Methanol is a toxic substance with extremely devastating effects upon exposure. The case described suffered from such kind of poisoning. MRI brain demonstrated necrosis bilaterally in the Putamen areas which is a classic hallmark finding. Additional Diffusion weighted imaging showed abnormal signal bilaterally in ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast has become a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting and evaluating breast abnormalities. Breast MRI is rapidly advancing, and several innovations have strong implications for improved detection, diagnostic accuracy, and treatment monitoring. This article describes select areas of recent ...

... flowing through a particular area of the brain Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) MRI To identify very early ...

Carotid Endarterectomy; Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty; Cognitive Aspects; Diffusion Weighted MRI

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between EEG abnormalities and the pattern of MRI changes in familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (fCJD) patients with E200K mutation. As part of a controlled, prospective study, 13 E200K fCJD patients underwent comprehensive evaluations, with EEG and an extensive MRI protocol that ...

A 16-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of the motorbike accident On admission, her consciousness was alert, and she had lower lip laceration and left femur open wound. Brain CT showed no abnormality, but chest CT revealed slight left lungs sprain and her left femur was fractured in the radiograph. Debridement and the art of the steel wire pulling of the left ...

... paper, we describe a method for segmenting fiber bundles from diffusion- weighted magnetic resonance images using a locally-constrained region ...

Although dementia is a clinical diagnosis, neuroimaging often is crucial for proper assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) may identify nondegenerative and potentially treatable causes of dementia. Recent neuroimaging advances, such as the Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB) ligand for positron emission tomography imaging in Alzheimer�s disease, ...

The Complete Fourier Direct (CFD) MRI method introduced in earlier work for modeling the diffusion weighted MRI signal is compared with the existing methods. The preservation of Hermitian symmetry in the diffusion weighted MRI signal without affecting ...

Purpose: To investigate the value of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in differentiating persistent or recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) from nontumoral postradiotherapeutic alterations. Methods and Materials: In 26 patients with suspicion of persistent or recurrent HNSCC, ...

Recent human studies indicate that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, particularly diffusion weighted imaging, detects abnormalities within the descending cortico-spinal tract following stroke. Whether these changes are directly related to processes of axonal degeneration and how MR changes (e.g. apparent diffusion coefficient of water ...

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) makes it possible to measure early changes in cellular function in the central nervous system. The purpose of this article is to discuss the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in different pediatric cerebral disorders. First, the principles of DWI and DTI are briefly reviewed. The clinical usefulness of ...

PurposeTo investigate the utility of a proposed clinical diffusion imaging scheme for rapidly generating multiple b-value diffusion contrast in brain MRI with high SNR.Materials and MethodsOur strategy for efficient image acquisition relies on the invariance property of the diffusion tensor eigenvectors to b-value. A simple addition to the conventional DTI data acquisition ...

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is described which, in contrast to echo planar imaging (EPI), is insensitive to off-resonance effects caused by tissue susceptibility differences, magnetic field inhomogeneities, or chemical shifts. The sequence combines a diffusion ...

Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) has been proposed as a method to evaluate the integrity of white matter tracts in the spinal cord. The integrity of the spinal cord reflects the exact stage of traumatic injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of DWI in SCIWORA in the thoracic spine. A total of five patients with thoracic SCIWORA ...

We report a 4-year-old child with a mesenteric mass, which on ultrasound, CT and conventional MRI appeared solid, raising lymphoma as a possible diagnosis. Diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI), however, suggested a low-cellularity lesion, making lymphoma less likely. Biopsy confirmed lymphangioma. ...

Diffusion-weighted images based on magnetic resonance reveal the microstructure of tissues by monitoring the random movement of water molecules. In this study, we investigated whether this new technique could visualize pathologic lesions on ulnar nerve in cubital tunnel. Six elbows in six healthy males without any symptoms and eleven elbows in ten patients with cubital tunnel ...

We treated a 25-year-old woman with encephalitis. Following delivery, the patient developed fever, consciousness disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, and progressive motor dysfunction. In addition, mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in the lung, though there was no evidence of such infection in the central nervous system. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a slight elevation of mononuclear ...

We report serial changes of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with V180I mutation (CJD180). DWI abnormalities in our patient were more predominantly observed in the left cerebral cortex than left basal ganglia. Hemilateral abnormalities progressed over 5 ...

We analyzed the phenomenon of transient regional diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) hyperintensity in a series of status epilepticus (SE) patients with respect to seizure type, epileptogenic lesions and EEG findings. A prospective series of 54 patients (30 men, 24 women, mean age 61.5 years) admitted with SE was analyzed with regard to clinical semiology, EEG ...

We present a case of Rocky Mountain spotted fever encephalitis in a child imaged utilizing diffusion-weighted MRI. Although the imaging and clinical manifestations of this entity have been previously described, a review of the literature did not reveal any such cases reported in children utilizing diffusion-weighted imaging. The ...

The clinical diagnosis of Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) can be difficult. Acute demyelination of the corpus callosum is characteristic of the disease. The authors report the use of MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in six cases of acute MBD. They show that apparent diffusion coefficient restriction of the corpus callosum and cortical lesions were associated with a higher ...

This report describes a novel imaging technology for the evaluation of stroke patients. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can visualize hyperacute ischemic stroke which cannot be seen on computed tomography; moreover, it only takes few minutes to scan. We believe that diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, rather than routine computed tomography, should be ...

Each k-space segment in multishot diffusion-weighted MRI is affected by a different spatially varying phase which is caused by unavoidable motions and amplified by the diffusion-encoding gradients. A proper image reconstruction therefore requires phase maps for each segment. Such maps are commonly derived from two-dimensional navigators at relatively low ...

OBJECTIVE: Diffusion-weighted MRI is increasingly applied in the body. It has been recognized for some time, on the basis of scientific experiments and studies in the brain, that the calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient by simple monoexponential relationship between MRI signal and b value does not fully account for tissue ...

A 78-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with repeated attacks of headache and visual hallucinations, which had begun 10 days before. He also displayed left hemispatial neglect and left homonymous hemianopsia during attacks. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an abnormal high-intense area in the right occipital lobe on ...

