Sample records for abo3-type perovskite compounds

  1. Machine Learning of ABO3 Crystalline Compounds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gubernatis, J. E.; Balachandran, P. V.; Lookman, T.

    We apply two advanced machine learning methods to a database of experimentally known ABO3 materials to predict the existence of possible new perovskite materials and possible new cubic perovskites. Constructing a list of 625 possible new materials from charge conserving combinations of A and B atoms in known stable ABO3 materials, we predict about 440 new perovskites. These new perovskites are predicted most likely to occur when the A and B atoms are a lanthanide or actinide, when the A atom is a alkali, alkali earth, or late transition metal, and a when the B atom is a p-block atom. These results are in basic agreement with the recent materials discovery by substitution analysis of Hautier et al. who data-mined the entire ICSD data base to develop the probability that in any crystal structure atom X could be substituted for by atom Y. The results of our analysis has several points of disagreement with a recent high throughput DFT study of ABO3 crystalline compounds by Emery et al. who predict few, if any, new perovskites whose A and B atoms are both a lanthanide. They also predict far more new cubic perovskites than we do: We predict few, if any, with a high degree of probability. This work was supported by the LDRD DR program of the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

  2. Investigations of Transition Metal Oxide with the Perovskite Structure as Potential Multiferroics

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-10-01

    the perovskite structure (ABO3) which are either ferromagnetic or ferroelectric, but relatively few that display both types of properties . This...novel material that displays the properties of both end members. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Multiferroics, perovskite , transition metal oxides 16. SECURITY...multiferroic properties (22). The compound has a simple cubic perovskite structure and is defined as a quantum paraelectric. It consists of Eu2+ ions

  3. Interfacial coupling and polarization of perovskite ABO3 heterostructures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Lijun; Wang, Zhen; Zhang, Bangmin; Yu, Liping; Chow, G. M.; Tao, Jing; Han, Myung-Geun; Guo, Hangwen; Chen, Lina; Plummer, E. W.; Zhang, Jiandi; Zhu, Yimei

    2017-02-01

    Interfaces with subtle difference in atomic and electronic structures in perovskite ABO3 heterostructures often yield intriguingly different properties, yet their exact roles remain elusive. In this article, we report an integrated study of unusual transport, magnetic, and structural properties of Pr0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (PSMO) films and La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) films of various thicknesses on SrTiO3 (STO) substrate. In particular, using atomically resolved imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), we measured interface related local lattice distortion, BO6 octahedral rotation and cation-anion displacement induced polarization. In the very thin PSMO film, an unexpected interface-induced ferromagnetic polaronic insulator phase was observed during the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition of the substrate STO, due to the enhanced electron-phonon interaction and atomic disorder in the film. On the other hand, for the very thin LSMO films we observed a remarkably deep polarization in non-ferroelectric STO substrate near the interface. Combining the experimental results with first principles calculations, we propose that the observed deep polarization is induced by an electric field originating from oxygen vacancies that extend beyond a dozen unit-cells from the interface, thus providing important evidence of the role of defects in the emergent interface properties of transition metal oxides.

  4. Generalized trends in the formation energies of perovskite oxides.

    PubMed

    Zeng, ZhenHua; Calle-Vallejo, Federico; Mogensen, Mogens B; Rossmeisl, Jan

    2013-05-28

    Generalized trends in the formation energies of several families of perovskite oxides (ABO3) and plausible explanations to their existence are provided in this study through a combination of DFT calculations, solid-state physics analyses and simple physical/chemical descriptors. The studied elements at the A site of perovskites comprise rare-earth, alkaline-earth and alkaline metals, whereas 3d and 5d metals were studied at the B site. We also include ReO3-type compounds, which have the same crystal structure of cubic ABO3 perovskites except without A-site elements. From the observations we extract the following four conclusions for the perovskites studied in the present paper: for a given cation at the B site, (I) perovskites with cations of identical oxidation state at the A site possess close formation energies; and (II) perovskites with cations of different oxidation states at the A site usually have quite different but ordered formation energies. On the other hand, for a given A-site cation, (III) the formation energies of perovskites vary linearly with respect to the atomic number of the elements at the B site within the same period of the periodic table, and the slopes depend systematically on the oxidation state of the A-site cation; and (IV) the trends in formation energies of perovskites with elements from different periods at the B site depend on the oxidation state of A-site cations. Since the energetics of perovskites is shown to be the superposition of the individual contributions of their constituent oxides, the trends can be rationalized in terms of A-O and B-O interactions in the ionic crystal. These findings reveal the existence of general systematic trends in the formation energies of perovskites and provide further insight into the role of ion-ion interactions in the properties of ternary compounds.

  5. A study on the thermal conversion of scheelite-type ABO4 into perovskite-type AB(O,N)3.

    PubMed

    Li, Wenjie; Li, Duan; Gao, Xin; Gurlo, Aleksander; Zander, Stefan; Jones, Philip; Navrotsky, Alexandra; Shen, Zhijian; Riedel, Ralf; Ionescu, Emanuel

    2015-05-07

    Phase-pure scheelite AMoO4 and AWO4 (A = Ba, Sr, Ca) were thermally treated under an ammonia atmosphere at 400 to 900 °C. SrMoO4 and SrWO4 were shown to convert into cubic perovskite SrMoO2N and SrWO1.5N1.5, at 700 °C and 900 °C respectively, and to form metastable intermediate phases (scheelite SrMoO4-xNx and SrWO4-xNx), as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. High-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry reveals that the enthalpy of formation for SrM(O,N)3 (M = Mo, W) perovskites is less negative than that of the corresponding scheelite oxides, though the conversion of the scheelite oxides into perovskite oxynitrides is thermodynamically favorable at moderate temperatures. The reaction of BaMO4 with ammonia leads to the formation of rhombohedral Ba3M2(O,N)8 and the corresponding binary metal nitrides Mo3N2 and W4.6N4; similar behavior was observed for CaMO4, which converted upon ammonolysis into individual oxides and nitrides. Thus, BaMO4 and CaMO4 were shown to not provide access to perovskite oxynitrides. The influence of the starting scheelite oxide precursor, the structure distortion and the degree of covalency of the B-site-N bond are discussed within the context of the formability of perovskite oxynitrides.

  6. Crystallographic site swapping of La3+ ion in BaA'LaTeO6 (A' = Na, K, Rb) double perovskite type compounds: diffraction and photoluminescence evidence for the site swapping.

    PubMed

    Phatak, R; Gupta, S K; Krishnan, K; Sali, S K; Godbole, S V; Das, A

    2014-02-28

    Double perovskite type compounds of the formula BaA'LaTeO6 (A' = Na, K, Rb) were synthesized by solid state route and their crystal structures were determined by Rietveld analysis using powder X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction data. Na compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system with P2₁/n space group whereas, K and Rb compounds crystallize in Fm3m space group. All the three compounds show rock salt type ordering at B site. Crystal structure analysis shows that La ion occupies A site in Na compound whereas, it occupies B site in K and Rb compounds according to the general formula of AA'BB'O6 for a double perovskite type compound. Effect of this crystallographic site swapping of the La ion was also observed in the photoluminescence study by doping Eu(3+) in La(3+) site. The large decrease in the intensity of the electric dipole ((5)D0-(7)F2) transition in the Rb compound compared to the Na compound indicates that Eu(3+) ion resides in the centrosymmetric octahedral environment in the Rb compound.

  7. Structural characterization of a new vacancy ordered perovskite modification found for Ba{sub 3}Fe{sub 3}O{sub 7}F (BaFeO{sub 2.333}F{sub 0.333}): Towards understanding of vacancy ordering for different perovskite-type ferrites

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Clemens, Oliver, E-mail: oliver.clemens@kit.edu; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen

    2015-05-15

    The new vacancy ordered perovskite-type compound Ba{sub 3}Fe{sub 3}O{sub 7}F (BaFeO{sub 2.33}F{sub 0.33}) was prepared by topochemical low-temperature fluorination of Ba{sub 2}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 5} (BaFeO{sub 2.5}) using stoichiometric amounts of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). The vacancy order was found to be unique so far for perovskite compounds, and the connectivity pattern can be explained by the formula Ba{sub 3}(FeX{sub 6/2}) (FeX{sub 5/2}) (FeX{sub 3/2}X{sub 1/1}), with X=O/F. Mössbauer measurements were used to confirm the structural analysis and agree with the presence of Fe{sup 3+} in the above mentioned coordination environments. Group–subgroup relationships were used to build a starting model for themore » structure solution and to understand the relationship to the cubic perovskite structure. Furthermore, a comparison of a variety of vacancy-ordered iron-containing perovskite-type structures is given, highlighting the factors which favour one structure type over the other depending on the composition. - Graphical abstract: The crystal structure of Ba{sub 3}Fe{sub 3}O{sub 7}F in comparison to other perovskite type ferrites. - Highlights: • The crystal structure of Ba{sub 3}Fe{sub 3}O{sub 7}F in comparison to other perovskite type ferrites. • Ba{sub 3}Fe{sub 3}O{sub 7}F was synthesized by low temperature fluorination of Ba{sub 2}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 5}. • Ba{sub 3}Fe{sub 3}O{sub 7}F shows a unique vacancy order not found for other perovskite type compounds. • The structure of Ba{sub 3}Fe{sub 3}O{sub 7}F was solved using group–subgroup relationships. • A systematic comparison to other ferrite type compounds reveals structural similarities and differences. • The A-site coordination of the cation is shown to play an important role for the type of vacancy order found.« less

  8. Predictions of new AB O3 perovskite compounds by combining machine learning and density functional theory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Balachandran, Prasanna V.; Emery, Antoine A.; Gubernatis, James E.; Lookman, Turab; Wolverton, Chris; Zunger, Alex

    2018-04-01

    We apply machine learning (ML) methods to a database of 390 experimentally reported A B O3 compounds to construct two statistical models that predict possible new perovskite materials and possible new cubic perovskites. The first ML model classified the 390 compounds into 254 perovskites and 136 that are not perovskites with a 90% average cross-validation (CV) accuracy; the second ML model further classified the perovskites into 22 known cubic perovskites and 232 known noncubic perovskites with a 94% average CV accuracy. We find that the most effective chemical descriptors affecting our classification include largely geometric constructs such as the A and B Shannon ionic radii, the tolerance and octahedral factors, the A -O and B -O bond length, and the A and B Villars' Mendeleev numbers. We then construct an additional list of 625 A B O3 compounds assembled from charge conserving combinations of A and B atoms absent from our list of known compounds. Then, using the two ML models constructed on the known compounds, we predict that 235 of the 625 exist in a perovskite structure with a confidence greater than 50% and among them that 20 exist in the cubic structure (albeit, the latter with only ˜50 % confidence). We find that the new perovskites are most likely to occur when the A and B atoms are a lanthanide or actinide, when the A atom is an alkali, alkali earth, or late transition metal atom, or when the B atom is a p -block atom. We also compare the ML findings with the density functional theory calculations and convex hull analyses in the Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD), which predicts the T =0 K ground-state stability of all the A B O3 compounds. We find that OQMD predicts 186 of 254 of the perovskites in the experimental database to be thermodynamically stable within 100 meV/atom of the convex hull and predicts 87 of the 235 ML-predicted perovskite compounds to be thermodynamically stable within 100 meV/atom of the convex hull, including 6 of these to

  9. Competition between structural instabilities in strained ABO3 nanostructures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bousquet, E.

    2010-03-01

    In spite of their simple structure, the family of ABO3 compounds present a large variety of phase transitions involving polar and non polar distortions as well as magnetic orders. Here we will discuss the microscopic origin of these properties and how they are affected in nanostructures through the concept of structural instabilities. We will from the fact that the ferroelectric (FE) and the antiferrodistortive (AFD) instabilities are in competition at the bulk level and are strongly sensitive to pressure and strain. From these considerations we will describe the possibilities to tune this FE/AFD competition by playing with strain and interface engineering. To that end we will first consider the effect of epitaxial strain on BaTiO3, SrTiO3, PbTiO3 and CaTiO3 thin films. In all of these compounds, the epitaxial strain can strongly modify the phase diagrams giving rise to different pure or mixed FE/AFD ground states. We will also extend the discussion on magnetic perovskites like CaMnO3 and will present the different strategies to induce or tune multiferroic properties. Second we will focus on the interface effects as present in bicolor superlattices. As an example we will examine the case of PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattice and will show that it exhibits totally unique properties arising from unexpected FE/AFD couplings at the interface between the layers. We will then investigate to which extent similar types of FE/AFD couplings can be induced in other artificially layered systems. We will consider different bicolor superlattices obtained from the combination of PbTiO3, SrTiO3, CaTiO3 and BaTiO3 and discuss how the intrinsic tendency of these compounds to favor either the FE or the AFD instabilities shifts or even suppresses the FE/AFD coupling.

  10. Phase formation and UV luminescence of Gd3+ doped perovskite-type YScO3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shimizu, Yuhei; Ueda, Kazushige

    2016-10-01

    Synthesis of pure and Gd3+doped perovskite-type YScO3 was attempted by a polymerized complex (PC) method and solid state reaction (SSR) method. Crystalline phases and UV luminescence of samples were examined with varying heating temperatures. The perovskite-type single phase was not simply formed in the SSR method, as reported in some literatures, and two cubic C-type phases of starting oxide materials remained forming slightly mixed solid solutions. UV luminescence of Gd3+ doped samples increased with an increase in heating temperatures and volume of the perovskite-type phase. In contrast, a non-crystalline precursor was crystallized to a single C-type phase at 800 °C in the PC method forming a completely mixed solid solution. Then, the phase of perovskite-type YScO3 formed at 1200 °C and its single phase was obtained at 1400 °C. It was revealed that high homogeneousness of cations was essential to generate the single perovskite-phase of YScO3. Because Gd3+ ions were also dissolved into the single C-type phase in Gd3+ doped samples, intense UV luminescence was observed above 800 °C in both C-type phase and perovskite-type phase.

  11. First-principles study on the electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of ABO 3 (A = La,Sr, B = Fe,Co) perovskites

    DOE PAGES

    Jia, Ting; Zeng, Zhi; Lin, H. Q.; ...

    2017-08-08

    The electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of ABO 3 (A = La,Sr, B = Fe,Co) perovskites are investigated using first-principles calculations. The obtained results indicate that SrCoO 3 and SrFeO 3 are metals, while LaCoO 3 and LaFeO 3 are insulators and all of them exhibit strong hybridization of the Fe/Co-3d and O-2p orbitals. By correlating the energy band structures with the peaks of the imaginary part of the dielectric function, we obtained the origin of each electron excitation to provide information about the active bands for the corresponding optical transitions observed in the experiment. Moreover, the Debye temperatures θmore » D obtained from the phonon frequencies are comparable to the available data. In conclusion, the thermodynamic properties of the Helmholtz free energy F, entropy S, and constant-volume heat capacity C v are investigated based on the phonon spectra.« less

  12. Phase formation and UV luminescence of Gd{sup 3+} doped perovskite-type YScO{sub 3}

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shimizu, Yuhei; Ueda, Kazushige, E-mail: kueda@che.kyutech.ac.jp

    Synthesis of pure and Gd{sup 3+}doped perovskite-type YScO{sub 3} was attempted by a polymerized complex (PC) method and solid state reaction (SSR) method. Crystalline phases and UV luminescence of samples were examined with varying heating temperatures. The perovskite-type single phase was not simply formed in the SSR method, as reported in some literatures, and two cubic C-type phases of starting oxide materials remained forming slightly mixed solid solutions. UV luminescence of Gd{sup 3+} doped samples increased with an increase in heating temperatures and volume of the perovskite-type phase. In contrast, a non-crystalline precursor was crystallized to a single C-type phasemore » at 800 °C in the PC method forming a completely mixed solid solution. Then, the phase of perovskite-type YScO{sub 3} formed at 1200 °C and its single phase was obtained at 1400 °C. It was revealed that high homogeneousness of cations was essential to generate the single perovskite-phase of YScO{sub 3}. Because Gd{sup 3+} ions were also dissolved into the single C-type phase in Gd{sup 3+} doped samples, intense UV luminescence was observed above 800 °C in both C-type phase and perovskite-type phase. - Graphical abstract: A pure perovskite-type YScO{sub 3} phase was successfully synthesized by a polymerized complex (PC) method. The perovskite-type YScO{sub 3} was generated through a solid solution of C-type (Y{sub 0.5}Sc{sub 0.5}){sub 2}O{sub 3} with drastic change of morphology. The PC method enabled a preparation of the single phase of the perovskite-type YScO{sub 3} at lower temperature and in shorter heating time. Gd{sup 3+} doped perovskite-type YScO{sub 3} was found to show a strong sharp UV emission at 314 nm. - Highlights: • Pure YScO{sub 3} phase was successfully synthesized by polymerized complex (PC) method. • Pure perovskite-type YScO{sub 3} phase was generated from pure C-type (Y{sub 0.5}Sc{sub 0.5}){sub 2}O{sub 3} one. • YScO{sub 3} was obtained at lower

  13. Topotactical growth of thick perovskite oxynitride layers by nitridation of single crystalline oxides

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ebbinghaus, Stefan G.; Aguiar, Rosiana; Weidenkaff, Anke; Gsell, Stefan; Reller, Armin

    2008-06-01

    Thick films of the perovskite-related oxynitrides LaTiO 2N, NdTiO 2N, SrNbO 2N and SrTaO 2N were synthesised by nitridation of single crystals of the corresponding oxides with general composition ABO 3.5. The oxide crystals were obtained by optical floating zone growth. They correspond to n = 4 member of the A nB nO 3 n+2 family of layered perovskites and were reacted at temperatures between 900 °C and 1050 °C to form the oxynitrides. Electron probe microanalysis proved the presence of nitrogen in a surface layer of a few micrometer thickness. Cross-section SEM revealed additional thin stripes of oxynitride within the bulk of the crystals, indicating that nitrogen is incorporated preferably parallel to the perovskite-type layers, which in turn are connected in a zipper-type mechanism. The formation of the desired perovskite-type oxynitrides was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Pole figure measurements proved an epitaxial orientation ABO 2N (110)[001] ‖ ABO 3.5 (001)[100]. The mosaicity of the oxynitrides both in polar and azimuthal direction was very small (<2°) indicating a nearly single crystalline quality of the surface layer. The nitridation of the crystals results in a dramatic change in colour. Optical spectroscopy revealed shifts of the absorption edge by more than 200 nm to longer wavelengths with respect to the parent oxides, corresponding to a reduction of the band gap energies by 1.4-1.8 eV.

  14. New Type of 2D Perovskites with Alternating Cations in the Interlayer Space, (C(NH 2 ) 3 )(CH 3 NH 3 ) n Pb n I 3n+1 : Structure, Properties, and Photovoltaic Performance

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Soe, Chan Myae Myae; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Kepenekian, Mikaël

    We present the new homologous series (C(NH2)3)(CH3NH3)nPbnI3n+1 (n = 1, 2, 3) of layered 2D perovskites. Structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that these compounds adopt an unprecedented structure type, which is stabilized by the alternating ordering of the guanidinium and methylammonium cations in the interlayer space (ACI). Compared to the more common Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) 2D perovskites, the ACI perovskites have a different stacking motif and adopt a higher crystal symmetry. The higher symmetry of the ACI perovskites is expressed in their physical properties, which show a characteristic decrease of the bandgap with respect to their RP perovskite counterpartsmore » with the same perovskite layer thickness (n). The compounds show a monotonic decrease in the optical gap as n increases: Eg = 2.27 eV for n = 1 to Eg = 1.99 eV for n = 2 and Eg = 1.73 eV for n = 3, which show slightly narrower gaps compared to the corresponding RP perovskites. First-principles theoretical electronic structure calculations confirm the experimental optical gap trends suggesting that the ACI perovskites are direct bandgap semiconductors with wide valence and conduction bandwidths. To assess the potential of the ACI perovskites toward solar cell applications, we studied the (C(NH2)3)(CH3NH3)3Pb3I10 (n = 3) compound. Compact thin films from the (C(NH2)3)(CH3NH3)3Pb3I10 compound with excellent surface coverage can be obtained from the antisolvent dripping method. Planar photovoltaic devices from optimized ACI perovskite films yield a power-conversion-efficiency of 7.26% with a high open-circuit voltage of ~1 V and a striking fill factor of ~80%.« less

  15. ABO Blood Type and Personality Traits in Healthy Japanese Subjects.

    PubMed

    Tsuchimine, Shoko; Saruwatari, Junji; Kaneda, Ayako; Yasui-Furukori, Norio

    2015-01-01

    There is no scientific consensus that a relationship exists between the ABO blood group and personality traits. However, a recent study hypothesized that the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene is in linkage with the ABO gene. The sample population consisted of 1,427 healthy Japanese subjects who completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Each subject's ABO blood type was determined by genotyping the rs8176719 and rs8176746 ABO gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a TaqMan genotyping assay. The relationships between the six ABO genotypes or four ABO phenotypes and personality traits were examined using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), controlling for age and sex. The MANCOVA data showed a significant difference in TCI scores among the ABO genotype groups (F [7, 1393] = 3.354, p = 0.001). A subsequent univariate analysis showed a significant difference in the mean scores for Persistence among the genotype groups (F = 2.680, partial η2 = 0.010, p = 0.020). Similarly, dividing the ABO blood type into four phenotypes revealed a significant difference among the phenotype groups (F [7, 1397] = 2.529, p = 0.014). A subsequent univariate analysis showed a significant difference among the phenotype groups in the mean scores for Persistence (F = 2.952, partial η2= 0.006, p = 0.032). We observed a significant association between ABO blood group genotypes and personality traits in a large number of healthy Japanese subjects. However, these results should be regarded as preliminary and should be interpreted with caution because it is possible that the association between ABO blood group genotype and the Persistence trait is relatively weak.

  16. (CH3 NH3 )2 PdCl4 : A Compound with Two-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Layered Perovskite Structure.

    PubMed

    Huang, Tang Jiao; Thiang, Zhang Xian; Yin, Xuesong; Tang, Chunhua; Qi, Guojun; Gong, Hao

    2016-02-01

    The synthesis of previously unknown perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 PdCl 4 is reported. Despite using an organic cation with the smallest possible alkyl group, a 2D organic-inorganic layered Pd-based perovskites was still formed. This demonstrates that Pd-based 2D perovskites can be obtained even if the size of the organic cation is below the size limit predicted by the Goldschmidt tolerance-factor formula. The (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 PdCl 4 phase has a bulk resistivity of 1.4 Ω cm, a direct optical gap of 2.22 eV, and an absorption coefficient on the order of 10 4  cm -1 . XRD measurements suggest that the compound is moderately stable in air, an important advantage over several existing organic-inorganic perovskites that are prone to phase degradation problems when exposed to the atmosphere. Given the recent interest in organic-inorganic perovskites, the synthesis of this new Pd-based organic-inorganic perovskite may be helpful in the preparation and understanding of other organic-inorganic perovskites. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  17. Classification of AB O 3 perovskite solids: a machine learning study

    DOE PAGES

    Pilania, G.; Balachandran, P. V.; Gubernatis, J. E.; ...

    2015-07-23

    Here we explored the use of machine learning methods for classifying whether a particularABO 3chemistry forms a perovskite or non-perovskite structured solid. Starting with three sets of feature pairs (the tolerance and octahedral factors, theAandBionic radii relative to the radius of O, and the bond valence distances between theAandBions from the O atoms), we used machine learning to create a hyper-dimensional partial dependency structure plot using all three feature pairs or any two of them. Doing so increased the accuracy of our predictions by 2–3 percentage points over using any one pair. We also included the Mendeleev numbers of theAandBatomsmore » to this set of feature pairs. Moreover, doing this and using the capabilities of our machine learning algorithm, the gradient tree boosting classifier, enabled us to generate a new type of structure plot that has the simplicity of one based on using just the Mendeleev numbers, but with the added advantages of having a higher accuracy and providing a measure of likelihood of the predicted structure.« less

  18. Unreliable patient identification warrants ABO typing at admission to check existing records before transfusion.

    PubMed

    Ferrera-Tourenc, V; Lassale, B; Chiaroni, J; Dettori, I

    2015-06-01

    This study describes patient identification errors leading to transfusional near-misses in blood issued by the Alps Mediterranean French Blood Establishment (EFSAM) to Marseille Public Hospitals (APHM) over an 18-month period. The EFSAM consolidates 14 blood banks in southeast France. It supplies 149 hospitals and maintains a centralized database on ABO types used at all area hospitals. As an added precaution against incompatible transfusion, the APHM requires ABO testing at each admission regardless of whether the patient has an ABO record. The study goal was to determine if admission testing was warranted. Discrepancies between ABO type determined by admission testing and records in the centralized database were investigated. The root cause for each discrepancy was classified as specimen collection or patient admission error. Causes of patient admission events were further subclassified as namesake (name similarity) or impersonation (identity fraud). The incidence of ABO discrepancies was 1:2334 including a 1:3329 incidence of patient admission events. Impersonation was the main cause of identity events accounting for 90.3% of cases. The APHM's ABO control policy prevented 19 incompatible transfusions. In relation to the 48,593 packed red cell units transfused, this would have corresponded to a risk of 1:2526. Collecting and storing ABO typing results in a centralized database is an essential public health tool. It allows crosschecking of current test results with past records and avoids redundant testing. However, as patient identification remains unreliable, ABO typing at each admission is still warranted to prevent transfusion errors. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  19. The Classroom-Friendly ABO Blood Types Kit: Blood Agglutination Simulation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Arnold, Savittree Rochanasmita; Kruatong, Tussatrin; Dahsah, Chanyah; Suwanjinda, Duongdearn

    2012-01-01

    The classroom-friendly ABO blood type kit was developed by combining advantages of modelling and a simulation laboratory to teach the topics of ABO blood types and blood transfusion. Teachers can easily simulate the agglutination reaction on a blood type testing plate in the classroom, and show the students how this reaction occurs by using the…

  20. Specific features of nonvalent interactions in orthorhombic perovskites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Serezhkin, V. N.; Pushkin, D. V.; Serezhkina, L. B.

    2014-07-01

    It is established that isostructural orthorhombic perovskites ABO3 (sp. gr. Pnma in different systems, no. 62, Z = 4), depending on the specificity of nonvalent interactions (which determine the combinatorial-topological type of the Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedra (VDPs) of four basis atoms), are divided into ten different stereotypes. It is shown by the example of 259 perovskites belonging to the DyCrO3 stereotype that VDP characteristics can be used to quantitatively estimate the distortion of BO6 octahedra, including that caused by the Jahn-Teller effect. It is found that one of the causes of the distortion of the coordination polyhedra of atoms in the structure of orthorhombic perovskites is heteroatomic metal-metal interactions, for which the interatomic distances are much shorter than the sum of the Slater radii of A and B atoms.

  1. Tailoring the Two Dimensional Electron Gas at Polar ABO3/SrTiO3 Interfaces for Oxide Electronics.

    PubMed

    Li, Changjian; Liu, Zhiqi; Lü, Weiming; Wang, Xiao Renshaw; Annadi, Anil; Huang, Zhen; Zeng, Shengwei; Ariando; Venkatesan, T

    2015-08-26

    The 2D electron gas at the polar/non-polar oxide interface has become an important platform for several novel oxide electronic devices. In this paper, the transport properties of a wide range of polar perovskite oxide ABO3/SrTiO3 (STO) interfaces, where ABO3 includes LaAlO3, PrAlO3, NdAlO3, NdGaO3 and LaGaO3 in both crystalline and amorphous forms, were investigated. A robust 4 unit cell (uc) critical thickness for metal insulator transition was observed for crystalline polar layer/STO interface while the critical thickness for amorphous ones was strongly dependent on the B site atom and its oxygen affinity. For the crystalline interfaces, a sharp transition to the metallic state (i.e. polarization catastrophe induced 2D electron gas only) occurs at a growth temperature of 515 °C which corresponds to a critical relative crystallinity of ~70 ± 10% of the LaAlO3 overlayer. This temperature is generally lower than the metal silicide formation temperature and thus offers a route to integrate oxide heterojunction based devices on silicon.

  2. Sensitive typing of reverse ABO blood groups with a waveguide-mode sensor.

    PubMed

    Uno, Shigeyuki; Tanaka, Torahiko; Ashiba, Hiroki; Fujimaki, Makoto; Tanaka, Mutsuo; Hatta, Yoshihiro; Takei, Masami; Awazu, Koichi; Makishima, Makoto

    2018-07-01

    Portable, on-site blood typing methods will help provide life-saving blood transfusions to patients during an emergency or natural calamity, such as significant earthquakes. We have previously developed waveguide-mode (WM) sensors for forward ABO and Rh(D) blood typing and detection of antibodies against hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. In this study, we evaluated a WM-sensor for reverse ABO blood typing. Since reverse ABO blood typing is a method for detection of antibodies against type A and type B oligosaccharide antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs), we fixed a synthetic type A or type B trisaccharide antigen on the sensor chip of the WM sensor. We obtained significant changes in the reflectance spectra from a WM sensor on type A antigen with type B plasma and type O plasma and on type B antigen with type A plasma and type O plasma, and no spectrum changes on type A antigen or type B antigen with type AB plasma. Signal enhancement with the addition of a peroxidase reaction failed to increase the sensitivity for detection on oligosaccharide chips. By utilizing hemagglutination detection using regent type A and type B RBCs, we successfully determined reverse ABO blood groups with higher sensitivity compared to a method using oligosaccharide antigens. Thus, functionality of a portable device utilizing a WM sensor can be expanded to include reverse ABO blood typing and, in combination with forward ABO typing and antivirus antibody detection, may be useful for on-site blood testing in emergency settings. Copyright © 2018 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Phase transitions and dielectric properties of a hexagonal ABX3 perovskite-type organic-inorganic hybrid compound: [C3H4NS][CdBr3].

    PubMed

    Liao, Wei-Qiang; Ye, Heng-Yun; Zhang, Yi; Xiong, Ren-Gen

    2015-06-21

    A new organic-inorganic hexagonal perovskite-type compound with the formula ABX3, thiazolium tribromocadmate(ii) (1), in which thiazolium cations are situated in the space between the one-dimensional chains of face-sharing CdBr(6) octahedra, has been successfully synthesized. Systematic characterizations including differential scanning calorimetry measurements, variable-temperature structural analyses, and dielectric measurements reveal that it undergoes two structural phase transitions, at 180 and 146 K. These phase transitions are accompanied by remarkable dielectric relaxation and anisotropy. The thiazolium cations remain orientationally disordered during the two phase transition processes. The origins of the phase transitions at 180 and 146 K are ascribed to the slowing down and reorientation of the molecular motions of the cations, respectively. Moreover, the dielectric relaxation process well described by the Cole-Cole equation and the prominent dielectric anisotropy are also connected with the dynamics of the dipolar thiazolium cations.

  4. Development of Perovskite-Type Materials for Thermoelectric Application.

    PubMed

    Wu, Tingjun; Gao, Peng

    2018-06-12

    Oxide perovskite materials have a long history of being investigated for thermoelectric applications. Compared to the state-of-the-art tin and lead chalcogenides, these perovskite compounds have advantages of low toxicity, eco-friendliness, and high elemental abundance. However, because of low electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity, the total thermoelectric performance of oxide perovskites is relatively poor. Variety of methods were used to enhance the TE properties of oxide perovskite materials, such as doping, inducing oxygen vacancy, embedding crystal imperfection, and so on. Recently, hybrid perovskite materials started to draw attention for thermoelectric application. Due to the low thermal conductivity and high Seebeck coefficient feature of hybrid perovskites materials, they can be promising thermoelectric materials and hold the potential for the application of wearable energy generators and cooling devices. This mini-review will build a bridge between oxide perovskites and burgeoning hybrid halide perovskites in the research of thermoelectric properties with an aim to further enhance the relevant performance of perovskite-type materials.

  5. Perovskite-type catalytic materials for environmental applications.

    PubMed

    Labhasetwar, Nitin; Saravanan, Govindachetty; Kumar Megarajan, Suresh; Manwar, Nilesh; Khobragade, Rohini; Doggali, Pradeep; Grasset, Fabien

    2015-06-01

    Perovskites are mixed-metal oxides that are attracting much scientific and application interest owing to their low price, adaptability, and thermal stability, which often depend on bulk and surface characteristics. These materials have been extensively explored for their catalytic, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. They are promising candidates for the photocatalytic splitting of water and have also been extensively studied for environmental catalysis applications. Oxygen and cation non-stoichiometry can be tailored in a large number of perovskite compositions to achieve the desired catalytic activity, including multifunctional catalytic properties. Despite the extensive uses, the commercial success for this class of perovskite-based catalytic materials has not been achieved for vehicle exhaust emission control or for many other environmental applications. With recent advances in synthesis techniques, including the preparation of supported perovskites, and increasing understanding of promoted substitute perovskite-type materials, there is a growing interest in applied studies of perovskite-type catalytic materials. We have studied a number of perovskites based on Co, Mn, Ru, and Fe and their substituted compositions for their catalytic activity in terms of diesel soot oxidation, three-way catalysis, N 2 O decomposition, low-temperature CO oxidation, oxidation of volatile organic compounds, etc. The enhanced catalytic activity of these materials is attributed mainly to their altered redox properties, the promotional effect of co-ions, and the increased exposure of catalytically active transition metals in certain preparations. The recent lowering of sulfur content in fuel and concerns over the cost and availability of precious metals are responsible for renewed interest in perovskite-type catalysts for environmental applications.

  6. Perovskite-type catalytic materials for environmental applications

    PubMed Central

    Labhasetwar, Nitin; Saravanan, Govindachetty; Kumar Megarajan, Suresh; Manwar, Nilesh; Khobragade, Rohini; Doggali, Pradeep; Grasset, Fabien

    2015-01-01

    Perovskites are mixed-metal oxides that are attracting much scientific and application interest owing to their low price, adaptability, and thermal stability, which often depend on bulk and surface characteristics. These materials have been extensively explored for their catalytic, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. They are promising candidates for the photocatalytic splitting of water and have also been extensively studied for environmental catalysis applications. Oxygen and cation non-stoichiometry can be tailored in a large number of perovskite compositions to achieve the desired catalytic activity, including multifunctional catalytic properties. Despite the extensive uses, the commercial success for this class of perovskite-based catalytic materials has not been achieved for vehicle exhaust emission control or for many other environmental applications. With recent advances in synthesis techniques, including the preparation of supported perovskites, and increasing understanding of promoted substitute perovskite-type materials, there is a growing interest in applied studies of perovskite-type catalytic materials. We have studied a number of perovskites based on Co, Mn, Ru, and Fe and their substituted compositions for their catalytic activity in terms of diesel soot oxidation, three-way catalysis, N2O decomposition, low-temperature CO oxidation, oxidation of volatile organic compounds, etc. The enhanced catalytic activity of these materials is attributed mainly to their altered redox properties, the promotional effect of co-ions, and the increased exposure of catalytically active transition metals in certain preparations. The recent lowering of sulfur content in fuel and concerns over the cost and availability of precious metals are responsible for renewed interest in perovskite-type catalysts for environmental applications. PMID:27877813

  7. Electron paramagnetic resonance of Cr{sup 3+} ions in ABO{sub 3} (A = Sc, Lu, In) diamagnetic crystals

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vorotynov, A. M., E-mail: sasa@iph.krasn.ru; Ovchinnikov, S. G.; Rudenko, V. V.

    2016-04-15

    A magnetic resonance method is applied to the investigation of a number of isostructural diamagnetic compounds ABO{sub 3} (A = Sc, Lu, In) with small additions of Cr{sup 3+} ions (S = 3/2) sufficient to observe single-ion spectra. It is shown that the resonance spectra for isolated Cr{sup 3+} ions can be described to a good accuracy by the ordinary axial spin Hamiltonian for 3d ions in octahedral oxygen environment. The parameters of the spin Hamiltonian are determined. It is established that Cr{sup 3+} ions in these crystals are characterized by easy-axis-type anisotropy.

  8. Guanidinium-Formamidinium Lead Iodide: A Layered Perovskite-Related Compound with Red Luminescence at Room Temperature.

    PubMed

    Nazarenko, Olga; Kotyrba, Martin R; Yakunin, Sergii; Aebli, Marcel; Rainò, Gabriele; Benin, Bogdan M; Wörle, Michael; Kovalenko, Maksym V

    2018-03-21

    Two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic lead halides perovskite-type compounds have attracted immense scientific interest due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties and tailorable crystal structures. In this work, we present a new layered hybrid lead halide, namely [CH(NH 2 ) 2 ][C(NH 2 ) 3 ]PbI 4 , wherein puckered lead-iodide layers are separated by two small and stable organic cations: formamidinium, CH(NH 2 ) 2 + , and guanidinium, C(NH 2 ) 3 + . This perovskite is thermally stable up to 255 °C, exhibits room-temperature photoluminescence in the red region with a quantum yield of 3.5%, and is photoconductive. This study highlights a vast structural diversity that exists in the compositional space typically used in perovskite photovoltaics.

  9. Perovskite-type oxides - Oxygen electrocatalysis and bulk structure

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Carbonio, R. E.; Fierro, C.; Tryk, D.; Scherson, D.; Yeager, E.

    1988-01-01

    Perovskite type oxides were considered for use as oxygen reduction and generation electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolytes. Perovskite stability and electrocatalytic activity are studied along with possible relationships of the latter with the bulk solid state properties. A series of compounds of the type LaFe(x)Ni1(-x)O3 was used as a model system to gain information on the possible relationships between surface catalytic activity and bulk structure. Hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate constants were measured for these compounds. Ex situ Mossbauer effect spectroscopy (MES), and magnetic susceptibility measurements were used to study the solid state properties. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to examine the surface. MES has indicated the presence of a paramagnetic to magnetically ordered phase transition for values of x between 0.4 and 0.5. A correlation was found between the values of the MES isomer shift and the catalytic activity for peroxide decomposition. Thus, the catalytic activity can be correlated to the d-electron density for the transition metal cations.

  10. The origin of uniaxial negative thermal expansion in layered perovskites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ablitt, Chris; Craddock, Sarah; Senn, Mark S.; Mostofi, Arash A.; Bristowe, Nicholas C.

    2017-10-01

    Why is it that ABO3 perovskites generally do not exhibit negative thermal expansion (NTE) over a wide temperature range, whereas layered perovskites of the same chemical family often do? It is generally accepted that there are two key ingredients that determine the extent of NTE: the presence of soft phonon modes that drive contraction (have negative Grüneisen parameters); and anisotropic elastic compliance that predisposes the material to the deformations required for NTE along a specific axis. This difference in thermal expansion properties is surprising since both ABO3 and layered perovskites often possess these ingredients in equal measure in their high-symmetry phases. Using first principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we show that in layered perovskites there is a significant enhancement of elastic anisotropy due to symmetry breaking that results from the combined effect of layering and condensed rotations of oxygen octahedra. This feature, unique to layered perovskites of certain symmetry, is what allows uniaxial NTE to persist over a large temperature range. This fundamental insight means that symmetry and the elastic tensor can be used as descriptors in high-throughput screening and to direct materials design.

  11. 42 CFR 493.859 - Standard; ABO group and D (Rho) typing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Standard; ABO group and D (Rho) typing. 493.859 Section 493.859 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN..., Or Any Combination of These Tests § 493.859 Standard; ABO group and D (Rho) typing. (a) Failure to...

  12. Effect of organic moieties on the scintillation properties of organic-inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kawano, Naoki; Koshimizu, Masanori; Horiai, Akiyoshi; Nishikido, Fumihiko; Haruki, Rie; Kishimoto, Shunji; Shibuya, Kengo; Fujimoto, Yutaka; Yanagida, Takayuki; Asai, Keisuke

    2016-11-01

    The effects of organic moieties on the scintillation properties of organic-inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds have been investigated. Three kinds of single crystals were fabricated, namely, (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4 (C4), (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbBr4 (Ben), and (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbBr4 (Phe). Among the single crystals, the light output of Phe was found to have the greatest value when exposed to X-ray radiation (67.4 keV). The light output of Phe was 0.62 times that of YAP:Ce. The relative values of the light outputs among the fabricated single crystals under X-ray radiation correlated well with those of the quantum efficiencies and the luminescence intensity under ultraviolet radiation.

  13. Association of ABO and Rh blood groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    PubMed

    Meo, S A; Rouq, F A; Suraya, F; Zaidi, S Z

    2016-01-01

    The phenotypic "ABO" blood groups are inherited antigenic substances which are found on the surface of red blood cells in addition to other tissues. Certain hypothesis advocates that genetic predisposition like "ABO" blood group would be associated with occurrence of diseases including type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between "ABO" and "Rhesus" blood groups with type 2 diabetes. We identified 47 research documents in a data based search including ISI-Web of Science, EMBASE and PubMed. Literature was explored using the key terms including "ABO blood groups" "type 2 diabetes". Studies in which "ABO" blood types and diabetes mellitus were discussed included without restrictions of research documents, types, status and language of the publications. Finally, 15 publications which matched our criteria were included, and remaining studies were excluded. Blood group "B" was associated with high incidence of type 2 diabetes and blood group "O" has a minimum association with type 2 diabetes. Blood group "A" and "AB" were almost equally distributed in both diabetic and non-diabetic population. However, we were unable to find an association between "Rh+ve" and "Rh-ve" blood groups with type 2 diabetes. Subjects with blood group "B" are at high risk while individuals with blood group "O" are at low peril of evolving type 2 diabetes. It is suggested that subjects with blood group "B" should be closely monitored by physicians as these subjects have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

  14. Retrospective analysis of forward and reverse ABO typing discrepancies among patients and blood donors in a tertiary care hospital.

