Eleven patients with upper airway apnoea during sleep (one with SHY-Drager syndrome) were monitored polygraphically for wakefulness, sleep, and cardiovascular variables. Systemic hypertension and most of the severe arrhythmias recorded during sleep were secondary to repetitive obstructive apnonea and were mediated through the autonomic ...

Although disturbed sleep is a prominent feature of schizophrenia, its relation to the pathophysiology, signs, and symptoms of schizophrenia remains poorly understood. Sleep disturbances are well known to impair cognition in healthy individuals. Yet, in spite of its ubiquity in schizophrenia, abnormal ...

... Accession Number : AD0710301. Title : ABNORMALITIES IN SLEEP AND DREAM IN MENTALLY RETARDATES. Descriptive ...

The 30 papers in this collection are arranged in five sections which address general issues, neurodevelopmental disorders, other neurological conditions, non-neurological pediatric disorders, and psychiatric disorders. The papers are: (1) "Sleep Disturbance: A Serious, Widespread, Yet Neglected Problem in Disorders of Development" (Gregory Stores and Luci Wiggs); (2) "Normal ...

Physiology in Medicine review article Obstructive sleep apnea is an increasingly common disorder that is strongly linked to obesity. Neurocognitive sequelae, such as daytime sleepiness and impaired executive function, are important factors in motor vehicle accidents and probably contribute to loss of work-related productivity. Metabolic ...

Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder is an important risk factor in the development of Parkinson's disease. Numerous potential predictive markers of Parkinson's disease may present before motor symptoms emerge, but testing of these markers in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder has been performed only in small studies. There has ...

Dr. Mendelson explains the physiology of sleep, discusses the prevalence and nature of insomnia and narcolepsy, and describes abnormal sleep behaviors.

Background:Severe sleep disruption is a well-documented problem in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients during their time in the intensive care unit (ICU), but little attention has been paid to the period when these patients become clinically stable and are transferred to a step-down unit (SDU). We monitored the 24-h sleep pattern in 2 groups ...

Absence epilepsy (AE) in humans and the genetic AE model in WAG/Rij rats are both associated with abnormalities in sleep architecture that suggest insufficiency of the sleep-promoting mechanisms. In this study we compared the functionality of sleep-active neuronal groups within two well-established ...

This review presents sleep disturbances and their underlying pathophysiology in three categories of neurodegenerative disorders namely tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and Huntington's disease (HD) and prion-related diseases. Sleep abnormalities are a major and early feature of neurodegenerative disorders, especially for ...

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep has recently garnered support for its role in consolidating hippocampus-based declarative memories in humans. We provide a brief review of the latest research on NREM sleep activity and its association with declarative memory consolidation. Utilizing empirical findings from sleep studies on ...

Impairments have been reported both in sleep structure and episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease [AD]. Our objective was to investigate the relationships between episodic memory deficits and electro-encephalography [EEG] abnormalities occurring during sleep in patients with early AD. Postlearning ...

Malformations of cortical development are disorders of altered brain anatomy and architecture that arise from abnormalities in the usual processes of cerebral cortical development. Although they often lead to epilepsy, cognitive delay, and motor impairment, little is known about their effect on sleep. Since malformations may ...

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a multiple congenital anomaly, mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome associated with deletion of chromosome 17 band p11.2. As part of a multi-disciplinary clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular approach to SMS, detailed clinical studies including radiographic neurologic, developmental, ophthalmologic, otolaryngologic, and audiologic evaluations were performed on 27 SMS ...

Insomnia is the predominant sleep concern in children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and its nature is most likely multifactorial, with neurochemical (abnormalities in serotonergic transmission or melatonin levels), psychiatric (anxiety), and behavioral (poor sleep habits) etiological factors involved. Children with ASD ...

An electroencephalogram (EEG) has not been routinely utilized in the evaluation of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The utility of the EEG in ADHD is unclear. A recent study in our laboratory using sleep and sleep deprivation routinely found one in four non-epileptic children evaluated for attention deficit disorder has ...

Shift work is a fundamental component of the US workforce and an integral part of the lifestyles of a large proportion of the population. More than 22 million Americans work on shifts as part of their work life. Emerging research suggests that shift workers are at higher risk for a range of metabolic disorders and diseases (eg, obesity, cardiovascular disease, peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal ...

