Contrast sensitivity was measured by means of Arden grating plates in 100 patients on medication for pulmonary tuberculosis. The scores were abnormal in 38.2% of the patients whose therapy included ethambutol for three months, and 36.7% of the patients on similar treatment for six months. In comparison with age matched groups of ...

In 34 asymptomatic patients from three families at 50% risk of developing Sorsby's fundus dystrophy, colour contrast sensitivity was measured. In 16 the thresholds--mainly of the tritan axis--were raised above the normal values. It is concluded that testing of colour vision is useful in detecting the abnormal genotype. Raised colour ...

The results of radiology and endoscopy were compared in 140 patients who had undergone gastric surgery for ulcer disease. Of 74 patients who were examined with single-contrast radiography, 37 had abnormalities that were demonstrated endoscopically. The radiographic sensitivities in these patients were: gastritis 2/22 (9%); ulcer 3/5 ...

Thirty cases of Minamata disease caused by methyl mercury poisoning with the lesion mainly at the occipital cortex were selected and their spatial contrast sensitivity of vision was examined by the Arden grating chart. At the same time their visual acuity, visual field, and visual evoked cortical potential (VECP) were also investigated. In all cases the ...

Eighty-nine patients were evaluated for coronary artery disease (CAD) with exercise radionuclide ventriculography (ERV) and contrast coronary angiography. In 70 patients with documented lesions the ERV was abnormal in 65 for a sensitivity of 93%. In patients with normal coronary arteries, the ERV was abnormal in ...

... Descriptors : *CONTRAST, *SENSITIVITY, *VISION, *CHARTS, *OPTOMETRY, FREQUENCY, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, REPRINTS ...

Visual functions of children with hearing disability were evaluated in a school of Muscat, Oman in 2006. Two hundred and twenty-three children were tested for near vision, distant vision, contrast sensitivity, color vision, field of vision, motion perception and crowding. Profound and severe hearing loss was noted in 161 and 63 students respectively. ...

Visual functions of children with hearing disability were evaluated in a school of Muscat, Oman in 2006. Two hundred and twenty-three children were tested for near vision, distant vision, contrast sensitivity, color vision, field of vision, motion perception and crowding. Profound and severe hearing loss was noted in 161 and 63 students respectively. ...

The sensitivity of radionuclide imaging and computed tomography (CT) was evaluated in 25 patients for early detection of viral meningoencephalitis. Diagnosis was based on clinical evidence, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies, electroencephalography (EEG) and radionuclide imaging. Computed tomography with contrast enhancement was performed within four days ...

The authors evaluated the suitability of Tc-99m MIBI to be used as an alternative to Ga-67 in pulmonary sarcoidosis imaging. Studies were performed on 21 patients. Eleven patients (group I) had been on corticosteroid treatment before the study, while 10 patients (group II) had received no treatment. Activity of sarcoidosis was assessed from clinical manifestations of the disease, pulmonary ...

Background Increased venous contrast in ischemic stroke using susceptibility-weighted imaging has been widely reported, although few reports have compared increased venous contrast areas with perfusion change areas. Purpose To compare venous contrast on phase-sensitive MR images (PSI) with perfusion change on ...

Lymphoscintigraphy is an easily performed noninvasive procedure that offers the potential to detect small numbers of ascitic tumor cells and early diaphragmatic tumor involvement. Moreover, it can be used to delineate and define abnormalities in lymph nodes that are not routinely visualized by bipedal contrast lymphangiography, ultrasound or computed ...

Cholescintigraphy, ultrasonography, and contrast cholangiography were compared in 60 patients. Among those having abdominal pain but no biliary disease or jaundice, cholescintigraphy was normal in 14/14, ultrasound in 10/13, and cholangiography in 13/14. Jaundice due to hepatocellular disease was correctly distinguished from complete biliary obstruction by cholescintigraphy in ...

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a clinical diagnosis; however, molecular confirmation via abnormal methylation of DMR2(LIT1) and/or DMR1(H19) has clinical utility due to epigenotype-tumor association. Despite the strong link between H19 hypermethylation and tumor risk, several diagnostic laboratories only test for hypomethylation of LIT1. We assessed the added diagnostic ...

Colour contrast sensitivity (CCS) of a large cohort of glaucomatous patients, ocular hypertensive patients (OH), and normal persons was measured at six-month intervals during a two-year period. The OHs were graded into high, medium, and low risk groups. 69% of glaucomatous patients and 32% of all OHs had CCS thresholds greater than the mean plus 2 SDs of ...

Incidental observations made in a canine renal transplant model in which both native and transplanted kidneys were present revealed that abnormal I-131-iodohippurate renograms were derived from some of the transplanted kidneys in the presence of mild dehydration. In these cases, the renogram normalized with fluid administration. In contrast, the renograms ...

The development of imaging methodologies for detecting blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption may help predict stroke patient's propensity to develop hemorrhagic complications following reperfusion. We have developed a delayed contrast extravasation MRI-based methodology enabling real-time depiction of subtle BBB abnormalities in humans with high ...

Phase analysis of radionuclide ventriculograms is used for identifying ischemic wall motion abnormalities. Myocardial segments with an abnormal phase and the synchronicity of LV wall motion can be assessed from a histogram of LV phase distribution. We examined in this study the sensitivity of SDP-LV for identifying coronary artery ...

Numerous reports of elevated global motion thresholds across a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders have prompted researchers to suggest that abnormalities in global motion perception are a result of a general deficiency in the dorsal visual pathway. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the integrity of the dorsal visual pathway at lower subcortical ...

The radiation sensitivities of crystalline choline chloride and nineteen crystalline analogs have been compared. The chloride is extremely radiation sensitive and appears to decompose by a free-radical chain mechanism. Choline bromide is about one-third as sensitive as the chloride; none of the other analogs show ...

