In plants, cell polarity is an issue more recurring than in other systems, because plants, due to their adaptive and flexible development, often change cell polarity postembryonically according to intrinsic cues and demands of the environment. Recent findings on the directional movement of the plant signalling molecule auxin provide a unique connection ...

The analysis of cell polarity in plants is fueled by the discovery and analysis of auxin efflux carrier PIN proteins those show polar localizations in various plant cell types in line with their roles in directional cell to cell auxin transport. As this asymmetry in cellular PIN localization drives directional auxin fluxes, ...

An investigation is made of the establishment of polarization eigenstates in resonators of lasers containing an electrooptic modulation element and a partial polarizer. It is shown that the extracavity use of multielement modulators of this type is possible.

... An account balance is abnormal when the reported balance does not comply with the normal debit or credit balance established in the general ...

Explore the reviewed and annotated images, videos, and animations of the cell process of Cell Polarity Establishment & Maintenance.

Epithelial cell polarity is essential for the establishment and maintenance of morphological and functional asymmetries that underlie normal renal structure and function and are brought about by the appropriate delivery of growth factor receptors and ion and fluid transporters and channels to apical or basolateral cell membranes. The fundamental process of ...

A variety of cytoarchitectural disturbances have been described in limbic regions in postmortem studies of schizophrenia, many of which suggest a developmental disturbance of normal neuronal geometry. This geometry is established and maintained by elements of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Immunohistochemistry with a panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor the ...

Small RNAs (smRNAs) including miRNAs and siRNAs are critical for gene regulation and plant development. Among the highly diverse siRNAs, trans-acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs) have been shown to be plant-specific. In Arabidopsis, eight TAS loci belonging to four families (TAS1, TAS2, TAS3, and TAS4) have been identified, and bioinformatics analysis reveals that the sequence of TAS3 is highly conserved in ...

As a result of previous studies using hypergravity (centrifuge) or virtual microgravity (clinostat), it was proposed that gravity was involved in embryonic development, i.e., in the establishment of the embryonic polarities and the body plan pattern which subsequently direct morphogenesis and organogenesis of the central nervous system and of sensory ...

Protein kinases of the microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK) family were originally discovered because of their ability to phosphorylate certain sites in tau protein (KXGS motifs in the repeat domain). This type of phosphorylation is enhanced in abnormal tau from Alzheimer brain tissue and causes the detachment of tau from microtubules. MARK-related kinases (PAR-1 and ...

This document is one of a series prepared by the Polar Research Board that develop strategies for polar research. Recognizing a need for further studies on human adaptation to the polar environment, the Polar Research Board established an Ad Hoc Committee...

LKB1 is a key regulator of energy homeostasis through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and is functionally linked to vascular development, cell polarity, and tumor suppression. In humans, germ line LKB1 loss-of-function mutations cause Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), which is characterized by a predisposition to gastrointestinal neoplasms marked by a high ...

Rignot: This International Polar Year, the main goal is to establish the state of health of the polar regions and have a reference for future studies. ...

From the site: "The Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) is a well-known and long-established centre for research into both polar regions. It is part of ... ...

Tip growth of filamentous fungi depends on continuous polarized growth and requires the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton. Cortical proteins at polarity sites, also known as cell end markers, play important roles in polarity maintenance. Deletion of the cell end marker teaA results in zigzag hyphal morphologies, which is contrary ...

... The second series of tests, conducted with a shock-induced polarization technique, used the established Plexiglas Hugoniot ...

... An account balance is abnormal when the reported balance does not comply with the normal debit or credit balance established in the general ...

... An account balance is abnormal when the reported balance does not comply with the normal debit or credit balance established in the general ...

How are the asymmetric distributions of proteins, lipids, and RNAs established and maintained in various cell types? Studies from diverse organisms show that Par proteins, GTPases, kinases, and phosphoinositides participate in conserved signaling pathways to establish and maintain cell polarity.

Polarized hyphal growth dominates the life cycle of filamentous fungi and is essential to disease progression for many fungal pathogens. Despite its importance, much of the basic biology controlling the process remains to be elucidated. Protein Nmyristoylation is one process important to hyphal growth for which the direct mechanism for this connection is not understood. ...

... of Cell Polarity and Control of Cell Motility. ... Descriptors : *CELLS(BIOLOGY), *POLARITY, *METASTASIS ... PROTEINS, YEASTS, CELL STRUCTURE ...