BackgroundReversible focal lesions in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) or reversible splenial lesion syndrome are rare and little is known about their pathophysiology.Case summaryThe authors describe a case of a 65-year-old female who presented with fever, abnormal behaviour and mild hypernatremia. She was on neuropsychiatric treatment for bipolar disorder but denied ...

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-neuroradiological entity with typical symptoms and symmetric high-signal intensity lesions in the bilateral parieto-occipital lobes on T2-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI. We described three patients with PRES of varied etiologies. Patient 1 was a young man with severe hypertension who ...

We report a patient with neonatal Coxsackie B2 meningo-encephalitis in whom magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be performed serially from the early stage of the disease. The patient was a 12-day-old girl born at a gestational age of 37 weeks. She was hospitalized due to poor suckling. During her hospital stay, she developed clonic seizures in the right upper and lower ...

Objective: Segmental liver hyperintensity can be observed in malignant biliary obstruction on diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI). We describe MRI findings associated with this sign and evaluate whether DW-MRI segmental hyperintensity has any relationship with serum alanine ...

The purpose of this research is to develop a non-invasive predictor of malignancy in breast tumors using novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. The hypothesis is that the spatial distribution of microvasculature around a breast lesion is speci...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) ventriculoencephalitis is a rare but serious potential complication of CMV infection in immunocompromised patients. Characteristic diffusion-weighted imaging findings can be helpful for the diagnosis of CMV ventriculitis, as in this case report. PMID:21849359

The processes of tumor growth and treatment response are associated with the upregulation of numerous proteins, yet current clinical imaging methods of cancer characterization monitor only gross morphology. This study combines in vivo diffusion-weighted m...

, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 45 by tessellations of an icosahedron. This procedure produces directions that are equally separated in angle from one, the density of points on the spher- ical surface) is controlled by the tessellation level, which is input

Organophosphate intoxication induces neural toxicity as demonstrated in histological analysis of poisoned animals. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) enables early noninvasive characterization of biological tissues based on their water diffusion characteristics. Our objectives were to study the application of MRI for assessment of ...

Recent studies in rodents have demonstrated that diffusion imaging is highly sensitive to differences in myelination. These studies suggest that demyelination/dysmyelination cause increases in the radial diffusivity from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements and decreases in the restricted diffusion component from high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging experiments. In ...

The diffusion weighted MR signal is modeled using particle methods. The model shows that the signal is the Fourier transform of the distribution function of the number of spins at the initial time at a given position with a given displacement integral value. The distribution function is computed via Fourier transform steps that keep the Hermitian property ...

To study the application of diffusion weighted imaging and image post processing in the diagnosis of stroke, especially in acute stroke, 205 patients were examined by 1.5 T or 1.0 T MRI scanner and the images such as T1, T2 and diffusion weighted images were obtained. Image post processing was ...

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactacidosis and stroke-like episode (MELAS) syndrome is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous mitochondrial disorder with a clinical onset between the first and third decade. The clinical hallmark is the stroke-like-episode, which mimicks ischemic stroke but is usually transient and non-disabling in nature. The morphological equivalent on ...

Acute vestibular syndrome may be due to vestibular neuritis (VN) or posterior circulation strokes. Bedside ocular motor testing performed by experts is superior to early MRI in excluding strokes. We sought to demonstrate that differentiation of strokes from VN in our stroke unit is reliable. During a prospective study at a tertiary hospital over 1 year, patients with AVS were ...

... abnormalities more clearly. In most MRI devices, an electric current is passed ... in the machine, and these signals are used to produce digital ...

This paper introduces and analyzes a linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimator using a Rician noise model and its recursive version (RLMMSE) for the restoration of diffusion weighted images. A method to estimate the noise level based on local estimations of mean or variance is used to automatically parametrize the estimator. The restoration ...

This paper proposes a methodology to segment near-tubular fiber bundles from diffusion weighted magnetic resonance images (DW-MRI). Segmentation is simplified by locally reorienting diffusion information based on large-scale fiber bundle geometry. Segmentation is achieved through simple global statistical modeling of diffusion ...

Diffusion-weighted MRI provides image contrast that is dependent on the molecular motion of water. Diffusion-weighted imaging is the most reliable method for early detection of cerebral ischemia, for the definition of infarct core, and for the differentiation of acute ischemia from other disease processes that mimic stroke. Diffusion ...

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) can complement MRI of the prostate in the detection and localization of prostate cancer, particularly after previous negative biopsy. A total of 13 original reports and 2 reviews published in 2010 demonstrate that prostate cancer can be detected by DWI due to its increased cell density and decreased ...

Objective:To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.Design:Case report; literature review.Findings:Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from ...

Many goals and challenges of research in natural or synthetic porous media are mirrored in quantitative medical MRI. This review will describe examples where MR techniques used in porous media (particularly diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)) are applied to physiological pathologies. Tissue microstructure is one area with great overlap with porous media ...

Chronic stress has detrimental effects on physiology, learning and memory and is involved in the development of anxiety and depressive disorders. Besides changes in synaptic formation and neurogenesis, chronic stress also induces dendritic remodeling in the hippocampus, amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. Investigations of dendritic remodeling during development and treatment of stress are ...

MRI of the kidney currently makes the transition from depiction of morphology to assessment of function. Functional renal imaging methods provide information on diffusion and perfusion on a microstructural level. This review article presents the current status of functional renal imaging with focus on DWI (diffusion-weighted imaging) and ...

... developmental deficits No evidence for damage to or loss of neurons or ... Special Safety Categories�MRI Abnormalities 2006: Increased T2 MRI signal abnormality ...

CNS tuberculosis remains relatively frequent in endemic regions. Both CT and MRI are valuable for diagnosis. Even though non-specific, MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging and proton spectroscopy is more sensitive than CT for detection of some lesions. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the imaging features of CNS ...

Purpose. We retrospectively evaluated our experience with stenting of the vertebral artery in an effort to determine the risk of distal embolization associated with the procedure. Methods. Between June 2000 and May 2005, 35 patients with 38 stenting procedures for atherosclerotic disease of the vertebral origin in our institution were identified. The average age of the patients was 60.3 years ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating between minimal fat angiomyolipoma (MFAML) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). Forty-one solid renal tumors without visible macroscopic fat on unenhanced computed tomography images were evaluated by MRI, ...

