In this study, it was shown that abietic acid, an abietane diterpenoid, inhibited soybean 5-lipoxygenase (linoleate: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.12) and an IC(50) of 29.5 +/- 1.29 microM was determined. Since the lipoxygenase pathway leads to the biosynthesis of leukotrienes this result supports the view that ...

Abietic acid is a major component of the rosin fraction of oleoresin synthesized by grand fir (Abies grandis), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and many other conifer species as a defensive secretion against insect and pathogen attack. The diterpenoid resin acid is derived from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate via abietadiene, with ...

Catechols from abietic acid were prepared by a short and good yielding chemical process and further evaluated for several biological activities namely, antifungal, antitumoral, antimutagenic, antiviral, antiproliferative and inhibition of nitric oxide. Their properties were compared with those of carnosic acid (6), ...

Abstract We investigated the anti-obesity effect of abietic acid in mice fed a high-fat diet with emphasis on changes in adipogenesis in epididymal adipose tissues. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups and fed a normal diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD plus oral administration of abietic acid ...

The anti-inflammatory activity of abietic acid, a diterpene isolated from Pimenta racemosa var. grissea (Myrtaceae), was evaluated in-vivo and in-vitro. This compound significantly inhibited rat paw oedema induced by carrageenan in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and mouse ear oedema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, ...

.012 Stearic 0.011 0.021 RESIN ACIDS (mg/L) Abietic 0.19 0.138 Dehydroabietic 0.11 0.141 Chlorodehydrobietic 0 suspended solids (bacterial floes), resin acids, dissolved salts, nitrogen and phosphorus, aluminum and zinc effluent was slightly toxic to trout at full strength, probably from resin acids, and ...

Kraft pulp mill effluents contain elevated concentrations of resin acids, chiefly abietic and dehydroabietic acid, and other lipophilic wood constituents. Resin acids, if not efficiently removed during wastewater treatment, can be responsible for chronic toxicity in aquatic systems. The objective of this study was ...

AXYS reported that the isomerization of neoabietic and palustric acids to form abietic acid has been should be interpreted with caution. For AXYS, the first RAQ1 analysis clearly had a lower abietic acid's higher detection limit of 5ug/L. Abietic acid, ...

A series of C18-oxygenated derivatives of abietic acid were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic, antimycotic, and antiviral activities. In general, the introduction of an aldehyde group at C18 did improve the resultant bioactivity, while the presence of an acid or alcohol led to less active compounds. PMID:19217699

The diterpene isopimaric acid was extracted from the immature cones of Pinus nigra (Arnold) using bioassay-guided fractionation of a crude hexane extract. Isopimaric acid was assayed against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 32-64 microg/mL and compared with a ...

Abietic acid is one of the terpenoids, which are multifunctional natural compounds. It has been reported that abietic acid suppresses effects on inflammation. However, the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects remains unclear. The present work indicates that abietic ...

The conversion of abietic acid at 250C and at atmospheric pressure in contact with active clay was studied. Under these conditions abietic acid decomposes vigorously with abundant liberation of gas and formation of liquid hydrocarbons. Highly-carbonaceous...

DURING the course of a series of oil investigations, an oil loaded with resin was distilled in vacuo (28 in. mercury); subsequent to distillation the residue was found to contain a substance having the chemical properties of abietic acid but which differed physically in spite of the fact that the nature of the resin present suggested ...

A series of C18-oxygenated derivatives of dehydroabietic acid were synthesized from commercial abietic acid and evaluated for their cytotoxic, antimycotic, and antiviral activities. PMID:19892441

Polyurethane foam supports immobilization of Mortierella isabellina ATCC 38063, a zygomycete that hydroxylates and thereby detoxifies resin acids found in certain pulp mill effluents. The fungus becomes entrapped as it threads growing mycelia through the open foam matrix. The tenacity of binding and the amount of biomass bound depend on initial spore numbers and nutrient ...

probably derived by low temperature degradation of abietic acid3 (11), .... acid rain (2). Effects of Fire. aggravate most of the environmental stresses of ...

An Alcaligenes species, which was isolated from soil, can utilize abietic acid as its sole carbon source. During growth, the bacterium transforms abietic acid into 5?-hydroxyabietic acid (I, R=OH), a product considered to be 7?-hydroxy-13-isopropyl-8?-podocarp-13-en-15-oic ...

Terpenoids form a large and structurally diverse family of natural products and are ingredients of various herbal medicines. We have investigated possible interactions between herbal medicines and conventional medicines, and recently reported that monoterpenoids contained in Zanthoxyli Fructus can be potent inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In the present study, the influence of 70 kinds of ...