An improved method for recovering and deasphalting tar sands comprises the use of at least two solvents in an extraction column to establish a liquid polarity gradient within it.

... Act of 1972. This protection prohibits hunting of polar bears by non-Natives and establishes special conditions for the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service En...

of the polarization vector g i into the plane (x; z) (see Sec.2), it does not matter wheather or not the polarization

The implications of the 10 micron polarization of the Orion Nebula were re-examined. The polarization was produced by preferential extinction in one of the well studied regions of the Kleinman-Low Nebula and/or its surroundings. In particular, the need for abnormally low temperatures in the polarizing medium was ...

To evaluate cases with unclassified multiple congenital abnormalities including microtia and anotia as component congenital abnormalities in order to reveal the characteristic pattern of other associated component congenital abnormalities and to make an attempt to establish a registry diagnosis on the pattern of ...

Establishment of anterior�posterior (a-p) polarity in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo depends on filamentous (F-) actin. Previously, we isolated an F-actin-binding protein that was enriched in the anterior cortex of the one-cell embryo and was hypothesized to link developmental polarity to the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we identify ...

Establishment of anterior-posterior (a-p) polarity in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo depends on filamentous (F-) actin. Previously, we isolated an F-actin-binding protein that was enriched in the anterior cortex of the one-cell embryo and was hypothesized to link developmental polarity to the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we identify ...

It has been established that when a high energy laser pulse traverses a crystalline medium that lacks inversion symmetry, a d.c. polarization is developed in the medium. By measuring the d.c. polarization, an estimate of the nonlinear polarization coeffic...

Coherent and incoherent ground-based radar measurements of the winter polar cap ionosphere at Thule and Sondrestrom, Greenland, have established the existence of patches of enhanced ionization which drift across the polar cap in an antisunward, noon-midni...

, and lipid signaling, and how defects in polarity contribute to tumor formation. #12;758 Cell 141, May 28, 2010 the formation of adherens junctions normally plays a critical role in the establishment of epithelial polarity display obvious polarity, indicating the presence of molecular asymmetries. The general ...

Establishment of polarity is indispensable for normal glandular function. Conversely, loss of tissue polarity and increased growth are hallmarks of tumorigenesis. Many studies indicate that cell-cell and cell- extracellular matrix interactions are involve...

Constraints on the polarization purity of a Stokes microwave radiometer Christopher S. Ruf of the third and fourth Stokes parameters of microwave thermal emission can be degraded by nonideal radiometer by micro- wave radiometers using linearly polarized brightness temperatures is a well-established technique

This book provides an organizational arrangement by radiographic abnormalities which is particularly valuable in those cases in which the diagnosis is not clearly established and the physician is faced with an abnormality which may be pivotal to the diagnosis. The book includes the newer techniques of computed tomography and ...

Establishing a chronology for polar ice is vital to interpreting the climatic record preserved in ice. There is, at present, no method for dating ice absolutely beyond 50,000 years. The goal of the project is to establish a method for dating ice in the ra...

A hallmark of neurons is their ability to polarize with dendrite and axon specification to allow the proper flow of information through the nervous system. Over the past decade, extensive research has been performed in an attempt to understand the molecular and cellular machinery mediating this neuronal polarization process. It has become evident that many ...

... Cdc42/Rac Signaling in the Establishment of Cell Polarity and Control of Cell Motility. ... When Lat-A is applied to yeast cells, neither actin patches nor ...

... Rac Signaling in the Establishment of Cell Polarity and Control of Cell Motility. ... When LatA is applied to yeast cells neither actin patches nor cables ...

The Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) is one of the 16 national research centres in Germany. The Institute was established as a ...

1998 limits their utility in establishing a climatology of this ...... however, so to eliminate breaks in the climatological fields, ...

... An dctivity quantifier measure (see the Table on page 6) was established whereby hourly activity levels in GPS TEC measurements and polar ...

It has the following striking evaluation, often established by using polar .... such as 3n \\choose n, of the form examined elsewhere in this book. ...

... The increased awareness of warming in the polar ... serve as important input for global climate models ... established to record the quality of these data. ...

The segmented ectoderm and mesoderm of the leech arise via a stereotyped cell lineage from embryonic

... The objective of the NPRCS is to represent the radio science community's interest in the HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program ...