A 37-year-old male transported by an ambulance with severe pulsating headache after transient was scintillating scotoma and right hemianopia. He had experienced migraine attacks 2-10 times every year since he was 22 years old. His initial vital signs were stable, the neurological findings while he rested in bed were normal and the head CT examination showed no abnormality. MR ...

BackgroundNew intraparenchymal brain injury on MRI is observed in 36�73% of neonates after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Brain immaturity in this population is common. We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after neonatal cardiac surgery, using a high flow CPB protocol, hypothesizing that ...

A 36-year-old man who was poorly compliant with his antihypertensive medication regimen was admitted to our hospital because he had nausea and an altered mental status. His disorientation increased on admission. His blood pressure was 219/156 mmHg. No focal neurologic deficits were detected, but a cranial computed tomography (CT) performed on admission revealed a low-density area in the brainstem ...

Physical abuse associated with nonaccidental trauma (NAT) affects approximately 144,000 children per year in the USA and, frequently, these injuries affect the developing brain. Most infants with suspected NAT are initially evaluated by skull X-rays and computed tomography to determine whether fractures are present, the severity of the acute injury and the need for urgent neurosurgical ...

We present a method for registering histology and in vivo imaging that requires minimal microtoming and is automatic following the user�s initialization. In this demonstration we register only one hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained histological slide containing a 9L glioma brain tumor in a rat with a diffusion weighted, in vivo 7T ...

INTRODUCTION: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has become a reference MRI technique for the evaluation of neurological disorders. Few publications have investigated the application of DWI for inflammatory demyelinating lesions. The purpose of the study was to describe diffusion-weighted imaging characteristics of acute, spinal ...

A 58-year-old female with a non-resectable ventricular cancer was followed by conventional 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis and abdomen including diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI). B-values were 0 and 1,000 seconds/mm2, and the apparent diffusion coefficient was calculated. At one control, ovarian metastases were detected by DWI, but ...

CT is currently the mainstay in staging malignant lymphoma in children, but the risk of second neoplasms due to ionizing radiation associated with CT is not negligible. Whole-body MRI techniques and whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in particular, may be a good radiation-free alternative to CT. DWI is characterized by high sensitivity for the ...

Abstract. In this paper we present a framework for unsupervised segmentation of white matter fiber traces obtained from diffusion weighted MRI data. Fiber traces are compared pairwise to create a weighted undirected graph which is partitioned into coherent sets using the normalized cut (Ncut) criterion. A simple and yet effective ...

In this paper we present a framework for unsupervised segmentation of white matter fiber traces obtained from diffusion weighted MRI data. Fiber traces are compared pairwise to create a weighted undirected graph which is partitioned into coherent sets using the normalized cut (Ncut) criterion. A simple and yet effective method for ...

The concept of the ischemic penumbra was formulated 30 years ago based on experiments in animal models showing functional impairment and electrophysiological disturbances with decreasing flow to the brain below defined values (the threshold for function) and irreversible tissue damage with the blood supply further decreased (the threshold for infarction). The perfusion range between these ...

Movement artifacts and other sources of noise are a matter of concern particularly in the neuroimaging research of movement disorders such as Huntington�s disease (HD). Using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and fractional anisotropy (FA) as a compound marker of white matter integrity, we investigated the ...

Movement artifacts and other sources of noise are a matter of concern particularly in the neuroimaging research of movement disorders such as Huntington's disease (HD). Using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and fractional anisotropy (FA) as a compound marker of white matter integrity, we investigated the effect of movement on HD specific changes in ...

Serial ultrasound scans and conventional and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed on 16 neonates who presented with seizures. The Apgar scores were normal and subsequently no metabolic or infective cause could be found. The aim of the study was to evaluate the extent to which early sequential imaging can ...

Skin microcirculation plays an important role in diseases such as chronic venous insufficiency and diabetes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide quantitative information with a better penetration depth than other noninvasive methods, such as laser Doppler flowmetry or optical coherence tomography. Moreover, successful MRI skin studies have ...

The effects of the anti-vascular agent ZD6126 were studied in volume matched subcutaneous DU-145 human prostate cancer xenografts in SCID mice using two different MRI techniques, diffusion and vascular imaging. Diffusion weighted MRI was performed before and at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h following a single dose of 200 ...

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a tauopathy, presenting clinically most often with a symmetrical akinetic-rigid syndrome, postural instability, supranuclear gaze palsy and frontal dementia. In the absence of reliably validated biomarkers, the diagnosis of PSP in vivo is presently based on clinical criteria, which to date do not include supporting imaging findings, as is accepted for other ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the assessment of chronic pancreatitis. By standard MRI techniques, decreased parenchymal signal on T1-weighted fat-suppressed images and delayed gradual enhancement on serial contrast enhanced images represent fibrotic changes caused by chronic inflammation. Magnetic resonance ...

ObjectiveIn order to assess the incidence of thromboembolic events and their clinical presentations, the present study prospectively examined routine brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) taken within 48 hours after a coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms.MethodsFrom January 2006 to January 2008, 163 cases of coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm were performed along with ...

MRI is currently the most promising imaging modality for prostate cancer diagnosis due to its high resolution and multiparametric nature. However, currently there is no standard for integration of diagnostic information from different MRI sequences. We propose a method to increase the diagnostic accuracy of MRI by correlating biopsy ...

Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) has received more attention recently, especially from uroradiologists, owing to its role in the characterization of renal lesions. Moreover, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), a value calculated based on DW-MRIs, has been used to analyze renal lesions quantitatively. However, many factors ...

Anti-angiogenic agents targeting brain tumor neovasculature may increase progression-free survival in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. However, when these patients do recur it is not always apparent as an increase in enhancing tumor volume on MRI, which has been the standard of practice for following patients with brain tumors. Therefore alternative methods are ...

Anti-angiogenic agents targeting brain tumor neovasculature may increase progression-free survival in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. However, when these patients do recur it is not always apparent as an increase in enhancing tumor volume on MRI, which has been the standard of practice for following patients with brain tumors. Therefore alternative methods are ...

Background and purposeTransient global amnesia (TGA) is characterized by sudden anterograde and retrograde amnesia lasting for up to 24 hours. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in cases of TGA and ischemia demonstrates a high frequency of high signal intensities restricted to the hippocampus, and this has been proposed as an etiology of TGA. The aims of this ...