    PubMed

    Makroo, R N; Kakkar, B; Agrawal, S; Chowdhry, M; Prakash, B; Karna, P

    2018-01-12

    The aim of our study was to determine the incidence and causes of ABO typing discrepancies among patients and blood donors at our centre. An accurate interpretation of the ABO blood group of an individual is of utmost importance to ensure patient safety and good transfusion practices. A retrospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Transfusion Medicine in our hospital from March 2013 to December 2015. Records of all patient and blood donor samples were retrieved and analysed for ABO typing discrepancies. In total, 135 853 patient and 62 080 donor samples were analysed for ABO typing discrepancies. The incidence among patients and blood donors was found to be 0·1% (138/135853) and 0·02% (14/62080), respectively. The mean age for patients and blood donors was 48·4 and 29·2 years, respectively. The most common cause of ABO typing discrepancies was due to cold autoantibodies among the patients (50·7%) and blood donors (57%) causing discrepant results in reverse typing. The various other causes of reverse typing discrepancies among patients were weak/missing antibody (25·4%), cold-reacting alloantibody (4·3%), warm autoantibody (2·2%), anti-A1 antibody (2·2%), Bombay phenotype (1·5%), transplantation (0·7%) and rouleaux (0·7%), whereas in blood donors, the causes were cold-reacting antibody (7%) and weak antibody (7%). The major cause of forward typing discrepancies among patients (12·3%) and blood donors (29%) was ABO subgroups. The resolution of ABO typing discrepancy is essential to minimise the chance of transfusion of ABO-incompatible blood. © 2018 British Blood Transfusion Society.

  15. An infrared spectroscopic study of the structural phase transition in the perovskite-type layer compound [ n-C 16H 33NH 3] 2CoCl 4

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ning, Guo; Guangfu, Zeng; Shiquan, Xi

    1992-12-01

    The solid-solid phase transitions in the perovskite-type layer compound [ n-C 16H 33NH 3] 2CoCl 4 have been studied by infrared spectroscopy. A new phase transition at 340 K was found by comparison with differential scanning calorimetry results. A temperature dependence study of the infrared spectra provides evidence of the occurrence of structural phase transitions related to the dynamics of the alkylammonium ions and hydrogen bonds. The main transition at 374 K corresponds to the conformational order-disorder change in the chain, which probably couples with reorientational motions of the NH 3 polar heads. GTG or GTG' defects appear in the high temperature disordered phase.

  16. ABO blood type, long-standing diabetes, and the risk of pancreatic cancer.

    PubMed

    Egawa, Naoto; Lin, Yingsong; Tabata, Taku; Kuruma, Sawako; Hara, Seiichi; Kubota, Ken; Kamisawa, Terumi

    2013-04-28

    To retrospectively study pancreatic cancer patients with respect to their ABO blood type and diabetes. Our analysis included a cohort of 1017 patients with pancreatic ductal cancer diagnosed at our hospital in Tokyo. They were divided into two groups: 114 patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes (DM group, defined as diabetes lasting for at least three years before the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer) and 903 patients without diabetes (non-DM group). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors that are associated with long-standing diabetes. The DM group was further divided into three subgroups according to the duration of diabetes (3-5 years, 5.1-14.9 years, and 15 years or more) and univariate analyses were performed. Of the 883 pancreatic cancer patients with serologically assessed ABO blood type, 217 (24.6%) had blood type O. Compared with the non-DM group, the DM group had a higher frequency of blood type B [odds ratio (OR) = 2.61, 95%CI: 1.24-5.47; reference group: blood type A]. Moreover, male (OR = 3.17, 95%CI: 1.67-6.06), older than 70 years of age (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.20-3.98) and presence of a family history of diabetes (OR = 6.21, 95%CI: 3.38-11.36) were associated with long-standing type 2 diabetes. The mean ages were 64.8 ± 9.2 years, 67.1 ± 9.8 years, and 71.7 ± 7.0 years in the subgroups with the duration of diabetes, 3-5 years, 5.1-14.9 years, and 15 years or more, respectively (P = 0.007). A comparison of ABO blood type distribution among the subgroups also showed a significant difference (P = 0.03). The association of pancreatic cancer with blood type and duration of diabetes needs to be further examined in prospective studies.

  17. The influence of the relative thermal expansion and electric permittivity on phase transitions in the perovskite-type bidimensional layered NH3(CH2)3NH3CdBr4 compound

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Staśkiewicz, Beata; Staśkiewicz, Anna

    2017-07-01

    Hydrothermal method has been used to synthesized the layered hybrid compound NH3(CH2)3NH3CdBr4 of perovskite architecture. Structural, dielectric and dilatometric properties of the compound have been analyzed. Negative thermal expansion (NTE) effect in the direction perpendicular to the perovskite plane as well as an unusual phase sequence have been reported based on X-ray diffraction analysis. Electric permittivity measurements evidenced the phase transitions at Tc1=326/328 K and Tc2=368/369 K. Relative linear expansion measurements almost confirmed these temperatures of phase transitions. Anomalies of electric permittivity and expansion behavior connected with the phase transitions are detected at practically the same temperatures as those observed earlier in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared (IR), far infrared (FIR) and Raman spectroscopy studies. Mechanism of the phase transitions is explained. Relative linear expansion study was prototype to estimate critical exponent value β for continuous phase transition at Tc1. It has been inferred that there is a strong interplay between the distortion of the inorganic network, those hydrogen bonds and the intermolecular interactions of the organic component.

  18. Crystal structure of guanidinium hexafluoridovanadate(III), (CN3H6)3[VF6]: an unusual hybrid compound related to perovskite.

    PubMed

    Black, Cameron; Lightfoot, Philip

    2017-03-01

    Vanadium fluorides with novel crystal-chemical features and interesting physical properties can be prepared by solvothermal synthetic routes. The title compound, guanidinium hexafluoridovanadate(III), has a cubic structure (space group Pa-3), exhibiting isolated regular VF 6 octahedral units, which are hydrogen bonded to protonated guanidinium moieties. Although the VF 6 octahedral units are not linked directly together, there are structural similarities between this crystal structure and those of the wider family of perovskite materials, in particular, hybrid perovskites based on extended ligands such as cyanide. In this context, the octahedral tilt system of the present compound is of interest and demonstrates that unusual tilt systems can be mediated via `molecular' linkers which allow only supramolecular rather than covalent interactions.

  19. Anomalous perovskite PbRuO3 stabilized under high pressure

    PubMed Central

    Cheng, J.-G.; Kweon, K. E.; Zhou, J.-S.; Alonso, J. A.; Kong, P.-P.; Liu, Y.; Jin, Changqing; Wu, Junjie; Lin, Jung-Fu; Larregola, S. A.; Yang, Wenge; Shen, Guoyin; MacDonald, A. H.; Manthiram, Arumugam; Hwang, G. S.; Goodenough, John B.

    2013-01-01

    Perovskite oxides ABO3 are important materials used as components in electronic devices. The highly compact crystal structure consists of a framework of corner-shared BO6 octahedra enclosing the A-site cations. Because of these structural features, forming a strong bond between A and B cations is highly unlikely and has not been reported in the literature. Here we report a pressure-induced first-order transition in PbRuO3 from a common orthorhombic phase (Pbnm) to an orthorhombic phase (Pbn21) at 32 GPa by using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. This transition has been further verified with resistivity measurements and Raman spectra under high pressure. In contrast to most well-studied perovskites under high pressure, the Pbn21 phase of PbRuO3 stabilized at high pressure is a polar perovskite. More interestingly, the Pbn21 phase has the most distorted octahedra and a shortest Pb—Ru bond length relative to the average Pb—Ru bond length that has ever been reported in a perovskite structure. We have also simulated the behavior of the PbRuO3 perovskite under high pressure by first principles calculations. The calculated critical pressure for the phase transition and evolution of lattice parameters under pressure match the experimental results quantitatively. Our calculations also reveal that the hybridization between a Ru:t2g orbital and an sp hybrid on Pb increases dramatically in the Pbnm phase under pressure. This pressure-induced change destabilizes the Pbnm phase to give a phase transition to the Pbn21 phase where electrons in the overlapping orbitals form bonding and antibonding states along the shortest Ru—Pb direction at P > Pc. PMID:24277807

  20. Tailoring Electronic Properties in Semiconducting Perovskite Materials through Octahedral Control

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Choquette, Amber K.

    Perovskite oxides, which take the chemical formula ABO 3, are a very versatile and interesting materials family, exhibiting properties that include ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, mixed ionic/electronic conductivity, metal-insulator behavior and multiferroicity. Key to these functionalities is the network of BO6 corner-connected octahedra, which are known to distort and rotate, directly altering electronic and ferroic properties. By controlling the BO6 octahedral distortions and rotations through cationic substitutions, the use of strain engineering, or through the formation of superlattice structures, the functional properties of perovskites can be tuned. Motivating the use of structure-driven design in oxide heterostructures is the prediction of hybrid improper ferroelectricity in A'BO3/ABO3 superlattices. Two key design rules to realizing hybrid improper ferroelectricity are the growth of high quality superlattice structures with odd periodicities of the A / A' layers, and the control of the octahedral rotation pattern. My work explores the rotational response in perovskite oxides to strain and interface effects in thin films of RFeO3 ( R = La, Eu). I demonstrate a synchrotron x-ray diffraction technique to identify the rotation pattern that is present in the films. I then establish substrate imprinting as a key tool for controlling the rotation patterns in heterostructures, providing a means to realize the necessary structural variants of the predicted hybrid improper ferroelectricity in superlattices. In addition, by pairing measured diffraction data with a structure factor calculation, I demonstrate how one can extract both A-site and oxygen atomic positions in single crystal perovskite oxide films. Finally, I show results from (LaFeO 3)n/(EuFeO3)n superlattices (n = 1-5), synthesized to test the motivating predictions of hybrid improper ferroelectricity in oxide superlattices.

  1. Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI 3

    DOE PAGES

    Ke, Weijun; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Zhu, Menghua; ...

    2017-08-30

    Perovskite solar cells have revolutionized the fabrication of solution-processable solar cells. The presence of lead in the devices makes this technology less attractive, and alternative metals in perovskites are being researched as suitable alternatives. We demonstrate a new type of tin-based perovskite absorber that incorporates both ethylenediammonium (en) and formamidinium (FA), forming new materials of the type {en}FASnI 3. The three-dimensional ASnI 3 structure is stable only with methylammonium, FA, and Cs cations, and the bandgap can be tuned with solid solutions, such as ASnI 3-xBr x. We show that en can serve as a new A cation capable ofmore » achieving marked increases in the bandgap without the need for solid solutions. The en introduces a new bandgap tuning mechanism that arises from massive Schottky style defects. In addition, incorporation of the en cation in the structure markedly increases the air stability and improves the photoelectric properties of the tin-based perovskite absorbers. Our best-performing {en}FASnI 3 solar cell has the highest efficiency of 7.14%, which is achieved for a lead-free perovskite cell, and retains 96% of its initial efficiency after aging over 1000 hours with encapsulation. Our results introduce a new approach for improving the performance and stability of tin-based, lead-free perovskite solar cells.« less

  2. Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI 3

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ke, Weijun; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Zhu, Menghua

    Perovskite solar cells have revolutionized the fabrication of solution-processable solar cells. The presence of lead in the devices makes this technology less attractive, and alternative metals in perovskites are being researched as suitable alternatives. We demonstrate a new type of tin-based perovskite absorber that incorporates both ethylenediammonium (en) and formamidinium (FA), forming new materials of the type {en}FASnI 3. The three-dimensional ASnI 3 structure is stable only with methylammonium, FA, and Cs cations, and the bandgap can be tuned with solid solutions, such as ASnI 3-xBr x. We show that en can serve as a new A cation capable ofmore » achieving marked increases in the bandgap without the need for solid solutions. The en introduces a new bandgap tuning mechanism that arises from massive Schottky style defects. In addition, incorporation of the en cation in the structure markedly increases the air stability and improves the photoelectric properties of the tin-based perovskite absorbers. Our best-performing {en}FASnI 3 solar cell has the highest efficiency of 7.14%, which is achieved for a lead-free perovskite cell, and retains 96% of its initial efficiency after aging over 1000 hours with encapsulation. Our results introduce a new approach for improving the performance and stability of tin-based, lead-free perovskite solar cells.« less

  3. Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI3

    PubMed Central

    Ke, Weijun; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Zhu, Menghua; Mao, Lingling; Spanopoulos, Ioannis; Liu, Jian; Kontsevoi, Oleg Y.; Chen, Michelle; Sarma, Debajit; Zhang, Yongbo; Wasielewski, Michael R.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.

    2017-01-01

    Perovskite solar cells have revolutionized the fabrication of solution-processable solar cells. The presence of lead in the devices makes this technology less attractive, and alternative metals in perovskites are being researched as suitable alternatives. We demonstrate a new type of tin-based perovskite absorber that incorporates both ethylenediammonium (en) and formamidinium (FA), forming new materials of the type {en}FASnI3. The three-dimensional ASnI3 structure is stable only with methylammonium, FA, and Cs cations, and the bandgap can be tuned with solid solutions, such as ASnI3−xBrx. We show that en can serve as a new A cation capable of achieving marked increases in the bandgap without the need for solid solutions. The en introduces a new bandgap tuning mechanism that arises from massive Schottky style defects. In addition, incorporation of the en cation in the structure markedly increases the air stability and improves the photoelectric properties of the tin-based perovskite absorbers. Our best-performing {en}FASnI3 solar cell has the highest efficiency of 7.14%, which is achieved for a lead-free perovskite cell, and retains 96% of its initial efficiency after aging over 1000 hours with encapsulation. Our results introduce a new approach for improving the performance and stability of tin-based, lead-free perovskite solar cells. PMID:28875173

  4. Stabilization of highly polar BiFeO 3-like structure: a new interface design route for enhanced ferroelectricity in artificial perovskite superlattices

    DOE PAGES

    Wang, Hongwei; Wen, Jianguo; Miller, Dean; ...

    2016-03-14

    In ABO 3 perovskites, oxygen octahedron rotations are common structural distortions that can promote large ferroelectricity in BiFeO 3 with an R3c structure [1] but suppress ferroelectricity in CaTiO 3 with a Pbnm symmetry [2]. For many CaTiO3-like perovskites, the BiFeO 3 structure is a metastable phase. Here, we report the stabilization of the highly polar BiFeO 3-like phase of CaTiO 3 in a BaTiO 3/CaTiO 3 superlattice grown on a SrTiO 3 substrate. The stabilization is realized by a reconstruction of oxygen octahedron rotations at the interface from the pattern of nonpolar bulk CaTiO 3 to a different patternmore » that is characteristic of a BiFeO 3 phase. The reconstruction is interpreted through a combination of amplitude-contrast sub-0.1-nm high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and first-principles theories of the structure, energetics, and polarization of the superlattice and its constituents. We further predict a number of new artificial ferroelectric materials demonstrating that nonpolar perovskites can be turned into ferroelectrics via this interface mechanism. Therefore, a large number of perovskites with the CaTiO 3 structure type, which include many magnetic representatives, are now good candidates as novel highly polar multiferroic materials [3].« less

  5. Simplification of genotyping techniques of the ABO blood type experiment and exploration of population genetics.

    PubMed

    Hu, Jian; Zhou, Yi-ren; Ding, Jia-lin; Wang, Zhi-yuan; Liu, Ling; Wang, Ye-kai; Lou, Hui-ling; Qiao, Shou-yi; Wu, Yan-hua

    2017-05-20

    The ABO blood type is one of the most common and widely used genetic traits in humans. Three glycosyltransferase-encoding gene alleles, I A , I B and i, produce three red blood cell surface antigens, by which the ABO blood type is classified. By using the ABO blood type experiment as an ideal case for genetics teaching, we can easily introduce to the students several genetic concepts, including multiple alleles, gene interaction, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and gene evolution. Herein we have innovated and integrated our ABO blood type genetics experiments. First, in the section of Molecular Genetics, a new method of ABO blood genotyping was established: specific primers based on SNP sites were designed to distinguish three alleles through quantitative real-time PCR. Next, the experimental teaching method of Gene Evolution was innovated in the Population Genetics section: a gene-evolution software was developed to simulate the evolutionary tendency of the ABO genotype encoding alleles under diverse conditions. Our reform aims to extend the contents of genetics experiments, to provide additional teaching approaches, and to improve the learning efficiency of our students eventually.

  6. ABO3, a WRKY transcription factor, mediates plant responses to abscisic acid and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis.

    PubMed

    Ren, Xiaozhi; Chen, Zhizhong; Liu, Yue; Zhang, Hairong; Zhang, Min; Liu, Qian; Hong, Xuhui; Zhu, Jian-Kang; Gong, Zhizhong

    2010-08-01

    The biological functions of WRKY transcription factors in plants have been widely studied, but their roles in abiotic stress are still not well understood. We isolated an ABA overly sensitive mutant, abo3, which is disrupted by a T-DNA insertion in At1g66600 encoding a WRKY transcription factor AtWRKY63. The mutant was hypersensitive to ABA in both seedling establishment and seedling growth. However, stomatal closure was less sensitive to ABA, and the abo3 mutant was less drought tolerant than the wild type. Northern blot analysis indicated that the expression of the ABA-responsive transcription factor ABF2/AREB1 was markedly lower in the abo3 mutant than in the wild type. The abo3 mutation also reduced the expression of stress-inducible genes RD29A and COR47, especially early during ABA treatment. ABO3 is able to bind the W-box in the promoter of ABF2in vitro. These results uncover an important role for a WRKY transcription factor in plant responses to ABA and drought stress. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  7. Structure-property relationships: Synthesis and characterization of Perovskite-related transition metal oxides

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Whaley, Louis

    The fundamental structural component of perovskite-related phases is the octahedrally coordinated transition metal ion, symbolized as BO6 . Corner-sharing networks of BO6 octahedra are present in perovskites and related Ruddlesden-Popper Phases, ABO3 and AO(ABO 3)n, respectively. Face-sharing octahedra arranged into columns are characteristic of hexagonal, perovskite-related phases, and the relationship will be described in detail in Chapter 1. Edge sharing octahedra are characteristic of Keggin- and Lindquist-type polyoxometallates, which at first glance, seem unconnected from perovskites. However, Chapter 1 will show the deep connections among all of the phases mentioned above, by starting with perovskite phases. Temperature- and field-dependent, magnetic and electronic transitions are linked to the structure by overlap of metal d-orbitals with oxygen 2p orbitals, and (in special cases) direct d-d overlap. A mixed-transition metal oxide with two or more type of B ions provides an environment in which dissimilar B-ion orbitals can interact via exchange of charge carriers (hole or electron transport). The general goal in choosing two B ions is to provide an opportunity for the large combined magnetic moment and a low barrier to hopping of charge carriers, achieved by pairing a 3d-ion having 3 to 5 unpaired d-electrons, with a 4d or 5d transition metal ion, having 1 or 2 unpaired electrons, such as Fe(III) and Mo(V), which have compatible reduction potentials (i.e., they can co-exist in the same oxide, and exchange takes place with a low barrier). This research includes the following systems: an n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase, Sr3Fe5/4Mo3/4O6.9, containing 3-7% Sr2FeMoO6, as intergrowths (not separate crystal grains, by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy), and G-type antiferromagnetism below 150°K and a "partial spin-reorientation transition" by powder neutron diffraction (PND), not previously reported for n = 2 RP phases in the Sr-Fe-Mo-O system

  8. Anion ordering, magnetic structure and properties of the vacancy ordered perovskite Ba{sub 3}Fe{sub 3}O{sub 7}F

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Clemens, Oliver, E-mail: oliver.clemens@nano.tu-darmstadt.de; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen; University of Birmingham, School of Chemistry, Birmingham B152TT

    2016-11-15

    This article describes a detailed investigation of the crystallographic and magnetic structure of perovskite type Ba{sub 3}Fe{sub 3}O{sub 7}F by a combined analysis of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. Complete ordering of vacancies within the perovskite lattice could be confirmed. In addition, the structure of the anion sublattice was studied by means of the valence bond method, which suggested partial ordering of the fluoride ions on two of the six crystallographically different anion sites. Moreover, the compound was found to show G-type antiferromagnetic ordering of Fe moments, in agreement with magnetometric measurements as well as previously recorded {sup 57}Femore » Mössbauer spectroscopy data. - Graphical abstract: The vacancy and anion ordered structure of Ba{sub 3}Fe{sub 3}O{sub 7}F is described together with its magnetic properties. - Highlights: • Ba{sub 3}Fe{sub 3}O{sub 7}F possesses a unique vacancy order not found for other perovskite type compounds. • The valence bond method was used to locate oxide and fluoride ions. • Fluoride ions are distributed only on two of the six anion sites in Ba{sub 3}Fe{sub 3}O{sub 7}F. • The compound shows G-type antiferromagnetic ordering of magnetic moments. • The magnetic structure could be refined in one of the maximal magnetic subgroups of the nuclear structure.« less

  9. Relationship of ABO Blood Type on Rotator Cuff Tears.

    PubMed

    Lee, Doo-Hyung; Lee, Han-Dong; Yoon, Seung-Hyun

    2015-11-01

    ABO blood groups are associated with various diseases. A relationship between Achilles tendon ruptures and blood type O has been reported, although its pathogenesis was not clear. To the best of our knowledge, there is no published study describing the relationship between blood type and rotator cuff tendon tears. To determine whether patients with rotator cuff tear had a greater prevalence of blood type O than those without rotator cuff tear. A cross-sectional study. Research hospital outpatient evaluation. A total of 316 subjects with shoulder pain were included and divided into "tear" and "no-tear" groups according to ultrasonographic examination. ABO blood group, gender, dominant arm, smoking history, trauma history, and age were compared between the 2 groups and the odds ratios of these factors were evaluated by logistic regression. The tear group (38.6%) had more instances of blood type O than the healthy population (27.2%; P = .002). The adjusted odds ratio for rotator cuff tear for blood type O to non-O was 2.38 (95% confidence interval 1.28-4.42). The odds ratios for rotator cuff tears for smoking, major trauma history, minor trauma history, and age were 2.08, 3.11, 2.29, and 1.06, respectively. Patients with rotator cuff tears were more likely to have blood type O. The odds ratios of factors for rotator cuff tears were high in the following order: major trauma history, blood type O, minor trauma history, and age. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. Genetic and mechanistic evaluation for the mixed-field agglutination in B3 blood type with IVS3+5G>A ABO gene mutation.

    PubMed

    Chen, Ding-Ping; Tseng, Ching-Ping; Wang, Wei-Ting; Sun, Chien-Feng

    2012-01-01

    The ABO blood type B(3) is the most common B subtype in the Chinese population with a frequency of 1/900. Although IVS3+5G>A (rs55852701) mutation of B gene has been shown to associate with the development of B(3) blood type, genetic and mechanistic evaluation for the unique mixed-field agglutination phenotype has not yet been completely addressed. In this study, we analyzed 16 cases of confirmed B(3) individuals and found that IVS3+5G>A attributes to all cases of B(3). RT-PCR analyses revealed the presence of at least 7 types of aberrant B(3) splicing transcripts with most of the transcripts causing early termination and producing non-functional protein during translation. The splicing transcript without exon 3 that was predicted to generate functional B(3) glycosyltransferase lacking 19 amino acids at the N-terminal segment constituted only 0.9% of the splicing transcripts. Expression of the B(3) cDNA with exon 3 deletion in the K562 erythroleukemia cells revealed that the B(3) glycosyltransferase had only 40% of B(1) activity in converting H antigen to B antigen. Notably, the typical mixed-field agglutination of B(3)-RBCs can be mimicked by adding anti-B antibody to the K562-B(3) cells. This study thereby demonstrates that both aberrant splicing of B transcripts and the reduced B(3) glycosyltransferase activity contribute to weak B expression and the mixed-field agglutination of B(3), adding to the complexity for the regulatory mechanisms of ABO gene expression.

  11. Pressure Induced Iron Spin Crossover in MgGeO3 Perovskite and Post-perovskite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wentzcovitch, R. M.; Shukla, G.; Topsakal, M.

    2014-12-01

    MgGeO3-perovskite is known to be a low-pressure analog of MgSiO3-perovskite in many respects, but especially in regard to the post-perovskite transition. As such, investigation of spin state changes in Fe-bearing MgGeO3 might help to clarify some aspects of this type of state change in Fe-bearing MgSiO3. Using DFT+U calculations, we have investigated pressure induced state changes in Fe-bearing MgGeO3 perovskite and post-perovskite. Owing to the relatively larger atomic size of germanium compared to silicon, germanate phases have larger unit cell volume and interatomic distances than equivalent silicate phases at same pressures. As a result, all pressure induced state changes in iron occur at higher pressures in germanate phases than in the silicate ones, be it a spin state change or position change of (ferrous) iron in the perovskite cage. The effect of iron in the post-perovskite transition is also investigated.

  12. CaMn(1-x)Nb(x)O3 (x < or = 0.08) perovskite-type phases as promising new high-temperature n-type thermoelectric materials.

    PubMed

    Bocher, L; Aguirre, M H; Logvinovich, D; Shkabko, A; Robert, R; Trottmann, M; Weidenkaff, A

    2008-09-15

    Perovskite-type CaMn(1-x)Nb(x)O(3+/-delta) (x = 0.02, 0.05, and 0.08) compounds were synthesized by applying both a "chimie douce" (SC) synthesis and a classical solid state reaction (SSR) method. The crystallographic parameters of the resulting phases were determined from X-ray, electron, and neutron diffraction data. The manganese oxidations states (Mn(4+)/Mn(3+)) were investigated by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The orthorhombic CaMn(1-x)Nb(x)O(3+/-delta) (x = 0.02, 0.05, and 0.08) phases were studied in terms of their high-temperature thermoelectric properties (Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity). Differences in electrical transport and thermal properties can be correlated with different microstructures obtained by the two synthesis methods. In the high-temperature range, the electron-doped manganate phases exhibit large absolute Seebeck coefficient and low electrical resistivity values, resulting in a high power factor, PF (e.g., for x = 0.05, S(1000K) = -180 microV K(-1), rho(1000K) = 16.8 mohms cm, and PF > 1.90 x 10(-4) W m(-1) K(-2) for 450 K < T < 1070 K). Furthermore, lower thermal conductivity values are achieved for the SC-derived phases (kappa < 1 W m(-1) K(-1)) compared to the SSR compounds. High power factors combined with low thermal conductivity (leading to ZT values > 0.3) make these phases the best perovskitic candidates as n-type polycrystalline thermoelectric materials operating in air at high temperatures.

  13. Genetic and Mechanistic Evaluation for the Mixed-Field Agglutination in B3 Blood Type with IVS3+5G>A ABO Gene Mutation

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Wei-Ting; Sun, Chien-Feng

    2012-01-01

    Background The ABO blood type B3 is the most common B subtype in the Chinese population with a frequency of 1/900. Although IVS3+5G>A (rs55852701) mutation of B gene has been shown to associate with the development of B3 blood type, genetic and mechanistic evaluation for the unique mixed-field agglutination phenotype has not yet been completely addressed. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we analyzed 16 cases of confirmed B3 individuals and found that IVS3+5G>A attributes to all cases of B3. RT-PCR analyses revealed the presence of at least 7 types of aberrant B3 splicing transcripts with most of the transcripts causing early termination and producing non-functional protein during translation. The splicing transcript without exon 3 that was predicted to generate functional B3 glycosyltransferase lacking 19 amino acids at the N-terminal segment constituted only 0.9% of the splicing transcripts. Expression of the B3 cDNA with exon 3 deletion in the K562 erythroleukemia cells revealed that the B3 glycosyltransferase had only 40% of B1 activity in converting H antigen to B antigen. Notably, the typical mixed-field agglutination of B3-RBCs can be mimicked by adding anti-B antibody to the K562-B3 cells. Conclusions/Significance This study thereby demonstrates that both aberrant splicing of B transcripts and the reduced B3 glycosyltransferase activity contribute to weak B expression and the mixed-field agglutination of B3, adding to the complexity for the regulatory mechanisms of ABO gene expression. PMID:22624005

  14. Understanding thread properties for red blood cell antigen assays: weak ABO blood typing.

    PubMed

    Nilghaz, Azadeh; Zhang, Liyuan; Li, Miaosi; Ballerini, David R; Shen, Wei

    2014-12-24

    "Thread-based microfluidics" research has so far focused on utilizing and manipulating the wicking properties of threads to form controllable microfluidic channels. In this study we aim to understand the separation properties of threads, which are important to their microfluidic detection applications for blood analysis. Confocal microscopy was utilized to investigate the effect of the microscale surface morphologies of fibers on the thread's separation efficiency of red blood cells. We demonstrated the remarkably different separation properties of threads made using silk and cotton fibers. Thread separation properties dominate the clarity of blood typing assays of the ABO groups and some of their weak subgroups (Ax and A3). The microfluidic thread-based analytical devices (μTADs) designed in this work were used to accurately type different blood samples, including 89 normal ABO and 6 weak A subgroups. By selecting thread with the right surface morphology, we were able to build μTADs capable of providing rapid and accurate typing of the weak blood groups with high clarity.

  15. Nearly two decades using the check-type to prevent ABO incompatible transfusions: one institution's experience.

    PubMed

    Figueroa, Priscila I; Ziman, Alyssa; Wheeler, Christine; Gornbein, Jeffrey; Monson, Michael; Calhoun, Loni

    2006-09-01

    To detect miscollected (wrong blood in tube [WBIT]) samples, our institution requires a second independently drawn sample (check-type [CT]) on previously untyped, non-group O patients who are likely to require transfusion. During the 17-year period addressed by this report, 94 WBIT errors were detected: 57% by comparison with a historic blood type, 7% by the CT, and 35% by other means. The CT averted 5 potential ABO-incompatible transfusions. Our corrected WBIT error rate is 1 in 3,713 for verified samples tested between 2000 and 2003, the period for which actual number of CTs performed was available. The estimated rate of WBIT for the 17-year period is 1 in 2,262 samples. ABO-incompatible transfusions due to WBIT-type errors are avoided by comparison of current blood type results with a historic type, and the CT is an effective way to create a historic type.

  16. Density functional study on redox energetics of LaMO{sub 3−δ} (M=Sc–Cu) perovskite-type oxides

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pishahang, Mehdi, E-mail: Mehdi.Pishahang@sintef.no; Erik Mohn, Chris; Stølen, Svein

    2016-01-15

    This study evaluates the redox energetics of LaMO{sub 3−δ} (M=Sc–Cu) perovskite-type oxides via generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to DFT. Two different approaches to redox energetics of oxygen deficient perovskites of strongly non-stoichiometric (δ=0.5) and dilute defect limits (δ→0) are studied. In the first approach the enthalpies of oxidation are calculated using the stoichiometric end-compounds of LaMO{sub 3} and LaMO{sub 2.5}. The most common structures for the reduced lanthanides and strontides similar to the ones experimentally reported for SrMnO{sub 2.5}, SrFeO{sub 2.5}, and LaNiO{sub 2.5} are considered. The second approach to the oxidation enthalpies termed (δ→0) follow the trend observed experimentally.more » This approach represents the experimental conditions of the measured oxygen enthalpies, and is hampered less by the artificial features due to spurious self-interaction errors in GGA.« less

  17. Prognostic role of ABO blood type in patients with extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type: a triple-center study.

    PubMed

    Li, Ya-Jun; Yi, Ping-Yong; Li, Ji-Wei; Liu, Xian-Ling; Tang, Tian; Zhang, Pei-Ying; Jiang, Wen-Qi

    2017-07-31

    The prognostic significance of ABO blood type for lymphoma is largely unknown. We evaluated the prognostic role of ABO blood type in patients with extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL). We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 697 patients with newly diagnosed ENKTL from three cancer centers. The prognostic value of ABO blood type was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models. The prognostic values of the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the Korean Prognostic Index (KPI) were also evaluated. Compared with patients with blood type O, those with blood type non-O tended to display elevated baseline serum C-reactive protein levels (P = 0.038), lower rate of complete remission (P = 0.005), shorter progression-free survival (PFS, P < 0.001), and shorter overall survival (OS, P = 0.001). Patients with blood type O/AB had longer PFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P = 0.001) compared with those with blood type A/B. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age >60 years (P < 0.001), mass ≥5 cm (P = 0.001), stage III/IV (P < 0.001), elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (P = 0.001), and blood type non-O were independent adverse predictors of OS (P = 0.001). ABO blood type was found to be superior to both the IPI in discriminating patients with different outcomes in the IPI low-risk group and the KPI in distinguishing between the intermediate-to-low- and high-to-intermediate-risk groups. ABO blood type was an independent predictor of clinical outcome for patients with ENKTL.

  18. Trends in adsorption of electrocatalytic water splitting intermediates on cubic ABO 3 oxides

    DOE PAGES

    Montoya, Joseph H.; Doyle, Andrew D.; Nørskov, Jens K.; ...

    2018-01-19

    The reactivity of solid oxide surfaces towards adsorption of oxygen and hydrogen is a key metric for the design of new catalysts for electrochemical water splitting. Here, in this paper, we report on trends in the adsorption energy of different adsorbed intermediates derived from the oxidation and reduction of water for ternary ABO 3 oxides in the cubic perovskite structure. Our findings support a previously reported trend that rationalizes the observed lower bound in oxygen evolution (OER) overpotentials from correlations in OH* and OOH* adsorption energies. In addition, we report hydrogen adsorption energies that may be used to estimate hydrogenmore » evolution (HER) overpotentials along with potential metrics for electrochemical metastability in reducing environments. Finally, we also report and discuss trends between atom-projected density of states and adsorption energies, which may enable a design criteria from the local electronic structure of the active site.« less

  19. Trends in adsorption of electrocatalytic water splitting intermediates on cubic ABO 3 oxides

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Montoya, Joseph H.; Doyle, Andrew D.; Nørskov, Jens K.

    The reactivity of solid oxide surfaces towards adsorption of oxygen and hydrogen is a key metric for the design of new catalysts for electrochemical water splitting. Here, in this paper, we report on trends in the adsorption energy of different adsorbed intermediates derived from the oxidation and reduction of water for ternary ABO 3 oxides in the cubic perovskite structure. Our findings support a previously reported trend that rationalizes the observed lower bound in oxygen evolution (OER) overpotentials from correlations in OH* and OOH* adsorption energies. In addition, we report hydrogen adsorption energies that may be used to estimate hydrogenmore » evolution (HER) overpotentials along with potential metrics for electrochemical metastability in reducing environments. Finally, we also report and discuss trends between atom-projected density of states and adsorption energies, which may enable a design criteria from the local electronic structure of the active site.« less

  20. Overuse of preoperative laboratory coagulation testing and ABO blood typing: a French national study.

    PubMed

    Beloeil, H; Ruchard, D; Drewniak, N; Molliex, S

    2017-12-01

    Following publication of guidelines on routine preoperative tests, the French Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (SFAR), in association with French national public health insurance, conducted a survey to evaluate adherence to guidelines and the economic consequences. Using the French Hospital Discharge Database and National Health Insurance Information system, tests performed during the 30 days before surgery were analysed for two situations: (1) standard laboratory coagulation tests and ABO blood typing in children able to walk and scheduled for tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy; and (2) ABO blood typing in adults before laparoscopic cholecystectomy, thyroidectomy, lumbar discectomy or breast surgery. Guidelines do not recommend any preoperative tests in these settings. Between 2013 and 2015, a coagulation test was performed in 49% of the 241 017 children who underwent tonsillectomy and 39% of the 133 790 children who underwent adenoidectomy. A similar pattern was observed for ABO blood typing although re-operation rates for bleeding on the first postoperative day were very low (0.12-0.31% for tonsillectomy and 0.01-0.02% for adenoidectomy). Between 2012 and 2015, ABO blood typing was performed in 32-45% of the 1 114 082 patients who underwent one of the four selected procedures. The transfusion rate was very low (0.02-0.31%). The mean cost for the four procedures over the 4 yr period was €5 310 000 (sd €325 000). Standard laboratory coagulation tests and ABO blood typing are still routinely prescribed before surgery and anaesthesia despite current guidelines. This over-prescription represents a high and unnecessary cost, and should therefore be addressed. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Journal of Anaesthesia. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

  1. Annealing Effect on (FAPbI3)1−x(MAPbBr3)x Perovskite Films in Inverted-Type Perovskite Solar Cells

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Lung-Chien; Wu, Jia-Ren; Tseng, Zhong-Liang; Chen, Cheng-Chiang; Chang, Sheng Hsiung; Huang, Jun-Kai; Lee, King-Lien; Cheng, Hsin-Ming

    2016-01-01

    This study determines the effects of annealing treatment on the structure and the optical and electronic behaviors of the mixed (FAPbI3)1−x(MAPbBr3)x perovskite system. The experimental results reveal that (FAPbI3)1−x(MAPbBr3)x (x ~ 0.2) is an effective light-absorbing material for use in inverted planar perovskite solar cells owing to its large absorbance and tunable band gap. Therefore, good band-matching between the (FAPbI3)1−x(MAPbBr3)x and C60 in photovoltaic devices can be controlled by annealing at various temperatures. Accordingly, an inverted mixed perovskite solar cell with a record efficiency of 12.0% under AM1.5G irradiation is realized. PMID:28773874

  2. Transport, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of the Conducting Halide Perovskite CH 3NH 3SnI 3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mitzi, D. B.; Feild, C. A.; Schlesinger, Z.; Laibowitz, R. B.

    1995-01-01

    A low-temperature ( T ≤ 100°C) solution technique is described for the preparation of polycrystalline and single crystal samples of the conducting halide perovskite, CH 3NH 3SnI 3. Transport, Hall effect, magnetic, and optical properties are examined over the temperature range 1.8-300 K, confirming that this unusual conducting halide perovskite is a low carrier density p-type metal with a Hall hole density, 1/ RHe ≃ 2 × 10 19 cm -3. The resistivity of pressed pellet samples decreases with decreasing temperature with resistivity ratio ρ(300 K)/ρ(2 K) ≃ 3 and room temperature resistivity ρ(300 K) ≃ 7 mΩ-cm. A free-carrier infrared reflectivity spectrum with a plasma edge observed at approximately 1600 cm -1 further attests to the metallic nature of this compound and suggests a small optical effective mass, m* ≃ 0.2.

  3. Highly Stable, New, Organic-Inorganic Perovskite (CH3 NH3 )2 PdBr4 : Synthesis, Structure, and Physical Properties.

    PubMed

    Liu, Xixia; Huang, Tang Jiao; Zhang, Liuyang; Tang, Baoshan; Zhang, Nengduo; Shi, Diwen; Gong, Hao

    2018-04-03

    Lead halide perovskites have attracted striking attention recently, due to their appealing properties. However, toxicity and stability are two main factors restricting their application. In this work, a less toxic and highly stable Pd-based hybrid perovskite was experimentally synthesized, after exploring different experimental conditions. This new hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 PdBr 4 was found to be an orthorhombic crystal (Cmce, Z=4) with lattice parameters a=8.00, b=7.99, c=18.89 Å. The Cmce symmetry and lattice parameters were confirmed using Pawley refinement and the atoms positions were confirmed based on DFT calculation. This perovskite compound was determined to be a p-type semiconductor, with a resistivity of 102.9 kΩ cm, a carrier concentration of 3.4 ×10 12  cm -3 , and a mobility of 23.4 cm 2  (V s) -1 . Interestingly, XRD and UV/Vis measurements indicated that the phase of this new perovskite was maintained with an optical gap of 1.91 eV after leaving in air with a high humidity of 60 % for 4 days, and unchanged for months in N 2 atmosphere; much more stable than most existing organic-inorganic perovskites. The synthesis and various characterizations of this work further the understanding of this (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 PdBr 4 organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  4. Structural and magnetic behavior of (Ni, Cu) substituted Nd0.67Sr0.33MnO3 perovskite compounds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arun, B.; Sudakshina, B.; Akshay, V. R.; Chandrasekhar, K. Devi; Yang, H. D.; Vasundhara, M.

    2018-05-01

    Structural and magnetic phase transition of Ni and Cu substituted Nd0.67Sr0.33MnO3 perovskite compounds have been investigated. The Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction patterns confirms that both compounds have crystallized into an orthorhombic structure with Pbnm space group same as that of Nd0.67Sr0.33MnO3 compound. X-ray absorption spectra studies completely ruled out the possibility of existence of any impurities. Both compounds do not obey the Curie-Weiss law indicates the presence of some ferromagnetic clusters within the paramagnetic matrix. Ni substituted compound shows a lower value of TC and Cu substituted compound shows a higher value of TC than that of the parent. Non-saturating tendency of magnetization is more prominently seen in the case of Cu substituted compound, indicating an increase in the AFM component.

  5. Ferromagnetic Phase Stability, Magnetic, Electronic, Elasto-Mechanical and Thermodynamic Properties of BaCmO3 Perovskite Oxide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dar, Sajad Ahmad; Srivastava, Vipul; Sakalle, Umesh Kumar; Parey, Vanshree

    2018-04-01

    The structural, electronic, elasto-mechanical and thermodynamic properties of cubic ABO3 perovskites BaCmO3 has been successfully calculated within density functional theory via full potential linearized augmented plane wave. The structural study divulges ferromagnetic stability for the compound. For the precise calculation of electronic and magnetic properties a generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and a Hubbard approximation (GGA + U), (modified Becke Johnson approximation) mBJ have been incorporated. The electronic study portrays the half-metallic nature for the compound in all the approximations. The calculated magnetic moment with different approximations was found to be large and with an integer value of 6 μ b, this integer value of magnetic moment also proves the half-metallic nature for BaCmO3. The calculated elastic constants have been used to predict mechanical properties like the Young modulus (Y), the Shear modulus (G) and the Poisson ratio (ν). The calculated B/G and Cauchy pressure (C12-C44) present the brittle nature for BaCmO3. The thermodynamic parameters like heat capacity, thermal expansion, and Debye temperature have been calculated and examined in the temperature range of 0 K to 700 K and pressure between 0 GPa and 40 GPa. The melting temperature was also calculated and was found to be 1847 ± 300 K.