Not long after the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, it was established that halogen compounds,

The asymmetrical distribution of F-actin directed by cell polarity has been observed during the migration of monospores from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis. The significance of Ca2+ influx and phosphoinositide signalling during the formation of cell polarity in migrating monospores was analysed pharmacologically. The results indicate that the inhibition ...

The recent attempts to establish a "natural" terminology for plant polarity are significant as they have identified various problems in the classic terminology of polarity, and arrived at a logical and simple terminology (shootward and rootward). The related issue of polarity changes was also addressed while ...

Cdc42p, together with other polarity proteins, becomes polarize to a cap at the presumptive bud site and the tip of the emerging bud. The initial observation that Cdc42p is able to polarize, and remain polarized, in the complete absence of F-actin (Ayscou...

the radius and its log�polar map of a 2D�image without polar subsampling. We introduce an intermediateOPTICAL FLOW COMPUTATION IN THE LOG�POLAR PLANE Kostas Daniilidis and Volker Kr�uger Computer boundaries have been established. The most convincing model is the theory of logarithmic ...

OBJECTIVE: Exercise thallium-201 (201T1) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been used to detect potential ischaemia in the left ventricular myocardium but not in the right ventricle. The purpose of this study was to establish the clinical usefulness of a right ventricular polar map of 201T1 SPECT for visualisation of exercise-induced ...

Presently, only two methods of producing beams of polarized electrons for injection into linear accelerators are in use. Each of these methods uses optical pumping by circularly polarized light to produce electron polarization. In one case, electron polarization is established in metastable ...

The polarization in scattering from a nucleus of spin and isotopic spin zero depends primarily on whether the final state corresponds to normal'' or abnormal'' parity change, and whether it has isotopic spin change 0 to 1. The aagular distribution of polarization in these four cases is ...

The mechanism of coating induced polarization state variation is analysed by the Jones matrix. Pauli spin matrices are used to establish the relationship between coating induced polarization state variation and polarization aberrations. To reduce coating induced polarization aberrations, we ...

Measurement of optical properties of skin is an expanding and growing field of research. Recent studies have shown that the biological tissue, especially skin, changes the polarization state of the incident light. Using this property will enable the study of abnormalities and diseases that alter not only the light intensity but also its ...

Female meiosis is comprised of two cell divisions, meiosis I (MI) and II (MII) and two different stages at which the development of the oocyte is temporarily halted. In the case of MI this pause can potentially last for 4-5 decades. This added layer of complexity distinguishes female gametogenesis from its male counterpart. The single most important genetic factor impacting human reproductive ...

The development of all low-order animals and noneutherian mammals follows an organized, polarized directional course from fertilization through fetal development. New evidence points to a fundamental polarization during all steps of mammalian development, from the early oocyte through fertilization and gastrulation. The generator of this ...

BACKGROUNDTo estimate the incidence of aneuploidy in relation to patients' characteristics, the type of hormonal stimulation and their response to induction of multiple follicular growth, 4163 first polar bodies (PB1s) were analyzed.METHODSFive hundred and forty four infertile couples underwent 706 assisted conception cycles (640 with poor prognosis indications and 66 ...

The serum lipoproteins of five patients with abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) were separated by ultracentrifugation and then analyzed either intact or after delipidation. It is concluded that ABL is a disorder affecting all serum lipoprotein classes. Whether the abetalipoproteinemia previously described and noted in the current studies is related to or independent of the ...

The centrosome plays an important role in maintenance of cell polarity and in progression through the cell cycle by determining the number, polarity, and organization of interphase and mitotic microtubules. By examining a set of 35 high grade human breast tumors, we show that centrosomes of adenocarcinoma cells generally display ...

The Bicaudal-C (Bic-C) gene was originally discovered in Drosophila melanogaster. The gene product Bic-C is thought to serve as an RNA-binding molecule targeting diverse proteins at the post-transcriptional level. Recent research has shown this gene to be conserved in many species, from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. Disruption of this protein can disturb the normal migration direction of the ...

Bicaudal-C (Bic-C) gene was originally discovered in Drosophila melanogaster. The gene product Bic-C is thought to serve as an RNA-binding molecule targeting diverse proteins at the post-transcriptional level. Recent research has shown this gene to be conserved in many species, from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. Disruption of this protein can disturb the normal migration direction of the ...

