Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder caused by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone either by a single adenomatous gland or by multiple adenomatous or hyperplastic glands. Surgical resection of the abnormal parathyroid glands is the standard ...

Dual isotope Tl-201/Tc-99m subtraction is a useful technique for localization of abnormal parathyroid glands. A case of tomographic localization of nonsubtracted Tl-201 to a mediastinal parathyroid is reported and the possible benefit of this method discussed.

The 4 parathyroid glands are located near or attached to the back side of the thyroid gland and produce pararthyroid hormone (PTH). Parathyroid ...

hyperparathyroidism, surgery may be needed to remove the abnormal parathyroid gland and cure the hypercalcemia. However, if your hypercalcemia is mild and caused by primary...

... surgical procedure to examine and/or remove the parathyroid glands because of disease. The parathyroid glands may be removed because of conditions such as ...

Tl-201/I-123 subtraction scintigraphy was performed in 17 patients with clinical symptoms and biochemical measurements suggestive of primary hyperparathyroidism. Nineteen abnormal sites were identified. These results were correlated with PTH measurements and surgical findings. Three sites were considered unrelated to the parathyroid ...

A major challenge in endocrine surgery is the intraoperative detection of parathyroid glands during both thyroidectomies and parathyroidectomies. Current localization techniques such as ultrasound and sestamibi scan are mostly preoperative and rely on an abnormal parathyroid for its detection. In this paper, we ...

A major challenge in endocrine surgery is the intraoperative detection of parathyroid glands during both thyroidectomies and parathyroidectomies. Current localization techniques such as ultrasound and sestamibi scan are mostly preoperative and rely on an abnormal parathyroid for its detection. In this paper, we ...

Nonselective arterial digital arteriography (NSADA), selective parathyroid arteriography (SPA), and venous digital arteriography (VDA) were compared as methods of detecting parathyroid enlargement in 14 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing preoperative localization following unsuccessful neck surgery. All 14 had SPA and NSADA, consisting of ...

Parathyroid glands play an important role in controlling calcium levels, which influence muscular contraction and neurotransmission. The number of variants, localization and ectopic positions make these glands tricky during surgical exploration. Detailed anatomical knowledge of these glands is fundamental to avoid ...

99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy with Digirad 2020tc ImagerTM (2020tc), which was a multi-crystal scintillation camera with solid-state detectors was performed for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism having autografts of parathyroid glands in the right arm. With the 2020tc camera, three abnormal ...

Current knowledge suggests that normal parathyroid glands and parathyroid adenomas have different sensitivities to environmental calcium. In search for morphological equivalents, 5 normal human and 10 porcine parathyroid glands, as well as 10 human parathyroid adenomas were ...

small piece of a parathyroid gland for examination under a microscope. The parathyroid glands are found just behind the thyroid gland on each side of the neck. See also:...

Most people have four pea-sized glands, called parathyroid glands, on the thyroid gland in the neck. Though their names are similar, the thyroid and parathyroid ...

A 42-year-old woman with hyperparathyroidism had a CT scan that was suggestive of a small nodular lesion in the left lower neck. Tc-99m sestamibi and Tc-99m tetrofosmin parathyroid imaging were performed 10 minutes and 2 hours after tracer injection. Early imaging with Tc-99m sestamibi demonstrated thyroid and focal uptake in the left lower neck. On delayed imaging, finding ...

A novel method for localization of abnormal parathyroid glands involving color-processing of nuclear scintigrams of the neck after injection of Thallium-201 and Technetium pertechnetate is presented with surgical correlation. Preoperative localization of single parathyroid adenomas was successful in 88% of ...

Most parathyroid adenomas and some pathological parathyroid glands from patients with primary parathyroid hyperplasia or severe uremic secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism show an elevated set-point. In the present study, we investigated whether expression of the Ca{sup 2+}{sub o}-sensing receptor protein ...

