) in bone marrow cells ...
Chromosome damage was studied in female B6C3F1 mice exposed to dichloromethane (DCM) by subcutaneous or inhalation treatments. o increase in either the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) or chromosome aberrations (CAs) in bone marrow cells was observed after a singl...
... TITLE: Role of Sister Chromatid Cohesion in the Apoptotic Response of Normal and Malignant Mammary Cells with Known Aneuploidy ...
... Title : Role of Sister Chromatid Cohesion in the Apoptotic Response of Normal and Malignment Mammary Cells With Known Aneuploidy. ...
... Title : Role of Sister Chromatid Cohesion in the Apoptotic Response of Normal and Malignant Mammary Cells with Known Aneuploidy. ...
... Accession Number : ADA444254. Title : Linking Sister Chromatid Cohesion to Apoptosis and Aneuploidy in the Development of Breast Cancer. ...
... Accession Number : ADA427750. Title : Linking Sister Chromatid Cohesion to Apoptosis and Aneuploidy in the Development of Breast Cancer. ...
... Accession Number : ADA418197. Title : Linking Sister Chromatid Cohesion to Apoptosis and Aneuploidy in the Development of Breast Cancer. ...
... Accession Number : ADA409807. Title : Linking Sister Chromatid Cohesion to Apoptosis and Aneuploidy in the Development of Breast Cancer. ...
Cadmium is an important toxic environmental heavy metal. Generally, occupational and environmental exposures to cadmium result from heavy metal mining, metallurgy and industrial use and the manufacturing of nickel-cadmium batteries, pigments and plastic stabilizers. Cadmium induces oxidative stress and alters the antioxidant system, resulting in oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. The ...
The ability of three ultimate matabolites of benzo(a)-pyrene and of 7-bromomethylbenz(a)anthracene to induce 8-azaguanine mutants, sister-chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations has been investigated. 7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene was shown to be an extremely efficient inducer of both mutants and ...
Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations induced by curcumin (a natural dye) and tartrazine (a synthetic dye) were studied on bone marrow cells of mice and rats following acute and chronic exposure via the diet. Except for two low concentrations in the curcumin and one low concentration in the tartrazine treated ...
In Vicia faba lateral root-tips cell divisions containing chromosomal aberrations began to appear approximates 3 hr after immersion of the roots in solutions containing FUDR in concentrations of 0.5 mu M or higher. The aberrations consisted mainiy of gaps and chromatid breaks. Aberrations involving ...
Frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations were examined in peripheral lymphocytes of Rhesus monkeys that had been fed a diet containing 25 parts per trillion 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin for a period of 4 years. When compared to non-exposed control animals, no significant differences were noted for ...
Exposure of adult male and female DBA/2 mice to 3100 ppM benzene for 4 hr significantly increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells of both sexes, inhibited marrow cellular proliferation (but only in male mice), and did not significantly increase the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in either sex. ...
A genotoxicity test, based on the evaluation of sister-chromatid exchange frequencies, has been developed for the spruce fir. The basic frequency was 36.9 SCEs/cell. Mitomycin C treatment (MMC, 5 x 10(-6) M, 0.5 h) doubled the 'spontaneous' SCE frequency, maleic hydrazide treatment (MH, 5 x 10(-4) M, 0.5 h) increased it nearly 7-fold. This corresponds to data obtained ...
Chromosomal aberration and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies were determined in lymphocytes cultured from 12 high-risk individuals working at a landfill for hazardous waste disposal. Cell proliferation kinetics (CPK) was also determined. Compared with 7 control individuals, no effects were observed with respect to SCE nor on ...
Various enviromental pollutants are suspected of being capable of causing cancers or genetic defects even at low levels of exposure. In order to estimate risk from exposure to these pollutants, it would be useful to have some indicator of exposure. It is suggested that chromosomes are ideally suited for this purpose. Through the phenonema of chromosome aberrations and ...
The genotoxic effects of the antifungal drug fluconazole (trade name triflucan) were assessed in the chromosome aberration (CA) test in mouse bone-marrow cells in vivo and in the chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) tests in human lymphocytes. Fluconazole was used at ...
Werner Syndrome (WS) is characterized by premature aging, genomic instability, and cancer. The combined impact of WRN helicase deficiency and limiting telomere reserves is central to disease pathogenesis. Here, we report that cells doubly deficient for telomerase and WRN helicase show chromosomal aberrations and elevated recombination rates between telomeres of ...
The induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured cells by mutagenic carcinogens provides a sensitive cytogenetic test for the observations of the effects of these compounds on DNA. The induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), occurs at very ...