It is well established that human diseases associated with abnormal immune function, including some common infectious diseases and asthma, are considerably more prevalent at younger ages. Although not established absolutely, it is generally believed that development constitutes ...

Cell polarization is intimately linked to plant development, growth, and responses to the environment. Major advances have been made in our understanding of the signaling pathways and networks that regulate cell polarity in plants owing to recent studies on several model systems, e.g., tip growth in pollen tubes, cell morphogenesis in the leaf epidermis, ...

Cell polarization is intimately linked to plant development, growth, and responses to the environment. Major advances have been made in our understanding of the signaling pathways and networks that regulate cell polarity in plants owing to recent studies on several model systems, e.g., tip growth in pollen tubes, cell morphogenesis in the leaf epidermis, ...

The polarization of light carries much useful information about the environment. Biological studies have shown that some animal species use polarization information for navigation and other purposes. It has been previously shown that a bioinspired polarization-difference imaging (PDI) technique can facilitate detection and feature ...

We present a case series of cornea and anterior segment disorders investigated by an office-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Blebs of glaucoma patients treated by trabeculectomy, and corneas of keratoconus and keratoplasty patients were measured by PS-OCT. Birefringence formations in trabeculectomy bleb were measured in 1 control eye and 3 ...

We present a case series of cornea and anterior segment disorders investigated by an office-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Blebs of glaucoma patients treated by trabeculectomy, and corneas of keratoconus and keratoplasty patients were measured by PS-OCT. Birefringence formations in trabeculectomy bleb were measured in 1 control eye and 3 ...

The presence of abnormalities in fibromyalgia muscle using current methodological approaches is well established. The more serious abnormalities are demonstrated by histologic studies particularly on electron microscopy: disorganisation of Z bands and abnormalities in the number and shape of mitochondria. ...

A proposed common mode-of-action for pyrethroid insecticides, includes alterations in sodium channel dynamics in nervous system tissues, consequent disturbance of neuronal membrane polarization, abnormal discharge in targeted neurons, and changes in nervous system function. The p...

Thirty one eyes with established glaucoma, 61 high risk ocular hypertensive (OHTs) eyes, 66 medium risk OHT eyes, 58 low risk OHT eyes, and 47 control eyes have been followed for up to 2 years by clinical examination and pattern electroretinography (PERG). The study was 'masked' so electrophysiological and clinical data were kept separate. Criteria have been devised which ...

Radioecological situation of Adjara foreland and external irradiation doses of population have been studied. A comparison of frequency of genetic abnormalities (congenital abnormalities, underweight) among infants born in 2004-2008 and magnitude of the radiation background (RB) of region was studied to establish the causal connection ...

The actomyosin system is conserved throughout eukaryotes. Although F-actin is essential for cell growth and plant development, roles of the associated myosins are poorly understood. Using multiple gene knockouts in Arabidopsis thaliana, we investigated functional profiles of five class XI myosins, XI-K, XI-1, XI-2, XI-B, and XI-I. Plants lacking three myosins XI showed stunted growth and delayed ...

Filamentous fungi are ideal systems to study the process of polarized growth, as their life cycle is dominated by hyphal growth exclusively at the cell apex. The actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in this growth. Until now, there have been no tools to visualize actin or the actin-binding protein fimbrin in live cells of a filamentous fungus. We investigated the roles ...

Galectin-3 is a ?-galactoside�binding protein widely expressed in all epithelia where it is involved in tissue homeostasis and cancer progression. We recently reported unique abnormalities in the identity of membrane domains in galectin-3 null mutant mice, suggesting that galectin-3 may participate in epithelial polarity program. We investigated the ...

The formation of highly polarized hyphae that grow by apical extension is a defining feature of the filamentous fungi. High-resolution microscopy and mathematical modeling have revealed the importance of the cytoskeleton and the Spitzenkorper (an apical vesicle cluster) in hyphal morphogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In this ...

The tissue polarity pathway is required for the establishment of epithelial polarity in a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate organs. Core tissue polarity proteins act in a dynamically regulated complex to direct the polarization of the Drosophila eye. We report the identification and ...