Image subtraction techniques, in conjunction with (75Se)selenomethionine (75Se) scintigraphy, have recently been suggested to be a potentially valuable tool for localization of parathyroid abnormalities. With use of these techniques, we prospectively studied 15 patients scheduled for parathyroid operations. Postoperatively, all were ...

Many advances have occurred in recent years in the diagnosis, localization, and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. Several different operative choices for primary hyperparathyroidism also have been proposed--a unilateral approach versus the standard bilateral parathyroid exploration. The unilateral approach is based on the concept that if an enlarged ...

The factors involved in abnormal parathyroid cell secretory function and growth in patients with primary (I degree) and secondary (II degree) hyperparathyroidism are still incompletely understood. We compared the expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) at the gene message and the protein level in parathyroid tissue obtained ...

Recurrent and persistent primary hyperparathyroidism remains a significant surgical challenge. Abnormal, hypersecreting parathyroid glands are found in ectopic locations in up to 15% to 20% of patients. A small portion of these ectopic glands will be found in the mediastinum at a location that precludes removal ...

The histologic features of 21 parathyroid glands obtained from 16 Mayo Clinic patients aged 2 to 52 years who had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b (MEN 2b) were evaluated. The findings were correlated with the patients' ages and with the serum concentrations of calcium (15 patients), phosphorus (14 patients), and immunoreactive ...

Thirty-six patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied preoperatively by thallium-201 and technetium-99m pertechnetate subtraction (Tl-201/Tc-99m) scintigraphy, high-resolution real time ultrasonography and computed tomographic (CT) scanning. None of the patients had had previous surgical treatment of the parathyroid or thyroid glands. All of ...

Twenty-nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism underwent double-tracer subtraction scanning after injection of 201Tl as thallous chloride for thyroid and parathyroid images followed by 99mtechnetium as sodium pertechnetate for thyroid images prior to surgical exploration of the neck. The operative findings were correlated with the scans. All 23 adenomas (100%) and 13 of ...

The molecular mechanisms responsible for aberrant calcium signaling in parathyroid disease are poorly understood. The loss of appropriate calcium-responsive modulation of PTH secretion observed in parathyroid disease is commonly attributed to decreased expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G protein-coupled receptor. However, CaSR expression ...

Ectopically located parathyroid adenomas may be difficult to find during initial neck exploration. They account for over 70 percent of missed adenomas found at reexploration. Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas would reduce unnecessary dissection and possibly reduce the number of negative results of initial neck exploration. Before ...

... parathyroid glands produce excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone (hyperparathyroidism). After surgery, complete healing without complications usually occurs ...

The pattern of clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) has changed dramatically from a severe disease to an asymptomatic condition in Western countries. The story is completely different in Eastern countries. Bone and joint related sign and symptoms like bone pain and multiple fractures are common in these patients. Imaging and nuclear medicine studies will be helpful specially ...

Parathyroid adenomas have been demonstrated to occur following external head and neck irradiaion. The median latency interval is 30 years. In a series of 74 consecutive patients with histologically diagnosed parathyroid adenomas, 25% gave a history of prior radiation exposure. When compared to a matched control incidence of 7.9%, statistical significance ...

Preoperative localization studies are essential for patients who have undergone previous parathyroid operations. This is because the remaining parathyroid glands are more difficult to identify at operation because of increased scarring with loss of normal tissue planes and because the remaining abnormal ...

Heterozygous mutations of GATA3, which encodes a dual zinc-finger transcription factor, cause hypoparathyroidism with sensorineural deafness and renal dysplasia. Here, we have investigated the role of GATA3 in parathyroid function by challenging Gata3^+/� mice with a diet low in calcium and vitamin D so as to expose any defects in ...

The combination of chronic renal failure plus parathyroid adenocarcinoma is very rare. A 53-year-old female had been on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure for 7 years. For 2 years she has had bilateral knee joint pain, hypercalcemia and an increased parathyroid hormone level. Swelling of parathyroid gland was ...

