Fractures of the scaphoid bone mainly occur in young adults and constitute 2-7% of all fractures. The specific blood supply in combination with the demanding functional requirements can easily lead to disturbed fracture healing. Displaced scaphoid fractures are seen on radiographs. The diagnostic strategy of suspected ...

Scaphoid fracture is the most common fracture in carpal bone of the wrist and represents 11% of all upper extremity fractures. In most cases, the mechanism of injury is a fall with an outstretched hand. Scaphoid fracture detection can be made by clinical examination and standard radiography. Computed tomography (CT), bone scan and MRI improve the ...

The scaphoid is the most common of the carpal bones to fracture; upper limb fractures are associated in 5-10% of cases, and around 2% of the concomitant fractures are of the distal radius. One case of bilateral carpal scaphoid fractures associated with bilateral distal radius fractures is presented. Radiographs showed displaced ...

The peculiar shape of scaphoid hinders a precise evaluation of its fracture configuration, displacement and accuracy of screw placement. Its tenuous vascular supply risks the complications of delayed union, nonunion and avascular necrosis. Scaphoid is the focus of ligamentous attachment governing carpal kinematics. Preservation of its ...

Scaphoid fractures are among the most common hand fractures in adults. The geometry of the scaphoid as it relates to its retrograde blood supply renders it particularly prone to avascular necrosis and other fracture complications. Though there has been long-standing debate over the optimal method of diagnosing scaphoid fractures, the ...

This article reviews current knowledge about scaphoid fractures in children and adolescents, including the development of the scaphoid, its injuries and age-specific treatment for acute and late presenting fractures. The following recommendations are based on the literature, although scientific evidence to support treatment strategies is scarce. The ...

Calcaneo-scaphoid coalition occurs in a number of forms, having one feature in common, namely, a skeletal abnormality of the calcaneo-scaphoid gap. The condition is congenital, but nothing is known of its causation. Ranking at first as merely an anatomical curiosity, it was later recognized to be frequently associated with spasmodic ...

Scaphoid fractures are the most common carpal fracture, accounting for 70 a 80% of all fractures of the wrist. The diagnosis of acute fracture of the scaphoid still continues to be missed despite an increasing improvement of imaging techniques. In fact, these fractures are mainly neglected because of minimal early symptoms or quick resolution of initial ...

Immobilization protocols for nondisplaced scaphoid fractures have included the elbow, wrist, and thumb. This study attempts to demonstrate whether or not immobilization of the thumb makes a difference in preventing motion at the scaphoid fracture site. Using six fresh frozen forearm specimens, a transverse waist scaphoid fracture was ...

...false Wrist joint carpal scaphoid polymer prosthesis. 888.3760 Section...3760 Wrist joint carpal scaphoid polymer prosthesis. (a) Identification. A wrist joint carpal scaphoid polymer prosthesis is a one-piece...

Twelve wrists in 10 patients with a mean age of 23.6 years were treated for symptomatic increased ulnar inclination of the joint surface with corrective osteotomy of the radius. Diagnoses included mild ulnar dysplasia, posttraumatic deformity, Madelung's disease, and multiple hereditary exostosis. All patients had radial-sided wrist pain and an ulnarly displaced arc of ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in cadavers a new method for treating scapholunate dissociations, dorsal intercarpal ligament capsulodesis (DILC), and to compare its performance with that of a previously described soft tissue reconstruction, Blatt capsulodesis (BC). A cadaver model was used to simulate normal and abnormal wrist motions. The positions of the ...

Question mark ear deformity or Cosman ear is a very uncommon congenital alteration. The deformity includes a cleft between the posterior helix and the lobule, an increase in anterior projection, an abnormal superior third that modifies the superior crura and the scaphoid fossa, partial or complete absence of the antihelix, transposition of the lobule and ...

... includes the scaphoid), or scaphoidectomy and partial wrist fusion (remove the arthritic scaphoid bone and fuse four ... arthritis, wrist arthroplasty (joint replacement) or total wrist fusion may be performed. Figure 1: Ligaments of wrist ...

... when the thumb is held in a "hitch-hiking" position. The scaphoid is at the base of ... and speed healing. There is a lot of research being done on the best way to treat ...

Melorheostosis is a rare mesodermal disease affecting the skeleton and adjacent soft tissues. Often it is incidentally detected on radiographs. In the standard radiology and orthopedics literature, melorheostosis is described as a "flowing hyperostosis, resembling dripping candle wax as an incidental radiographic finding." A 22-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of right-hand pain. ...

