This review focuses on recent advances in the in vivo study of the whole brain in idiopathic autism. The brain is abnormally large in some but not all children with autism during post-natal development. Age-related changes in brain volume in autism are complex and appear to be abnormal from ...

Biological abnormalities, such as brain injuries or chemical imbalances, can cause or increase susceptibility to psychological disturbances.

Morphological abnormalities of the cortical microvessels have been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but not in Binswanger's disease (BD), a form of vascular dementia. Therefore, we compared the capillary beds in AD and BD brains, using a modified Gallyas silver impregnation method and immunohistochemistry for beta amyloid. Eight ...

This paper summarizes the case histories of four young children with concurrent autistic disorder and Williams syndrome. Williams syndrome comprises a peculiar facial appearance, learning disorder, and often hypercalcemia, mild microcephaly, large blood vessel stenosis, and a specific behavioral phenotype. Literature on Williams syndrome is reviewed, focusing on prevalence, biochemical ...

... medicines, infections or radiation during pregnancy interferes with brain development. Types of brain malformations include missing parts of the brain, abnormal ...

... the abnormalities in blood flow in the brain's hippocampus -- the region associated with spatial navigation and the ...

Professor Judith Rapoport discusses her research group's finding that children with bipolar disorder have abnormal brain development.

A number of imaging techniques have been used to investigate changes produced in the brain by boxing. Most morphological studies have failed to show significant correlations between putative abnormalities on imaging and clinical evidence of brain damage. Fenestration of the septum pellucidum, with formation of a ...

Abnormalities; Blood Coagulation Disorder; Brain Disease; Cerebrovascular Accident; Vascular Disease

Great blue heron hatchlings from colonies in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada are being monitored for environmental contaminant exposure and effects by the Canadian Wildlife Service. The contaminants of concern are polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), primarily derived from kraft pulp mill effluent. The levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in eggs ...

Postmortem, genetic, brain imaging, and peripheral cell studies all support decreased mitochondrial activity as a factor in the manifestation of Bipolar Disorder (BD). Because abnormal mitochondrial morphology is often linked to altered energy metabolism, we investigated whether changes in mitochondrial structure were present in ...

Postmortem, genetic, brain imaging, and peripheral cell studies all support decreased mitochondrial activity as a factor in the manifestation of Bipolar Disorder (BD). Because abnormal mitochondrial morphology is often linked to altered energy metabolism, we investigated whether changes in mitochondrial structure were present in ...

Brain scans of close relatives of children with autism reveal clear abnormalities that parallel those seen in autism.

BackgroundGray matter volume studies have been limited to few brain regions of interest, and white matter and glucose metabolism have received limited research attention in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). Because of the lack of brain biomarkers, KS was found to be underdiagnosed in postmortem studies.Methodology/Principal FindingsNine consecutively selected ...

Methamphetamine (METH) is a powerful and often abused stimulant with potent addictive and neurotoxic properties. While it is generally assumed that multiple chemical substances released in the brain following METH-induced metabolic activation (or oxidative stress) are primary factors underlying damage of neural cells, in this work we will present data suggesting a role of ...

Cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) is a midline developmental anomaly shown to have increased incidence in patients with schizophrenia. The etiology of CSP may involve dysgenesis of the temporal lobes. This study evaluated the pattern of brain changes in three groups: 1) normal control subjects, 2) schizophrenic subjects without large CSP, and 3) schizophrenic subjects with large ...

Neural stem cells are present in the human post-natal brain and are important in the development of brain tumours. However, their contribution to non-neoplastic human disease is less clear. We have tested the hypothesis that malformations of cortical development contain abnormal (pathological) stem cells. Such malformations are a major ...

There is emerging evidence for a connection between the surface morphology of the brain and its underlying connectivity. The foundation for this relationship is thought to be established during brain development through the shaping influences of tension exerted by viscoelastic nerve fibers. The tension-based morphogenesis results in ...

Abstract Objective: To investigate possible structural abnormalities of the central auditory pathway in infants with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P). Participants: Twenty seven Chinese infants with NSCL/P, aged from 6 to 24 months. Intervention: Morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the central auditory nervous ...

Twins provide a natural set-up for the study of some of the basic issues that concern the field of language acquisition and of developmental language disorders and brain pathology, in that they present a unique hereditary and environmental situation within which development takes place. Yet, few studies have detailed the development of formal aspects of language in twins. This ...

