In femtosecond laser ablation the plume has two components: a faster-moving plasma part and a slower nanoparticle plume which contains most of the ablated material. This paper describes the results of experiments to comprehensively characterize the plume in laser ablation ...

In femtosecond laser ablation the plume has two components: a faster-moving plasma part and a slower nanoparticle plume which contains most of the ablated material. This paper describes the results of experiments to comprehensively characterize the plume in laser ablation ...

Laser ablation of bulk High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) material promises to provide a useful means of producing high quality HTS thin films. Mass spectrometric probes of the ablation plume provide a microscopic understanding of the ablation event an...

... of Carbon Nanotube Formation in a Laser Produced Plume: An Investigation of the Metal Catalyst by Laser Ablation Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy ...

... of Carbon Nanotube Formation in a Laser Produced Plume: An Investigation of the Metal Catalyst by Laser Ablation Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy ...

... of Carbon Nanotube Formation in a Laser Produced Plume: An Investigation of the Metal Catalyst by Laser Ablation Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy ...

The (0,0) Swan band of the C{sub 2} molecules in a laser ablation plume produced on the surface of graphite target submerged in water was used as a probe to estimate the density of C{sub 2} molecules in the plume. Observed emission spectra were reproduced excellently by introducing a self-absorption parameter to ...

Pulsed laser ablation is a process in which an intense laser pulse interacts with the matter producing plasma. The present work describes the theoretical work being conducted in the past for the pulsed laser ablation phenomenon. It incorporates the theoretical models being proposed by various researchers around the globe for pulsed ...

Copper targets are irradiated in the ablation regime by pairs of equal, time-delayed collinear laser pulses separated on a timescale going from ~2 ps to ~2 ns. The ablation plume is characterized by ion probe diagnostic, fast imaging, and temporally and spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy. The variation in the ...

by Laser Ablation Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Gary De Boer. .... Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy is an extremely sensitive means of ...

The behavior of ablated plumes produced by nanosecond scale multiple laser pulses typical for carbon ablation is studied in order to understand the plume expansion dynamics and shielding effect of plume with special interest to ionization of plumes. The ...

Laser ablation of bulk High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) material promises to provide a useful means of producing high quality HTS thin films. Mass spectrometric probes of the ablation plume provide a microscopic understanding of the ablation event and plume development ...

The dynamic behaviors and optical properties of a ZnO plasma plume produced by pulsed laser ablation using a Nd:YAG laser (wavelength: 532 nm, pulse width: 3 ns) were studied by fast photography using a commercial gated charge coupled device (CCD) camera linked with a delay circuit and by optical emission spectroscopy at various ...

The expansion in vacuum of the plume generated by the UV ablation of a LiYF4 crystal was analysed as a function of several parameters: distance from the target along the plume axis, laser fluency and angular dislocation with respect to the plume axis. The study was carried out by the optical time of flight ...

We consider the applicability of the isentropic, adiabatic gas dynamical model of plume expansion for laser ablation in vacuum. We show that the model can be applied to ionized plumes and estimate the upper electron temperature limit on the applicability of the isentropic approximation. The model predictions are compared with Langmuir ...

A new concept of pulse laser ablation target were proposed. The idea is two-fold; that is, the target material to be ablated is a very thin layer deposited on a surface of some substrate material. As the substrate material, we will choose a transparent material like polymer or glass. Through the transparent material, a pulse laser beam is focused onto the ...

The influence of pulsed laser ablation of an aluminum target on the nitrogen plasma produced by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) microwave discharge has been studied by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) with time and space resolution. The continuous wave (CW) feature of the optical emissions from the ECR nitrogen plasma turns to vary with time and ...

This thesis discusses the following on resonant holographic measurements of laser ablation plume expansion: Introduction to laser ablation; applications of laser ablation; The study of plume expansion; holographic interferometry; resonant holographic inte...

There is provided a method of fuel/oxidizer ignition comprising: (a) application of laser light to a material surface which is absorptive to the laser radiation; (b) heating of the material surface with the laser light to produce a high temperature ablation plume which emanates from the heated surface as an intensely hot cloud of ...

Laser ablation of bulk high-temperature superconductor (HTS) material provides a useful means of producing high-quality HTS thin films. Mass spectrometric probes of the ablation plume provide a microscopic understanding of the ablation event and plume development as well as ...

A cerium oxide sample was ablated by 2nd harmonic radiation of Nd:YAG laser at a power density of 0.1 GW/cm2. Time evolution of the ablation plume was investigated by laser absorption time-of-flight (TOF) measurement. It was found that the ablated ionic plume in vacuum consisted of two ...

We report high-order harmonic generation from doubly charged ions in laser-ablation plasma produced by different prepulse intensities. At the prepulse intensity of 3.5x10{sup 10} W cm{sup -2}, harmonics up to the 63rd order (12.62 nm wavelength, 98.3 eV photon energy) were obtained by using a laser-ablation titanium ...

target during carbon nanotube production by the double-pulse laser oven method. The in- .... 10 Hz high power pulsed Nd:YAG lasers are used for the ablation ...

Numerous atomic analytes in plumes produced by pulsed-laser ablation fluoresced upon ArF laser irradiation. The likely mechanism was photoexcitation to levels near the ionization limit. These levels were dense and were probably broadened by the extreme plume density to allow efficient absorption of 193 nm photons. ...

Using fast imaging and atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that the fraction of nanoparticles in ablation plumes produced by short pulse laser irradiation of metals is strongly altered when a second laser pulse of sufficiently large delay is applied. Comparing the results obtained for gold and copper, it is shown that a significant ...

Laser ablation has proven to be an effective method for generating nanoparticles; particles are produced in the laser induced vapor plume during the cooling stage. To understand the in-situ condensation process, a series of time resolved light scattering images were recorded and analyzed. Significant changes in the condensation rate ...

Time development of Sm+ and Sm ablation plume produced by the femtosecond laser irradiation has been investigated. The two-dimensional spatial profiles of Sm and Sm+ emitted from oxidized and non-oxidized Sm surface were visualized using a planar laser-induced fluorescence method. It was observed that the flow velocity of Sm+ is much ...

Laser ablation particle plume compositions are characterized using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). This study evaluates the mass response characteristics peculiar to ICP/MS detection as a function of laser fluence and frequency. Evaluation of the ICP/MS mass response allows deductions to be made concerning how representative the ...