This report describes the parathyroid scan, computerized tomography and histologic findings in a young female hemodialysis patient with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. These findings included hyperplasia and calcification of all four parathyroid glands. PMID:11676361

... (Author). Descriptors : *TEETH, *PARATHYROID GLANDS, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS, CASE STUDIES, DENTISTRY. Subject ...

... REPRINTS, MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM, LEVEL(QUANTITY), CARBON DIOXIDE, PHOSPHORUS, CALCITONIN, PARATHYROID GLANDS. ...

Commonly four parathyroid glands are located in the neck. The incidence of a fifth supernumery parathyroid gland has been reported to be between 2% and 6%. Most reports of a hyperfunctioning supernumery parathyroid gland have been adenomas. There have been only a few ...

Eleven patients who had clinical and biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism were studied using dual isotope technetium-thallium parathyroid subtraction imaging. The parathyroid scans correctly identified all surgically proven parathyroid adenomas. Three abnormal foci also were identified that were not ...

The major clinical manifestations of DiGeorge syndrome (DGS; MIM 188400), which reflect developmental abnormalities of the 3d and 4th pharyngeal pouch derivatives, include thymus- and parathyroid-gland aplasia or hypoplasia and conotruncal cardiac malformations. The additional dysmorphic facial features, such as hypertelorism, cleft lip and palate, bifid ...

Objective: Preoperative localization increases the effectiveness of surgery for parathyroid adenomas, while also encouraging a less invasive surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect thyroid-related factors have on the preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas.Methods: Two hundred and fifty five patients with pHPT who underwent ...

Enlarged parathyroid glands were percutaneously aspirated under computed tomographic (CT) control in 7 patients, and levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and human thyroglobulin (HTg) were measured. All 7 patients had high levels of PtH in at least 1 specimen. It is concluded that the measurement of high concentrations of PTH in the ...

Three pairs of parathyroid glands having been transplanted to rats enhanced the activity of their hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system both at resting and in physical loads. The excess of the parathyroid hormone and the hypercalcemia activated the production and release of substances with cortico-liberine-like activity from ...

Abstract Objective: In this study, we investigate the feasibility of the use of aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA)-induced fluorescence in the detection of parathyroid glands in rats. Background data: The intraoperative identification of parathyroid glands is difficult, which is one of the main reasons for ...

also used to treat high levels of calcium in the blood of patients who have parathyroid cancer (cancer of the glands in the neck that make parathyroid hormone). Cinacalcet is in...

Fifty patients with surgically and biochemically proven hyperparathyroidism had imaging studies of the neck performed with Thallium-201 chloride (2-3mCi) and Tc-99m pertechnetate, a gamma camera and pinhole collimator, and acquired and processed with a DEC PDP-11 computer with color coding for differences in localization of Tl-201 (in thyroid and parathyroid tumor) compared ...

Parathyroid tissue is able to spontaneously induce angiogenesis, proliferate, and secrete parathyroid hormone when autotransplanted in patients undergoing total parathyroidectomy. Angiogenesis is also involved in parathyroid tumorigenesis. Here we investigated the anatomical and molecular relationship between endothelial and ...

Thyroid ultrasound is easy to perform due to the superficial location of the thyroid gland, but appropriate equipment is mandatory with a linear high frequency transducer (7.5 - 12) MHz. Some pathological aspects of the thyroid gland are easily diagnosed by ultrasound, like the enlargement of the thyroid volume (goiter) or the presence of nodules and ...

In this study, the anatomy of the parathyroid glands is examined in zebu cattle. Data have been collected on 61 parathyroids, belonging to 18 Gobra, Maure or Cross breeds animals. Four parathyroid glands have been identified: 2 cranial and 2 caudal. The former are located, either between the ...

The report deals with the effects of irradiation on the parathyroid glands. Irradiation produces acute and delayed changes in parathyroid parenchyma. Doses ranging between 500 and 2,500 R, including LD50, have no immediate significant effects on the parat...