  6. Cation Ordering within the Perovskite Block of a Six-layer Ruddlesden-Popper Oxide from Layer-by-layer Growth

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yan, Lei; Niu, H. J.; Rosseinsky, M. J.

    2011-03-01

    The (AO)(A BO3)n Ruddlesden-Popper structure is an archetypal complex oxide consisting of two distinct structural units, an (AO) rock salt layer separating an n-octahedra thick perovskite block. Conventional high-temperature oxide synthesis methods cannot access members with n > 3 , butlowtemperaturelayer - by - layerthinfilmmethodsallowthepreparationofmaterialswiththickerperovskiteblocks , exploitinghighsurfacemobilityandlatticematchingwiththesubstrate . Thispresentationdescribesthegrowthofann = 6 memberCaO / (ABO 3)n (ABO 3 : CaMnO 3 , La 0.67 Ca 0.33 MnO 3 orCa 0.85 Sm 0.15 MnO 3) epitaxialsinglecrystalfilmsonthe (001) SrTiO 3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition with the assistance of a reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED).

  7. Formation of hybrid ABX3 perovskite compounds for solar cell application: first-principles calculations of effective ionic radii and determination of tolerance factors.

    PubMed

    Becker, Markus; Klüner, Thorsten; Wark, Michael

    2017-03-14

    The development of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells is one of the most rapidly growing fields in the photovoltaic community and is on its way to challenge polycrystalline silicon and thin film technologies. High power conversion efficiencies can be achieved by simple processing with low cost. However, due to the limited long-term stability and environmental toxicity of lead in the prototypic CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , there is a need to find alternative ABX 3 constitutional combinations in order to promote commercialization. The Goldschmidt tolerance factor and the octahedral factor were found to be necessary geometrical concepts to evaluate which perovskite compounds can be formed. It was figured out that the main challenge lies in estimating an effective ionic radius for the molecular cation. We calculated tolerance factors and octahedral factors for 486 ABX 3 monoammonium-metal-halide combinations, where the steric size of the molecular cation in the A-position was estimated concerning the total charge density. A thorough inquiry about existing mixed organic-inorganic perovskites was undertaken. Our results are in excellent agreement with the reported hybrid compounds and indicate the potential existence of 106 ABX 3 combinations hitherto not discussed in the literature, giving hints for more intense research on prospective individual candidates.

  8. Cobalt-Doped Perovskite-Type Oxide LaMnO3 as Bifunctional Oxygen Catalysts for Hybrid Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.

    PubMed

    Liu, Xiao; Gong, Hao; Wang, Tao; Guo, Hu; Song, Li; Xia, Wei; Gao, Bin; Jiang, Zhongyi; Feng, Linfei; He, Jianping

    2018-03-02

    Perovskite-type oxides based on rare-earth metals containing lanthanum manganate are promising catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolyte. Perovskite-type LaMnO 3 shows excellent ORR performance, but poor OER activity. To improve the OER performance of LaMnO 3 , the element cobalt is doped into perovskite-type LaMnO 3 through a sol-gel method followed by a calcination process. To assess electrocatalytic activities for the ORR and OER, a series of LaMn 1-x Co x O 3 (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) perovskite oxides were synthesized. The results indicate that the amount of doped cobalt has a significant effect on the catalytic performance of LaMn 1-x Co x O 3 . If x=0.3, LaMn 0.7 Co 0.3 O 3 not only shows a tolerable electrocatalytic activity for the ORR, but also exhibits a great improvement (>200 mV) on the catalytic activity for the OER; this indicates that the doping of cobalt is an effective approach to improve the OER performance of LaMnO 3 . Furthermore, the results demonstrate that LaMn 0.7 Co 0.3 O 3 is a promising cost-effective bifunctional catalyst with high performance in the ORR and OER for application in hybrid Li-O 2 batteries. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  9. Electronic and Structural Properties of ABO3: Role of the B-O Coulomb Repulsions for Ferroelectricity

    PubMed Central

    Miura, Kaoru; Azuma, Masaki; Funakubo, Hiroshi

    2011-01-01

    We have investigated the role of the Ti–O Coulomb repulsions in the appearance of the ferroelectric state in BaTiO3 as well as the role of the Zn–O Coulomb repulsions in BiZn0.5Ti0.5O3, using a first-principles calculation with optimized structures. In tetragonal BaTiO3, it is found that the Coulomb repulsions between Ti 3s and 3p states and O 2s and 2p states have an important role for the appearance of Ti ion displacement. In BiZn0.5Ti0.5O3, on the other hand, the stronger Zn–O Coulomb repulsions, which are due to the 3s, 3p, and 3d (d10) states of the Zn ion, have more important role than the Ti–O Coulomb repulsions for the appearance of the tetragonal structure. Our suggestion is consistent with the other ferroelectric perovskite oxides ABO3 in the appearance of tetragonal structures as well as rhombohedral structures. PMID:28879987

  10. Electronic and Structural Properties of ABO3: Role of the B-O Coulomb Repulsions for Ferroelectricity.

    PubMed

    Miura, Kaoru; Azuma, Masaki; Funakubo, Hiroshi

    2011-01-17

    We have investigated the role of the Ti-O Coulomb repulsions in the appearance of the ferroelectric state in BaTiO3 as well as the role of the Zn-O Coulomb repulsions in BiZn0.5Ti0.5O3, using a first-principles calculation with optimized structures. In tetragonal BaTiO3, it is found that the Coulomb repulsions between Ti 3s and 3p states and O 2s and 2p states have an important role for the appearance of Ti ion displacement. In BiZn0.5Ti0.5O3, on the other hand, the stronger Zn-O Coulomb repulsions, which are due to the 3s, 3p, and 3d (d10) states of the Zn ion, have more important role than the Ti-O Coulomb repulsions for the appearance of the tetragonal structure. Our suggestion is consistent with the other ferroelectric perovskite oxides ABO3 in the appearance of tetragonal structures as well as rhombohedral structures.

  11. Bond length (Ti-O) dependence of nano ATO3-based (A = Pb, Ba, Sr) perovskite structures: Optical investigation in IR range

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ghasemifard, Mahdi; Ghamari, Misagh; Okay, Cengiz

    2018-01-01

    In the current study, ABO3 (A = Pb, Ba, Sr and B = Ti) perovskite structures are produced by the auto-combustion route by using citric acid (CA) and nitric acid (NA) as fuel and oxidizer. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the perovskite nanostructure with cubic, tetragonal, and rhombohedral for SrTiO3, PbTiO3, and BaTiO3, respectively. Using Scherrer’s equation and XRD pattern, the average crystallite size of the samples were acquired. The effect of Ti-O bond length on the structure of the samples was evaluated. The type of structures obtained depends on Ti-O bond length which is in turn influenced by A2+ substitutions. Microstructural studies of nanostructures calcined at 850∘C confirmed the formation of polyhedral particles with a narrow size distribution. The values of optical band gaps were measured and the impact of A2+ was discussed. The optical properties such as the complex refractive index and dielectric function were calculated by IR spectroscopy and Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations. Lead, as the element with the highest density as compared to other elements, changes the optical constants, remarkably due to altering titanium and oxygen distance in TO6 groups.

  12. Postoperative rebound of antiblood type antibodies and antibody-mediated rejection after ABO-incompatible living-related kidney transplantation.

    PubMed

    Ishida, Hideki; Kondo, Tsunenori; Shimizu, Tomokazu; Nozaki, Taiji; Tanabe, Kazunari

    2015-03-01

    The purpose of this study is to examine whether postoperative antiblood type antibody rebound is attributed to kidney allograft rejection in ABO blood type-incompatible (ABO-I) living-related kidney transplantation (KTx). A total of 191 ABO-I recipients who received ABO-I living-related KTx between 2001 and 2013 were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of low rebound [(≦1:32), N = 170] and Group 2 consisted of high rebound [(≧1:64), N = 21], according to the levels of the rebounded antiblood type antibodies within 1 year after transplantation. No prophylactic treatment for rejection was administered for elevated antiblood type antibodies, regardless of the levels of the rebounded antibodies. Within 1 year after transplantation, T-cell-mediated rejection was observed in 13 of 170 recipients (13/170, 8%) in Group 1 and in 2 of 21 recipients (2/21, 10%) in Group 2 (Groups 1 vs. 2, P = 0.432). Antibody-mediated rejection was observed in 15 of 170 recipients (15/170, 9%) and 2 of 21 recipients (2/21, 10%) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.898). In this study, we found no correlation between the postoperative antiblood type antibody rebound and the incidence of acute rejection. We concluded that no treatment is necessary for rebounded antiblood type antibodies. © 2014 Steunstichting ESOT.

  13. 42 CFR 493.859 - Standard; ABO group and D (Rho) typing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Standard; ABO group and D (Rho) typing. 493.859 Section 493.859 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... for Laboratories Performing Tests of Moderate Complexity (including the Subcategory), High Complexity...

  14. Synthesis, structural and semiconducting properties of Ba(Cu1/3 Sb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 solid solutions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Singh, Chandra Bhal; Kumar, Dinesh; Prashant, Verma, Narendra Kumar; Singh, Akhilesh Kumar

    2018-05-01

    We report the synthesis and properties of a new solid solution 0.05Ba(Cu1/3Sb2/3)O3-0.95PbTiO3 (BCS-PT) which shows the semiconducting properties. In this study, we have designed new perovskite-type (ABO3) solid solution of BCS-PT that have tunable optical band gap. BCS-PT compounds were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method and their structural, micro-structural and optical properties were analyzed. The calcination temperature for BCS-PT solid solutions has been optimized to obtain a phase pure system. The Reitveld analysis of X-ray data show that all samples crystallize in tetragonal crystal structure with space group P4mm. X-ray investigation revealed that increase in calcination temperature led to increase of lattice parameter `a' while `c' parameter value lowered. The band gap of PbTiO3 is reduced from 3.2 eV to 2.8 eV with BCS doping and with increasing calcination temperature it further reduces to 2.56 eV. The reduced band gap indicated that the compounds are semiconducting and can be used for photovoltaic device applications.

  15. Crystal structure and magnetism of layered perovskites compound EuBaCuFeO5

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lal, Surender; Mukherjee, K.; Yadav, C. S.

    2018-04-01

    Layered perovskite compounds have interesting multiferroic properties.YBaCuFeO5 is one of the layered perovskite compounds which have magnetic and dielectric transition above 200 K. The multiferroic properties can be tuned with the replacement of Y with some other rare earth ions. In this manuscript, structural and magnetic properties of layered perovskite compound EuBaCuFeO5 have been investigated. This compound crystallizes in the tetragonal structure with P4mm space group and is iso-structural with YBaCuFeO5. The magnetic transition has been found to shift to 120 K as compared to YBaCuFeO5 which has the transition at 200 K. This shift in the magnetic transition has been ascribed to the decrease in the chemical pressure that relaxes the magnetic moments.

  16. Solid-state synthesis in the system Na 0.8Nb yW 1-yO 3 with 0⩽ y⩽0.4: A new phase, Na 0.5NbO 2.75, with perovskite-type structure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Debnath, Tapas; Rüscher, Claus H.; Gesing, Thorsten M.; Koepke, Jürgen; Hussain, Altaf

    2008-04-01

    Series of compounds in the system Na xNb yW 1-yO 3 were prepared according to the appropriate molar ratio of Na 2WO 4, WO 3, WO 2 and Nb 2O 5 with x=0.80 and 0.0⩽ y⩽0.4 at 600 °C in evacuated silica glass tubes. These compounds were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, optical microscopy, microprobe analysis, Raman and optical microspectroscopy. A y-dependent separation into three distinct coloured crystallites with cubic perovskite-type structures is observed: (i) red-orange crystallites with composition Na xWO 3 with slightly decreasing x (i.e. 0.8-0.72) with increasing nominal y, (ii) bluish solid solution of composition Na xNb yW 1-yO 3 and (iii) white crystallites of a new phase having defect perovskite-type structure with composition Na 0.5NbO 2.75.

  17. Oxygen-vacancy-mediated dielectric property in perovskite Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3-δ epitaxial thin films

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Weiwei; Gu, Junxing; He, Qian; Zhang, Kelvin H. L.; Wang, Chunchang; Jin, Kuijuan; Wang, Yongqiang; Acosta, Matias; Wang, Haiyan; Borisevich, Albina Y.; MacManus-Driscoll, Judith L.; Yang, Hao

    2018-04-01

    Dielectric relaxation in ABO3 perovskite oxides can result from many different charge carrier-related phenomena. Despite a strong understanding of dielectric relaxations, a detailed investigation of the relationship between the content of oxygen vacancies (VO) and dielectric relaxation has not been performed in perovskite oxide films. In this work, we report a systematic investigation of the influence of the VO concentration on the dielectric relaxation of Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3-δ epitaxial thin films. Nuclear resonance backscattering spectrometry was used to directly measure the oxygen concentration in Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3-δ films. We found that dipolar defects created by VO interact with the off-centered Ti ions, which results in the dielectric relaxation in Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3-δ films. Activation energy gradually increases with the increasing content of VO. The present work significantly extends our understanding of relaxation properties in oxide films.

  18. Effect of mechanical milling on barium titanate (BaTiO3) perovskite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Singh, Rajan Kumar; Sanodia, Sagar; Jain, Neha; Kumar, Ranveer

    2018-05-01

    Commercial Barium Titanate BaTiO3 (BT) is milled by planetary ball mill in acetone medium using stainless steel bowl & ball for different hours. BT is an important perovskite oxide with structure ABO3. BT has applications in electro-optic devices, energy storing devices such as photovoltaic cells, thermistors, multiceramic capacitors & DRAMs etc. BT is non-toxic & environment friendly ceramic with high dielectric and piezoelectric property so it can be used as the substitute of PZT & PbTiO3. Here, we have investigated the effect of milling time and temperature on particle size and phase transition of BT powder. We used use Raman spectroscopy for studying the spectra of BT; XRD is used for structural study. Intensity (height) of Raman spectra and XRD spectra continuously decrease with increasing the milling hours and width if these spectra increases which indicates, decrease in BT size.

  19. Influence of ABO blood group on sports performance.

    PubMed

    Lippi, Giuseppe; Gandini, Giorgio; Salvagno, Gian Luca; Skafidas, Spyros; Festa, Luca; Danese, Elisa; Montagnana, Martina; Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian; Tarperi, Cantor; Schena, Federico

    2017-06-01

    Despite being a recessive trait, the O blood group is the most frequent worldwide among the ABO blood types. Since running performance has been recognized as a major driver of evolutionary advantage in humans, we planned a study to investigate whether the ABO blood group may have an influence on endurance running performance in middle-aged recreational athletes. The study population consisted of 52 recreational, middle-aged, Caucasian athletes (mean age: 49±13 years, body mass index, 23.4±2.3 kg/m 2 ), regularly engaged in endurance activity. The athletes participated to a scientific event called "Run for Science" (R4S), entailing the completion of a 21.1 km (half-marathon) run under competing conditions. The ABO blood type status of the participants was provided by the local Service of Transfusion Medicine. In univariate analysis, running performance was significantly associated with age and weekly training, but not with body mass index. In multiple linear regression analysis, age and weekly training remained significantly associated with running performance. The ABO blood group status was also found to be independently associated with running time, with O blood type athletes performing better than those with non-O blood groups. Overall, age, weekly training and O blood group type explained 62.2% of the total variance of running performance (age, 41.6%; training regimen, 10.5%; ABO blood group, 10.1%). The results of our study show that recreational athletes with O blood group have better endurance performance compared to those with non-O blood group types. This finding may provide additional support to the putative evolutionary advantages of carrying the O blood group.

  20. Single Crystal Elasticity of Iron Bearing Perovskite and Post Perovskite Analog

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yoneda, A.; Fukui, H.; Baron, A. Q. R.

    2014-12-01

    We measured single crystal elasticity of (1) pure and iron bearing MgSiO3 perovskite, and (2) Pbnm-CaIrO3 and Cmcm-CaIrO3, a representative analog of MgSiO3 perovskite and post perovskite, respectively, by means of inelastic X ray scattering at BL35XU, SPring-8. The present results for MgSiO3 perovskite demonstrate that elastic anisotropy of magnesium perovskite is highly enhanced by iron incorporation. Furthermore anti-correlation between bulk sound velocity and shear wave velocity was confirmed with iron content, which is against the theoretical prediction. The anti-correlation found in this study is important, because it enables us to interpret the recent seismological observation of the anti-correlation in the deep lower mantle by means of iron content difference in perovskite. On the other hand, we can learn difference of elasticity between perovskite and post perovskite thorough measurement on CaIrO3, as analog of MgSiO3 perovskite and post perovskite. From a characteristics of the single crystal elasticity of CaIrO3 compounds, we interpreted the texture pattern in the D" layer consistent with recent seismic observation.

  1. ABO blood groups and rheumatic diseases.

    PubMed

    Çildağ, Songül; Kara, Yasemin; Şentürk, Taşkın

    2017-12-01

    Various genetic and environmental risk factors have been shown to be associated with the incidence of rheumatic diseases. However, the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases poorly understood. Several studies have shown associations of ABO blood groups with various diseases. Our study aimed to determine whether there is an association between the types of rheumatic diseases and ABO and Rh blood groups. The study included the patients, followed up at the Immunology-Rheumatology clinic between January 2016 and December 2016 for diagnosis of rheumatic disease, who had an ABO Rh blood data. Age, gender, type of rheumatic disease, ABO Rh blood groups were recorded. When 823 patients were assessed for blood types, 42.5% patients had A type, 33.2% had O type, 15.4% had B type, and 8.9% had AB type. There was significant difference in the distribution of blood types in rheumatic diseases. While SpA, vasculitis, UCTD, Behçet's and RA were more common in the patients with A blood type; FMF, SLE, SSc and SjS were more common in the patients with O blood type. In addition, the blood type where all the diseases are observed the least commonly was AB. There was significant difference in the distribution of Rh factor in rheumatic diseases. 92.2% patients were Rh positive and 7.8% patients were Rh negative. In our study, we thought that the higher incidence of different rheumatic diseases in different blood types was associated with different genetic predisposition.

  2. p-i-n heterojunctions with BiFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles and p- and n-type oxides: photovoltaic properties.

    PubMed

    Chatterjee, Soumyo; Bera, Abhijit; Pal, Amlan J

    2014-11-26

    We formed p-i-n heterojunctions based on a thin film of BiFeO3 nanoparticles. The perovskite acting as an intrinsic semiconductor was sandwiched between a p-type and an n-type oxide semiconductor as hole- and electron-collecting layer, respectively, making the heterojunction act as an all-inorganic oxide p-i-n device. We have characterized the perovskite and carrier collecting materials, such as NiO and MoO3 nanoparticles as p-type materials and ZnO nanoparticles as the n-type material, with scanning tunneling spectroscopy; from the spectrum of the density of states, we could locate the band edges to infer the nature of the active semiconductor materials. The energy level diagram of p-i-n heterojunctions showed that type-II band alignment formed at the p-i and i-n interfaces, favoring carrier separation at both of them. We have compared the photovoltaic properties of the perovskite in p-i-n heterojunctions and also in p-i and i-n junctions. From current-voltage characteristics and impedance spectroscopy, we have observed that two depletion regions were formed at the p-i and i-n interfaces of a p-i-n heterojunction. The two depletion regions operative at p-i-n heterojunctions have yielded better photovoltaic properties as compared to devices having one depletion region in the p-i or the i-n junction. The results evidenced photovoltaic devices based on all-inorganic oxide, nontoxic, and perovskite materials.

  3. Structural and thermodynamic aspects of organic-inorganic mixed halide (CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx) perovskite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Singh, Rajan Kumar; Kumar, Ranveer; Jain, Neha; Singh, Jai; Mishra, S. K.

    2018-05-01

    Mixed Bromine and iodine lead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx have been synthesized by solution phase method using CH3NH3I and PbBr2 precursors in ambient conditions. X-ray diffraction indicates the formation of cubic perovskite at room temperature with space group of Pm3m. The mixed perovskite improved crystallanity and grain contour which may significant improve photovoltaic performance of perovskite devices. Thermodynamic behavior of such type of material also indicates energy absorption nature of materials.

  4. Quantum anomalous Hall phase and half-metallic phase in ferromagnetic (111) bilayers of 4 d and 5 d transition metal perovskites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chandra, Hirak Kumar; Guo, Guang-Yu

    2017-04-01

    Extraordinary electronic phases can form in artificial oxide heterostructures, which will provide a fertile ground for new physics and also give rise to novel device functions. Based on a systematic first-principles density functional theory study of the magnetic and electronic properties of the (111) superlattices (ABO3) 2/(AB'O3)10 of 4 d and 5 d transition metal perovskite (B = Ru, Rh, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Au; AB'O3=LaAlO3 , SrTiO3) , we demonstrate that due to quantum confinement, bilayers (LaBO3)2 (B = Ru, Re, Os) and (SrBO3)2 (B = Rh, Os, Ir) are ferromagnetic with ordering temperatures up to room temperature. In particular, bilayer (LaOsO3)2 is an exotic spin-polarized quantum anomalous Hall insulator, while the other ferromagnetic bilayers are metallic with large Hall conductances comparable to the conductance quantum. Furthermore, bilayers (LaRuO3)2 and (SrRhO3)2 are half metallic, while the bilayer (SrIrO3)2 exhibits a peculiar colossal magnetic anisotropy. Our findings thus show that 4 d and 5 d metal perovskite (111) bilayers are a class of quasi-two-dimensional materials for exploring exotic quantum phases and also for advanced applications such as low-power nanoelectronics and oxide spintronics.

  5. Influence of transition metal electronegativity on the oxygen storage capacity of perovskite oxides.

    PubMed

    Liu, Lu; Taylor, Daniel D; Rodriguez, Efrain E; Zachariah, Michael R

    2016-08-16

    The selection of highly efficient oxygen carriers (OCs) is a key step necessary for the practical development of chemical looping combustion (CLC). In this study, a series of ABO3 perovskites, where A = La, Ba, Sr, Ca and B = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, are synthesized and tested in a fixed bed reactor for reactivity and stability as OCs with CH4 as the fuel. We find that the electronegativity of the transition metal on the B-site (λB), is a convenient descriptor for oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of our perovskite samples. By plotting OSC for total methane oxidation against λB, we observe an inverted volcano plot relationship. These results could provide useful guidelines for perovskite OC design and their other energy related applications.

  6. [Association of abo blood groups with gestational diabetes mellitus].

    PubMed

    Huidobro M, Andrea; Torres C, Demetrio; Paredes, Fabio

    2017-04-01

    ABO and Rhesus blood systems are associated with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). Gestational Diabetes (GDM) is a model to study DM. To study the association between GDM and ABO and Rhesus groups. A retrospective cohort study was performed in 1,078 women who gave birth to a singleton in Talca Regional Hospital, Chile, during 2008. We analyzed personal, obstetric, medical data and ABO and Rh blood groups. GDM was diagnosed in 6.6% of women. Age and body mass index were significantly associated with GDM. There were no differences in Rh blood groups (p = 0.604), while ABO groups were different between GDM and controls. B antigen was present in 3% of GDM women and in 10.8% of controls (p = 0.037), with an odds ratio of 0.25 after adjusting for other associated risk factors (p = 0.06). ABO group is suggested as a possible protector marker for GDM.

  7. ABO Blood Type A Is Associated With Increased Risk of ARDS in Whites Following Both Major Trauma and Severe Sepsis

    PubMed Central

    Meyer, Nuala J.; Shashaty, Michael G. S.; Feng, Rui; Lanken, Paul N.; Gallop, Robert; Kaplan, Sandra; Herlim, Maximilian; Oz, Nathaniel L.; Hiciano, Isabel; Campbell, Ana; Holena, Daniel N.; Reilly, Muredach P.; Christie, Jason D.

    2014-01-01

    Background: ABO glycosyltransferases catalyze antigen modifications on various glycans and glycoproteins and determine the ABO blood types. Blood type A has been associated with increased risk of vascular diseases and differential circulating levels of proteins related to inflammation and endothelial function. The objective of this study was to determine the association of ABO blood types with ARDS risk in patients with major trauma and severe sepsis. Methods: We conducted prospective cohort studies in two populations at an urban tertiary referral, level I trauma center. Critically ill patients (n = 732) presenting after major trauma were followed for 5 days for ARDS development. Additionally, 976 medical patients with severe sepsis were followed for 5 days for ARDS. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders. Results: ARDS developed in 197 of the 732 trauma patients (27%). Blood type A was associated with increased ARDS risk among whites (37% vs 24%; adjusted OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.14-3.12; P = .014), but not blacks (adjusted OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.33-1.13; P = .114). ARDS developed in 222 of the 976 patients with severe sepsis (23%). Blood type A was also associated with an increased ARDS risk among whites (31% vs 21%; adjusted OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.08-2.59; P = .021) but, again, not among blacks (adjusted OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.59-2.33; P = .652). Conclusions: Blood type A is associated with an increased risk of ARDS in white patients with major trauma and severe sepsis. These results suggest a role for ABO glycans and glycosyltransferases in ARDS susceptibility. PMID:24385226

  8. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and neutron diffraction study of the perovskite-type rare-earth cobaltites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sikolenko, V.; Efimova, E.; Franz, A.; Ritter, C.; Troyanchuk, I. O.; Karpinsky, D.; Zubavichus, Y.; Veligzhanin, A.; Tiutiunnikov, S. I.; Sazonov, A.; Efimov, V.

    2018-05-01

    Correlations between local and long-range structure distortions in the perovskite-type RE1-xSrxCoO3-δ (RE = La, Pr, Nd; x = 0.0 and 0.5) compounds have been studied at room temperature by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) at the Co K-edge and high-resolution neutron powder diffraction (NPD). The use of two complementary experimental techniques allowed us to explore the influence of the type of rare-earth element and strontium substitution on unusual behavior of static and dynamic features of both the Co-O bond lengths.

  9. [C6 H14 N]PbBr3 : An ABX3 -Type Semiconducting Perovskite Hybrid with Above-Room-Temperature Phase Transition.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Jing; Liu, Xitao; Li, Xianfeng; Han, Shiguo; Tao, Kewen; Wang, Yuyin; Ji, Chengmin; Sun, Zhihua; Luo, Junhua

    2018-04-16

    Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, with the formula ABX 3 (A=organic cation, B=metal cation, and X=halide; for example, CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ), have diverse and intriguing physical properties, such as semiconduction, phase transitions, and optical properties. Herein, a new ABX 3 -type semiconducting perovskite-like hybrid, (hexamethyleneimine)PbBr 3 (1), consisting of one-dimensional inorganic frameworks and cyclic organic cations, is reported. Notably, the inorganic moiety of 1 adopts a perovskite-like architecture and forms infinite columns composed of face-sharing PbBr 6 octahedra. Strikingly, the organic cation exhibits a highly flexible molecular configuration, which triggers an above-room-temperature phase transition, at T c =338.8 K; this is confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), specific heat capacity (C p ), and dielectric measurements. Further structural analysis reveals that the phase transition originates from the molecular configurational distortion of the organic cations coupled with small-angle reorientation of the PbBr 6 octahedra inside the inorganic components. Moreover, temperature-dependent conductivity and UV/Vis absorption measurements reveal that 1 also displays semiconducting behavior below T c . It is believed that this work will pave a potential way to design multifeatured perovskite hybrids by utilizing cyclic organic amines. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  10. Oxygen Vacancy-Tuned Physical Properties in Perovskite Thin Films with Multiple B-site Valance States

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Enriquez, Erik; Chen, Aiping; Harrell, Zach

    Controlling oxygen content in perovskite oxides with ABO 3 structure is one of most critical steps for tuning their functionality. Notably, there have been tremendous efforts to understand the effect of changes in oxygen content on the properties of perovskite thin films that are not composed of cations with multiple valance states. Here, we study the effect of oxygen vacancies on structural and electrical properties in epitaxial thin films of SrFeO 3-δ (SFO), where SFO is a compound with multiple valance states at the B site. Various annealing treatments are used to produce different oxygen contents in the films, whichmore » has resulted in significant structural changes in the fully strained SFO films. The out-of-plane lattice parameter and tetragonality increase with decreasing oxygen concentration, indicating the crystal structure is closely related to the oxygen content. Importantly, variation of the oxygen content in the films significantly affects the dielectric properties, leakage conduction mechanisms, and the resistive hysteresis of the materials. These results establish the relationship between oxygen content and structural and functional properties for a range of multivalent transition metal oxides.« less

  11. Oxygen Vacancy-Tuned Physical Properties in Perovskite Thin Films with Multiple B-site Valance States

    DOE PAGES

    Enriquez, Erik; Chen, Aiping; Harrell, Zach; ...

    2017-04-18

    Controlling oxygen content in perovskite oxides with ABO 3 structure is one of most critical steps for tuning their functionality. Notably, there have been tremendous efforts to understand the effect of changes in oxygen content on the properties of perovskite thin films that are not composed of cations with multiple valance states. Here, we study the effect of oxygen vacancies on structural and electrical properties in epitaxial thin films of SrFeO 3-δ (SFO), where SFO is a compound with multiple valance states at the B site. Various annealing treatments are used to produce different oxygen contents in the films, whichmore » has resulted in significant structural changes in the fully strained SFO films. The out-of-plane lattice parameter and tetragonality increase with decreasing oxygen concentration, indicating the crystal structure is closely related to the oxygen content. Importantly, variation of the oxygen content in the films significantly affects the dielectric properties, leakage conduction mechanisms, and the resistive hysteresis of the materials. These results establish the relationship between oxygen content and structural and functional properties for a range of multivalent transition metal oxides.« less

  12. Unraveling the Chemical Nature of the 3D "Hollow" Hybrid Halide Perovskites.

    PubMed

    Spanopoulos, Ioannis; Ke, Weijun; Stoumpos, Constantinos C; Schueller, Emily C; Kontsevoi, Oleg Y; Seshadri, Ram; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G

    2018-05-02

    The newly introduced class of 3D halide perovskites, termed "hollow" perovskites, has been recently demonstrated as light absorbing semiconductor materials for fabricating lead-free perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency and superior stability. Hollow perovskites derive from three-dimensional (3D) AMX 3 perovskites ( A = methylammonium (MA), formamidinium (FA); M = Sn, Pb; X = Cl, Br, I), where small molecules such as ethylenediammonium cations ( en) can be incorporated as the dication without altering the structure dimensionality. We present in this work the inherent structural properties of the hollow perovskites and expand this class of materials to the Pb-based analogues. Through a combination of physical and spectroscopic methods (XRD, gas pycnometry, 1 H NMR, TGA, SEM/EDX), we have assigned the general formula (A) 1- x ( en) x (M) 1-0.7 x (X) 3-0.4 x to the hollow perovskites. The incorporation of en in the 3D perovskite structure leads to massive M and X vacancies in the 3D [ MX 3 ] framework, thus the term hollow. The resulting materials are semiconductors with significantly blue-shifted direct band gaps from 1.25 to 1.51 eV for Sn-based perovskites and from 1.53 to 2.1 eV for the Pb-based analogues. The increased structural disorder and hollow nature were validated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis as well as pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the experimental trends and suggest that the observed widening of the band gap is attributed to the massive M and X vacancies, which create a less connected 3D hollow structure. The resulting materials have superior air stability, where in the case of Sn-based hollow perovskites it exceeds two orders of temporal magnitude compared to the conventional full perovskites of MASnI 3 and FASnI 3 . The hollow perovskite compounds pose as a new platform of promising light absorbers that can be utilized in single junction or tandem solar cells.

  13. Associations between ABO blood groups and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

    PubMed

    Ohno, Yoshio; Ohori, Makoto; Nakashima, Jun; Okubo, Hidenori; Satake, Naoya; Takizawa, Issei; Hashimoto, Takeshi; Hamada, Riu; Nakagami, Yoshihiro; Yoshioka, Kunihiko; Tachibana, Masaaki

    2015-01-01

    Recent studies have demonstrated associations between ABO blood groups and prognosis in various types of cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ABO blood groups and biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). A total of 555 patients with prostate cancer who underwent RP were included in the study. No patients received neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant therapy. The effect of ABO blood groups on BCR was examined using univariate and multivariate analyses. During the follow-up period (mean, 52.0 months), 166 patients (29.9%) experienced BCR, with a 5-year BCR-free rate of 67.3%. Although the ABO blood group was not a significantly associated with BCR in the univariate analysis, it was an independent predictor of BCR in the multivariate analysis: blood type O patients had a significantly lower risk of BCR compared to type A patients (Hazard ratio, 0.608; 95% confidence interval, 0.410-0.902; P = 0.014). Further analyses revealed that surgical margin status confounded the assessment of the association between the ABO blood group and BCR. In the analyses of patients with a negative surgical margin, the 5-year BCR-free rate in blood type O patients was a significantly higher than that in type A patients (91.2% vs. 71.0%; P = 0.026). Blood type O is significantly associated with a decreased risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Further studies are needed to clarify the nature of this association.

  14. A Laboratory Exercise to Determine Human ABO Blood Type by Noninvasive Methods

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martin, Michael P.; Detzel, Stephen M.

    2008-01-01

    Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and their association with diseases and nondisease phenotypes is of growing importance in human biology studies. In this laboratory exercise, students determine the genetic basis for their ABO blood type; however, no blood is drawn. Students isolate genomic DNA from buccal mucosa cells that are present…

  15. ABO Blood Group and Endometrial Carcinoma: A Preliminary Single-Center Experience from Saudi Arabia.

    PubMed

    Abu-Zaid, Ahmed; Alsabban, Mohannad; Abuzaid, Mohammed; Alomar, Osama; Al-Badawi, Ismail A; Salem, Hany

    2017-12-18

    Inherited ABO blood groups have been shown to play possible contributions in the pathogenesis of various gynecologic and non-gynecologic carcinomas. With regard to gynecologic carcinomas, there is a confined number of studies that explored the relationship between ABO blood group and endometrial carcinoma (EC) in the PubMed-indexed literature. To the best of our knowledge, no such study has ever been conducted in Saudi Arabia. Our study has two objectives: (I) to determine the prevalence of ABO blood groups among Saudi patients with EC, and (II) to explore the relationship between ABO blood group and several clinico-pathological prognostic parameters (namely: menopausal status [age], body mass index [BMI], tumor grade, FIGO [Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique] stage and recurrence) in Saudi patients with EC. A retrospective cross-sectional study from 01-January-2010 to 31-July-2014 was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia - a referral tertiary healthcare institute. One-hundred and fourteen patients (n=114) were included in the study. Clinico-pathological data were extrapolated from medical records, and their association with ABO blood groups were evaluated. Categorical data were presented as number of cases (n) and percentages (%). Two-tailed Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis. For all purposes, p values <0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. The mean age and BMI were 59.5 ± 10.8 years (range: 31 - 90) and 36.6 ± 8.6 kg/m 2 (range: 17 - 60), respectively. The vast majority of patients were post-menopausal (86%), had BMI >28 kg/m 2 (84.2%), diagnosed with early FIGO stage I-II (76.3%) and developed no recurrence (86.8%). The frequencies of ABO blood group types A, B, AB, and O were 28.1%, 12.3%, 3.5% and 56.1%, respectively. When ABO blood groups were analyzed as four different types (A, B, AB and O), O-type was the most common ABO blood group in pre- and post

  16. Thermoelectric Properties of Electron-Doped SrMnO3 Single Crystals with Perovskite Structure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Suzuki, T.; Sakai, H.; Taguchi, Y.; Tokura, Y.

    2012-06-01

    Thermoelectric properties have been investigated for single crystals of Sr(Mn1- x Mo x )O3 with the perovskite structure. Similar to (Sr1- x Ce x )MnO3, the Seebeck coefficient for lightly electron-doped compounds ( x ≤ 0.01) is enhanced upon G-type antiferromagnetic ordering, while maintaining metallic conduction. This results in enhancement of the figure of merit ( ZT). On the other hand, the Seebeck coefficient for the more electron-doped compound ( x = 0.025) changes sign from negative to positive within a spin and orbital ordered phase (with C-type antiferromagnetic configuration and Mn 3 z 2 - r 2 type orbital order) as the temperature is lowered, whereas the Hall coefficient remains negative in the whole temperature range. The enhancement of the ZT value in the G-type antiferromagnetic phase implies the possibility for improvement of the thermoelectric efficiency by using the coupling between charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom in strongly correlated electron systems.

  17. Comparative study of perovskite-type scintillator materials CsCaI3 and KCaI3 via first-principles calculations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kang, Byungkyun; Feng, Qingguo; Biswas, Koushik

    2018-02-01

    Several members of a large family of perovskite-like halides with a common chemical formula, ABX3 (A  =  monovalent, B  =  divalent, and X  =  halogen ion), are being investigated for their interesting properties and potential technological applications. CsCaI3 and KCaI3 are two such ionic compounds who are of interest in the quest for superior and cost-effective alternatives to NaI or CsI based scintillators. They are the subject of this first-principles based computational study. Both are wide-gap materials having primarily I 5p and Ca 3d characters near the valence and conduction band edges, respectively. Although built from [CaI6] octahedral motifs, structural differences between the two compounds is reflected in anisotropic electron effective mass and distinctive formation and migration of self-trapped holes. We discuss these properties as they relate to scintillation decay and proportional light yield.

  18. Lead free CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}SnI{sub 3} perovskite thin-film with p-type semiconducting nature and metal-like conductivity

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Iefanova, Anastasiia; Adhikari, Nirmal; Dubey, Ashish

    Lead free CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}SnI{sub 3} perovskite thin film was prepared by low temperature solution processing and characterized using current sensing atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM). Analysis of electrical, optical, and optoelectrical properties reveals unique p-type semiconducting nature and metal like conductivity of this material. CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}SnI{sub 3} film also showed a strong absorption in visible and near infrared spectrum with absorption onset of 1.3 eV. X-ray Diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed a structure of this compound and uniform film formation. The morphology, film uniformity, light harvesting and electrical properties strongly depend on preparation method and precursormore » solution. CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}SnI{sub 3} films prepared based on dimethylformamide (DMF) showed higher crystallinity and light harvesting capability compared to the film based on combination of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). Local photocurrent mapping analysis showed that CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}SnI{sub 3} can be used as an active layer and have a potential to fabricate lead free photovoltaic devices.« less

  19. Sn2+-Stabilization in MASnI3 perovskites by superhalide incorporation.

    PubMed

    Xiang, Junxiang; Wang, Kan; Xiang, Bin; Cui, Xudong

    2018-03-28

    Sn-based hybrid halide perovskites are a potential solution to replace Pb and thereby reduce Pb toxicity in MAPbI 3 perovskite-based solar cells. However, the instability of Sn 2+ in air atmosphere causes a poor reproducibility of MASnI 3 , hindering steps towards this goal. In this paper, we propose a new type of organic metal-superhalide perovskite of MASnI 2 BH 4 and MASnI 2 AlH 4 . Through first-principles calculations, our results reveal that the incorporation of BH 4 and AlH 4 superhalides can realize an impressive enhancement of oxidation resistance of Sn 2+ in MASnI 3 perovskites because of the large electron transfer between Sn 2+ and [BH 4 ] - /[AlH 4 ] - . Meanwhile, the high carrier mobility is preserved in these superhalide perovskites and only a slight decrease is observed in the optical absorption strength. Our studies provide a new path to attain highly stable performance and reproducibility of Sn-based perovskite solar cells.

  20. Electrochemical sensing of modified ABO3 perovskite: LaFe0.8 R0.2O3(R= Cr, Co, Al)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vidya Rajan, N.; Alexander, L. K.

    2017-06-01

    Perovskite LaFeO3 with orthorhombic structure has been synthesized by citric acid mediated solution method. The effectiveness of ionic radii and Oxidation state of the doping material on ionic conductivity of the host matrix was evaluated by B-site (Fe) doping on LaFeO3 with Cr, Co and Al, resulting LaFe0.8 R0.2O3 (R = Cr, Co, Al). XRD with Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopic analysis demonstrate successful synthesis. The effect of the 20% B site doping on electrochemical activity is reported. The doped materials exhibit a decrease in sensing activity towards the non enzymatic detection of H2O2.

  1. p-type Mesoscopic nickel oxide/organometallic perovskite heterojunction solar cells.

    PubMed

    Wang, Kuo-Chin; Jeng, Jun-Yuan; Shen, Po-Shen; Chang, Yu-Cheng; Diau, Eric Wei-Guang; Tsai, Cheng-Hung; Chao, Tzu-Yang; Hsu, Hsu-Cheng; Lin, Pei-Ying; Chen, Peter; Guo, Tzung-Fang; Wen, Ten-Chin

    2014-04-23

    In this article, we present a new paradigm for organometallic hybrid perovskite solar cell using NiO inorganic metal oxide nanocrystalline as p-type electrode material and realized the first mesoscopic NiO/perovskite/[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) heterojunction photovoltaic device. The photo-induced transient absorption spectroscopy results verified that the architecture is an effective p-type sensitized junction, which is the first inorganic p-type, metal oxide contact material for perovskite-based solar cell. Power conversion efficiency of 9.51% was achieved under AM 1.5 G illumination, which significantly surpassed the reported conventional p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. The replacement of the organic hole transport materials by a p-type metal oxide has the advantages to provide robust device architecture for further development of all-inorganic perovskite-based thin-film solar cells and tandem photovoltaics.