Expansion of ablation plumes created by intense ultrashort lasers is determined by various complicated physical processes which have very different spatial and time scales. Since complete simulation by one model is practically impossible, the authors suggest using two models describing initial and final stages that can be matched at an intermediate time. ...

We have successfully demonstrated intensity enhancement of a single high-order harmonic at a wavelength of 46.76 nm by using low-ionized tin ions in a laser-ablation plume as the nonlinear medium. The ablation plume was produced by irradiating a solid tin target with a 10 mJ energy picosecond ...

We have successfully demonstrated intensity enhancement of a single high-order harmonic at a wavelength of 46.76 nm by using low-ionized tin ions in a laser-ablation plume as the nonlinear medium. The ablation plume was produced by irradiating a solid tin target with a 10 mJ energy picosecond ...

Laser ablation particle plume compositions are characterized using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). This study evaluates the mass response characteristics peculiar to ICP/MS detection as a function of laser fluence and frequency. Evaluation of the ICP/MS mass response allows deductions to be made concerning how representative the ...

We have studied ultrafast laser ablation of nickel using a pair of identical ~250 fs 527 nm laser pulses separated by ~1 to ~1000 ps. Scanning white light interferometry was used to measure the ablated volume, and an ion probe was used to measure the angular distribution of the ablation plasma plume and the total ...

A comparative experimental study of pulsed laser ablation in vacuum of two binary semiconductors, zinc oxide and indium phosphide, has been performed using IR- and visible laser pulses with particular attention to cluster generation. Neutral and cationic Zn{sub n}O{sub m} and In{sub n}P{sub m} particles of various stoichiometry have been produced and ...

Silver and gold thin films were deposited by pulsed laser ablation in a controlled Ar atmosphere at pressures between 10 and 100 Pa. Different morphologies, ranging from isolated nanoparticle arrays up to nanostructured thin films were observed. Fast imaging of the plasma allowed deducing the expansion dynamics of the ablated plume. ...

Silver and gold thin films were deposited by pulsed laser ablation in a controlled Ar atmosphere at pressures between 10 and 100 Pa. Different morphologies, ranging from isolated nanoparticle arrays up to nanostructured thin films were observed. Fast imaging of the plasma allowed deducing the expansion dynamics of the ablated plume. ...

... Characterization of vapour plume species and deposition residues resulting from pulsed laser ablation of a ... ablation of a graphite/epoxy composite ...

... Pyrolysis gas pressure inside the TPS of Formfted: Endnote Reference Pioneer ... ablation. eleted:__ J_Formatted: Endnote Reference ...

Jan 6, 2000 ... the plume of a graphite composite target during carbon nano- tube production by the ... veloped the laser ablation method [11, 12] which yielded high purity SWNTs using a ... Two 10-Hz high-power pulsed Nd:YAG lasers are ...

Detection of nickel atom by laser induced fluorescence during carbon nanotube formation in a laser of catalyst nickel atoms by laser induced fluorescence during carbon nanotube formation in a laser that ablation of nickel and plume dynamics are strongly related to the oven temperature. Nickel atoms have

Optical absorption in the plume produced by excimer laser ablation of Y(sub 1)Ba(sub 2)Cu(sub 3)O(sub 7-x) under film growth conditions has been observed for the first time and used to characterize the transport of ground state Y, Ba, and Cu neutrals as w...

parameters of nanosecond laser produced ablation plumes from metal targets.4-6 More recently they have also. The laser spot on the target had an area 2*10-5 cm2 and was slightly elliptical (b/a = 1.4) with the minor. The contaminant peak is prominent for the 1st laser shot on an untreated area of the target surface. It is less

We investigate electron-phonon coupling in metals by analyzing the composition of plumes produced by laser ablation with two delayed short laser pulses. Samples of Ti, Zr, and Hf are chosen since they have similar thermo-physical properties but significant different atomic masses. It is shown that the atomic emission intensity ...

Laser ablation plasma plume expanding into the ambient atmosphere may be an efficient way to produce nanoparticles. From that reason it would be interesting to study the properties of these laser induced plasmas formed under conditions that are known to be favorable for nanoparticles production. In general, plume ...

There is provided a method of fuel/oxidizer ignition comprising: (a) application of laser light to a material surface which is absorptive to the laser radiation; (b) heating of the material surface with the laser light to produce a high temperature ablation plume which emanates from the heated surface as an intensely hot cloud of ...

The expansion of a plasma plume in a background gas is a key problem for film deposition and laser ablation studies. Combined diagnostic measurements of deposition rates and ion time-of-flight (TOF) signals have been used to study the dynamics of a laser ablation plume in an oxygen gas. This study is similar to our ...

Resonant holographic interferometry (RHI) and dye-laser resonance absorption photography (DLRAP) have been utilized to investigate the expansion of the laser ablation plumes produced by a KrF excimer laser beam (248 nm) focused onto an aluminum target (approximately equals 0.1 cm(exp 2), 2-6 J/cm(exp 2)). Plume ...

The dynamics of the interaction between two plasmas induced by cross-beam pulsed-laser ablation was analyzed by time resolved optical emission spectroscopy and fast photography. The plasmas were created in vacuum by irradiating two perpendicular graphite targets with an excimer (248 nm) and a Nd:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (1064 nm) laser. In this configuration, a laser is focused ...

The dynamics of the interaction between two plasmas induced by cross-beam pulsed-laser ablation was analyzed by time resolved optical emission spectroscopy and fast photography. The plasmas were created in vacuum by irradiating two perpendicular graphite targets with an excimer (248 nm) and a Nd:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (1064 nm) laser. In this configuration, a laser is focused ...

Barium and barium oxide targets were irradiated at 248 nm with fluences ranging from 300 - 600 mJ/cm^2 in vacuum and 25 mTorr atmospheres of O_2, N_2, microwave discharged O_2. Time-integrated optical emission from the resulting plume was examined and compared to determine the fate of the Ba^+ ions produced as a result of the ablation ...

The formation of high-quality thin films of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is important in many applications ranging from material reinforcement to molecular electronics. Laser ablation, a technique widely used to deposit a variety of inorganic materials, can also be used as a simple and highly versatile method for forming thin polymer films. The data presented show that PTFE ...

