There is a well-established link between iron overload in the brain and pathology associated with neurodegeneration in a variety of disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD) and Huntington's (HD) diseases. This association was first discovered in AD by Goodman in 1953, where, in addition to ...

There is a well-established link between iron overload in the brain and pathology associated with neurodegeneration in a variety of disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD) and Huntington's (HD) diseases [1]. This association was first discovered in AD by Goodman in 1953 [2], where, in addition to abnormally high ...

Biological abnormalities, such as brain injuries or chemical imbalances, can cause or increase susceptibility to psychological disturbances.

evidence that basal ganglia and other regions of the brain accumulate abnormal (larger) amounts of iron.3 of a patient with large amount of iron deposition in the basal ganglia, (b) the anatomical information accumulation include putamen, globus pallidus, and caudate nucleus, which form the basal ganglia ...

Background & AimsAceruloplasminemia is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease associated with brain and liver iron accumulation which typically presents with movement disorders, retinal degeneration, and diabetes mellitus. Ceruloplasmin is a multi-copper ferroxidase that is secreted into plasma and facilitates cellular ...

Neurotoxicity in all prion disorders is believed to result from the accumulation of PrP-scrapie (PrP^Sc), a ?-sheet rich isoform of a normal cell-surface glycoprotein, the prion protein (PrP^C). Limited reports suggest imbalance of brain iron homeostasis as a significant associated cause of neurotoxicity in ...

... medicines, infections or radiation during pregnancy interferes with brain development. Types of brain malformations include missing parts of the brain, abnormal ...

... the abnormalities in blood flow in the brain's hippocampus -- the region associated with spatial navigation and the ...

Professor Judith Rapoport discusses her research group's finding that children with bipolar disorder have abnormal brain development.

Abnormalities; Blood Coagulation Disorder; Brain Disease; Cerebrovascular Accident; Vascular Disease

The consequences of iron deprivation on iron-containing enzymes of different tissues in rat and/or human is reviewed. Iron participates in a wide variety of biochemical processes, including mitochondrial electron transport, catecholamine metabolism and DNA synthesis. Recently, a broad spectrum of biochemical ...

Neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson�s disease, Alzheimer�s disease and Huntington�s disease are characterized by abnormally high concentrations of iron in the affected brain areas. Iron is believed to contribute to oxidative stress by catalysing radical generation and subsequently causing neuronal ...

We describe artifacts (linear densities and distortion of the shape of the globe) on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbits that result from the tattooing of human eyelids with iron oxide particles. Similar artifacts are frequently seen with certain types of external eye cosmetics and dental fillings or braces that contain ferromagnetic ...

NINDS Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation Information Page Skip secondary menu Home Disorders A - Z Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation Information Page Publications Organizations News ...

Brain scans of close relatives of children with autism reveal clear abnormalities that parallel those seen in autism.

We studied the elemental composition of autopsy tissue samples to characterize the trace element changes induced in various human tissues by uremia. Samples from the United States and Australia, including those from 120 uremic patients who had been on dialysis, and 64 control subjects, were analyzed by x-ray fluorescence. Tissues analyzed were aorta, bone, brain, heart, ...

BackgroundIron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been associated with altered cognitive, motor, and social-emotional outcomes in human infants. We recently reported that rats with chronic perinatal IDA, had altered regional brain iron, monoamines, and sensorimotor skill emergence during early development.ObjectiveTo examine the long-term ...

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is an essential ferroxidase that plays important roles in cellular iron trafficking. Previous findings suggest that the proper regulation and subcellular localization of iron are very important in brain cell function and viability. Brain iron dyshomeostasis is observed during ...

Background and ObjectivePatients with a clinical diagnosis of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA, formerly called Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome) often have mutations in PANK2, the gene encoding pantothenate kinase 2. We investigated correlations between brain MR imaging changes, mutation status, and clinical disease ...

Neuroferritinopathy is a neurodegenerative disease which demonstrates brain iron accumulation caused by the mutations in the ferritin light chain gene. On brain MRI in neuroferritinopathy, iron deposits are observed as low-intensity areas on T2WI and as signal loss on T2(?)WI. On T2WI, hyperintense ...

Neuroferritinopathy is a neurodegenerative disease which demonstrates brain iron accumulation caused by the mutations in the ferritin light chain gene. On brain MRI in neuroferritinopathy, iron deposits are observed as low-intensity areas on T2WI and as signal loss on T2?WI. On T2WI, hyperintense ...

Brain iron increases with age and is abnormally elevated early in the disease process in several neurodegenerative disorders that impact memory including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Higher brain iron levels are associated with male gender and presence of highly prevalent allelic variants in genes ...

Insertional mutations in exon 4 of the ferritin light chain (FTL) gene are associated with hereditary ferritinopathy (HF) or neuroferritinopathy, an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive impairment of motor and cognitive functions. To determine the pathogenic mechanisms by which mutations in FTL lead to neurodegeneration, we investigated ...

... military departments and agencies for Research Development Test and ... Title : Neuroendocrine Abnormalities in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. ...

A brain aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery in the brain. They are ... often the size of a small berry. Most brain aneurysms produce no symptoms until they become large, begin ...

