Brain lesions Basics Multimedia Definition Causes When to see a doctor Connect with others who've been ... Clinic staff CLICK TO ENLARGE MRI showing a brain lesion Brain lesions are abnormal areas of tissue ...

Several recent studies suggest that autism may result from abnormal communication between brain regions. We directly assessed this hypothesis by testing the presence of abnormalities in a model of the functional cerebral network engaged during explicit emotion processing in adults with high functioning autism or Asperger syndrome. ...

This review focuses on recent advances in the in vivo study of the whole brain in idiopathic autism. The brain is abnormally large in some but not all children with autism during post-natal development. Age-related changes in brain volume in autism are complex and appear to be abnormal from ...

Biological abnormalities, such as brain injuries or chemical imbalances, can cause or increase susceptibility to psychological disturbances.

SummaryA unique feature of the vertebrate brain is the brain ventricular system, a series of connected cavities which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and surrounded by neuroepithelium. While CSF is critical for both adult brain function and embryonic brain development, neither ...

DTI offers a unique opportunity to characterize the structural connectivity of the human brain non-invasively by tracing white matter fiber tracts. Whole brain tractography studies routinely generate up to half million tracts per brain, which serves as edges in an extremely large 3D graph with up to half million ...

The past few years have seen considerable interest in findings of abnormal brain connectivity in the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We review recent work from neuroimaging and other sources, and argue that there is considerable convergent evidence suggesting that connectivity is disrupted in ASD. We point to ...

There are reasons for thinking that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and drug dependence, although conventionally distinct diagnostic categories, might share important cognitive and neurobiological substrates. We tested this hypothesis directly by comparing brain functional connectivity measures between patients with OCD, stimulant dependent individuals ...

The most replicated finding in autism neuroanatomy�a tendency to unusually large brains�has seemed paradoxical in relation to the specificity of the abnormalities in three behavioral domains that define autism. We now know a range of things about this phenomenon, including that brains in autism have a growth spurt shortly after ...

... medicines, infections or radiation during pregnancy interferes with brain development. Types of brain malformations include missing parts of the brain, abnormal ...

Impaired understanding of others' sensations and emotions as well as abnormal experience of their own emotions and sensations is frequently reported in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It is hypothesized that these abnormalities are based on altered connectivity within "shared" neural networks involved in emotional ...

Abnormalities in the interactions between functionally linked brain regions have been suggested to be associated with the clinical impairments observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We investigated functional connectivity within the limbic system during face identification; a primary component of social cognition, in 19 ...

Abnormalities in the interactions between functionally linked brain regions have been suggested to be associated with the clinical impairments observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We investigated functional connectivity within the limbic system during face identification; a primary component of social cognition, in 19 ...

There is emerging evidence for a connection between the surface morphology of the brain and its underlying connectivity. The foundation for this relationship is thought to be established during brain development through the shaping influences of tension exerted by viscoelastic nerve fibers. The tension-based ...

... the abnormalities in blood flow in the brain's hippocampus -- the region associated with spatial navigation and the ...

Professor Judith Rapoport discusses her research group's finding that children with bipolar disorder have abnormal brain development.

Abnormalities; Blood Coagulation Disorder; Brain Disease; Cerebrovascular Accident; Vascular Disease

BackgroundObsessive�compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that is characterized by recurrent intrusive thoughts, ideas or images and repetitive ritualistic behaviours. Although focal structural and functional abnormalities in specific brain regions have been widely studied in populations with OCD, changes in the functional ...

Although previous studies reported addiction-related alteration in resting-state brain connectivity, it is unclear whether these resting-state connectivity alterations were associated with chronic heroin use. In the current study, graph theory analysis (GTA) was applied to detect abnormal topological properties in ...

of autism or Asperger's syndrome; therefore the Autism Diagnostic Interview-- Revised (ADI-R) was not used-IV criteria for autism (n 5 9) or Asperger's (n 5 5) disorder. One participant was nonverbal and two others, R.A., & Webb, S.J. 2004. Autism and abnormal development of brain connectivity. Journal

). Autism and abnormal development of brain connectivity. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 9228�9231. Berthoz, S�641. Castelli, F., Frith, C., Happe, F., & Frith, U. (2002). Autism, Asperger syndrome and brain mechanisms schedule: A standardized observation of commu- nicative and social behavior. Journal of ...

Brain scans of close relatives of children with autism reveal clear abnormalities that parallel those seen in autism.

Behavioral and functional neuroimaging studies indicate deficits in verbal working memory (WM) and frontoparietal dysfunction in individuals with dyslexia. Additionally, structural brain abnormalities in dyslexics suggest a dysconnectivity of brain regions associated with phonological processing. However, little is known about the ...

Behavioral and functional neuroimaging studies indicate deficits in verbal working memory (WM) and frontoparietal dysfunction in individuals with dyslexia. Additionally, structural brain abnormalities in dyslexics suggest a dysconnectivity of brain regions associated with phonological processing. However, little is known about the ...