Hyperparathyroidism is due to increased activity of the parathyroid glands, either from an intrinsic abnormal change altering excretion of parathyroid hormone (primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism) or from an extrinsic abnormal change affecting calcium homoeostasis stimulating production of ...

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common disorder that results from an increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, most often due to a solitary and solid parathyroid adenoma usually found in the inferior group of parathyroid glands. Parathyroid gland is ectopic in ...

A preoperative Ga-67 citrate scan showed abnormal uptake in a patient with a cervical mass that subsequently proved to be a predominantly oxyphilic parathyroid adenoma.

Not all parathyroid glands can be visualized by CT or ultrasound and, therefore, cannot be aspirated using these techniques. The authors report the localization of a parathyroid gland by arteriography and needle aspiration under fluoroscopic guidance. This technique can be used to confirm a diagnosis of ...

Nuclear imaging of the thyroid and parathyroid glands has evolved from early radionuclide rectilinear thyroid scanning to the recently developed dual isotope subtraction technique for detecting parathyroid lesions. At the same time, x-ray fluorescent scanning, ultrasound, x-ray computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging have ...

Primary hyperparathyroidism, although often silent clinically, may lead to significant morbidity if it remains untreated. In more than 95% of all cases the cause is a parathyroid adenoma or glandular hyperplasia. Regression of disease follows successful surgical excision of the abnormal parathyroid gland. Recurrent ...

... at enzymic sites within the cells and tissues. ... the kidney, parathyroid gland, and connective tissue cells of the ... basilar region of the cell, whereas, in ...

A number of studies concerning the effects of hypergravity on bone have shown increases in bone mass

Ultrasound is one of the preferred modalities for localization of abnormal parathyroids. Accuracy of ultrasound is technician-dependent. This study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of surgeon-performed ultrasound (SPU) for the localization of parathyroid tumors in comparison to radiology-performed ultrasound (RPU) and nuclear ...

of the neck Hoarseness due to nerve damage to the voice box Low calcium level due to damage to the parathyroid glands (located near the thyroid gland) Treatments for...

Lipoadenoma of the parathyroid gland is a rare histologic variant of parathyroid adenoma that is usually functional and associated with clinical hyperparathyroidism. We report a case in which a radiolabeled thallium scan failed to demonstrate evidence of an adenoma, presumably because of the tumor's high fat content. The ...

Salivary gland tumors are abnormal cells growing in the ducts that drain the salivary glands. ... The salivary glands are located around the mouth. They produce saliva, which moistens food to help with chewing and swallowing. Saliva ...

A retrospective review of 143 patients with head or neck tumors who had received radiation therapy in the head and neck area for benign conditions during childhood or adolescence was conducted. This included an analysis of 1,080 patients from the Evanston Hospital Irradiated Thyroid Evaluation Clinic, which was established to define the relationship between irradiation and the subsequent ...

OBJECTIVES: To observe changes in the parathyroid tissue treated by extracorporeal HIFU. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 5 patients were treated for primary hyperparathyroidism by thermally ablating enlarged parathyroid glands using an external HIFU applicator. The treated glands were visualized with B-Mode and contrast ...

Preoperative localizing studies are essential for patients with persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism requiring reoperation, because of loss of normal tissue planes and because the hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue that remains is more likely to be situated in an ectopic position. The value of noninvasive and invasive localizing techniques was evaluated in 59 ...

An abnormal uptake of [67Ga]citrate by a palpable neck tumor was observed in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism. The pathological diagnosis of the surgically resected specimen was parathyroid carcinoma invading the thyroid. The uptake was negative in nine patients with parathyroid adenoma. These results suggest that 67Ga ...