  2. p-type Mesoscopic Nickel Oxide/Organometallic Perovskite Heterojunction Solar Cells

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Kuo-Chin; Jeng, Jun-Yuan; Shen, Po-Shen; Chang, Yu-Cheng; Diau, Eric Wei-Guang; Tsai, Cheng-Hung; Chao, Tzu-Yang; Hsu, Hsu-Cheng; Lin, Pei-Ying; Chen, Peter; Guo, Tzung-Fang; Wen, Ten-Chin

    2014-01-01

    In this article, we present a new paradigm for organometallic hybrid perovskite solar cell using NiO inorganic metal oxide nanocrystalline as p-type electrode material and realized the first mesoscopic NiO/perovskite/[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) heterojunction photovoltaic device. The photo-induced transient absorption spectroscopy results verified that the architecture is an effective p-type sensitized junction, which is the first inorganic p-type, metal oxide contact material for perovskite-based solar cell. Power conversion efficiency of 9.51% was achieved under AM 1.5 G illumination, which significantly surpassed the reported conventional p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. The replacement of the organic hole transport materials by a p-type metal oxide has the advantages to provide robust device architecture for further development of all-inorganic perovskite-based thin-film solar cells and tandem photovoltaics. PMID:24755642

  3. New Sulfide Compounds MeXMn1-XS (Me=3d Metal) with the Colossal Magnetoresistance Effect

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-05-19

    is to synthesize the new MeXMn1-XS (Me=3d-metal) sulfide compounds and to study the electrical, magnetic and magnetoresistive properties . Recently...oxide compounds of manganese (LaMnO3-type) with perovskite structure have been intensively investigated. This interest is caused by the observation of... properties of the materials with different structure. It is known that alpha - MnS manganese monosulfide, similar to LaMnO3, has the specific

  4. The prognostic value of ABO blood group in cancer patients

    PubMed Central

    Franchini, Massimo; Liumbruno, Giancarlo M.; Lippi, Giuseppe

    2016-01-01

    The antigens of the ABO system are expressed on red blood cell membranes as well as on the surface of several other normal and pathological cells and tissues. Following the first clinical observations more than 60 years ago, the role of ABO blood group in cancer biology has been intensely studied by several investigators, and it is now widely recognised that ABO antigens are associated with the risk of developing several types of tumours, namely pancreatic and gastric cancers. However, whether this association also affects the clinical outcome of cancer patients is less certain. In this narrative review, based on literature data, we discuss the role of ABO blood types as prognostic biomarkers in different types of cancers. The current knowledge of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the association is also analysed. PMID:26674825

  5. Electron Transfer from Triplet State of TIPS-Pentacene Generated by Singlet Fission Processes to CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite.

    PubMed

    Lee, Sangsu; Hwang, Daesub; Jung, Seok Il; Kim, Dongho

    2017-02-16

    To reveal the applicability of singlet fission processes in perovskite solar cell, we investigated electron transfer from TIPS-pentacene to CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite in film phase. Through the observation of the shorter fluorescence lifetime in TIPS-pentacene/MAPbI 3 perovskite bilayer film (5 ns) compared with pristine MAPbI 3 perovskite film (20 ns), we verified electron-transfer processes between TIPS-pentacene and MAPbI 3 perovskite. Furthermore, the observation of singlet fission processes, a faster decay rate, TIPS-pentacene cations, and the analysis of kinetic profiles of the intensity ratio between 500 and 525 nm in the TA spectra of the TIPS-pentacene/MAPbI 3 perovskite bilayer film indicate that electron transfer occurs from triplet state of TIPS-pentacene generated by singlet fission processes to MAPbI 3 perovskite conduction band. We believe that our results can provide useful information on the design of solar cells sensitized by singlet fission processes and pave the way for new types of perovskite solar cells.

  6. Tunable inversion symmetry to control indirect-to-direct band gaps transitions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lu, Xue-Zeng; Rondinelli, James M.

    2018-05-01

    Electric-field tunable indirect-to-direct band gap transitions occur in thin-film silicon and transition metal dichalcogenides; however, they remain challenging to access in three-dimensional transition metal oxides. Very recently, an unusual polar-to-nonpolar phase transition under epitaxial strain was discovered in A3B2O7 hybrid improper ferroelectrics (HIFs), which supports controllable dielectric anisotropy and magnetization. Here we examine HIF (ABO3) 1/(A'BO3) 1 superlattices and AA'BB' O6 double perovskites and predict a competing nonpolar antiferroelectric phase, demonstrating it is hidden in hybrid improper ferroelectrics exhibiting corner-connected B O6 octahedra. Furthermore, we show the transition between the polar and nonpolar phases enables an in-plane electric field to control the indirect-to-direct band gap transition at the phase boundary in the (ABO3) 1/(A'BO3) 1 superlattices and AA'BB' O6 double perovskites, which may be tuned through static strain or chemical substitution. Our findings establish HIFs as a functional electronics class from which to realize direct gap materials and enables the integration of a broader palette of chemistries and compounds for linear and nonlinear optical applications.

  7. Effect of cation ordering on oxygen vacancy diffusion pathways in double perovskites

    DOE PAGES

    Uberuaga, Blas Pedro; Pilania, Ghanshyam

    2015-07-08

    Perovskite structured oxides (ABO 3) are attractive for a number of technological applications, including as superionics because of the high oxygen conductivities they exhibit. Double perovskites (AA’BB’O 6) provide even more flexibility for tailoring properties. Using accelerated molecular dynamics, we examine the role of cation ordering on oxygen vacancy mobility in one model double perovskite SrLaTiAlO 6. We find that the mobility of the vacancy is very sensitive to the cation ordering, with a migration energy that varies from 0.6 to 2.7 eV. In the extreme cases, the mobility is both higher and lower than either of the two endmore » member single perovskites. Further, the nature of oxygen vacancy diffusion, whether one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional, also varies with cation ordering. We correlate the dependence of oxygen mobility on cation structure to the distribution of Ti 4+ cations, which provide unfavorable environments for the positively charged oxygen vacancy. The results demonstrate the potential of using tailored double perovskite structures to precisely control the behavior of oxygen vacancies in these materials.« less

  8. Chemotherapy-induced B-cell depletion in hepatoblastoma patients undergoing ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation.

    PubMed

    Kanazawa, Hiroyuki; Fukuda, Akinari; Mali, Vidyadhar Padmakar; Rahayatri, Tri Hening; Hirata, Yoshihiro; Sasaki, Kengo; Uchida, Hajime; Shigeta, Takanobu; Sakamoto, Seisuke; Matsumoto, Kimikazu; Kasahara, Mureo

    2016-05-01

    LT from ABO-I donors requires preconditioning regimens to prevent postoperative catastrophic AMR. NAC for HBL is known to cause myelosuppression leading to a reduction in the number and function of lymphocytes. We investigated this chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in HBL patients listed for LT from ABO-I donors with reference to the kinetics of B, T cells, and anti-ABO blood type isoagglutinin titers. Between 2005 and 2015, of the 319 patients who underwent LDLT at our institute, 12 were indicated for unresectable HBL. Three patients with unresectable HBL who underwent LDLT from ABO-I donors are included in this study. Immunosuppression consisted of a standard regime of tacrolimus and low-dose steroids as in ABO compatible/identical LDLT. No additional preoperative therapies for B-cell depletion were used. Absolute lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte subsets (including CD20+ B cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cells), and anti-ABO blood type isoagglutinin titers were measured before LDLT and postoperatively. The median age at diagnosis was 19 months (range, 3-31 months). The median follow-up was seven months (range, 6-15 months). The median interval from the last NAC to LDLT was 33 days (range, 25-52 days). The median interval from LDLT to adjuvant chemotherapy was 28 days (range, 22-36 days). The counts of CD20+ B cells before LDLT were depleted to median 5 cells/mm(3) (range, 0-6 cells/mm(3)). There was a transient rebound in the CD20+ B cell counts on day seven (maximum of 82 cells/mm(3)) followed by a decline starting at 14 days after LDLT that was sustained for the duration of adjuvant chemotherapy. Anti-ABO blood type isoagglutinin titers were lowered to between 1:1 and 1:16 before LDLT and remained low for the duration of follow-up in this study. All of the three patients remained in good health without either acute cellular or AMR after LDLT. The B-cell depletion that occurs after cisplatin-based chemotherapy for HBL may help accomplish safe ABO-I LDLT

  9. Role of bromine doping on the photovoltaic properties and microstructures of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} perovskite solar cells

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Suzuki, Atsushi; Okada, Hiroshi; Oku, Takeo

    Organic-inorganic hybrid heterojunction solar cells containing CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} perovskite compound were fabricated using mesoporous TiO{sub 2} as the electronic transporting layer and spirobifluorence as the hole-transporting layer. The purpose of the present study is to investigate role of bromine (Br) doping on the photovoltaic properties and microstructure of CH{sub 3}NH{sub 3}PbI{sub 3} perovskite solar cells. Photovoltaic, optical properties and microstructures of perovskite-based solar cells were investigated. The X-ray diffraction identified crystal structure of the perovskite layer doped with Br in the solar cell. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed a different behavior of surface morphology and the perovskite crystalmore » structure on the TiO{sub 2} mesoporous structure depending on extent amount of hydrogen doping of Br. The role of bromide halogen doping on the perovskite crystal structure and photovoltaic properties was due to improvement of carrier mobility, optimization of electron structure, band gap related with the photovoltaic parameters of V{sub oc}, J{sub sc} and η. Energy diagram and photovoltaic mechanism of the perovskite solar cells varied with halogen doping was discussed by experimental results.« less

  10. Sn2+—Stabilization in MASnI3 perovskites by superhalide incorporation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xiang, Junxiang; Wang, Kan; Xiang, Bin; Cui, Xudong

    2018-03-01

    Sn-based hybrid halide perovskites are a potential solution to replace Pb and thereby reduce Pb toxicity in MAPbI3 perovskite-based solar cells. However, the instability of Sn2+ in air atmosphere causes a poor reproducibility of MASnI3, hindering steps towards this goal. In this paper, we propose a new type of organic metal-superhalide perovskite of MASnI2BH4 and MASnI2AlH4. Through first-principles calculations, our results reveal that the incorporation of BH4 and AlH4 superhalides can realize an impressive enhancement of oxidation resistance of Sn2+ in MASnI3 perovskites because of the large electron transfer between Sn2+ and [BH4]-/[AlH4]-. Meanwhile, the high carrier mobility is preserved in these superhalide perovskites and only a slight decrease is observed in the optical absorption strength. Our studies provide a new path to attain highly stable performance and reproducibility of Sn-based perovskite solar cells.

  11. Correlation of ABO blood groups with spontaneous recanalization in acute myocardial infarction.

    PubMed

    Lin, Xian-Liang; Zhou, Bing-Yang; Li, Sha; Li, Xiao-Lin; Luo, Zhu-Rong; Li, Jian-Jun

    2017-08-01

    Although previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between ABO blood groups and cardiovascular disease, the association of ABO blood type with spontaneous recanalization (SR) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not been previously investigated. We performed an initial exploratory study on the association of ABO blood groups with the presence of SR in 1209 patients with AMI. They were divided into two groups according to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grades: no-SR group (TIMI 0-1, n = 442) and SR group (TIMI 2-3, n = 767). To confirm our primary findings, data from a second AMI population (n = 200) was analyzed. In the initial data, SR group had a significantly higher percentage of blood type O and a lower percentage of blood type A compared to the no-SR group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that blood type O was positively associated with SR (odds ratio: 1.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.87, p = .02), and this finding was confirmed in our second population. The present study demonstrates that blood type O was independently and positively associated with an open culprit artery in patients with AMI, suggesting that the ABO blood type is not only associated with the susceptibility to coronary artery disease but also to spontaneous reperfusion in AMI patients.

  12. Tailoring perovskite compounds for broadband light absorption

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lu, Hengchang; Guo, Xiaowei; Yang, Cheng; Li, Shaorong

    2018-01-01

    Perovskite solar cells have experienced an outstanding advance in power conversion efficiency (PCE) by optimizing the perovskite layer morphology, composition, interfaces, and charge collection efficiency. To enhance PCE, the mixed perovskites were proposed in recent years. In this study, optoelectronic performance of pure perovskites and mixed ones were investigated. It was demonstrated that the mixed perovskites exhibit superior to the pure ones. The mixed material can absorb broadband light absorption and result in increased short circuit current density and power conversion efficiency.

  13. Synergic nature of dielectric relaxation process in the layered perovskite halide salts: The case of 1,3- diammoniumpropylenetetrabromocadmate compound

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Staśkiewicz, Beata

    2018-06-01

    The negative thermal expansion (NTE) property was a prototype to discuss the origin of difference between classical Debye relaxation process and the non-Debye behavior in the layered perovskite halide salt of chemical formula NH3(CH2)3NH3CdBr4. The analysis has been taken by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy measurements in almost six decades in frequency 5 × 102 ≤ f(ω) ≤ 1.2 × 108 and in the temperature range 315 ≤ T(K) ≤ 390. It was shown that the investigated sample exhibit an antiferrodistortive nature of phase transition between two orthorhombic structural modifications i.e. Pnma (phase I) and Ima2 (phase II) at Tc1(I → II) = 326 K, leading from an antiferroelectric to a paraelectric phase. The involvement of an odd number of carbon atoms in the alkylammonium chains in dielectric properties of examined sample is proved. Higher structural modifications, i.e. Ima2 (phase II) and P21/m (phase III), have shown significant deviations from a regular circle on the Cole-Cole diagram. Presented experimental observations are essentially important for the theoretical explanation of relaxation processes in analyzed organic - inorganic compound crystallizing in a perovskite-like topology and may provide new perspective on the fundamental aspect of relaxation response in "diammonium" series.

  14. Distribution of ABO Blood Groups and Coronary Artery Calcium.

    PubMed

    Wang, Yao; Zhou, Bing-Yang; Zhu, Cheng-Gang; Guo, Yuan-Lin; Wu, Na-Qiong; Qing, Ping; Gao, Ying; Liu, Geng; Dong, Qian; Li, Jian-Jun

    2017-06-01

    ABO blood groups have been confirmed to be associated with cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease. However, whether ABO blood group is correlated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) is still unknown. 301 patients with coronary artery calcium score (CACS) assessed by computed tomography were consecutively enrolled and divided into two groups: with calcium group (CACS>0, n=104) and without calcium group (CACS=0, n=197). Distribution of ABO blood groups was evaluated between the two groups. The percentage of A blood type was significantly higher (p=0.008) and O blood type was significantly lower (p=0.037) in the calcium group. Univariate regression analysis showed that age, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, A blood type were positively correlated with CAC, and O blood type was inversely associated with CAC. Multivariate regression analysis showed that A blood type was independently associated with CAC (odds ratio: 2.217, 95% confidence interval: 1.260-3.900, p=0.006) even after further adjustment for variables that were clearly different between the two groups. Our data has suggested for the first time that A blood type was an independent risk marker for CAC. Copyright © 2016 Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. Copper-Substituted Lead Perovskite Materials Constructed with Different Halides for Working (CH3NH3)2CuX4-Based Perovskite Solar Cells from Experimental and Theoretical View.

    PubMed

    Elseman, Ahmed Mourtada; Shalan, Ahmed Esmail; Sajid, Sajid; Rashad, Mohamed Mohamed; Hassan, Ali Mostafa; Li, Meicheng

    2018-04-11

    Toxicity and chemical instability issues of halide perovskites based on organic-inorganic lead-containing materials still remain as the main drawbacks for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we discuss the preparation of copper (Cu)-based hybrid materials, where we replace lead (Pb) with nontoxic Cu metal for lead-free PSCs, and investigate their potential toward solar cell applications based on experimental and theoretical studies. The formation of (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 CuX 4 [(CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 CuCl 4 , (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 CuCl 2 I 2 , and (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 CuCl 2 Br 2 ] was discussed in details. Furthermore, it was found that chlorine (Cl - ) in the structure is critical for the stabilization of the formed compounds. Cu-based perovskite-like materials showed attractive absorbance features extended to the near-infrared range, with appropriate band gaps. Green photoluminescence of these materials was obtained because of Cu + ions. The power conversion efficiency was measured experimentally and estimated theoretically for different architectures of solar cell devices.

  16. C60 as an Efficient n-Type Compact Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells.

    PubMed

    Wojciechowski, Konrad; Leijtens, Tomas; Siprova, Svetlana; Schlueter, Christoph; Hörantner, Maximilian T; Wang, Jacob Tse-Wei; Li, Chang-Zhi; Jen, Alex K-Y; Lee, Tien-Lin; Snaith, Henry J

    2015-06-18

    Organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have rapidly evolved over the last 3 years. There are still a number of issues and open questions related to the perovskite material, such as the phenomenon of anomalous hysteresis in current-voltage characteristics and long-term stability of the devices. In this work, we focus on the electron selective contact in the perovskite solar cells and physical processes occurring at that heterojunction. We developed efficient devices by replacing the commonly employed TiO2 compact layer with fullerene C60 in a regular n-i-p architecture. Detailed spectroscopic characterization allows us to present further insight into the nature of photocurrent hysteresis and charge extraction limitations arising at the n-type contact in a standard device. Furthermore, we show preliminary stability data of perovskite solar cells under working conditions, suggesting that an n-type organic charge collection layer can increase the long-term performance.

  17. Cryopreservation of Genotyped ABO Subgroup RBCs for Quality Assurance of ABO Grouping Reagents.

    PubMed

    Kim, Sinyoung; Song, Sungwook; Kim, Hyun Ok

    2018-03-01

    Quality assurance of newly developed or manufactured blood grouping reagents with reagent red blood cells (RBCs) is crucial in the process of product approval by governmental agency. However, RBCs with rare blood group are not easily available in the fresh state. We investigated the feasibility of cryopreserved and genotyped ABO subgroup RBC reagents for quality assurance purpose. We obtained RBCs from 10 volunteers with ABO subgroup phenotypes. The ABO genotypes and alleles were analyzed by the sequencing of ABO exon 6 and 7. Using the 40% wt/vol high-glycerol method, RBC units were cryopreserved as reagent RBCs into separate cryovials at -80°C. The potency titrations were performed before and after cryopreservation for 6 months and 2 years to evaluate the stability of ABO antigens. ABO genotypes of cryopreserved RBCs were cis-AB01/O01 (n=2), cis-AB01/B101 (n=1), Aw10/B101 (n=2), A201/A201 (n=1), A205/B101 (n=1), A102/B112 (n=1), and A101/B306 (n=1). These ABO subgroup alleles are exclusively present in East-Asian population except for the known ABO*A201 allele. The potency titers of cryopreserved RBCs were not significantly different between pre-freezing and post-freezing. The national performance evaluation of ABO blood grouping reagents could be performed with cryopreserved and genotyped reagent RBCs. © 2018 by the Association of Clinical Scientists, Inc.

  18. High-pressure synthesis, crystal chemistry and physics of perovskites with small cations at the A site.

    PubMed

    Belik, Alexei A; Yi, Wei

    2014-04-23

    ABO3 perovskites with small cations at the A site (A = Sc(3+), In(3+) and Mn(2+) and B = Al(3+) and transition metals) are reviewed. They extend the corresponding families of perovskites with A(3+) = Y, La-Lu, and Bi and A(2+) = Cd, Ca, Sr and Ba and exhibit the largest structural distortions. As a result of these large distortions, they show, in many cases, distinct structural and magnetic properties. These are manifested in: B-site-ordered monoclinic structures of ScMnO3 and 'InMnO3'; an unusual superstructure of ScRhO3 and InRhO3; antiferromagnetic ground states and multiferroic properties of Sc2NiMnO6 and In2NiMnO6; two magnetic transitions in ScCrO3 and InCrO3 with very close transition temperatures; a Pnma-to-P-1 structural transition and k = (½, 0, ½) magnetic ordering in ScVO3; and incommensurate magnetic ordering of Mn(2+) spins in metallic MnVO3. A large number of simple ScBO3, InBO3 and MnBO3 perovskites has not been synthesized yet, and the number of experimental and theoretical works on each known ScBO3, InBO3 and MnBO3 perovskites counts to only one or two (except for ScAlO3). The synthesis, crystal chemistry and physics of perovskites with small cations at the A site is an emerging field in perovskite science.

  19. Evidence for a different electronic configuration as a primary effect during compression of orthorhombic perovskites: The case of Nd M3 +O3 (M =Cr ,Ga )

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ardit, M.; Dondi, M.; Merli, M.; Cruciani, G.

    2018-02-01

    (Mg ,Fe ) Si O3 perovskite is the most abundant mineral of the Earth's lower mantle, and compounds with the perovskite structure are perhaps the most widely employed ceramics. Hence, they attract both geophysicists and material scientists. Several investigations attempted to predict their structural evolution at high pressure, and recent advancements highlighted that perovskites having ions with the same formal valence at both polyhedral sites (i.e., 3 +:3 + ) define different compressional patterns when transition metal ions (TMI) are involved. In this study, in situ high-pressure synchrotron XRD measurements coupled with ab initio simulations of the electronic population of NdCr O3 perovskite are compared with the compressional feature of NdGa O3 . Almost identical from a steric point of view (C r3 + and G a3 + have almost the same ionic radius), the different electronic configuration of octahedrally coordinated ions - which leads to a redistribution of electrons at the 3 d orbitals for C r3 + - allows the crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) to act as a vehicle of octahedral softening in NdCr O3 or it turns octahedra into rigid units when CFSE is null as in NdGa O3 . Besides to highlight that different electronic configurations can act as a primary effect during compression of perovskite compounds, our findings have a deep repercussion on the way the compressibility of perovskites have to be modeled.

  20. [(CH3)3NCH2CH2NH3]SnI4: a layered perovskite with quaternary/primary ammonium dications and short interlayer iodine-iodine contacts.

    PubMed

    Xu, Zhengtao; Mitzi, David B; Medeiros, David R

    2003-03-10

    The organic-inorganic hybrid [(CH(3))(3)NCH(2)CH(2)NH(3)]SnI(4) presents a layered perovskite structure, templated by an organic dication containing both a primary and a quaternary ammonium group. Due to the high charge density and small size of the organic cation, the separation of the perovskite layers is small and short iodine-iodine contacts of 4.19 A are formed between the layers. Optical thin-film measurements on this compound indicate a significant red shift of the exciton peak (630 nm) associated with the band gap, as compared with other SnI(4)(2)(-)-based layered perovskite structures.

  1. Mössbauer study of iron-based perovskite-type materials as potential catalysts for ethyl acetate oxidation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Paneva, D.; Dimitrov, M.; Velinov, N.; Kolev, H.; Kozhukharov, V.; Tsoncheva, T.; Mitov, I.

    2010-03-01

    La-Sr-Fe perovskite-type oxides were prepared by the nitrate-citrate method. The basic object of this study is layered Ruddlesden-Popper phase LaSr3Fe3O10. The phase composition and structural properties of the obtained materials are investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The preliminary catalytic tests show a high potential of these materials for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) elimination as they possess high conversion ability and selectivity to total oxidation of ethyl acetate. Catalytic performance of LaSr3Fe3O10 is depended on the stability of structure and Fe4+-oxidation state.

  2. Cation vacancies in ferroelectric PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 : A positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Keeble, D. J.; Singh, S.; Mackie, R. A.; Morozov, M.; McGuire, S.; Damjanovic, D.

    2007-10-01

    Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements identify A - and B -site cation vacancies in ferroelectric perovskite oxides (ABO3) . Crystal PbTiO3 and ceramic lead zirconium titanate (PZT) were studied and gave consistent values for the lifetime resulting from positron localization at lead vacancies VPb . Positron trapping to B -site vacancies was inferred in PZT. Temperature dependent studies showed that the defect specific trapping rate was higher for VB compared to VPb , consistent with the larger negative charge. Doping PZT with Fe increased the fraction positron trapping to VB compared to VPb -type defects.

  3. Fate of MgSiO3 Post-Perovskite at Terapascal Pressures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wentzcovitch, R. M.; Umemoto, K.; Wu, S.; Ho, K. M.; Ji, M.; Wang, C. Z.

    2016-12-01

    Understanding the fate of MgSiO3 post-perovskite (ppv) under TPa pressures should provide insights into the nature of the interiors of Super-Earths-type exoplanets. The prediction that ppv should dissociate into the elementary oxides MgO and SiO2 at TPa pressures [1] has been confirmed by all ab initio computational studies so far [2-4]. The most recent high pressure and high temperature (PT) studies agree that at 2.2 TPa the dissociation process should be completed [2,3]. These studies also agree that the final dissociation phase boundary has a negative Clapeyron slope [1-3], irrespective of the dissociation paths, suggesting a barrier to whole mantle convection possibly leading to chemical stratification in the deep mantle of these planets. The dissociation paths identified more recently [2-4] involve partial dissociation into MgO, SiO2, and Mg- and Si-rich intermediate compounds whose compositions are temperature dependent. Here we re-investigate the high PT phase diagram of the MgO-SiO2 system and identify novel phase fields and dissociation paths that push the final dissociation boundary to 3 TPa. 1) K. Umemoto, R. M. Wentzcovitch, & P. B. Allen, Dissociation of MgSiO3 in the cores of Gas Giants and Terrestrial Exoplanets, Science 311, 983 (2006). 2) K. Umemoto & R. M. Wentzcovitch, Two-stage dissociation of MgSiO3 post- perovskite, Earth & Planet. Sc. Lett. 311, 225 (2011). 3) H. Niu, A. R. Oganov, X.-C. Chen, & D. Li, Prediction of novel stable compounds in the Mg-Si-O system under exoplanet pressures, Sc. Rep. 5, 18347 (2015). 4) S. Q. Wu, M. Ji, C. Z. Wang, M. C. Nguye, X. Zhao, K. Umemoto, R. M. Wentzcovitch, & K. M. Ho, Adaptive genetic algorithm for crystal structure prediction, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26, 035402 (2014).

  4. Proximity to a ferroelectric instability in Ba1-xCaxZrO3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, H. S.; Christen, H. M.; Biegalski, M. D.; Singh, D. J.

    2010-09-01

    Ferroelectricity in ABO3 perovskites driven by A-site disorder is seen as a powerful approach toward lead-free piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics as well as to forming multiferroic compounds. Here we investigate the Ba1-xCaxZrO3 solid solution by structural and dielectric measurements on pulsed laser deposition grown films and by first principles calculations. Films on SrRuO3-coated SrTiO3 substrates are studied for x between 0 and 0.44. Despite the expectation that the Ca-ions assume off-center positions in the perovskite lattice, dielectric measurements show no evidence for ferroelectricity. This behavior is explained by first principles supercell calculations that show ferroelectricity at expanded volume but a rapid suppression thereof as the volume is reduced, thus indicating that our paraelectric Ba1-xCaxZrO3 films are close to a ferroelectric instability. These results demonstrate the important interplay between unit cell volume and ferroelectricity arising from off-centered ions.

  5. Effects of Fe-Enrichment on the Equation of State and Stability of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 Perovskite and Post-Perovskite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dorfman, S. M.; Holl, C. M.; Meng, Y.; Prakapenka, V.; Duffy, T. S.

    2010-12-01

    Fe-enrichment in the deep lower mantle has been proposed as an explanation for seismic anomalies such as large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) and ultralow velocity zones (ULVZs). In order to resolve the effect of Fe on the stability and equation of state of the lower mantle’s dominant constituent, (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite, we have studied Fe-rich natural orthopyroxenes, (Mg0.61Fe0.37Ca0.02)SiO3 and (Mg0.25Fe0.70Ca0.05)SiO3 (compositions determined by microprobe analysis), at lower mantle P-T conditions. Pyroxene starting materials were mixed with Au (pressure calibrant and laser absorber) and loaded with NaCl or Ne (pressure medium and thermal insulator) in a symmetric diamond anvil cell. X-ray diffraction experiments at pressures up to 122 GPa with in-situ laser heating were performed at the GSECARS (13-ID-D) and HPCAT (16-ID-B) sectors of the Advanced Photon Source. Heating samples to 2000 K produced single-phase orthorhombic GdFeO3-type perovskite at 63 GPa for the Mg# 61 composition and at 72 GPa for the Mg# 25 composition. At lower pressures (56 GPa for Mg# 61, 67 GPa for Mg# 25), heating both compositions resulted in a mixture of perovskite, SiO2 and (Mg,Fe)O. These measurements provide new constraints on the dependence of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite stability on pressure and composition. Upon further compression to 93 GPa and higher pressures with laser heating, Mg# 25 perovskite transformed to a two-phase mixture of perovskite and post-perovskite. This is consistent with previous findings that Fe substitution destabilizes (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite relative to (Mg,Fe)SiO3 post-perovskite (Mao et al. 2004, Caracas and Cohen 2005). The bulk modulus at 80 GPa (K80) is ~550 GPa for both Fe-rich perovskites, comparable to values measured for MgSiO3 perovskite (Lundin et al. 2008). However, the volume of Fe-rich perovskites increases linearly with Fe-content. The (Mg0.25Fe0.70Ca0.05)SiO3 perovskite is 3% greater at 80 GPa than V80 for the Mg end

  6. A Direct Bandgap Copper-Antimony Halide Perovskite.

    PubMed

    Vargas, Brenda; Ramos, Estrella; Pérez-Gutiérrez, Enrique; Alonso, Juan Carlos; Solis-Ibarra, Diego

    2017-07-12

    Since the establishment of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), there has been an intense search for alternative materials to replace lead and improve their stability toward moisture and light. As single-metal perovskite structures have yielded unsatisfactory performances, an alternative is the use of double perovskites that incorporate a combination of metals. To this day, only a handful of these compounds have been synthesized, but most of them have indirect bandgaps and/or do not have bandgaps energies well-suited for photovoltaic applications. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a unique mixed metal ⟨111⟩-oriented layered perovskite, Cs 4 CuSb 2 Cl 12 (1), that incorporates Cu 2+ and Sb 3+ into layers that are three octahedra thick (n = 3). In addition to being made of abundant and nontoxic elements, we show that this material behaves as a semiconductor with a direct bandgap of 1.0 eV and its conductivity is 1 order of magnitude greater than that of MAPbI 3 (MA = methylammonium). Furthermore, 1 has high photo- and thermal-stability and is tolerant to humidity. We conclude that 1 is a promising material for photovoltaic applications and represents a new type of layered perovskite structure that incorporates metals in 2+ and 3+ oxidation states, thus significantly widening the possible combinations of metals to replace lead in PSCs.

  7. Towards lead-free perovskite photovoltaics and optoelectronics by ab-initio simulations.

    PubMed

    Roknuzzaman, Md; Ostrikov, Kostya Ken; Wang, Hongxia; Du, Aijun; Tesfamichael, Tuquabo

    2017-10-25

    Lead (Pb) free non-toxic perovskite solar cells have become more important in the commercialization of the photovoltaic devices. In this study the structural, electronic, optical and mechanical properties of Pb-free inorganic metal halide cubic perovskites CsBX 3 (B = Sn, Ge; X = I, Br, Cl) for perovskite solar cells are simulated using first-principles Density Functional Theory (DFT). These compounds are semiconductors with direct band gap energy and mechanically stable. Results suggest that the materials have high absorption coefficient, low reflectivity and high optical conductivity with potential application in solar cells and other optoelectronic energy devices. On the basis of the optical properties, one can expect that the Germanium (Ge) would be a better replacement of Pb as Ge containing compounds have higher optical absorption and optical conductivity than that of Pb containing compounds. A combinational analysis of the electronic, optical and mechanical properties of the compounds suggests that CsGeI 3 based perovskite is the best Pb-free inorganic metal halide semiconductor for the solar cell application. However, the compound with solid solution of CsGe(I 0.7 Br 0.3 ) 3 is found to be mechanically more ductile than CsGeI 3 . This study will also guide to obtain Pb-free organic perovskites for optoelectronic devices.

  8. Displacement-type ferroelectric transition with magnetic Mn ions in perovskite Sr1-xBaxMnO3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sakai, Hideaki; Fujioka, Jun; Fukuda, Tatsuo; Okuyama, Daisuke; Hashizume, Daisuke; Kagawa, Fumitaka; Nakao, Hironori; Murakami, Youich; Arima, Takahisa; Baron, Alfred Q. R.; Taguchi, Yasujiro; Tokura, Yoshinori

    2012-02-01

    Almost all the proper ferroelectrics with a perovskite structure discovered so far have no d-electrons in the off-center transition metal site, as exemplified by BaTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. This empirical d^0 rule is incompatible with the emergence of magnetism and has significantly restricted the variety of multiferroic materials. In this work, we have discovered a displacement-type ferroelectric transition originating from off-center Mn^4+ ions in antiferromagnetic Mott insulators Sr1-xBaxMnO3. As Ba concentration increases, the perovskite lattice shows the typical soft mode dynamics, and the ferroelectricity shows up for x .45. In addition to the large polarization and high transition temperature comparable to BaTiO3, we demonstrate that the magnetic order suppresses the ferroelectric lattice dilation by ˜70% and increases the soft-phonon energy by ˜50%, indicating gigantic magnetoelectric effects [1]. This work was supported by the FIRST program on ``Quantum Science on Strong Correlation''. [4pt] [1] H. Sakai et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 137601 (2011).

  9. Antiferroelectric Nature of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx Perovskite and Its Implication for Charge Separation in Perovskite Solar Cells

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sewvandi, Galhenage A.; Kodera, Kei; Ma, Hao; Nakanishi, Shunsuke; Feng, Qi

    2016-07-01

    Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been attracted scientific interest due to high performance. Some researchers have suggested anomalous behavior of PSCs to the polarizations due to the ion migration or ferroelectric behavior. Experimental results and theoretical calculations have suggested the possibility of ferroelectricity in organic-inorganic perovskite. However, still no studies have been concretely discarded the ferroelectric nature of perovskite absorbers in PSCs. Hysteresis of P-E (polarization-electric field) loops is an important evidence to confirm the ferroelectricity. In this study, P-E loop measurements, in-depth structural study, analyses of dielectric behavior and the phase transitions of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite were carried out and investigated. The results suggest that CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite is in an antiferroelectric phase at room temperature. The antiferroelectric phase can be switched to ferroelectric phase by the poling treatment and exhibits ferroelectric-like hysteresis P-E loops and dielectric behavior around room temperature; namely, the perovskite can generate a ferroelectric polarization under PSCs operating conditions. Furthermore, we also discuss the implications of ferroelectric polarization on PSCs charge separation.

  10. Antiferroelectric Nature of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx Perovskite and Its Implication for Charge Separation in Perovskite Solar Cells.

    PubMed

    Sewvandi, Galhenage A; Kodera, Kei; Ma, Hao; Nakanishi, Shunsuke; Feng, Qi

    2016-07-29

    Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been attracted scientific interest due to high performance. Some researchers have suggested anomalous behavior of PSCs to the polarizations due to the ion migration or ferroelectric behavior. Experimental results and theoretical calculations have suggested the possibility of ferroelectricity in organic-inorganic perovskite. However, still no studies have been concretely discarded the ferroelectric nature of perovskite absorbers in PSCs. Hysteresis of P-E (polarization-electric field) loops is an important evidence to confirm the ferroelectricity. In this study, P-E loop measurements, in-depth structural study, analyses of dielectric behavior and the phase transitions of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite were carried out and investigated. The results suggest that CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite is in an antiferroelectric phase at room temperature. The antiferroelectric phase can be switched to ferroelectric phase by the poling treatment and exhibits ferroelectric-like hysteresis P-E loops and dielectric behavior around room temperature; namely, the perovskite can generate a ferroelectric polarization under PSCs operating conditions. Furthermore, we also discuss the implications of ferroelectric polarization on PSCs charge separation.

  11. Perovskite-Perovskite Homojunctions via Compositional Doping.

    PubMed

    Dänekamp, Benedikt; Müller, Christian; Sendner, Michael; Boix, Pablo P; Sessolo, Michele; Lovrincic, Robert; Bolink, Henk J

    2018-05-11

    One of the most important properties of semiconductors is the possibility of controlling their electronic behavior via intentional doping. Despite the unprecedented progress in the understanding of hybrid metal halide perovskites, extrinsic doping of perovskite remains nearly unexplored and perovskite-perovskite homojunctions have not been reported. Here we present a perovskite-perovskite homojunction obtained by vacuum deposition of stoichiometrically tuned methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) films. Doping is realized by adjusting the relative deposition rates of MAI and PbI 2 , obtaining p-type (MAI excess) and n-type (MAI defect) MAPI. The successful stoichiometry change in the thin films is confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, which allows us to determine the MA content in the films. We analyzed the resulting thin-film junction by cross-sectional scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) and found a contact potential difference (CPD) of 250 mV between the two differently doped perovskite layers. Planar diodes built with the perovskite-perovskite homojunction show the feasibility of our approach for implementation in devices.

  12. ABO blood groups and psychiatric disorders: a Croatian study.

    PubMed

    Pisk, Sandra Vuk; Vuk, Tomislav; Ivezić, Ena; Jukić, Irena; Bingulac-Popović, Jasna; Filipčić, Igor

    2018-02-15

    The prevalence of ABO alleles is different in different populations, and many studies have shown a correlation between the occurrences of some diseases and different genotypes of ABO blood groups. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a significant association between psychiatric syndromes and ABO blood groups. This case-control study involved 156 psychiatric patients and 303 healthy, unrelated, voluntary blood donors. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood on a QIAcube device using a QIAamp DNA Blood mini QIAcube kit. ABO genotyping on five basic ABO alleles was performed using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis. Compared with healthy subjects, a significantly higher proportion of psychiatric patients had AB blood group (χ 2 =9.359, df=3, p=0.025) and, accordingly, a significantly higher incidence of A1B genotype (χ 2 =8.226, df=3, p=0.042). The odds ratio showed that psychiatric disorders occur almost three times more frequently in carriers of AB group compared to other blood groups. However, no statistically significant difference was found in the distribution of ABO blood groups among patients with different psychiatric diagnoses. Likewise, no correlations were found between ABO blood groups and other characteristics of the psychiatric patients (sex, psychiatric heredity, somatic comorbidity, suicidality). The results of this study support the hypothesis of an association between psychiatric disorders and ABO blood groups. The probability is that psychiatric disorders will occur almost three times more frequently in carriers of AB group compared to other ABO blood groups in the Croatian population.

  13. Synthesis, Resistivity, and Thermal Properties of the Cubic Perovskite NH 2CH=NH 2SnI 3and Related Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mitzi, D. B.; Liang, K.

    1997-12-01

    Combining concentrated hydriodic acid solutions of tin(II) iodide and formamidine acetate in an inert atmosphere results in the precipitation of a new conducting organic-inorganic compound, NH 2CH=NH 2SnI 3, which at room temperature adopts a cubic perovskite structure. The lattice constant for NH 2CH=NH 2SnI 3is found to be a=6.316(1) Å, which is approximately 1.2% larger than that for the isostructural compound CH 3NH 3SnI 3. The electrical resistivity of a pressed pellet of the new compound exhibits semimetallic temperature dependence from 10 to 300 K, with evidence of a structural transition at approximately 75 K. NH 2CH=NH 2SnI 3begins to slowly decompose in an inert atmosphere at temperatures as low as 200°C, with bulk decomposition/melting occurring above 300°C. The properties of the formamidinium-based perovskite are compared with those of the related cubic (at room temperature) perovskite CH 3NH 3SnI 3and the mixed-cation system (CH 3NH 3) 1- x(NH 2CH=NH 2) xSnI 3.

  14. [CH(3)(CH(2))(11)NH(3)]SnI(3): a hybrid semiconductor with MoO(3)-type tin(II) iodide layers.

    PubMed

    Xu, Zhengtao; Mitzi, David B

    2003-10-20

    The organic-inorganic hybrid [CH(3)(CH(2))(11)NH(3)]SnI(3) presents a lamellar structure with a Sn-I framework isotypic to that of MoO(3). The SnI(3)(-) layer consists of edge and corner-sharing SnI(6) octahedra in which one of the six Sn-I bonds is distinctly elongated (e.g., 3.62 A), indicating lone-pair stereoactivity for the Sn(II) atom. The overall electronic character remains comparable with that of the well-studied SnI(4)(2)(-)-based perovskite semiconductors, such as [CH(3)(CH(2))(11)NH(3)](2)SnI(4), with a red-shifted and broadened exciton peak associated with the band gap, apparently due to the increased dimensionality of the Sn-I framework. The title compound offers, aside from the hybrid perovskites, a new type of solution-processable Sn-I network for potential applications in semiconductive devices.

  15. Perovskite oxides: Oxygen electrocatalysis and bulk structure

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Carbonio, R. E.; Fierro, C.; Tryk, D.; Scherson, D.; Yeager, Ernest

    1987-01-01

    Perovskite type oxides were considered for use as oxygen reduction and generation electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolytes. Perovskite stability and electrocatalytic activity are studied along with possible relationships of the latter with the bulk solid state properties. A series of compounds of the type LaFe(x)Ni1(-x)O3 was used as a model system to gain information on the possible relationships between surface catalytic activity and bulk structure. Hydrogen peroxide decomposition rate constants were measured for these compounds. Ex situ Mossbauer effect spectroscopy (MES), and magnetic susceptibility measurements were used to study the solid state properties. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to examine the surface. MES has indicated the presence of a paramagnetic to magnetically ordered phase transition for values of x between 0.4 and 0.5. A correlation was found between the values of the MES isomer shift and the catalytic activity for peroxide decomposition. Thus, the catalytic activity can be correlated to the d-electron density for the transition metal cations.

  16. Phase Stability and Electronic Structure of Prospective Sb-Based Mixed Sulfide and Iodide 3D Perovskite (CH3NH3)SbSI2.