Sleep deprivation is known to be one of the principal mechanisms to activate epileptogenic activity in the EEG recording and indeed it is one of the most common activation techniques in EEG practice. It is generally recognized that about one third of patients with seizures presenting a normal or borderline normal routine EEG may be expected to exhibit an ...

A representative sample of 5,622 subjects between 15 and 96 years of age from the noninstitutionalized general population of France were interviewed by telephone concerning their sleeping habits and sleep disorders. The interviews were conducted using the Sleep-Eval knowledge-based system, a nonmonotonic, level 2 expert system with a ...

Evidence for an intrinsic relationship between sleep, cognition and the symptomatic manifestations of schizophrenia is accumulating. This review presents evidence for the possible utility of GABA(B) receptor agonists for the treatment of subjective and objective sleep abnormalities related to schizophrenia. At the phenotypic level, ...

Polysomnograhic (PSG) studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) show REM sleep abnormalities, which may be indicative for the deterioration of cholinergic pathways and probably closely linked to declarative memory impairment. To clarify the specificity of the association between sleep and cognitive ...

The DSM-IV-TR distinguishes major depressive disorder (MDD) from normal sadness and grief by requiring a certain duration and number of symptoms that cause impairment and dysfunction. Depression is considered a heterogeneous condition in which different biologic abnormalities may be responsible for problems with sleeping, eating, ...

The document reports on a project aimed to investigate the maturation of sleep-patterns in mentally retarded subjects and to correlate their deviations from the normal sleep-patterns with some metabolic factor. (Author)

Alertness and performance on a wide variety of tasks are impaired immediately upon waking from sleep

One of the main complaints in torture survivors is sleep disturbance with nightmares, too little sleep and daytime fatigue. Seven subjects, who had been exposed to torture from 6 months to seven years previously, were examined by polysomnography. All had abnormal sleep patterns compared with normal age- and ...

Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a birth defect of unknown etiology, often causing obstructive sleep apnea, due to unilateral retrognathia. We describe an adolescent sleep apnea patient, with usual and unusual signs of OAVS. Apart from mandibular hypoplasia, microtia, external auditory canal atresia and cervical vertebrae anomalies, skull base ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of cognitive function, loss of memory and insomnia, and abnormal behavioral signs and symptoms. Among the various theories that have been put forth to explain the pathophysiology of AD, the oxidative stress induced by amyloid ?-protein (A?) deposition has received ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of cognitive function, loss of memory and insomnia, and abnormal behavioral signs and symptoms. Among the various theories that have been put forth to explain the pathophysiology of AD, the oxidative stress induced by amyloid ?-protein (A?) deposition has received ...

Neuroimaging methods can be used to investigate whether sleep disorders are associated with specific changes in brain structure or regional activity. However, it is still unclear how these new data might improve our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying adult sleep disorders. Here we review functional brain imaging findings in major intrinsic ...

Obstructive sleep apnea linked to blood vessel abnormalities American Heart Association Rapid Access Journal Report Study Highlights : Sleep apnea can cause changes in blood vessel function that reduces blood supply to ...

Bipolar spectrum disorders (BP) occur in up to 1% of youth and are associated with significant impairment. Individuals with BP are often characterized by a decreased need for sleep or dysregulated sleep-wake schedules. For children, such sleep problems often relate to impairment in school and ...

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We investigated myocardial perfusion using real-time quantitative myocardial contrast echocardiography with concurrent assessment of macrovascular and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in normotensive subjects with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, ...

Parasomnias are sleep-related abnormal behaviors. They are frequent and overlooked causes of nocturnal disruptive behavior in the elderly, especially when patients are cognitively impaired. Confusion and violence can result in sleep disruption, injuries for the patients or their bed partners, caregivers distress, ...

There is a deep relationship between impaired circadian rhythm and hypertension. However, the detailed mechanisms between the daily sleep-wake rhythm and cardiovascular disorders have not yet been elucidated. To clarify the mechanism, we examined salt-sensitive Dahl rats that were fed normal chow (n=10), high-salt chow (n=10) and high-salt chow with ...

A survey completed by 1237 adults with severe visual impairments found that 20% described the quality of their sleep as poor or very poor. Exercise was associated with better sleep and depression with poorer sleep. However, visual acuity did not predict sleep quality, casting doubt on the idea ...