... Temporal Interactions: Contrast Sensitivity as a Function of Spatial and Temporal Frequency, Luminance and Stimulus Position on the Retina. ...

... Accession Number : ADA196986. Title : Effect of Alcohol on Contrast Sensitivity. Descriptive Note : Research rept.,. Corporate ...

... Accession Number : ADA058383. Title : Contrast Sensitivity of the Human Eye to Various Display Phosphor Types,. Corporate ...

To determine the sensitivity of regional 1st and 2nd time derivative (1DV, 2DV) images to assess ventricular function (VF) in CAD, the resting GBPS of 8 normal patients (pts) and 20 pts with CAD who had coronary angiography and contrast ventriculography (CV) were analyzed. The 1DV and 2DV of the systolic time-activity curve were determined for each left ...

Objective: Since the mid-1990s, laparoscopic fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease has become the surgical procedure of choice. Several surgical groups perform routine post-operative contrast studies to exclude any (asymptomatic) anatomical abnormality and to expedite discharge from hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine the ...

... Pagination or Media Count : 6. Descriptors : *CONTRAST, *TELEVISION SYSTEMS, USSR, TRANSLATIONS, PHOTOSENSITIVITY. ...

, the lan and lev genes determine lannate and levamisole sensitivity, respectively. Similarly, whether abnormal levamisole sensitivity lin e abnormal lineage lon e long mab e male abnormal mec e mechanosensory

Magnetic resonance imaging has revolutionized the detection of structural abnormalities in patients with epilepsy. However, many focal abnormalities remain undetected in routine visual inspection. Here we use an automated, surface-based method for quantifying morphometric features related to epileptogenic cortical malformations to detect ...

Magnetic resonance imaging has revolutionized the detection of structural abnormalities in patients with epilepsy. However, many focal abnormalities remain undetected in routine visual inspection. Here we use an automated, surface-based method for quantifying morphometric features related to epileptogenic cortical malformations to detect ...

The authors investigated 244 consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease by coronary angiography and quantitative left ventriculography to compare the Minnesota Q/QS code (MC) with clinical electrocardiographic (ECG) interpretation. Patients who were suspected to have wall motion abnormalities for reasons other than coronary artery disease for possible regional ...

ObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of real?time myocardial contrast perfusion imaging (MCPI) for the diagnosis of restenosis and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods56 patients were studied 1.9 (SD 1.4) years after PCI. They underwent MCPI with commercially available ultrasound ...

Magnetic resonance imaging has far-reaching real and possible clinical applications. Its usefulness has been best explored and realized in the central nervous system, especially the posterior fossa and brain stem, where most abnormalities are better identified than with computed tomography. Its lack of ionizing radiation and extreme sensitivity to normal ...

Magnetic resonance imaging has far-reaching real and possible clinical applications. Its usefulness has been best explored and realized in the central nervous system, especially the posterior fossa and brain stem, where most abnormalities are better identified than with computed tomography. Its lack of ionizing radiation and extreme sensitivity to normal ...

Sixty-eight patients with various types of gastritis, 23 patients with normal stomachs, and four patients with other gastric diseases were examined in a prospective study to assess the sensitivity and specificity of single-contrast (SC) and double-contrast (DC) upper gastrointestinal examinations in the evaluation of gastritis. All ...

The mammalian visual system is known to have considerable maturational plasticity, since the characteristics of early visual experience can have lasting effects on the organization and functioning of the visual cortex. One example which reveals this property is meridional amblyopia, an abnormal dependence of visual contrast sensitivity ...

PurposeTo evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for vision loss in patients with clinical or immunologic AIDS without infectious retinitis.DesignA prospective multicentered cohort study of patients with AIDS.Methods1,351 patients (2,671 eyes) at 19 clinical trials centers diagnosed with AIDS but without major ocular complications of HIV. Standardized measurements of visual acuity, automated ...

Although screen-film mammography is the current standard for detecting abnormalities in the breast, the sensitivity can range from 40-95 percent. One of the reasons this occurs is because surrounding dense tissues obscure the visualization of cancers. To address this issue, we are investigating contrast digital mammography (CDM), which ...

Dynamic contrast breast MRI is becoming an important adjunct in screening women at high risk for breast cancer, determining extent of disease (staging) and monitoring response to therapy. In dynamic contrast breast MRI, regions of rapid contrast uptake indicate increases in vascularity which can be associated with ...

... acquired steps appear to be required for the development of breast ... We compare and contrast acquired genetic abnormalities in tumors from two ...

It is generally accepted that genetics play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Since hypertension often follows kidney transplantation, candidate genes have been sought and found in the kidneys of rats and humans. One well-recognized, inherited influence on blood pressure (BP) occurs via abnormal renal sodium handling in vivo. Further, ...

Higher-order aberrations degrade visual performance when the pupil is large, particularly in eyes that have abnormally high amounts of aberrations, such as those that have undergone refractive surgery. Geometrical optics predicts that asymmetrical aberrations such as coma can produce orientation selective effects, much like uncorrected astigmatism. Coma is also one of the main ...

In Optometry and in Audiology, the routine tests to prescribe correction lenses and headsets are respectively the visual acuity test (the first chart with letters was developed by Snellen in 1862) and conventional pure tone audiometry (the first audiometer with electrical current was devised by Hartmann in 1878). At present there are psychophysical non invasive tests that, besides evaluating ...

Purpose. Usher's syndrome is a combined deafness and blindness disorder caused by mutations in several genes with functions in both the retina and the ear. Here the authors studied morphologic and functional changes in an animal model, the Ush2a mouse, and explored whether transplantation of forebrain-derived progenitor cells might affect the progress of morphologic and functional deterioration. ...

