Ankle-brachial index Basics Multimedia Resources Definition Why it's done Risks How you prepare What you can expect Results Connect with ... Mayo Clinic staff CLICK TO ENLARGE Ankle-brachial index The ankle-brachial index test is a quick, ...

Prognosis for patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has improved with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Evidence over recent years suggests that the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing in HIV patients. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a cheap and easy test that has been validated in the general population. ...

This article is the second part of a general review on ankle-brachial index (ABI). After stressing on the interest of ABI for the diagnosis, screening and follow-up of peripheral arterial disease, this second part focuses on the usefulness of ABI in the evaluation of cardiovascular prognosis. Many large scale epidemiological studies evidenced the predictive abilities of ABI in ...

... To the Editor: I read with interest the recent article by Nault et al1 regarding changes in ankle- ... ...

Advanced atherosclerotic disease increases the risk of stent thrombosis after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. We aimed to determine if an abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) value as a surrogate of atherosclerotic disease and vascular inflammation provides information on 1-year risk of cardiovascular events after DES implantation. A prospective ...

Background and Objective. We examined the association of elevated ankle blood pressure (ABP), together with exercise blood pressure, with incident cerebrovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in a prospective follow-up study of 3,808 patients. The results were compared with pulse pressure, another indicator of arterial stiffness. Methods. Patients with normal ...

BackgroundLipid abnormalities are associated with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and contribute to vascular damage and functional impairment. Women with PAD have more limited walking and physical function than men, but the mechanisms for their lower exercise performance are not clear. We determined if alterations in individual lipid components, such as ...

... mmHg or higher BLOOD PRESSURE Date ANKLE-BRACHIAL INDEX (ABI) A test that compares the blood pressure ...

... discovery opens the door to the notion of hypertension in the legs in the absence of detectable hypertension in the arms. In turn, as hypertension is ... ...

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are a risk factor for stroke. Their etiology is considered to be cerebral microvascular abnormality. However, the association between WMHs and arteriosclerosis is not yet clear. The aim of this hospital-based cohort study was to identify the arteriosclerotic characteristics associated with WMHs. Methods: We cross-sectionally ...

Investigates whether chronic ankle instability can be prevented, discussing: the relationship between mechanical and functional instability; normal ankle mechanics, sequelae to lateral ankle sprains, and abnormal ankle mechanics; and tissue healing, joint dysfunction, and acute lateral ...

The goal of this study was to clarify the clinical usefulness and limitations of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV) to evaluate hypertensive complications, in comparison with carotid-femoral PWV. Patients with essential hypertension (n=296, male/female=161/135; age=61.1+/-0.7 years) were enrolled. We measured brachial-ankle PWV, ...

Vascular dilatation is critically impaired in many diseases and is encountered by an upregulated endothelin receptor A (ETA) in the vasculature in association with a decline in nitric oxide bioavailability. Diabetic vasculopathy is characterized as a compromised vascular dilatation, implicated in many diabetic complications. It appears to be activated ETA and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine ...

BackgroundBlood pressure (BP) variability has been associated with cardiovascular outcomes, but there is no consensus about the more effective method to measure it by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). We evaluated the association between three different methods to estimate BP variability by ABPM and the ankle brachial index (ABI).Methods and ...

Peripheral arterial disease predicts future cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Conventional methods of assessment might underestimate its true prevalence. We sought to determine whether a postexercise ankle-brachial index (ABI), not only improved peripheral arterial disease detection, but also independently predicted death. This was an observational study of ...

BackgroundPatients infected with HIV have an increased risk for accelerated atherosclerosis. Elevated levels of osteoprotegerin, an inflammatory cytokine receptor, have been associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular disease (including peripheral arterial disease, or PAD), acute coronary syndrome, and cardiovascular mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether PAD is ...

We evaluated the effects of moderate-to-severe impairment of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR: 15 to 59?mL/min per 1.73?m(2)) and of proteinuria on the central hemodynamics and the pulse wave velocity (PWV) in 2244 middle-aged healthy Japanese men who were not receiving any medications for cardiovascular diseases or cardiovascular risk factors. The adjusted value of the radial ...