Allergic inflammation is associated with mood disorders, exacerbation of depression, and suicidal behavior. Mediators of inflammation modulate sleep , with Th1 cytokines promoting NREM sleep and increasing sleepiness and Th2 cytokines (produced during allergic inflammation) impairing sleep. As ...

... and cognitive impairment? (3) What is the mechanism for the noticeable decrease in plasma leptin? These results have ...

Impaired Vascular Regulation in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Effects of Continuous with sleep apnea. This impairment may result in blood flow dysregulation during apnea-induced fluctua- tions in the forearm and cerebral circulation are impaired in patients with ...

The effect of 2 nights of acute sleep deprivation on E-paced addition tests was to impair speed but not accuracy. Impairment was, roughly speaking, a multiplicative function of speed load (time per addition) and amount of sleep loss. If sufficient time pe...

Potential early markers of neurodegeneration such as subtle motor signs, reduced color discrimination, olfactory impairment, and brain perfusion abnormalities have been reported in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, a risk factor for Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. The aim of this study was to reproduce ...

Longitudinal studies in Parkinson disease (PD) have shown that the prevalence of sleep disorders increases with advanced disease. However, two sleep disorders, namely excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) have been described to antedate the development of the classical motor signs and symptoms of PD. ...

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a serious, prevalent condition that has significant morbidity and mortality when untreated. It is strongly associated with obesity and is characterized by changes in the serum levels or secretory patterns of several hormones. Obese patients with OSAS show a reduction of both spontaneous and stimulated growth hormone (GH) secretion ...

Schizophrenia is associated with a wide range of symptoms. These include auditory hallucinations, delusions, and experiences that one is not in control of one's own thoughts and actions, but that they are inserted by an outside agency. It has been proposed that a disturbance in the sense of self may account for many of these symptoms. This disturbance in turn may be associated with source ...

Sleep-related breathing disorders encompass a range of disorders in which abnormal ventilation occurs during sleep as a result of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway, altered respiratory drive, abnormal chest wall movement, or respiratory muscle function. The most common of these is obstructive ...

Study Objectives:Determine prevalence and consequences of sleepiness and sleep disorders after traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:Prospective evaluation with polysomnography (PSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and neuropsychological testing including Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), Profile of Mood States (POMS), ...

Adolescence is accompanied by striking changes in sleep behavior and in the phenomenology of sleep. Maturational changes in the central nervous system underlie changes in adolescent sleep structure. Sleep behaviors change during adolescence in response to maturational changes in sleep ...

The neurobiology of sleep and narcolepsy is reviewed. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is generated by neurons in the preoptic region of the hypothalamus and adjacent basal forebrain. Lesions in these regions cause insomnia. Stimulation of these regions rapidly produces sleep onset. The key brain structure for generating REM ...

... sleep disturbances produce lapses in performance and impairment of short-term memory, wither of ... Subject Categories : STRESS PHYSIOLOGY. ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is increased awareness of sleep disorders and their complexity in developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review is focused on the latest reports of research on sleep disorders in these two developmental disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: ...

All English language studies since 1984 of sleep deprivation and house staff performance are reviewed. Manual and computer surveys identified 14 such studies. Our goal is to examine whether the current literature supports the hypothesis that sleep deprivation significantly impairs house staff performance. Our review finds that the ...

Our overall goal is to use the mouse to identify genetic elements controlling sleep. We will use the Clock mutant mouse because of finding that Clock mutants, in addition to their circadian abnormalities, sleep less than wild-type mice. Over the past year...

The attention of the technician is directed to the increased interest in all-night sleep recordings as a valuable aid in the study of abnormal EEG patterns. A brief description of the various stages of sleep that may be encountered during all-night sleep ...

This study investigated sleep of children with autism and developmental regression and the possible relationship with epilepsy and epileptiform abnormalities. Participants were 104 children with autism (70 non-regressed, 34 regressed) and 162 typically developing children (TD). Results suggested that the regressed group had higher incidence of circadian ...

... drainage of ?uid in the abdomen, which causes ascites, and can cause abnormal growths that impair kidney ...

... Apnea Could Up Risk of Dementia In Elderly Women Odds of cognitive impairment 85 percent higher, study ... Sleep Apnea TUESDAY, Aug. 9 (HealthDay News) -- Elderly women who experience sleep apnea have a higher risk ...