(Table 2), dehydroabietic and abietic acids dominated in all samples. Pimaric acid was also common in measured levels of dehydroabietic, abietic and pimaric acids. In each case, acid concentrations rose from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 3.3.1 Resin ...

Linear discriminant analysis was performed to derive discriminant functions based on 2D descriptors and capable of classifying anticonvulsant from non-anticonvulsant compounds. Through application in virtual screening of the discriminant function which performed best in the validation steps, abietic acid was identified as a potential new anticonvulsant ...

3D interactive model of abietic_acid C₂₀H₃₀O₂ for demonstrating molecular geometry, vibrations, symmetry and orbitals.

Abietic acid (AA), the main component of the rosin fraction of oleoresin synthesized by conifer species, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. AA is a weak contact allergen; however, compounds resulting from its oxidation by air elicit stronger allergic response. Hydrogenation of the conjugated double bonds of AA, as in tetrahydroabietic ...

Abietic acid (AA), the main component of the rosin fraction of oleoresin synthesized by conifer species, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. AA is a weak contact allergen; however, compounds resulting from its oxidation by air elicit stronger allergic response. Hydrogenation of the conjugated double bonds of AA, as in tetrahydroabietic ...

The acidic fraction of the resin of Pinus massoniana Lamb. from China was converted to the p-nitrophenyl esters, and the esters separated by chromatography. The separated p-nitrophenyl esters were individually hydrolysed by potassium hydroxide in acetone-water at room temperature to 8 diterpene acids of the pimarane and abietane groups: pimaric ...

In previous studies, 15 putative allelopathic compounds detected in rice root exudates were quantified by GC/MS/MS. In this study, multiple regression analysis on these compounds determined that five selected phenolics, namely caffeic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, and p-coumaric acids, from rice exudates were best correlated with the observed allelopathic effect on ...

The possibility of interactions between natural products/supplements and conventional prescription medicines is one of the most important issues in pharmacotherapeutic safety. Recently, we reported that some terpenoids such as (R)-(+)-citronellal and glycyrrhetic acid, which are present in herbal medicines, can act as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1). In the present ...

Identification of the Diels-Alder adduct of Abietic Acid (AA) and maleic anhydride (MA) or Fumaric Acid (FA) using a Shimadzu QP 5050A Gas chromatograph Mass spectrometer revealed that AA and MA produced endo-maleopimaric acid (MPA) and endo-maleopimaric acid tricarboxylic ...

Resin acids, a class of wood extractives, are potential toxic constituents in many pulp and paper mill effluents. In the present investigation, the effects of two predominant resin acids, dehydroabietic acid (DHA) and abietic acid (ABA), on survival, reproduction, and growth of the freshwater ...

A sink-float procedure, employing a mixture of nheptane and CCl/sub 4/ as tbe separation medium, is a satisfactory means of separating the resins from the coal in a pure form. These resins are primarily resin acids and esters. The resin acids are composed of two major fractions, amber and a form of oxidized abietic ...

and Fatty Acids Fatty Acids Lower Fraser trace Swain 1993 Abietic acid Lower Fraser 1.68 ug/g Swain 1993 Chlorodehydroabietic acid Lower Fraser 0.404 Ugg Swain 1993 Pimsric acid Lower Fraser 0.55 Uglg Swain 1993 Organotin in sewage treatment plant effluent) and resin ...

A simple and sensitive method for the determination of abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid in food samples was developed using a fully automated method consisting of in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). These compounds were separated within 5min by HPLC using an ODS-3 ...

Abietic acid (Aba), dehydroabietic acid (DAba), and 2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (2-HTDA) were identified by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Mass Spectroscopy and found to be elevated in the exudate of Ri T-DNA transformed carrot roots that were grown in the absence relative to the presence of phosph...

A rapid screening assay for chemicals inhibiting 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) type 1 or type 2 using lysates from stably transfected cells was developed. Here, we tested a series of environmental chemicals for anti-11beta-HSD activities. Inhibition of 11beta-HSD2, which may cause cortisol-dependent activation of the mineralocorticoid ...

The inhibition of methane production by Methanosaeta concilii GP6, Methanospirillum hungatei GP1, Methanobacterium espanolae GP9, and Methanobacterium bryantii M.o.H. during short-term (6-h) exposure to eight benzene ring compounds was studied. The concentration that caused 50% inhibition of the methane production rate (IC50) was dependent on the species ...