We evaluated the effects of moderate-to-severe impairment of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR: 15 to 59?mL/min per 1.73?m²) and of proteinuria on the central hemodynamics and the pulse wave velocity (PWV) in 2244 middle-aged healthy Japanese men who were not receiving any medications for cardiovascular diseases or cardiovascular risk factors. The adjusted value ...

... published to date that describe the effects of physical activity, including strenuous physical activity, on ankle-brachial index (ABI). De Cossard et ... have all shown that ABI is lowered after physical ...

Background and ObjectivesKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute inflammatory process affecting the arterial walls that results in panvasculitis. Recent studies have shown that even after resolution of the disease, endothelial dysfunction persists and may progress to atherosclerosis. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) are simple and non-invasive methods ...

The initial diagnosis of an "ankle sprain" is not always correct. Prolonged pain, swelling and disability sufficient to limit the activity and refractory to treatment following an ankle injury are not typical of an ankle sprain and should alert the clinician of the possibility of an alternative or an associated diagnosis. There are ...

Magnetic resonance (MR) neurography comprises an evolving group of techniques with the potential to allow optimal noninvasive evaluation of many abnormalities of the brachial plexus. MR neurography is clinically useful in the evaluation of suspected brachial plexus traumatic injuries, intrinsic and extrinsic tumors, and post-radiogenic ...

Two cases of neoplastic involvement of the lower brachial plexus are reported. This condition was due to recurrence of lymphoma in one case and to axillary node spread of breast cancer in the other. The neuropathic origin and the location of the lesion in the lower brachial plexus between the T-1 root and the axilla was demonstrated by the presence of ...

Avulsion of the brachial plexus was documented in a Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus). A fractured scapula was also present. Cause of these injuries was not known but was thought to be due to trauma. Differentiation of musculoskeletal injury from peripheral nerve damage can be difficult in raptors. Use of electromyography and motor nerve conduction velocity was helpful in ...

BackgroundThe Ankle Brachial Index is a useful clinical test for establishing blood supply to the foot. However, there are limitations to this method when conducted on people with diabetes. As an alternative to the Ankle Brachial Index, measuring Toe Systolic Pressures and the Toe Brachial ...

Arthroscopy of the foot and ankle, although sometimes technically challenging, is a useful tool for the foot and ankle surgeon. Burman in 1931 was the first to attempt arthoscopy of the ankle joint and surmised that it was not a suitable joint for arthroscopy because of its narrow intra-articular space. With the development of ...

Vascular dilatation is critically impaired in many diseases and is encountered by an upregulated endothelin receptor A (ETA) in the vasculature in association with a decline in nitric oxide bioavailability. Diabetic vasculopathy is characterized as a compromised vascular dilatation, implicated in many diabetic complications. It appears to be activated ETA and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine ...

BackgroundInteractions among age, arterial stiffness, and pressure wave reflection affect the central blood pressure (CBP). We evaluated our hypothesis that the contribution of the wave reflection to the CBP indexes is reduced at higher levels of arterial stiffness, independent of the effect of age.MethodsIn 2,691 Japanese men aged <60 years old who are not suffering from cardiovascular disease ...

Mechanisms underlying the role of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) in atherosclerotic development are not completely understood. We evaluated the relationship of Lp-PLA(2) with endothelial dysfunction, an early manifestation of atherosclerosis, in a cohort without known clinical cardiovascular disease. A total of 2809 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis ...

Three patients, men aged 58, 79 and 78 years, with onychocryptosis in their right, left and right hallux respectively, were treated by partial nail extraction and phenolisation of the nail bed. The wound did not heal and the symptoms worsened. The ankle-brachial index was < 0.9, which is an indication of peripheral arterial disease. This was confirmed by ultrasonography, CT ...

BACKGROUNDHutchinson�Gilford progeria syndrome is a rare, sporadic, autosomal dominant syndrome that involves premature aging, generally leading to death at approximately 13 years of age due to myocardial infarction or stroke. The genetic basis of most cases of this syndrome is a change from glycine GGC to glycine GGT in codon 608 of the lamin A (LMNA) gene, which activates a cryptic splice ...