Brain activation and functional connectivity were investigated in high functioning autism using functional magnetic resonance imaging in an n-back working memory task involving photographic face stimuli. The autism group showed reliably lower activation compared with controls in the inferior left prefrontal area (involved in verbal processing and working ...

Traumatic brain injury often results in cognitive impairments that limit recovery. The underlying pathophysiology of these impairments is uncertain, which restricts clinical assessment and management. Here, we use magnetic resonance imaging to test the hypotheses that: (i) traumatic brain injury results in abnormalities of functional ...

Neuroimaging methods represent a critical tool in efforts to join the study of the neurobiology of genes with the neurobiology of behaviour, and to understand the neurodevelopmental pathways that give rise to cognitive and behavioural impairments. This article reviews the clinical features and highlights studies with a focus on the relevant gene-brain-behaviour ...

Many brain disorders result from alterations in the strength of anatomical connectivity between different brain regions. This study investigates whether such alterations can be revealed by examining differences in interregional effective connectivity between patient and normal subjects. We applied one prominent ...

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by seizures, i.e. abnormal synchronous activity of neurons in the brain. During a focal seizure, the abnormal synchronous activity starts in a specific brain region and rapidly propagates to neighboring regions. Intracranial ElectroEncephaloGraphy (IEEG) is the ...

Due to the relatively late age of clinical diagnosis of autism, the early brain pathology of children with autism has remained largely unstudied. The increased use of retrospective measures such as head circumference, along with a surge of MRI studies of toddlers with autism, have opened a whole new area of research and discovery. Recent studies have now shown that ...

Due to the relatively late age of clinical diagnosis of autism, the early brain pathology of children with autism has remained largely unstudied. The increased use of retrospective measures such as head circumference, along with a surge of MRI studies of toddlers with autism, have opened a whole new area of research and discovery. Recent studies have now shown that ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible brain disorder which represents the most common form of dementia in western countries. An early and accurate diagnosis of AD would enable to develop new strategies for managing the disease; however, nowadays there is no single test that can accurately predict the development of AD. In this sense, only a few studies have focused on ...

The main purpose of this study was to report the existence of previously unidentified brain cysts or lesions in children with nonverbal learning disabilities, Asperger syndrome, or controls. The authors compared the incidence of cysts or lesions on magnetic resonance images (MRIs) in 28 children with nonverbal learning disability, 26 children with Asperger syndrome, and 24 ...

Patients suffering from focal drug-resistant epilepsy who are explored using intracranial electrodes allow to obtain data of exceptional value for studying brain dynamics in correlation with pathophysiological and cognitive processes. Direct electrical stimulation (DES) of cortical regions and axonal tracts in those patients elicits a number of very specific perceptual or ...

Recent evidence suggests that default mode connectivity characterizes neural states that account for a sizable proportion of brain activity and energy expenditure, and therefore represent a plausible neural intermediate phenotype. This implies the possibility of genetic control over systems-level connectivity features. Imaging genetics ...

Majority of previous heroin fMRI studies focused on abnormal brain function in heroin-dependent individuals. However, few fMRI studies focused on the resting-state abnormalities in heroin-dependent individuals and assessed the relationship between the resting-state functional connectivity changes and duration of ...

BackgroundGray matter volume studies have been limited to few brain regions of interest, and white matter and glucose metabolism have received limited research attention in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). Because of the lack of brain biomarkers, KS was found to be underdiagnosed in postmortem studies.Methodology/Principal FindingsNine consecutively selected ...

SummaryChronic complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating pain condition accompanied by autonomic abnormalities. We investigated gray matter morphometry and white matter anisotropy in CRPS patients and matched controls. Patients exhibited 1) a disrupted relationship between white matter anisotropy and whole-brain gray matter volume, 2) gray ...

... military departments and agencies for Research Development Test and ... Title : Neuroendocrine Abnormalities in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. ...

A brain aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery in the brain. They are ... often the size of a small berry. Most brain aneurysms produce no symptoms until they become large, begin ...

Normal brain function is facilitated by a highly organized and interconnected structure allowing complex integration of sensory information and motor responses. The acute confusional state of delirium is characterized by a fluctuating disturbance in consciousness, arousal level and cognition-memory; as such, delirium represents a failure in the integration and appropriate ...

Functional MRI (fMRI) studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer�s disease (AD) have begun to reveal abnormalities in large-scale memory and cognitive brain networks. Since the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system is a site of very early pathology in AD, a number of studies have focused on this region of the brain. ...

We assessed abnormalities within the principal brain resting state networks (RSNs) in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) to define whether functional abnormalities in this disease are limited to the visual system or, conversely, tend to be more diffuse. We also defined the structural substrates of fMRI changes ...

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have difficulty in initiating movements. Previous studies have suggested that the abnormal brain activity may happen not only during performance of self-initiated movements but also in the before movement (baseline or resting) state. In the current study, we investigated the functional connectivity of ...

Past autism research has often been dedicated to tracing the causes of the disorder to a localized neurological abnormality, a single functional network, or a single cognitive-behavioral domain. In this review, I argue that autism is a "distributed disorder" on various levels of study (genetic, neuroanatomical, neurofunctional, behavioral). "Localizing" models are therefore ...