Both sedating and nonsedating sleeping aids may be appropriate for use in specific operational environments to promote sleep and permit efficient utilization of rest periods. Sedating agents, such as the benzodiazepine triazolam, produce an impairment win...

Due credit has not been given to the negative results found by studies that try to relate the kind of sleep deprivation to the kind of performance impairment. There really is little evidence that REM deprivation or Slow Wave sleep deprivation produces muc...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked to the formation of insoluble fibrillar aggregates of the presynaptic protein ?-Synuclein (?S) in neurons. The appearance of such aggregates coincides with severe motor deficits in human patients. These deficits are often preceded by non-motor symptoms such as sleep-related problems in the patients. PD-like motor deficits can be recapitulated ...

Study Objectives:Children with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have impaired responses to hypercapnia, subatmospheric pressure, and inspiratory resistive loading during sleep. This may be due, in part, to an impairment in the afferent limb of the upper airway sensory pathway. Therefore, we hypothesized ...

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a neurological disease characterized by loss of normal REM motor inhibition and subsequent dream enactment. RBD is clinically relevant because it predicts neurodegenerative disease onset (e.g., Parkinson's disease) and is clinically problematic because it disrupts sleep and results in patient ...

OBJECTIVETo determine how thermoregulation of the feet is affected by diabetes and diabetic polyneuropathy in both wakefulness and sleep.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSNormal subjects, diabetic subjects without neuropathy, diabetic subjects with small-fiber diabetic polyneuropathy, and those with advanced diabetic polyneuropathy were categorized based on neurological examination, ...

Chronic fatigue syndrome is an illness characterized by a profound, disabling, and unexplained sensation of fatigue lasting at least 6 months, which severely impairs daily functioning and is accompanied by a combination of non-specific symptoms. Many potential causes of chronic fatigue syndrome have been investigated, including viral infections, immune dysfunctions, ...

Sleep deprivation impairs many cognitive abilities, but these impairments can be reversed after provides. Sleep deprivation is followed by a rebound of sleep that is more intense (Kleitman, 1963 by sleep deprivation (Garavan et al., 1999; Harrison et al., 2000; Chuah et ...

... and/or club feet. Respiratory problems, speech and swallowing disorders, visual impairments, sensory integration dysfunction, sleep disorders, and ...

, H. (1989) Mammalian sleep. Principles and Practices of Sleep Medicine (eds M.H. Kryger, T. Roth & W. Principles and Practices of Sleep Medicine (eds M.H. Kryger, T. Roth & W.C. Dement), pp. 91�100. Saunders

Electroencephalograph (EEG) analysis enables the dynamic behavior of the brain to be examined. If the behavior is nonlinear then nonlinear tools can be used to glean information on brain behavior, and aid in the diagnosis of sleep abnormalities such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). In this paper the ...

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are responsible for the initiation and propagation of transient depolarizing currents and play a critical role in the electrical signaling between neurons. A null mutation in the VGSC gene SCN8A, which encodes the transmembrane protein Na_v1.6, was identified previously in a human family. Heterozygous mutation carriers displayed a range ...

Study Objectives:Commonly used definitions of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) are based on identifying discrete events of breathing abnormalities during sleep that are accompanied by an oxyhemoglobin desaturation (?SaO₂) of at least 4%. However, it is not known whether disordered breathing events with ...

A substantial body of literature supports the intuitive notion that a good night's sleep can facilitate human cognitive performance the next day. Deficits in attention, learning & memory, emotional reactivity, and higher-order cognitive processes, such as executive function and decision making, have all been documented following sleep disruption in ...

Studies have shown that sleep recovery following different protocols of forced waking varies according to the level of stress inherent to each method. Sleep deprivation activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increased corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) impairs sleep. The purpose of the present ...

World wide rules for sleep staging originate to 1967. Since then many investigations aimed to give numbers for the degree of sleep disturbances due to air traffic noise. But the variables used, such as the amount of relative sleep stages, total sleep time, or sleep efficiency, could not explain ...

The link between habitual short sleep and obesity is critically examined from a sleep perspective. Sleep estimates are confounded by 'time in bed', naps; the normal distribution of sleep duration. Wide categorizations of 'short sleep', with claims that <7 h sleep is ...