... bending the foot down (plantar flexion). A person's reflexes may be abnormal, with weak or absent ankle-jerk reflex. Several different tests can be performed to find ...

Extracellular volume excess is an important factor in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension, and control of volume status by ultrafiltration and achievement of dry weight is considered as an essential therapeutical approach. In the present issue of the Journal of Nephrology, Curatola and coworkers present challenging data indicating that ultrafiltration intensification improves hypertension ...

We prospectively evaluated 102 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations in 100 patients with asymptomatic lateral ankles. The patients were undergoing MRI for other ankle pathologic features, including medial ankle, posterior ankle, soft tissue masses, or Achilles tendon pain. No patient had had a recent ...

OBJECTIVE: Although several studies have reported an association between microalbuminuria and pulse wave velocity in patients with hypertension or diabetes, there have been no reports of their significance in apparently healthy individuals. METHODS: Microalbuminuria and brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) were investigated in a sample of 3826 nonhypertensive, nondiabetic individuals ...

Magnetic resonance imaging is playing an increasingly important role in evaluation of the injured athlete's foot and ankle. Magnetic resonance imaging allows accurate detection of bony abnormalities, such as stress fractures, and soft-tissue abnormalities, including ligament tears, tendon tears, and tendinopathy. The interpreter of ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a low ankle brachial pressure index is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and death, and whether the prediction of such events could be improved by including this index. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: 11 practices in Edinburgh, Scotland. SUBJECTS: 1592 men and women aged 55-74 years selected at random ...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metabolic syndrome on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) by using the new guidelines for diagnosis of this syndrome in Japan. We examined 525 men and women without a history of cardiovascular disease or cancer, and an ankle-brachial index < 0.9. The baPWV was measured using a device (Form ...

To assess the usefulness of CT, we reviewed 51 patients with clinically diagnosed brachial plexopathy who were seen between 1977 and 1981. The established etiology was metastatic tumor in 46 and radiation fibrosis in 5. CT was abnormal in 89% of tumor patients. Myelography, bone scan, and plain cervical spine radiographs were less useful. In four of five ...

Four patients with pancoast's syndrome had burning pain in the axilla and abnormal sensation in the intercostobrachial nerve territory. The intercostobrachial nerve is the first component of the brachial plexus to be invaded by lung tumours.Images

We determined whether higher levels of physical activity in daily life are associated with better brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) among individuals with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Participants were 111 men and women with PAD (ankle�brachial index (ABI) ? 0.95) who completed baseline testing in the Study to Improve Leg ...

BACKGROUND: Early detection of atherosclerosis in elderly people is important because of high cardiovascular mortality. However, only few studies have evaluated the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in Asian elderly people. We evaluated subclinical atherosclerosis using various methods in a population-based cohort study, the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA). METHODS: ...

OBJECTIVE There is limited evidence on how intensive multifactorial treatment (IT) improves outcomes of diabetes when initiated in the lead time between detection by screening and diagnosis in routine clinical practice. We examined the effects of early detection and IT of type 2 diabetes in primary care on the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) ...

BackgroundPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with major cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Abnormalities in nitric oxide metabolism due to excess of the NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) may be pathogenic in PAD. We explored the association between ADMA levels and markers of atherosclerosis, function, and prognosis.Methods and ...

We aimed to determine the relationships between resting left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormalities (WMAs), aortic plaque, and peripheral artery disease (PAD) in a community cohort. A total of 1726 Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort participants (806 males, 65 � 9 years) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance with quantification of aortic plaque volume and ...

Knee dislocations can cause extensive soft tissue disruption including vascular insufficiency to the leg secondary to popliteal artery injury. Physical exam may miss vascular injury and possible late occlusion, but there is controversy regarding use of angiography to evaluate patients after dislocation. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has been shown to be equally effective as angiography in ...

Most studies of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) have not included women. To study the frequency of LEAD and its association with cardiovascular disease risk factors and estrogen use in community-dwelling postmenopausal women, we conducted a cross-sectional study of LEAD in 826 women whose average age was 74 years. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and medical history, body mass index ...

Objective: To pose the question, �Can chronic ankle instability be prevented?� The evaluation and treatment of chronic ankle instability is a significant challenge in athletic health care. The condition affects large numbers of athletes and is associated with reinjury and impaired performance. The management of acute injuries varies widely but in ...