The inhibition of methane production by Methanosaeta concilii GP6, Methanospirillum hungatei GP1, Methanobacterium espanolae GP9, and Methanobacterium cryantii M.o.H. during short-term (6-h) exposure to eight benzene ring compounds was studied. The concentration that caused 50% inhibition of the methane production rate (IC{sub 50}) was dependent on the ...

); the resin acid, abietic acid; and the PAH, retene. Tests using Oncorhynchus mykiss, Pimephales promelas acide r�sinique; et le r�t�ne, un HAP. Les tests utilisant Oncorhynchus mykiss, Pimephales promelas................................33 Table 6. Atypical and stress behaviour exhibited by Oncorhynchus ...

In September 1981, NIOSH received a request to evaluate health hazards associated with veneer dryer emissions at Louisiana-Pacific in Mellen, Wisconsin. Air samples for alpha and beta pinene, abietic acid, pimaric acid, and tannic acid were collected to d...

The synthesis and photophysical properties of six new abietic acid based amine end-capped p-phenylenevinylene trimers (AECPV3) in their lowest excited singlet states are presented. The AECPV3 compounds show a large red-shift of both the absorption (25-30 nm) and emission (37-42 nm) maxima with respect to those of the corresponding trimers. Picosecond ...

In this work, studies on the arylation of anilines derived from dehydroabietic acid, the main component of disproportionated rosin, are presented. The redox properties of the new diarylamines were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, and their free radical scavenging activity was tested by reduction of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Three of the diarylamines ...

This study represents the first attempt to investigate the genotoxic effects and oxidative stress of resin acids in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk). Mussels were exposed to 2.7 microM abietic acid (AA) and dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) for 6, 12, 18, and 24h. Gill and hepatopancreas conjugation ...

The title compound [systematic name: (1R)-methyl 6-bromo-7-isopropyl-1,4a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octa�hydro�phen�anthrene-1-carboxyl�ate], C₂₁H₂₉BrO₂, was synthesized from N-bromo�succinimide and methyl dehydro�abietate, which was prepared through an esterification reaction using ...

THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: (1R)-methyl 6-bromo-7-isopropyl-1,4a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octa-hydro-phen-anthrene-1-carboxyl-ate], C(21)H(29)BrO(2), was synthesized from N-bromo-succinimide and methyl dehydro-abietate, which was prepared through an esterification reaction using dehydro-abietic acid and methanol as raw ...

This research represents the first study concerning liver phase I biotransformation induction, measured as cytochrome P-450 (P450) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), and genotoxic responses, measured as erythrocytic micronuclei (EMN) and nuclear abnormalities (ENA), in Dicentrarchus labrax L. (sea bass) exposed to pulp and paper mill contaminants. Juvenile sea bass were exposed for 6 h to 0 ...

A new cycloartane-type triterpene named cycloartane-1alpha,2alpha,3beta,25-tetraol (neomyrrhaol) (1), along with four known terpenes, sandaracopimaric acid (2), abietic acid (3), 2-methoxy-5-acetoxyfruranogermacr-1(10)-en-6-one (4), and dehydroabietic acid (5) have been isolated from the resin of COMMIPHORA MYRRHA. ...

A worker in the rubber tyre industry is described with occupational asthma from exposure to a solution of tall oil, a pine resin, confirmed by specific inhalation challenge. This supports studies of contact dermatitis which have suggested abietic and dehydroabietic acid oxidants to be the cause of colophony induced allergic reactions. PMID:1551039

The title compound, C₂₆H₃₈O₆�H₂O, is a mono-ester of a derivative of maleopimaric acid, an abietic-type acid. The two fused and unbridged cyclo�hexane rings adopt approximate chair conformations while the three other three six-membered rings ...

The title compound, C(26)H(38)O(6)�H(2)O, is a mono-ester of a derivative of maleopimaric acid, an abietic-type acid. The two fused and unbridged cyclo-hexane rings adopt approximate chair conformations while the three other three six-membered rings have boat conformations. PMID:21583637

A liquid chromatography-negative ion electrospray mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS) method was evaluated for detection of four prevalent softwood-derived resin acids in natural water. Method detection limits based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1 in river water samples of 0.40, 0.40, 0.30 and 0.25 microg l(-1) for abietic, dehydroabietic, isopimaric and ...

Abietic acid is a major component of the rosin fraction of oleoresin synthesized by conifer species, such as grand fir (Abies grandis) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), as a defensive secretion against insect and pathogen attack. This diterpenoid resin acid is derived from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate by conversion to abietadiene ...