Ethanol affected the ability of murine embryonic palate mesenchymal (MEPM) cells to produce cAMP in response to hormone treatment. Acute exposure to ethanol resulted in an increase in hormone-stimulated cAMP levels, while chronic ethanol treatment led to decreased sensitivity to hormone. Forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels were decreased by both acute and chronic ethanol ...

A series of ileal pouchograms from 25 consecutive patients has been analysed retrospectively. Ileal pouchography may demonstrate abnormalities which delay closure of the covering ileostomy. The aim was to determine whether disruption of the ileoanal anastomosis and/or leak at pouchography correlated with pelvic sepsis after ileostomy closure. Disruption of the stapled ileoanal ...

Based on m parametric images (PIs) derived from a dynamic series (DS), each pixel of DS is regarded as an m-dimensional vector. Given one set of normal samples (pixels) N and another of abnormal samples A, probability density functions (pdfs) of both sets are estimated. Any unknown sample is classified into N or A by calculating the probability of its being in the ...

This study attempts to resolve the conflicting literature relative to contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and soft contact lens wear. Contrast sensitivity was measured at six spatial frequencies for nineteen subjects (38 eyes) when corrected with both spe...

This study examined the effect of alcohol on contrast sensitivity at normal levels of illumination. Contrast sensitivity was measured, using the Vistech VCTS 6500 Test Charts, on two groups - an alcohol group with peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) le...

This study aimed to determine the overall accuracy of known enhancement patterns for the characterization of a large series of focal hepatic masses on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images. Breath-hold T1-weighted images of the liver acquired before intravenous gadolinium administration and serially over 6-10 min after contrast injection ...

Determination of left ventricular function with tomographic radionuclide angiocardiography using a seven-pinhole collimator was evaluated by comparing results of invasive contrast studies and planar multigated blood pool imaging to the tomographic study of 25 patients. LAO, seven-pinhole multigated blood pool acquisition was reconstructed to produce eight slices from apex to ...

We have compared technetium-99m (99mTc) red blood cell (RBC) venography to serial impedance plethysmography (IPG) in 110 consecutive patients with a first episode of clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT). IPG was performed at Day 0 and, if abnormal, contrast venography was also performed to rule out a falsely positive result. Patients with an ...

... KR Boff, L. Kaufman and JP Thomas (Eds.), New York: John Wiley and ... Ginsburg, AP, Easterly, J. and Evans, D. (1983) Contrast sensitivity predicts ...

Jul 8, 1994 ... Motion-Contrast Sensitivity: Visibility of Motion Gradients of Various Spatial Frequencies. Journal of the Optical Society of America A ...

... Accession Number : ADA141443. Title : Effects of Soft Contact Lenses on Contrast Sensitivity. Descriptive Note : Master's thesis. ...

... the following conditions: moving (three velocities) vs. ... and set contrast thresholds for letter ... Sensitivity, Moving targets, Stimuli, Velocity, Response. ...

... Title : Contrast Sensitivity of the Human Visual System at One Luminance Level While Adapted to a Stimulus at Another Luminance Level. ...

Schizotypal personality disorder is a personality disorder in the schizophrenia spectrum, sharing genetic and neurobiologic characteristics with schizophrenia. Visual contrast detection, found to be abnormal in chronic schizophrenia, was investigated in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Since dopamine in the retina enhances visual ...

... We have been studying a family of proteins ... NEOPLASMS, CHROMOSOMES, IMMUNOASSAY, ABNORMALITIES, SKELETON, HIGH SENSITIVITY ...

BACKGROUND: Chronic orthostatic intolerance (OI) is characterized by symptoms of inadequate cerebral

The use of lasers by both the military and civilian community is rapidly expanding. Thus, the potential for and severity of laser eye injury and retinal damage is increasing. Sensitive and accurate methods to evaluate and follow laser retinal damage are needed. The multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) has the potential to meet these criteria. In this study, the mfERG was used ...

We evaluated retinal morphologic and visual functional changes in two individuals accidentally exposed to argon laser 'flashback' from an incorrectly placed laser protective filter while viewing a routine argon laser trabeculoplasty. These exposures, measured in the absence of a patient's eye, are in the region of the maximal permissible exposure. The patients were followed with serial visual ...

BACKGROUND: Characterization of recurrent genetic lesions in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has enabled therapeutic stratification with improved outcomes. The tumor suppressor genes, CDKN2A and CDKN2B, encoding p16(INK4a) , p14(ARF) , and p15(INK4b) have been localized to 9p21. Abnormalities of 9p21 have been reported in 10-30% of childhood ALL using conventional ...

Depressed patients show cognitive deficits that may depend on an abnormal reaction to positive and negative feedback. The precise neurochemical mechanisms responsible for such cognitive abnormalities have not yet been clearly characterized, although serotoninergic dysfunction is frequently associated with depression. In three experiments described here, we ...

Visual disturbances are a common side-effect of many antiepileptic drugs. Non-specific retino- and neurotoxic visual abnormalities, that are often reported with over-dosage and prolonged AED use, include diplopia, blurred vision and nystagmus. Some anticonvulsants are associated with specific visual problems that may be related to the mechanistic properties of the drug, and ...

Purrpose: To evaluate myocardial microvascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) using myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and to report on its diagnostic accuracy using single photon emission tomography (SPECT) as reference test. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 79 patients (25 DM; 66�11 years) who underwent simultaneous SPECT and MCE with ...

Detection and segmentation of abnormal masses within organs in Computed Tomography (CT) images of patients is of practical importance in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), treatment planning, and analysis of normal as well as pathological regions. For intervention planning e.g. in radiotherapy the detection of abnormal masses is essential for patient ...

Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) is the reference standard for x-ray-based tomographic imaging of the heart because of its high temporal resolution, but it is available in only a few centers. Quantification of coronary calcium is the most widely recognized use of EBCT for cardiac imaging. This technique requires no contrast media and provides an accurate assessment of ...

The sensitivity of our modern and past climates to changes in ocean temperature is not well known. In contrast, sensitivity tests to other known climatic ...

www.elsevier.com/locate/visres Factors limiting contrast sensitivity in experimentally amblyopic macaque monkeys

Tumor blood vessels exhibit abnormal structure and function that cause disturbed blood flow and high interstitial pressure, which impair delivery of anti-cancer agents. Past efforts to normalize the tumor vasculature have focused on inhibition of soluble angiogenic factors, such as VEGF; however, capillary endothelial (CE) cell growth and differentiation during angiogenesis ...

While exercise thallium imaging has improved sensitivity and specificity for detection of coronary artery disease (CAD), its predictive value for morbid cardiac events is unclear. Of 532 consecutive patients who underwent exercise thallium imaging, follow-up was complete in 515 (97%) after an average of 36 months (range 31 to 48). Two hundred six patients had an ...

HPV Testing Proves Sensitive in Identifying ASCUS Abnormalities That May Lead to Cervical Cancer Testing for the human papillomavirus (HPV) may help doctors and patients decide what to do about the mildly abnormal and very common Pap test result known as ASCUS (short for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance). ...

Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) utilizes compressible microbubbles behaving similarly to red blood cells. Destruction of microbubbles and observation of the gradual refill into the myocardium are key to evaluating perfusion using real-time MCE. We aimed to assess the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of qualitative MCE utilizing a 17-segment model for localization ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 20 patients before and after intravenous administration of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) in a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. Twelve of the patients had clinical and histologic diagnoses of cerebral tumor, six had hepatic tumors, one had hepatic cysts, and one had transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. ...

Abnormal renovascular reactivity, characterized by paradoxical vasoconstriction to a reduction in renal perfusion pressure (RPP) in the autoregulatory range, increased sensitivity to renal nerve stimulation (RNS), and loss of vasodilatation to acetylcholine have all been demonstrated in ischemic acute renal failure (ARF). To determine if ischemic injury ...

This chapter focuses on the effect of covert spatial attention on contrast sensitivity, a basic visual dimension where the best mechanistic understanding of attention has been achieved. I discuss how models of contrast sensitivity, as well as the confluence of psychophysical, single-unit recording, and neuroimaging ...

Mice with the autosomal recessive gene wasted (wst/wst) exhibit neurologic disorders, reduced mucosal immune responses, and abnormal DNA repair mechanisms. The wst/wst mouse has been proposed as a murine model for the human disorder ataxia telangiectasia. Experiments were designed to examine the sensitivity of T-cells from wasted mice to ionizing ...

Tumor vessels are structurally and functionally abnormal. The degree of vascularity determines a tumor's aggressiveness, as well as its radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity. Assessing tumor vascularity may help in differential diagnosis and assist therapy monitoring. Together with other imaging methods, Doppler sonography has been evaluated for the assessment of tumor ...

The efficacy of single injection thallium-201 exercise stress and rest redistribution imaging in the evaluation of myocardiacl ischemia was compared with stress electrocardiography and coronary arteriography. Thallium-201 imaging was interpreted at two levels of sensitivity in order to define the circumstances under which it best serves as a screening modality for coronary ...

The efficacy of single injection thallium-201 exercise stress and rest redistribution imaging in the evaluation of myocardial ischemia was compared with stress electrocardiography and coronary arteriography. Thallium-201 imaging was interpreted at two levels of sensitivity in order to define the circumstances under which it best serves as a screening modality for coronary ...

Scintigraphic criteria for hepatic metastases were studied by examination of 333 liver scintigrams performed on 275 patients with primary cancers of the colon or breast. Focal defects in radiocolloid distribution correctly signaled the presence of metastatic colon carcinoma in 88 percent of the patients with that disease and incorrectly pointed to only 6 percent of the patients without such ...

The new 99mTc biliary scintigraphy agents are highly sensitive and specific in detecting biliary tract disease and use of them is the initial procedure of choice in evaluating patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. Other clinically useful indications are evaluation of biliary kinetics; evaluation of patients with suspected traumatic bile leakage, gallbladder perforation, ...

Nuclear magnetic resonance proton imaging provides anatomical definition of normal and abnormal tissues with a contrast and detection sensitivity superior to those of x-ray computed tomography in the human head and pelvis and parts of the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Recent improvements in technology should lead to ...

Some visual processing deficits in developmental dyslexia have been attributed to abnormalities in the subcortical M stream and/or the cortical dorsal stream of the visual pathways. The nature of the relationship between these visual deficits and reading is unknown. The purpose of the present article was to characterize reading-related perceptual processes that may link the ...

Standard grayscale transrectal ultrasound has a poor sensitivity for detection of prostate cancer. Saturation biopsy schemes have improved prostate cancer detection rates over standard template biopsy schemes, but carry additional morbidity and cost. Enhanced ultrasound modalities (EUM), including color and power Doppler, contrast-enhancement, harmonic and ...

The distribution and severity of osteoarthritis were investigated in 56 knees by history and physical examination, assessment of knee function, radiography with and without weight-bearing, double-contrast arthrography, and 99mTc-polyphosphate bone imaging. Compartmental involvement (medial, lateral, patellofemoral) was graded independently by 2 or 3 observers for each modality ...