An abnormal uptake of (/sup 67/Ga)citrate by a palpable neck tumor was observed in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism. The pathological diagnosis of the surgically resected specimen was parathyroid carcinoma invading the thyroid. The uptake was negative in nine patients with parathyroid adenoma. These results suggest that /sup ...

Six patients with failed previous operations and anterior mediastinal parathyroid glands were evaluated with selective angiography and nonselective arterial digital arteriography. Selective angiography depicted two of nine mediastinal glands; nonselective arterial digital arteriography depicted only one of nine mediastinal ...

The parathyroid endocrine glands, usually four in number and about the size of a split pea, lie on either side of the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland. Occasionally one or more of these structures are found in an aberrant position in the neck or even in the superior mediastinum. The parathyroid secretion, ...

Six patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have had glands autotransplanted into their forearm or deltoid region immediately after presumed total parathyroidectomy. Five hyperplastic glands were transplanted; two patients are normocalcaemic, two are hypercalcaemic and one is hypocalcaemic. The one normal transplanted gland did not ...

Aim:Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a condition that occurs due to exacerbated activity of the parathyroid glands. According to the etiology it may be primary, secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT, sHPT, tHPT). This is a study done to document and evaluate the presentations of primary and secondary HPT, with the associated complications and the ...

We have utilized a quantitative autoradiographic method as a means of evaluating amino acid uptake of the rat parathyroid gland for the ultimate purpose of finding agents potentially suitable for position emission tomographic scanning of parathyroid glands. L-(1-/sup 14/C)leucine and L-(guanido-/sup 14/C)arginine ...

The risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism following thyroid and parathyroid surgery is around 1% in the hands of experienced endocrine surgeons. Although this complication is rare, rendering a patient permanently aparathyroid has significant consequences on the health and quality of life of the patient. Immediate autotransplantation of parathyroid ...

Several reports have indicated good results with MR imaging of hyperparathyroidism. However, its use in recurrent hyperparathyroidism has not been assessed separately. Thirty patients with recurrent hyperparathyroidism were evaluated by MR with both T1- and T2-weighted images. Twenty-six and 23 of these patients, respectively, also had thallium-201 scintigraphy and high-resolution sonography. For ...

the Development and Migration of the Thymus, Thyroid, and Parathyroid Glands Nancy R. Manley2 and Mario R of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5331 The thymus, thyroid, and parathyroid glands in vertebrates-cells to the thyroid. Hoxb3,Hoxd3 double mutants show no obvious defects in the thymus or ...

Serum calcium and phosphate homeostasis is critically regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) secreted by the parathyroid glands. Parathyroid glands develop from the bilateral parathyroid/thymus common primordia. In mice, the expression of transcription factor Glial cell ...

The rat parathyroid was isotopically labeled with relative selectivity using tritiated methionine as demonstrated by autoradiographic techniques. The parathyroid function was stimulated by a low calcium diet. Thyroid anabolism, which is the most probable source of extraneous radioactive emission, was effectively suppressed with thyroxine. This ...

The rare hungry bone syndrome was encountered in a 15-year-old child after the removal of a parathyroid adenoma. Contrary to the hypocalcemias caused by the removal of all parathyroid glands or transient ischemia after parathyroid surgery, in which the serum inorganic phosphorus level is usually normal, both serum ...

A /sup 201/Tl-chloride scan was performed on a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism. /sup 201/Tl-chloride accumulated in the region of the right lower thyroidal pole and a diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma was confirmed intraoperatively. /sup 201/Tl-chloride imaging of a hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland seems to be useful for the ...

It has been previously suggested that therapeutic doses of radioiodine may damage the parathyroid glands, but the association of hypoparathyroidism with radioiodine therapy in man has only rarely been reported. Moreover, in these patients it was not clear whether radioiodine was responsible for the hypoparathyroidism, and animal experiments have ...

BACKGROUND: Lithium remains an effective treatment of bipolar affective disorder. The long-term use of lithium is associated with an alteration in parathyroid function that may culminate in hyperparathyroidism. The long-term effects of lithium use are variable due to its complex effects on calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, and as a consequence the indications for ...