Fenthion is an organophosphorus insecticide which is extensively used in control of leaf hoppers, cutworms, mites on vegetable crops. It has been reported that organophosphorus pesticides cause a significant increase in sister chromatid exchanges in mammalian cell lines. A significant increase of chromosomal aberrations has been ...
Three pairs of structurally similar carcinogenic/non-carcinogenic chemicals were tested for in vivo genotoxic activity in B6C3F1 mice. The carcinogenic/non-carcinogenic pairs, respectively, were o-toluidine hydrochloride/o-anthranilic acid, 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine/4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, and 3-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride/2-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride. Bone marrow cells ...
... Mitosis and apoptosis are closely interrelated (Lipponen et al., 1994). ... Linking Sister Chromatid Cohesion and Apoptosis: Role of Rad2i ...
In two rodent species, the Chinese hamster and the montane vole (Microtus montanus), the rate of sister chromatid exchange was lower in constitutive heterochromatin than in euchromatin. PMID:793794
The effects of contrast material (meglumine iothalamate) on radiation-induced chromosome aberrations were investigated in studies on the lymphocytes of patients who had undergone diagnostic radiography and in in vitro experiments with diagnostic x rays and /sup 60/Co gamma rays. Chromosome and chromatid aberrations were found to ...
230 Sister chromatid cohesion in mitosis Sue Biggins* and Andrew W Murray? Sister chromatid regulated. If cohesion is not cstahlished sister chro- matids will separacc before mitosis, leading in mitosis Biggins and Murray 231 Table 1 Proteins involved in mitotic sister ...
E-print Network
Chromosome breakage analysis with Mitomycin C (MMC) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were obtained on 10 computer operators with computer exposure for a minimum of 3 hours per day for 4 years and 10 control subjects matched for age and personal lifestyle. No difference was found between the two groups in the total number of ...
Chromosomes are dynamic structures that are reorganized during the cell cycle to optimize them for distinct functions. SMC and non-SMC condensin proteins associate into complexes that have been implicated in the process of chromosome condensation. The roles of the individual non-SMC subunits of the complex are poorly understood, and mutations in the CAP-G subunit have not been described in ...
Ethylene dibromide (EDB) has been shown to increase sister chromatid exchange in animal cells in vitro, but its cytogenetic effects in humans have not been previously studied. A solution containing EDB is used in the summer months in Colorado to spray felled pine trees to kill pine beetles. We have assessed the frequencies of sister ...
Frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities, sister chromatid exchanges, and replicative index were assessed following peripheral lymphocyte culture in 129 individuals from Bhopal, India. Of these, 83 persons (40 male and 43 female) had been exposed directly to the methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas after the accident at the Union Carbide plant on December 2 and 3, ...
Three pairs of structurally similar carcinogenic/non-carcinogenic chemicals were tested for in vivo genotoxic activity in B6C3F1 mice. The carcinogenic/non-carcinogenic pairs, respectively, were o-toluidine hydrochloride/o-anthranilic acid, 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine/4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, and 3-(chloromethyl)/pyridine hydrochloride/2-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride. Bone marrow cells ...
A survey of the cytogenetic effects of exposure to ethylene oxide was conducted on 43 workers in ethylene oxide production units and 27 workers in a quality-assurance laboratory who were exposed to ethylene oxide and other chemicals. Circulating lymphocytes were isolated and assayed for chromosomal aberrations. Median ethylene oxide exposures ranged from 0.14 to 10.9 parts per ...
The use of polymers in plastic and rubber products has generated concern that monomers potentially active in biological systems may be eluted from these substances. The authors have evaluated two such monomers, acrylonitrile and styrene, for the induction of chromosome damage in ...
In the present project, ue uished to establish beforehand the possible genotoxic effects of selected pesticides, including several fumigants and one organophosphate (OP) in vitro in anticipation of a human study of genotoxicity of exposed fumigant/pesticide applicators. his proce...
A detailed methodology is presented for culturing mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated on density gradients and stimulated to divide using either phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or lipopolysaccharide. The techniques described yield more than sufficient numbers of mitotic cells for analyzing sister chromatid exchange, chromosome, ...
Genotoxicity evaluation of a widely used glucocorticoid medicine, dexamethasone, was undertaken using in vitro and in vivo assays. Analyses of chromosomal aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in human lymphocytes and micronuclei and SCEs in mouse bone marrow showed the drug to be capable of attacking the genetic material. However, the ...
The chromosome aberration yield for human lymphocytes exposed in vitro to various doses of 137 Cesium has been studied. Dicentric, total acentric and excess acentric data were seen to follow a Possion distribution. Calculated total hits demonstrated over-dispersion which could po...