... presence of avascular necrosis or in certain fractures refractory to treatment, a vascularized bone graft � a piece ...

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A biomechanical study was performed on fresh cadaver forearms to investigate the role of the scapholunate interosseous ligament in carpal stability. Scaphoid and lunate motion and radiocarpal and ulnocarpal pressure patterns were continually monitored while the wrist was moved physiologically. Prior to ligament sectioning, it was found that the position of the ...

Displaced intra-articular distal radius fractures are difficult to treat, with numerous associated complications. The potential onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) is a major concern. The relationship between malreduced intra-articular fracture of the distal radius and subsequent early onset of radiocarpal OA is clinically important, yet poorly understood. To better ...

The placement of a headless screw within the scaphoid is important for successful fixation of fractured scaphoids. We ascertained the safe position of a screw using virtual collision experiments on a three-dimensionally reconstructed scaphoid bone and screw model, and applied measured angles to simple radiographs. We used images from ...

Purpose:Carpal bones show hysteresis that is dependent on the direction of wrist motion during a continuous active loading protocol. We describe an accurate methodology for analyzing the hysteresis effect and we apply this model to analyze the effect of sequential ligament sectioning on scapholunate instability.Methods:In 8 fresh cadaver forearms scaphoid, lunate, and third ...

A suprahepatic, anteriorly displaced gallbladder in association with an inverted liver is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. We report the clinical and radiologic findings associated with a 78-year-old woman presenting with shortness of breath, desaturation, hypercapnia and hypoxemia. An abnormal chest radiograph demonstrated right hemi-diaphragmatic ...

Scaphoid malunion and carpal malalignment can result after scaphoid reconstruction, if the two fragments are not properly reduced before fixation. However, currently there is no information about which degree of deformity or malalignment can be tolerated without impairing clinical function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the ...

Scapholunate interosseous ligament repair with dorsal capsular augmentation is an established surgical treatment for traumatic scapholunate instability. We report a case of scaphoid osteonecrosis that developed after this procedure and discuss the possible causes of this complication. PMID:20363566

Authors describe the results of the partial selective denervation from radio-volar exposure of the wrist, simultaneously with the osteosynthesis of the pseudoarthrosis of the scaphoid with Ender plates. After a 1-8 years follow up, 3/4 of the patients whose scaphoid pseudoarthrosis was 6.5 years old in average, and had at the operation middle or severe ...

Currently described sources of bone graft, such as iliac crest and distal radius, for supplemental fixation of scaphoid fractures are suboptimal. In our experience, olecranon bone has the advantage of providing a convenient source of corticocancellous block graft that can be harvested within the same sterile operative field used for fixation of the ...

We retrospectively studied 13 patients with degenerative change associated with a scaphoid nonunion treated by internal fixation and bone graft. All patients had radiological signs of radioscaphoid degenerative change (scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse - scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse - grade II or more) and had surgery more ...

Post traumatic osteonecrosis of distal pole of scaphoid is very rare. We present a case of 34 years old male, drill operator by occupation with nontraumatic osteonecrosis of distal pole of the scaphoid. The patient was managed conservatively and was kept under regular follow-up every three months. The patient was also asked to change his profession. Two ...

PURPOSE: Percutaneous scaphoid fixation (PSF) is growing in popularity as a treatment option for non-displaced fractures. Success of this procedure demands high-precision screw placement, which can be difficult to achieve with standard 2D imaging. This study aimed to develop and test a system for computer-assisted navigation using volume slicing of 3D ...

resources and pollen limitation in Astragalus scaphoides, a bee- pollinated plant that flowers in alternate but might affect long-term resource gain and fruiting dynamics. Keywords: Astragalus scaphoides, pollen wildflower, Astragalus scaphoides. Ecologists have traditionally explained mast seeding at two levels, which

Despite the high incidence of scaphoid fractures, their diagnosis and treatment is often delayed which can lead to complications such as non-union, avascular necrosis, and future arthritis. We present three cases with non-classical mechanisms of injury, leading to a delayed diagnosis in all three cases. Our cases serve to emphasize the importance of a high index of suspicion ...