Non-technical summary One of the proposed functions of sleep is to conserve energy. We determined the amount of energy conserved by sleep in humans, how much more energy is expended when missing a night of sleep, and how much energy is conserved during recovery sleep. Findings support the hypothesis that a function ...

Increasing evidence suggests that disrupted temporal organization impairs behavior, cognition, and affect; further, disruption of circadian clock genes impairs sleep/wake cycle and social rhythms which may be implicated in mental disorders. Despite this strong evidence, a gap in understanding the neural mechanisms of this interaction ...

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that patients with REM sleep behavior disorder, many of whom will develop Parkinson's disease (PD) or a related synucleinopathy, will demonstrate decreased heart rate variability (HRV) compared with a group of age-matched controls as measured by an electrocardiogram during wakefulness. We compared HRV in 11 untreated idiopathic ...

Chronic sleep deprivation is common among workers, and has been associated with negative work outcomes, including absenteeism and occupational accidents. The objective of the present study is to characterize reciprocal relationships between sleep and work. Specifically, we examined how sleep impacts work performance and how work ...

Study Objectives:Sleep deprivation negatively affects memory consolidation, especially in the case of hippocampus-dependent memories. Studies in rodents have shown that 5 hours of sleep deprivation immediately following footshock exposure selectively impairs the formation of a contextual fear memory. In these studies, both acquisition ...

One night sleep deprivation in 10 healthy volunteers was performed: none of them presented an abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (DST) during the following afternoon. In this experimentation, a short deprivation of sleep does not alter DST. Etiopathogenic hypothesis of DST abnormalities (and other factors) ...

Prolonged immobilization plays a significant role in neuromuscular abnormalities and complicates the clinical course of a majority of critically ill patients. Immobilization in critically ill patients is associated with significant morbidity and impaired physical function. Overuse of sedation, sleep deprivation, immobility, and the ...

The Congress of the International Pediatric Sleep Association joint meeting with Pediatric Sleep Medicine Conference was held in Rome on December 3-5, 2010. It was chaired by the president of IPSA, prof. O. Bruni. About 400 participants taking part in 20 sessions could listen to lectures delivered by the most prominent specialists in pediatric ...

Effective sleep/wake schedules for space operations must balance severe time constraints with allocating sufficient time for sleep in order to sustain high levels of neurobehavioral performance. Developing such schedules requires knowledge about the relationship between scheduled �time in bed� (TIB) and actual physiological sleep ...

Cancer patients often report impaired sleep quality. Impaired sleep quality may be due to increased levels of sleep-mediating cytokines resulting from cancer treatment. Exercise may have a positive influence on sleep-mediating cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor ...

A patient operated upon for a midline cerebellar hemangioblastoma developed failure of automatic respiration during sleep, together with central sleep apnea syndrome, approximately two years after receiving radiation therapy to the brain. Clinical and CT scan findings were compatible with a diagnosis of radiation necrosis as the cause of his ...

disorders, such as an obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.1,4,5,12 Thus, for most clinicians, a positive a typical night's sleep, longest duration of nighttime awakening), obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, the diagnostic breakdown was as follows: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (n=648), periodic limb movement

, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; NLD, nonlinear detection; PVC, premature ventricular contraction al. [31], the tech- nique has been applied for studying obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS CS, Arzeno NM, Katz ES. Heart rate variability in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Proceedings

Awareness of the consequences of sleep loss and its implications for public health and safety is increasing. Sleep loss has been shown to generally impair the entire spectrum of mental abilities, ranging from simple psychomotor performance to executive mental functions. Sleep loss may also impact metabolism in a ...

Sleep and sleep-dependent learning are impaired in male cocaine users during abstinence, but for female users little is known. Cocaine dependent men (n=12) and women (n=14), and control participants (n=19) participated in this study of sleep and sleep-dependent learning. Cocaine users were ...

Impaired neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis were shown in three patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia. Abnormalities in cell associated and serum derived activity occurred, and possible mechanisms are suggested.

... syndrome display impaired spermatogenesis, suggesting a fundamental biological defect in testicular function. The majority of these defects are thought to have a genetic basis. Although ... ...