    PubMed

    Li, Tianyang; Wang, Xiaoming; Yan, Yanfa; Mitzi, David B

    2018-06-29

    Lead-free antimony-based mixed sulfide and iodide perovskite phases have recently been reported to be synthesized experimentally and to exhibit reasonable photovoltaic performance. Through a combination of experimental validation and computational analysis, we show no evidence of the formation of the mixed sulfide and iodide perovskite phase, MASbSI 2 (MA = CH 3 NH 3 + ), and instead that the main products are a mixture of the binary and ternary compounds (Sb 2 S 3 and MA 3 Sb 2 I 9 ). Density functional theory calculations also indicate that such a mixed sulfide and iodide perovskite phase should be thermodynamically less stable compared with binary/ternary anion-segregated secondary phases and less likely to be synthesized under equilibrium conditions. Additionally, band structure calculations show that this mixed sulfide and iodide phase, if possible to synthesize (e.g., under nonequilibrium conditions), should have a suitable direct band gap for photovoltaic application.

  17. Frequency of ABO/Rhesus Blood Groups in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

    PubMed

    Oner, Can; Dogan, Burcu; Telatar, Berrin; Celik Yagan, Canan Fidan; Oguz, Aytekin

    2016-01-01

    The correlation between ABO/Rh blood groups and diabetes mellitus is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ABO/Rhesus blood groups and diabetes in Turkish population. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Istanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Education and Training Hospital's Diabetes Units. The study group was composed of 421 patients with type-1 diabetes, 484 patients with type-2 diabetes and 432 controls. Blood samples were collected and tested for ABO/Rhesus blood groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 17.0. A significant association was found between blood groups and diabetes mellitus. The frequency of AB blood group was significantly higher in type-1 diabetics; and A blood group was significantly higher in type-2 diabetics. Furthermore, Rh negativity were significantly more frequent in type-2 diabetics.

  18. Antiferroelectric Nature of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx Perovskite and Its Implication for Charge Separation in Perovskite Solar Cells

    PubMed Central

    Sewvandi, Galhenage A.; Kodera, Kei; Ma, Hao; Nakanishi, Shunsuke; Feng, Qi

    2016-01-01

    Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been attracted scientific interest due to high performance. Some researchers have suggested anomalous behavior of PSCs to the polarizations due to the ion migration or ferroelectric behavior. Experimental results and theoretical calculations have suggested the possibility of ferroelectricity in organic-inorganic perovskite. However, still no studies have been concretely discarded the ferroelectric nature of perovskite absorbers in PSCs. Hysteresis of P-E (polarization-electric field) loops is an important evidence to confirm the ferroelectricity. In this study, P-E loop measurements, in-depth structural study, analyses of dielectric behavior and the phase transitions of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite were carried out and investigated. The results suggest that CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite is in an antiferroelectric phase at room temperature. The antiferroelectric phase can be switched to ferroelectric phase by the poling treatment and exhibits ferroelectric-like hysteresis P-E loops and dielectric behavior around room temperature; namely, the perovskite can generate a ferroelectric polarization under PSCs operating conditions. Furthermore, we also discuss the implications of ferroelectric polarization on PSCs charge separation. PMID:27468802

  19. Mapping the fine specificity of ABO monoclonal reagents with A and B type-specific function-spacer-lipid constructs in kodecytes and inkjet printed on paper.

    PubMed

    Barr, Katie; Korchagina, Elena; Ryzhov, Ivan; Bovin, Nicolai; Henry, Stephen

    2014-10-01

    Monoclonal (MoAb) reagents are routinely used and are usually very reliable for the serologic determination of ABO blood types. However, the fine specificity and cross-reactivity of these reagents are often unknown, particularly against synthetic antigens used in some diagnostic assays. If nonserologic assays or very sensitive techniques other than those specifically prescribed by the manufacturer are used, then there is a risk of incorrect interpretation of results. Forty-seven MoAbs and two polyclonal ABO reagents were tested against red blood cell (RBC) kodecytes prepared with A trisaccharide, A Type 1, A Type 2, A Type 3, A Type 4, B trisaccharide, B Type 1, B Type 2, acquired B trisaccharide, and Le(a) trisaccharide function-spacer-lipid (FSL) constructs. Natural RBCs were tested in parallel. In addition these FSL constructs were printed onto paper with a desktop inkjet printer and used in a novel immunoassay that identifies reactivity through the appearance of alphanumeric characters. Mapping of MoAbs with kodecytes and printed FSL constructs revealed a series of broad recognition patterns. All ABO MoAbs tested were reactive with the RBC dominant Type 2 ABO antigens. Unexpectedly some anti-A reagents were reactive against the B Type 1 antigen, while others were poorly reactive with trisaccharide antigens. All ABO MoAbs detect the RBC dominant Type 2 ABO antigens; however, some reagents may show minor reactivity with inappropriate blood group antigens, which needs to be considered when using these reagents in alternative or highly sensitive analytic systems. © 2014 AABB.

  20. Highly Controlled Codeposition Rate of Organolead Halide Perovskite by Laser Evaporation Method.

    PubMed

    Miyadera, Tetsuhiko; Sugita, Takeshi; Tampo, Hitoshi; Matsubara, Koji; Chikamatsu, Masayuki

    2016-10-05

    Organolead-halide perovskites can be promising materials for next-generation solar cells because of its high power conversion efficiency. The method of precise fabrication is required because both solution-process and vacuum-process fabrication of the perovskite have problems of controllability and reproducibility. Vacuum deposition process was expected to achieve precise control; however, vaporization of amine compound significantly degrades the controllability of deposition rate. Here we achieved the reduction of the vaporization by implementing the laser evaporation system for the codeposition of perovskite. Locally irradiated continuous-wave lasers on the source materials realized the reduced vaporization of CH 3 NH 3 I. The deposition rate was stabilized for several hours by adjusting the duty ratio of modulated laser based on proportional-integral control. Organic-photovoltaic-type perovskite solar cells were fabricated by codeposition of PbI 2 and CH 3 NH 3 I. A power-conversion efficiency of 16.0% with reduced hysteresis was achieved.

  1. Understanding the Origins of Large Negative Thermal Expansion in Ferroelectric Perovskites from First Principles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ritz, Ethan; Benedek, Nicole

    Many of the functional properties of ABO3 perovskite oxides (for example, ferroelectricity) are strongly linked to particular phonon modes in the material. In addition, in many cases it is possible to formulate simple guidelines or `rules of thumb' that link crystal structure and chemistry to specific lattice dynamical characteristics. The thermal transport properties of perovskites are thus potentially highly tunable and dynamically controllable with external fields. We use first-principles density functional theory to reveal new details related to the origin of the large negative thermal expansion (NTE) observed for ferroelectric PbTiO3. Although the origin of NTE in this material is often ascribed to ferroelectricity (which arises from the freezing in of a soft, zone-center optical phonon), our results suggest that zone-boundary modes play a major role in driving NTE. In addition, hybridization between different electronic states has a significant effect on the lattice dynamics of PbTiO3 in general, and its NTE behavior in particular. Our work has implications for the understanding of, discovery and design of NTE in perovskites and other families of inorganic materials. This work was supported in part by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship.

  2. Influence of chromium hyperdoping on the electronic structure of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite: a first-principles insight.

    PubMed

    García, Gregorio; Palacios, Pablo; Menéndez-Proupin, Eduardo; Montero-Alejo, Ana L; Conesa, José C; Wahnón, Perla

    2018-02-06

    Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites compounds are emerging as new materials with great potential for efficient solar cells. This paper explores the possibility of increasing their photovoltaic efficiency through sub-bandgap absorption by way of the in gap band (IGB) concept. Thus, we assess the formation of an in gap band as well as its effect on the absorption features of Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPI). For this task, we use density functional theory (DFT) as well as many-body perturbation methods along to spin-orbit coupling (SOC) to study structural, energetic and electronic properties of partially Cr-substituted MAPI perovskites (CH 3 NH 3 Pb 1-x Cr x I 3 ). Our results reveal that Cr replacement does not lead to an important cell distortion, while the energetic of the substitution process evidences the possibility of obtaining Cr-substituted perovskite. The analysis of the electronic structure shows that Cr 3d-orbitals induce new electronic states in the host semiconductor bandgap, which fulfill the requirements to be considered as an IGB. Precise many-body perturbation methods in G 0 W 0 approach provided an accurate description on the electronic structures as well as the position of the IGB. In short, Pb replacement by Cr could be useful for improved absorption features through new sub-bandgap transitions across the in gap band.

  3. ABO blood groups, Rhesus factor, and Behçet's disease.

    PubMed

    Ozyurt, Kemal; Oztürk, Perihan; Gül, Mustafa; Benderli, Yasemin Cihan; Cölgeçen, Emine; Inci, Rahime

    2013-09-01

    Recently, numerous studies have been carried out to explain the genetics and immunopathogenesis of Behçet's disease (BD). There is still insufficient understanding of its etiopathogenesis, but substantial genetic and immune system abnormalities have been suggested. Several studies have shown remarkable associations of ABO blood groups with various diseases. This study investigated the relationship between ABO and Rhesus (D) blood groups and Behçet's disease in Turkish patients. Clinical data on gender, ABO, and Rhesus blood type of patients with BD were collected at the Kayseri Education and Research Hospital from 2005 to 2012. A total of 115 patients with BD were assessed for their association with ABO or Rhesus (D) blood groups and compared with the distribution of the blood groups of 25,701 healthy donors admitted to the Kayseri Education and Research Hospital Blood Center in 2010 and 2011. The distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood groups in patients with BD was similar to the healthy donors. No relationship was found between ABO or Rhesus blood groups and BD at our hospital. Further studies with a larger series and in different centers may be valuable for identifying the association between ABO or Rhesus (D) blood groups and BD.

  4. Analysis of the Results of ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation: In Comparison with ABO-Compatible Kidney Transplantation

    PubMed Central

    Jeon, Byung Joo; Seong, Youl Keun; Han, Bo Hyun

    2010-01-01

    Purpose The number of patients waiting for kidney transplantation is incessantly increasing, but the number of cadaveric kidney transplantations or ABO-compatible donors is so insufficient that ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation is being performed as an alternative. There are overseas studies and research showing that the 5-year survival rate and 5-year graft survival rate of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation are not much different from those of ABO-compatible kidney transplantation. However, domestic research on the subject is rare. Therefore, we report the results of 22 ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation cases performed in our hospital. Materials and Methods This research was from 22 patients in our hospital who underwent ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation from 15 February 2007 to 20 May 2010. Results As yet, there have been no donor graft losses and no deaths after transplantation. The results of the two groups were analyzed by analysis of covariance of the creatinine value of the recipients at 6 months after the operation, corrected for the preoperative value in order to statistically identify whether there were differences in renal function after the operation between ABO-compatible and ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. The results of the analysis of covariance showed no statistical difference in renal function after the operation between the two groups. Conclusions Even though there were not many cases, our initial results for ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation were positive. Considering the increasing number of patients waiting for kidney transplantation, longer-term domestic research studies of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation are necessary. PMID:21221208

  5. New rare earth hafnium oxynitride perovskites with photocatalytic activity in water oxidation and reduction.

    PubMed

    Black, Ashley P; Suzuki, Hajime; Higashi, Masanobu; Frontera, Carlos; Ritter, Clemens; De, Chandan; Sundaresan, A; Abe, Ryu; Fuertes, Amparo

    2018-02-06

    RHfO 2 N perovskites with R = La, Nd and Sm show a GdFeO 3 -type structure and are semiconductors with band gaps of 3.35, 3.40 and 2.85 eV and relative dielectric constants of 30, 16 and 28 respectively. These compounds have adequate reduction and oxidation potentials to conduct the overall water splitting reaction, and the analogous perovskite LaZrO 2 N with a band gap of 2.8 eV shows photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation for O 2 evolution.

  6. Highly Luminescent Phase-Stable CsPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Achieving Near 100% Absolute Photoluminescence Quantum Yield.

    PubMed

    Liu, Feng; Zhang, Yaohong; Ding, Chao; Kobayashi, Syuusuke; Izuishi, Takuya; Nakazawa, Naoki; Toyoda, Taro; Ohta, Tsuyoshi; Hayase, Shuzi; Minemoto, Takashi; Yoshino, Kenji; Dai, Songyuan; Shen, Qing

    2017-10-24

    Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) as a new type of colloidal nanocrystals have gained significant attention for both fundamental research and commercial applications owing to their appealing optoelectronic properties and excellent chemical processability. For their wide range of potential applications, synthesizing colloidal QDs with high crystal quality is of crucial importance. However, like most common QD systems such as CdSe and PbS, those reported perovskite QDs still suffer from a certain density of trapping defects, giving rise to detrimental nonradiative recombination centers and thus quenching luminescence. In this paper, we show that a high room-temperature photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 100% can be obtained in CsPbI 3 perovskite QDs, signifying the achievement of almost complete elimination of the trapping defects. This is realized with our improved synthetic protocol that involves introducing organolead compound trioctylphosphine-PbI 2 (TOP-PbI 2 ) as the reactive precursor, which also leads to a significantly improved stability for the resulting CsPbI 3 QD solutions. Ultrafast kinetic analysis with time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy evidence the negligible electron or hole-trapping pathways in our QDs, which explains such a high quantum efficiency. We expect the successful synthesis of the "ideal" perovskite QDs will exert profound influence on their applications to both QD-based light-harvesting and -emitting devices.

  7. ABO blood groups and risk for obesity in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia.

    PubMed

    Aboel-Fetoh, Nagah M; Alanazi, Arwa R; Alanazi, Abdullah S; Alruwili, Asma N

    2016-12-01

    ABO blood groups are associated with some important chronic diseases. Previous studies have observed an association between ABO blood group and risk for obesity. This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between ABO blood groups and obesity in apparently healthy attendees of primary healthcare (PHC) centers in Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study included 401 participants aged 15 years and older attending three randomly selected PHC centers in Arar city. Data were collected by means of personal interview using a predesigned questionnaire. Anthropometric examination included height and weight measurements with calculation of BMI. ABO and Rh blood groups were determined. The majority of the participants were female (70.8%). The mean±SD age was 28.6±9.1 years. Only 5.7% were underweight. Both normal and overweight participants were equal in number and constituted 28.4%, whereas obese individuals constituted 37.4% with a mean BMI of 28.56±8.0. Blood group O was the most common (44.1%), followed by A (30.9%), B (18.7%), and AB (6.2%). Rh-positive cases constituted 87.0%. Blood group O was the most common type among the obese individuals (44.7%), followed by A, B, and AB groups (30, 20, and 5.3%, respectively). BMI was highest (28.8±9.2) in blood group O. There were no statistically significant differences between different ABO blood groups as regards BMI, Rh, and sex. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between Rh type and BMI. The prevalence of obesity and overweight is high in the population attending PHC centers of Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia. There is no association between overweight, obesity, and ABO blood groups or Rh.

  8. Magnetic resonances in perovskite-type layer structures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Strobel, K.; Geick, R.

    1981-08-01

    We have studied the q=0 magnetic excitations of the perovskite-type layer structures A 2MnCl 4 with A=Rb, C nH 2n+1NH 3 (n=1,2,3), and NH 3(CH 2) mNH 3MnCl 4 (m=2,4,5) in the antiferromagnetic and in the spin flop regime by means of magnetic resonance in the mm-wave range (30-130GHz) and microwave range (9.2GHz). The length of the organic molecules determines the separation of the MnCl 6 octahedra. With increasing separation the Néel temperature and the antiferromagnetic resonance frequency decrease, which mainly originates from a decrease of the anisotropy field.

  9. Local spin density functional investigations of a manganite with perovskite-type derived structures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Matar, S. F.; Studer, F.; Siberchicot, B.; Subramanian, M. A.; Demazeau, G.; Etourneau, J.

    1998-11-01

    The electronic and magnetic structures of the perovskite CaMnO3 are self-consistently calculated assuming two crystal structures at the same formula unit volume within the local spin density functional theory and the augmented spherical wave (ASW) method. From the comparisons of energy differences between the different magnetic states the ground state configuration is an insulator with G-type ordering. This result together with the magnitudes of the magnetic moments are in agreement with experiment. The influence of mixing between Mn and O is found spin dependent from the analysis of the crystal orbital overlap population (COOP) which enable to describe the chemical bond. The calculations underline a feature of a half metallic ferromagnet which could be connected with the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) property of related compounds.

  10. All-Solid-State Mechanochemical Synthesis and Post-Synthetic Transformation of Inorganic Perovskite-type Halides.

    PubMed

    Pal, Provas; Saha, Sujoy; Banik, Ananya; Sarkar, Arka; Biswas, Kanishka

    2018-02-06

    All-inorganic and hybrid perovskite type halides are generally synthesized by solution-based methods, with the help of long chain organic capping ligands, complex organometallic precursors, and high boiling organic solvents. Herein, a room temperature, solvent-free, general, and scalable all-solid-state mechanochemical synthesis is demonstrated for different inorganic perovskite type halides, with versatile structural connectivity in three (3D), two (2D), and zero (0D) dimensions. 3D CsPbBr 3 , 2D CsPb 2 Br 5 , 0D Cs 4 PbBr 6 , 3D CsPbCl 3 , 2D CsPb 2 Cl 5 , 0D Cs 4 PbCl 6 , 3D CsPbI 3 , and 3D RbPbI 3 have all been synthesized by this method. The all-solid-state synthesis is materialized through an inorganic retrosynthetic approach, which directs the decision on the solid-state precursors (e.g., CsX and PbX 2 (X=Cl/Br/I) with desired stoichiometric ratios. Moreover, post-synthetic structural transformations from 3D to 2D and 0D perovskite halides were performed by the same mechanochemical synthetic approach at room temperature. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  11. Transport Properties of La- doped SrTiO3 Ceramics Prepared Using Spark Plasma Sintering

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mehdizadeh Dehkordi, Arash; Bhattacharya, Sriparna; Tritt, Terry M.; Alshareef, Husam N.

    2012-02-01

    In this work, thermoelectric transport properties of La-doped SrTiO3 ceramics prepared using conventional solid state reaction and spark plasma sintering have been investigated. Room temperature power factor of single crystal strontium titanate (SrTiO3), comparable to that of Bi2Te3, has brought new attention to this perovskite-type transition metal-oxide as a potential n-type thermoelectric for high temperature applications. Electronic properties of this model complex oxide, SrTiO3 (ABO3), can be tuned in a wide range through different doping mechanisms. In addition to A site (La-doped) or B site (Nb-doped) substitutional doping, introducing oxygen vacancies plays an important role in electrical and thermal properties of these structures. Having multiple doping mechanisms makes the transport properties of these perovskites more dependent on preparation parameters. The effect of these synthesis parameters and consolidation conditions on the transport properties of these materials has been studied.

  12. ABO Mistyping of cis-AB Blood Group by the Automated Microplate Technique.

    PubMed

    Chun, Sejong; Ryu, Mi Ra; Cha, Seung-Yeon; Seo, Ji-Young; Cho, Duck

    2018-01-01

    The cis -AB phenotype, although rare, is the relatively most frequent of ABO subgroups in Koreans. To prevent ABO mistyping of cis -AB samples, our hospital has applied a combination of the manual tile method with automated devices. Herein, we report cases of ABO mistyping detected by the combination testing system. Cases that showed discrepant results by automated devices and the manual tile method were evaluated. These samples were also tested by the standard tube method. The automated devices used in this study were a QWALYS-3 and Galileo NEO. Exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were sequenced. 13 cases that had the cis -AB allele showed results suggestive of the cis -AB subgroup by manual methods, but were interpreted as AB by either automated device. This happened in 87.5% of these cases by QWALYS-3 and 70.0% by Galileo NEO. Genotyping results showed that 12 cases were ABO*cis-AB01/ABO*O01 or ABO*cis-AB01/ABO*O02 , and one case was ABO*cis-AB01/ ABO*A102. Cis -AB samples were mistyped as AB by the automated microplate technique in some cases. We suggest that the manual tile method can be a simple supplemental test for the detection of the cis -AB phenotype, especially in countries with relatively high cis- AB prevalence.

  13. Electrical properties of AC{sub 3}B{sub 4}O{sub 12}-type perovskite ceramics with different cation vacancies

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Li, Guizhong; Chen, Zhi; Sun, Xiaojun

    2015-05-15

    Highlights: • AC{sub 3}B{sub 4}O{sub 12} perovskite with different concentration cation vacancies were prepared. • Cell parameter decreases with the increase of concentration of cation vacancies. • PTCO and CTO remain high dielectric permittivity but depress loss greatly. • Dielectric loss associates with cation vacancies and motion of oxygen vacancies. - Abstract: AC{sub 3}B{sub 4}O{sub 12}-type perovskite CaCu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} (CCTO), □{sub 0.34}Pr{sub 0.67}Cu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} (PCTO), □{sub 1}Cu{sub 3}Ta{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 12} (CTTO), □{sub 2}Cu{sub 2}Ta{sub 4}O{sub 12} (CTO) ceramics with different concentration cation vacancies were prepared through traditional solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis indicatedmore » that CCTO and PCTO are perovskite cubic with space group Im-3 (no. 204) while CTTO and CTO are Pm-3 (no. 200). Cell parameter of the samples dramatically increases with the increase of cation vacancies. Dielectric permittivity of them maintains very high value of ∼10{sup 4} from room temperature to 550 K but the dielectric loss is depressed with the increase of cation vacancies in the same space group. The dielectric properties and conductivity behavior were described by the Debye relaxation and the universal dielectric response, respectively. The effect mechanism of cation vacancy and crystal structure on carrier transposition were discussed.« less

  14. Parity-Forbidden Transitions and Their Impact on the Optical Absorption Properties of Lead-Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Double Perovskites.

    PubMed

    Meng, Weiwei; Wang, Xiaoming; Xiao, Zewen; Wang, Jianbo; Mitzi, David B; Yan, Yanfa

    2017-07-06

    Using density functional theory calculations, we analyze the optical absorption properties of lead (Pb)-free metal halide perovskites (AB 2+ X 3 ) and double perovskites (A 2 B + B 3+ X 6 ) (A = Cs or monovalent organic ion, B 2+ = non-Pb divalent metal, B + = monovalent metal, B 3+ = trivalent metal, X = halogen). We show that if B 2+ is not Sn or Ge, Pb-free metal halide perovskites exhibit poor optical absorptions because of their indirect band gap nature. Among the nine possible types of Pb-free metal halide double perovskites, six have direct band gaps. Of these six types, four show inversion symmetry-induced parity-forbidden or weak transitions between band edges, making them not ideal for thin-film solar cell applications. Only one type of Pb-free double perovskite shows optical absorption and electronic properties suitable for solar cell applications, namely, those with B + = In, Tl and B 3+ = Sb, Bi. Our results provide important insights for designing new metal halide perovskites and double perovskites for optoelectronic applications.

  15. High-pressure crystal growth and electromagnetic properties of 5d double-perovskite Ca3OsO6

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Feng, Hai Luke; Shi, Youguo; Guo, Yanfeng; Li, Jun; Sato, Akira; Sun, Ying; Wang, Xia; Yu, Shan; Sathish, Clastin I.; Yamaura, Kazunari

    2013-05-01

    Single crystals of the osmium-containing compound Ca3OsO6 have been successfully grown under high-pressure conditions, for the first time. The crystal structure of Ca3OsO6 were characterized as an ordered double-perovskite structure of space group P21/n with the Ca and Os atoms being fully ordered at the perovskite B-site. The electromagnetic analysis shows that the crystal exhibits a semiconductor-like behavior below 300 K and undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at 50 K.

  16. ABO-incompatible heart transplants.

    PubMed

    Hageman, M; Michaud, N; Chinnappan, I; Klein, T; Mettler, B

    2015-04-01

    A month-old baby girl with blood type O positive received a donor heart organ from a donor with blood type B. This was the first institutional ABO-incompatible heart transplant. Infants listed for transplantation may be considered for an ABO-incompatible heart transplant based on their antibody levels and age. The United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) protocol is infants under 24 months with titers less than or equal to 1:4.(1) This recipient's anti-A and anti-B antibodies were monitored with titer assays to determine their levels; antibody levels less than 1:4 are acceptable pre-transplant in order to proceed with donor and transplant arrangements.1 Immediately prior to initiating cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), a complete whole body exchange transfusion of at least two-times the patient's circulating blood volume was performed with packed red blood cells (pRBC), fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and 25% albumin. Titer assays were sent two minutes after initiation of full CPB and then hourly until the cross-clamp was removed. Institutionally, reperfusion of the donor heart is not restored until the antibody level from the titer assay is known and reported as less than 1:4; failing to achieve an immulogically tolerant recipient will provide conditions for hyperacute rejection. The blood collected during the transfusion exchange was immediately processed through a cell saver so the pRBC's could be re-infused to the patient during CPB, as necessary. The remainder of the transplant was performed in the same fashion as an ABO-compatible heart transplant. The patient has shown no signs of rejection following transplantation. © The Author(s) 2014.

  17. First-principles calculations of structural, elastic, electronic, and optical properties of perovskite-type KMgH3 crystals: novel hydrogen storage material.

    PubMed

    Reshak, Ali H; Shalaginov, Mikhail Y; Saeed, Yasir; Kityk, I V; Auluck, S

    2011-03-31

    We report a first-principles study of structural and phase stability in three different structures of perovskite-types KMgH(3) according to H position. While electronic and optical properties were measured only for stable perovskite-type KMgH(3), our calculated structural parameters are found in good agreement with experiment and other theoretical results. We also study the electronic charge density space distribution contours in the (200), (101), and (100) crystallographic planes, which gives better insight picture of chemical bonding between K-H, K-Mg-H, and Mg-H. Moreover, we have calculated the electronic band structure dispersion, total, and partial density of electron states to study the band gap origin and the contribution of s-band of H, s and p-band of Mg in the valence band, and d-band of K in the conduction band. Furthermore, optical features such as dielectric functions, refractive indices, extinction coefficient, optical reflectivity, absorption coefficients, optical conductivities, and loss functions of stable KMgH(3) were calculated for photon energies up to 40 eV.

  18. The Role of Connectivity on Electronic Properties of Lead Iodide Perovskite-Derived Compounds

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    We use a layered solution crystal growth method to synthesize high-quality single crystals of two different benzylammonium lead iodide perovskite-like organic/inorganic hybrids. The well-known (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbI4 phase is obtained in the form of bright orange platelets, with a structure comprised of single ⟨100⟩-terminated sheets of corner-sharing PbI6 octahedra separated by bilayers of the organic cations. The presence of water during synthesis leads to formation of a novel minority phase that crystallizes in the form of nearly transparent, light yellow bar-shaped crystals. This phase adopts the monoclinic space group P21/n and incorporates water molecules, with structural formula (C6H5CH2NH3)4Pb5I14·2H2O. The crystal structure consists of ribbons of edge-sharing PbI6 octahedra separated by the organic cations. Density functional theory calculations including spin–orbit coupling show that these edge-sharing PbI6 octahedra cause the band gap to increase with respect to corner-sharing PbI6 octahedra in (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbI4. To gain systematic insight, we model the effect of the connectivity of PbI6 octahedra on the band gap in idealized lead iodide perovskite-derived compounds. We find that increasing the connectivity from corner-, via edge-, to face-sharing causes a significant increase in the band gap. This provides a new mechanism to tailor the optical properties in organic/inorganic hybrid compounds. PMID:28677956

  19. Phase transitions of BaTi{sub 0.9}Rh{sub 0.1}O{sub 3±δ} perovskite-type oxides under reducing environments

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rodríguez, G.C.Mondragón, E-mail: guillermo.mondragon-rodriguez@dlr.de; Gönüllü, Y.; Ferri, Davide

    2015-01-15

    Highlights: • Solid solution formation BaTi{sub 0.9}Rh{sub 0.1}O{sub 3±δ} with a new wet chemical synthesis method. • Rhodium in the BaTiO{sub 3} perovskite stabilizes the hexagonal structure. • New Rh segregation mechanism for hexagonal BaTi{sub 0.9}Rh{sub 0.1}O{sub 3±δ} upon reduction. - Abstract: Perovskite-type oxides of composition BaTi{sub 0.9}Rh{sub 0.1}O{sub 3±δ} were prepared following a new chemical route that avoids the formation of hydroxyl species and precipitation, and allows the homogeneous distribution of Rh in the final mixed metal oxide. The high dispersion of Rh and the formation of the solid solution between Rh and the BaTiO{sub 3} perovskite is confirmedmore » by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). The presence of Rh stabilized the hexagonal BaTi{sub 0.9}Rh{sub 0.1}O{sub 3±δ} phase, which decomposes into barium orthotitanate (BaTi{sub 2}O{sub 4}) and metallic Rh° in reducing environment. This phase transition starts already at 700 °C and is only partially completed at 900 °C suggesting that part of the Rh present in the perovskite lattice might not be easily reduced by hydrogen. These aspects and further open questions are discussed.« less

  20. Two-Dimensional CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Nanosheets for Ultrafast Pulsed Fiber Lasers.

    PubMed

    Li, Pengfei; Chen, Yao; Yang, Tieshan; Wang, Ziyu; Lin, Han; Xu, Yanhua; Li, Lei; Mu, Haoran; Shivananju, Bannur Nanjunda; Zhang, Yupeng; Zhang, Qinglin; Pan, Anlian; Li, Shaojuan; Tang, Dingyuan; Jia, Baohua; Zhang, Han; Bao, Qiaoliang

    2017-04-12

    Even though the nonlinear optical effects of solution processed organic-inorganic perovskite films have been studied, the nonlinear optical properties in two-dimensional (2D) perovskites, especially their applications for ultrafast photonics, are largely unexplored. In comparison to bulk perovskite films, 2D perovskite nanosheets with small thicknesses of a few unit cells are more suitable for investigating the intrinsic nonlinear optical properties because bulk recombination of photocarriers and the nonlinear scattering are relatively small. In this research, we systematically investigated the nonlinear optical properties of 2D perovskite nanosheets derived from a combined solution process and vapor phase conversion method. It was found that 2D perovskite nanosheets have stronger saturable absorption properties with large modulation depth and very low saturation intensity compared with those of bulk perovskite films. Using an all dry transfer method, we constructed a new type of saturable absorber device based on single piece 2D perovskite nanosheet. Stable soliton state mode-locking was achieved, and ultrafast picosecond pulses were generated at 1064 nm. This work is likely to pave the way for ultrafast photonic and optoelectronic applications based on 2D perovskites.

  1. [Am]Mn(H2POO)3: A New Family of Hybrid Perovskites Based on the Hypophosphite Ligand.

    PubMed

    Wu, Yue; Shaker, Sammy; Brivio, Federico; Murugavel, Ramaswamy; Bristowe, Paul D; Cheetham, Anthony K

    2017-11-29

    A family of five hybrid ABX 3 perovskites has been synthesized using hypophosphite (H 2 POO) - as the X-site ion. These compounds adopt the general formula [Am]Mn(H 2 POO) 3 , where Am = guanidinium (GUA), formamidinium (FA), imidazolium, triazolium, and dabconium. We explore the diverse structural and phase transition behavior of these materials through single-crystal diffraction measurements and demonstrate contrasting magnetism in two of the phases, Am = GUA and FA, that arises from structural distortions. The results show that hypophosphite perovskites offer a promising platform for generating new functional materials.

  2. Single-Crystal Thin Films of Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Epitaxially Grown on Metal Oxide Perovskite (SrTiO 3)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chen, Jie; Morrow, Darien J.; Fu, Yongping

    High-quality metal halide perovskite single crystals have low defect densities and excellent photophysical properties, yet thin films are the most sought after material geometry for optoelectronic devices. Perovskite single-crystal thin films (SCTFs) would be highly desirable for high-performance devices, but their growth remains challenging, particularly for inorganic metal halide perovskites. Herein, we report the facile vapor-phase epitaxial growth of cesium lead bromide perovskite (CsPbBr 3) continuous SCTFs with controllable micrometer thickness, as well as nanoplate arrays, on traditional oxide perovskite SrTiO 3(100) substrates. Heteroepitaxial single-crystal growth is enabled by the serendipitous incommensurate lattice match between these two perovskites, and overcomingmore » the limitation of island-forming Volmer–Weber crystal growth is critical for growing large-area continuous thin films. Time-resolved photoluminescence, transient reflection spectroscopy, and electrical transport measurements show that the CsPbBr 3 epitaxial thin film has a slow charge carrier recombination rate, low surface recombination velocity (10 4 cm s –1), and low defect density of 10 12 cm –3, which are comparable to those of CsPbBr 3 single crystals. This work suggests a general approach using oxide perovskites as substrates for heteroepitaxial growth of halide perovskites. Furthermore, the high-quality halide perovskite SCTFs epitaxially integrated with multifunctional oxide perovskites could open up opportunities for a variety of high-performance optoelectronics devices.« less

  3. Single-Crystal Thin Films of Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Epitaxially Grown on Metal Oxide Perovskite (SrTiO 3)

    DOE PAGES

    Chen, Jie; Morrow, Darien J.; Fu, Yongping; ...

    2017-09-05

    High-quality metal halide perovskite single crystals have low defect densities and excellent photophysical properties, yet thin films are the most sought after material geometry for optoelectronic devices. Perovskite single-crystal thin films (SCTFs) would be highly desirable for high-performance devices, but their growth remains challenging, particularly for inorganic metal halide perovskites. Herein, we report the facile vapor-phase epitaxial growth of cesium lead bromide perovskite (CsPbBr 3) continuous SCTFs with controllable micrometer thickness, as well as nanoplate arrays, on traditional oxide perovskite SrTiO 3(100) substrates. Heteroepitaxial single-crystal growth is enabled by the serendipitous incommensurate lattice match between these two perovskites, and overcomingmore » the limitation of island-forming Volmer–Weber crystal growth is critical for growing large-area continuous thin films. Time-resolved photoluminescence, transient reflection spectroscopy, and electrical transport measurements show that the CsPbBr 3 epitaxial thin film has a slow charge carrier recombination rate, low surface recombination velocity (10 4 cm s –1), and low defect density of 10 12 cm –3, which are comparable to those of CsPbBr 3 single crystals. This work suggests a general approach using oxide perovskites as substrates for heteroepitaxial growth of halide perovskites. Furthermore, the high-quality halide perovskite SCTFs epitaxially integrated with multifunctional oxide perovskites could open up opportunities for a variety of high-performance optoelectronics devices.« less

  4. Pressure-induced metallization of the halide perovskite (CH 3NH 3)PbI 3

    DOE PAGES

    Jaffe, Adam; Lin, Yu; Mao, Wendy L.; ...

    2017-03-14

    We report the metallization of the hybrid perovskite semiconductor (MA)PbI 3 (MA = CH 3NH 3 +) with no apparent structural transition. We tracked its bandgap evolution during compression in diamond-anvil cells using absorption spectroscopy and observed strong absorption over both visible and IR wavelengths at pressures above ca. 56 GPa, suggesting the imminent closure of its optical bandgap. The metallic character of (MA)PbI 3 above 60 GPa was confirmed using both IR reflectivity and variable-temperature dc conductivity measurements. The impressive semiconductor properties of halide perovskites have recently been exploited in a multitude of optoelectronic applications. Meanwhile, the study ofmore » metallic properties in oxide perovskites has revealed diverse electronic phenomena. Importantly, the mild synthetic routes to halide perovskites and the templating effects of the organic cations allow for fine structural control of the inorganic lattice. Lastly, pressure-induced closure of the 1.6 eV bandgap in (MA)PbI3 demonstrates the promise of the continued study of halide perovskites under a range of thermodynamic conditions, toward realizing wholly new electronic properties.« less

  5. Pressure-induced metallization of the halide perovskite (CH 3NH 3)PbI 3

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jaffe, Adam; Lin, Yu; Mao, Wendy L.

    We report the metallization of the hybrid perovskite semiconductor (MA)PbI 3 (MA = CH 3NH 3 +) with no apparent structural transition. We tracked its bandgap evolution during compression in diamond-anvil cells using absorption spectroscopy and observed strong absorption over both visible and IR wavelengths at pressures above ca. 56 GPa, suggesting the imminent closure of its optical bandgap. The metallic character of (MA)PbI 3 above 60 GPa was confirmed using both IR reflectivity and variable-temperature dc conductivity measurements. The impressive semiconductor properties of halide perovskites have recently been exploited in a multitude of optoelectronic applications. Meanwhile, the study ofmore » metallic properties in oxide perovskites has revealed diverse electronic phenomena. Importantly, the mild synthetic routes to halide perovskites and the templating effects of the organic cations allow for fine structural control of the inorganic lattice. Lastly, pressure-induced closure of the 1.6 eV bandgap in (MA)PbI3 demonstrates the promise of the continued study of halide perovskites under a range of thermodynamic conditions, toward realizing wholly new electronic properties.« less

  6. Electrical conduction and thermoelectric properties of perovskite-type BaBi1-xSbxO3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yasukawa, Masahiro; Shiga, Yuta; Kono, Toshio

    2012-06-01

    To elucidate the thermoelectric properties at high temperatures, the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were measured at temperatures between 423 K and 973 K for perovskite-type ceramics of BaBi1-xSbxO3 solid solutions with x=0.0-0.5. All the ceramics exhibit p-type semiconducting behaviors and electrical conduction is attributed to hopping of small polaronic holes localized on the pentavalent cations. Substitution of Bi with Sb causes the electrical conductivity σ and cell volume to decrease, but the Seebeck coefficient S to increase, suggesting that the Sb atoms are doped as Sb5+ and replace Bi5+, reducing 6s holes conduction from Bi5+(6s0) to Bi3+ (6s2). The thermoelectric power factor S2σ has values of 6×10-8-3×10-5 W m-1 K-2 in the measured temperature range, and is maximized for an Sb-undoped BaBiO3-δ, but decreases upon Sb doping due to the decreased σ values.

  7. Relationship between ABO blood group and pregnancy complications: a systematic literature analysis

    PubMed Central

    Franchini, Massimo; Mengoli, Carlo; Lippi, Giuseppe

    2016-01-01

    Given the expression of ABO blood group antigens on the surface of a wide range of human cells and tissues, the putative interplay of the ABO system in human biology outside the area of transfusion and transplantation medicine constitutes an intriguing byway of research. Thanks to evidence accumulated over more than 50 years, the involvement of the ABO system in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including cardiovascular, infectious and neoplastic disorders, is now acknowledged. However, there is controversial information on the potential association between ABO blood type and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including pre-eclampsia and related disorders (eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and intrauterine growth restriction), venous thromboembolism, post-partum haemorrhage and gestational diabetes. To elucidate the role of ABO antigens in pregnancy-related complications, we performed a systematic review of the literature published in the past 50 years. A meta-analytical approach was also applied to the existing literature on the association between ABO status and pre-eclampsia. The results of this systematic review are presented and critically discussed, along with the possible pathogenic implications. PMID:27177402

  8. Triazatruxene-Based Hole Transporting Materials for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

    PubMed

    Rakstys, Kasparas; Abate, Antonio; Dar, M Ibrahim; Gao, Peng; Jankauskas, Vygintas; Jacopin, Gwénolé; Kamarauskas, Egidijus; Kazim, Samrana; Ahmad, Shahzada; Grätzel, Michael; Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja

    2015-12-30

    Four center symmetrical star-shaped hole transporting materials (HTMs) comprising planar triazatruxene core and electron-rich methoxy-engineered side arms have been synthesized and successfully employed in (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 perovskite solar cells. These HTMs are obtained from relatively cheap starting materials by adopting facile preparation procedure, without using expensive and complicated purification techniques. Developed compounds have suitable highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) with respect to the valence band level of the perovskite, and time-resolved photoluminescence indicates that hole injection from the valence band of perovskite into the HOMO of triazatruxene-based HTMs is relatively more efficient as compared to that of well-studied spiro-OMeTAD. Remarkable power conversion efficiency over 18% was achieved using 5,10,15-trihexyl-3,8,13-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindolo[3,2-a:3',2'-c]carbazole (KR131) with compositive perovskite absorber. This result demonstrates triazatruxene-based compounds as a new class of HTM for the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells.

  9. Specific heat of new perovskite-type cobaltates Pr{sub 1-x}Nd{sub x}CoO{sub 3}

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Thakur, Rasna, E-mail: rasnarishu@gmail.com; Thakur, Rajesh K.; Gaur, N. K.

    2016-05-23

    Specific heat and Bulk modulus (B) of new perovskite-type cobaltates Pr{sub 1-x}Nd{sub x}CoO{sub 3} has been studied by means of a Modified Rigid Ion Model (MRIM) and Atoms in Molecules (AIM) theory in a wide temperature range (1 K ≤ T ≤1000 K). The effect of Nd doping on the elastic, cohesive and thermal properties of PrCoO{sub 3} have been studied probably for the first time by an atomistic approach. The computed results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.