An ankle sprain is a common injury to the ankle. The most common way the ankle is injured is when the ankle is twisted inward (inversion injury). With ...

The upper ankle joint is one of the target-joints of the haemophilic patient. Therefore, the secondary arthritis of the upper ankle joint is one of the most frequent forms of haemophilic arthropathy. It is a secondary form of arthritis not only because of chronic synovitis and cartilage injury resulting from chronic recurrent intraarticular bleeds, but ...

Five patients with polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLO-SL) were investigated using bone scintigraphy. Abnormal findings were detected in hands, wrists, knees, ankles and feet of all five patients. PMID:3217063

BackgroundThere is significant interest in leveraging the electronic medical record (EMR) to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS).MethodsA biorepository of DNA and plasma was created by recruiting patients referred for non-invasive lower extremity arterial evaluation or stress ECG. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was defined as a resting/post-exercise ...

Recent guidelines on arterial hypertension regard increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) as a marker of end-organ damage. However, these guidelines do not specify whether the maximum or mean IMT should be used as an indicator. The aim of this study was to compare these two measures and their relationship to atherosclerotic burden. The study involved 215 consecutive hypertensive patients ...

A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our institute. Aortitis syndrome was diagnosed when she was 39 years old. She developed intractable hypertension several years prior, and a computed tomography (CT) scan showed severe calcified stenosis of the descending aorta. The ankle brachial pressure index of the right leg was 0.70 and that of the left leg was 0.63. ...

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains underdiagnosed by primary care and cardiovascular physicians. The office-based assessment of PAD is limited by the need for specialized equipment and the time required for performance of the ankle-brachial index (ABI). We explored whether the accuracy of automated ABI measurement by oscillometry compared favorably with the ...

The anatomic complexity of the brachial plexus makes its electrophysiological exploration difficult. Electrodiagnosis nevertheless plays a crucial role in assessing brachial plexopathies, particularly in the perspective of post-traumatic surgical reconstructions. The evaluation aims to locate as precisely as possible injuries within the plexus, as well as ...

Fibromuscular dysplasia is a rare vascular disease that is characterized as nonatherosclerotic and noninflammatory in nature. This disease most commonly afflicts the renal and cerebrovascular beds but can rarely affect the upper extremity. We present the case of a 76-year-old woman who complained of a symptom complex, congruent with Raynaud's phenomenon on the right side. The patient had evidence ...

We report a variation of the median nerve at the level of brachial plexus in a 38 years old male cadaver. The median nerve was formed by the fusion of three branches; two of them coming from the lateral cord, and one from the medial cord. The abnormal root coming from the lateral cord had a very close oblique course over the axillary artery. These kinds of ...

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2004 data set was utilized to examine trends and differences of individuals with asymptomatic and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and PAD risk factor variables, determined by Ankle-Brachial Index measurement. A descriptive secondary data analysis was conducted by using the variables age, gender, ...

This study prospectively compared the following tests for their accuracy in amputation level selection: transcutaneous oxygen, transcutaneous carbon dioxide, transcutaneous oxygen-to-transcutaneous carbon dioxide, foot-to-chest transcutaneous oxygen, intradermal xenon-133, ankle-brachial index, and absolute popliteal artery Doppler systolic pressure. All metabolic parameters ...

.2.2 - Force and ATP usage 17 2.3 Metabolism of the Skeletal Muscle 18 2.3.1 - ATP re-synthesis 18 2.3.2 - ATP Abbreviations ABI Ankle/Brachial Systolic Pressure Index ADP Adenosine Di-Phosphate ATP Adenosine Tri, Biceps Femoris longhead Il Iliacus, Psoas In Internal Iliac Artery IP Inflection Point LC Left Common

The Van Nes rotationplasty is a useful limb-preserving procedure for skeletally immature patients with distal femoral or proximal tibial malignancy. The vascular supply to the lower limb either must be maintained and rotated or transected and reanastomosed. We asked whether there would be any difference in the ankle brachial index or complication rate for ...