In this work we report on the properties of the ablation plume and the characteristics of the films produced by ultra-fast pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of TiO2 in vacuum. Ablation was induced by using pulses with a duration of ?300 fs at 527 nm. We discuss both the composition and the expansion dynamics of the ...

Resonant holographic interferometry and dye-laser-resonance-absorption photography have been utilized to investigate the expansion of the laser ablation plumes produced by a KrF excimer laser beam (248 nm) focused onto an aluminum target (about = 0.1 sq cm, 2 - 6 J/sq cm). Plume expansion was studied in vacuum and ...

Experiments were performed to understand laser-induced back-ablation of Al film targets with picosecond laser pulses. Al films deposited on the back surface of BK-7 substrates are ablated by picosecond laser pulses propagating into the Al film through the substrate. The ablated Al plume is transversely probed by a ...

We demonstrate that the average size and the size distribution of nanoparticles produced by ultrashort laser ablation in vacuum can be modified by irradiation of the nanoparticles' plume during its vacuum expansion with a nanosecond, UV laser pulse. The experimental results are interpreted by means of a simple analytical model of the ...

Lasers represent an efficient and versatile tool to produce and to arrange in organized dispositions nanometer-sized particles, obtaining extended nanostructures with increasing degrees of complexity. In the first part of the chapter, the basic mechanisms of nanoparticle formation for nanosecond laser ablation in an ambient gas atmosphere and femtosecond ...

The dynamics of the plume ejected from the surface of solid targets (YSZ, Nd:YAG and graphite) by a CO2 laser pulse with a duration of ~500 ?s (at the 0.03 level), energy of 1.0-1.3 J and peak power of 6-7 kW have been studied using high-speed photography of the plume luminescence and shadow. The targets were used to produce ...

In an ongoing effort to investigate plasma plume features yielding high quality diamond-like carbon films, we have applied plasma plume diagnosis and film characterization to examine plume character distinction from KrF laser ablation of both amorphous carbon (a-C) and single crystal graphite (SCG) targets. The ...

Room-temperature ablation of a composite graphite-metal target, at 248 nm, in O2, produces large-channeled (50 - 150 nm) multiwalled carbon nanotubes. We find that the formation of these carbon nanotubes is dependent on the ambient gas employed during ablation. Such structures are not produced in inert atmospheres ...

The formation, composition and propagation of pulsed laser produced plasma plumes from an AlN target have been studied in real time by spatially and temporally resolved optical spectroscopy. The mean front velocity has been measured and appears to be slightly slower in the presence of added gas than in vacuum. In the initial stage of expansion, this ...

This study was undertaken to evaluate potential inhalation hazards to operating room personnel after irradiation of tumors with the carbon dioxide laser. Cellular debris was analyzed for viability using labeled nucleotides and labeled glucose. In this way the plume was investigated for the presence of material with oncogenic potential. Most surgeons who have ...

The evolution features of lithium ions and neutrals generated by two different schemes viz. the laser-blow-off (LBO) of multicomponent LiF-C thin film and conventional laser ablation (referred here as LPP) from solid lithium have been studied using optical emission spectroscopic technique. The optical signal emitted by Li I (at 670.8 nm) and Li II (548.4 nm) was monitored as a ...

Neutral and cationic Zn n O m clusters of various stoichiometry have been produced by nanosecond laser ablation of ZnO in vacuum and investigated by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Particular attention was paid to the effect of laser wavelength (in the range from near-IR to UV) on cluster composition. Under 193-nm laser ablation, ...

Lasers are finding expanding applications in the field of dentistry. Cutting in soft tissue, hard dental material ablation, caries removal, and root canal therapy are only a few examples of dental laser uses. In this article, the application of short pulse ArF excimer laser to ablation of dentin and enamel is investigated. In particular, the effect of ...

... Abstract : Predictions of the plume radiance and radiant intensity in the infrared were made for the plumes produced by Athena H second and third ...

... Abstract : An approach to modeling a rocket's plume effects based ... designs model nozzles that produce geometrically simular plumes with simular ...

The formation of nanoparticles in a plasma produced by the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with gold has been investigated. Three different experimental techniques were employed. (i) The plume expansion was characterized using fast imaging with the aid of an intensified charge-coupled device. (ii) The plasma composition was analyzed using time- and ...

The formation of nanoparticles in a plasma produced by the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with gold has been investigated. Three different experimental techniques were employed. (i) The plume expansion was characterized using fast imaging with the aid of an intensified charge-coupled device. (ii) The plasma composition was analyzed using time- and ...

Combined laser ablation and pulse modulated radio-frequency (RF) discharge for deposition of CNalpha films was studied by the use of optical emission spectroscopy. Chemically active nitrogen was produced by RF discharge, concentrated between two small electrodes. Influence of RF power, nitrogen pressure, modulation frequency and pulse rate on nitrogen ...

An Allegretto Eye-Q laser platform (Wavelight GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) was used to study the effect of air-flow speed on the ablation of artificial polymer corneas used for testing refractive surgery patterns. Flat samples of two materials (PMMA and Filofocon A) were ablated at four different air flow conditions. The shape and profile of the ...

... Accession Number : ADD411034. Title : Heat transfer and ablation rate measurement in saturn s-11 ullage motor exhaust plume. ...

... PULSED LASER ABLATION OF A GRAPHITE/ EPOXY COMPOSITE ... Graphite/Epoxy Composite, Laser Ablation, Laser Shock, Time-of-Flight 30 ...

This paper mainly concerns on nanosecond and femtosecond laser spectroscopy of aromatic organic compounds as neurotransmitters, and plume diagnostics of the ablated species, in order to characterize the plasma dynamics, i.e. the temporal and spatial evolution of the plume. Optical emission spectroscopy has been applied to characterize ...

Laser materials processing has been used in the industry for drilling, cutting, welding, scribing, and etc. In most of the scientific papers, the authors assume that the laser energy imparted to the material is transformed into heat. This induces phase transformation as melting, fusion, sublimation, or vaporization. It is known that the atoms and ions are produced in high ...

Carbon nanotubes, elongated molecular tubes with diameters of nanometers and lengths in microns, hold great promise for material science. Hopes for super strong light-weight material to be used in spacecraft design is the driving force behind nanotube wor...