  10. Polarized emission from CsPbX3 perovskite quantum dots

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Dan; Wu, Dan; Dong, Di; Chen, Wei; Hao, Junjie; Qin, Jing; Xu, Bing; Wang, Kai; Sun, Xiaowei

    2016-06-01

    Compared to organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites, full inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) exhibit higher stability. In this study, full inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Br, I and mixed halide systems Br/I) perovskite QDs have been synthesized and interestingly, these QDs showed highly polarized photoluminescence which is systematically studied for the first time. Furthermore, the polarization of CsPbI3 was as high as 0.36 in hexane and 0.40 as a film. The CsPbX3 perovskite QDs with high polarization properties indicate that they possess great potential for application in new generation displays with wide colour gamut and low power consumption.Compared to organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites, full inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) exhibit higher stability. In this study, full inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Br, I and mixed halide systems Br/I) perovskite QDs have been synthesized and interestingly, these QDs showed highly polarized photoluminescence which is systematically studied for the first time. Furthermore, the polarization of CsPbI3 was as high as 0.36 in hexane and 0.40 as a film. The CsPbX3 perovskite QDs with high polarization properties indicate that they possess great potential for application in new generation displays with wide colour gamut and low power consumption. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01915c

  11. Nb5+-Doped SrCoO3Perovskites as Potential Cathodes for Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells.

    PubMed

    Cascos, Vanessa; Alonso, José Antonio; Fernández-Díaz, María Teresa

    2016-07-15

    SrCoO 3- δ outperforms as cathode material in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC) when the three-dimensional (3C-type) perovskite structure is stabilized by the inclusion of highly-charged transition-metal ions at the octahedral positions. In a previous work we studied the Nb incorporation at the Co positions in the SrCo 1- x Nb x O 3- δ system, in which the stabilization of a tetragonal P4 / mmm perovskite superstructure was described for the x = 0.05 composition. In the present study we extend this investigation to the x = 0.10-0.15 range, also observing the formation of the tetragonal P4 / mmm structure instead of the unwanted hexagonal phase corresponding to the 2H polytype. We also investigated the effect of Nb 5+ doping on the thermal, electrical, and electrochemical properties of SrCo 1- x Nb x O 3- δ ( x = 0.1 and 0.15) perovskite oxides performing as cathodes in SOFC. In comparison with the undoped hexagonal SrCoO 3- δ phase, the resulting compounds present high thermal stability and an increase of the electrical conductivity. The single-cell tests for these compositions ( x = 0.10 and 0.15) with La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.83 Mg 0.17 O 3- δ (LSGM) as electrolyte and SrMo 0.8 Fe 0.2 CoO 3- δ as anode gave maximum power densities of 693 and 550 mW∙cm -2 at 850 °C respectively, using pure H₂ as fuel and air as oxidant.

  12. Conducting Layered Organic-inorganic Halides Containing <110>-Oriented Perovskite Sheets.

    PubMed

    Mitzi, D B; Wang, S; Feild, C A; Chess, C A; Guloy, A M

    1995-03-10

    Single crystals of the layered organic-inorganic perovskites, [NH(2)C(I=NH(2)](2)(CH(3)NH(3))m SnmI3m+2, were prepared by an aqueous solution growth technique. In contrast to the recently discovered family, (C(4)H(9)NH(3))(2)(CH(3)NH(3))n-1SnnI3n+1, which consists of (100)-terminated perovskite layers, structure determination reveals an unusual structural class with sets of m <110>-oriented CH(3)NH(3)SnI(3) perovskite sheets separated by iodoformamidinium cations. Whereas the m = 2 compound is semiconducting with a band gap of 0.33 +/- 0.05 electron volt, increasing m leads to more metallic character. The ability to control perovskite sheet orientation through the choice of organic cation demonstrates the flexibility provided by organic-inorganic perovskites and adds an important handle for tailoring and understanding lower dimensional transport in layered perovskites.

  13. Nature of potential barrier in (Ca 1/4,Cu 3/4)TiO 3 polycrystalline perovskite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Marques, V. P. B.; Bueno, P. R.; Simões, A. Z.; Cilense, M.; Varela, J. A.; Longo, E.; Leite, E. R.

    2006-04-01

    The nonohmic electrical features of (Ca 1/4,Cu 3/4)TiO 3 perovskite ceramics, which have very strong gigantic dielectric is believed originate from potential barriers at the grain boundaries. In the present study, we used the admittance and impedance spectroscopy technique to investigate (Ca 1/4,Cu 3/4)TiO 3 perovskite ceramics with low nonohmic electrical properties. The study was conducted under two different conditions: on as-sintered ceramics and on ceramics thermally treated in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. The results confirm that thermal treatment in oxygen-rich atmospheres influence the nonohmic properties. Annealing at oxygen-rich atmospheres improve the nonohmic behavior and annealing at oxygen-poor atmospheres decrease the nonohmic properties, a behavior already reported for common metal oxide nonohmic devices and here firstly evidenced for the (Ca 1/4,Cu 3/4)TiO 3 perovskite related materials. The results show that oxygen also influences the capacitance values at low frequencies, a behavior that is indicative of the Schottky-type nature of the potential barrier.

  14. Conjugated polyelectrolyte hole transport layer for inverted-type perovskite solar cells

    PubMed Central

    Choi, Hyosung; Mai, Cheng-Kang; Kim, Hak-Beom; Jeong, Jaeki; Song, Seyeong; Bazan, Guillermo C.; Kim, Jin Young; Heeger, Alan J.

    2015-01-01

    Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials offer the potential for realization of low-cost and flexible next-generation solar cells fabricated by low-temperature solution processing. Although efficiencies of perovskite solar cells have dramatically improved up to 19% within the past 5 years, there is still considerable room for further improvement in device efficiency and stability through development of novel materials and device architectures. Here we demonstrate that inverted-type perovskite solar cells with pH-neutral and low-temperature solution-processable conjugated polyelectrolyte as the hole transport layer (instead of acidic PEDOT:PSS) exhibit a device efficiency of over 12% and improved device stability in air. As an alternative to PEDOT:PSS, this work is the first report on the use of an organic hole transport material that enables the formation of uniform perovskite films with complete surface coverage and the demonstration of efficient, stable perovskite/fullerene planar heterojunction solar cells. PMID:26081865

  15. A Photoferroelectric Perovskite-Type Organometallic Halide with Exceptional Anisotropy of Bulk Photovoltaic Effects.

    PubMed

    Sun, Zhihua; Liu, Xitao; Khan, Tariq; Ji, Chengmin; Asghar, Muhammad Adnan; Zhao, Sangen; Li, Lina; Hong, Maochun; Luo, Junhua

    2016-05-23

    Perovskite-type ferroelectrics composed of organometallic halides are emerging as a promising alternative to conventional photovoltaic devices because of their unique photovoltaic effects (PVEs). A new layered perovskite-type photoferroelectric, bis(cyclohexylaminium) tetrabromo lead (1), is presented. The material exhibits an exceptional anisotropy of bulk PVEs. Upon photoexcitation, superior photovoltaic behaviors are created along its inorganic layers, which are composed of corner-sharing PbBr6 octahedra. Semiconducting activity with remarkable photoconductivity is achieved in the vertical direction, showing sizeable on/off current ratios (>10(4) ), which compete with the most active photovoltaic material CH3 NH3 PbI3 . In 1 the temperature-dependence of photovoltage coincides fairly well with that of polarization, confirming the dominant role of ferroelectricity in such highly anisotropic PVEs. This finding sheds light on bulk PVEs in ferroelectric materials, and promotes their application in optoelectronic devices. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  16. High performance organic-inorganic perovskite-optocoupler based on low-voltage and fast response perovskite compound photodetector.

    PubMed

    Li, Dong; Dong, Guifang; Li, Wenzhe; Wang, Liduo

    2015-01-20

    Organic-inorganic hybrid photodetectors attract considerable attention because they can combine the advantages of both organic and inorganic systems. Here, a perovskite compound with a broad absorption spectrum and high power conversion efficiency is used as a photosensitive layer in an organic/inorganic hybrid heterojunction photodetector with a high and fast response. The high sensitivity exceeding 10(4) is obtained at bias of 0-4 V. Using a tandem organic light-emitting diode (OLED) as the light source, we fabricated an optocoupler device. The optocoupler achieved a maximum photoresponsivity of 1.0 A W(-1) at 341.3 μWcm(-2) at an input voltage of 6 V. The device also exhibits rapid response times of τ(rise) ~ 20 μs and τ(fall) ~ 17 μs; as well as a high current transfer ratio (CTR) of 28.2%. After applying an amplification circuit, the CTR of the optocoupler increases to 263.3%, which is comparable with that of commercial inorganic optocouplers. The developed hybrid optocoupler thus shows great promise for use in photonics.

  17. Magnetic Susceptibility and Spin Exchange Interactions of the Hexagonal Perovskite-Type Oxides Sr 4/3(Mn 2/3Ni 1/3)O 3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    El Abed, A.; Gaudin, E.; Darriet, J.; Whangbo, M.-H.

    2002-02-01

    Magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out for two hexagonal perovskite-type oxides Sr1+x(Mn1-xNix)O3 with slightly different compositions (i.e., x={1}/{3} and 0.324). A significant difference in the susceptibilities of the two phases demonstrates the need to control phase compositions accurately. Sr4/3(Mn2/3Ni1/3)O3 consists of two spin sublattices, i.e., the Mn4+ and the Ni2+ ion sublattices. Spin dimer analysis was carried out to examine the relative strengths in the spin exchange interactions of the Mn4+ ion sublattice. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of Sr4/3(Mn2/3Ni1/3)O3 was found consistent with a picture in which the Mn4+ ion sublattice has weakly interacting antiferromagnetically coupled (Mn4+)2 dimers, the Ni2+ ion sublattice acts as a paramagnetic system, and the two sublattices are nearly independent.

  18. Transition metal substituted SrTiO3 perovskite oxides as promising functional materials for oxygen sensor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Misra, Sunasira

    2012-07-01

    Modern industries employ several gases as process fluids. Leakage of these gases in the operating area could lead to undesirable consequences. Even in chemical industries, which use large quantities of inert gases in confined areas, accidental leakage of these process gases would result in the reduction of oxygen partial pressure in atmospheric air. For instance, large amounts of gaseous nitrogen and argon are used in pharmaceutical industries, gas filling/bottling plants, operating area of Fast Breeder reactors, etc. Fall of concentration of oxygen in air below 17% could lead to life risk (Asphyxiation) of the working personnel that has to be checked well in advance. Further, when the leaking gas is of explosive nature, its damage potential would be very high if its concentration level in air increases beyond its lower explosive limit. Surveillance of the ambient within these industries at the critical areas and also in the environment around them for oxygen therefore becomes highly essential. Sensitive and selective gas sensors made of advanced materials are required to meet this demand of monitoring environmental pollution. The perovskite class of oxides (ABO3) is chemically stable even at high temperatures and can tolerate large levels of dopants without phase transformations. The electronic properties of this parent functional material can be tailored by adding appropriate dopants that exhibit different valence states. Aliovalent transition metal substituted SrTiO3 perovskites are good mixed ionic and electronic conductors and potential candidates for sensing oxygen at percentage level exploiting their oxygen pressure dependent electrical conductivity. This paper presents the preparation, study of electrical conductivity and oxygen-sensing characteristics of iron and cobalt substituted SrTiO3.

  19. Patterning and photoluminescent properties of perovskite-type organic/inorganic hybrid luminescent films by soft lithography

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cheng, Z. Y.; Wang, Z.; Xing, R. B.; Han, Y. C.; Lin, J.

    2003-07-01

    Perovskite-type organic/inorganic hybrid layered compound (C 6H 5C 2H 4NH 3) 2PbI 4 was synthesized. The patterning of (C 6H 5C 2H 4NH 3) 2PbI 4 thin films on silicon substrate was realized by the micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC) process, a kind of soft lithography. Bright green luminescent stripes with different widths (50, 15, 0.8 μm) have been obtained. The structure and optical properties of (C 6H 5C 2H 4NH 3) 2PbI 4 films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, respectively. It is shown that the organic-inorganic layered (C 6H 5C 2H 4NH 3) 2PbI 4 film was c-axis oriented, paralleling to the substrate plane. Green exciton emission at 525 nm was observed in the film, and the explanations for it were given.

  20. Room temperature three-photon pumped CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite microlasers.

    PubMed

    Gao, Yisheng; Wang, Shuai; Huang, Can; Yi, Ningbo; Wang, Kaiyang; Xiao, Shumin; Song, Qinghai

    2017-03-28

    Hybrid lead halide perovskites have made great strides in next-generation light-harvesting and light emitting devices. Recently, they have also shown great potentials in nonlinear optical materials. Two-photon absorption and two-photon light emission have been thoroughly studied in past two years. However, the three-photon processes are rarely explored, especially for the laser emissions. Here we synthesized high quality CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 perovskite microstructures with solution processed precipitation method and studied their optical properties. When the microstructures are pumped with intense 1240 nm lasers, we have observed clear optical limit effect and the band-to-band photoluminescence at 540 nm. By increasing the pumping density, whispering-gallery-mode based microlasers have been achieved from CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 perovskite microplate and microrod for the first time. This work demonstrates the potentials of hybrid lead halide perovskites in nonlinear photonic devices.

  1. Room temperature three-photon pumped CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite microlasers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gao, Yisheng; Wang, Shuai; Huang, Can; Yi, Ningbo; Wang, Kaiyang; Xiao, Shumin; Song, Qinghai

    2017-03-01

    Hybrid lead halide perovskites have made great strides in next-generation light-harvesting and light emitting devices. Recently, they have also shown great potentials in nonlinear optical materials. Two-photon absorption and two-photon light emission have been thoroughly studied in past two years. However, the three-photon processes are rarely explored, especially for the laser emissions. Here we synthesized high quality CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite microstructures with solution processed precipitation method and studied their optical properties. When the microstructures are pumped with intense 1240 nm lasers, we have observed clear optical limit effect and the band-to-band photoluminescence at 540 nm. By increasing the pumping density, whispering-gallery-mode based microlasers have been achieved from CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite microplate and microrod for the first time. This work demonstrates the potentials of hybrid lead halide perovskites in nonlinear photonic devices.

  2. Making and Breaking of Lead Halide Perovskites.

    PubMed

    Manser, Joseph S; Saidaminov, Makhsud I; Christians, Jeffrey A; Bakr, Osman M; Kamat, Prashant V

    2016-02-16

    kinetics can be tailored to yield improved thin film homogeneity. Because degradation of the as-formed perovskite film is in many ways analogous to its initial formation, the same suite of monitoring techniques reveals the moisture-induced transformation of low band gap methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) to wide band gap hydrate compounds. The rate of degradation is increased upon exposure to light. Interestingly, the hydration process is reversible under certain conditions. This facile formation and subsequent chemical lability raises the question of whether CH3NH3PbI3 and its analogues are thermodynamically stable phases, thus posing a significant challenge to the development of transformative perovskite photovoltaics. Adequately addressing issues of structural and chemical stability under real-world operating conditions is paramount if perovskite solar cells are to make an impact beyond the benchtop. Expanding our fundamental knowledge of lead halide perovskite formation and degradation pathways can facilitate fabrication of stable, high-quality perovskite thin films for the next generation of photovoltaic and light emitting devices.

  3. Making and Breaking of Lead Halide Perovskites

    DOE PAGES

    Manser, Joseph S.; Saidaminov, Makhsud I.; Christians, Jeffrey A.; ...

    2016-01-20

    , crystallization kinetics can be tailored to yield improved thin film homogeneity. Because degradation of the as-formed perovskite film is in many ways analogous to its initial formation, the same suite of monitoring techniques reveals the moisture-induced transformation of low band gap methylammonium lead iodide (CH 3NH 3PbI 3) to wide band gap hydrate compounds. The rate of degradation is increased upon exposure to light. Interestingly, the hydration process is reversible under certain conditions. This facile formation and subsequent chemical lability raises the question of whether CH 3NH 3PbI 3 and its analogues are thermodynamically stable phases, thus posing a significant challenge to the development of transformative perovskite photovoltaics. Adequately addressing issues of structural and chemical stability under real-world operating conditions is paramount if perovskite solar cells are to make an impact beyond the benchtop. Expanding our fundamental knowledge of lead halide perovskite formation and degradation pathways can facilitate fabrication of stable, high-quality perovskite thin films for the next generation of photovoltaic and light emitting devices.« less

  4. Synthesis and equation of state of post-perovskites in the (Mg,Fe)[subscript 3]Al[subscript 2]Si[subscript 3]O[subscript 12] system

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shieh, Sean R.; Dorfman, Susannah M.; Kubo, Atsushi

    The formation and properties of the post-perovskite (CaIrO{sub 3}-type) phase were studied in Fe-rich compositions along the pyrope-almandine ((Mg,Fe){sub 3}Al{sub 2}Si{sub 3}O{sub 12}) join. Natural and synthetic garnet starting materials with almandine fractions from 38 to 90 mol% were studied using synchrotron X-ray diffraction in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Single-phase post-perovskite could be successfully synthesized from garnet compositions at pressures above 148 GPa and temperatures higher than 1600 K. In some cases, evidence for a minor amount of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} post-perovskite was observed for Alm38 and Alm54 compositions in the perovskite + post-perovskite two-phase region. Pressure-volume data formore » the post-perovskite phases collected during decompression show that incorporation of Fe leads to a systematic increase of unit cell volume broadly similar to the variation observed in the (Mg,Fe)SiO{sub 3} system. The presence of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} increases the stability of perovskite relative to post-perovskite, requiring higher pressures (> 148 GPa) for synthesis of pure post-perovskites. Our data together with those of Tateno et al. (2005) also suggest that in the Al-rich system the presence of Fe has no strong effect on the pressure required to synthesize the pure post-perovskite phase, but the two-phase perovskite and post-perovskite region may be broad and its width dependent on Fe content. Our results suggest that any regions highly enriched in Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} may consist of either the perovskite phase or a mixture of perovskite and post-perovskite phases throughout the entire thickness of the D* region. The observed synthesis pressures (> 148 GPa) for a pure post-perovskite phase are beyond that at the Earth's core-mantle boundary ({approx} 135 GPa).« less

  5. New functional materials AC3B4O12 (Review)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vasil'ev, A. N.; Volkova, O. S.

    2007-11-01

    The physical properties of perovskites of the type AC3B4O12, whose structure derives from simple perovskites ABO3, are reviewed. The A position is subject to strong structural distortions and splits into two new positions A and C. In the structure of AC3B4O12 vacancies and any cations with a large radius, irrespective of their charge state, can be present in the icosahedral environment of A: Na +, Cd2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Y3+, Ln3+, and Nd4+. The C position in the square environment of oxygen can be occupied only by the Jahn-Teller cations Cu2+ and Mn3+. Transition and nontransition metal ions—Mn3+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, Ti4+, Mn4+, Ge4+, Ru4+, Ir4+, Ta5+, Nb5+, Ta5+, Sb5+—can occupy the B position in an octahedral environment. Some members of the family of complex perovskites possess properties which are characteristic for systems with heavy fermions; collinear and noncollinear magnetic structures with high ordering temperatures occur in these materials; tunneling magnetoresistance and high permittivity are observed. The diversity and unique properties make these materials attractive for practical applications.

  6. General working principles of CH3NH3PbX3 perovskite solar cells.

    PubMed

    Gonzalez-Pedro, Victoria; Juarez-Perez, Emilio J; Arsyad, Waode-Sukmawati; Barea, Eva M; Fabregat-Santiago, Francisco; Mora-Sero, Ivan; Bisquert, Juan

    2014-02-12

    Organometal halide perovskite-based solar cells have recently realized large conversion efficiency over 15% showing great promise for a new large scale cost-competitive photovoltaic technology. Using impedance spectroscopy measurements we are able to separate the physical parameters of carrier transport and recombination in working devices of the two principal morphologies and compositions of perovskite solar cells, viz. compact thin films of CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Clx and CH3NH3PbI3 infiltrated on nanostructured TiO2. The results show nearly identical spectral characteristics indicating a unique photovoltaic operating mechanism that provides long diffusion lengths (1 μm). Carrier conductivity in both devices is closely matched, so that the most significant differences in performance are attributed to recombination rates. These results highlight the central role of the CH3NH3PbX3 semiconductor absorber in carrier collection and provide a new tool for improved optimization of perovskite solar cells. We report for the first time a measurement of the diffusion length in a nanostructured perovskite solar cell.

  7. Thermoelectric Properties of the Perovskite-Type Oxide SrTi1-xNbxO3 Synthesized by Solid-State Reaction Method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Khan, Tamal Tahsin; Ur, Soon-Chul

    2018-05-01

    The perovskite-type oxide materials SrTi1-xNbxO3 (X = .02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06) were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method and the thermoelectric properties in terms of Nb doping at the B-site in the oxides were investigated in this study. The formation of single phase cubic perovskite structure was confirmed by the powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Negative conduction is shown in this materials system. The absolute value of Seebeck coefficient increased with increasing temperature over the measured temperature. The electrical conductivity decreased monotonically with increasing temperature, showing degenerating conduction behavior. The thermal conductivity, k, generally decreased with increasing temperature. The power factor increased with increasing Nb-doping level up to 5.0 mol% and hence the dimensionless figure of merit ZT, increased up to 5.0 mol%. The maximum ZT value was observed for SrTi0.95Nb0.05O3 at 873 K.

  8. Enhanced Crystalline Phase Purity of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx Film for High-Efficiency Hysteresis-Free Perovskite Solar Cells.

    PubMed

    Yang, Yingguo; Feng, Shanglei; Xu, Weidong; Li, Meng; Li, Li; Zhang, Xingmin; Ji, Gengwu; Zhang, Xiaonan; Wang, Zhaokui; Xiong, Yimin; Cao, Liang; Sun, Baoquan; Gao, Xingyu

    2017-07-12

    Despite rapid successful developments toward promising perovskite solar cells (PSCs) efficiency, they often suffer significant hysteresis effects. Using synchrotron-based grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) with different probing depths by varying the incident angle, we found that the perovskite films consist of dual phases with a parent phase dominant in the interior and a child phase with a smaller (110) interplanar space (d (110) ) after rapid thermal annealing (RTA), which is a widely used post treatment to improve the crystallization of solution-processed perovskite films for high-performance planar PSCs. In particular, the child phase composition gradually increases with decreasing depth till it becomes the majority on the surface, which might be one of the key factors related to hysteresis in fabricated PSCs. We further improve the crystalline phase purity of the solution-processed CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x perovskite film (referred as g-perovskite) by using a facile gradient thermal annealing (GTA), which shows a uniformly distributed phase structure in pinhole-free morphology with less undercoordinated Pb and I ions determined by synchrotron-based GIXRD, grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Regardless of device structures (conventional and inverted types), the planar heterojunction PSCs employing CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x g-perovskite films exhibit negligible hysteresis with a champion power conversion efficiency of 17.04% for TiO 2 -based conventional planar PSCs and 14.83% for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-based inverted planar PSCs. Our results indicate that the crystalline phase purity in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x perovskite film, especially in the surface region, plays a crucial role in determining the hysteresis effect and device performance.

  9. Magnetic properties of Fe doped SmCrO{sub 3} perovskite

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bakshi, Venugopal Rao; Devarasetty, Suresh Babu, E-mail: s-devarasetty1956@yahoo.co.uk; Prasad, Bandi Vittal

    2014-04-24

    The compound SmCr{sub 1−x} Fe{sub x}O{sub 3} perovskites were prepared by citric acid route. the samples were characterized by XRD and SEM. The temperature and field dependent magnetization measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 5K −400 K at 0.01T field and −5T to 5T field at 2K. SmCrO3 compound has shown two magnetic transition temperatures at 197 K and 38 K. The observed behavior at 197 K is the characteristic of anti-ferromagnetic ordering of Cr{sup 3+} moments with weak ferromagnetism. The drop in magnetization below 38 K is due to the spin reorientation of Sm{sup 3+} inmore » anti ferromagnetic arrangement and Cr{sup 3+}spins. the doping of Fe in SmCrO{sub 3} compound has shown a decrease in T{sub N1} and also the two magnetization reversals at 177K and 57K. The magnetic behavior at low temperatures is (T« less

  10. Correlation of ABO and Rh blood groups with transfusion administration and fever onset after hip surgery in children.

    PubMed

    Brdar, Radivoj; Petronic, Ivana; Nikolic, Dejan; Golubovic, Zoran; Bukva, Bojan; Radlovic, Vladimir; Abramovic, Dusan; Ducic, Sinisa; Colovic, Hristina

    2012-01-01

    Aim of our study was to evaluate distribution of ABO and Rh blood type groups in children after hip surgery regarding transfusion administration and fever presence. Four types of ABO blood groups (A; B; AB; O) and 2 types of Rh blood groups (Rh+; Rh-) were evaluated in group with administered transfusion (tr+) and without given transfusion (tr-); and in group with fever (fev+) and without fever (fev-), in 146 children after hip surgery. Tr+ and fev+ groups were divided into 3 groups (0-24h; 25-48h; 49-72h): for tr+ group (Group 1, Group 2, Group 3), and for fev+ group (Group A, Group B, Group C). AB blood group significantly decreased in Group 1 (χ2= 6.44; p<0.05) and A blood group in Group 3 in tr+ group (χ2= 7.68; p<0.01). O blood group significantly increased in Group 3 in tr+ group (χ2= 9.96; p<0.01). AB blood group significantly decreased in Groups B (χ2= 12.2; p<0.01) and C (χ2= 4.2; p<0.05) in fev+ versus fevgroup. B blood group significantly increased in Group C (χ2= 34.4; p<0.01) in fev+group. Administration of transfusion and fever onset in pediatric patients undergoing surgical correction of the hip is not influenced by the ABO and Rh blood groups system in humans. There is correlation between distribution of ABO blood groups with the time of transfusion administration and fever onset in children after hip surgery.

  11. Clinical evaluation of the endothelial tie-2 crossmatch in ABO compatible and ABO incompatible renal transplants.

    PubMed

    Kafetzi, Maria L; Boletis, John N; Melexopoulou, Christine A; Tsakris, Athanassios; Iniotaki, Aliki G; Doxiadis, Ilias I N

    2013-11-01

    The necessity of detection of other than the classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and MHC class I-related chain A (MICA) directed antibodies prior to organ transplantation has already been repeatedly reported. A commercial flow cytometric endothelial crossmatch (CM) using isolated peripheral blood tie-2 positive cells provides a tool to detect non-MHC antibodies in addition to antibodies directed to MHC class I and II. The vast majority of circulating tie-2 positive cells expresses HLA-DR but not the A, B blood group antigens. Tie-2 cells are circulating surrogate endothelial cells. In this retrospective study we evaluated the endothelial CM in 51 renal transplantations, 30 with ABO compatible grafts and 21 with ABO incompatible grafts. Fifteen of the ABO compatible recipients (group A) developed unexplained rejection episodes (RE) while the remaining 15 had no RE (group B). Five cases of group A and none of group B had a positive tie-2 CM before transplantation (p=0.042). A positive tie-2 CM was also correlated with graft failure in ABO compatible transplants (p=0.02). No significant correlation was found between a positive pre-transplant tie-2 CM and RE in the ABO incompatible group. This study strongly suggest that a positive tie-2 CM may predict post-transplantation complications in ABO compatible grafts while negative reactions are not predictive. The test is not significantly correlated with RE in ABO incompatible grafts possibly due to applied desensitization. Copyright © 2013 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. Modulated CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx film for efficient perovskite solar cells exceeding 18%

    PubMed Central

    Tu, Yongguang; Wu, Jihuai; Lan, Zhang; He, Xin; Dong, Jia; Jia, Jinbiao; Guo, Panfeng; Lin, Jianming; Huang, Miaoliang; Huang, Yunfang

    2017-01-01

    The organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite layer is a crucial factor for the high performance perovskite solar cell (PSC). We introduce CH3NH3Br in the precursor solution to prepare CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx hybrid perovskite, and an uniform perovskite layer with improved crystallinity and apparent grain contour is obtained, resulting in the significant improvement of photovoltaic performance of PSCs. The effects of CH3NH3Br on the perovskite morphology, crystallinity, absorption property, charge carrier dynamics and device characteristics are discussed, and the improvement of open circuit voltage of the device depended on Br doping is confirmed. Based on above, the device based on CH3NH3PbI2.86Br0.14 exhibits a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.02%. This study represents an efficient method for high-performance perovskite solar cell by modulating CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx film. PMID:28303938

  13. ABO-Rh blood groups distribution in cardiac syndrome X patients.

    PubMed

    Kheradmand, Fatemeh; Rasmi, Yousef; Nemati, Mohaddeseh; Mohammadzad, Mir Hossein Seyed

    2012-07-01

    Data on frequency distribution of ABO-Rh blood groups in cardiac syndrome X (CSX) patients are not available. We aimed to investigate the distribution of ABO-Rh blood groups in these patients. A total of 247 CSX patients' records were reviewed in a cross-sectional study from 2006 to 2010. One hundred forty six patients (59.1%) were female, and the mean patient age was 52 ± 11 years. The frequency of ABO-Rh blood groups was compared to the frequency of these blood groups in the West-Azerbaijan province, Iran; general population. Blood groups distribution among CSX patients showed phenotypes A, B, AB, O and Rh negative as 33.1%, 21.9%, 9.3%, 35.8%, and 7.9%, respectively. According to our results, there were no differences in ABO-Rh blood groups distribution between CSX patients and normal population. These data suggest that ABO-Rh blood groups might be unassociated with CSX.

  14. Pressure-Induced Metallization of the Halide Perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 )PbI 3

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jaffe, Adam; Lin, Yu; Mao, Wendy L.

    We report the metallization of the hybrid perovskite semiconductor (MA)PbI3 (MA = CH3NH3+) with no apparent structural transition. We tracked its bandgap evolution during compression in diamond-anvil cells using absorption spectroscopy and observed strong absorption over both visible and IR wavelengths at pressures above ca. 56 GPa, suggesting the imminent closure of its optical bandgap. The metallic character of (MA)PbI3 above 60 GPa was confirmed using both IR reflectivity and variable-temperature dc conductivity measurements. The impressive semiconductor properties of halide perovskites have recently been exploited in a multitude of optoelectronic applications. Meanwhile, the study of metallic properties in oxide perovskitesmore » has revealed diverse electronic phenomena. Importantly, the mild synthetic routes to halide perovskites and the templating effects of the organic cations allow for fine structural control of the inorganic lattice. Pressure-induced closure of the 1.6 eV bandgap in (MA)PbI3 demonstrates the promise of the continued study of halide perovskites under a range of thermodynamic conditions, toward realizing wholly new electronic properties.« less

  15. DFT analysis and FDTD simulation of CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x mixed halide perovskite solar cells: role of halide mixing and light trapping technique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saffari, Mohaddeseh; Mohebpour, Mohammad Ali; Rahimpour Soleimani, H.; Bagheri Tagani, Meysam

    2017-10-01

    Since perovskite solar cells have attracted a great deal of attention over the past few years, the enhancement of their optical absorption and current density are among the basic upcoming challenges. For this reason, first, we have studied the structural and optical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 and the compounds doped by chlorine halogen CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x in the cubic phase by using a density functional theory (DFT). Then, we model a single-junction perovskite solar cell based on a full solution to Maxwell’s equations, using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique, which helps us to investigate the light absorption efficiency and optical current density of the cell with CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x (x  =  0, 1, 2, 3) as the active layer. The results suggest that increasing the amount of chlorine in CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x compound leads to an increase in the bandgap energy, as well as a decrease in the lattice constants and optical properties, like the refractive index and extinction coefficient of the structure. Also, the results obtained by the simulation express that by taking advantage of the light trapping techniques of SiO2, a remarkable increase of light absorption will be achieved to the magnitude of 83.13%, which is noticeable.

  16. Effect of Different CH3NH3PbI3 Morphologies on Photovoltaic Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Lung-Chien; Lee, Kuan-Lin; Wu, Wen-Ti; Hsu, Chien-Feng; Tseng, Zong-Liang; Sun, Xiao Hong; Kao, Yu-Ting

    2018-05-01

    In this study, the perovskite layers were prepared by two-step wet process with different CH3NH3I (MAI) concentrations. The cell structure was glass/FTO/TiO2-mesoporous/CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3)/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag. The MAPbI3 perovskite films were prepared using high and low MAI concentrations in a two-step process. The perovskite films were optimized at different spin coating speed and different annealing temperatures to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells. The PCE of the resulting device based on the different perovskite morphologies was discussed. The PCE of the best cell was up to 17.42%, open circuit voltage of 0.97 V, short current density of 24.06 mA/cm2, and fill factor of 0.747.

  17. Effect of Different CH3NH3PbI3 Morphologies on Photovoltaic Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells.

    PubMed

    Chen, Lung-Chien; Lee, Kuan-Lin; Wu, Wen-Ti; Hsu, Chien-Feng; Tseng, Zong-Liang; Sun, Xiao Hong; Kao, Yu-Ting

    2018-05-08

    In this study, the perovskite layers were prepared by two-step wet process with different CH 3 NH 3 I (MAI) concentrations. The cell structure was glass/FTO/TiO 2 -mesoporous/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3 )/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag. The MAPbI 3 perovskite films were prepared using high and low MAI concentrations in a two-step process. The perovskite films were optimized at different spin coating speed and different annealing temperatures to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells. The PCE of the resulting device based on the different perovskite morphologies was discussed. The PCE of the best cell was up to 17.42%, open circuit voltage of 0.97 V, short current density of 24.06 mA/cm 2 , and fill factor of 0.747.

  18. Intrinsic Mechanisms of Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitor Failure.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-04-01

    Properties on the Electric Transport in ABO Perovskites ", Phys. 3Stat. Sol. (a) 75, 143 (1983). [10] S. A. Long and R. N. Blumenthal, "Ti-Rich...Bauerle, "Influence Ed.), John Wiley and Sons (1981). of Bulk and Interface Properties on the Electric Transport in ABO Perovskites ", Phys. Stat. Sol...48 4. THERMOELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS ..... .............. .. 51 5. OTHER STUDIES ........ .................... 60 5.1 Impedance Dispersion

  19. Allelic Prevalence of ABO Blood Group Genes in Iranian Azari Population.

    PubMed

    Nojavan, Mohammad; Shamsasenjan, Karrim; Movassaghpour, Ali Akbar; Akbarzadehlaleh, Parvin; Torabi, Seyd Esmail; Ghojazadeh, Morteza

    2012-01-01

    ABO blood group system is the most important blood group in transfusion and has been widely used in population studies. Several molecular techniques for ABO allele's detection are widely used for distinguishing various alleles of glycosyl transferase locus on chromosome 9. 744 randomly selected samples from Azari donors of East Azerbaijan province (Iran) were examined using well-adjusted multiplex allele- specific PCR ABO genotyping technique. The results were consistent for all individuals. The ABO blood group genotype of 744 healthy Azari blood donors was: 25.8% AA/AO (2), 7.6% AO (1), 1.6% BB, 11.3% B0 (1), 10% AB, 9.3% 0(1)0(1) and 15.3%0(1)0(2). The highest genotype frequency belonged to O01/O02 genotype (15.3%) and the lowest frequency belonged to A101/A102 genotype (0.4%). The frequencies of ABO alleles didn't show significant differences between East Azerbaijan province population and that of other areas of the country. Meanwhile, statistical analysis of frequencies of A and B alleles between East Azerbaijan province population and neighbor countries showed significant differences whereas the frequency of allele O between them did not show significant difference (P>0.05). The frequencies of ABO alleles didn't show significant differences between East Azerbaijan province population and that of other areas of the country. Meanwhile, statistical analysis of frequencies of A and B alleles between East Azerbaijan province population and neighbor countries showed significant differences whereas the frequency of allele O between them did not show significant difference (P>0.05).

  20. Towards Lead-Free Piezoceramics: Facing a Synthesis Challenge

    PubMed Central

    Villafuerte-Castrejón, María Elena; Morán, Emilio; Reyes-Montero, Armando; Vivar-Ocampo, Rodrigo; Peña-Jiménez, Jesús-Alejandro; Rea-López, Salvador-Oliver; Pardo, Lorena

    2016-01-01

    The search for electroceramic materials with enhanced ferro-pyro-piezoelectric properties and revealing the perovskite type structure has been the objective of a significant number of manuscripts reported in the literature. This has been usually carried out by proposing the synthesis and processing of new compounds and solid solution series. In this work, several methods to obtain ferro-pyro-piezoelectric families of materials featuring the well-known ABO3 perovskite structure (or related) such as BaTiO3, Ba1–xCaxTi1–yZryO3, (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3, (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 and their solid solutions with different cations either in the A or B positions, are presented. For this kind of materials, the challenge for obtaining a single phase compound with a specific grain size and morphology and, most importantly, with the adequate stoichiometry, will also be discussed. The results reviewed herein will be discussed in terms of the tendency of working with softer conditions, i.e., lower temperature and shorter reaction times, also referred to as soft-chemistry. PMID:28787822

  1. Transparent and flexible photodetectors based on CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite nanoparticles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jeon, Young Pyo; Woo, Sung Jun; Kim, Tae Whan

    2018-03-01

    Transparent and flexible photodetectors (PDs) based on CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by using co-evaporation of methyl ammonium iodide and lead iodide. X-ray diffraction patterns and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated the formation of perovskite NPs. The optical transmittance of the perovskite NPs/glass was above 80% over the entire range of visible wavelengths, indicative of high transparency. The PDs based on CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite NPs were sensitive to a broad range of visible light from 450 to 650 nm. The currents in the PDs under exposure to red, green, and blue light-emitting diodes were enhanced to 5, 10, and 20 times that of the PD in the dark, respectively. The rise and the decay times of the PDs were 50 and 120 μs. The current in the perovskite NP PD on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate was enhanced by approximately 69% when the NP PD was exposed to a blue LED emitting at a wavelength of 459 nm. Despite multiple bending, the transparent and flexible PDs based on methyl ammonium iodide and lead iodide NPs showed reproducibility and high stability in performance.

  2. Growth of MAPbBr3 perovskite crystals and its interfacial properties with Al and Ag contacts for perovskite solar cells

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Najeeb, Mansoor Ani; Ahmad, Zubair; Shakoor, R. A.; Alashraf, Abdulla; Bhadra, Jolly; Al-Thani, N. J.; Al-Muhtaseb, Shaheen A.; Mohamed, A. M. A.

    2017-11-01

    In this work, the MAPbBr3 perovskite crystals were grown and the interfacial properties of the poly-crystalline MAPbBr3 with Aluminum (Al) and Silver (Ag) contacts has been investigated. MAPbBr3 crystals are turned into the poly-crystalline pellets (PCP) using compaction technique and the Al/PCP, Al/interface layer/PCP, Ag/PCP, and Ag/interface layer/PCP contacts were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristic technique were used to have an insight of the degradation mechanism happening at the Metal/perovskite interface. The Ag/PCP contact appears to be stable, whereas Al is found to be highly reactive with the MAPbBr3 perovskite crystals due to the infiltration setback of Al in to the perovskite crystals. The interface layer showed a slight effect on the penetration of Al in to the perovskite crystals however it does not seem to be an appropriate solution. It is noteworthy that the stability of the underlying metal/perovskite contact is very crucial towards the perovskite solar cells with extended device lifetime.

  3. Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

    PubMed

    Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba; Dar, M Ibrahim; Sadhanala, Aditya; Senanayak, Satyaprasad P; Grätzel, Michael; Friend, Richard H

    2017-03-19

    Here, we demonstrate the incorporation of monovalent cation additives into CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite in order to adjust the optical, excitonic, and electrical properties. The possibility of doping was investigated by adding monovalent cation halides with similar ionic radii to Pb 2+ , including Cu + , Na + , and Ag + . A shift in the Fermi level and a remarkable decrease of sub-bandgap optical absorption, along with a lower energetic disorder in the perovskite, was achieved. An order-of-magnitude enhancement in the bulk hole mobility and a significant reduction of transport activation energy within an additive-based perovskite device was attained. The confluence of the aforementioned improved properties in the presence of these cations led to an enhancement in the photovoltaic parameters of the perovskite solar cell. An increase of 70 mV in open circuit voltage for AgI and a 2 mA/cm 2 improvement in photocurrent density for NaI- and CuBr-based solar cells were achieved compared to the pristine device. Our work paves the way for further improvements in the optoelectronic quality of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and subsequent devices. It highlights a new avenue for investigations on the role of dopant impurities in crystallization and controls the electronic defect density in perovskite structures.

  4. Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

    PubMed Central

    Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba; Dar, M. Ibrahim; Sadhanala, Aditya; Senanayak, Satyaprasad P.; Grätzel, Michael; Friend, Richard H.

    2017-01-01

    Here, we demonstrate the incorporation of monovalent cation additives into CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite in order to adjust the optical, excitonic, and electrical properties. The possibility of doping was investigated by adding monovalent cation halides with similar ionic radii to Pb2+, including Cu+, Na+, and Ag+. A shift in the Fermi level and a remarkable decrease of sub-bandgap optical absorption, along with a lower energetic disorder in the perovskite, was achieved. An order-of-magnitude enhancement in the bulk hole mobility and a significant reduction of transport activation energy within an additive-based perovskite device was attained. The confluence of the aforementioned improved properties in the presence of these cations led to an enhancement in the photovoltaic parameters of the perovskite solar cell. An increase of 70 mV in open circuit voltage for AgI and a 2 mA/cm2 improvement in photocurrent density for NaI- and CuBr-based solar cells were achieved compared to the pristine device. Our work paves the way for further improvements in the optoelectronic quality of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and subsequent devices. It highlights a new avenue for investigations on the role of dopant impurities in crystallization and controls the electronic defect density in perovskite structures. PMID:28362369

  5. Structural, electronic, elastic, and thermal properties of CaNiH3 perovskite obtained from first-principles calculations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Benlamari, S.; Bendjeddou, H.; Boulechfar, R.; Amara Korba, S.; Meradji, H.; Ahmed, R.; Ghemid, S.; Khenata, R.; Omran, S. Bin

    2018-03-01

    A theoretical study of the structural, elastic, electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties of the perovskite-type hydride CaNiH3 is presented. This study is carried out via first-principles full potential (FP) linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital (LAPW+lo) method designed within the density functional theory (DFT). To treat the exchange–correlation energy/potential for the total energy calculations, the local density approximation (LDA) of Perdew–Wang (PW) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) are used. The three independent elastic constants (C 11, C 12, and C 44) are calculated from the direct computation of the stresses generated by small strains. Besides, we report the variation of the elastic constants as a function of pressure as well. From the calculated elastic constants, the mechanical character of CaNiH3 is predicted. Pertaining to the thermal properties, the Debye temperature is estimated from the average sound velocity. To further comprehend this compound, the quasi-harmonic Debye model is used to analyze the thermal properties. From the calculations, we find that the obtained results of the lattice constant (a 0), bulk modulus (B 0), and its pressure derivative ({B}0^{\\prime }) are in good agreement with the available theoretical as well as experimental results. Similarly, the obtained electronic band structure demonstrates the metallic character of this perovskite-type hydride.