Frank abnormalities on neurological examination developed after 60 hours of sleep loss imposed on 11 normal male volunteers. These include the following: weakness of neck flexion, hand tremor and dysdiadokokinesia, horizontal nystagmus, ptosis, dysarthria...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a frequent disease for which optimal diagnostic methods are still being defined. Treatment of OSA in children should include providing space, improving craniofacial growth, resolving all symptoms, and preventing the development of the disease in the adult years. Adenotonsillectomy (T&A) has been the treatment of choice and ...

Fibromyalgia is a complex condition that is characterized by chronic widespread pain and multiple other symptoms, including fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, stiffness, and depressive episodes. Fibromyalgia may coexist and/or overlap with other conditions that may involve central sensitivity, including chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, ...

The aqueous fraction (AF) of an ethanolic extract from Chrysanthemum indicum was evaluated for analgesic activity in mice using chemical and thermal models of nociception. Given orally, AF at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg produced significant inhibitions on chemical nociception induced by intraperitoneal acetic acid, subplantar formalin/capsaicin injections and on thermal nociception in the ...

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) show neuropsychological impairments ranging from vigilance decrements, attentional lapses and memory gaps to decreased motor coordination, but their cognitive profile, and the origin of the impairments, remain unclear. We sought to establish the neuropsychological profile of 16 newly ...

Although the precise function of sleep is unknown, decades of research strongly implicate that sleep has a vital role in central nervous system (CNS) restoration, memory consolidation, and affect regulation. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep have been of significant interest to psychiatrists; ...

Background:Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are male gender, obesity and abnormalities in neck soft tissue mass. OSA is associated with both growth hormone (GH) excess and severe GH deficiency in adults. Adults with abdominal obesity have markedly suppressed GH secretion.Aim:To study the effect of GH treatment on OSA in abdominally obese men ...

Sleep is defined on the basis of behavioural and physiological criteria dividing it into two states: non rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep which is subdivided into three stages (N1, N2, N3); and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, muscle atonia and desynchronized EEG. Circadian rhythm of ...

Sleep problems may occur in up to 88% of children with visual impairments who have developmental disabilities. The use of oral melatonin has recently been used for the management of sleep difficulties in children with and without disabilities. Sustained-release melatonin may reduce nighttime awakenings and increase total ...

correlates negatively with the amount of SWS obtained. Given that SWS is sensitive to sleep deprivation sleep deprivation, and such subjects may be impaired during encoding of the lists). If this hypothesisThe role of sleep in false memory formation Jessica D. Payne a,c,*, Daniel L. Schacter c , Ruth E

AM, Feyer AM (2000) Moderate sleep deprivation produces impairments in cognitive and motor restriction and total sleep deprivation. Sleep 26, 117� 26. 15) Belenky G, Wesensten NJ, Thorne DR, Thomas ML The Impact of Extended Leave on Sleep and Alertness in the Australian Rail Industry Katie J. ...

The role of the transmembrane receptor Notch in the adult brain is poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that bunched, a negative regulator of Notch, is involved in sleep homeostasis. Genetic evidence indicates that interfering with bunched activity in the mushroom bodies (MBs) abolishes sleep homeostasis. Combining bunched and Delta ...

In Don Quijote de la Mancha, Miguel de Cervantes presents Don Quixote as an amazing character of the 17th century who suffers from delusions and illusions, believing himself to be a medieval knight errant. Besides this neuropsychiatric condition, Cervantes included masterful descriptions of several sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep deprivation, ...

Studies in humans and rats indicate that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors are involved in mammalian sleep expression. We investigated the contribution of the 5-HT2c receptor to sleep expression by examining sleep patterns in mice bearing a targeted null mutation of this receptor. 5-HT2c receptor knock-out mice had more ...

Study Objectives:To evaluate whether paradoxical sleep deprivation-induced memory impairments are due to release of glucocorticoids, by means of corticosterone inhibition with metyrapone.Design:The design was a 2 (Groups [control, paradoxical sleep-deprived]) � 2 (Treatments [vehicle, metyrapone]) study, performed in 2 experiments: ...

... blood vessels, Lip said. Furthermore, patients in the control groups weren�t treated with CPAP therapy, which would ...

fibromyalgia include: Physical or emotional trauma Abnormal pain response - areas in the brain that are responsible for pain may react differently in fibromyalgia patients Sleep...

