Neotyphodium endophytes are asexual, filamentous fungi, mutualistically associated with diverse cool season grasses. Infected seeds and vegetative organs of infected host plants are the only known modes of propagation of the asexual endophytes. In the last decade certain Epichlo� and Neotyphodium-infected grass species have been shown to have epiphyllous structures of the endophytes, hyphae, ...

Infection with Aspergillus terreus is more likely to result in invasive, disseminated disease when compared to other Aspergillus species; importantly this species appears to be less susceptible to the antifungal drug amphotericin B. Unique to this species is the ability to produce specialized structures denoted as accessory conidia (AC) directly on hyphae ...

Trichoderma conidia are mostly produced by solid fermentation systems. Inoculum is produced by liquid culturing, and then transferred to solid substrate for aerial conidial production. Aerial conidia of T. harzianum are hydrophilic in nature, and it is difficult to separate them from the solid subst...

Viabilities of entomopathogenic fungal conidia comprising biopesticide products are most commonly determined by suspension of dry conidia from storage in a water/surfactant solution immediately before inoculation onto an agar-based germination substrate; conidia are then incubated at a moderate temp...

Two new species of Cladorrhinum, C. flexuosum and C. microsclerotigenum, are described and their sequences of the 5.8S and 28S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster analyzed. Cladorrhinum flexuosum, isolated from soil in Spain, forms fast-growing, dull yellow colonies, flexuous conidiophores and globose to dacryoid conidia. ...

The cost of cellulase is still a problem for bioethanol production. As the cellulase of Trichoderma reesei is applicable for producing ethanol from cellulosic materials, the cellulase productivity of this fungus should be increased. Therefore, we attempted to develop a system to isolate the strain with higher degrading ability of a ...

An immobilizing conidia approach was used to study the degradation ability of dichlorvos in Trichoderma atroviride T-DNA insertional mutant AMT-28. Beads with 10(7) immobilized conidia per 100 mL of Na-alginate solution exhibited the highest degradation abilities. The immobilized conidia showed ...

Beauveria bassiana colonizes insect hosts initially through a yeast phase, which is common in some artificial liquid cultures, but not reported on artificial solid media. We describe a yeast-like phase for B. bassiana isolate 447 (ATCC 20872) on MacConkey agar and its virulence toward Diatraea saccharalis and Tetranychus urticae. The yeast-like cells of B. bassiana developed by budding from ...

Low thermotolerance of entomopathogenic fungi is a major impediment to long-term storage and effective application of these biopesticides under seasonal high temperatures. The effects of high temperatures on the viability of an entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198 (KCTC 0499BP), produced on different substrates amended with various additives were explored. Ground corn was found to ...

BackgroundParacoccidioides brasiliensis ecology is not completely understood, although several pieces of evidence point to the soil as its most probable habitat. The present study aimed to investigate the fungal growth, conidia production and molecular pathogen detection in different soil conditions.MethodsSoils samples of clayey, sandy and medium textures ...

Three different germination types of conidia; unidirectional, bidirectional and multidirectional, were revealed through microscopic observations for eight Beauveria bassiana isolates germinated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that there is a positive correlation between unidirectional germination and virulence against diamondback moth, ...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin synthesized by a variety of different fungi, most of them from the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. Early detection and quantification of OTA producing species is crucial to improve food safety. In the present work, two protocols of real-time qPCR based on SYBR Green and TaqMan were developed, and their sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. Primers and ...

Aerial conidia, especially dried conidia of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are hydrophobic, and therefore surfactants are needed for developing water-based formulations in laboratory studies, greenhouse bioassays, and field trials as well as commercial product ...

Elevated tolerance to UV-B radiation and heat may be induced in conidia produced on fungi exposed during mycelial growth to sublethal stresses other than heat or UV-B. This is due to a phenomenon referred to as 'cross-protection'. Several mechanisms are associated with this increased conidial tolerance, one of which is the accumulation of trehalose and mannitol within ...

The multinucleate conidia were produced from the green mature conidia of Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 strain by colchicine treatment. The strain with higher Filter paper degrading ability was selected among those conidia using a double layer selection medium. The selected strain, JS-2 was able to collapse the filter ...

A polyphasic approach consisting of morphological, chemical and molecular characterization was applied to 31 isolates of Aspergillus Section Flavi originating from Portuguese almonds, with the aim of characterizing and identifying aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic strains. On the basis of morphological characters (mainly colony color on Czapek-Dox agar and conidia ...

Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important airborne fungal pathogen causing life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. Macrophages and neutrophils are known to kill conidia, whereas hyphae are killed mainly by neutrophils. Since hyphae are too large to be engulfed, neutrophils possess an array of extracellular killing mechanisms including the formation of ...

Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important airborne fungal pathogen causing life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. Macrophages and neutrophils are known to kill conidia, whereas hyphae are killed mainly by neutrophils. Since hyphae are too large to be engulfed, neutrophils possess an array of extracellular killing mechanisms including the formation of ...

Rice and oat flours were analyzed as media for the production of conidia by M. anisopliae var. lepidiotum. The presence of peptone increased conidia yield regardless of the substrate used; however, the highest yield was achieved on oat flour media. The effect of oxygen on conidia production ...

There is no abstract available for this product. If further information is requested, please refer to the bibliographic citation and contact the person listed under Contact field....

... Bateman, and C. Lomer. 1999. A West African pilot scale production plant for aerial conidia of Metarhzium sp. for use ... ...

... R.P., Lomer C. 1999. A West African pilot scale production plant for aerial conidia of Metarhizium sp. for use ... ...

Germinating conidia of many phytopathogenic fungi must differentiate into an infection structure called the appressorium in order to penetrate into their hosts. This differentiation is known to require contact with a hard surface. However, the molecular basis for this requirement is not known. Induction of this differentiation in the avocado pathogen, Colletotrichum ...

Drechslerella dactyloides generates elongate ellipsoid conidia and three-celled rings. Recently, Drechslerella dactyloides CNU 091025 and CNU 091026 were isolated in Korea, which generated elongate ellipsoid, Y-shaped and reaphook-shaped conidia, three-celled rings and fishhook-shaped traps. Therefore, molecular phylogenetic analysis, morphological ...

Growth under stress may influence pathogen virulence and other phenotypic traits. Conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (isolate ARSEF 2575) were produced under different stress conditions and then examined for influences on in vitro conidial germination speed, adhesion to the insect cuticle, and virulence to an insect host, Tenebrio ...

The effects of human bronchoalveolar macrophages (BAMs) on Blastomyces dermatitidis conidia were investigated. Macrophage monolayers were incubated for 5 days with or without interferon (IFN)-gamma or macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) before challenge with conidia for 48 h at 37 degrees C. Hyphal growth (germination) was inhibited 12% by ...

Analyses of fungal spores or conidia in indoor dust samples can be useful for determining the contamination status of building interiors and in signaling instances where potentially harmful exposures of building occupants to these organisms may exist. A recently developed method ...

There is no abstract available for this product. If further information is requested, please refer to the bibliographic citation and contact the person listed under Contact field....

Aspergillus flavus is a globally distributed fungus. It causes disease in human and crop plants due to the production of numerous conidia dispersed by air movement and possibly by insects. The fungus is an economically important food contaminant because it produces the most potent natural carcinogen...

Larvae of Galleria mellonella are widely used to evaluate microbial virulence and to assess the in vivo efficacy of antimicrobial agents. The aim of this work was to examine the ability of an Aspergillus fumigatus toxin, fumagillin, to suppress the immune response of larvae. Administration of fumagillin to larvae increased their susceptibility to subsequent infection with A. ...

Stabilizers were added to conidia of Penicillium frequentans at two different points of the production-formulation process to improve shelf-life of conidia stored at different temperatures. Effects were also tested on conidial germination and production. Germination of conidia without additives ...

The aim of this work was to study the effect of gamma radiation (2 kGy) on Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus ultrastructure. Moreover, the influence on aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A production was also observed. Irradiated A. flavus strain showed a dull orangish colony while control strain showed the typical green color. Minor differences were observed on stipes, ...

A fungus capable of using vegetable tissues for multiplication in soil was isolated and identified as Aspergillus flavus based on morphological characteristics and sequence similarity of ITS and 28S. When grown in liquid medium prepared from the same vegetable tissues used in soil amendment, the isolate of A. flavus produced a substance capable of preventing disease development of black leaf spot ...

Pulmonary exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus has been associated with morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. A. fumigatus conidia produce ?-glucan, proteases, and other immunostimulatory factors upon germination. Murine models have shown that the ability of A. fumigatus to germinate at physiological temperature may be an ...

Pulmonary exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus has been associated with morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. A. fumigatus conidia produce ?-glucan, proteases, and other immunostimulatory factors upon germination. Murine models have shown that the ability of A. fumigatus to germinate at physiological temperature may be an ...