Background:? Despite important advances in therapeutic approaches in stroke, the options of acute treatment are still limited. Primary prevention represents another potentially highly efficient strategy. For effective prevention the early detection of subjects at risk is of utmost importance. Coinciding with a change in current understanding of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory, cross-organ ...

Background: Clinical symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) are often atypical in women, particularly in those with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, a simple diagnostic test to identify a high-risk subset of women with diabetes who are likely to have CAD is important. Methods and Results: A total of 407 consecutive patients (319 men and 88 women, age range 68�11 years) with suspected CAD, who ...

Heart failure and increased arterial stiffness are associated with declining renal function. Few studies have evaluated the association between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity (baPWV) and renal function progression. The aim of this study was to assess whether LVEF<40% and baPWV are associated with a decline in the estimated ...

ObjectiveImpaired functional capacity predicts morbidity and increased mortality in patients with PAD. We hypothesized that brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, is associated with functional capacity in patients undergoing noninvasive evaluation for peripheral arterial disease (PAD).MethodsWe studied 114 patients (age 68 � 10 years) ...

OBJECTIVEPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a prognostic marker in cardiovascular disease. The use of Doppler-measured ankle-brachial pressure index (Dop-ABI) for PAD diagnosis is limited because of time, required training, and costs. We assessed automated oscillometric measurement of the ankle-brachial pressure index (Osc-ABI) by nurses and clinical ...

BackgroundWe examined whether in addition to producing a greater degree of improvement of the arterial stiffness, long-term angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) treatment might also have a more beneficial effect on the cardiac diastolic dysfunction than long-term calcium-channel blocker (CCB) treatment; we also evaluated the association between the improvements of the two variables brought about ...

Foot and ankle pain is common in ballet dancers. Although clinical examination often points to the underlying cause, imaging is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis and thus ensure appropriate future management. Factors predisposing to the increased incidence of injuries in this population include the classical position in which ballet dancers stand, which is on the tips ...

Purpose: Chronic limb ischemia (CLI) is a clinical diagnosis, but should be approved by technical tests like the ankle-brachial index (ABI). Although the ABI is well established, less is known about the influence of collateralization on clinical stage.Material/Methods: Magnetic resonance angiographies (MRA) of 129 lower extremities were searched for morphological changes and ...

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the usefulness of infrared thermography in evaluating patients at high risk for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD), including severity, functional capacity, and quality of life. METHODS: A total of 51 patients (23 males; age 70 � 9.8 years) were recruited. They completed three PAD-associated questionnaires, including walking impairment, vascular quality ...

The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of target organ damage (TOD) at carotid, cardiac, renal and peripheral vascular levels in a population at intermediate cardiovascular risk, with adjunctive major risk factors (AMRF). From March 2007 to July 2009 we examined 979 subjects at intermediate cardiovascular risk, as indicated by the Italian algorithm "Progetto Cuore"; the patients ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of prior duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin level at study entry, and microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria on the extent and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral arterial disease.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied baseline characteristics of the 2368 participants of the BARI 2D (Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 ...

OBJECTIVE: Arterial stiffness is a significant determinant of cardiovascular risk and is related to vascular calcification. Vitamin D may regulate arterial calcification and has been associated with cardiovascular survival benefits. However, data about the relationship between arterial stiffness, aortic calcification and vitamin D levels in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and in ...

Joint instability is presumed to cause abnormality in cartilage contact mechanics, which accumulatively damages articular surface over years, leading to osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of instability on dynamic cartilage contact mechanics. Using human ankle cadaver specimens, potentially unstable ...

Bone scans of patients with diabetic osteoarthropathy of the ankle and foot were characterized by a combination of diffuse and focal increased uptake, similar to that seen with hyperemia and reactive new bone formation. Scintigraphy showed more extensive abnormalities than radiography, with the scan abnormalities sometimes preceding ...

Bone scans of patients with diabetic osteoarthropathy of the ankle and foot were characterized by a combination of diffuse and focal increased uptake, similar to that seen with hyperemia and reactive new bone formation. Scintigraphy showed more extensive abnormalities than radiography, with the scan abnormalities sometimes preceding ...