Resin acids are considered to be the main allergens in colophony (rosin). Tall oils also contain resin acids and may then be potential sensitizers. A resin acid concentrate (pine resin-HA) together with Chinese colophony were included in our standard series and applied on 563 patients with contact dermatitis. Fourteen showed an ...

Diterpene resin acids are major constituents of conifer oleoresin and play important roles in tree defense against insects and microbial pathogens. The tricyclic C-20 carboxylic acids are generally classified into two groups, the abietanes and the pimaranes. The abietanes have conjugated double bonds and exhibit characteristic UV spectra. Here, we report ...

Colophonium (gum rosin) consists of numerous compounds. We have previously shown that abietic acid (Fig. 1), the major compound in gum rosin, is oxidized to strong contact allergens at air exposure (1). The most potent allergen identified is 15-hydroperoxyabietic acid (15-HPA, Fig. 1), which was isolated as its methyl ester (Fig. 1) ...

The title compound, C(24)H(32)O(5)�C(2)H(4)O(2), is a derivative of abietic acid. The two fused and unbridged cyclo-hexane rings have chair conformations and the anhydride ring is planar. Of the other three six-membered rings, two have boat conformations and one has a twist-boat conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter-molecular O-H?O ...

For a better understanding of the mechanisms of contact allergic reactions, the patterns of cross-reactivity between different resin acid oxidation products were studied. The 13,14(alpha)-epoxide and the 13,14(beta)-epoxide of abietic acid and 15-hydroperoxydehydroabietic acid (15-HPDA) were shown in experimental ...

Resin acids are tricyclic diterpenes that are toxic to aquatic life when released in high concentrations in pulp mill effluents. These naturally formed organic acids are readily degraded by bacteria and fungi; nevertheless, many of the mechanisms involved are still unknown. We report the localization, cloning, and sequencing of genes for abietane ...

A bioassay-guided fractionation of Juniperus procera berries yielded antiparasitic, nematicidal and antifouling constituents, including a wide range of known abietane, pimarane and labdane diterpenes. Among these, abieta-7,13-diene (1) demonstrated in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D6 and W2 strains (IC(50) = 1.9 and 2.0 microg/mL, respectively), while totarol (6), ...

Abietic acid (AA) and dehydroabietic acid (DHA) have been detected in virgin paper products and recycled paper products used for food packaging. In order to evaluate the cell transformation activities of AA and DHA, the Bhas 42 cell-transformation assay for initiation and promotion was carried out. Tested in the initiation stage, AA ...

Abietic acid, a constituent of pine resin, is naturally derived from abietadiene?--a process that requires four enzymes: one (abietadiene synthase) for conversion of the acyclic, achiral geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the polycyclic, chiral abietadiene (a complex process involving the copalyl diphosphate intermediate) and then three to oxidize a single ...

The demand for novel effective antioxidant-based drugs has led to the synthesis and evaluation of the antioxidant potential in several molecules derived from natural compounds. In this work the in vitro antioxidant activity of an abietic acid-derived catechol (methyl 11,12-dihydroxyabietate-8,11,13-trien-18-oate, MDTO) was evaluated. This substance, ...

... ENZYMES, INHIBITION), IONS, TOXICITY, FATTY ACIDS, MICROORGANISMS, CLEANING COMPOUNDS, ACIDS, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. ...

Colophony (rosin) is a widespread material which is obtained from species of the family Pinaceae. It has a complex chemical composition, which differs depending mainly on the recovery process. The global production is about one million tons a year and the largest single consumption is in the sizing of paper and paper board. Rosin is a common cause of contact allergy and is included in the standard ...

BACKGROUND: Inhalation of fumes from heated colophony (pine resin) is a recognised cause of occupational asthma, although the mechanisms by which colophony produces symptoms are unclear and specific immune responses to colophony have not been reported in sensitised workers. A study was carried out to determine whether colophony is antigenic. METHODS: The immune responses to colophony were studied ...

Eleven organic compounds (2-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, 2-nitrobenzoic acid, anthranilic acid, styrene, 4,5-dichloroguaiacol, 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol, tetrachloroguaiacol, dehydroabietic acid, isopimaric acid, and abietic acid) were selected as probes to identify the ...

An investigation was undertaken to establish the concentration in paper products of dehydroabietic (DHA) and abietic (AA) resin acids, present in rosin, which are major toxicants of pulp- and paper-mill effluent. Their migration was studied from paper and paperboard products into various food-simulating solvents and the substitute fatty food simulant Tenax ...