The conidia-mycelia transformation is an essential step during the life cycle of the fungal human pathogens of the Pseudallescheria boydii complex. In the present study, we have analyzed the protein and peptidase profiles in two distinct morphological stages, conidia and mycelia, of Scedosporium apiospermum sensu stricto. Proteins synthesized by the ...

Aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitous airborne fungus, can cause invasive infection in immunocompromised individuals but also triggers allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a subset of otherwise healthy individuals repeatedly exposed to the organism. This study addresses a critical gap in our understanding of the immunoregulation in response to repeated exposure to A. fumigatus ...

Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental fungus that causes life-threatening infections in neutropenic patients. In the absence of intact innate immunity, inhaled A. fumigatus spores (conidia) germinate in the lung, forming hyphae that invade blood vessels and disseminate to other tissues. Although macrophages and neutrophils are postulated to provide defense against invasive ...

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is the cause of charcoal rot of soybean, Glycine max (L.) (Merr.). Soybean resistance to M. phaseolina in commercial cultivars is not common, but is especially needed in locations where the disease is chronic and severe. The objective of this study was to develop...

genotypes would prove stable in the field. Biological control offers a fresh approach. Trichoderma are likely to be very similar and thus susceptible to similar anti-fungal/ biocontrol agents or novel host) Production and germination of conidia of Trichoderma stromaticum, a mycoparasite of Crinipellis perni- ciosa

Sorghum ergot, caused by Claviceps africana Frederickson, Mantle & de Milliano, is a disease that poses a serious treat to sorghum, especially in hybrid seed production. The initial sign of the disease is called a sphacelium. Sphacelia containing macroconidia could play a role in the survival of t...

Aspergillus flavus is a globally distributed fungus. It causes disease in human and crop plants due to the production of numerous conidia dispersed by air movement and possibly by insects. The fungus is an economically important food contaminant because it produces the most potent natural carcinogen...

Differentiation of fungal conidia of phytopathogens into the infection structure, appressorium, requires contact with a hard surface and host signals. The molecular signaling involved in the induction of this differentiation is poorly understood. We report the cloning of a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), CgMEK, from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and its role in ...

ABSTRACT Sustainable biological control of the chestnut blight fungus Crypho-nectria parasitica with hypovirulence depends on the production and dissemination of hypovirus-infected propagules of the pathogen. We investigated the ability of C. parasitica to sporulate and produce hypo-virus-infected spores on recently dead chestnut wood in coppice stands in ...

Allergic asthma is a debilitating disease of the airways characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia with associated mucus hypersecretion,�and airway wall remodelling events, particularly subepithelial fibrosis and smooth muscle cell hyperplasia. Animal models that accurately mimic these hallmarks of allergic airways disease are critical for ...

Interactions between bacteria and fungi cover a wide range of incentives, mechanisms and outcomes. The genus Collimonas consists of soil bacteria that are known for their antifungal activity and ability to grow at the expense of living fungi. In non-contact confrontation assays with the fungus Aspergillus niger, Collimonas fungivorans showed accumulation of biomass concomitant ...

Helminthosporium carbonum race 1 produces large, necrotic lesions on susceptible leaves of maize, whereas race 2 causes small, chlorotic flecks. Resistance to race 1 on susceptible leaves was induced when race 2 was inoculated for at least 10 h prior to a challenge inoculation with the pathogen and was manifest as a decrease in the number of appressoria and reduced penetration by race 1 ...

Starch industry wastewater was investigated to assess and improve its potential as a raw material for the conidia production of biocontrol fungi, Trichoderma viride. The wastewater was tested with and without supplements of glucose, soluble starch, meat peptone and probable conidiation inducer chemicals in shake flask culture. Addition of complex carbon ...

Conidia of Aspergillus niger TMB 2022 were immobilized in calcium alginate for the production of citric acid. A 1-ml condidia suspension containing ca. 2.32 x 10/sup 8/ conidia were entrapped into sodium alginate solution in order to prepare 3% Ca-alginate (w/v) gel bead. Immobilized conidia were inoculated into ...

The fungicidal properties of purified CAY-1, dissolved silver ion and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) separately were studied in vitro as were the abilities of silver and EDTA to enhance CAY-1 fungicidal properties. Non-germinated and germinating conidia of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium verticillioides ...

Transcript patterns elicited in response to hosts can reveal how fungi recognize suitable hosts and the mechanisms involved in pathogenicity. These patterns could be fashioned by recognition of host-specific topographical features or by chemical components displayed or released by the host. We investigated this in three isolates of Isaria fumosoroseus which has shown considerable pathogenic ...