In islets removed from untreated streptozotocin-diabetic rats, the somatostatin-containing cells were unresponsive to changes in glucose concentration, while they did respond to raised cyclic AMP levels. By contrast, in vivo insulin treatment restored the glucose sensitivity of the somatostatin secreting cells. In addition, in vivo insulin treatment ...

ObjectiveThis study was designed to determine whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with sensitivity encoding (SENSE) could detect bone marrow involvement in patients with cranial bone marrow (CBM) metastases. DWI results obtained were compared with T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) findings.Materials and MethodsDWI with sensitivity encoding (SENSE; b value = ...

Theoretical computations of modulation transfer functions (MTF`s) of the optical system of the human eye have shown that irregular aberration consisting of a small circular segment with refractive power slightly different from the surround introduces at higher spatial frequencies ({gt}20 cpd) an enhancement of the retinal image contrast on flanks of the optimum-focus plane. ...

tivity technique to dyslexics. He showed that their contrast sensitivity was slightly reduced that the development of the visual `transient' system in dyslexics was mildly impaired, and that this might also reading, is not essential to deciding whether dyslexics have reduced tran- sient system sensitivity

Constrast sensitivity for gratings sinusoidally modulated in time and space was determined as a function of luminance and stimulus position on the retina. For a given luminance and retinal position, contrast sensitivity as a function of both spatial and t...

The effects of small, punctate foveal laser exposures on rhesus spatial contrast sensitivity were investigated. The immediate effects of such exposure revealed generalized depression in sensitivity that was transient and nearly uniform across the measured...

Background: Decision-making and reinforcement sensitivity were investigated in 23 children with ADHD and 20 healthy controls using a gambling paradigm. Methods: Children were required to choose between three alternatives that carried (A) small rewards and small penalties (advantageous), (B) large rewards and increasing penalties and (C) small rewards and increasing penalties ...

Abnormal liver test results indicate underlying liver disease; unfortunately, these tests are neither sensitive nor specific. The pattern of liver test abnormality can identify the cause and can direct further investigations. Abnormal test results should be followed by a thorough history, which often provides more ...

HPV Testing Shows Which Pap Abnormalities Need Attention Testing for the human papillomavirus (HPV) may help doctors and patients decide what to do about the mildly abnormal and very common Pap test result known as ASCUS. Findings from a major, randomized, multicenter study by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) show that HPV testing is highly ...

believe that electromagnetic radiation can also be a triggering factor for cancerous growth. In contrast for SERR Image SERR Diagnosis 2889 0.1386 Abnormal 3416 0.1394 Abnormal 3434 0.1603 Abnormal 3740 0.1791 Abnormal 3924 0.1532 Abnormal 5077 0.1106 Normal 5462 0.1247 ...

A picture which is a sample of random contrast noise is generated. The noise amplitude spectrum in each region of the picture is inversely proportional to spatial frequency contrast sensitivity for that region, assuming the observer fixates the center of ...

The thyroid hormones are synthesized by iodine. Thyroid dysfunction can develop in patients who have received treatment with iodine-containing contrast media or treatment with amiodarone. Thyrotoxicosis is a symptom due to high levels of thyroid hormone. The entity most threatened is the cardiovascular system. beta-adrenergic receptor blockade can control the heart rate. And a ...

Nonselective arterial digital arteriography (NSADA), selective parathyroid arteriography (SPA), and venous digital arteriography (VDA) were compared as methods of detecting parathyroid enlargement in 14 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing preoperative localization following unsuccessful neck surgery. All 14 had SPA and NSADA, consisting of contrast injections ...

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is a sensitive imaging biomarker for tumor cellularity. Functional diffusion maps (fDMs), which examine voxel-by-voxel changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculated from serial DWIs, have previously been applied to regions of contrast-enhancement; however, application of fDMs to ...

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is a sensitive imaging biomarker for tumor cellularity. Functional diffusion maps (fDMs), which examine voxel-by-voxel changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculated from serial DWIs, have previously been applied to regions of contrast-enhancement; however, application of fDMs to ...

Technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (/sup 99m/Tc-PYP) cardiac scintigraphy was performed in 15 rabbits with experimental Streptococcus sanguis aortic-valve infective endocarditis. The animals were imaged five to seven days after the administration of bacteria, and in each case abnormal accumulation of the tracer was visualized in the region of the aortic valve. Three types ...

Red blood cells (RBCs) play a crucial role in health and disease, and structural and mechanical abnormalities of these cells have been associated with important disorders such as Sickle cell disease and hereditary cytoskeletal abnormalities. Although several experimental methods exist for analysis of RBC mechanical properties, optical methods stand out as ...

Stathmin is a major cytosolic phosphoprotein that plays an important role in the regulation of microtubule dynamics during cell cycle progression. It has recently been proposed that the major function of stathmin is to promote depolymerization of the microtubules that make up the mitotic spindle. In this report, we tested the prediction that a deficiency in stathmin expression would result in ...

It is important to assess the viability of extremity soft tissues, as this component is often the determinant of the final outcome of fracture treatment. Microwave tomography (MWT) and sensing might be able to provide a fast and mobile assessment of such properties. MWT imaging of extremities possesses a complicated, nonlinear, high dielectric contrast inverse problem of ...

It is important to assess the viability of extremity soft tissues, as this component is often the determinant of the final outcome of fracture treatment. Microwave tomography (MWT) and sensing might be able to provide a fast and mobile assessment of such properties. MWT imaging of extremities possesses a complicated, nonlinear, high dielectric contrast inverse problem of ...

The advantage of using tissue abnormalities in wild fish as a measure of fish health is that the abnormality, unlike sensitive biochemical anomalies, cannot be said to have occurred during capture or transport. This paper is concerned with factors (chemical, physical, or biologic...