A growth of fractal aggregates in laser plasma with a dispersion phase is discussed. The molecular compositions of saturated vapours produced by the effusion Knudsen method and by laser ablation are compared. A considerable attention is given to gas-like clusters. The formation of macroscopic structures during relaxation of the laser plasma and the role of ...

... Title : Experimental Scaling Laws for Mass-Ablation Rate, Ablation Pressure in Planar Laser-Produced Plasmas With Laser Intensity, Laser ...

A theoretical study of cluster formation in the plume produced by nanosecond laser pulses of moderate intensity in vacuum is undertaken on the basis of the Smoluchowski rate equations. Dynamics of the laser-induced plume expansion is described in a spherical approximation, taking into account ionization/recombination kinetics, the heat ...

Experimental evidence of the appearance of a proper periodic dynamics in a plasma plume created by pulsed laser ablation is considered as a hint for the presence of a self-organization scenario that explains similar phenomena observed in plasma diodes.

The transport dynamics of laser-ablated neutral/plasma plumes are of significant interest for film growth by pulsed-laser deposition of materials since the magnitude and kinetic energy of the species arriving at the deposition substrate are key processing...

The excimer laser ablation of neodymium (Nd) doped glass and Nd doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystals has been performed using 193 and 248 nm radiation. Etch rate versus fluence (energy per unit area) plots show that the ablation thresholds are in the range 0.5 1.6 J/cm2. The effective absorption coefficients thus measured were found to be of the ...

This thesis discusses the following on resonant holographic measurements of laser ablation plume expansion: Introduction to laser ablation; applications of laser ablation; The study of plume expansion; holographic interferometry; resonant holographic interferometry; accounting for finite laser ...

Characterization of the plasma plume produced by laser ablation from Al and Al2O3 targets was carried out on the basis of the line profile analysis of Al(I) (2P�-2S) emission. The spatial distribution and density parameters of electrons and Al atoms in the plume were obtained by comparing observed spectral line ...

... HEATING, GLASS FIBERS, HIGH ALTITUDE, PLUMES, LAUNCHERS, CONVECTION(HEAT TRANSFER), NUMBERS, ALTITUDE, AREA ...

... Descriptors : *MATHEMATICAL MODELS, SIMULATION, ABLATION, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, FILMS, PULSED LASERS, DEPOSITION, PLUMES ...

A lateral shearing interferometer has been set up and coupled to an S-20 optical streak camera to obtain time resolved spatial electron density profiles of laser produced plasmas in a single shot. The electron density profiles are recorded with a temporal resolution of 70 ps for a continuous time duration of 15 ns. Performance of the system is demonstrated by recording ...

The structure and expansion characteristics of the plasma plume produced by laser ablation of a bulk tin target in vacuum have been investigated. A Q-switched Nd: YAG laser with 1064 nm wavelength, 5 ns pulse width, and the order of 10^11 W/cm^2 power density was employed to create ablation plasma. Time-of-flight ...

A laser ablation apparatus having a laser source outputting a laser ablation beam includes an ablation chamber having a sidewall, a beam divider for dividing the laser ablation beam into two substantially equal halves, and a pair of mirrors for converging the two halves on a surface of the target from complementary ...

A laser ablation apparatus having a laser source outputting a laser ablation beam includes an ablation chamber having a sidewall, a beam divider for dividing the laser ablation beam into two substantially equal halves, and a pair of mirrors for converging the two halves on a surface of the target from complementary ...

Multiscale computational approach that combines different methods to study laser ablation phenomenon is presented. The methods include the molecular dynamics (MD) breathing sphere model for simulation of the initial stage of laser ablation, a combined MD - finite element method (FEM) approach for simulation of propagation of the laser-induced pressure ...

An annealing model is extended to treat the vaporization process, and a hydrodynamic model describes the ablated material. We find that dynamic source and ionization effects accelerate the expansion front of the ablated plume with thermal vaporization tem...

Jun 10, 2011 ... On Earth, such plumes produce the volcanism observed in places such ... On Venus , similar mantle plumes are thought to produce features such ...

... of centerline-mounted engines acted to produce plume momentum persistence ... mount!i engines produced discrete plumes having development ...

We describe experiments on both resonant and non-resonant infrared pulsed laser of polystyrene across time scales varying from microseconds to picoseconds for the purpose of determining the ways in which the rate of energy deposition changes the response of both the ablated material and the residual substrate. RIR-PLD has been shown to be a relatively low-temperature process ...

The method of time-resolved emission spectroscopy was used to investigate the radiation emitted by a carbon plasma plume formed as a result of vacuum ablation of graphite by pulsed CO{sub 2} laser radiation. The spectrum of the radiation changed drastically in the course of emission from the plasma. The spectrum revealed successive appearance of various ...

The first reported planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) images depicting the relative ground-state, neutral density of Si within a pulsed laser ablation (PLA) plume as it expands into vacuum and 10 mTorr Ar are presented. Several images acquired with the laser detuned incrementally must be superimposed to produce images which ...

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to map the distribution of particulate matter inside the plume created by laser ablation of a brass target. The spatial density distribution of the different components of the plume was determined in an attempt to reveal the mechanism of fractionation in the process of the laser ...

We have developed an extreme sensitive trace element detection technique that has been labeled Laser ablation atomic fluorescence (LAAF) spectroscopy, and applied to a nanometer-scale solid surface analysis. The absolute weight of the detection limit of 870 ag (10-18g) and high depth resolution of 3.6 nm had been demonstrated in trace sodium detection of ...

The laser-induced photodecomposition and graphitization of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons is investigated by irradiating solid pollutant samples with an Nd-YAG laser, leaving a carbon-rich, black powder. The irradiation of anthracene and benzopyrene forms the ions Cn(+)-, CnH(+)-, and CnH2(+)- in a wide plume produced by a pulsed-CO2 laser. The tendency ...

During the relaxation of the plasma plume generated by laser ablation of an aluminum target, a pronounced intensity enhancement is observed at the central wavelength of the 396.15 nm self-reversed resonant line. This spectral special feature is analyzed and related to the interaction of the plasma edge with the background air excited by the shockwave, ...

The expansion of plasma plume produced by a laser ablation is investigated using the self-similar approach. Based on the fluid model and the quasi-neutral assumption, the one dimensional expansion of an either vapor or partially ionized gas is studied for a collisionless plasma in the presence of electrons in thermal equilibrium. The ...