A comparative study of Penicillium simplicissimum morphology and lipase production was performed using solid-state (SSF) and submerged (SmF) fermentation. SSF was carried out on babassu cake as culture medium and SmF on a semi-synthetic medium and a medium based on suspended babassu cake grains. Yield of product on biomass, specific activity and ...

Thermotolerance of entomopathogenic (insect-killing) fungi should be seriously considered before industrialization. This work describes the feasibility of millet grain as a substrate for production of thermotolerant Beauveria bassiana (Bb) GHA and ERL1170 and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) ERL1171 and ERL1540 conidia. First, conidial suspensions of the Bb ...

Hydrophobins are small fungal proteins with amphipatic properties and the ability to self-assemble on a hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface; thus, many technical applications for hydrophobins have been suggested. The pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus expresses the hydrophobins RodA and RodB on the surface of its conidia. RodA is known to be of ...

We have purified a fructosyltransferase from conidia of the inulin-producing fungus Aspergillus sydowi IAM 2544 and obtained peptide sequences from proteolytic fragments of the protein. With degenerated primers, we amplified a PCR fragment that was used to screen a cDNA library. The fructosyltransferase gene from Aspergillus sydowi (EMBL accession no. AJ289046) is expressed in ...

ABSTRACT Alternaria brown spot, caused by Alternaria alternata pv. citri, affects many tangerines and their hybrids, causing loss of immature leaves and fruit and reducing the marketability of the remaining fruit. Conidial production of A. alternata was greatest on mature leaves moistened and maintained at near 100% relative humidity (RH) for 24 h, whereas leaves that had been ...

The separate fungicidal properties of purified CAY-1, dissolved silver, and EDTA were studied, as were the abilities of silver or EDTA to enhance CAY-1 fungicidal properties. Nongerminated and germinating conidia of A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum and F. solani were ...

Seeds of aflatoxin-resistant and aflatoxin susceptible maize lines were inoculated with conidia of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus or A. parasiticus isolates or isogenic non-producing mutants. Conidial yields recovered from resistant maize seed after seven days were significantly lower for af...

The ability of two different flow cytometers, the Microcyte (Optoflow) and the PAS-III (Partec), to differentiate sporangia of the late-blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans from other potential airborne particles was compared. With the PAS-III, light scatter and intrinsic fluorescence parameters could be used to differentiate sporangia from conidia of ...

The ability of two different flow cytometers, the Microcyte (Optoflow) and the PAS-III (Partec), to differentiate sporangia of the late-blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans from other potential airborne particles was compared. With the PAS-III, light scatter and intrinsic fluorescence parameters could be used to differentiate sporangia from conidia of ...

BackgroundInsecticide-resistant mosquitoes are compromising the ability of current mosquito control tools to control malaria vectors. A proposed new approach for mosquito control is to use entomopathogenic fungi. These fungi have been shown to be lethal to both insecticide-susceptible and insecticide-resistant mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. The goal of this study was ...

Botrytis cinerea presents high variability in several biological traits, which can be explained by the high degree of genotypic diversity among isolates. Because this genetic variability might be related to phenotypic differences the requirements for conidia germination of three natural isolates (G1, G5 and G11) obtained from grapes and belonging to the same genetic group were ...

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by different Penicillium and Aspergillus strains isolated from food products. To improve food safety, the presence of patulin-producing molds in foods should be quantified. In the present work, two real-time (RTi) PCR protocols based on SYBR Green and TaqMan were developed. Thirty four patulin producers and 28 non-producers strains belonging to ...

Production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and of the chemotactic chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha by bronchoalveolar macrophages (BAMs) from mice in response to Aspergillus conidia was tested after in vivo administration of saline, dexamethasone, cortisone acetate, ...

In this study, we assessed the stability provided by different formulations to aerial conidia or biomasses (conidia, blastospores, and mycelia) of Beauveria brongniartii and Metarhizium anisopliae subjected to lyophilization. First, the impact of the freezing and drying processes on spore survival was evaluated. Whereas unprotected B. brongniartii spores ...

A laser-based ethylene detector was used for on-line monitoring of ethylene released by the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea in vitro and in tomato fruit. Ethylene data were combined with the results of a cytological analysis of germination of B. cinerea conidia and hyphal growth. We found that aminoethoxyvinylglycine and aminooxyacetic acid, which are competitive ...

This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of temperature and poultry litter on germination vegetative growth virulence and conidial production of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) isolates on larvae and adults of the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) (Panzer). The vegetative growth and conidial ...