... abnormal sleep deprivation, mock executions, and chemical induced psychosis." 6 Further examples of prohibited coercion include "threatening ...

... abnormal mitochondria in the myocardium we have not yet succeeded in obtaining convincing evidence of any functional impairment of the heart ...

Jun 16, 2011 ... Developmental abnormalities in young fish indicate that selenium-induced teratogenesis and reproductive impairment are occurring. ...

... the impaired ventricular properties may result from both abnormalities of myocardium ... and Welfare of Japan, Research and Development Grant for ...

Study Objectives:Narcolepsy with cataplexy is caused by a loss of orexin (hypocretin) signaling, but the physiologic mechanisms that result in poor maintenance of wakefulness and fragmented sleep remain unknown. Conventional scoring of sleep cannot reveal much about the process of transitioning between states or the variations within states. We developed ...

ObjectiveNocturnal awakenings are one of the most prevalent sleep disturbances in the general population. Little is known, however, about the frequency of these episodes and how difficulty resuming sleep once awakened affects subjective sleep quality and quantity. Method: This is a cross-sectional telephone study with a representative ...

OBJECTIVE:: Psychomotor vigilance testing (PVT) rapidly assesses attention, reaction time (RT), and abnormal vigilance. Thus, PVT may be an adjunct to screening drivers for high-risk obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)/excess daytime sleepiness (EDS). METHODS:: Commercial drivers and emergency responders undergoing occupational examinations took a 10-minute PVT ...

Decreased ¹²³I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake in MIBG myocardial scintigraphy, olfactory dysfunction, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) are considered useful early indicators of Parkinson disease. We investigated whether patients with PARK2 mutations exhibited myocardial sympathetic abnormalities ...

Lennox-Gastaut (L-G) syndrome is an intractable generalized epilepsy of childhood onset, associated with spike waves at a slow rate and paroxysmal fast activity. These epileptiform discharge patterns are thought to reflect excessive neocortical excitability and arise from neuronal and synaptic features peculiar to the immature central nervous system. The epileptic processes associated with L-G ...

The authors describe 15 cases with evidence of hypothalamic dysfunction 2 to 9 years following megavoltage whole-brain x-irradiation for primary glial neoplasm. The patients received 4000 to 5000 rads in 180- to 200-rad fractions. Dysfunction occurred in the absence of computerized tomography-delineated radiation necrosis or hypothalamic invasion by tumor, and antedated the onset of dementia. ...

The hypothesis that stuttering partly results from neural abnormalities leading to impaired readout of motor commands for well-learned syllables was investigated with GODIVA and DIVA, neurobiological models of speech production. Two brain abnormalities associated with stuttering were investigated: elevated dopamine levels, and ...

Inadequate sleep is known to impair a variety of cognitive capacities, including attention, vigilance, concentration. memory encoding, and some aspects of higher order reasoning and judgment. The ability to unobtrusively measure fatigue and predict its ef...

Inadequate sleep is known to impair a variety of cognitive capacities, including attention, vigilance, concentration, and aspects of higher order reasoning and judgment. The ability to unobtrusively measure fatigue and predict its effects on cognitive per...

Study Objectives:Many patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are obese, and whether obesity itself explains the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in OSA is unknown.We hypothesize that OSA, independent of obesity, contributes to abnormal vascular function.Design:Physiology study.Setting:Academic medical centers.Patients:Obese subjects, ...

The effects of lithium carbonate on sleep patterns have been investigated both acutely in normal and depressed subjects and chronically in depressed subjects. In normal subjects receiving lithium for two weeks total sleep time did not vary, REM sleep decreased and REM sleep latency increased. In depressed subjects, ...

Insomnia is defined by a repeated difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate time and opportunity for sleep and results in some form of daytime impairment in ICSD-2. An adequate evaluation of persistent insomnia requires detailed historical information as well as medical, ...

Sleep disorders in childhood are a common phenomenon. A highly differenciated diagnostic effort is required as sleep in children is extremely variable between individuals, undergoes a constant natural development and depends of cultural influences on sleep behavior. The pathogenesis is predominantly due to environmental variables, ...

Sleep plays a vital role in physical and mental functioning. It is increasingly recognized that disturbed sleep is a highly prevalent and chronic condition that merits greater awareness due to the wide-ranging and serious repercussions associated with it. Nocturia is one of the causes of sleep disturbance and has been shown to ...