BackgroundAdenosine stress perfusion is very sensitive for detection of coronary artery disease (CAD), and yields good specificity. Standard adenosine cine imaging lacks high sensitivity, but is very specific. Myocardial tagging improves detection of wall motion abnormalities (WMAs). Perfusion and tagging cardiovascular magnetic ...

While conventional clinical visual acuity and kinetic visual fields may be essentially normal in ocular hypertension and early stages of glaucoma, other foveal aspects of vision (eg color, spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity) may be quite abnormal. Specifically, a selective vulnerability of the short wavelength ...

OBJECTIVE: Combined use of low-mechanical-index technologies and non-air-filled contrast media allows real-time sonographic assessment of the spleen. This pictorial essay focuses on several aspects of contrast-enhanced sonography of the spleen, including examination technique, clinical indications, normal findings obtained through all vascular phases, ...

BackgroundClassification method capable of recognizing abnormal activities of the brain functionality are either brain imaging or brain signal analysis. The abnormal activity of interest in this study is characterized by a disturbance caused by changes in neuronal electrochemical activity that results in abnormal synchronous ...

Arsenite, a known mitotic disruptor, causes cell cycle arrest and cell death at anaphase. The mechanism causing mitotic arrest is highly disputed. We compared arsenite to the spindle poisons nocodazole and paclitaxel. Immunofluorescence analysis of ?-tubulin in interphase cells demonstrated that, while nocodazole and paclitaxel disrupt microtubule polymerization through destabilization and ...

Arsenite, a known mitotic disruptor, causes cell cycle arrest and cell death at anaphase. The mechanism causing mitotic arrest is highly disputed. We compared arsenite to the spindle poisons nocodazole and paclitaxel. Immunofluorescence analysis of {alpha}-tubulin in interphase cells demonstrated that, while nocodazole and paclitaxel disrupt microtubule polymerization through destabilization and ...

OBJECTIVES�With increasing evidence that permanent tissue damage occurs early in the course of multiple sclerosis, it is important that treatment trials include patients in the earliest stages of the disease. For many patients with multiple sclerosis the first presentation is a clinically isolated syndrome. Not all patients with a clinically isolated syndrome develop multiple sclerosis, however, ...

Fibroblasts from patients with the severe laminopathy diseases, restrictive dermopathy (RD) and Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), are characterized by poor growth in culture, the presence of abnormally shaped nuclei and the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Here we show that the accumulation of DSB and poor growth of the fibroblasts but not the ...

The metabolism of radioactive testosterone simultaneously administered intravenously and either orally or percutaneously has been studied in seven patients with the syndrome of testicular feminization and compared with that of normal males and females. This investigation was carried out in order to determine the relative contribution to urinary 17-oxo and 17?-hydroxy androstane steroids of labeled ...

Dynamic susceptibility contrast-MRI is the most commonly used functional MRI-based method for studying changes in cerebral perfusion. However, several studies indicated a systematic overestimation of perfusion parameters compared with other imaging modalities related to the high sensitivity of dynamic susceptibility contrast-MRI for ...

A procedure specifically adapted for children of preschool age has been used to measure contrast sensitivity in emmetropic children aged 3 to 5 years. Mothers of the children acted as adult observers using the same procedure. The results show that the contrast sensitivity function of adults and children is very ...

The objects of the study were to determine: (1) whether United Kingdom ophthalmologists who used argon lasers had the elevation of colour-contrast thresholds previously discovered and (2) whether other users of argon lasers showed any unusual loss of colour vision. A total of 1072 UK ophthalmologists filled in a questionnaire about their professional use of lasers, the length ...

PurposeThe authors previously presented the results of their 2001 field investigation to rural Brazil to investigate a 336-member pedigree of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). The present work describes the yearly field investigations 2001 to 2005, utilizing a variety of highly sophisticated psychophysical and electrophysiologic procedures, in asymptomatic LHON carriers, some of whom ...

Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI is an alternative to positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for the evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with Alzheimer's disease. DSC MRI allows the construction of high resolution images of cerebral blood volume (CBV) without the use of radionuclides or ionizing radiation. ...

Apr 21, 2011 ... Studies using two different testing methods, near visual acuity and contrast ... Near visual acuity was selected to determine changes in ...

... Effects of Soft Contact Lenses on Contrast THESIS/0191At1ON ... (38 eyes) when corrected with both spectacles and soft lenses. Measured ...

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the spatial and temporal relationship between the human visual system and displayed imagery. In Experiment I, contrast sensitivity for sinusoidal gratings was determined as a function of spatial frequency, t...

The purpose of this review is to discuss the principles of ultrasound tissue characterization. We describe gray scale analysis, backscatter techniques, real-time backscatter imaging, enhancement of abnormal tissue properties with contrast agents or liposomes, and use of acoustic microscopy. Ultrasound tissue characterization offers the promise of direct ...

An unusual case in which a computed tomogram demonstrated abnormal, enlarged vessels in the right lower lobe of the lung and suggested an arteriovenous malformation is presented. A scintiangiogram showed abnormal systemic supply to this area in the aortic phase. Contrast angiography demonstrated hypertrophy of the right inferior ...

Patients with esophageal symptoms following drug ingestion underwent double-contrast upper gastrointestinal studies, and radiographic findings are described. Superficial esophageal ulceration and subtle mucosal abnormalities, which have not been seen on single-contrast radiographs, were confirmed on double-contrast ...

The relationship between data acquisition parameters and contrast in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images was studied. NMR imaging by the pulse echo technique selectively enhanced intracranial abnormalities; imaging by the inversion recovery technique heightened the difference between cerebral gray and white matter. Using a blood flow model, the authors ...