The deposition of carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-onions at room temperature using excimer laser radiation to ablate mixed graphite metal targets is described. Our deposition conditions are in contrast to other investigations on the pulsed laser deposition of carbon nanotubes that have employed high temperatures and high pressures. We find that the formation of these carbon ...

The 355 nm laser pulse from THG (Third Harmonic Generation) of a Qswitched Nd3+ : YAG laser was used to ablate silicon mounted in air. The time-and space-resolved optical emission spectra were measured for different pulse energy in the wavelength range of 380-420 nm, the emission spectra of N+ was found for impact ionization of air near target surface on the early stage of ...

The paper describes thin films deposited in a system where substrates are scanned over areas up to 3.5 x 3.5 cm through the stationary plume of an ablated material defined by an aperture. These YBCO films are deposited on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 substrates with the thickness of 90 and 160 nm. Attention is focused on the main features of the deposition system: ...

This work focuses on the study of the plumes obtained in the double pulse orthogonal Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in the pre-ablation configuration using both spectroscopic and shadowgraphic approaches. Single and double pulse LIBS experiments were carried out on a brass sample in air. Both the distance of the air plasma from the target ...

For remote isotope analysis of low-decontaminated trans-uranium (TRU) fuel, absorption spectroscopy has been applied to a laser-ablated plume of lanthanide elements. To improve isotopic selectivity and detection sensitivity of the ablated species, various experimental conditions were optimized. Isotope-selective absorption spectra were ...

For remote isotope analysis of low-decontaminated trans-uranium (TRU) fuel, absorption spectroscopy has been applied to a laser-ablated plume of lanthanide elements. To improve isotopic selectivity and detection sensitivity of the ablated species, various experimental conditions were optimized. Isotope-selective absorption spectra were ...

Thin films of La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 were grown by pulsed laser ablation with nanosecond and femtosecond pulses. The films deposited with femtosecond pulses (248 nm, 500 fs pulse duration) exhibit a higher surface roughness and deficiency in the cobalt content compared to the films deposited with nanosecond pulses (248 nm, 20 ns pulse duration). The origin of these pronounced ...

We report time-resolved imaging of a laser-ablated carbon plasma plume to investigate the expansion dynamics of C2 and CN in an ambient atmosphere of nitrogen gas at various pressures. An attempt is made to locate C2 and CN species in the carbon plasma plume and correlate them with the results of spectroscopic observations. The ...

The properties of thin films of complex oxides, such as La1-xDxMnO3-? (D=Ba, Ca, Sr, etc.), produced by pulsed laser deposition depend critically on the experimental parameters in which laser ablation is carried out. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the pulsed laser ablation process of La0.7Ba0.3MnO3-?, in oxygen background, ...

We report evidence of nanoparticles formation in laser ablated carbon plasma created by irradiating a graphite target with nanosecond neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser. The temporal evolution and spatial distribution of C{sub 2} molecules in the plasma is studied using optical emission spectroscopy, dynamic imaging and laser induced fluorescence techniques. The ...

The structure and evolution of the laser-induced vapor plume and shockwave were measured from femtosecond time resolved shadowgraph images. By changing the wavelength of the probe beam (400 and 800 nm), differences in the opacity of the vapor plume were measured as a function of delay time from the ablation laser pulse. The evolution ...

A comparative study of ablation plasma plumes originated from single crystal graphite (SCG) and amorphous carbon (a-C) targets during the preparation of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films by KrF excimer pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has been carried out by means of a monochromator equipped with an intensified optical multichannel analyzer. In high vacuum, the ...

Free-running Er:YAG lasers are used for precise tissue ablation in various clinical applications. The ablated material is ejected into the direction perpendicular to the tissue surface. We investigated the influence of shielding by the ablation plume on the energy deposition into an irradiated sample because it ...

Because of concerns about potential hazards to surgical personnel of the plume associated with laser refractive surgery, this study was performed to characterize the composition of such plumes. Filter elements were removed from the smoke evacuator of a VISX S3 excimer laser (filter pore size ~0.3 microns) and from a Mastel Clean Room ( filter pore size ...

Analysis of biochemicals in single cells is important for understanding cell metabolism, cell cycle, adaptation, disease states, etc. Even the same cell types exhibit heterogeneous biochemical makeup depending on their physiological conditions and interactions with the environment. Conventional methods of mass spectrometry (MS) used for the analysis of biomolecules in single cells rely on ...

of buoyancy is supplied at a localized source. We studied laminar plumes where buoyancy is supplied reaction produces a sharp propagating front at which buoyancy is produced by exothermicity and composi buoyant fluid is incorporated into the plumes, entrainment in autocatalytic plumes provides ...

We report on investigations of plasmas produced by laser ablation of fresh potatoes using infrared nanosecond laser radiation. A twin laser system consisting of two Nd:YAG oscillators was used to generate single or double pulses of adjustable interpulse delay. The potatoes were irradiated under ambient air with moderate pulse energies of about 10 mJ. The ...

The time span of plume dynamics in laser ablation of carbon ranges from nanoseconds to milliseconds. Multi-time step approach is developed to study the plume dynamics over this entire range with minimum requirements of numerical computational resources. This approach is applied to study one of the important aspects of nanosecond-scale ...

Co67Cr7Fe4Si8B14 magnetic alloy and Cd25Mn25Te50 semimagnetic semiconductor targets were ablated in vacuum with a XeCl excimer laser at different fluences. The ejected material was collected onto unheated silicon substrates at different angles with respect to the target normal. Compositional investigations were performed on the deposited films. In addition, during ...

We report the results of growing nanostructures of gallium oxide and indium oxide by two methods. In the first one we applied laser ablation in air of pure graphite rod filled with Gallium or Indium metals. The ablated plume then deposited on SS substrates in air. In the second method the oxides were synthesized by thermal heating of ...

Gated photon counting spectroscopy and species-resolved ICCD photography were used to study the weak plasma luminescence following the propagation of the initial ablation plume in vacuum and during the rebound of the plume with a substrate during pulsed l...

An annealing model is extended to treat the vaporization process, and a hydrodynamic model describes the ablated material. We find that dynamic source and ionization effects accelerate the expansion front of the ablated plume with thermal vaporization temperature. The vaporization process and plume propagation in ...