Study Type - Diagnostic (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence?2b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? This article reviews what is currently known about diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) in prostate cancer. This mini-review concisely summarises, for clinical managing patients with prostate ...

The case of an adolescent female patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and stroke-like hemiparesis demonstrates a typical manifestation of methotrexate-induced acute encephalopathy. This rare entity occurs both in children and adults and can result from intrathecal as well as high dose intravenous administration of methotrexate. Diagnosis can confidently be made using cerebral ...

, diffusion tensor estimation); Software available: http:// white.stanford.edu/software) � Tractography � DTI: diffusion-weighted, single-shot, spin-echo, EPI sequence; 30 non-collinear directions, TE~=70ms organization of high-level vision in the brain1,2,3,4. Here we combine fMRI and DTI probabilistic tractography

Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy may be caused by endogenous or exogenous toxins. It may reverse clinically if the offending agent is withdrawn or the underlying condition is treated. However, demonstration of reversibility on imaging, especially with diffusion-weighted MRI, has been reported only very recently. We report two such cases.

synthetic and real fiber trace data. Segmentations are visualized as colored stream-tubes or transformed synthetic datasets and fiber traces from real diffusion weighted MRI. Results are visualized using both the method is tested on synthetically generated fiber traces in 2-D. � In figure 3 real fiber traces obtained

for the analysis of human brains in the context of mental health research, i.e. to distinguish between healthy with schizophrenia were detected with this tecnique. �In particular, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) data were.e., healthy and unhealthy). The final goal was to select the best representation which would characterize

AbstractIn patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), nodal metastases are an adverse prognostic factor compromising long term patient survival. Therefore, accurate detection of regional nodal metastases is required for optimization of treatment. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remain the primary imaging modalities for locoregional ...

A long-standing problem in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the noise-induced bias in the magnitude signals. This problem is particularly pressing in diffusion MRI at high diffusion-weighting. In this paper, we present a three-stage scheme to solve this problem by transforming noisy nonCentral Chi signals to noisy Gaussian signals. ...

A long-standing problem in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the noise-induced bias in the magnitude signals. This problem is particularly pressing in diffusion MRI at high diffusion-weighting. In this paper, we present a three-stage scheme to solve this problem by transforming noisy nonCentral Chi signals to noisy Gaussian signals. ...

A long-standing problem in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the noise-induced bias in the magnitude signals. This problem is particularly pressing in diffusion MRI at high diffusion-weighting. In this paper, we present a three-stage scheme to solve this problem by transforming noisy nonCentral Chi signals to noisy Gaussian signals. ...

BACKGROUND: Accurate pretreatment assessment of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness is important in decision making. Gleason grade is a critical predictor of the aggressiveness of PCa. Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies (TRUSBxs) show substantial undergrading of Gleason grades found after radical prostatectomy (RP). Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging ...

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a serious, potentially fatal acute or subacute neurological disorder caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency. Although it is most frequently observed in patients who are chronic alcoholics, WE may also be associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. We report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion ...

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) provides image contrast that is different from that obtained by conventional magnetic resonance techniques. Although previously, DWI has been used to evaluate various diseases of the central nervous system, several technical advances have expanded the clinical applications of DWI beyond the central nervous system. As a ...

The use of novel imaging techniques that have the ability to evaluate tumour biology and function shows a great deal of promise in providing early surrogate biomarkers of response to therapy which may allow for individualised or patient-specific regimes. This would have considerable clinical benefit in allowing for a treatment regimen tailored accordingly to meet the expected response, thereby ...

Every year, manufacturers of MRI machines introduce new sequences. Most of them result in improved spatial resolution and signal contrast, occasionally with a decrease in sequence duration or MRI time (as when a single 3D sequence is substituted for three 2D sequences). Some sequences that are specifically designed to obtain structural or functional ...

Cerebral lesions were studied in 2 methanol-poisoned patients using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In 1 patient, diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) was also performed. In this patient, conventional MRI showed symmetrical, bilateral increased signal in the lentiform nuclei, involving predominantly ...

Staging of rectal cancer is essential to help guide clinicians to decide upon the correct type of surgery and determine whether or not neoadjuvant therapy is indicated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently one of the most accurate modalities on which to base treatment decisions for patients with rectal cancer. MRI can accurately detect the ...

Staging of rectal cancer is essential to help guide clinicians to decide upon the correct type of surgery and determine whether or not neoadjuvant therapy is indicated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently one of the most accurate modalities on which to base treatment decisions for patients with rectal cancer. MRI can accurately detect the ...

The MRI manifestations of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy (HE) can vary from normal appearance, ischemic lesions, demyelination, vasogenic edema to atrophy. The diverse MRI features of HE reported in the literature made it difficult to understand the pathological process and monitoring the prognosis. To investigate the dynamic changes of ...

We present the MRI findings of six patients with angiographically documented moyamoya disease. All patients underwent CT and MRI, and MRI findings were compared with those of CT. In two patients both preoperative and postoperative MRI were performed. Most of the abnormalities secondary to ...

A difficulty encountered in the diagnosis of patients with gliomas is the differentiation between recurrent disease and Radiation Induced Necrosis (RIN). Both can appear as �enhancing lesions� on a typical T2 weighted MRI scan. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and Diffusion Weighted MRI (DWMRI) have the ...

Prostate cancer is a major health problem and the exploration of noninvasive imaging methods that have the potential to improve specificity, while maintaining high sensitivity is still critically needed. Tissue changes induced by tumor growth can be visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Current MRI methods include conventional ...

PurposeTo examine diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) for assessing the early tumor response to photodynamic therapy (PDT).Materials and MethodsSubcutaneous tumor xenografts of human prostate cancer cells (CWR22) were initiated in athymic nude mice. A second-generation photosensitizer, Pc 4, was delivered to each animal by a tail vein ...

Functional imaging by means of dynamic multiphase contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is now part of the standard imaging protocols for evaluation of the female pelvis. DCE-MRI and DW-MRI are ...

We report a case of pseudomigraine with pleocytosis (PMP) characterized by temporary neurological deficits and elevated cell counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A 28-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a second episode of right side throbbing headache accompanied by hemianopsia without scintillating scotoma of left side, hand numbness and weakness of left hand. Two months before the ...