The computed tomographic appearance of the normal and abnormal thymus and its age-related changes have been described. However, there is little quantitative data regarding thymic morphology at the extremes of age and the value of thymic measurements in particular thickness, to recognize thymic abnormality. Using computed tomography the thymic morphology in ...

The four most common sight-threatening conditions in older adults in North America are cataract, ARM, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Even in their moderate stages, these conditions cause visual sensory impairments and reductions in health-related quality of life, including difficulties in daily tasks and psychosocial problems. Many older adults are free from these conditions, yet still ...

We compared a prototype long-bore (LB) high-resolution collimator with a low-energy, general-purpose collimator (LEGP) using 99mTc and /sup 123/I. The LB collimator provided a 56% improvement in tomographic resolution (autocorrelation width) over the LEGP for 99mTc; for /sup 123/I, the gain was 79%, providing substantially improved contrast for small structures. The ...

Enhanced imaging of early-stage bone abnormalities, such as primary tumors or metastases is highly required as the widely-used bone scan frequently lacks the desired sensitivity. Near IR (NIR) fluorescence imaging affords high contrast and enhanced sensitivity, as body tissue expresses minimal autofluorescence at ...

Mutations arising in dysgenic hybrids of Drosophila melanogaster were collected in the zeste-white region of the X chromosome. A preponderance of the mutations affected the zw1 locus; many of these were asociated with structural abnormalities including inversions, deficiencies, and insertions in the 3A3-4 region of the polytene chromosome map. The extreme ...

Cultures of chick embryo ovary and testis were irradiated with 1600 to 12,450 r, transplanted to the coelom of young embryos after various intervals, and allowed to develop for 10 to 12 days. Some grafts degenerated; others developed abnormally. The ovarian cortex was particularly sensitive and usually underwent destruction. In some instances ...

A patient with progressive hairy-cell leukemia and a normal genetically identical twin presented an opportunity to determine the sensitivity of this disease to high-dose alkylating-agent chemotherapy and total-body irradiation, since the marrow aplasia induced could potentially be overcome by reconstitution with normal marrow stem cells from the twin. After such therapy the ...

We have developed a new intracavity laser technique that uses a living or a fixed cell as an integral component of the laser. The cells are placed on an AlGaAs/GaAs surface-emitting semiconductor wafer and covered with a glass dielectric mirror to form a laser resonator. In this arrangement, the cells serve as optical waveguides (or lens elements) to confine (or focus) light generated in the ...

DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) represent lethal DNA damage, because they block transcription, replication, and segregation of DNA. Because of their genotoxicity, agents inducing ICLs are often used in antitumor therapy. The repair of ICLs is complex and involves proteins belonging to nucleotide excision, recombination, and translesion DNA repair pathways in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces ...

... (7) the motion-defined letter test was used on 25 patients with multiple sclerosis and 50 controls; 34/50 eyes of patients were abnormal even though ...

A new 16-day echinoid early life stage (ELS) bioassay was developed to allow for prolonged observation of possible adverse effects during embryogenesis and larval development of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris. Subsequently, the newly developed bioassay was applied to study the effects of key marine persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Mortality, morphological ...

... Defects(Materials), Cracks, Welds, Photographic contrast, Photographic images, Contours, Radiation, Sensitivity, Penetrometers, Strain gages. ...

and noise in determining sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells. More recently, a ... quired to produce a response larger than the noise (Derrington. & Lennie, 1982 ...

The authors studied the contrast sensitivity function in 40 patients with pituitary adenoma. It seems to be a good index of compression of the visual pathway in this disease, but it lacks specificity and it cannot be used alone.

The characteristics of imaging systems CID, CCD, and VIDICON were investigated in terms of the contrast sensitivity and the spectral response in the near infrared region. The object distance of 83.5 cm, the radiant flux density of 0.93 microwatts/cm2 and ...

Adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing (TD) controls underwent a rigorous psychophysical assessment that measured contrast sensitivity to seven spatial frequencies (0.5-20 cycles/degree). A contrast sensitivity function (CSF) was then fitted for each participant, from which four ...

... Title : The Effects of Various Quality Polarized Lenses on Color Vision, Stereopsis, Visual Acuity, and Contrast Sensitivity. ...

... Comparison of normative data collected in 336 eyes with data collected on patients having amblyopia, glaucoma and macular degeneration ...

... and naval science, operational warfare ... Author : VISION SCIENCES RESEARCH CORP ... INSTRUCTIONS, JUDGEMENT(PSYCHOLOGY), CLINICAL ...

... DISCUSSION timates of the impact of noise and luminance on ANVIS ... Maximum It is noteworthy that the red phosphor of a standard ...

... contrast sensitivities of neurones in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque. ... cell and cone distributions in the monkey's retina: Irplications for central ...

This is a very weak function of mask efficiency; the integration time favors masks that reduce sensitivity to aberrations at the expense of throughput. ...

... In contrast with the many person market, duopolistic behavior, bilateral monopoly bargaining and oligopolistic behavior in general appears to ...

... but are maintained by private clubs. In contrast, cross-country ski trails and hiking trails are considered high sensitivity. ...

Clinical research has demonstrated the the continuous decline of the contrast sensitivity with age results from increasing spherical aberration of the human crystalline lens. Replacing the crystalline lens with appropriate modeled pseudophakic lens can provide superior contrast sensitivity and functional vision. As ...

... the military departments and agencies for Research Development Test and ... in Army Aviator Candidates: Cycloplegia Effects and Population Norms. ...

and uncoordinated ocular growth patterns in experimental retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 39

Today's state-of the art clinical computed tomography (CT) scanners exclusively use energy-integrating, scintillation detector technology, despite the fact that a part of the information carried by the transmitted X-ray photons is lost during the detection process. Room-temperature semiconductors, like CdTe or CZT, operated in energy-sensitive photon-counting mode provide ...