A case is presented of isolated scaphoid dislocation with carpal dissociation in the presence of a lunato-triquetral coalition. We present the treatment and follow-up of this case. In addition, the literature on scaphoid dislocation and its treatment is reviewed. We emphasize the need to reconstruct the carpal alignment and scapho-lunate linkage.

Objective: To use an extremity magnetic resonance system to perform kinematic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patellofemoral joint to qualitatively assess the effect of bracing on patellar position. Design and Setting: Subjects underwent kinematic MRI of the symptomatic extremity with a 0.2-Tesla extremity magnetic resonance system. Images were obtained using a knee coil and a ...

The arterial catheter position of 500 courses of intra-arterial chemotherapy were monitored by intraarterially introduced Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) particles. Seventeen instances of abnormally positioned catheters (3.4%) were detected by MAA arterial perfusion (MAAAP). All these abnormally positioned catheters were subsequently ...

One-hundred and seventeen patients with acute thoracolumbar vertebral column fracture or fracture-dislocations were analyzed and classified into stable (36%) and unstable (64%). Eight helpful roentgen signs were observed that may serve to direct attention to serious underlying, often occult, fractures and dislocations. The changes fall into four principal groups: abnormal soft ...

Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse are common patterns of wrist arthritis. Scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse is caused by trauma, whereas SLAC wrist may also result from chronic pseudogout and can appear bilaterally without a clear history of injury. Surgical treatment for SLAC wrist includes 4-corner ...

OBJECTIVE: To help make diagnosis and treatment of scaphoid fracture more precise by review of published evidence. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: MEDLINE was searched using the terms "scaphoid," "carpal navicular," "fracture," "computed tomography," "bone scan," and "scintigraphy." Most papers were case-series observational reports. Papers were cited if the case ...

Scaphoid fracture fixation using a cannulated headless compression screw and the Matti-Russe procedure for the treatment of scaphoid nonunions are performed routinely. Surgeons performing these procedures need to be familiar with the anatomy of the scaphoid. A literature review reveals relatively few articles on this subject. The goal ...

PURPOSE: We studied 2 methods used for screw placement through a volar approach for fixation of scaphoid fractures. METHODS: We performed measurements on 20 computed tomography scans of unfractured scaphoids. A central virtual guidewire was computed in 10 scaphoids with the wrist in neutral or in extension and ulnar deviation. Second, ...

... measured length (mm), width (mm), mass (g), and volume (ml) using water displacement for undamaged runt eggs (n = 7) and undamaged/ unhatched normal eggs (n = 176) collected during 2005�2006 (Table 1). Mea...

INTRODUCTIONUp to 40% of scaphoid fractures are missed at initial presentation as clinical examination and plain radiographs are poor at identifying scaphoid fractures immediately after the injury. Avoiding a delay in diagnosis is essential to prevent the risk of non-union and early wrist arthritis. We demonstrate the use of CT scanning for the early ...

Bone strength and structure are closely associated with fracture and screw fixation, however osseous micro architecture on scaphoid has not been clearly addressed. We conducted histomorphometric study of the scaphoid using micro CT to find regional variations and differences in the scaphoid to provide better understanding of fracture ...

Processes journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/behavproc Abnormal patterns of displacement activities Received in revised form 9 March 2008 Accepted 1 May 2008 Keywords: Anticipation Attention Displacement activity Dynamics Interference Motivation a b s t r a c t A series of important theoretical contributions

One hundred and thirty native American Indian patients undergoing orthodontic treatment for malocclusions were screened for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) abnormalities. These patients were followed over the course of orthodontic treatment and six of these patients suffered a traumatic injury to the TMJ. These six patients who had been previously screened and found to be ...

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP), an abnormal displacement into the left atrium of a thickened and redundant mitral valve during systole, is a relatively frequent abnormality in humans and may be associated with serious complications. A recent study implicates fibrillin-1, a component of extracellular matrix microfibrils, in the ...

Injuries involving the sternoclavicular region resulting in posterior displacement of the medial clavicle are rare, and those that occur prior to fusion of the medial epiphyseal growth plate are more often a result of physis fracture, rather than sternoclavicular joint dislocation. Medial clavicular physis fractures initially are treated by closed reduction with the ...

One hundred and eleven patients with signs and symptoms of carpal scaphoid injury, but with no fracture visible on X-ray, underwent bone scintigraphy of the wrists. The first 42 patients were re-X-rayed 10 days after injury: bone scanning had identified all fractures confirmed on this X-ray; there were no false negative bone scans. Sixty-seven patients (60%) did not have ...