Polarization properties of anterior segment disorders of the eyes were evaluated using a fiber-based polarization-sensitive Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (PS-FD-OCT). The light source is a superluminescent diode with a central wavelength of 840 nm, and bandwidth of 50 nm. Synchronized two line-CCD cameras allow high-speed measurement of ...

zygote polarity establishment and growth. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 61:9�20. Harries PA, Pan A, Quatrano RS a pivotal role in the translation of directional cues into polar growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant ARPC4 and Polar Tip Growth 165 #12;nema cell [Cove et al., 1997]. The number of cells, the cytokinin

tubes establishes a signaling path- way that controls polarized cell growth in plants. ROP Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell polar- ity development in eukaryotes (Johnson, 1999; Hall and Nobes, 2000 of localized ROP signaling may gener- ally apply to ROP-dependent polar growth and cell ...

S>Polarization patterns for Stark-shifted lines under the influence of a distributed electric field are derived for the case of unequal source strengths for pi and sigma polarized emission in order to understand the unexpected experimental results of the AFCRL group. Expressions are obtained for the elements of the density matrix as functions ...

the conditioning of the formation of polar lows by characteristic meridional seasonal mean flow regimes, which condition polar low formation as a random realiza- tion of the short-term variability [cf. Branstator, 1995 the formation of spatial polar low occurrence. Meridional southward/poleward mean flows were found to ...

Observation of abnormal (against the applied electric field) domain switching in Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 films by piezoresponse force microscopy is reported. In some grains polarization orients opposite to the external field in the presence of the applied field, while the rest of the film volume switches in a normal way. This effect is observed in thin film ...

Cell polarity is a universal biological phenomenon. While much is known about the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, its role in aging and age-related diseases remains to be fully addressed. Nonetheless, the exciting findings in the budding yeast indicate that the polar processes are intimately linked ...

Current hypotheses concerning the role of polar auxin transport in embryo development are entirely based on studies of angiosperms, while little is known about how auxin regulates pattern formation in gymnosperms. In this study, different developmental stages of somatic embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies) were treated with the polar auxin transport ...

Aura/OMI Ozone Hole from September 12, 2004 to November 15,2004 with Polar Vortex Demarced. Data from NASA satellites establishes a 40 year record of ...

Potato tubers have an axial, stem to bud polarity that is apparent at all stages of growth and development. This polarity is most evident in elongate potatoes, but is also found in ¿round¿ varieties. These differences between the stem end and other regions of the tuber establish the context for rese...

The earlier theory of paramagnetic of the polarization plane is improved. Quantitative estimates are used to establish when this new paramagnetic effect is stronger than the usual diamagnetic effect. Also, why it is not strong in the absorption lines of g...

Mid-latitude observations of substorm-related Pi 2 waves have established a pattern in the orientation of the major axis of the polarization ellipse relative to the substorm current wedge. The purpose of this paper relate to the mid-latitude observations ...

The seasonal and UT variation of mesoscale structures (10 km - 100 m) in the central polar cap has been obtained from an analysis of 250-MHz intensity scintillation observations made at Thule, Greenland. It has been established earlier that mesoscale stru...

Experiments were conducted with fused silicates with ferrophosphorous electrodes and ferrosilicon electrodes to investigate electrode polarization. Serveral models of this effect are evaluated, and further research is required to establish the correct one...

Theoretical studies of refraction at high zenith distances were performed and magnitudes were established as a function of time of year and position of observation point in order to determine the suitability to the polar regions of the standard Soviet tab...

Using the data of ILS individual latitudes in a uniform system, the authors have established a new homogeneous sequence of coordinates of the earth's pole and analysed secular polar motion with this sequence.

Radar backscattering from reciprocal random targets is studied employing a covariance matrix approach. Polarization signatures for backscattered power and correlation observables are derived. Optimal polarizations for the power return in two orthogonally polarized radar channels can be determined. Polarizations ...

In plants, polar transport of the hormone auxin between cells connects cell polarity and pattern formation and is thus required for plant development. The direction of auxin transport is determined by polar localization of PIN auxin efflux transporters. The dynamic polar localization of PIN proteins depends on ...

BackgroundCell polarity is essential for many decisions made during development. While investigation of polarity-specific factors has yielded great insights into the polarization process, little is known on how these polarity-specific factors link to the basic cellular mechanisms that function in ...