Preliminary reports indicate that ultrasound contrast significantly improves the sensitivity and specificity of breast ultrasound imaging. New contrast-specific imaging modalities such as harmonic imaging (HI) may further improve the accuracy of breast ul...

Nephrotoxicity of CT Contrast Agents; CT Scans in Those With Renal Compromise; Sensitivity to CT Contrast Agents; US With CEUS as Replacement for Unenhanced CT Scan

Contrast sensitivity is the inverse of the luminance contrast required by an ... neural noise, and the network of connections between neurons at various levels in the ...... Contrast gain control in the cat visual system. Journal of ...

Antibodies Against Abnormal Glycoproteins Identified as Possible Biomarkers for Cancer Detection Scientists have found that cancer patients produce antibodies that target abnormal glycoproteins (proteins with sugar molecules attached) made by their tumors. The result of this work suggests that antitumor antibodies in the blood may provide a fruitful source ...

Encapsulated microbubble contrast agents incorporating an adhesion ligand in the microbubble shell are used for molecular imaging with ultrasound. Currently available microbubble agents are produced with techniques that result in a large size variance. Detection of these contrast agents depends on properties related to the microbubble diameter such as ...

Nonselective Losses in Foveal Chromatic and Luminance Sensitivity in Multiple Sclerosis Dovid H in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in matched normal controls. The patient group showed substantial function is frequently abnormal in demyelin- ating disease. In multiple sclerosis (MS) and recovered optic

Current strategies for detecting chromosome abnormalities in MDS/AML include FISH or traditional cytogenetics. MLPA detects abnormalities in multiple loci simultaneously, with higher resolution and throughput. Peripheral blood from 50 healthy subjects was used to establish probe-specific reference ranges, increasing MLPA sensitivity ...

The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) is routinely assessed in clinical evaluation of vision and is the primary limiting factor in how well one sees. CSF improvements are typically brought about by correction of the optics of the eye with eyeglasses, contact lenses or surgery. We found that the very act of action video game playing also enhanced ...

There is controversy regarding the role of radiological imaging for urinary tract infection (UTI). The gold standard has been the intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Yet, the IVP has a very limited value with only about 25% of children with pyelonephritis demonstrating abnormalities. Ultrasound (US) has recently been advocated as a replacement for the poorly ...

Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) has been developed to measure the birefringent properties of the human eye. In the retina, retinal nerve fiber layer and retinal pigment epitherial layer have the characteristic birefringent properties.1.2 In addition to such normal tissue, abnormal fibrous tissue of the retina can be detected by ...

Reading disability is associated with phonological problems which might originate in auditory processing disorders. The aim of the present study was 2-fold: first, the perceptual skills of average-reading children and children with dyslexia were compared in a categorical perception task assessing the processing of a phonemic contrast based on voice onset time (VOT). The medial ...

Reading disability is associated with phonological problems which might originate in auditory processing disorders. The aim of the present study was 2-fold: first, the perceptual skills of average-reading children and children with dyslexia were compared in a categorical perception task assessing the processing of a phonemic contrast based on voice onset time (VOT). The medial ...

Patients with diabetes mellitus often have ophthalmic dysfunction, as diabetic eye disease can affect the majority of the ocular structures. The present study investigated contrast sensitivity (experiment 1) and glare sensitivity (experiment 2) using Pelli-Robson and Bailey-Lovie charts in normal and diabetic patients with a range of ...

On exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy, it has been noted that the size of the left ventricle is sometimes larger on the immediate poststress image than on the 4 hour redistribution image; this phenomenon has been termed transient ischemic dilation of the left ventricle. The angiographic correlates of this finding were assessed in 89 consecutive patients who underwent both stress-redistribution ...

This paper presents a novel study investigating the influences of Magnetic Resonance (MR) image anatomical information and observer expertise on an abnormality detection task. MRI is exquisitely sensitive for detecting brain abnormalities, particularly in the evaluation of white matter diseases, e.g. multiple sclerosis (MS). For this ...

DISEASE OVERVIEW: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) results from a clonal proliferation of abnormal mast cells (MC) in one or more extracutaneous organs. DIAGNOSIS: The major criterion is presence of multifocal clusters of morphologically abnormal MC in the bone marrow. Minor diagnostic criteria include elevated serum tryptase level, abnormal ...

Purpose. This study examines whether brief periods of binocular vision could preserve stereopsis in monkeys reared with optical strabismus. Methods. Starting at 4 weeks of age, six infant monkeys were reared with a total of 30 prism diopters base-in split between the eyes. Two of the six monkeys wore prisms continuously, one for 4 weeks and one for 6 weeks. Four of the six monkeys wore prisms but ...

The tapetum is a layer of cells covering the inner surface of pollen sac wall. It contributes to anther development by providing enzymes and materials for pollen coat biosynthesis and nutrients for pollen development. At the end of anther development, the tapetum is degenerated, and the anther is dehisced, releasing mature pollen grains. In Arabidopsis, several genes are known to regulate tapetum ...

Insulin insensitivity of uncertain etiology often exists in myotonic muscular dystrophy, a multitissue, autosomal dominant disorder hypothesized to be a hereditary membrane disease. The present studies show that monocytes from patients with myotonic dystrophy fail to demonstrate the normally observed qualitative increase in insulin-binding affinity after oral glucose loading. Monocytes from 10 ...

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B is a major housekeeping complex that governs the rate of global protein synthesis under normal and stress conditions. Mutations in any of its five subunits lead to leucoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter, an inherited chronic-progressive fatal brain disease with unknown aetiology, which is among the most prevalent childhood white matter ...