This study evaluated the effects of sectioning the scapholunate interosseous ligament, radioscaphocapitate ligament, and scaphotrapezial ligament on the kinematics of the scaphoid and lunate. Eight cadaver upper extremities were placed in a wrist joint simulator and moved in continuous cycles of flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation. Positional data of the ...

This study evaluated the effects of sectioning the scapholunate interosseous ligament, radioscaphocapitate ligament, and scaphotrapezial ligament on the kinematics of the scaphoid and lunate. Eight cadaver upper extremities were placed in a wrist joint simulator and moved in continuous cycles of flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation. Positional data of the ...

Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the scaphoid, also called Preiser's disease, has been diagnosed in only 150 cases. Its clinical and radiological description is well established, but there is no consensus regarding its treatment. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman, with an advanced disease; treated arthroscopically by partial resection of the ...

In a retrospective study the results of a series 34 wrist arthroscopies in 189 acute scaphoid fractures were analysed. Scapholunate ligament tears were found in 13 cases. In 10 cases there was complete disruption of scapholunate interosseous ligament causing dynamic instability. Partial ligament tears without instability were seen in three cases. Despite the limitations of ...

Isolated fracture of the scaphoid with an associated anterosuperior dislocation of the proximal fragment is an extremely rare injury. We present two cases where open reduction and internal fixation through a palmar and dorsal approach was performed. No instances of non-union, necrosis of the proximal fragment of the scaphoid or scapholunate dissociation ...

Purpose:To determine the in vitro motion of the scaphoid and lunate during wrist circumduction and wrist dart-throw motions and to see how these motions change after the ligamentous stabilizers of the scaphoid and lunate are sectioned in a manner simulating scapholunate instability.Methods:Twenty-one fresh-frozen cadaver forearms were moved through a ...

Avascular necrosis of bone may affect specific areas of the body where the blood supply to the bone or part of the bone is vulnerable to injury or disease. In the carpal scaphoid, it can find this entity consequent a trauma, microtrauma, or fractures, especially in the proximal pole (Preiser in Fortschr Geb Roentgenstr 15:189-197, 1910), associated with a systemic disease, ...

A 16-year-old girl with bilateral congenital posterior keratoconus of the localized type had corneal transplantation performed on one eye. Around the scarred central corneal cone there was a ring of Descemet's membrane with large knob-like excrescences. A small anterior subcapsular cataract was also present in this eye. The pattern of corneal scarring, as seen by electron microscopy, suggested an ...

BACKGROUND: The scaphoid bone is the most commonly fractured of the carpal bones. In the Netherlands 90% of all carpal fractures is a fracture of the scaphoid bone. The scaphoid has an essential role in functionality of the wrist, acting as a pivot. Complications in healing can result in poor functional outcome. The ...

BackgroundThe scaphoid bone is the most commonly fractured of the carpal bones. In the Netherlands 90% of all carpal fractures is a fracture of the scaphoid bone. The scaphoid has an essential role in functionality of the wrist, acting as a pivot. Complications in healing can result in poor functional outcome. The ...

to develop biomechanical models of the wrist joint using varying bone geometries. They can also be appliedStatistical descriptions of scaphoid and lunate bone shapes Martijn van de Giessen a,b,n , Mahyar s t r a c t Diagnosing of injuries of the wrist bones is problematic due to a highly complex

Rotary subluxation of the carpal scaphoid is a rare condition that may lead to collapse of the wrist. The subluxation is the result of disruption of the scapholunate interosseous ligament, often secondary to scaphoid fracture or significant trauma. The characteristic clinical and radiographic findings are discussed. Controversy exists regarding treatment, ...

PURPOSE: The American College of Radiologists (ACR) recognises the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the investigation of choice in patients with a clinically suspected scaphoid fracture but normal plain radiographs. The Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) in the UK produces no similar guidelines, as evidenced by the inconsistent management of such cases in ...

We describe the case of a 17-year-old girl, who presented to our Accident and Emergency (A&E) department following minor trauma to her forearm. Initial x-rays were misread as normal. Radiographs demonstrated classical features of rotatory subluxation of the scaphoid, which was found to be bilateral.ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2

We aimed to record the prevalence of disc displacement and bony changes in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of patients with skeletal open bite. We studied 25 patients (50 joints) with skeletal open bite, 25 volunteers with no dentofacial abnormalities (50 joints), and 44 patients with closed lock and no dentofacial abnormalities ...