  6. High-pressure synthesis of the cubic perovskite BaRuO3 and evolution of ferromagnetism in ARuO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) ruthenates.

    PubMed

    Jin, C-Q; Zhou, J-S; Goodenough, J B; Liu, Q Q; Zhao, J G; Yang, L X; Yu, Y; Yu, R C; Katsura, T; Shatskiy, A; Ito, E

    2008-05-20

    The cubic perovskite BaRuO(3) has been synthesized under 18 GPa at 1,000 degrees C. Rietveld refinement indicates that the new compound has a stretched Ru-O bond. The cubic perovskite BaRuO(3) remains metallic to 4 K and exhibits a ferromagnetic transition at T(c) = 60 K, which is significantly lower than the T(c) approximately = 160 K for SrRuO(3). The availability of cubic perovskite BaRuO(3) not only makes it possible to map out the evolution of magnetism in the whole series of ARuO(3) (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) as a function of the ionic size of the A-site r(A,) but also completes the polytypes of BaRuO(3). Extension of the plot of T(c) versus r(A) in perovskites ARuO(3) (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) shows that T(c) does not increase as the cubic structure is approached, but has a maximum for orthorhombic SrRuO(3). Suppressing T(c) by Ca and Ba doping in SrRuO(3) is distinguished by sharply different magnetic susceptibilities chi(T) of the paramagnetic phase. This distinction has been interpreted in the context of a Griffiths' phase on the (Ca Sr)RuO(3) side and bandwidth broadening on the (Sr,Ba)RuO(3) side.

  7. High-pressure synthesis of the cubic perovskite BaRuO3 and evolution of ferromagnetism in ARuO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) ruthenates

    PubMed Central

    Jin, C.-Q.; Zhou, J.-S.; Goodenough, J. B.; Liu, Q. Q.; Zhao, J. G.; Yang, L. X.; Yu, Y.; Yu, R. C.; Katsura, T.; Shatskiy, A.; Ito, E.

    2008-01-01

    The cubic perovskite BaRuO3 has been synthesized under 18 GPa at 1,000°C. Rietveld refinement indicates that the new compound has a stretched Ru–O bond. The cubic perovskite BaRuO3 remains metallic to 4 K and exhibits a ferromagnetic transition at Tc = 60 K, which is significantly lower than the Tc ≈ 160 K for SrRuO3. The availability of cubic perovskite BaRuO3 not only makes it possible to map out the evolution of magnetism in the whole series of ARuO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) as a function of the ionic size of the A-site rA, but also completes the polytypes of BaRuO3. Extension of the plot of Tc versus rA in perovskites ARuO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) shows that Tc does not increase as the cubic structure is approached, but has a maximum for orthorhombic SrRuO3. Suppressing Tc by Ca and Ba doping in SrRuO3 is distinguished by sharply different magnetic susceptibilities χ(T) of the paramagnetic phase. This distinction has been interpreted in the context of a Griffiths' phase on the (Ca Sr)RuO3 side and bandwidth broadening on the (Sr,Ba)RuO3 side. PMID:18480262

  8. Intriguing optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites

    DOE PAGES

    Manser, Joseph S.; Christians, Jeffrey A.; Kamat, Prashant V.

    2016-06-21

    Here, a new chapter in the long and distinguished history of perovskites is being written with the breakthrough success of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) as solution-processed photovoltaic (PV) absorbers. The current surge in MHP research has largely arisen out of their rapid progress in PV devices; however, these materials are potentially suitable for a diverse array of optoelectronic applications. Like oxide perovskites, MHPs have ABX 3 stoichiometry, where A and B are cations and X is a halide anion. Here, the underlying physical and photophysical properties of inorganic (A = inorganic) and hybrid organic-inorganic (A = organic) MHPs are reviewedmore » with an eye toward their potential application in emerging optoelectronic technologies. Significant attention is given to the prototypical compound methylammonium lead iodide (CH 3NH 3PbI 3) due to the preponderance of experimental and theoretical studies surrounding this material. We also discuss other salient MHP systems, including 2- dimensional compounds, where relevant. More specifically, this review is a critical account of the interrelation between MHP electronic structure, absorption, emission, carrier dynamics and transport, and other relevant photophysical processes that have propelled these materials to the forefront of modern optoelectronics research.« less

  9. Origins of n -type doping difficulties in perovskite stannates

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weston, L.; Bjaalie, L.; Krishnaswamy, K.; Van de Walle, C. G.

    2018-02-01

    The perovskite stannates (A SnO3 ; A = Ba, Sr, Ca) are promising for oxide electronics, but control of n -type doping has proved challenging. Using first-principles hybrid density functional calculations, we investigate La dopants and explore the formation of compensating acceptor defects. We find that La on the A site always behaves as a shallow donor, but incorporation of La on the Sn site can lead to self-compensation. At low La concentrations and in O-poor conditions, oxygen vacancies form in BaSnO3. A -site cation vacancies are found to be dominant among the native compensating centers. Compared to BaSnO3, charge compensation is a larger problem for the wider-band-gap stannates, SrSnO3 and CaSnO3, a trend we can explain based on conduction-band alignments. The formation of compensating acceptor defects can be inhibited by choosing oxygen-poor (cation-rich) growth or annealing conditions, thus providing a pathway for improved n -type doping.

  10. Effect of metal cation replacement on the electronic structure of metalorganic halide perovskites: Replacement of lead with alkaline-earth metals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pazoki, Meysam; Jacobsson, T. Jesper; Hagfeldt, Anders; Boschloo, Gerrit; Edvinsson, Tomas

    2016-04-01

    Organic and inorganic lead halogen perovskites, and in particular, C H3N H3Pb I3 , have during the last years emerged as a class of highly efficient solar cell materials. Herein we introduce metalorganic halogen perovskite materials for energy-relevant applications based on alkaline-earth metals. Based on the classical notion of Goldschmidt's rules and quantum mechanical considerations, the three alkaline-earth metals, Ca, Sr, and Ba, are shown to be able to exchange lead in the perovskite structure. The three alkaline-earth perovskites, C H3N H3Ca I3,C H3N H3Sr I3 , and C H3N H3Ba I3 , as well as the reference compound, C H3N H3Pb I3 , are in this paper investigated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which predict these compounds to exist as stable perovskite materials, and their electronic properties are explored. A detailed analysis of the projected molecular orbital density of states and electronic band structure from DFT calculations were used for interpretation of the band-gap variations in these materials and for estimation of the effective masses of the electrons and holes. Neglecting spin-orbit effects, the band gap of MACa I3,MASr I3 , and MABa I3 were estimated to be 2.95, 3.6, and 3.3 eV, respectively, showing the relative change expected for metal cation exchange. The shifts in the conduction band (CB) edges for the alkaline-earth perovskites were quantified using scalar relativistic DFT calculations and tight-binding analysis, and were compared to the situation in the more extensively studied lead halide perovskite, C H3N H3Pb I3 , where the change in the work function of the metal is the single most important factor in tuning the CB edge and band gap. The results show that alkaline-earth-based organometallic perovskites will not work as an efficient light absorber in photovoltaic applications but instead could be applicable as charge-selective contact materials. The rather high CB edge and the wide band gap together with the large

  11. Allelic Prevalence of ABO Blood Group Genes in Iranian Azari Population

    PubMed Central

    Nojavan, Mohammad; Shamsasenjan, Karrim; Movassaghpour, Ali Akbar; Akbarzadehlaleh, Parvin; Torabi, Seyd Esmail; Ghojazadeh, Morteza

    2012-01-01

    Introduction ABO blood group system is the most important blood group in transfusion and has been widely used in population studies. Several molecular techniques for ABO allele’s detection are widely used for distinguishing various alleles of glycosyl transferase locus on chromosome 9. Methods 744 randomly selected samples from Azari donors of East Azerbaijan province (Iran) were examined using well-adjusted multiplex allele- specific PCR ABO genotyping technique. Results The results were consistent for all individuals. The ABO blood group genotype of 744 healthy Azari blood donors was: 25.8% AA/AO (2), 7.6% AO (1), 1.6% BB, 11.3% B0 (1), 10% AB, 9.3% 0(1)0(1) and 15.3%0(1)0(2). The highest genotype frequency belonged to O01/O02 genotype (15.3%) and the lowest frequency belonged to A101/A102 genotype (0.4%). Conclusions: The frequencies of ABO alleles didn’t show significant differences between East Azerbaijan province population and that of other areas of the country. Meanwhile, statistical analysis of frequencies of A and B alleles between East Azerbaijan province population and neighbor countries showed significant differences whereas the frequency of allele O between them did not show significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions The frequencies of ABO alleles didn’t show significant differences between East Azerbaijan province population and that of other areas of the country. Meanwhile, statistical analysis of frequencies of A and B alleles between East Azerbaijan province population and neighbor countries showed significant differences whereas the frequency of allele O between them did not show significant difference (P>0.05). PMID:23678461

  12. Depletion region effect of highly efficient hole conductor free CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells.

    PubMed

    Aharon, Sigalit; Gamliel, Shany; El Cohen, Bat; Etgar, Lioz

    2014-06-14

    The inorganic-organic perovskite is currently attracting a lot of attention due to its use as a light harvester in solar cells. The large absorption coefficients, high carrier mobility and good stability of organo-lead halide perovskites present good potential for their use as light harvesters in mesoscopic heterojunction solar cells. This work concentrated on a unique property of the lead halide perovskite, its function simultaneously as a light harvester and a hole conductor in the solar cell. A two-step deposition technique was used to optimize the perovskite deposition and to enhance the solar cell efficiency. It was revealed that the photovoltaic performance of the hole conductor free perovskite solar cell is strongly dependent on the depletion layer width which was created at the TiO2-CH3NH3PbI3 junction. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that there were no changes in the crystallographic structure of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite over time, which supports the high stability of these hole conductor free perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency of the best cells reached 10.85% with a fill factor of 68%, a Voc of 0.84 V, and a Jsc of 19 mA cm(-2), the highest efficiency to date of a hole conductor free perovskite solar cell.

  13. Compound ultrarefractory CAI-bearing inclusions from CV3 carbonaceous chondrites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ivanova, Marina A.; Krot, Alexander N.; Nagashima, Kazuhide; MacPherson, Glenn J.

