Biological abnormalities, such as brain injuries or chemical imbalances, can cause or increase susceptibility to psychological disturbances.

Global cerebral blood flow, oxidative brain metabolism, and the cerebral arteriovenous differences of amino acids and ammonia were studied in 20 clinically diagnosed patients with early-onset dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT). Eleven healthy age-matched subjects and 15 healthy young volunteers served as controls. The most prominent abnormality in patients ...

BackgroundGray matter volume studies have been limited to few brain regions of interest, and white matter and glucose metabolism have received limited research attention in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). Because of the lack of brain biomarkers, KS was found to be underdiagnosed in postmortem studies.Methodology/Principal FindingsNine ...

... medicines, infections or radiation during pregnancy interferes with brain development. Types of brain malformations include missing parts of the brain, abnormal ...

Brain glucose metabolism was evaluated in four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex using (/sup 18/F)fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans at the beginning of therapy with 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine), and later in the course of therapy. In ...

The brain is highly susceptible to injury from any process that deprives its cells of oxygen, glucose, and other essential nutrients, and is therefore critically dependent on blood flow or perfusion. With hypoperfusion or ischemia, blood flow to the brain may be diminished to a level incompatible with normal function, eventually ...

... the abnormalities in blood flow in the brain's hippocampus -- the region associated with spatial navigation and the ...

Professor Judith Rapoport discusses her research group's finding that children with bipolar disorder have abnormal brain development.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined by senile plaques made of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), neurofibrillary tangles made of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, and memory deficits. Thus, the events initiating the cascade leading to these end points may be more effective therapeutic targets than treating each facet individually. In the small percentage of cases of AD that are genetic (or animal ...

Alzheimer�s disease (AD) is defined by plaques made of amyloid-? peptide (A?), tangles made of hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins and memory deficits. Thus, the events initiating the cascade leading to these end points may be more effective therapeutic targets than treating each facet individually. In the small percentage of cases of AD that are genetic (or animal models that reflect this form of ...

Abnormalities; Blood Coagulation Disorder; Brain Disease; Cerebrovascular Accident; Vascular Disease

Global cerebral blood flow and the cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen, CO2, glucose and lactate were studied in 11 patients aged 61-78 years who had been clinically diagnosed as suffering from incipient late-onset dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), and in 7 patients aged 66-83 years, in whom advanced late-onset DAT had been diagnosed, using the Kety-Schmidt technique. In ...

Interest in the control feeding and has increased as a result of the obesity epidemic and rising incidence of metabolic diseases. The brain detects alterations in energy stores and triggers metabolic and behavioral responses designed to maintain energy balance. Energy homeostasis is controlled mainly by neuronal circuits in the hypothalamus and brainstem, whereas reward and ...

We used D-(U-11C)glucose to evaluate transport and metabolism of glucose in the brain in eight nondiabetic and six insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) subjects. IDDM subjects were treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Blood glucose was regulated by a Biostator-controlled ...

The aim was to study brain involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 1 by single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). 58 DM1 patients were subjected to SPECT; 17 to both SPECT and PET. SPECT patients were grouped as 'normally perfused' and 'abnormally perfused'; PET patients as 'normal performers' and ...

Regional brain glucose utilization was investigated with positron emission tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose in 2 patients with a seizure disorder associated with diffuse band heterotopia, a condition known as "double cortex." Although 1 patient was examined shortly after the onset of the first seizures, the other had a long history of intractable epilepsy ...

Brain scans of close relatives of children with autism reveal clear abnormalities that parallel those seen in autism.

This study was performed to measure regional glucose metabolism in nonaffected brain regions of patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors. Seven female and four male patients (mean age 51.5{plus_minus}14.0 years old) were compared with eleven age and sex matched normal subjects. None of the patients had hydrocephalus and/or ...

The Marinesco-Sjoegren syndrome is an autosomal recessive degenerative disorder characterized by congenital cataracts, cerebellar ataxia, spasticity, mental deficiency, and skeletal abnormalities. We studied two adult siblings with Marinesco-Sjoegren syndrome using anatomic and metabolic brain imaging techniques to characterize the pattern and nature of ...

Atherosclerosis; Osteoporosis; Obesity; Glucose Abnormalities; Alzheimer's Disease; Vascular Dimentia

HIV Infections; Lipid Metabolism; Glucose Metabolism; Metabolic Abnormality; Lipodystrophy; Cardiovascular Disease

Reductions in brain glucose metabolism and increased oxidative stress invariably occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. Both conditions cause irreversible cognitive impairment; their behavioral consequences overlap but are not identical. Thiamine-dependent processes are critical in glucose metabolism, ...

Abnormalities in the oxidative metabolism of glucose in human cerebral gliomas have been studied in seven patients using positron emission tomography. Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption were obtained using the oxygen-15 steady-state inhalation technique. Values of regional cerebral glucose consumption ...

Serial 2-deoxy-2[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography was performed in identical twins with Niemann-Pick disease type C. Two such scans, performed at ages 4 and 6 years, revealed a characteristic, unique pattern of brain metabolic abnormality. Whereas the first scans indicated mild, diffuse cortical hypometabolism, most ...

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) may detect hyperintense lesions in patients with transient hypoglycaemia-induced hemiparesis or coma, which are completely reversible after glucose infusion.1^�3 In vivo animal studies have documented the visualisation of such hypoglycaemia-induced changes of signal intensity and the reversal by ...

... military departments and agencies for Research Development Test and ... Title : Neuroendocrine Abnormalities in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. ...

A brain aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery in the brain. They are ... often the size of a small berry. Most brain aneurysms produce no symptoms until they become large, begin ...