Several recent studies suggest that autism may result from abnormal communication between brain regions. We directly assessed this hypothesis by testing the presence of abnormalities in a model of the functional cerebral network engaged during explicit emotion processing in adults with high functioning autism or ...
PubMed Central
Biological abnormalities, such as brain injuries or chemical imbalances, can cause or increase susceptibility to psychological disturbances.
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Schizophrenia, once considered a psychological malady devoid of any organic brain substrate, has been the focus of intense neuroimaging research. Findings reveal mild but generalized tissue loss as well as more selective focal loss. It is unclear whether these abnormalities reflect neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative processes, or ...
Heart failure has served as a clinically useful model for understanding how cardiac dysfunction is associated with neuroanatomic and neuropsychological changes in aging adults, theoretically because systemic hypoperfusion disrupts cerebral perfusion, contributing to clinical brain injury. This review summarizes more recent data suggesting that subtle cardiac dysfunction or low ...
... medicines, infections or radiation during pregnancy interferes with brain development. Types of brain malformations include missing parts of the brain, abnormal ...
MedlinePLUS
... the abnormalities in blood flow in the brain's hippocampus -- the region associated with spatial navigation and the ...
Professor Judith Rapoport discusses her research group's finding that children with bipolar disorder have abnormal brain development.
Abnormalities; Blood Coagulation Disorder; Brain Disease; Cerebrovascular Accident; Vascular Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov
The most replicated finding in autism neuroanatomy�a tendency to unusually large brains�has seemed paradoxical in relation to the specificity of the abnormalities in three behavioral domains that define autism. We now know a range of things about this phenomenon, including that brains in autism have a growth spurt shortly after ...
E-print Network
Brain scans of close relatives of children with autism reveal clear abnormalities that parallel those seen in autism.
system function in children with auditory processing disorders. Audiol Neuro-Otol 2004; 9: 107 auditory processes in normal and language-impaired children Brad Wible,1 Trent Nicol2 and Nina Kraus3 relationship between brainstem and cortical auditory processing was shown to be abnormal in children
Baseline neurodynamics are believed to play an important role in normal brain function. A potentially intrinsic property of the brain is the weak coupling between networks at rest, which enables it to be flexible, adapt, process novel stimuli, and learn. Brain regions become differentially coordinated in response ...
Adolescence is a unique period in neurodevelopment. Alcohol and marijuana use are common. Recent research has indicated that adolescent substance users show abnormalities on measures of brain functioning, which is linked to changes in neurocognition over time. Abnormalities have been seen in brain structure volume, ...
Nuclear lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a structural scaffolding for the cell nucleus. Defects in lamins A and C cause an array of human diseases, including muscular dystrophy, lipodystrophy, and progeria, but no diseases have been linked to the loss of lamins B1 or B2. To explore the functional relevance of lamin B2, we generated lamin B2-deficient mice and found that they have ...
... military departments and agencies for Research Development Test and ... Title : Neuroendocrine Abnormalities in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
Postmortem, genetic, brain imaging, and peripheral cell studies all support decreased mitochondrial activity as a factor in the manifestation of Bipolar Disorder (BD). Because abnormal mitochondrial morphology is often linked to altered energy metabolism, we investigated whether changes in mitochondrial structure were present in brain ...
PubMed
A brain aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery in the brain. They are ... often the size of a small berry. Most brain aneurysms produce no symptoms until they become large, begin ...
The capacity to look inside the living human brain and image its function has been present since the early 1980s. There are some clinicians who use functional brain imaging for diagnostic or prognostic purposes, but much of the work done still relates to research evaluation of brain function. There is a striking dichotomy in the use of ...
Energy Citations Database
Serial brain imaging in a patient with multiple sclerosis showed several definite but evanescent areas of abnormal accumulation of /sup 99m/Tc- pertechnetate. (auth)
Schizophrenia represents a pervasive deficit in brain function, leading to hallucinations and delusions, social withdrawal and a decline in cognitive performance. As the underlying genetic and neuronal abnormalities in schizophrenia are largely unknown, it is challenging to measure the severity of its symptoms objectively, or to design and evaluate ...