This work demonstrates the feasibility of OCT for identifying early osteoarthritic pathology. In addition to structural abnormalities, changes in collagen fiber organization, an indicator of very early osteoarthritis, were assessed with a polarization sensitive OCT system. A portable, real time, modular OCT system, suitable for both laboratory and clinical ...

The optical polarization properties of a-plane AlxGa(1-)xN films have been investigated by polarization-dependent photoluminescence (PL). The degree of polarization decreased with increasing the Al composition, and the main optical polarization direction switched from ? ? cto ? // c at about x = 0.07 due to the ...

The features of reflection of the linearly polarized light beams at the interface between two regions of a nematic liquid crystal (LC) with the orthogonal director orientation have been analyzed. The relationship between light beam propagation in a LC material and polarization of laser radiation has been established. Rotation of the ...

Neurons are highly polarized cells, typically with a long axon and relatively short dendrites. A wealth of recent data has identified a number of signaling molecules that are involved in neuronal polarization. Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) contribute to the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity ...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging with laser-polarized {sup 129}Xe can be utilized to trace blood flow and perfusion in tissue for a variety of biomedical applications. Polarized xenon gas introduced in to the lungs dissolves in the blood and is transported to organs such as the brain where it accumulates in the tissue. Spectroscopic studies combined with imaging ...

We studied dielectric and polarization behaviors of piezoelectric cellulose EAPap to understand the detail material behavior. It was shown that the dielectric and the polarization behavior of EAPap were temperature dependent. The largest change of dielectric constant was observed at near 0 �C while the highest dielectric constant was obtained near the ...

May 5, 2006 ... Prepare and submit a white paper by June 1, 2006, discussing your concepts and configuration for establishing one or more resident archives ...

... games, cards, musical shows, sports, libraries, hobby ... Men with major personality problems or psychiatric ... not established definite sex patterns were ...

The ED R process is triggered by INF. Establish a connection to DMS new. For each input data item needed by the alg orit hm ...

We're sprouting ideas as we go along about how to contact the lander." If contact is not established during that attempt, additional attempts scheduled at ...

Dec 4, 1999 ... We're sprouting ideas as we go along about how to contact the lander." If contact is not established during that attempt, ...

Dec 4, 1999 ... We're sprouting ideas as we go along about how to contact the lander." If contact is not established during that attempt, ...

Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) has just ... initiated a program for glaciological activities. This is aimed at establishing infra structure and ...

Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) has just ... initiated a program for glaciological activities. This is aimed at establishing infra structure and ...

GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR. Science Keywords ... City: Bologna. Province or State : Emilia-Romagna. Postal Code: 40136. Country: Italy ...

... constraints. Therefore, we attempted to provide a hypothetical mathematical solution to this question, and in order to establish ... ...

The heliospheric magnetic field has long been hemispherically asymmetric so that the field in the northern hemisphere is weaker and the area larger than in the south. This asymmetry, also called the bashful ballerina, has existed during three-year intervals in the late declining to minimum phase of solar cycles 16-22. We study here the HMF and its hemispheric asymmetry during solar cycle 23. We ...

Establishing the occurrence of endocytosis in filamentous fungi was elusive in the past mainly due to the lack of reliable indicators of endocytosis. Recently, however, it was shown that the fluorescent dye N-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(p-diethyl-aminophenyl-hexatrienyl)pyridinium dibromide (FM4-64) and the plasma membrane protein AoUapC (Aspergillus oryzae UapC) fused to ...

Establishing the occurrence of endocytosis in filamentous fungi was elusive in the past mainly due to the lack of reliable indicators of endocytosis. Recently, however, it was shown that the fluorescent dye N-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(p-diethyl-aminophenyl-hexatrienyl)pyridinium dibromide (FM4-64) and the plasma membrane protein AoUapC (Aspergillus oryzae UapC) fused to ...

A fibroblast culture was established from a lymph node biopsy of a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 9 months after chemotherapy and intensive therapeutic x-irradiation of the area. In contrast with blood and bone marrow, which were chromosomally normal, all cells of the lymph node were chromosomally abnormal, with numerous clones having multiple ...

Current strategies for detecting chromosome abnormalities in MDS/AML include FISH or traditional cytogenetics. MLPA detects abnormalities in multiple loci simultaneously, with higher resolution and throughput. Peripheral blood from 50 healthy subjects was used to establish probe-specific reference ranges, increasing MLPA sensitivity ...