After the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York in 2001, thousands of response workers were exposed to complex mixtures of toxins, pollutants, and carcinogens. Many developed illnesses involving the respiratory tract. We report unusual ultrastructural ciliary abnormalities in 3 response workers that corresponded to their respiratory and ciliary ...

After fracture, the unique anatomy and blood supply of the scaphoid itself predisposes to nonunion. Scaphoid nonunion presents a formidable challenge to surgeons because of the difficulties for fixation, and the high failure rate after treatment. The Ni-Ti shape-memory alloy can provide compressive stress at the nonunion site, which is the key point for ...

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of anterior vascularized bone graft in the treatment of primitive nonunion of the scaphoid. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 26 scaphoid nonunion cases treated by this technique between 2004 and 2009. The mean age was 38 years. Nonunion was of types IIA and IIB according to the Alnot's ...

Screws with different levels of compression force are available for scaphoid fixation and it is known that the Acutrak screw generates greater compression than the Herbert screw. We retrospectively compared two types of headless compression screw for their effectiveness in the repair of scaphoid nonunion. Twenty-nine cases of proximal ...

Patellofemoral joint instability is a complex clinical problem. It may be a consequence of pre-existing anatomical abnormality or trauma. The objectives of this study were to use experimental mechanics to measure patellar stability and to quantify the effects of pathological abnormalities on patellar stability in vitro. Eight fresh-frozen cadaver knees ...

Eight cases of obstructive hydrocephalus manifesting palsy of upward gaze and other features of the Sylvian aqueduct syndrome are reported. During the crisis of intracranial hypertension, all of them developed upward gaze palsy and variable abnormalities of the convergence mechanism such as paralysis, spasm, and convergence nystagmus. The frequent apparent blindness was ...

We report two autopsy cases that revealed the partial absence of the septum pellucidum with ventriculomegaly. In each case, the brain showed mild dilatation of both frontal horns of the lateral ventricles, normal third and fourth ventricles and no aqueductal stenosis. The posterior portion of the septum pellucidum was absent and the fornices were fused in a single midline nodule, ...

We report two autopsy cases that revealed the partial absence of the septum pellucidum with ventriculomegaly. In each case, the brain showed mild dilatation of both frontal horns of the lateral ventricles, normal third and fourth ventricles and no aqueductal stenosis. The posterior portion of the septum pellucidum was absent and the fornices were fused in a single midline nodule, ...

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of dynamic gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with that of standard MR imaging for assessing the viability of the proximal pole of the scaphoid in patients with nonunion. Materials and Methods: The study protocol was submitted to the institutional review board, and the need to obtain additional approval was waived for this ...

An earthquake with an MS=5.6 (mb=5.5) which occurred near Torishima, Japan, on June 13, 1984, generated abnormally large tsunamis (tsunami magnitude Mt=7.3) for its relatively small earthquake magnitude. The maximum amplitude of the tsunamis is not a simple function of distance as the magnitude formula implies. In order to quantify the abnormal tsunamis, ...

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence is uncommon in the male dog. Diagnosis is made on the basis of the history (full bladder intermittent incontinence with persistence of normal micturitions), clinical examination and by exclusion of other causes of incontinence, such as prostatic disease, lower urinary tract abnormalities and cystitis. This report describes a case in an ...

This study was performed to establish whether the "cam" impinging femur has a single deformity of the head-neck junction or multiple abnormalities. Average dimensions (anteversion angle, ? angle of Notzli, ? angle of Beaul�, normalized anterior head offset) were compared between normal and impinging femora. The results demonstrated that impinging femora had wider necks, ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cutting of the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) and persistent widening of the scapholunate (SL) joint on changes in moment arms of the principal wrist motor tendons. In seven fresh frozen cadaveric upper extremities, excursions of the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), flexor ...

We studied the effect of rehabilitation strength training and return to activities on anterior-posterior knee displacements after patellar tendon autogenous anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A total of 938 measurements were sequentially collected for 142 patients with the KT-2000 arthrometer. Rehabilitation included immediate knee motion and early weightbearing, light ...

Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is characterized by an abnormal disc-condyle relationship. Of all the various treatment modalities used in the management of disc displacements, flat occlusal and anterior repositioning splints are the most commonly used. Myofunctional appliances (such as bite-jumping appliances) are also advocated ...