Emission from YBCO laser-ablated plumes was studied to characterize the PLD process. A KrF laser was used to ablate a bulk YBCO target at oxygen pressures ranging from 50-400 mTorr. Spectra were collected for the 500-860 nm bandpass at target distances ra...

Tin doped indium oxide (ITO) is a n-type highly degenerate, wide band-gap semiconductor that is extensively used for many engineering applications. Pulsed laser ablation of indium tin oxide in the nano and femtosecond regime has been performed in our laboratory. Plume diagnostics has been carried out by means of a fast Intensified Coupled Charge Device ...

The dynamics of a conducting laser ablated carbon plume flow in the ablation furnace typical for nanoparticle synthesis is investigated by numerical modeling. The effect of magnetic field on the flow is accounted through the Lorentz body force. The study begins with benchmark calculations of two simple test cases, the Kelvin-Helmholtz ...

Hook spectroscopy has been used to determine the absolute number density of ground state copper atoms in laser-ablated plasma plumes. An ablation laser power flux of {approximately} 1.5 GW/cm{sup 2} is applied to a solid copper target in a background gas, producing a plasma plume suitable for ...

We discuss the ablation of aluminum plasma using picosecond pulsed laser in vacuum and in ambient atmosphere of nitrogen. The plume dynamics of picosecond and nanosecond laser-ablated plumes in ambient atmosphere is discussed. The degree of polarization is measured using optical emission spectroscopy for the Al III ...

Disturbances in the Earths�s ionosphere and magnetosphere caused by impacts of small comets and asteroids (with diameters from 50 60 m to 1 2 km) are analyzed. Two-dimensional hydrodynamical computations of the passage of a cosmic body through the atmosphere with allowance for deceleration and destruction due to aerodynamic loading and formation of the wake behind the body are performed. The ...

Laser ablation particle plume compositions are characterized using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). This study evaluates the mass response characteristics peculiar to ICP/MS detection as a function of laser fluence and frequency. Eva...

Page 1. Electronic State Distributions of Y Ba2Cu3O7�x Laser Ablated Plumes DISSERTATION Patrick D. Kee, Lieutenant Colonel, USAF ...

This paper presents an updated review of studies on Ablative Laser Propulsion conducted by the Laser Propulsion Group (LPG) at the University of Alabama in Huntsville. In particular, we describe the experimental technique developed for determination of specific impulses from plasma plume imaging with an intensified CCD camera.

The physical mechanisms that enable short pulses of high-intensity ultraviolet laser radiation to remove tissue, in a process known as laser ablation, remain obscure. The thermodynamic response of biological tissue to pulsed laser irradiation was investigated by measuring and subsequently analyzing the stress transients generated by pulsed argon fluorine (ArF, lambda = 193 nm) ...

Various physics and computational approaches have been developed to globally characterize phenomena important for film growth by pulsed-laser deposition of materials. These include thermal models of laser-solid target interactions that initiate the vapor plume, plume ionization and heating through laser absorption beyond local thermodynamic equilibrium ...

and hydrothermal or impact events. .... angle optical measurement will determine total turbidity. Climate history ... to minimize plume induced surface ablation. ...

... Themicro-laser plasma thruster (uLPT) discussed here ... by focusing the laser through a ... ION DENSITY, *DIODE LASERS, VELOCITY, ABLATION ...

Measurements of the angle-dependent ablation rates of polymers that have applications in microdevice fabrication are reported. A simple model based on Beer's law, including plume absorption, is shown to give good agreement with the experimental findings for polycarbonate and SU8, ablated using the 193 and 248 nm excimer ...

Measurements of the angle-dependent ablation rates of polymers that have applications in microdevice fabrication are reported. A simple model based on Beer's law, including plume absorption, is shown to give good agreement with the experimental findings for polycarbonate and SU8, ablated using the 193 and 248 nm excimer lasers, ...

Several physics and computational approaches have been developed to globally characterize phenomena important for film growth by pulsed laser deposition of materials. These include thermal models of laser-solid target interactions that initiate the vapor plume; plume ionization and heating through laser absorption beyond local thermodynamic equilibrium ...

This letter describes the coupling of ambient pressure transmission geometry laser ablation with a liquid phase sample collection method for surface sampling and ionization with subsequent mass spectral analysis. A commercially available autosampler was adapted to produce a liquid droplet at the end of the syringe injection needle while in close proximity ...

A time resolved imaging study of pulsed laser ablated Fe and Al plasma plumes with specific interest in the splitting of plumes into the slow and fast moving components as they expand through the background argon gas at different pressures is reported. The material ablation was achieved using a Q-switched Nd:YAG ...

To study the phase transformation mechanism and gas dynamic process for the laser-ablated plume, direct and indirect evidences of potential laser ablation mechanisms were sought experimentally and analytically. Two phase transformation mechanisms, normal vaporization and phase explosion, were introduced as the laser ...

... Single- and Double-Pulse Laser Ablation ... Optical emission characteristics of carbon plasma produced by single- and double-pulse laser ablation ...

Free running Er:YAG lasers are used for a precise tissue ablation in various clinical application as, for example, laser skin resurfacing. The ablated material is ejected from the tissue surface in the direction of the incident laser beam. We investigated the influence of the shielding by the ablation plume on the ...

Spatially resolved optical emission analysis was carried out for the plasma plume, produced by high-power tunable IR CO2 pulsed laser ablation of graphite, at ?=9.621 ?m and with laser fluence of 342 J cm-2. Wavelength-dispersed spectra of the plume, at medium vacuum conditions ( P air=4 Pa) and concentrated close ...

We report on the deposition of carbon nanotubes and nano-onions at room temperature using excimer laser radiation at 248 nm to ablate mixed graphite-nickel/cobalt targets in the presence of O2 gas. The carbon nanotubes are frequently seen to connect individual onions and have a wall thickness on the order of 20-25 nm, with an overall external tube diameter of 100-200 nm. These ...

Ablation of molecular solids with pulsed ultraviolet lasers at atmospheric pressure is an important process in (bio-)organic mass spectrometry. Of practical importance for analytical sampling and analysis are the plume formation and expansion. Plumes formed by atmospheric-pressure laser ablation of anthracene and ...

Formation of carbon nanoclusters in a single-laser-pulse created ablation plume was studied both in vacuum and in a noble gas environment at various pressures. The developed theory provides cluster radius dependence on combination of laser parameters, properties of ablated material, and type and pressure of an ambient gas in agreement ...