The association between novel atherosclerotic risk biomarkers and severity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was assessed. Patients (n = 133) with PAD were recruited. Established risk biomarkers including low- and high-density cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure were measured. Novel risk biomarkers including plasma C-reactive protein, von Willebrand factor (vWF), interleukin 6, red ...

Many protocols have been used in clinical and research settings for collecting systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements to calculate the ankle�brachial index (ABI); however, it is not known how useful it is to replicate measurements and which measures best reflect cardiovascular risk. Standardized measurements of ankle and arm SBP from 5140 overweight ...

Many protocols have been used in clinical and research settings for collecting systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements to calculate the ankle-brachial index (ABI); however, it is not known how useful it is to replicate measurements and which measures best reflect cardiovascular risk. Standardized measurements of ankle and arm SBP from 5140 overweight or ...

ObjectiveTo determine whether serum levels of N-terminal (NT) pro�B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) are higher in patients with poorly compressible arteries (PCA) than in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and control subjects without PCA or PAD.Methods and ResultsMedial arterial calcification in the lower extremities results in PCA and may be associated with increased arterial ...

Secondary arthrosis of the upper ankle joint (talocalcanean joint) is one of the most frequent forms of haemophilic arthropathy. It is a secondary form of arthrosis not only because of chronic synovitis and cartilage injury resulting from chronic recurrent intraarticular bleeds, but also due to the misalignment of the joint and abnormal joint stress. The ...

Objective: As orthoses, and particularly ankle-foot orthoses, are widely used in the management of children with motor disorders, including cerebral palsy, we aimed to study their effect in normal children in order to add to normative gait data, which are essential for diagnosing, understanding and treating abnormal gait patterns. Design: We analyzed the ...

Objectives: A paucity of data exists regarding manifestations of macro- and microcirculation in contemporary critical limb ischemia (CLI). The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the differences in foot circulation based on angiographic findings, (2) to clarify the relationship between macro- and microcirculation, and (3) to investigate the effects of postural changes on micro as well as ...

... A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN THE USE OF BRACHIAL PHOTOPLETHYS MOGRAPHY AND THE QRS COMPLEX AS TIMING REFERENCES IN ...

... Title : A Comparative Study in the Use of Brachial Photoplethysmography and the QRS Complex as Timing References in Determination of Pulse ...

BackgroundThe coracobrachialis is a muscle of arm has been known for its morphological variations. The variation of the coracobrachialis reported in this case is unique and to the best of our knowledge this variation is not reported in south karnataka population.Case presentationDuring routine dissection, we observed an unusual insertion of a coracobrachialis muscle with an accessory slip in the ...

This report describes a male infant who developed right upper limb palsy 5 days after birth and contralateral paralysis at 14 days. Abnormal in utero posture of the right arm had resulted in a difficult cephalic delivery. Right shoulder osteomyelitis was diagnosed at age 16 days from clinical, hematologic, and radiologic findings. Antibiotics were administered, followed by ...

Although neuropathies in the athlete's foot and ankle are uncommon, they are often underdiagnosed. This is primarily due to the complex interplay of factors that are required for their presentation. The most frequently encountered entrapment syndromes (in decreasing order) involve the interdigital nerves, first branch of the lateral plantar nerve, isolated medial or lateral ...

We describe a 50 years old man with multiple symmetric lipomatosis (Madelung disease) and two years history of intermittent claudication who was hospitalized because of persistent ulcer of left foot. Lipomata were located on the neck, shoulders and chest; they enlarged gradually over a few years, becoming huge in size. Ulceration of the foot appeared a few weeks before hospitalization and its ...

Although clinical cardiovascular outcomes, such as heart attack, stroke, and sudden cardiac death, have a dramatic onset, they result from prolonged exposure to an ever-growing array of risk factors. Several noninvasive procedures are available to assess the cumulative effect of these exposures with the goal of more precisely estimating a person's cardiovascular risk. These include ...

In their recent paper, Cheung et al [B.M. Cheung, K.L. Ong, L.Y. Wong, Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and peripheral arterial disease in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. Int J Cardiol 2008 (Electronic publication ahead of print)] described a significant association between serum alkaline phosphatase levels and low ...