The extracellular calcium (Ca(o)2+)-sensing receptor (CaR) enables the parathyroid glands and other CaR-expressing cells to sense alterations in the level of Ca(o)2+ and to respond with changes in function that are directed at normalizing the blood calcium concentration. In addition to the parathyroid gland, the ...

A small piece of salivary gland is removed for examination by needle biopsy if abnormal lumps are found, or to test for Sjogren syndrome. The biopsy needle ...

Although there have been many reports regarding the structure of the parathyroid glands of various terrestrial mammals, little is known about the parathyroid glands of marine mammals including Cetacea. The morphology of the parathyroid glands of three Risso's dolphins, ...

Background. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) is increasingly replacing the traditional bilateral neck exploration in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). Intraoperative PTH (IOPTH) measurement has recently been introduced as a useful adjunct in confirming successful excision of abnormal parathyroid gland. Aims. ...

Both high resolution (10 MHz) ultrasound and 201-thallium/99m-technetium subtraction scanning (Tl/Tc) were carried out preoperatively in 25 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Operative findings were the standard against which these two imaging methodologies were compared. Tl/Tc scanning showed a sensitivity of 42% and a specificity of 97%. By comparison, sensitivity of ultrasound was 38% ...

BACKGROUND: In patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, the exclusion of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is of important clinical relevance. Its diagnosis often relies on the existence of primary hyperparathyroidism. AIM AND METHODS: To investigate the parathyroid function of patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome by use of an oral calcium tolerance test to ...

Ninety-five percent of primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by either a solitary hyperfunctioning adenoma or chief cell hyperplasia. While there is a great deal of variation in the location of the parathyroid glands, 90-95% of all abnormal parathyroid tissue will be identified at initial exploration regardless of ...

Objective:To determine the utility of routine perioperative bilateral internal jugular venous sampling of parathyroid hormone (BIJ PTH) for localization during parathyroid surgery.Summary Background Data:Venous sampling for PTH is a useful tool for parathyroid localization in patients undergoing reoperative surgery for ...

Three noninvasive imaging methods, CT, scintigraphy with /sup 201/TlCl and /sup 99m/TcO4-, and ultrasonography, were performed on 36 patients with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The patients subsequently underwent total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autograft. The detection rates of the three methods for the 143 excised ...

Parathyroid autografts were performed in 19 random bred mongrels and parathyroid allografts were exchanged between seven random bred mongrels. Three pairs of siblings from a beagle colony were immunosuppressed and parathyroid allografts exchanged between them. The parathyroid autografts were successful, while ...

BackgroundThe parathyroid calcium receptor determines parathyroid hormone secretion and the response of parathyroid hormone gene expression to serum Ca²⁺ in the parathyroid gland. Serum Ca²⁺ regulates parathyroid hormone gene ...

Primary hyperparathyroidism (P-HPT) is a common endocrine disorder that occurs as a result of adenomas (80-85%), hyperplasias (10-15%) or carcinomas (<1%) of the parathyroid glands. Molecular genetic analyses of heritable P-HPT syndromes have provided considerable insight into the understanding of sporadic parathyroid tumors and ...

... BREAST CANCER, *WOMEN, ABNORMALITIES, INCOME, MAMMARY GLANDS ... Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE. ...

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Malignancies; Abnormal Hormonal Secretions; Electrolytes Abnormalities

The detailed ultrastructural changes of uremia-induced hyperplastic parathyroid gland and the effects of current medical treatments for secondary hyperparathyroidism were investigated. Marked enlargement of parathyroid cell with accumulation of mitochondria and lipids and a significant increase in the thickness of the pericapillary ...

Renal osteodystrophy is an important complication of chronic kidney disease characterized by abnormal bone turnover with varied bone histologic changes. Etiology is multifactorial including abnormalities of serum calcium, phosphorus, and 1,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D deficiency; secondary hyperparathyroidism; age; cause of kidney disease; diet; renal replacement ...