Presented here is a novel ambient ion source termed infrared laser ablation metastable-induced chemical ionization (IR-LAMICI). IR-LAMICI integrates IR laser ablation and direct analysis in real time (DART)-type metastable-induced chemical ionization for open air mass spectrometry (MS) ionization. The ion generation in the IR-LAMICI source is a two step ...

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were produced using a novel pulsed laser ablation apparatus comprising in-situ analysis of the plume by reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Various morphologies of nano and microstructures were obtained for laser wavelengths of 1064 and 355nm, and oxygen ambient pressures of 10(-6) and ...

The formation, composition, and propagation of KrF laser-produced plasmas from Y{sub 1}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x} have been studied with emphasis on topics relevant to film growth by pulsed-laser deposition. Spatially and temporally resolved, high-resolution optical absorption and emission spectroscopy, fast ion probes, and fast photography (obtained with a gated, ...

We are investigating the thermodynamic conditions under which condensation occurs in laser-ablated copper plasma plumes. The plasma is created by XeCl excimer laser ablation (308 nm, 350 mJ/pulse) at power densities from 500--1000 MW/cm{sup 2}. The atomic vapor expands rapidly into backing pressures of helium ranging from 0--50 torr. ...

Combined diagnostic measurements are employed to characterize the penetration of energetic ablation plumes through background gases during a key transitional regime in which the ion flux is observed to split into distinct fast and slowed components. This ...

The 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry recognized the importance and growing maturity of the femtosecond time-scale in science and engineering. Understanding the interaction between materials and high energy density light to manufacture and process materials has become a key issue in both programmatic and fundamental research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. We have emphasized in this ...

We study the temperature evolution of aluminum nanoparticles generated by femtosecond laser ablation with spatiotemporally resolved x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. We successfully identify the nanoparticles based on the L-edge absorption fine structure of the ablation plume in combination with the dependence of the edge ...

Experimental and theoretical studies on laser ablation of polymers (PMMA, polyimide) have been performed in a wide range of CO2-laser fluences. Evolution of polymer laser plume in air has been investigated with simultaneous registration of radiation spectra of the ablation products, spatial dynamics of plasma flare, and temporal ...

Generation and expansion dynamics of aluminum laser plasma plumes generated between parallel plates of varying separation (?Z = 2.0, 3.2, 4.0, and 5.6 mm), which confined plume expansion normal to the ablation surface, were diagnosed. Space and time resolved visible emission spectroscopy in the spectral range ? = 355-470 nm and time ...

We present comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) ablation by single pulses of 9.17 �m laser radiation in a wide range of fluences. Ablation was carried out in a quartz cell through which nitrogen under atmospheric pressure was pumped. The composition of the ablation products was ...

The transport dynamics of laser-ablated neutral/plasma plumes are of significant interest for film growth by pulsed-laser deposition of materials since the magnitude and kinetic energy of the species arriving at the deposition substrate are key processing parameters. Dynamical calculations of plume propagation in vacuum and in ...

Determination of the rates of laser ablation (etching) of various materials by powerful (up to 1014 W cm-2) pulsed radiation revealed a considerable reduction in the etching efficiency during shaping of deep ablation channels. The optical characteristics of the resultant plasma � vapour plume were measured. These measurements and ...

Femtosecond laser ablation and plume evolution of aluminum is investigated for various inhomogeneous laser pulses. For the simulations of the atoms the molecular dynamics code IMD is used. The ablated gas-phase is scanned by a cluster algorithm (DBSCAN), from which we gain a cluster size distribution of the ablated ...

This project involved a systematic study to apply newly discovered isotopic enrichment effects in laser ablation plumes to the fabrication of isotopically engineered thin films, superlattices, and nanostructures. The approach to this program involved using ultrafast lasers as a method for generating ablated plasmas that have ...

This paper reports ablation experiments on porcine corneal tissue using the Vanderbilt Mark III Free Electron Laser (FEL) and a tabletop Raman-shifted Alexandrite laser. These experiments were designed to test previous models that suggested wavelength and intensity dependent ablation mechanisms. In one test, we compare ablation ...

The ablation by ultrashort laser pulses at relatively low fluences (i.e., in the thermal regime) of solids wetted by a thin liquid film is studied using a generic numerical model. In comparison with dry targets, the liquid is found to significantly affect ablation by confining the solid and slowing down the expansion of the laser-heated material. These ...

Ablation of gold nanoparticle films on polymer was explored using a nanosecond pulsed laser, with the goal to achieve feature size reduction and functionality not amenable with inkjet printing. The ablation threshold fluence for the unsintered nanoparticle deposit was at least ten times lower than the reported threshold for the bulk film. This could be ...

ablation and the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method for simulation of the multi-component ablation description, direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) [18], is chosen for extending the MD breathing sphere model into the larger scale. In order to adopt the results of MD simulation as input for the DSMC calculation, we have

The propagation of laser-induced shockwaves from ablation inside of cavities was determined from time-resolved shadowgraph images. The temperature and electron number density of the laser-induced plasma was determined from spectroscopic measurements. These properties were compared to those for laser ablation on the flat surface under the same energy and ...

Hook spectroscopy has been used to determine the absolute number density of ground state copper atoms in laser-ablated plasma plumes. An ablation laser power flux of (approximately) 1.5 GW/cm(sup 2) is applied to a solid copper target in a background gas,...

The effect of ambient gas on the expansion dynamics of the plasma plume generated by excimer laser ablation of a LaMnO{sub 3} target is investigated by using fast photography. The plume propagation in an oxygen environment is examined with pressure ranging from vacuum to a few millibars. Imaging analysis performed over a complete set ...

The effect of ambient gas on the expansion dynamics of the plasma plume generated by excimer laser ablation of a LaMnO3 target is investigated by using fast photography. The plume propagation in an oxygen environment is examined with pressure ranging from vacuum to a few millibars. Imaging analysis performed over a complete set of ...

A study was made of the cooling of the laser induced vapor plume in background air. The temperature and size variations of the vapor plume were determined from spectroscopic measurements during the first few tens of microseconds after the laser pulse. Experiments were carried out over a range of laser spot sizes and energies. The energy transport by ...