Root hairs are single tubular cells formed from the differentiation of epidermal cells on roots. They are involved in water and nutrient uptake, and represent the infection site on leguminous roots by rhizobia, soil bacteria that establish a nitrogen fixing symbiosis. Root hairs develop by polar cel...

The establishment and maintenance of polarized plasma membrane domains is essential for cellular function and proper development of organisms. The molecules and pathways involved in determining cell polarity are remarkably well conserved between animal species. Historically, exocytic mechanisms have received primary emphasis amongst ...

We investigate the polarization characteristics of coherent enhanced backscattering (EBS) using the pseudo-spectral time domain method implemented on staggered grid and local Fourier basis (SLPSTD) [Opt. Express 18, 9236 (2010)]. The studies are focused on Mie scatterers with findings profound to the understanding of polarization evolution in the ...

The polarization states, i.e. the size, the shape and the orientation of the polarization ellipse of partially coherent flat-topped (PCFT) beams passing through atmospheric turbulence are studied in detail. The effects are studied of different source conditions on the polarization states of a PCFT beam propagating through atmospheric ...

With spin polarized electron spectroscopies, the authors have investigated ordered Gd(0001) films deposited on W(110). The photoemission features of the gadolinium 5d surface state, the 4f levels, and the background exhibit considerable spin polarization along the same direction in the plane of the film, indicative of ferromagnetic coupling between the ...

With spin polarized electron spectroscopies, the authors have investigated ordered Gd(0001) films deposited on W(110). The photoemission features of the gadolinium 5d surface state, the 4f levels, and the background exhibit considerable spin polarization along the same direction in the plane of the film, indicative of ferromagnetic coupling between the ...

We establish a polarimetric reference for the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) measurement calibration, based on direct and reflected solar light, with a theoretical error of about 0.0012. This calibration source can be used to calibrate polarized radiometers instead of complex laboratory devices and can respond from UV to near ...

Jiaojia-pattern gold mines could be surveyed by utilizing large-power induced polarization sounding. Firstly, a multi-layered numerical model of a polarization body was established in sense of physical and mathematical derivation. The polarization field generated from the model was the stack of individual fields ...

Polarization techniques can suppress multiply scattering light and have been demonstrated as an effective tool to improve image quality of superficial tissues where many cancers start to develop. Learning the penetration depth behavior of different polarization imaging techniques is important for their clinical applications in diagnosis of skin ...

The possession of apical-basal polarity is a common feature of epithelia and neural stem cells, so-called neuroblasts (NBs). In Drosophila, an evolutionarily conserved protein complex, consisting of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and the scaffolding proteins Bazooka/PAR-3 and PAR-6 controls the polarity of both cell types. The components of this complex ...

Multidrug resistance ABC transporters in plants are required for polar transport of the hormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid). They are studied in animals primarily because their overexpression confers resistance to anticancer agents. Immunophilins are studied in both plants and animals for their roles in folding and trafficking of proteins, particularly those with signal ...

Dishevelled (Dvl) proteins are important signaling components of both the canonical ?-catenin/Wnt pathway, which controls cell proliferation and patterning, and the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, which coordinates cell polarity within a sheet of cells and also directs convergent extension cell (CE) movements that produce narrowing and elongation of ...

Kelch repeat proteins are important mediators of fundamental cellular functions and are found in diverse organisms. However, the roles of these proteins in filamentous fungi have not been characterized. We isolated a kelch repeat-encoding gene of Colletotrichum lagenarium ClaKEL2, a Schizosaccharomyces pombe tea1 homologue. Analysis of the clakel2 mutant indicated that ClaKEL2 was required for the ...

We examined the PBX1 gene in 192 Chinese women with M�llerian duct abnormalities and revealed 2 known single nucleotide polymorphisms: c.61 > A in exon 1 and c.998-1330A>G in intron 7. Future studies in large cohorts of different ethnic populations are warranted to establish definite associations between the PBX1 gene and M�llerian duct ...

A neuropathological study of autism was established and brain tissue examined from six mentally handicapped subjects with autism. Clinical and educational records were obtained and standardized diagnostic interviews conducted with the parents of cases not seen before death. Four of the six brains were megalencephalic, and areas of cortical abnormality were ...