Most surveys confirm that older adults report sleeping about 7h a night. While sleep architecture does change with age, most age-related sleep architecture changes occur in early and mid-years. Nevertheless, the incidence of insomnia is higher in older adults than younger adults, but is most often associated with other age-related ...

Good sleep is necessary for physical and mental health. For example, sleep loss impairs immune function, and sleep is altered during infection. Immune signalling molecules are present in the healthy brain, where they interact with neurochemical systems to contribute to the regulation of normal ...

Sleep disturbances are common problems affecting the quality life of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and are often underestimated. The causes of sleep disturbances are multifactorial and include nocturnal motor disturbances, nocturia, ...

Influence of stress on immunity and pathogenesis relates to corticotropic axis: hypothalamus-hypophysis-surrenals (HHS). Its over-stimulation due to traumas during early childhood or before birth seems to generate brain abnormalities such as reduction of hippocampus volume. More typical of adult age, hypothalamus-pineal gland axis (HP), responsible for melatonin production, ...

Background: The study concerns the unknown value of group instruction for mothers of young children with Down syndrome (DS) in preventing or minimizing sleep problems. Method: (1) Children with DS were randomly allocated to an Instruction group (given basic information about children's sleep) and a Control group for later comparison including objective ...

Enhanced target organ damage and cardiovascular morbidity represent common issues observed in both resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. Common pathophysiological features and risk factors justify their coexistence, especially in individuals with increased upper-body adiposity. Impaired sodium handling, sympathetic activation, accelerated ...

Sleep disorders are important manifestations of neurodegenerativediseases and sometimes are clinically evident well before the onset of other neurological manifestations. This review addresses theneuroanatomical basis and the mechanisms of sleep regulation in humans in relation to the neuropathology of entities associated with sleep ...

Severe obstructive sleep apnea in a child with cleft palate and micrognathia developed after soft-palate repair. Continuous positive airway pressure applied to the nose during sleep corrected the abnormalities of sleep and breathing. Long-term treatment produced a remission of all symptoms. Proper technique was ...

OBJECTIVES: Poor sleep is increasingly recognized as contributing to a decreased quality of life, increased morbidity/mortality and heightened pain perception. The purpose of the present study was to assess components of sleep quality and self-identified contributors to sleep fragmentation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurocognitive and behavior abnormality commonly seen in childhood and adolescence. Symptoms and consequences of ADHD and sleep problems frequently overlap, and their relationship is complex and bidirectional. To avoid inappropriate diagnosis and inadequate management, mental health professionals should ...

Extended periods of waking result in physiological impairments in humans, rats, and flies. Sleep homeostasis, the increase in sleep observed following sleep loss, is believed to counter the negative effects of prolonged waking by restoring vital biological processes that are degraded during ...

There is rapidly accumulating evidence of a close relationship between sleep loss and cognition. Neuropsychologists need to become aware of this body of knowledge as the effects of sleep loss on brain functions are significant. The current study (a) outlines the extent to which insufficient sleep affects performance on cognitive tasks ...

Sleep impairment is linked as a contributing factor to motor vehicle crashes, industrial disasters, and medical and other occupational errors (1). Persons experiencing sleep insufficiency are more likely to have chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, or obesity (2,3). In 2008, approximately 28 % of ...

ABSTRACTBackground: The phenomenology of delirium is understudied, including how the symptom profile varies across populations. The aim of this study was to explore phenomenology occurring in patients with delirium referred to an old age psychiatry consultation-liaison setting and compare with delirium occurring in palliative care patients.Methods: Consecutive cases of DSM-IV delirium were ...

BackgroundChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disabling condition that affects approximately 800,000 adult Americans. The pathophysiology remains unknown and there are no diagnostic markers or characteristic physical signs or laboratory abnormalities. Most CFS patients complain of unrefreshing sleep and many of the postulated etiologies of CFS affect ...

... Santhi, N., Horowitz, TS, & Czeisler, CA (2005). Night shift work impairs decision- making in visual search. Sleep, 28 (supplement) ...

... Title : 84 Hours of Exertional Fatigue, Negative Energy Balance, and Sleep Deprivation Impairs Shivering During Cold Air Exposure in Men. ...