Sep 6, 2006 ... The collapse of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, and the fires that followed produced a noxious smoke plume, a complex mixture ...

Apr 15, 1998 ... Twin jet plumes on aircraft can couple, producing higher dynamic pressures in the internozzle region, which in turn can cause sonic fatigue ...

... expressions are presented defining the visible contrast of a rocket plume against the sky produced by scattering of sunlight and sky light by primary ...

... experimentation. Aircraft plumes were photographed using the smoke-producing F-102 drones, and Thunderbird T-38 aircraft. ...

the exhaust plume produces on the flow over adjacent vehicle surfaces, that ... pressure or the plume-induced separation problem negates a completely ...

overexposed in this image to bring out details on the nightside and in any volcanic plumes that might be present. Io cooperated by producing an enormous plume, 330 kilometers...

... contained in B. brunnea. In case of surgical ablation of the sexualized worms, the fragments with sexual ... the head region is mostly excluded by surgical ablation according to the putative localization ...

tube used to produce single wall carbon nanotubes by laser ablation of graphite ... Center using the laser ablation process developed at Rice University.7,8 ...

techniques3 to produce an expanded structure with a lower apparent density. ... with Q the solid molar volume, J the ablation molar flux, ...

A composite of boron nitride and phenolic resin, produced in an attempt to reduce thermal ... ablation to approximately half those of hot-pressed boron nitride. ...

A Nd:Yag laser is employed to irradiate thick Fe targets placed in vacuum. The obtained non-equilibrium Fe-plasma is investigated with various analytical techniques. An electrostatic ion energy analyzer (IEA) and a ring ion collector (ICR) are employed, in time-of-flight configuration, to monitor in situ the ejected ions from the plasma along the normal direction to the target surface and to ...

From a copper target, laser-ablated plasma was investigated by spectral- and temporal-resolved emission spectroscopy. With the presence of a 0.8 T steady magnetic field, the emission of the expanding plasma showed significant enhancements of the spectral lines for all neutral, singly, and doubly ionized species. The relative enhancements for different species have been studied ...

Natural radiative lifetimes of 53 odd-parity highly excited levels of singly ionized samarium in the energy range 26 599.08-36 107.66 cm-1 have been measured by the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique in an ionic plume produced by laser ablation. The fundamental frequency and second harmonic of a dye laser have been ...

Natural radiative lifetimes of 53 odd-parity highly excited levels of singly ionized samarium in the energy range 26 599.08-36 107.66 cm-1 have been measured by the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique in an ionic plume produced by laser ablation. The fundamental frequency and second harmonic of a dye laser have been ...

The sputtering of atoms, ions, and molecules from LiNbO3, by ultraviolet laser light up to the intensity which a plasma plume was fully formed, was measured. It was found the intensity, pulse repetition frequency, and irradiation history all influence the molecular yield. Moreover, in the ablation regime, oxygen was sputtered preferentially from the ...

From a copper target, laser-ablated plasma was investigated by spectral- and temporal-resolved emission spectroscopy. With the presence of a 0.8 T steady magnetic field, the emission of the expanding plasma showed significant enhancements of the spectral lines for all neutral, singly, and doubly ionized species. The relative enhancements for different species have been studied ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of liquid thickness on laser ablation efficiency. Both Q-switched Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) and free-running Er:YAG lasers were used to ablate polymethyl-methacrylate samples in the presence of a water layer. The thickness of the liquid layer varied from 500 {mu}m to 3 mm. ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of liquid thickness on laser ablation efficiency. Both Q-switched Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) and free-running Er:YAG lasers were used to ablate polymethyl-methacrylate samples in the presence of a water layer. The thickness of the liquid layer varied from 500 ?m to 3 mm. ...

The plume dynamics in the presence of an ambient gas is very intriguing physics. The expansion of a laser-produced plasma in the presence of an ambient gas leads to internal plume structures, plume splitting, sharpening, confinement, etc. We investigated propagation dynamics of an expanding tin ...

Shot-to-shot variation in the characteristics of laser produced plasma plume and surface profile of N-type silicon (1 1 1) are investigated. In order to produce plasma, a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 mJ, 9-14 ns) is tightly focused on silicon target in air at room temperature. Target was exposed in such a way that number of ...

We report the effect of 'plasma pipe' formation on pulsed laser ablation of organic polymers in air under normal conditions. Ablation of polymers (PMMA, polyimide) is carried out in a wide range of CO2 laser fluences with special attention to plasma formation in the ablation products. Evolution of laser ablation ...

A study of the gas dynamics of the vapor plume generated during laser ablation was conducted including a counterpropagating internal shock wave. The density, pressure, and temperature distributions between the external shock wave front and the sample surface were determined by solving the integrated conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy. The ...

Meteor ablation debris was distinguished from unablated interplanetary dust in a collection of extraterrestrial particles collected in the stratosphere using NASA U-2 aircraft. A 62 g sample of the Murchison (C2) meteorite was artificially ablated to characterize ablation debris for comparison with the stratospheric particles. By using ...

This report includes data and results which were obtained during plume rise experimentation. Aircraft plumes were photographed using the smoke-producing F-102 drones, and Thunderbird T-38 aircraft. The second set of experiments indicated that, under low w...

Mar 28, 2009 ... Dust plumes arose from multiple source points to produce a large, opaque plume over the Atlantic Ocean on March 28, 2009.

The upward flow produced by the continuous injection of gas into a body of liquid is studied for the unconfined case, i.e., the width of the body of liquid is large in comparison with that of the plume and the pressure variation outside the plume is appro...

A study has been made of the heat budget just before and during the season of ablation, of first year sea ice near the head of Tanquary Fiord. Ablation started as the air temperature approached 0 degrees C, producing a decrease in albedo from approximatel...

A test version of AXAIR has been prepared to compare with PUFF-PLUME. The test version of AXAIR applies the same meteorological conditions as PUFF-PLUME and also the dispersion coefficients have been changed to be the same as those in PUFF-PLUME. The test version of AXAIR and PUFF-PLUME produce ...

Spatial and temporal distributions of species emitted from ablation of zinc oxide target by a pulsed-electron beam are studied by the complementary use of optical emission spectroscopy and camera fast imaging. We show that the slowest electrons produced by the accelerating tube in the pulsed-electron beam deposition (PED) system interact with the plasma ...