The microstructural characteristics of ultra-high carbon hyper-eutectoid Fe-C and Fe-C-Cu experimental steels have been examined after isothermal transformation in a range just beneath the eutectoid temperature. Particular attention was paid to the formation of so-called abnormal ferrite, which refers to coarse ferrite grains which can form, in hyper-eutectoid compositions, on ...

A device is constructed for the production of polarized deuterons from an atomic beam. The design of the source is described. The alignment of the 10/ sup -8/ A deuteron beam is established by observing the anisotropy of neutron distribution from the T(d,n)He/sup 4/ reaction. Experiments indicate that the device may be useful as a source of ...

The spin polarization P of the transport current through the interface between superconducting Al and ferromagnetic Fe is determined by means of Andreev reflection at nanostructured point contacts. We observe a systematic decrease of P with decreasing contact resistance. Our data provide evidence for the reduction of P by spin-orbit scattering and thus ...

Cdc42p and other proteins polarize to a cap at the presumptive bud site and the tip of the bud. The observation that Cdc42p polarizes in the complete absence of F-actin has been confirmed repeatedly. These studies used LatA as a method to completely depol...

This paper describes a new approach to the detection and sizing of cracks in metals. It uses a newly developed technique based on interrogating materials with shear waves having varying polarization direction generated by a specially designed EMAT where the polarization direction is established by a combination of coil design and ...

Variations in local polarization switching fields E C in lithium niobate crystals have been investigated under laser irradiation of the z surface. It has been established that the simultaneous application of an electric field in the direction opposite to the spontaneous polarization field and laser beam leads to a decrease in the ...

to corresponding changes in ocean tides. For in- stance, modeling studies of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) have of the semidiurnal tides at LGM has now been established, the studies of Egbert et al. (2004) and Arbic et al. (2004b-day polar oceans. Polar tides have been neglected in recent high-resolution studies, some of which were

During polarized growth of pollen tubes, endomembrane trafficking and actin polymerization are two critical processes that establish membrane/wall homeostasis and maintain growth polarity. Fine-tuned interactions between these two processes are therefore necessary but poorly understood. To better un...

, the polarizing activity in low pH/boiled wild-type embryo extracts induced the formation of ventral structures concentrations of the polarizing activity prepara- tion induced the formation of a series of progressively more to different cellular responses. The initial establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in ...

First-trimester ultrasound examination is of value to establish dates or assess fetal viability in cases of bleeding but provides limited information on the well-being of the fetus. At between 16 and 20 weeks' gestation, examination of fetal anatomy allows many abnormalities to be detected. Third-trimester ultrasound examination is predominantly for follow ...

In examinations where the etiology of an abnormal endometrial sonographic image is not clear, saline infusion through a fine flexible catheter during transvaginal sonography provides visual contrast and uterine expansion. In 39 women, polyps, myomata, synechiae, endometrial hyperplasia, and cancer were correctly described as verified at surgery. Hyperplasia and neoplasia are ...

Unlike the traditional methods for the cyclopropanation of olefins, such as the Simmons-Smith reaction and the decomposition of diazomethane in the presence of copper compounds, the addition of the methylene carbenoid generated by the composition of diazomethane in the presence of palladium salts to allenes takes place selectively, leading to adduct at the less substituted double bond. In this ...

Growth Cones Are Not Required for Initial Establishment of Polarity or Differential Axon Branch processes or branches must be differentially regulated. We found that elaborate and dynamic growth cones were associ- ated with growth, whereas diminished growth cones were as- sociated with nongrowing

To generate specialized structures, cells must obtain positional and directional information. In multi-cellular organisms, cells use the non-canonical Wnt or planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway to establish directionality within a cell. In vertebrates, several Wnt molecules have been proposed as permissible polarity signals, ...

Plasma membrane proteins internalized by endocytosis and targeted for degradation are sorted into lumenal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana ESCRT-related CHARGED MULTIVESICULAR BODY PROTEIN/CHROMATIN MODIFYING PROTEIN1A (CHMP1A) and CHMP1B proteins are essential for ...

Feathers, eggs, and excreta of Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua ellsworthii), adults, from Livingston Island (South Shetlands), chosen as bioindicators, were used to test the quality of the Antarctic environment. Sex was not examined. The bioaccumulations of toxic trace elements (Cd, Pb, Al, and As), essential trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, V, Ni, and Sr), and major essential elements (Na, K, ...