Serial brain imaging in a patient with multiple sclerosis showed several definite but evanescent areas of abnormal accumulation of /sup 99m/Tc- pertechnetate. (auth)

Covert brain infarction is an emerging concern in patients with ?-thalassemia intermedia (TI). We have recently observed a high prevalence (60%) of silent brain infarction on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 30 splenectomized adults with TI. In this work, we further evaluate cerebral involvement in the same 30 patients using ...

High-field-strength (1.5-T) MR imaging was used to evaluate 47 patients with definite multiple sclerosis and 42 neurologically normal control patients. Abnormal, multiple foci of increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images, most prominent in the periventricular white matter, were apparent in 43 of 47 MS patients and in two of 42 control patients. A previously undescribed ...

Abnormal brain iron homeostasis has been proposed as a pathological event leading to oxidative stress and neuronal injury under pathological conditions. We examined the possibility that neuronal iron overload would mediate free radical production and delayed neuronal death (DND) in hippocampal CA1 area after ...

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary spasms in the laryngeal muscles during speech production. Although clinical symptoms of SD are well characterized, the pathophysiology of this voice disorder is unknown. We describe here, for the first time to our knowledge, disorder-specific brain abnormalities in SD patients ...

Seizures are symptoms of a brain problem. They happen because of sudden, abnormal electrical activity in the brain. When people think of seizures, they often ...

is responsible for the syndrome's characteristic sign of lissencephaly, a problem with brain development in which the surface of the brain is abnormally smooth. The loss of...

Professor Jeffrey Lieberman discusses the hypothesis that schizophrenia is caused by a group of genes producing abnormalities in brain development.

Exposure of rats to high-energy iron particles (600 MeV/amu) has been found to alter behavior after doses as low as 10 rads. The performance of a task that measures upper body strength was significantly degraded after irradiation. In addition, an impairment in the regulation of dopamine release in the caudate nucleus (a motor center in the brain), lasting ...

Exposure of rats to high-energy iron particles (600 MeV/amu) has been found to alter behavior after doses as low as 10 rads. The performance of a task that measures upper body strength was significantly degraded after irradiation. In addition, an impairment in the regulation of dopamine release in the caudate nucleus (a motor center in the brain), lasting ...

Abstract Purpose: Exposure to heavy-ion radiation is considered a critical health risk on long-term space missions. The developing central nervous system (CNS) is a highly radiosensitive tissue; however, the biological effects of heavy-ion radiation, which are greater than those of low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, are not well studied, especially in vivo in intact organisms. Here, we ...

Purpose: Exposure to heavy-ion radiation is considered a critical health risk on long-term space missions. The developing central nervous system (CNS) is a highly radiosensitive tissue; however, the biological effects of heavy-ion radiation, which are greater than those of low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, are not well studied, especially in vivo in intact organisms. Here, we examined ...

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder. Clinical studies have implicated the dopaminergic system in RLS, while others have suggested that it is associated with insufficient levels of brain iron. To date, alterations in brain iron status have been demonstrated but, despite suggestions from the ...

Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal required for normal homeostasis. Humans chronically exposed to high Mn levels, however, may exhibit psychomotor signs secondary to increased brain Mn. As Mn and iron (Fe) share several cellular membrane transporters, decreased Fe levels resulting from Fe deficiency or anemia lead to increased brain ...

Pallido-nigral spheroids associated with iron deposition have been observed in some aged clinically normal nonhuman primates. In humans, similar findings are observed in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation diseases, which, in some cases, show associated mutations in pantothenate kinase 2 gene (PANK2). Here we present an aged ...

... brain in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brainstem, or hippocampus. The structural abnormalities found in NMDs include schizencephaly, ...

Abnormalities in a specific type of brain cells called mirror neurons have been associated with autism.

... neck surgery, or an abnormality in the chest, neck or brain. In children, Horner�s syndrome may be caused by ...

Inflammatory processes play a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of common neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Abnormal iron accumulation is frequently noted in these diseases and compelling evidence exists that iron is involved in inflammatory ...

... possible causes, including illness, brain injury and abnormal brain development. In many cases, the cause is unknown. Doctors use brain scans and other tests to diagnose epilepsy. It ...

A childhood brain or spinal cord tumor is a disease in which abnormal cells form in the tissues of the brain or spinal cord.

Signal loss observed in the brain by MRI following the administration of ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) has been correlated with immune cell activity in inflammatory areas during multiple sclerosis. Uptake of USPIO by circulating monocytes and their migration towards inflammatory areas have been considered as the most ...

Quantifying tissue iron concentration in vivo is instrumental for understanding the role of iron in physiology and in neurological diseases associated with abnormal iron distribution. Herein, we use recently-developed Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) methodology to estimate the tissue magnetic ...

We studied the elemental composition of autopsy tissue samples to characterize the trace element changes induced in various human tissues by uremia. Samples from the United States and Australia, including those from 120 uremic patients who had been on dialysis, 29 uremic patients who had not been on dialysis, and 64 control subjects, were analyzed by x-ray fluorescence. Tissues analyzed were ...

brain development in infants and kids. Although iron deficiency can be reversed by adding more iron to the diet, scientists are ...

Transferrin has been proposed as the mobilization protein for iron and manganese. To better understand the role of transferrin in the transport of these metals, we studied the tissue distribution of injected iron 59 and manganese 54 in the hypotransferrinemic (Hp) mouse mutant. The Hp mouse has a mutation in the transferrin gene and produces < 1% of ...