Bone scintigrams are usually obtained for evaluation of skeletal abnormalities; soft-tissue abnormalities are often an unexpected finding. However, the recognition of specific conditions with extraskeletal accumulation of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals greatly enhances the diagnostic value of the study. Several examples of abnormal ...
The brain is highly susceptible to injury from any process that deprives its cells of oxygen, glucose, and other essential nutrients, and is therefore critically dependent on blood flow or perfusion. With hypoperfusion or ischemia, blood flow to the brain may be diminished to a level incompatible with normal function, eventually ...
of autism or Asperger's syndrome; therefore the Autism Diagnostic Interview-- Revised (ADI-R) was not used-IV criteria for autism (n 5 9) or Asperger's (n 5 5) disorder. One participant was nonverbal and two others, R.A., & Webb, S.J. 2004. Autism and abnormal development of brain connectivity. Journal
Seizures are symptoms of a brain problem. They happen because of sudden, abnormal electrical activity in the brain. When people think of seizures, they often ...
is responsible for the syndrome's characteristic sign of lissencephaly, a problem with brain development in which the surface of the brain is abnormally smooth. The loss of...
Science.gov Websites
Professor Jeffrey Lieberman discusses the hypothesis that schizophrenia is caused by a group of genes producing abnormalities in brain development.
For almost two decades, a considerable amount of work has been devoted to the accurate delineation of normal and abnormal brain development using cerebral MRI. In the broad field of neuroimaging research, specific genetic conditions associated with impaired cognitive performances or with psychiatric symptoms have received increased attention because of ...
Schizophrenia is one of the major psychiatric disorders, and lipids have focused on the important roles in this disorder. In fact, lipids related to various functions in the brain. Previous studies have indicated that phospholipids, particularly ones containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl residues, are deficient in postmortem brains from patients with ...
Due to the relatively late age of clinical diagnosis of autism, the early brain pathology of children with autism has remained largely unstudied. The increased use of retrospective measures such as head circumference, along with a surge of MRI studies of toddlers with autism, have opened a whole new area of research and discovery. Recent studies have now shown that ...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brain activation and functional connectivity were investigated in high functioning autism using functional magnetic resonance imaging in an n-back working memory task involving photographic face stimuli. The autism group showed reliably lower activation compared with controls in the inferior left prefrontal area (involved in verbal processing and working ...
... brain in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brainstem, or hippocampus. The structural abnormalities found in NMDs include schizencephaly, ...
Abnormalities in a specific type of brain cells called mirror neurons have been associated with autism.
... neck surgery, or an abnormality in the chest, neck or brain. In children, Horner�s syndrome may be caused by ...
Abnormalities in thirst and vasopressin (AVP) release play key roles in the genesis of hyponatremia; both processes are under the control of osmoreceptive neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). The acute development of hyponatremia in turn leads to profound cerebral edema, whereas treatment of chronic hyponatremia can be associated with osmotic ...
Through a series of complex transformations, the pixel-like input to the retina is converted into rich visual perceptions that constitute an integral part of visual recognition. Multiple visual problems arise due to damage or developmental abnormalities in the cortex of the brain. Here, we provide an overview of how visual information is ...
A variety of brain structural abnormalities, which can be identified only by qualitative methods, have been shown to correlate with clinical presentation and course of schizophrenia. In the present study, MRI scans of 122 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia and 81 non-psychiatric controls were evaluated. Among males, the frequency of CNS developmental ...
Brain abnormalities have been documented by neuropsychological assessment as well as a variety of neuroimaging techniques in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Conventional neuroimaging in patients with neuropsychiatric disease (NPSLE) typically discloses periventricular white matter (WM) hyperintensities, infarcts, hemorrhages, and cerebral ...