... wild birds poisoned by environmental Zn. Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteodystrophia fibrosa in a Hodgson's hawk- ... parathyroid glands, which is consistent with nutritional secondary h...

... CT scan and an ultrasound . Before surgery, an anesthesiologist will review your medical history with you and decide what type of anesthesia to use. The anesthesiologist is the doctor who will give you the ...

... nose/turbinates, ovaries, pancreas, parotid salivary gland, pituitary, parathyroid, rectum ... findings in the study were a renal adenoma observed in ...

... Accession Number : AD0764347. Title : Effects of Age and Cold Exposure on the Size and Functional Activity of Parathyroid Glands of Rats. ...

Historically, thyroid surgery has been fraught with complications. Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, or the parathyroid glands may result in profound life-long consequences for the patient. To minimize the morbidity of the operation, a surgeon must have an in-depth understanding of the anatomy of the thyroid and ...

Studies were made on the development of osteogenic sarcomas in irradiated rats. Parabiosis and shielding of one partner permitted the other to survive a supralethal single dose of 1000 r of whole body x irradiation and to live to develop late complications. Parabiosis increased the incidence of osteogenic sarcoma in rats. Parabiosis and external whole-body radiation produced ...

Dandy-Walker malformation is characterized by cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle and an enlarged posterior cranial fossa with upward displacement of the tentorium, lateral sinuses, and torcular, with agenesis or hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis. Dandy-Walker malformation occurs in approximately the 4th week of gestation and is associated with various abnormalities ...

DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) has classically been characterized by the triad of clinical features including congenital cardiac defects, immune deficiencies secondary to aplasia or hypoplasia of the thymus, and hypocalcaemia due to small or absent parathyroid glands. The phenotypic features of these patients are much more variable and extensive than previously ...

DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) has classically been characterized by the triad of clinical features including congenital cardiac defects, immune deficiencies secondary to aplasia or hypoplasia of the thymus, and hypocalcaemia due to small or absent parathyroid glands. The phenotypic features of these patients are much more variable and extensive than previously ...

Preoperative localization study is difficult in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) caused by intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma. Between January 2004 and December 2009, seven of 373 patients who underwent ...

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was localized by an immunocytochemical technique in the thyroid-parathyroid complexes of rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and in normal human thyroids and parathyroids. Human medullary carcinomas and parathyroid adenomas were also studied. In man and all animal species examined CGRP was present in the ...

Fifty-three patients, 35 with persistent and 7 with recurrent hyperparathyroidism, had parathyroid surgery. There were 11 patients who had prior thyroid surgery before being identified as having hyperparathyroidism. Forty patients had parathyroid adenomas and 13 (8 dialysis patients) had parathyroid hyperplasia. Thallium-210-iodine 123 ...

Twenty-three patients with hyperparathyroidism were evaluated preoperatively with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Twenty patients also underwent thallium-201/technetium-99m scintigraphy. Of 22 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, 12 had persistent or recurrent disease. One had secondary hyperparathyroidism due to end-stage renal disease. MR imaging allowed accurate localization of ...

There is unanimous agreement that parathyroid adenoma lacks precise histopathologic definition. Likewise, it is generally accepted that hyperplasia may involve the parathyroid glands unequally, causing tumorous enlargement of a single parathyroid gland. On the basis of observations of the ...

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphatonin that is secreted by osteocytes and osteoblasts in response to hyperphosphatemia and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). It acts on its receptor complex, Klotho-FGFR1c (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 c-splicing form), in the distal convoluted tubule to repress renal phosphorus reabsorption in the proximal tubule and suppress the renal ...

Advances in analysis of chemistry and physiology of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and Vitamin D are described along with development of techniques in radioassay methods. Emphasis is placed on assessment of normal and abnormal patterns of secretion of t...