From the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of the needles of Pinus densiflora (Pinaceae), a new diterpenoid glucoside [9alpha,13alpha-epoxy-8beta,14beta-dihydroxy-abietic acid-18-O-beta-D: -glucopyranoside] (1), two flavonoid glucosides [kaempferol 3-O-beta-D: -glucoside (2) and 6-C-methyl kaempferol 3-O-beta-D: -glucoside (3)], and two ...

acid 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 - 1346 -terpinyl acetate - - 0.2 0.6 0.1 - 1403 methyl eugenol t 0.5 - - - - - 2282 sempervirol 0.4 0.1 0.1 - - - 2298 4-epi-abietal - - 0.1 - t t 2314 trans-totarol 0.2 t 0.6 0.1 0

The method of refining cracked oil consists in dissolving oil-soluble heavy metallic soap of abietic acid in a volatile organic solvent which will disperse homogeneously in cracked oil; pouring the solution thus obtained slowly into cracked oil while in a cold state to permit the soap solution to disperse naturally and homogeneously in the cracked oil ...

The heartwood of Picea mariana contained resin acids (1) 14, fatty acids (11) 2, esters 10, nonsaponifiables 13, and phenolic compounds 61%, whereas P. glauca contained (1) 12, (11) 1, esters 42, nonsaponifiables 13, and phenolic compounds 32%. The (1) consisted primarily of palustric, isopimaric, abietic,and dehydroabietic ...

Degradation of abietic, levopimaric and dehydroabietic acids after exposure to air and light over a period of one to several months, as well as examination of degraded French tall oil rosin and Portuguese colophony, led to the isolation of numerous oxidation products. These compounds were synthesized and consigned to experimental sensitization in guinea ...

acid 94.55 30.33 28.95 11.12 15.26 7.61 39.11 4.52 0.96 Abietic acid 1.44 0.73 0.13 0.09 Abieta-6 primary standards of NBS Oxalic Acid I (NIST-SRM-4990) or Oxalic Acid II (NIST-SRM-4990C) used during all-extractable organic com- pounds (17 n-alkanes, 3 branched alkanes, 10 hopanes, 7 steranes, ...

A cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoretic method has been developed for the analysis of eleven common resin acids using a pH 4.5, 20 mM sodium acetate buffer containing 10% acetonitrile, 20 mM methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MECD) and 30 mM sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBCD) as buffer modifiers. At pH below their pKa (< 5.7-6.4) the resin acids ...

Mucor circinelloides and Mortierella isabellina hydroxylated dehydroabietic acid (DehA). DehA was converted regio- and stereo-selectively by whole cells of Mr. circinelloides to give 2alpha-hydroxydehydroabietic acid in a 75% molar conversion yield (11 mM from 14.7 mM DehA) after 72 h in the cultivation medium containing 3% (v/v) Tween 80. With cells of ...

The nonvolatile diethyl ether extracts (NVEE) from ponderosa, lodgepole, and limber pines were analyzed to determine the amounts and chemical composition of the tall oil precursors (resin acids, fatty acids, and nonsaponifiables) and turpentine precursors available from these species. The results showed that crude tall oil compositions would be ...

... TRANSLATIONS, INHIBITION, MELTING POINT, BORIC ACID, SUCCINIC ACID, METHYLENE BLUE, MALIC ACID, ENZYME INHIBITORS ...

The title compound, C₂₄H₃₂O₅�C₂H₄O₂, is a derivative of abietic acid. The two fused and unbridged cyclo�hexane rings have chair conformations and the anhydride ring is planar. Of the other three six-membered rings, ...

.95 11.12 15.26 7.61 39.11 4.52 0.96 Abietic acid 1.44 0.73 0.13 0.09 Abieta-6,8,11,13,15-pentae-18-oic)std is a ratio calculated from either of two primary standards of NBS Oxalic Acid I (NIST-SRM-4990) or Oxalic Acid II (NIST-SRM-4990C) used during all 14 C measure- ments (McNichol et al., 2001). The fm

The River Saale is the Elbe's major tributary flowing through the state of Thuringia, Germany and receives organics inputs from several industrial facilities including pulp and paper mills. Resin acids constitute a major class of polar organics and environmental toxins derived primarily from pulp and paper processing of softwoods. Since wastewater treatment methods at pulp and ...

An investigation of the chemical basis for rice allelopathy to the rice weed arrowhead (Sagittaria montevidensis) was undertaken using GC/MS and GC/MS/MS techniques. Twenty-five compounds were isolated and identified from the root exudates of both allelopathic and non-allelopathic rice varieties. Phenolics, phenylalkanoic acids, and indoles were among the chemical classes ...