The imaging approach to refractory partial epilepsy in children is essentially the same as the one used for any epilepsy at that age, except that surgery being generally proposed, it has to be oriented and complete. Yet there are differences. Sedation introduces a risk. The brain of the young child is still immature, and specially designed sequences are needed for proper ...

... military departments and agencies for Research Development Test and ... Title : Neuroendocrine Abnormalities in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. ...

A brain aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery in the brain. They are ... often the size of a small berry. Most brain aneurysms produce no symptoms until they become large, begin ...

Autonomic and peripheral neuropathies are well-described complications in diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is also associated to central nervous system damage. This little-known complication is characterized by impairment of brain functions and electrophysiological changes associated with neurochemical and structural abnormalities. The purpose of this study was ...

... Title : Current Problems of the Physiology, Morphology, Pharmacology and Clinical Picture of Reticular Formation of the Brain - USSR. ...

Enhancement of the brain substance for CT evaluation using inhaled xenon is confirmed. This technique was applied to the study of the normal and the embolized adolescent baboon. Healthy cerebral tissue enhances symmetrically, while abnormal areas show significantly diminished enhancement. At maximal enhancement, an indication of gross comparative cerebral ...

Although ultrasound remains the screening modality of choice in evaluation of the fetal nervous system, magnetic resonance imaging with its multiplanar imaging ability and high signal-to-noise ratio is highly accurate in illustrating the morphologic changes of the developing brain and fetal brain abnormalities. ...

Serial brain imaging in a patient with multiple sclerosis showed several definite but evanescent areas of abnormal accumulation of /sup 99m/Tc- pertechnetate. (auth)

Brain morphologic changes have been reported in borderline personality disorder (BPD), but it remains largely unknown whether BPD is associated with midline brain abnormalities. We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the length of the adhesio interthalamica (AI) and cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) as well ...

The study of dendritic length and spine density has become a standard in the analysis of neuronal abnormalities since a considerable number of neurological diseases have their foundation in alterations in these structures. One of the best ways to study possible alterations in neuronal morphometry is the use of Golgi impregnation. Introduced more than a century ago, it is still ...

An abnormality in neurodevelopment is one of the most robust etiologic hypotheses in schizophrenia (SZ). There is also strong evidence that genetic factors may influence abnormal neurodevelopment in the disease. The present study evaluated in SZ patients, whose brain structural data had been obtained with magnetic resonance imaging ...

Abnormal filaments consisting of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau form in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, and various dementing tauopathies. In Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome, the filaments have two characteristic morphologies referred to as paired helical and ...

Seizures are symptoms of a brain problem. They happen because of sudden, abnormal electrical activity in the brain. When people think of seizures, they often ...

is responsible for the syndrome's characteristic sign of lissencephaly, a problem with brain development in which the surface of the brain is abnormally smooth. The loss of...

Professor Jeffrey Lieberman discusses the hypothesis that schizophrenia is caused by a group of genes producing abnormalities in brain development.

ObjectiveVolumetric imaging research has shown abnormal brain morphology in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when compared to controls. We present results on a study of brain morphology in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and midline structures, via indices of gray matter volume and density, in ...

To test the hypothesis that cerebral capillaries, which share the embroyologic and morphologic characteristics of retinal capillaries, might have the same abnormal permeability in diabetic patients, we investigated the growth hormone response to a small amount of peripherally administered dopamine (1.5 microgram/kg.min). Consistent with the known exclusion ...

PURPOSE: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is considered to result from dysfunction of the brain stem structures that regulate REM sleep. In this study, we investigated structural brain changes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with idiopathic RBD (iRBD) to determine structural brain alterations ...

Neuronal circuitry relies to a large extent on the presence of functional myelin produced in the brain by oligodendrocytes. Schizophrenia has been proposed to arise partly from altered brain connectivity. Brain imaging and neuropathologic studies have revealed changes in white matter and reduction in myelin content in patients with ...

The mechanisms by which the vertebrate brain achieves its three-dimensional structure are clearly complex, requiring the functions of many genes. Using the zebrafish as a model, we have begun to define genes required for brain morphogenesis, including brain ventricle formation, by studying 16 mutants previously identified as having ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a heterogeneous human disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, and characterized by the primary findings of obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadism, and learning and behavioural problems. BBS mouse models have a neuroanatomical phenotype consisting of third and lateral ventriculomegaly, thinning of the cerebral cortex, and reduction in ...

... analyzed by morphological and molecular methods for abnormalities in mammary epithelial proliferation, differentiation and development, and for ...