ObjectiveWe wanted to differentiate between transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke using fractional anisotropy and three-dimensional (3D) fiber tractography.Materials and MethodsThe clinical data, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were obtained ...

... Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used as an imaging tool for detecting and diagnosing abnormalities and diseases in soft tissue. ...

... Dandy-Walker Malformation. Syringomyelia, however, features a closed cavity and ... resonance imaging (MRI), which reveals abnormalities in the anatomy ...

Endothelial Dysfunction; Myocardial Perfusion Abnormalities; Cardiac MRI Perfusion With Vasomotor Stress; Diabetes

MRI is a useful supplement to USG for the assessment of fetal brain malformations. Superior soft tissue contrast and the ability to depict sulcation and myelination are the strengths of MRI. Subtle or inconclusive USG abnormalities can be confirmed or ruled out by MRI. In some cases, additional findings detected ...

Double pulsed-field gradient (d-PFG) MRI can provide quantitative maps of microstructural quantities and features within porous media and tissues. We propose and describe a novel MRI phantom, consisting of wafers of highly ordered glass capillary arrays (GCA), and its use to validate and calibrate a d-PFG MRI method to measure and map ...

Double pulsed-field gradient (d-PFG) MRI can provide quantitative maps of microstructural quantities and features within porous media and tissues. We propose and describe a novel MRI phantom, consisting of wafers of highly ordered glass capillary arrays (GCA), and its use to validate and calibrate a d-PFG MRI method to measure and map ...

The processes of tumor invasion and metastasis have been well characterized at the molecular level, and numerous biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness have been discovered. Molecular imaging offers the opportunity to depict specific cell markers relevant to tumor aggressiveness. Here, we describe the role of MRI in identifying tumor invasiveness and metastasis with reference to ...

Noninvasive evaluation of hepatic tumor response is necessary to improve the survival rate and quality of life of cancer patients. Among radiologic imaging modalities, MRI plays a significant role in the management of patients with hepatic tumor and is crucial for diagnosis, treatment planning and assessment of response or recurrence, because of its high contrast resolution, ...

Imaging techniques are important for accurate diagnosis and follow-up of patients with gliomas. T1-weighted MRI, with or without gadolinium, is the gold standard method. However, this technique only reflects biological activity of the tumour indirectly by detecting the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, especially for low-grade glioma or after treatment, ...

Auditory processing abnormalities in schizotypal personality disorder: An fMRI experiment using personality disorder; Auditory; Schizophrenia; fMRI; MRI; Imaging; Tone processing; Evoked potential; ERP; Mismatch negativity; Pitch; Frequency; Duration; MMN 1. Introduction Auditory sensory processing has been

In this work we report on the development of a novel technique for high-resolution diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI based upon 3D steady-state free precession (3D-SSFP). First the 3D-SSFP acquisition was segmented (each segment consisting of a series of RF pulses and gradient-recalled echoes), and then DW-driven equilibrium (DE) was inserted between each ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess denervated muscle perfusion using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSCMRI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and to measure denervated muscle apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on b1000 diffusion-weighted MRI (DWMRI) at 3�T in order to clarify whether muscle denervation ...

Abstract Objective: To demonstrate the visualization of penile abnormalities on fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: This retrospective study included five fetuses (25+0 to 31+6 gestational weeks) with penile abnormalities, positively depicted on fetal MRI, using prenatal ultrasonography (US) as a ...

MRI has emerged for several years as the imaging examination of second-line indications in the majority of female pelvic imaging, after ultrasonography. Recent technical advances have allowed the widespread use of new MRI sequences, allowing a morphological and functional analysis of the pelvic organs. Diffusion ...

A gold standard for the validation of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in brain white matter (WM) is essential for clinical purposes but still not available. Synthetic anisotropic fiber bundles are proposed as phantoms for the validation of DW-MRI because of their well-known structure, their ...

Intramedullary spinal cord abscess (ISCA) is a rare infection of the central nervous system. We describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, including the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings, of ISCA in a 78-year-old man. The initial conventional MRI of the thoracic spine demonstrated a subtle enhancing nodule accompanied by significant ...

We report the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a 29-year-old woman with anterior chest wall pain following blunt trauma, with special emphasis on the value of diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS). Although a rib contusion could be depicted at (fat-suppressed) T2-weighted MRI, anatomical ...

Diffusion-weighting in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) increases the sensitivity to molecular Brownian motion, providing insight in the micro-environment of the underlying tissue types and structures. At the same time, the diffusion weighting renders the scans sensitive to other motion, including bulk patient ...

A 59-year-old Japanese man presented with depressed mood, insomnia, abnormal behavior and dementia. Visual and gait disturbance with ataxia also developed. Diffusion-weighted MRI showed widespread regions of hyperintensity in the bilateral cerebral cortex. The patient died at 62 after a progressive clinical course of 32 months. ...

Advances in neuroimaging have modified diagnosis, treatment and clinical management of brain tumors. However, neuropathological study remains necessary in order to get the best clinical management. Surgery and radiotherapy planning are imaging-dependent procedures, and MRI is the standard imaging modality for determining precisely tumor location and its anatomical relationship ...

Purpose:To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the diagnosis of different orbital masses and their advantages over conventional MRI.Materials and Methods:The study included 20 patients presenting with proptosis. Every patient was subjected to thorough clinical ...

An imaging biomarker that would provide for an early quantitative metric of clinical treatment response in cancer patients would provide for a paradigm shift in cancer care. Currently, non-image based clinical outcome metrics include morphology, clinical and laboratory parameters however, these are obtained relatively late following treatment. Diffusion-weighted ...

Twenty five adults with closed head injury who had early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were followed up 5 to 18 months after injury. Patients were given a repeat MRI and performed a series of neuropsychological tests. They were classified by the deepest abnormality detectable on scanning. Classifications ...

Pathological lesions of the verteberal bone marrow usually replace, to a variable degree, its normal constituents. This represents a diagnostic dilemma, predominantly in old patients with high possibility of osteoporotic vertebral collapse. In this study we assessed the potentials of diffusion weighted images ( DWIs ) and T2 * GRE WIs in differentiation of ...

Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is an imaging technique which provides tissue contrast by the measurement of diffusion properties of water molecules within tissues. Diffusion is expressed in an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which reflects the diffusion properties unique to each type of tissue. DWI has been originally used in ...