... possible causes, including illness, brain injury and abnormal brain development. In many cases, the cause is unknown. Doctors use brain scans and other tests to diagnose epilepsy. It ...
A childhood brain or spinal cord tumor is a disease in which abnormal cells form in the tissues of the brain or spinal cord.
Cancer.gov
Functional MRI (fMRI) studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer�s disease (AD) have begun to reveal abnormalities in large-scale memory and cognitive brain networks. Since the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system is a site of very early pathology in AD, a number of studies have focused on this region of the brain. ...
Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood disorder that likely involves central nervous system sensory hypersensitivity. There are a host of genetic, neuroendocrine and environmental abnormalities associated with the disease, and recent research findings suggest enhanced sensory processing, and abnormalities in central monoamines and ...
This review considers theory and evidence for abnormal information processing in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cognitive studies have indicated sensitivity in PTSD for traumatic information, more so than general emotional information. These findings were supported by neuroimaging studies that identify increased brain activity ...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined by senile plaques made of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), neurofibrillary tangles made of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, and memory deficits. Thus, the events initiating the cascade leading to these end points may be more effective therapeutic targets than treating each facet individually. In the small percentage of cases of AD that are genetic (or animal ...
Alzheimer�s disease (AD) is defined by plaques made of amyloid-? peptide (A?), tangles made of hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins and memory deficits. Thus, the events initiating the cascade leading to these end points may be more effective therapeutic targets than treating each facet individually. In the small percentage of cases of AD that are genetic (or animal models that reflect this form of ...
Recent advances in analysis of brain signals, training patients to control these signals, and improved computing capabilities have enabled people with severe motor disabilities to use their brain signals for communication and control of objects in their environment, thereby bypassing their impaired neuromuscular system. Non-invasive, electroencephalogram ...
The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis if repetition of mild mechanical brain injury induces the pathological process related to Alzheimer's disease. After defining the magnitude of the subthreshold brain injury which does not induce brain tissue damage by a single hit, the subthreshold mild impact ...
Williams syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a deletion on chromosome 7. It is characterized by a range of medical problems in addition to severe impairments in visuospatial processing and oversensitivity to sounds, including hypersensitivity to sounds (hyperacusis) and extreme fear from sounds (phonophobia). In spite of impairments in visuospatial ...
Recent developments in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) enabling imaging of hemodynamics and metabolism hold significant promise in the noninvasive evaluation of normal and abnormal brain function. Among several methods, the most successful approach exploits the sensitivity of MRI to changes in the oxygenation status of hemoglobin (oxy/deoxyhemoglobin) in ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Irritable bowel syndrome is not only a digestive motor disorder. It is a multifactorial disease for which many data have highlighted the pathophysiological importance of visceral hypersensitivity in the onset of symptoms, particularly abdominal pain. Hypersensitivity is due either to an afferent neurons disfunction at the enteric nervous system level, either to an abnormal ...
Autonomic and peripheral neuropathies are well-described complications in diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is also associated to central nervous system damage. This little-known complication is characterized by impairment of brain functions and electrophysiological changes associated with neurochemical and structural abnormalities. The purpose of this study was ...
Recent progress in developmental neurobiology and neuroimaging can be drawn together to provide new insight into the links between genetically specified processes of embryonic brain development and adult human brain structure and function. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to show that individuals with aniridia and deficits in ...
For the rehabilitation process, the treatment of patients surviving brain injury in a vegetative state is still a serious challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate patients exhibiting severely disturbed consciousness using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Five cases of posttraumatic vegetative state and one with minimal consciousness close ...
... processing and reaction. Back Continue Things That Can Go Wrong With the Brain Because the brain controls ...
Background:Emotion processing abnormalities are considered among the core deficits in schizophrenia. Subjects at high risk (HR) for schizophrenia also show these deficits. Structural neuroimaging studies examining unaffected relatives at high risk for schizophrenia have demonstrated neuroanatomical abnormalities involving neo-cortical ...