Multiple strategies are available for clinicians to identify patients at high risk for cardiovascular events. Two commonly discussed strategies are the identification of vulnerable plaques and the identification of vulnerable patients. The strategy of identifying vulnerable patients is less invasive, easy to implement and not restricted primarily to one vascular bed (e.g. coronary or cerebral). ...

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) affects over 10 million Americans and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While in many cases the ankle-brachial index (ABI) can be used for diagnosing the disease, this parameter is not dependable in the diabetic and elderly population. These populations tend to have calcified arteries, which leads to elevated ABI values. ...

BackgroundLong-term patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy show altered foot biomechanics and abnormal foot loading. This study aimed at assessing muscle performance and ankle mobility in such patients under controlled conditions.MethodsForty six long-term diabetes patients with (DN) and without (D) peripheral neuropathy, and 21 controls (C) were ...

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a poor cardiovascular prognosis. Stress myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) reliably detects coronary ischaemia in asymptomatic patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between systolic and diastolic left ventricular function, left ventricular hypertrophy, endothelial function and the results of stress myocardial SPECT in ...

Context:The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) is a region-specific, non�disease-specific outcome instrument that possesses many of the clinimetric qualities recommended for an outcome instrument. Evidence of validity to support the use of the FAAM is available in individuals with a wide array of ankle and foot disorders. However, additional evidence ...

Sensory hair bundles in the inner ear are composed of stereocilia that can be interconnected by a variety of different link types, including tip links, horizontal top connectors, shaft connectors, and ankle links. The ankle link antigen is an epitope specifically associated with ankle links and the calycal processes of photoreceptors ...

Full field of view coronal chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) routinely displays bilateral images of the brachial plexus, surface anatomy, and anatomic structures. Eighty patients had chest radiographs correlated with surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome. The PA chest film findings correlated with the surgical findings: smaller thoracic inlet on the concave side of the ...

Kyphosis of the thoracic spine rotates the scapulae anterior laterally, clavicles and subclavius muscles anteriorly, displaces the manubrium posteriorly, which increases the slope of the first ribs. This increases tension on the anterior scalene muscles and the neurovascular bundles which causes brachial plexopathy (TOS). Scheuermann's disease (spinal osteochondrosis; juvenile ...

Observed gait abnormalities are often related to a variety of foot deformities such as the cavus foot, also known as pes cavus, cavovarus, uncompensated varus, and the high arched foot. When gait abnormalities related to cavus foot deformities produce symptoms or contribute to dysfunctional movement of the lower extremity, foot orthotics are commonly used ...

BackgroundAbnormal coactivation of leg extensors is often observed on the paretic side of stroke patients while they attempt to move. The mechanisms underlying this coactivation are not well understood. This study (1) compares the coactivation of leg extensors during static contractions in stroke and healthy individuals, and (2) assesses whether this coactivation is related to ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if folic acid supplementation improves vascular function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation [FMD]) in professional dancers with known endothelial dysfunction. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: Academic institution in the Midwestern United States. SUBJECTS: Twenty-two professional ballet dancers volunteered for this study. MAIN ...

A 28-year-old serving soldier presented with patchy areas of absence of sweating and blurring of vision. On examination he was found to have segmental anhidrosis, right sided tonic pupil and absent ankle jerks. Investigations revealed ANA positivity with no other abnormalities. He was treated with Intravenous immunoglobulin. This case of Ross syndrome is ...

. Movement therapy in hemiplegia. New York: Harper & Row; 1970. [10] Dietz V, Berger W. Normal and impaired] Winters TF, Gage JR, Hicks R. Gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia in children and young adults. J Bone] Lehmann JF, Condon SM, Price R, deLateur BJ. Gait abnormalities in hemiplegia: their correction by ankle

BackgroundAcute postprandial hyperglycemia is an important affector for atherosclerosis in subjects with glucose intolerance. We analyzed the relationship of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with fasting and post-challenge plasma glucose levels according to different time points during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).MethodsIn 663 subjects with fasting ...

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We describe the prevalence and risk factors of PAD in a multi-ethnic Asian population (Chinese, Malays and Indians) in Singapore. The Singapore Prospective Study Program recruited 4132 individuals between 2004 and 2006 in which the ...