We report a case of an unusual epidermoid cyst (EC) of the cerebellopontine angle that appeared hyperdense on computed tomography (CT) scanning, hyperintense on T1-weighted MR images and hypointense on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. Diffusion-weighted imaging showed a hypointense lesion. We discuss imaging characteristics of ECs, explain the atypical findings in ...

MRI examination of 41 patients with clinical definite multiple sclerosis showed white matter lesions of high proton T2 signal consistent with demyelination in 76% and CSF abnormalities present in 76%. Of patients with CSF abnormalities, 26% had normal MRI scans; conversely 26% of patients with ...

AbstractDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) is sensitive to tissues' biophysical characteristics, including apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and volume fractions of water in different populations. In this work, we evaluate the clinical efficacy of DWMRI and high diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (HDWMRI), acquired up to ...

Purpose: To evaluate diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI as a noninvasive tool to investigate major salivary gland function before and after radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods and Materials: DW-MRI was performed in 8 HNC patients before and after parotid-sparing RT (mean dose to the contralateral parotid gland <26 ...

Spin-echo diffusion-weighted functional MRI (DW-fMRI) was performed on a rat forepaw electrostimulation model at 7 T. This small animal model used electric (rather than visual) stimulation and allowed DW-fMRI experiments to be performed over a broader range of acquisition parameters than previous work on humans and ...

The landscape of liver imaging today comprises modalities that did not even exist 40 years ago. Conversely, older methods vanished. New technological developments of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been such a rushing job that they preceded and even induced changes in medical decision ...

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling disorder histopathologically characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss. Conventional MRI has made most contributions to the diagnosis of MS. However, it is not sufficiently sensitive and specific to reveal the extent and severity of the damage in the disease. Other nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ...

Worldwide, cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in women, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Accurate tumor staging is essential for optimal treatment planning and prognosis. Cervical cancer is staged by clinical examination according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system. However, clinical staging has inherent deficiencies in ...

Cholesteatoma is often treated surgically using canal wall-preserving techniques. Clinical and otoscopic diagnosis of residual or recurrent disease after this form of surgery is unreliable and thus radiological imaging is often used prior to mandatory "second-look" surgery. Imaging needs to be able to differentiate residual or recurrent disease from granulation tissue, inflammatory tissue or fluid ...

The efficacy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying traumatic injuries of the brain was compared in a referred population of 21 amateur and professional boxers. Three boxers displayed CT scans with equivocal findings that were verified as artifacts by MRI. Eleven boxers had both CT and MRI scans ...

The high signal intensities in bilateral mesiotemporal lobes on T2-weighted images are typical findings of herpes encephalitis or paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. We report a case of neurosyphilis with mesiotemporal involvement on MRI. Positive antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the diagnosis. The results suggest that neurosyphilis should be considered when ...

The limited specificity of standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with low back pain encourages the development of new imaging techniques. Quantitative MR methods have the potential to assess biochemical changes of spinal structures in vivo. Early diagnosis of intervertebral disc and facet joint changes in young to middle aged patients allows the use of a ...

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. Current prostate MRI can benefit from automated tumor localization to help guide biopsy, radiotherapy and surgical planning. An important step of automated prostate cancer localization is the segmentation of the prostate. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic method for the segmentation of the ...

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a new high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tool that uses the paramagnetic susceptibility effects of deoxygenated blood to study the intracranial venous vasculature. We present SWI imaging findings in two children who suffered from acute arterial ischemia. Various patterns of normal/altered venous drainage could be ...

Treatment options for carcinoma of the cervix are guided by tumor stage, and include radical surgery, in cases where the tumor is confined to the cervix, or concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In those cases treated with chemoradiation, the ability to monitor the response to treatment in order to adapt the management plan during its course may be beneficial. This approach has the potential ...

Fetal choroid plexus tumors are uncommon. The prognosis is widely variable and depends on the histological findings: papilloma or carcinoma. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of choroid plexus mass detected by ultrasound at 33 weeks of gestation. Prenatal (T1, T2, T2* and diffusion weighted sequences) magnetic resonance imaging ...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and the most frequent cause of non-traumatic disability in young and middle-age adults. Although conventional MRI (including T2-weighted, pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted scans) has had a huge impact on MS by enabling an earlier diagnosis, and by ...

Isolated splenic metastasis is extremely rare. In this study, we report a case of a 52-year-old man referred for Pancoast Tobias Syndrome by which FDG PET/CT detected an isolated splenic metastasis. Diffusion-weighted MRI confirmed the isolated splenic lesion. A low apparent diffusion coefficient was consistent with a tumor lesion. CT-guided biopsy of both ...

Silent cerebral infarctions (SCI) occur in up to 35% of children with sickle cell anemia (HbSS) but are rarely recognized during the initial 10-14 days when diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can differentiate acute infarctions from remote events. We report acute SCI in seven children with HbSS who had areas of ...

INTRODUCTION: Fetal imaging has improved with the development of faster magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, obviating the requirement for sedation. It is useful in characterising abnormality of the central nervous system in fetuses with abnormal or equivocal antenatal ultrasound findings. We reviewed all cases of fetal brain ...

BACKGROUND: current diagnostic criteria of probable Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) include a combination of clinical, EEG and analytic data. Recent data indicate that brain MRI including fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences can be a valid and reliable tool for the diagnosis of CJD. We describe our experience with high ...

We present a case of subacute middle cerebral artery infarct, which demonstrates restricted diffusion on MRI and reperfusion hyperemia in the posterior half of the lesion on angiography. Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) SPECT obtained shortly after the MRI failed to demonstrate perfusion defects in the regions demonstrating reperfusion hyperemia on ...

In Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Image (DW-MRI) processing a 2nd order tensor has been commonly used to approximate the diffusivity function at each lattice point of the DW-MRI data. It is now well known that this 2nd-order approximation fails to approximate complex local tissue structures, such as fibers ...

Abstract. In Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Image (DW-MRI) processing a 2 nd order tensor has been commonly used to approximate the diffusivity function at each lattice point of the DW-MRI data. It is now well known that this 2 nd-order approximation fails to approximate complex local tissue structures, such ...

The aim of this study was to determine the value of different magnetic resonance (MR) protocols to assess early tumor response to chemotherapy. We used a murine tumor model (TLT) presenting different degrees of response to three different cytotoxic agents. As shown in survival curves, cyclophosphamide (CP) was the most efficient drug followed by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), whereas the etoposide ...

The development of MRI measures as biomarkers for neurodegenerative disease could prove extremely valuable for the assessment of neuroprotective therapies. Much current research is aimed at developing such biomarkers for use in people who are gene-positive for Huntington's disease yet exhibit few or no clinical symptoms of the disease (pre-HD). We acquired structural (T1), ...

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a demyelinating disease consisting of relapsing-remitting optic neuritis and myelitis with a more severe course than Multiple Sclerosis. Recently, it has been shown that almost 50% of patients with NMO can have brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. We report on six Brazilian patients with NMO, fulfilling the ...

Ultra-high-field clinical MRI scanners (e.g., 7 T and above) are becoming increasingly prevalent and can potentially enhance diagnostic ability through higher contrast, resolution and/or sensitivity. Diffusion-weighted MRI is a highly valued component in today's radiological exam and may benefit from the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio ...

MRI findings of a patient with dropped-head syndrome due to focal myositis of the neck extensor muscles are presented. MRI showed oedematous changes and marked enhancement of the neck extensor muscles. After therapy MRI demonstrated disappearance of the abnormal findings. PMID:16220272

Intracranial atherosclerosis is considered a cause of approximately 8% of all strokes in the western society. However, its frequency is much higher in Asian countries. In our hospital-based study, among the patients who had angiographic abnormalities, the frequency of intracranial atherosclerosis was approximately 70% far exceeding that of extratracranial atherosclerosis. ...

The capability of diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify very early ischemic brain injury better than conventional MRI is well known. This technique, which successfully discriminates acute from old infarcts, is particularly useful in patients with multiple brain infarcts (MBI). Among 142 patients with acute stroke ...

Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging enables the visualization of fibrous tissues such as brain white matter. The validation of this non-invasive technique requires phantoms with a well-known structure and diffusion behavior. This paper presents anisotropic diffusion phantoms consisting of parallel fibers. The diffusion properties of the fiber ...

Diffusion weighting in MRI is commonly achieved with the pulsed-gradient spin-echo (PGSE) method. When combined with spin-warping image formation, this method often results in ghosts due to the sample's macroscopic motion. It has been shown experimentally (Kennedy and Zhong, MRM 2004;52:1?6) that these motion artifacts can be ...

Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging is widely used in the study of the structure of the fiber pathways in brain white matter. In this work we present a new method for denoising intra-voxel axon fiber tracks. In order to improve local (voxelwise) estimations, we use the general-purpose segmentation method called Entropy-Controlled Quadratic Markov ...

Endonasal surgery is currently extending its application beyond inflammatory sinonasal lesions to successfully treat both benign and malignant neoplasms. This progression has been possible by the detailed information provided by imaging techniques (CT, MRI and PET). Inflammatory diseases are the "domain" of CT. CT provides excellent details about the thin bony sinonasal walls ...

In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been developed to image atherosclerosis and is emerging as a useful tool to assess the burden of atherosclerosis, whereas the potential influence on the diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerotic disease have not been fully determined. MRI allows for three-dimensional evaluation of vascular structures ...

Neurologic and neuropsychologic treatment related sequelae are increasingly encountered in children with cancer, but conventional means of neurologic investigation are insensitive to the presence and extent of damage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown brain damage not demonstrable by other means of investigation. For this reason, 11 children with cancer and with ...

During transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsies, the actual location of the biopsy site is rarely documented. Here, we demonstrate the capability of TRUS-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image fusion to document the biopsy site and correlate biopsy results with multi-parametric MRI findings. Fifty consecutive patients (median age 61 years) ...

Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is designated an idiopathic epilepsy syndrome, and hence no lesional abnormalities are expected on MRI exam. Recent reports suggest that MRI abnormalities are not only common, but may be specific for temporal lobe epilepsy, and lateralized to the side of EEG discharges. However, no controlled ...

Formalin-fixed brain slices from four cases of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy in which a firm diagnosis could be made both clinically and pathologically have been studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The slices were subsequently embedded in paraffin-wax or celloidin and sections were cut in the same plane as the MRI slices. There was a ...

monitor your progress after surgery Normal Results Results are considered normal if the organs and structures being examined are normal in appearance. What Abnormal Results Mean...

... TISSUES(BIOLOGY), GADOLINIUM, ABNORMALITIES, ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES, VASCULAR DISEASES, MAMMARY GLANDS ...

abnormal electrolyte and hormone levels Blood tests for syphilis and other infections Drug screens MRI of the brain Treatment Treatment depends on the cause of the psychosis....

The femoral heads of 38 normal and 20 abnormal patients were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anatomic structures can be identified on all scanning sequences if the examinations are technically satisfactory, although images with the best clarity and detail are obtained by using short echo times. MRI of patients with ...

This paper presents a study on the SPECT images of the brain with the aim of determining the hippocampus abnormality and consequently applying timely treatment. Intensity and volume features of the hippocampus from brain MRI have been shown to be useful in detecting the abnormal hippocampus in TLE. In this study, we evaluate the ...

Kidney damage Lymphadenopathy (abnormalities of the lymph nodes) Obstructed vena cava Pancreatic cancer Portal vein obstruction (liver) Renal arterial obstruction Renal vein...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of two quantitative MRI methods: diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging (DCEI), for follow-up assessment of the tibial tunnel after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). MATHERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients were ...

Liver cirrhosis is a major public health problem worldwide. Common causes of cirrhosis include hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, alcohol consumption, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cirrhotic livers are characterized by advanced hepatic fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular nodules such as regenerative nodules, dysplastic or neoplastic nodules. Cirrhosis is the strongest ...

HIV infection results in a highly prevalent syndrome of cognitive and motor disorders designated as HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Neurologic dysfunction resembling HAD has been documented in cats infected with strain PPR of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), whereas another highly pathogenic strain (C36) has not been known to cause neurologic signs. Animals experimentally infected with ...

Prostate cancer is a major health problem, and the exploration of noninvasive imaging methods that have the potential to improve specificity while maintaining high sensitivity is still critically needed. Tissue changes induced by tumor growth can be visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Current MRI methods include conventional T2-weighted ...

The diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technique can be utilized to investigate a variety of diseases. We propose an automated pilot system, which assists in the diagnosis of metabolic brain diseases, utilizing the DWI. In this study, DWI images are preprocessed and exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (eADC) images are produced. The eADC images are later brain extracted and normalized to a ...

OBJECTIVES: To describe how inflammation on MRI of the sacroiliac joints in patients with recent-onset inflammatory back pain (IBP) evolves over time, and to study determinants of activity on MRI of the sacroiliac joint. METHODS: A 2-year follow-up study with annual MRI of the sacroiliac joints was conducted in patients with IBP of ...

Most MRI studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have assessed structural, perfusion and diffusion abnormalities separately while ignoring the relationships across imaging modalities. This paper aimed to assess brain gray (GM) and white matter (WM) abnormalities jointly to elucidate differences in ...

This book reports on the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating shoulder disorders. The book gives detailed information on MRI techniques and shoulder anatomy, describes and illustrates MRI findings for a wide range of shoulder disorders, and explains how abnormalities seen on MIR images relate to ...

OBJECTIVE: MRI is routinely performed to evaluate acute complex knee injuries. This article will review the fundamental biomechanical forces underlying the most important and common injuries and correlate MRI findings with specific traumatic mechanisms. CONCLUSION: MRI findings can reveal the traumatic mechanisms in many acute knee ...

BackgroundTo assess the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) as an early surrogate parameter for treatment response of colorectal liver metastases to image-guided single-fraction ¹⁹²Ir-high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT).MethodsThirty patients with a total of 43 metastases underwent CT- or MRI-guided ...

PurposeTo evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining tumor necrosis and contrast-enhanced MRI using gadoxetic acid disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA) in determining maximum tumor size measurement and tumor delineation compared with criterion-standard histologic measurements in the rabbit VX2 liver tumor model.Materials and ...

The neocortices of 10 patients with partial seizures and acquired lesions, 14 patients with malformations of cortical development (MCD) and 33 patients with partial seizures and normal conventional MRI were quantitatively evaluated using whole brain double inversion recovery imaging (DIR) and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). Compared to a group of 30 control subjects, DIR ...

Purpose: To evaluate the use of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) for nodal staging and its impact on radiotherapy (RT) planning. Methods and Materials: Twenty-two patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), as well as MRI (with routine and DW sequences) ...

This dissertation describes briefly the Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DT-MRI or DTI) theory and experiments which have been developed to study water diffusion in the brain. Primarily, the techniques of data analysis in DTI are reviewed and extended upon in this work. My research contributions in DTI data analysis are (1) The investigation of anomalous estimates ...

Wernicke-Korsakow Syndrome (WKS) is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and usually occurs in conjunction with chronic alcohol abuse. Our report concerns a 64-year-old, nonalcoholic, woman with no history of alcohol abuse, who became ill with WKS after 3 weeks of parenteral nourishment. As an unusual initial symptom she went blind in both eyes; this was followed a few days later by impaired ...

BlackgroundIt is well-known that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can affect the central nervous system (CNS).Case presentationHerein the authors report unusual timely Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain scan findings in an immunocompetent patient with EBV encephalitis.Diffusion weighted MRI sequence performed during ...

THE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM COMPRISES ELONGATED FIBER PATHWAYS THAT REPRESENT A SERIOUS CHALLENGE FOR DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING (DTI) AND FIBER TRACTOGRAPHY: while tracking of frontal fiber bundles may be compromised by the nearby presence of air-filled cavities, nerves, and eye muscles, the anatomic courses of the three main fiber bundles of the optic radiation are subject to pronounced inter-subject ...

The human visual system comprises elongated fiber pathways that represent a serious challenge for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography: while tracking of frontal fiber bundles may be compromised by the nearby presence of air-filled cavities, nerves, and eye muscles, the anatomic courses of the three main fiber bundles of the optic radiation are subject to pronounced inter-subject ...

SYNOPSIS: The creation of a magnetic resonance image (MRI) and the inherent contrast are controlled by a variety of anatomical structure and sequence dependent parameters, which can seem confusing to the uninitiated. However, it is this feature that provides MRI with great flexibility and makes it a powerful clinical tool. This article describes the ...

We report the case of a 47-year-old patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, who became symptomatic owing to a painful metastasis of a renal cell carcinoma. Abdominal sonography, multiphase CT and MRI were performed in order to localise and resect the primary tumour, but its identification was severely hampered owing to multiple renal cysts. In addition to ...

Dr. Feng Chen is a chief medical doctor and the vice chairman of the Department of Radiology in Zhong Da Hospital at Southeast University, Nanjing, China and a senior researcher in the Department of Radiology at the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium. His main areas of interest are translational imaging research including stroke, tumor angiogenesis, assessment of therapeutic response in solid ...

Purpose: To assess the technical feasibility and the clinical results of cerebral protection with the Angioguard emboli-capture guidewire system during carotid artery stenting (CAS) for high-grade stenoses.Methods: In 20 patients 20 stenoses of the internal carotid artery were treated with stent implantation. In all patients diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging ...

Normal aging, leukoaraiosis (LA) and vascular disease particularly involve the human frontal lobes. We decided to investigate a population of elderly patients referred for neuroimaging because of progressive minor cognitive deficits but no dementia. They underwent conventional Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using axial T1 and T2-weighted imaging as well as coronal FLAIR ...

PurposeFunctional imaging biomarkers of cancer treatment response offer the potential for early determination of outcome through assessment of biochemical, physiological, and micro-environmental readouts. Cell death may result in an immunological response thus complicating interpretation of biomarker readouts. This study evaluated the temporal impact of treatment-associated inflammatory activity ...

Despite the prominence of parietal activity in human neuromaging investigations of sensorimotor and cognitive processes there remains uncertainty about basic aspects of parietal cortical anatomical organization. Descriptions of human parietal cortex draw heavily on anatomical schemes developed in other primate species but the validity of such comparisons has been questioned by claims that there ...

Purpose: In the present study, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and histology were used to assess cerebral edema and lesions in mice intoxicated by a convulsive dose of soman, an organophosphate compound acting as an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor. Methods: Three hours and 24 h after the intoxication with soman (172 {mu}g/kg), ...