    2012-12-01

    type</span>="main">Abstract-Two <span class="hlt">compound</span> calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), <span class="hlt">3</span>N from the oxidized CV chondrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 3118 and 33E from the reduced CV chondrite Efremovka, contain ultrarefractory (UR) inclusions. <span class="hlt">3</span>N is a forsterite-bearing <span class="hlt">type</span> B (FoB) CAI that encloses UR inclusion <span class="hlt">3</span>N-24 composed of Zr,Sc,Y-rich oxides, Y-rich <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>, and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopside. 33E contains a fluffy <span class="hlt">type</span> A (FTA) CAI and UR CAI 33E-1, surrounded by Wark-Lovering rim layers of spinel, Al-diopside, and forsterite, and a common forsterite-rich accretionary rim. 33E-1 is composed of Zr,Sc,Y-rich oxides, Y-rich <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>, Zr,Sc,Y-rich pyroxenes (Al,Ti-diopside, Sc-rich pyroxene), and gehlenite. <span class="hlt">3</span>N-24's UR oxides and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopsides are 16O-poor (Δ17O approximately -2‰ to -5‰). Spinel in <span class="hlt">3</span>N-24 and spinel and Al-diopside in the FoB CAI are 16O-rich (Δ17O approximately -23 ± 2‰). 33E-1's UR oxides and Zr,Sc-rich Al,Ti-diopsides are 16O-depleted (Δ17O approximately -2‰ to -5‰) vs. Al,Ti-diopside of the FTA CAI and spinel (Δ17O approximately -23 ± 2‰), and Wark-Lovering rim Al,Ti-diopside (Δ17O approximately -7‰ to -19‰). We infer that the inclusions experienced multistage formation in nebular regions with different oxygen-isotope compositions. <span class="hlt">3</span>N-24 and 33E-1's precursors formed by evaporation/condensation above 1600 °C. <span class="hlt">3</span>N and 33E's precursors formed by condensation and melting (<span class="hlt">3</span>N only) at significantly lower temperatures. <span class="hlt">3</span>N-24 and <span class="hlt">3</span>N's precursors aggregated into a <span class="hlt">compound</span> object and experienced partial melting and thermal annealing. 33E-1 and 33E avoided melting prior to and after aggregation. They acquired Wark-Lovering and common forsterite-rich accretionary rims, probably by condensation, followed by thermal annealing. We suggest <span class="hlt">3</span>N-24 and 33E-1 originated in a 16O-rich gaseous reservoir and subsequently experienced isotope exchange in a 16O-poor gaseous reservoir. Mechanism and timing of oxygen-isotope exchange remain</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25754241','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25754241"><span>Outcomes after <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible heart transplantation in adults: A registry study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bergenfeldt, Henrik; Andersson, Bodil; Bućin, Dragan; Stehlik, Josef; Edwards, Leah; Rådegran, Göran; Nilsson, Johan</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>In the past, <span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatibility was considered an absolute contraindication to heart transplantation (HT) in adults. Advances in <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible HT in pediatric patients and <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible abdominal transplantation in adult patients have led to clinical exploration of intentional <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible HT in adults. However, it is not well known how outcomes in <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible adult heart transplant recipients compare with outcomes in <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible recipients. We analyzed International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation transplant registry data from heart donors and recipients ≥18 years old at the time of transplant for HT performed between 1988 and 2011. We compared baseline characteristics and post-transplant outcomes in <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible and <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible HT. Death or retransplantation was the composite primary end-point. Among 76,663 adult patients undergoing HT between 1988 and June 30, 2011, 94 <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible heart transplants were performed. The incidence of death or retransplantation in the <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible group was higher than in the <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible group: 21% vs 9% at 30 days (hazard ratio = 2.38, p < 0.001) and 36% vs 19% at 1 year after transplant. However, <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible grafts surviving past the first year after transplant had a similar incidence of failure compared with the <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible group. After 2005, the rate <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible HT in adults increased, likely as a result of planned, intentional (rather than accidental) <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible HT. In this group of patients, short-term and long-term incidence of death or retransplantation was similar to <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible recipients (p = 0.822): 7% at 30 days and 19% at 1 year after transplantation. We found no difference in incidence of death or retransplantation between <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible and <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible HT in patients who underwent transplantation after 2005. Copyright © 2015 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28019030','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28019030"><span>Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress <span class="hlt">ABO</span> transcription in vitro, leading to reduced expression of the antigens.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Takahashi, Yoichiro; Kubo, Rieko; Sano, Rie; Nakajima, Tamiko; Takahashi, Keiko; Kobayashi, Momoko; Handa, Hiroshi; Tsukada, Junichi; Kominato, Yoshihiko</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">ABO</span> system is of fundamental importance in the fields of transfusion and transplantation and has apparent associations with certain diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. <span class="hlt">ABO</span> expression is reduced in the late phase of erythroid differentiation in vitro, whereas histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are known to promote cell differentiation. Therefore, whether or not HDACIs could reduce the amount of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> transcripts and A or B antigens is an intriguing issue. Quantitative polymerase chain reactions were carried out for the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> transcripts in erythroid-lineage K562 and epithelial-lineage KATOIII cells after incubation with HDACIs, such as sodium butyrate, panobinostat, vorinostat, and sodium valproate. Flow cytometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the amounts of antigen in KATOIII cells treated with panobinostat. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and luciferase assays were performed on both cell <span class="hlt">types</span> to examine the mechanisms of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> suppression. HDACIs reduced the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> transcripts in both K562 and KATOIII cells, with panobinostat exerting the most significant effect. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a decrease in B-antigen expression on panobinostat-treated KATOIII cells. ChIP assays indicated that panobinostat altered the modification of histones in the transcriptional regulatory regions of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>, and luciferase assays demonstrated reduced activity of these elements. <span class="hlt">ABO</span> transcription seems to be regulated by an epigenetic mechanism. Panobinostat appears to suppress <span class="hlt">ABO</span> transcription, reducing the amount of antigens on the surface of cultured cells. © 2016 AABB.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4450368','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4450368"><span>Water-Gas Shift and Methane Reactivity on Reducible <span class="hlt">Perovskite-Type</span> Oxides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Comparative (electro)catalytic, structural, and spectroscopic studies in hydrogen electro-oxidation, the (inverse) water-gas shift reaction, and methane conversion on two representative mixed ionic–electronic conducting <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> materials La0.6Sr0.4FeO<span class="hlt">3</span>−δ (LSF) and SrTi0.7Fe0.<span class="hlt">3</span>O<span class="hlt">3</span>−δ (STF) were performed with the aim of eventually correlating (electro)catalytic activity and associated structural changes and to highlight intrinsic reactivity characteristics as a function of the reduction state. Starting from a strongly prereduced (vacancy-rich) initial state, only (inverse) water-gas shift activity has been observed on both materials beyond ca. 450 °C but no catalytic methane reforming or methane decomposition reactivity up to 600 °C. In contrast, when starting from the fully oxidized state, total methane oxidation to CO2 was observed on both materials. The catalytic performance of both <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> oxides is thus strongly dependent on the degree/depth of reduction, on the associated reactivity of the remaining lattice oxygen, and on the reduction-induced oxygen vacancies. The latter are clearly more reactive toward water on LSF, and this higher reactivity is linked to the superior electrocatalytic performance of LSF in hydrogen oxidation. Combined electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman measurements in turn also revealed altered surface and bulk structures and reactivities. PMID:26045733</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721625','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721625"><span>Determination of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood grouping and Rhesus factor from tooth material.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kumar, Pooja Vijay; Vanishree, M; Anila, K; Hunasgi, Santosh; Suryadevra, Sri Sujan; Kardalkar, Swetha</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The aim of the study was to determine blood groups and Rhesus factor from dentin and pulp using absorption-elution (AE) technique in different time periods at 0, <span class="hlt">3</span>, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. A total of 150 cases, 30 patients each at 0, <span class="hlt">3</span>, 6, 9 and 12 months were included in the study. The samples consisted of males and females with age ranging 13-60 years. Patient's blood group was checked and was considered as "control." The dentin and pulp of extracted teeth were tested for the presence of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>/Rh antigen, at respective time periods by AE technique. Data were analyzed in proportion. For comparison, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for the small sample. Blood group antigens of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh factor were detected in dentin and pulp up to 12 months. For both <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh factor, dentin and pulp showed 100% sensitivity for the samples tested at 0 month and showed a gradual decrease in the sensitivity as time period increased. The sensitivity of pulp was better than dentin for both the blood grouping systems and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group antigens were better detected than Rh antigens. In dentin and pulp, the antigens of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh factor were detected up to 12 months but showed a progressive decrease in the antigenicity as the time period increased. When compared the results obtained of dentin and pulp in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh factor grouping showed similar results with no statistical significance. The sensitivity of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood grouping was better than Rh factor blood grouping and showed a statistically significant result.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28401678','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28401678"><span>A and B antigen levels acquired by group O donor-derived erythrocytes following <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-non-identical transfusion or minor <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hult, A K; Dykes, J H; Storry, J R; Olsson, M L</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) presents a challenge to blood component transfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the weak blood group A or B antigen expression by donor-derived group O red blood cells (RBC) observed following transfusion or minor <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible HSCT. In addition, in vitro experiments were performed to elucidate possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. A sensitive flow cytometry assay for the semi-quantification of RBC A/B antigen levels was used to assess patient samples and evaluate in vitro experiments. Analysis of blood samples from patients, originally <span class="hlt">typed</span> as A, B and AB but recently transplanted or transfused with cells from group O donors, revealed the A antigen expression on donor-derived RBC, ranging from very low levels in non-secretor individuals to almost subgroup A x -like profiles in group A secretors. The B antigen expression was less readily detectable. In vitro experiments, in which group O donor RBC were incubated with (i) group A/B secretor/non-secretor donor plasma or (ii) group A/B donor RBC in the absence of plasma, supported the proposed adsorption of A/B antigen-bearing glycolipids from secretor plasma but also indicated a secretor-independent mechanism for A/B antigen acquisition as well as direct cell-to-cell transfer of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> antigens. The in vivo conversion of donor-derived blood group O RBC to <span class="hlt">ABO</span> subgroup-like RBC after transfusion or minor <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible HSCT raises the question of appropriate component selection. Based on these data, AB plasma should be transfused following <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible HSCT. © 2017 British Blood Transfusion Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5052574','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5052574"><span>High-Throughput Design of Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Systems Based on Polar/Nonpolar <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Oxide Heterostructures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yang, Kesong; Nazir, Safdar; Behtash, Maziar; Cheng, Jianli</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at the interface between two insulating oxides such as LaAlO<span class="hlt">3</span> and SrTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> (STO) is of fundamental and practical interest because of its novel interfacial conductivity and its promising applications in next-generation nanoelectronic devices. Here we show that a group of combinatorial descriptors that characterize the polar character, lattice mismatch, band gap, and the band alignment between the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-oxide-based band insulators and the STO substrate, can be introduced to realize a high-throughput (HT) design of SrTiO<span class="hlt">3</span>-based 2DEG systems from <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide quantum database. Equipped with these combinatorial descriptors, we have carried out a HT screening of all the polar <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span>, uncovering 42 <span class="hlt">compounds</span> of potential interests. Of these, Al-, Ga-, Sc-, and Ta-based <span class="hlt">compounds</span> can form a 2DEG with STO, while In-based <span class="hlt">compounds</span> exhibit a strain-induced strong polarization when deposited on STO substrate. In particular, the Ta-based <span class="hlt">compounds</span> can form 2DEG with potentially high electron mobility at (TaO2)+/(SrO)0 interface. Our approach, by defining materials descriptors solely based on the bulk materials properties, and by relying on the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-oriented quantum materials repository, opens new avenues for the discovery of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-oxide-based functional interface materials in a HT fashion. PMID:27708415</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991976','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23991976"><span>Relationships between skin cancers and blood groups--link between non-melanomas and <span class="hlt">ABO</span>/Rh factors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cihan, Yasemin Benderli; Baykan, Halit; Kavuncuoglu, Erhan; Mutlu, Hasan; Kucukoglu, Mehmet Burhan; Ozyurt, Kemal; Oguz, Arzu</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>This investigation focused on possible relationships between skin cancers and <span class="hlt">ABO</span>/Rh blood groups. Between January 2005 and December 2012, medical data of 255 patients with skin cancers who were admitted to Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Radiation Oncology and Plastic Surgery Outpatient Clinics were retrospectively analyzed. Blood groups of these patients were recorded. The control group consisted of 25701 healthy volunteers who were admitted to Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Blood Donation Center between January 2010 and December 2011. The distribution of the blood groups of the patients with skin cancers was compared to the distribution of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>/Rh blood groups of healthy controls. The association of the histopathological subtypes of skin cancer with the blood groups was also investigated. Of the patients, 50.2% had A <span class="hlt">type</span>, 26.<span class="hlt">3</span>% had O <span class="hlt">type</span>, 16.1% had B <span class="hlt">type</span>, and 7.5% had AB blood group with a positive Rh (+) in 77.<span class="hlt">3</span>%. Of the controls, 44.<span class="hlt">3</span>% had A <span class="hlt">type</span>, 31.5% had 0 <span class="hlt">type</span>, 16.1% had B <span class="hlt">type</span>, and 8.1% had AB blood group with a positive Rh (+) in 87.8%. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of blood groups and Rh factors (A Rh (-) and 0 Rh positive) between the patients and controls. A total of 36.8% and 20.4% of the patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) had A Rh (+) and B Rh (+), respectively, while 39.2% and 27.6% of the controls had A Rh (+) and B Rh (+), respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the patients with BCC and controls in terms of A Rh (-) (p=0.001). Our study results demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between non-melanoma skin cancer and <span class="hlt">ABO</span>/Rh factors.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JETP..114..955Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JETP..114..955Z"><span>Ferroelectric and structural instability in double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> Me1+Bi<span class="hlt">3</span>+Me<span class="hlt">3</span>+Nb5+O6 (Me1+ = Na, K, Rb; Me<span class="hlt">3</span>+ = Sc, Ga, In, Lu)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zinenko, V. I.; Zamkova, N. G.; Zhandun, V. S.; Pavlovskii, M. S.</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>Within the Gordon-Kim generalized model with regard to the polarizabilities of ions, the lattice constants, the high-frequency permittivity, the Born dynamic charges, and the vibration constants of the crystal lattice are calculated for cation-ordered double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> Me1+Bi<span class="hlt">3</span>+Me<span class="hlt">3</span>+Nb5+O6. The vibration spectra of all the <span class="hlt">compounds</span> exhibit two <span class="hlt">types</span> of instabilities: instability associated with the rotation of the oxygen octahedron and ferroelectric instability. Various combinations of distortions with respect to the rotation mode yield five energetically most favorable distorted phases. The symmetry and the energy characteristics of these phases are discussed. In four of the five phases, the distortions associated with the oxygen octahedron rotation lead to polar phases, thus allowing one to speak of improper ferroelectricity in these <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. One phase turns out to be nonpolar; however, it contains unstable polar modes such that a displacement along the eigenvectors of these modes gives rise to polarization in the crystal.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25478445','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25478445"><span>Comparison of Lip Print Patterns in Two Indian Subpopulations and Its Correlation in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> Blood Groups.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sr, Ashwinirani; Suragimath, Girish; Sande, Abhijeet R; Kulkarni, Prasad; Nimbal, Anand; Shankar, T; Gowd, T Snigdha; Shetty, Prajwal K</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>The study of lip-print pattern (cheiloscopy) is a scientific method for personal identification and plays a major role in forensic and criminal investigations. To compare the lip print patterns in Kerala and Maharashtra population and correlate between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups. Two hundred subjects, 100 from Maharashtra and 100 from Kerala were considered for the study. Lip prints were recorded, analyzed according to Tsuchihashi classification. The lip print patterns were compared in the two populations, correlated in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups. The data obtained was statistically analyzed with SPSS software using chi-square test. In our study, predominant lip print pattern observed in Kerala population was <span class="hlt">type</span> IV (53%) and Maharashtra population was <span class="hlt">type</span> II (42%). The difference between the two population was statistically significant (p<0.001). Subjects with A+ and O- blood groups had <span class="hlt">type</span> II lip print predominance. Subjects with B+, AB+ and O+ blood groups had <span class="hlt">type</span> IV predominance. The lip print patterns do not show any correlation in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups. Lip prints are unique to each individual and are different even in two persons. Lip print patterns were different in the two sub populations studied, and they showed no correlation in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5892219','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5892219"><span>Association of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> Blood Group and Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Ghanaian Population</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Smith, Samuel; Abaidoo, Chrissie Stansie</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and body mass index (BMI) have individually been appraised as risk factors for certain diseases. From statistical perspective, it may be important to examine the relationship between the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood antigen and BMI. This cross-sectional study involved 412 participants aged 18 to 46 at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi. Weight and height of participants were measured for BMI calculation; blood group determination was done using antisera. Blood group O was the most prevalent (51.2%), while Rhesus-positive individuals constituted 90.<span class="hlt">3</span>%. 6.<span class="hlt">3</span>% of the participants were obese, while 18.7% were overweight. There was significant (p=0.006) higher prevalence of obesity in females (10.<span class="hlt">3</span>%) than in males (<span class="hlt">3</span>.4%). The study did not observe any significant difference by association of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group with gender (p=0.973), BMI (p=0.307), or Rhesus status (p=0.723). Regarding gender (p=0.400) and BMI (p=0.197), no statistically significant difference was observed between Rhesus blood groups. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O, and rhesus positive observed among students in this study is largely similar to what has been reported in published studies in Ghana and from other countries. Overweight and obesity were not associated with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups or Rhesus in this study. PMID:29780641</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28437033','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28437033"><span>Electrical Stress Influences the Efficiency of CH<span class="hlt">3</span> NH<span class="hlt">3</span> PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Light Emitting Devices.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhao, Lianfeng; Gao, Jia; Lin, YunHui L; Yeh, Yao-Wen; Lee, Kyung Min; Yao, Nan; Loo, Yueh-Lin; Rand, Barry P</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Organic-inorganic hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials are emerging as semiconductors with potential application in optoelectronic devices. In particular, <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are very promising for light-emitting devices (LEDs) due to their high color purity, low nonradiative recombination rates, and tunable bandgap. Here, using pure CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> LEDs with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.9% as a platform, it is shown that electrical stress can influence device performance significantly, increasing the EQE from an initial 5.9% to as high as 7.4%. Consistent with the enhanced device performance, both the steady-state photoluminescence (PL) intensity and the time-resolved PL decay lifetime increase after electrical stress, indicating a reduction in nonradiative recombination in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film. By investigating the temperature-dependent characteristics of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> LEDs and the cross-sectional elemental depth profile, it is proposed that trap reduction and resulting device-performance enhancement is due to local ionic motion of excess ions, likely excess mobile iodide, in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film that fills vacancies and reduces interstitial defects. On the other hand, it is found that overstressed LEDs show irreversibly degraded device performance, possibly because ions initially on the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> lattice are displaced during extended electrical stress and create defects such as vacancies. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5621977','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5621977"><span>Bication lead iodide 2D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> component to stabilize inorganic α-CsPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase for high-efficiency solar cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhang, Taiyang; Dar, M. Ibrahim; Li, Ge; Xu, Feng; Guo, Nanjie; Grätzel, Michael; Zhao, Yixin</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Among various all-inorganic halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> exhibiting better stability than organic-inorganic halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, α-CsPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> with the most suitable band gap for tandem solar cell application faces an issue of phase instability under ambient conditions. We discovered that a small amount of two-dimensional (2D) EDAPbI4 <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> containing the ethylenediamine (EDA) cation stabilizes the α-CsPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> to avoid the undesirable formation of the nonperovskite δ phase. Moreover, not only the 2D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> of EDAPbI4 facilitate the formation of α-CsPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films exhibiting high phase stability at room temperature for months and at 100°C for >150 hours but also the α-CsPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs) display highly reproducible efficiency of 11.8%, a record for all-inorganic lead halide PSCs. Therefore, using the bication EDA presents a novel and promising strategy to design all-inorganic lead halide PSCs with high performance and reliability. PMID:28975149</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5051308','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5051308"><span>Determination of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood grouping and Rhesus factor from tooth material</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kumar, Pooja Vijay; Vanishree, M; Anila, K; Hunasgi, Santosh; Suryadevra, Sri Sujan; Kardalkar, Swetha</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Objective: The aim of the study was to determine blood groups and Rhesus factor from dentin and pulp using absorption-elution (AE) technique in different time periods at 0, <span class="hlt">3</span>, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 cases, 30 patients each at 0, <span class="hlt">3</span>, 6, 9 and 12 months were included in the study. The samples consisted of males and females with age ranging 13–60 years. Patient's blood group was checked and was considered as “control.” The dentin and pulp of extracted teeth were tested for the presence of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>/Rh antigen, at respective time periods by AE technique. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed in proportion. For comparison, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for the small sample. Results: Blood group antigens of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh factor were detected in dentin and pulp up to 12 months. For both <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh factor, dentin and pulp showed 100% sensitivity for the samples tested at 0 month and showed a gradual decrease in the sensitivity as time period increased. The sensitivity of pulp was better than dentin for both the blood grouping systems and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group antigens were better detected than Rh antigens. Conclusion: In dentin and pulp, the antigens of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh factor were detected up to 12 months but showed a progressive decrease in the antigenicity as the time period increased. When compared the results obtained of dentin and pulp in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh factor grouping showed similar results with no statistical significance. The sensitivity of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood grouping was better than Rh factor blood grouping and showed a statistically significant result. PMID:27721625</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29536736','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29536736"><span>Mixed Sn-Ge <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> for Enhanced <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cell Performance in Air.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ito, Nozomi; Kamarudin, Muhammad Akmal; Hirotani, Daisuke; Zhang, Yaohong; Shen, Qing; Ogomi, Yuhei; Iikubo, Satoshi; Minemoto, Takashi; Yoshino, Kenji; Hayase, Shuzi</p> <p>2018-04-05</p> <p>Lead-based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells have gained ground in recent years, showing efficiency as high as 20%, which is on par with that of silicon solar cells. However, the toxicity of lead makes it a nonideal candidate for use in solar cells. Alternatively, tin-based <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have been proposed because of their nontoxic nature and abundance. Unfortunately, these solar cells suffer from low efficiency and stability. Here, we propose a new <span class="hlt">type</span> of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> material based on mixed tin and germanium. The material showed a band gap around 1.4-1.5 eV as measured from photoacoustic spectroscopy, which is ideal from the perspective of solar cells. In a solar cell device with inverted planar structure, pure tin <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell showed a moderate efficiency of <span class="hlt">3</span>.31%. With 5% doping of germanium into the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>, the efficiency improved up to 4.48% (6.90% after 72 h) when measured in air without encapsulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29232150','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29232150"><span>Unusual Ferroelectricity in Two-Dimensional <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Oxide Thin Films.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lu, Jinlian; Luo, Wei; Feng, Junsheng; Xiang, Hongjun</p> <p>2018-01-10</p> <p>Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectricity have attracted much attention due to their applications in novel miniaturized devices such as nonvolatile memories, field effect transistors, and sensors. Since most of the commercial ferroelectric (FE) devices are based on <span class="hlt">ABO</span> <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides, it is important to investigate the properties of 2D ferroelectricity in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide thin films. Here, based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we find that there exist three kinds of in-plane FE states that originate from different microscopic mechanisms: (i) a proper FE state with the polarization along [110] due to the second-order Jahn-Teller effect related to the B ion with empty d-orbitals; (ii) a robust FE state with the polarization along [100] induced by the surface effect; (iii) a hybrid improper FE state with the polarization along [110] that is induced by the trilinear coupling between two rotational modes and the A-site displacement. Interestingly, the ferroelectricity in the latter two cases becomes stronger along with decreasing the thin film thickness, in contrast to the usual behavior. Moreover, the latter two FE states are compatible with magnetism since their stability does not depend on the occupation of the d-orbitals of the B-ion. These two novel 2D FE mechanisms provide new avenues to design 2D multiferroics, as we demonstrated in SrVO and CaFeO thin film cases. Our work not only reveals new physical mechanisms of 2D ferroelectricity in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide thin films but also provides a new route to design the high-performance 2D FE and multiferroics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JSSCh.146..291P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JSSCh.146..291P"><span><span class="hlt">Perovskite-Type</span> Oxides. I. Structural, Magnetic, and Morphological Properties of LaMn 1- xCu xO <span class="hlt">3</span> and LaCo 1- xCu xO <span class="hlt">3</span> Solid Solutions with Large Surface Area</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Porta, Piero; De Rossi, Sergio; Faticanti, Marco; Minelli, Giuliano; Pettiti, Ida; Lisi, Luciana; Turco, Maria</p> <p>1999-09-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite-type</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span> of general formula LaMn1-xCuxO<span class="hlt">3</span> and LaCo1-xCuxO<span class="hlt">3</span> (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) were prepared by calcining the citrate gel precursors at 823, 923, and 1073 K. The decomposition of the precursors was followed by thermal analysis and the oxides were investigated by means of elemental analysis (atomic absorption and redox titration), X-ray powder diffraction, BET surface area, X-ray absorption (EXAFS and XANES), electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and magnetic susceptibility. LaMn1-xCuxO<span class="hlt">3</span> samples are <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-like single phases up to x=0.6. At x=0.8 CuO and La2CuO4 phases are present in addition to <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. For x=1.0 the material is formed by CuO and La2CuO4. Mn(IV) was found by redox titration in all Mn-based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> samples, its fraction increasing with the increase in copper content. EXAFS and XANES analyses confirmed the presence of Mn(IV). Cation vacancies in equal amounts in the 12-coordinated A and octahedral B sites are suggested in the samples with x=0.0 and x=0.2, while for x=0.6 anionic vacancies are present. Materials with sufficiently high surface area (22-36 m2 g-1 for samples fired at 923 K and 14-22 m2 g-1 for those fired at 1073 K) were obtained. Crystallite sizes in the ranges 390-500 and 590-940 Å for samples calcined at 923 and 1073 K, respectively, were determined from the FWHM of the (102) X-ray diffraction peak. TEM patterns of LaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> showed almost regular hexagonal prismatic crystals with sizes of the same order of magnitude (800 Å) of those drawn from X-ray diffraction, while no evidence of defect clustering was drawn out from TEM and electron diffraction images. For the sample with x=0.6, TEM and electron diffraction patterns revealed perturbation of the structure. Magnetic susceptibility studies show a ferromagnetic behavior that decreases with increase in x. LaCo1-xCuxO<span class="hlt">3</span> samples are <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-like single phases up to x=0.2. For x=0.4 a small amount of La2CuO4, in addition to <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>, is detected. For</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22658184-charge-disproportionation-perovskite-structure-oxide-la-sub-ca-sub-feo-sub-unusually-high-valence-fe-sup','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22658184-charge-disproportionation-perovskite-structure-oxide-la-sub-ca-sub-feo-sub-unusually-high-valence-fe-sup"><span>2:1 Charge disproportionation in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-structure oxide La{sub 1/<span class="hlt">3</span>}Ca{sub 2/<span class="hlt">3</span>}FeO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} with unusually-high-valence Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>.67+}</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Guo, Haichuan; Hosaka, Yoshiteru; Seki, Hayato</p> <p></p> <p>La{sub 1/<span class="hlt">3</span>}Ca{sub 2/<span class="hlt">3</span>}FeO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} with unusually-high-valence Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>.67+} was synthesized at a high pressure and high temperature. The <span class="hlt">compound</span> crystallizes in a √2a×2a×√2a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> cell in which the La and Ca ions at the A site are disordered. At 217 K the Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>.67+} shows charge disproportionation to Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} and Fe{sup 5+} in a ratio of 2:1, and this disproportionation is accompanied by transitions in magnetic and transport properties. The charge-disproportionated Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} and Fe{sup 5+} are arranged along the <111> direction of the cubic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> cell. The local electronic and magnetic environments of Fe in La{sub 1/<span class="hlt">3</span>}Ca{sub 2/<span class="hlt">3</span>}FeO{submore » <span class="hlt">3</span>} are quite similar to those of Fe in La{sub 1/<span class="hlt">3</span>}Sr{sub 2/<span class="hlt">3</span>}FeO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}, and the 2:1 charge disproportionation pattern of Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} and Fe{sup 5+} in La{sub 1/<span class="hlt">3</span>}Ca{sub 2/<span class="hlt">3</span>}FeO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} is also the same as that in La{sub 1/<span class="hlt">3</span>}Sr{sub 2/<span class="hlt">3</span>}FeO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}. - Graphical abstract: The <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-structure oxide La{sub 1/<span class="hlt">3</span>}Ca{sub 2/<span class="hlt">3</span>}FeO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} with unusually-high-valence Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>.67+} shows charge disproportionation to Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} and Fe{sup 5+} in a ratio of 2:1, and the charge-disproportionated Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} and Fe{sup 5+} are arranged along the <111> direction of the cubic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> cell. - Highlights: • La{sub 1/<span class="hlt">3</span>}Ca{sub 2/<span class="hlt">3</span>}FeO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} with unusually-high-valence Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>.67+} was synthesized at a high pressure and high temperature. • At 217 K the Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>.67+} shows charge disproportionation (CD) to Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} and Fe{sup 5+} in a ratio of 2:1. • The charge-disproportionated Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} and Fe{sup 5+} are arranged along the <111> direction of the cubic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> cell. • The disproportionation is accompanied by transitions in magnetic and transport properties.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4726173','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4726173"><span>Orbital Delocalization and Enhancement of Magnetic Interactions in <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Oxyhydrides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Liu, Kai; Hou, Yusheng; Gong, Xingao; Xiang, Hongjun</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Recent experiments showed that some <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxyhydrides have surprisingly high magnetic-transition temperature. In order to unveil the origin of this interesting phenomenon, we investigate the magnetism in SrCrO2H and SrVO2H on the basis of first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Our work indicates that the Cr-O-Cr superexchange interaction in SrCrO2H is unexpectedly strong. Different from the previous explanation in terms of the H− ion substitution induced increase of the Cr-O-Cr bond angle, we reveal instead that this is mainly because the <span class="hlt">3</span>d orbitals in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxyhydrides becomes more delocalized since H− ions have weaker electronegativity and less electrons than O2− ions. The delocalized <span class="hlt">3</span>d orbitals result in stronger Cr-O interactions and enhance the magnetic-transition temperature. This novel mechanism is also applicable to the case of SrVO2H. Furthermore, we predict that SrFeO2H will have unprecedented high Neel temperature because of the extraordinarily strong Fe-H-Fe σ-<span class="hlt">type</span> interactions. Our work suggests the anion substitution can be used to effectively manipulate the magnetic properties of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. PMID:26804825</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26754551','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26754551"><span>Lead Halide <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Photovoltaic as a Model p-i-n Diode.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Miyano, Kenjiro; Tripathi, Neeti; Yanagida, Masatoshi; Shirai, Yasuhiro</p> <p>2016-02-16</p> <p>The lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> photovoltaic cells, especially the iodide <span class="hlt">compound</span> CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> family, exhibited enormous progress in the energy conversion efficiency in the past few years. Although the first attempt to use the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> was as a sensitizer in a dye-sensitized solar cell, it has been recognized at the early stage of the development that the working of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> photovoltaics is akin to that of the inorganic thin film solar cells. In fact, theoretically <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is always treated as an ordinary direct band gap semiconductor and hence the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> photovoltaics as a p-i-n diode. Despite this recognition, research effort along this line of thought is still in pieces and incomplete. Different measurements have been applied to different <span class="hlt">types</span> of devices (different not only in the materials but also in the cell structures), making it difficult to have a coherent picture. To make the situation worse, the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> photovoltaics have been plagued by the irreproducible optoelectronic properties, most notably the sweep direction dependent current-voltage relationship, the hysteresis problem. Under such circumstances, it is naturally very difficult to analyze the data. Therefore, we set out to make hysteresis-free samples and apply time-tested models and numerical tools developed in the field of inorganic semiconductors. A series of electrical measurements have been performed on one <span class="hlt">type</span> of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> photovoltaic cells, in which a special attention was paid to ensure that their electronic reproducibility was better than the fitting error in the numerical analysis. The data can be quantitatively explained in terms of the established models of inorganic semiconductors: current/voltage relationship can be very well described by a two-diode model, while impedance spectroscopy revealed the presence of a thick intrinsic layer with the help of a numerical solver, SCAPS, developed for thin film solar cell analysis. These results point to that CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> is an</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22968508','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22968508"><span>[The kidney transplantation from the <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible donors].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Goriaĭnov, V A; Kaabak, M M; Babenko, N N; Shishlo, L A; Morozova, M M; Ragimov, A A; Dashkova, N G; Salimov, É L</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The experience of 28 allotransplantations of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible kidneys was compared with the treatment results of 38 <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible renal transplantations. The transplanted kidney function, morphological changes of the transplanted kidney and the comparative analysis of actuary survival in both groups showed no significant difference. The results of the study prove the validity of the kidney transplantation from the <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible donors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JSSCh.148..492M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JSSCh.148..492M"><span>Synthesis and Thermodynamic Stability of Ba2B‧B″O6 and Ba<span class="hlt">3</span>B*B″2O9 <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> Using the Molten Salt Method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Meng, Wei; Virkar, Anil V.</p> <p>1999-12-01</p> <p>A number of mixed <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> of the <span class="hlt">types</span> Ba2B‧B″O6 (BaB‧1/2B″1/2O<span class="hlt">3</span>) and Ba<span class="hlt">3</span>B*B″2O9 (BaB*1/<span class="hlt">3</span>B″2/<span class="hlt">3</span>O<span class="hlt">3</span>) where B‧=Gd, La, Nd, Sm, or Y; B″=Nb and B*=Ca were synthesized by a conventional calcination process, as well as by the molten salt method. The former consists of calcining appropriate mixtures of oxide or carbonate precursors in air at elevated temperatures (∼1250°C). The latter method consists of adding appropriate mixtures of oxide or carbonate precursors to a molten salt bath at relatively low temperatures (on the order of 300 to 500°C) so that the requisite <span class="hlt">compound</span> is formed by dissolution-reprecipitation. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a single-phase <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> in each case with calcination at 1250°C. In a molten salt bath, however, all except Ba2LaNbO6 and Ba2NdNbO6 formed the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure. On the contrary, powders of Ba2LaNbO6 and Ba2NdNbO6 formed by a high-temperature calcination process readily decomposed when introduced into the molten salt bath. The formation of the requisite <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> at a temperature as low as 350°C in a molten salt suggests that: (a) The <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is stable at 350°C. (b) The molten salt exhibits sufficient precursor solubility for the dissolution-reprecipitation process to occur in a reasonable time. Similarly, the decomposition of Ba2LaNbO6 and Ba2NdNbO6 in a molten salt bath shows that these materials are thermodynamically unstable at the temperature of the molten salt bath.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028138','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29028138"><span>2D Ruddlesden-Popper <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> for Optoelectronics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Yani; Sun, Yong; Peng, Jiajun; Tang, Junhui; Zheng, Kaibo; Liang, Ziqi</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Conventional <span class="hlt">3</span>D organic-inorganic halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have recently undergone unprecedented rapid development. Yet, their inherent instabilities over moisture, light, and heat remain a crucial challenge prior to the realization of commercialization. By contrast, the emerging 2D Ruddlesden-Popper-<span class="hlt">type</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have recently attracted increasing attention owing to their great environmental stability. However, the research of 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> is just in their infancy. In comparison to <span class="hlt">3</span>D analogues, they are natural quantum wells with a much larger exciton binding energy. Moreover, their inner structural, dielectric, optical, and excitonic properties remain to be largely explored, limiting further applications. This review begins with an introduction to 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, along with a detailed comparison to <span class="hlt">3</span>D counterparts. Then, a discussion of the organic spacer cation engineering of 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> is presented. Next, quasi-2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> that fall between <span class="hlt">3</span>D and 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are reviewed and compared. The unique excitonic properties, electron-phonon coupling, and polarons of 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are then be revealed. A range of their (opto)electronic applications is highlighted in each section. Finally, a summary is given, and the strategies toward structural design, growth control, and photophysics studies of 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> for high-performance electronic devices are rationalized. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...8.1926S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...8.1926S"><span>Photoluminescence characterisations of a dynamic aging process of organic-inorganic CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sheng, R.; Wen, X.; Huang, S.; Hao, X.; Chen, S.; Jiang, Y.; Deng, X.; Green, M. A.; Ho-Baillie, A. W. Y.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>After unprecedented development of organic-inorganic lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells over the past few years, one of the biggest barriers towards their commercialization is the stability of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> material. It is thus important to understand the interaction between the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> material and oxygen and/or humidity and the associated degradation process in order to improve device and encapsulation design for better durability. Here we characterize the dynamic aging process in vapour-assisted deposited (VASP) CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> thin films using advanced optical techniques, such as time-resolved photoluminescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Our investigation reveals that the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> grains grow spontaneously and the larger grains are formed at room temperature in the presence of moisture and oxygen. This crystallization process leads to a higher density of defects and a shorter carrier lifetime, specifically in the larger grains. Excitation-intensity-dependent steady-state photoluminescence shows both N2 stored and aged <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> exhibit a super-linear increase of photoluminescence intensity with increasing excitation intensity; and the larger slope in aged sample suggests a larger density of defects is generated, consistent with time-resolved PL measurements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4253263','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4253263"><span>Comparison of Lip Print Patterns in Two Indian Subpopulations and Its Correlation in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> Blood Groups</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Suragimath, Girish; Sande, Abhijeet R; Kulkarni, Prasad; Nimbal, Anand; Shankar, T.; Gowd, T. Snigdha; Shetty, Prajwal K</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background: The study of lip-print pattern (cheiloscopy) is a scientific method for personal identification and plays a major role in forensic and criminal investigations. Objective: To compare the lip print patterns in Kerala and Maharashtra population and correlate between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups. Materials and Methods: Two hundred subjects, 100 from Maharashtra and 100 from Kerala were considered for the study. Lip prints were recorded, analyzed according to Tsuchihashi classification. The lip print patterns were compared in the two populations, correlated in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups. The data obtained was statistically analyzed with SPSS software using chi-square test. Results: In our study, predominant lip print pattern observed in Kerala population was <span class="hlt">type</span> IV (53%) and Maharashtra population was <span class="hlt">type</span> II (42%). The difference between the two population was statistically significant (p<0.001). Subjects with A+ and O- blood groups had <span class="hlt">type</span> II lip print predominance. Subjects with B+, AB+ and O+ blood groups had <span class="hlt">type</span> IV predominance. The lip print patterns do not show any correlation in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups. Conclusion: Lip prints are unique to each individual and are different even in two persons. Lip print patterns were different in the two sub populations studied, and they showed no correlation in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups. PMID:25478445</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..MARX43007B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..MARX43007B"><span>Tracking BO6 Coupling in <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Superlattices to Engineer Magnetic Interface Behavior</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Borisevich, Albina; He, Qian; Ghosh, Saurabh; Moon, Eun Ju; May, Steve; Lupini, Andrew; Pantelides, Sokrates</p> <p></p> <p>In the past several years, control of BO6 octahedral coupling at <span class="hlt">ABO</span><span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> interfaces has emerged as a new tool for engineering of interface properties due to its strong coupling to polar and magnetic properties. High resolution data on tilt transitions at interfaces is instrumental for evaluating the validity of existing theoretical models and developing predictive theories. Recently, we have developed a unique method to investigate BO6 rotation patterns in complex oxides with unit cell resolution. Our method involves column shape analysis in ABF-STEM images of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> heterointerfaces taken in specific orientations. This method will allow us to determine local symmetry between adjacent unit cells, revealing the BO6 coupling behavior at heterointerfaces in <span class="hlt">3</span>D. This technique was used to characterize structure and predict properties via a combined STEM and DFT study of magnetic superlattice of La(Ca)MnO<span class="hlt">3</span>/La(Sr)MnO<span class="hlt">3</span> with different periodicities, which exhibit a range of electromagnetic coupling behaviors. We will also discuss the prospects for tilted structure determination using electron ptychography. The correlations among the BO6 rotation, domain size, superlattice periodicity and the electromagnetic coupling will be discussed in detail. Research supported by the MSED of the U.S.DOE, and through a user project at ORNL's CNMS, sponsored by the SUFD of the U.S. DOE.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JSSCh.181.2601L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JSSCh.181.2601L"><span>Long-range ordering in the Bi 1-xAe xFeO <span class="hlt">3</span>-x/2 <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>: Bi 1/<span class="hlt">3</span>Sr 2/<span class="hlt">3</span>FeO 2.67 and Bi 1/2Ca 1/2FeO 2.75</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lepoittevin, C.; Malo, S.; Barrier, N.; Nguyen, N.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Hervieu, M.</p> <p>2008-10-01</p> <p>Two-ordered <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, Bi 1/<span class="hlt">3</span>Sr 2/<span class="hlt">3</span>FeO 2.67 and Bi 1/2Ca 1/2FeO 2.75, have been stabilized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction techniques. They both exhibit orthorhombic superstructures, one with a≈ b≈2 ap and c≈<span class="hlt">3</span> ap (S.G.: Pb2 n or Pbmn) for the Sr-based <span class="hlt">compound</span> and one with a≈ b≈2 ap and c≈8 ap (S.G.: B222, Bmm2, B2 mm or Bmmm) for the Ca-based one. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images evidence the existence of one deficient [FeO x] ∞ layer, suggesting that Bi 1/<span class="hlt">3</span>Sr 2/<span class="hlt">3</span>FeO 2.67 and Bi 1/2Ca 1/2FeO 2.75 behave differently compared to their Ln-based homolog. The HAADF-STEM images allow to propose a model of cation ordering on the A sites of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. The Mössbauer analyses confirm the trivalent state of iron and its complex environment with three <span class="hlt">types</span> of coordination. Both <span class="hlt">compounds</span> exhibit a high value of resistivity and the inverse molar susceptibility versus temperature curves evidence a magnetic transition at about 730 K for the Bi 1/<span class="hlt">3</span>Sr 2/<span class="hlt">3</span>FeO 2.67 and a smooth reversible transition between 590 and 650 K for Bi 1/2Ca 1/2FeO 2.75.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27136434','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27136434"><span>The role of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups in Crohn's disease and in monitoring response to infliximab treatment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yu, Qiao; Wang, Lingyun; Zhang, Shenghong; Feng, Ting; Li, Li; Chen, Baili; Chen, Minhu</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>The variation in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups is reported to be associated with multiple diseases. Infliximab (IFX) has been widely used in the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD). We aim to investigate the distribution of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups in Chinese patients with CD and to explore its impact on response to IFX. Patients with CD were consecutively recruited to the study between 2007 and 2014. CD patients receiving IFX therapy were followed for at least two years. In 293 patients with CD, most patients (40.6%) had blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O (119/293). The odds ratio (OR) of CD in blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O patients was 1.06 (95%CI: 0.6-1.86; p=0.84) compared to all other blood <span class="hlt">types</span>. Among those CD patients, 107 patients received IFX treatment. One year after the first course of IFX, a significant association was found between the overall <span class="hlt">ABO</span> system and outcomes of IFX treatment (p<0.001). CD patients with blood <span class="hlt">type</span> AB (OR=4.42, 95% CI: 1.04-18.76; p=0.044) were more likely to achieve mucosal healing, while CD patients with blood <span class="hlt">type</span> A had a high risk of losing response (OR=0.38, 95% CI: 0.15-0.96; p=0.040). <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups are not associated with prevalence of CD. Patients with blood <span class="hlt">type</span> AB had a better response to IFX while those with blood <span class="hlt">type</span> A appeared to have a risk of losing response to IFX.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29441679','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29441679"><span><span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh blood group genotypes in a cohort of Saudi stem cell donors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alzahrani, M; Jawdat, D; Alaskar, A; Cereb, N; Hajeer, A H</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens are the most frequently studied genetic markers in a large group of people. Blood <span class="hlt">type</span> frequencies vary in different racial/ethnic groups. Our objective was to investigate the distribution of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and rhesus (Rh) blood groups by molecular <span class="hlt">typing</span> method in a population of Saudi stem cell donors. Our data indicate that the most common blood group in our population is group O followed by group A then group B, and finally, the least common is group AB. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873409','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873409"><span><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> phase thin films and method of making</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Boyle, Timothy J.; Rodriguez, Mark A.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>The present invention comprises <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-phase thin films, of the general formula A.sub.x B.sub.y O.sub.<span class="hlt">3</span> on a substrate, wherein A is selected from beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium or a combination thereof; B is selected from niobium and tantalum or a combination thereof; and x and y are mole fractions between approximately 0.8 and 1.2. More particularly, A is strontium or barium or a combination thereof and B is niobium or tantalum or a combination thereof. Also provided is a method of making a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-phase thin film, comprising combining at least one element-A-containing <span class="hlt">compound</span>, wherein A is selected from beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium, with at least one element-B-containing <span class="hlt">compound</span>, wherein B niobium or tantalum, to form a solution; adding a solvent to said solution to form another solution; spin-coating the solution onto a substrate to form a thin film; and heating the film to form the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-phase thin film.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9745E..1IH','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9745E..1IH"><span>Carrier injection and recombination processes in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> solar cells studied by electroluminescence spectroscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Handa, Taketo; Okano, Makoto; Tex, David M.; Shimazaki, Ai; Aharen, Tomoko; Wakamiya, Atsushi; Kanemitsu, Yoshihiko</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Organic-inorganic hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials, CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbX<span class="hlt">3</span> (X = I and Br), are considered as promising candidates for emerging thin-film photovoltaics. For practical implementation, the degradation mechanism and the carrier dynamics during operation have to be clarified. We investigated the degradation mechanism and the carrier injection and recombination processes in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> solar cells using photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) imaging spectroscopies. By applying forward bias-voltage, an inhomogeneous distribution of the EL intensity was clearly observed from the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> solar cells. By comparing the PL- and EL-images, we revealed that the spatial inhomogeneity of the EL intensity is a result of the inhomogeneous luminescence efficiency in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer. An application of bias-voltage for several tens of minutes in air caused a decrease in the EL intensity and the conversion efficiency of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. The degradation mechanism of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells under bias-voltage in air is discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29657543','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29657543"><span>Association of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh blood groups with breast cancer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Meo, Sultan Ayoub; Suraya, Faryal; Jamil, Badar; Rouq, Fwziah Al; Meo, Anusha Sultan; Sattar, Kamran; Ansari, Mohammad Javed; Alasiri, Saleh A</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to determine the association of "<span class="hlt">ABO</span>" and "Rhesus" blood groups with incidence of breast cancer. In this study, we identified 70 research documents from data based search engines including "PubMed", "ISI-Web of Knowledge", "Embase" and "Google Scholar". The research papers were selected by using the primary key-terms including "<span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood <span class="hlt">type</span>", "Rhesus" blood <span class="hlt">type</span> and "breast cancer". The research documents in which "<span class="hlt">ABO</span>" and "Rhesus" blood <span class="hlt">types</span> and breast cancer was debated were included. After screening, we reviewed 32 papers and finally we selected 25 research papers which met the inclusion criteria and remaining documents were excluded. Blood group "A" has high incidence of breast cancer (45.88%), blood group "O" has (31.69%); "B" (16.16%) and blood group "AB" has (6.27%) incidence of breast cancer. Blood group "A" has highest and blood group "AB" has least association with breast cancer. Furthermore, "Rhesus +ve" blood group has high incidence of breast cancer (88.31%) and "Rhesus -ve" blood group has least association with breast cancer (11.68%). Blood group "A" and "Rhesus +ve" have high risk of breast cancer, while blood <span class="hlt">type</span> "AB" and "Rhesus -ve" are at low peril of breast cancer. Physicians should carefully monitor the females with blood group "A" and "Rh +ve" as these females are more prone to develop breast cancer. To reduce breast cancer incidence and its burden, preventive and screening programs for breast cancer especially in young women are highly recommended.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003345.htm','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003345.htm"><span>Blood <span class="hlt">typing</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... matching; Rh <span class="hlt">typing</span>; <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood <span class="hlt">typing</span>; Blood group; Anemia - immune hemolytic blood <span class="hlt">type</span>; <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood <span class="hlt">type</span>; A ... during pregnancy. Careful testing can prevent a severe anemia in the newborn and jaundice .</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29570094','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29570094"><span>Dendrimer ligands-capped CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanocrystals with delayed halide exchange and record stability against both moisture and water.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Yiren; Xu, Shuhong; Shao, Haibao; Jiang, Han; Cui, Yiping; Wang, Chunlei</p> <p>2018-06-08</p> <p>CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbBr <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanocrystals (NCs) suffer from poor stability because of their high sensitivity to environmental moisture and water. To solve this problem, previous works mainly focus on embedding <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs into water-resistant matrix to form large composites (size of microns or larger). As an alternative solution without serious changing of NC size, enhancing the stability of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs themselves by ligand engineering is rarely reported. In this work, we used hyperbranched polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with two different generations (G0 and G4) to synthesize CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbBr <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs with high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QY) above 70% and a new record stability. A novel dendrimers generation-dependent stability of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs was observed. The water-resistance time is 18 h (27 h) for <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs capped by G0 (G4) generation of PAMAM, which is 7 times (11 times) longer than that of traditional oleic acid-capped NCs. Similar PAMAM generation-related stability is also observed in moisture-resistance tests. The stability time against moisture is 500 h (800 h) for G0 (G4) generation of PAMAM-capped <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs, which is a new record stability time against moisture for CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbBr <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs. In addition, our results also indicate that PAMAM ligands outside <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs can dramatically slow down the speed of halide exchange. Even for the mixture of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs with two different halide composition, the original luminescence properties of PAMAM-capped <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs can retain after mixing. In view of slow halide exchange speed, excellent water and moisture stability, PAMAM dendrimers-capped <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs and their mixture are available as color conversion single layer in fabrication of light-emitting diodes (LED).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Nanot..29w5603X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Nanot..29w5603X"><span>Dendrimer ligands-capped CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanocrystals with delayed halide exchange and record stability against both moisture and water</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Yiren; Xu, Shuhong; Shao, Haibao; Jiang, Han; Cui, Yiping; Wang, Chunlei</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanocrystals (NCs) suffer from poor stability because of their high sensitivity to environmental moisture and water. To solve this problem, previous works mainly focus on embedding <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs into water-resistant matrix to form large composites (size of microns or larger). As an alternative solution without serious changing of NC size, enhancing the stability of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs themselves by ligand engineering is rarely reported. In this work, we used hyperbranched polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with two different generations (G0 and G4) to synthesize CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs with high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QY) above 70% and a new record stability. A novel dendrimers generation-dependent stability of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs was observed. The water-resistance time is 18 h (27 h) for <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs capped by G0 (G4) generation of PAMAM, which is 7 times (11 times) longer than that of traditional oleic acid-capped NCs. Similar PAMAM generation-related stability is also observed in moisture-resistance tests. The stability time against moisture is 500 h (800 h) for G0 (G4) generation of PAMAM-capped <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs, which is a new record stability time against moisture for CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs. In addition, our results also indicate that PAMAM ligands outside <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs can dramatically slow down the speed of halide exchange. Even for the mixture of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs with two different halide composition, the original luminescence properties of PAMAM-capped <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs can retain after mixing. In view of slow halide exchange speed, excellent water and moisture stability, PAMAM dendrimers-capped <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NCs and their mixture are available as color conversion single layer in fabrication of light-emitting diodes (LED).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhDT.......142W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhDT.......142W"><span>Studies of magnetism in rhenium and manganese based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wiebe, Christopher Ryan</p> <p></p> <p>The bulk of this thesis consists of studies of geometric frustration in S = ½ FCC <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> based upon the chemical formula A2BReO 6. The magnetism of these materials is expected to exhibit geometric frustration, a situation in which the ideal spin arrangements cannot be achieved for antiferromagnetic interactions between adjacent spins. It is proposed that subtle quantum effects are driving these systems to unique ground states in the absence of chemical disorder. Both <span class="hlt">compounds</span> Sr2CaReO 6 and Sr2MgReO6 exhibit spin glass behaviour at low temperatures (TG ˜ 14 K and TG ˜ 50 K respectively), in which the magnetic moments freeze out in random orientations instead of an ordered array. This work shows that these materials possess several unconventional properties, which suggest that interesting spin dynamics may be present. Other <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-related materials studied in this thesis include the magnetoresistive CaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span>-delta and the "pillared" material La5Re<span class="hlt">3</span>MnO16. Neutron diffraction studies have shown that both CaMnO2.94 and CaMnO2.89 order at TN ˜ 125 K, but possess unique yet related magnetic structures. CaMnO2.94 orders into a simple G-<span class="hlt">type</span> magnetic structure, as observed in the <span class="hlt">compound</span> CaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span>. The slightly more doped sample CaMnO2.89, on the other hand, orders into a magnetic structure related to the G-<span class="hlt">type</span>, and involves a Mn<span class="hlt">3</span>+/Mn 4+ charge ordering over every four lattice spacings. The new material La5Re<span class="hlt">3</span>MnO16 consists of layers of corner shared ReO6 and MnO6 octahedra that are separated by layers of Re2O10 dimer units. Metal-metal bonding involving Re atoms have been postulated for these dimers which separate the Re/Mn layers by approximately 10 A. The magnetic behaviour exhibited by this new class of materials is rich and complex. Despite the large distances separating the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layers, the Re and Mn magnetic moments order into a ferrimagnetic Q = (0, 0, ½) structure below a relatively high T N of 161 K. There may be an additional</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29327744','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29327744"><span>Spinel Co<span class="hlt">3</span>O4 nanomaterials for efficient and stable large area carbon-based printed <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bashir, Amna; Shukla, Sudhanshu; Lew, Jia Haur; Shukla, Shashwat; Bruno, Annalisa; Gupta, Disha; Baikie, Tom; Patidar, Rahul; Akhter, Zareen; Priyadarshi, Anish; Mathews, Nripan; Mhaisalkar, Subodh G</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Carbon based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated through easily scalable screen printing techniques, using abundant and cheap carbon to replace the hole transport material (HTM) and the gold electrode further reduces costs, and carbon acts as a moisture repellent that helps in maintaining the stability of the underlying <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> active layer. An inorganic interlayer of spinel cobaltite oxides (Co <span class="hlt">3</span> O 4 ) can greatly enhance the carbon based PSC performance by suppressing charge recombination and extracting holes efficiently. The main focus of this research work is to investigate the effectiveness of Co <span class="hlt">3</span> O 4 spinel oxide as the hole transporting interlayer for carbon based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs). In these <span class="hlt">types</span> of PSCs, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is restricted by the charge carrier transport and recombination processes at the carbon-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> interface. The spinel Co <span class="hlt">3</span> O 4 nanoparticles are synthesized using the chemical precipitation method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. A screen printed thin layer of p-<span class="hlt">type</span> inorganic spinel Co <span class="hlt">3</span> O 4 in carbon PSCs provides a better-energy level matching, superior efficiency, and stability. Compared to standard carbon PSCs (PCE of 11.25%) an improved PCE of 13.27% with long-term stability, up to 2500 hours under ambient conditions, is achieved. Finally, the fabrication of a monolithic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> module is demonstrated, having an active area of 70 cm 2 and showing a power conversion efficiency of >11% with virtually no hysteresis. This indicates that Co <span class="hlt">3</span> O 4 is a promising interlayer for efficient and stable large area carbon PSCs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27040120','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27040120"><span>Organic-Inorganic <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span>: Structural Versatility for Functional Materials Design.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Saparov, Bayrammurad; Mitzi, David B</p> <p>2016-04-13</p> <p>Although known since the late 19th century, organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have recently received extraordinary research community attention because of their unique physical properties, which make them promising candidates for application in photovoltaic (PV) and related optoelectronic devices. This review will explore beyond the current focus on three-dimensional (<span class="hlt">3</span>-D) lead(II) halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, to highlight the great chemical flexibility and outstanding potential of the broader class of <span class="hlt">3</span>-D and lower dimensional organic-based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> family for electronic, optical, and energy-based applications as well as fundamental research. The concept of a multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid, in which the organic and inorganic structural components provide intentional, unique, and hopefully synergistic features to the <span class="hlt">compound</span>, represents an important contemporary target.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28857509','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28857509"><span>Fabrication of Lead-Free (CH<span class="hlt">3</span> NH<span class="hlt">3</span> )<span class="hlt">3</span> Bi2 I9 <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Photovoltaics in Ethanol Solvent.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Haijin; Wu, Congcong; Yan, Yongke; Chi, Bo; Pu, Jian; Li, Jian; Priya, Shashank</p> <p>2017-10-23</p> <p>The toxicity of lead present in organohalide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> and the hazardous solvent systems used for their synthesis hinder the deployment of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs). Herein, an environmentally friendly route toward bismuth-based, lead-free (CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> ) <span class="hlt">3</span> Bi 2 I 9 <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> that utilize ethanol as the solvent is described. Using this method, dense and homogeneous microstructures were obtained, compared to the porous, rough microstructures obtained using dimethylformamide. Photovoltaic performances were enhanced, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.84 V measured. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25174983','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25174983"><span>MicroRNA-29b-1 impairs in vitro cell proliferation, self‑renewal and chemoresistance of human osteosarcoma <span class="hlt">3</span><span class="hlt">AB-OS</span> cancer stem cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Di Fiore, Riccardo; Drago-Ferrante, Rosa; Pentimalli, Francesca; Di Marzo, Domenico; Forte, Iris Maria; D'Anneo, Antonella; Carlisi, Daniela; De Blasio, Anna; Giuliano, Michela; Tesoriere, Giovanni; Giordano, Antonio; Vento, Renza</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common <span class="hlt">type</span> of bone cancer, with a peak incidence in the early childhood. Emerging evidence suggests that treatments targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) within a tumor can halt cancer and improve patient survival. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the maintenance of the CSC phenotype, thus, identification of CSC-related miRNAs would provide information for a better understanding of CSCs. Downregulation of miRNA-29 family members (miR-29a/b/c; miR‑29s) was observed in human OS, however, little is known about the functions of miR-29s in human OS CSCs. Previously, during the characterization of <span class="hlt">3</span><span class="hlt">AB-OS</span> cells, a CSC line selected from human OS MG63 cells, we showed a potent downregulation of miR-29b. In this study, after stable transfection of <span class="hlt">3</span><span class="hlt">AB-OS</span> cells with miR-29b-1, we investigated the role of miR-29b-1 in regulating cell proliferation, sarcosphere-forming ability, clonogenic growth, chemosensitivity, migration and invasive ability of <span class="hlt">3</span><span class="hlt">AB-OS</span> cells, in vitro. We found that, miR-29b-1 overexpression consistently reduced both, <span class="hlt">3</span>AB-OS CSCs growth in two- and three-dimensional culture systems and their sarcosphere- and colony-forming ability. In addition, while miR-29b-1 overexpression sensitized <span class="hlt">3</span><span class="hlt">AB-OS</span> cells to chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis, it did not influence their migratory and invasive capacities, thus suggesting a context-depending role of miR-29b-1. Using publicly available databases, we proceeded to identify potential miR-29b target genes, known to play a role in the above reported functions. Among these targets we analyzed CD133, N-Myc, CCND2, E2F1 and E2F2, Bcl-2 and IAP-2. We also analyzed the most important stemness markers as Oct<span class="hlt">3</span>/4, Sox2 and Nanog. Real-time RT-PCR and western-blot analyses showed that miR-29b-1 negatively regulated the expression of these markers. Overall, the results show that miR-29b-1 suppresses stemness properties of <span class="hlt">3</span>AB-OS CSCs and suggest that developing miR-29b-1 as a novel</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007E%26PSL.256...47M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007E%26PSL.256...47M"><span>Sound velocity of MgSiO <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> to Mbar pressure</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Murakami, Motohiko; Sinogeikin, Stanislav V.; Hellwig, Holger; Bass, Jay D.; Li, Jie</p> <p>2007-04-01</p> <p>Brillouin scattering measurements of the aggregate shear wave velocities in MgSiO <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> were conducted at high pressure conditions relevant to the Earth's lowermost mantle, approaching 1 Mbar. Infrared laser annealing of samples in a diamond anvil cell allowed us to obtain high quality Brillouin spectra and to drastically extend the upper limit of pressure for Brillouin measurements. We found that the pressure derivative of the shear modulus (d G / d P = G') of MgSiO <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is 1.56 ± 0.04, which is distinctly lower than that of previous lower-pressure experiments below 9 GPa. Extrapolation of the high-pressure shear velocities of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> to ambient pressure, are in excellent agreement with earlier room pressure Brillouin measurements. The shear modulus, shear velocity and longitudinal velocity at ambient pressure were determined to be G0 = 172.9(15) GPa, VS = 6.49(<span class="hlt">3</span>) and VP = 10.85(<span class="hlt">3</span>) km/sec. The mineralogical model that provides a best fit to global seismological 1-D velocity profiles is one that contains 85-90 vol% <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> in the lower mantle. The results of this study are the first to demonstrate that the elastic wave velocities for a near-adiabatic lower mantle with a bulk composition dominated by magnesium silicate <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> are consistent with the average lower mantle seismic velocity structure. The large pressure range over which acoustic measurements of MgSiO <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> performed in this study has thus allowed us to put tighter constraints on compositional models of the Earth's lower mantle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25730286','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25730286"><span>High-pressure synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of TlCrO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yi, Wei; Matsushita, Yoshitaka; Katsuya, Yoshio; Yamaura, Kazunari; Tsujimoto, Yoshihiro; Presniakov, Igor A; Sobolev, Alexey V; Glazkova, Yana S; Lekina, Yuliya O; Tsujii, Naohito; Nimori, Shigeki; Takehana, Kanji; Imanaka, Yasutaka; Belik, Alexei A</p> <p>2015-06-21</p> <p>TlMO(<span class="hlt">3</span>) <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> (M(<span class="hlt">3</span>+) = transition metals) are exceptional members of trivalent <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> families because of the strong covalency of Tl(<span class="hlt">3</span>+)-O bonds. Here we report on the synthesis, crystal structure and properties of TlCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>) investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy, specific heat, dc/ac magnetization and dielectric measurements. TlCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>) <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is prepared under high pressure (6 GPa) and high temperature (1500 K) conditions. The crystal structure of TlCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>) is refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data: space group Pnma (no. 62), Z = 4 and lattice parameters a = 5.40318(1) Å, b = 7.64699(1) Å and c = 5.30196(1) Å at 293 K. No structural phase transitions are found between 5 and 300 K. TlCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>) crystallizes in the GdFeO(<span class="hlt">3</span>)-<span class="hlt">type</span> structure similar to other members of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> chromite family, ACrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>) (A(<span class="hlt">3</span>+) = Sc, In, Y and La-Lu). The unit cell volume and Cr-O-Cr bond angles of TlCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>) are close to those of DyCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>); however, the Néel temperature of TlCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>) (TN≈ 89 K) is much smaller than that of DyCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>) and close to that of InCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>). Isothermal magnetization studies show that TlCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>) is a fully compensated antiferromagnet similar to ScCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>) and InCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>), but different from RCrO(<span class="hlt">3</span>) (R(<span class="hlt">3</span>+) = Y and La-Lu). Ac and dc magnetization measurements with a fine step of 0.2 K reveal the existence of two Néel temperatures with very close values at T(N2) = 87.0 K and T(N1) = 89.<span class="hlt">3</span> K. Magnetic anomalies near T(N2 )are suppressed by static magnetic fields and by 5% iron doping.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28439542','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28439542"><span>CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>: Ferroelasticity revealed.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Strelcov, Evgheni; Dong, Qingfeng; Li, Tao; Chae, Jungseok; Shao, Yuchuan; Deng, Yehao; Gruverman, Alexei; Huang, Jinsong; Centrone, Andrea</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Ferroelectricity has been proposed as a plausible mechanism to explain the high photovoltaic conversion efficiency in organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>; however, convincing experimental evidence in support of this hypothesis is still missing. Identifying and distinguishing ferroelectricity from other properties, such as piezoelectricity, ferroelasticity, etc., is typically nontrivial because these phenomena can coexist in many materials. In this work, a combination of microscopic and nanoscale techniques provides solid evidence for the existence of ferroelastic domains in both CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> polycrystalline films and single crystals in the pristine state and under applied stress. Experiments show that the configuration of CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> ferroelastic domains in single crystals and polycrystalline films can be controlled with applied stress, suggesting that strain engineering may be used to tune the properties of this material. No evidence of concomitant ferroelectricity was observed. Because grain boundaries have an impact on the long-term stability of organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> devices, and because the ferroelastic domain boundaries may differ from regular grain boundaries, the discovery of ferroelasticity provides a new variable to consider in the quest for improving their stability and enabling their widespread adoption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4797464','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4797464"><span>Transfusion Support for <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-Incompatible Progenitor Cell Transplantation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kopko, Patricia M.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Summary <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible transplants comprise up to 50% of allogeneic progenitor cell transplants. Major, minor and bidirectional <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible transplants each have unique complications that can occur, including hemolysis at the time of progenitor cell infusion, hemolysis during donor engraftment, passenger lymphocyte syndrome, delayed red blood cell engraftment, and pure red cell aplasia. Appropriate transfusion support during the different phases of the allogeneic progenitor cell transplant process is an important part of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible transplantation. PMID:27022318</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24687334','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24687334"><span>Nickel oxide electrode interlayer in CH<span class="hlt">3</span> NH<span class="hlt">3</span> PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>/PCBM planar-heterojunction hybrid solar cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jeng, Jun-Yuan; Chen, Kuo-Cheng; Chiang, Tsung-Yu; Lin, Pei-Ying; Tsai, Tzung-Da; Chang, Yun-Chorng; Guo, Tzung-Fang; Chen, Peter; Wen, Ten-Chin; Hsu, Yao-Jane</p> <p>2014-06-25</p> <p>This study successfully demonstrates the application of inorganic p-<span class="hlt">type</span> nickel oxide (NiOx ) as electrode interlayer for the fabrication of NiOx /CH<span class="hlt">3</span> NH<span class="hlt">3</span> PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>/PCBM PHJ hybrid solar cells with a respectable solar-to-electrical PCE of 7.8%. The better energy level alignment and improved wetting of the NiOx electrode interlayer significantly enhance the overall photovoltaic performance. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1961c0053K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1961c0053K"><span>The electronic and optical properties of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>MoI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kansara, Shivam; Sonvane, Yogesh; Gupta, Sanjeev K.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>In this work, a first-principles theoretical study of hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>MoI<span class="hlt">3</span> is performed using PBE exchange-correlation approximations in density functional theory. The results of electronic band structure are 0.90 eV (M-point: Direct) and 0.60 eV (R-X point: Indirect), respectively. We have also calculated the dielectric properties such as real, imaginary, extension coefficient (K) and reflectivity (R) properties of hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>MoI<span class="hlt">3</span>. The low-bandgap molecules are used to absorb near-IR range and typically having a bandgap smaller than 1.6 eV. This is particularly attractive in organic photovoltaics (OPV), photodetectors (PDs), and ambipolar field-effect transistors (FETs).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ChPhB..25j8802D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ChPhB..25j8802D"><span>Device simulation of lead-free CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells with high efficiency</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Du, Hui-Jing; Wang, Wei-Chao; Zhu, Jian-Zhuo</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>The lead-free <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs) have drawn a great deal of research interest due to the Pb toxicity of the lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> is a viable alternative to CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbX<span class="hlt">3</span>, because it has a narrower band gap of 1.<span class="hlt">3</span> eV and a wider visible absorption spectrum than the lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. The progress of fabricating tin iodide PSCs with good stability has stimulated the studies of these CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> based cells greatly. In the paper, we study the influences of various parameters on the solar cell performance through theoretical analysis and device simulation. It is found in the simulation that the solar cell performance can be improved to some extent by adjusting the doping concentration of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> absorption layer and the electron affinity of the buffer and HTM, while the reduction of the defect density of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> absorption layer significantly improves the cell performance. By further optimizing the parameters of the doping concentration (1.<span class="hlt">3</span>× 1016 cm-<span class="hlt">3</span>) and the defect density (1× 1015 cm-<span class="hlt">3</span>) of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> absorption layer, and the electron affinity of buffer (4.0 eV) and HTM (2.6 eV), we finally obtain some encouraging results of the J sc of 31.59 mA/cm2, V oc of 0.92 V, FF of 79.99%, and PCE of 23.36%. The results show that the lead-free CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> PSC is a potential environmentally friendly solar cell with high efficiency. Improving the Sn2 + stability and reducing the defect density of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> are key issues for the future research, which can be solved by improving the fabrication and encapsulation process of the cell. Project supported by the Graduate Student Education Teaching Reform Project, China (Grant No. JG201512) and the Young Teachers Research Project of Yanshan University, China (Grant No. 13LGB028).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18930425','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18930425"><span>[Yes, we should keep <span class="hlt">ABO</span> agglutination test within bedside transfusion checks].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Daurat, G</p> <p>2008-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatible transfusions are still a frequent cause of serious adverse transfusion reactions. Bedside check is intended to detect patient errors and prevent <span class="hlt">ABO</span> mismatch. France is one of the few countries that includes <span class="hlt">ABO</span> agglutination test for red blood cells in bedside checks. Evaluation of this <span class="hlt">ABO</span> agglutination test, performed with a special card, shows that, on the field, despite frequent users' mishandling, it can detect up to 93% of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatibilities. This is not enough to rely on this sole test for bedside checks. But, linking it with an another test, currently, checks that the right blood is given to the right patient, rises the sensitivity of the whole bedside procedure up to an estimated 99.65%, for detection of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatibilities. This linkage has been introduced in the French regulation in 2003. Since then, the incidence of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatible transfusions has decreased dramatically and faster than in any other country, so France has now, probably, the lowest rate of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatible transfusions. The investigation of the few <span class="hlt">ABO</span> accidents that still occur, shows that professionals have always bypassed this linkage. On the other hand, introducing bedside recipient and blood products barcode or radio-chip checks in all the 1500 French hospitals, though technically possible, would provide very little enhancement and lead to major difficulties and expenses. Linkage of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> agglutination test to patient and blood checks within the bedside procedure has proved to be efficient and should be kept.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPCS..117..148B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPCS..117..148B"><span>What makes the difference in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> titanates?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bussmann-Holder, Annette; Roleder, Krystian; Ko, Jae-Hyeon</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>We have investigated in detail the lattice dynamics of five different <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> titanates ATiO<span class="hlt">3</span> (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Eu) where the A sites are occupied by +2 ions. In spite of the largely ionic character of these ions, the properties of these <span class="hlt">compounds</span> differ substantially. They range from order/disorder like, to displacive ferroelectric, quantum paraelectric, and antiferromagnetic. All <span class="hlt">compounds</span> crystallize in the cubic structure at high temperature and undergo structural phase transitions to tetragonal symmetry, partly followed by further transitions to lower symmetries. Since the TiO6 moiety is the essential electronic and structural unit, the question arises, what makes the significant difference between them. It is shown that the lattice dynamics of these <span class="hlt">compounds</span> are very different, and that mode-mode coupling effects give rise to many distinct properties. In addition, the oxygen ion nonlinear polarizability plays a key role since it dominates the anharmonicity of these <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> and determines the structural instability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SeScT..33e5002G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SeScT..33e5002G"><span>Enhancement of photoresponse property of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell by aluminium chloride (AlCl<span class="hlt">3</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ghosh, S. S.; Sil, A.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The fabrication of a three layer solar cell device is a new area of research. The formation of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase is evident from x-ray diffraction and its particle size is observed by microstructural analysis. A thin layer of gold coating over the device increases the surface conductivity. Direct contact between a SnCl2 or AlCl<span class="hlt">3</span> based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> with the gold coating increases the durability of the film but decreases the hole transport properties due to absence of an organic hole transport material. The absorbance spectroscopy analysis gives characteristic peaks showing the evidence of ITO, TiO2 (rutile) and Sn2+ complexes present in the Sn-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film or Al<span class="hlt">3</span>+ complexes present within the Al-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> cell. The desired absorbance near 550 nm due to Al<span class="hlt">3</span>+ complexes causes a much higher flow of current on illumination and thus is also evidenced by the presence of comparatively high intensity PL spectra in the Al-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> system which occurred due to free exciton formation near band edge excitation. The fill factor of the devices is estimated as ∼0.83 and ∼0.65 for Sn-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and Al-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> devices respectively. The PCE values of Sn-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and Al-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> devices are calculated 0.39% and 0.96% respectively, which establish Al-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film as a useful component for future solar cell device manufacturing.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APLM....5i6110A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APLM....5i6110A"><span>Interfacial B-site atomic configuration in polar (111) and non-polar (001) SrIrO<span class="hlt">3</span>/SrTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> heterostructures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anderson, T. J.; Zhou, H.; Xie, L.; Podkaminer, J. P.; Patzner, J. J.; Ryu, S.; Pan, X. Q.; Eom, C. B.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The precise control of interfacial atomic arrangement in <span class="hlt">ABO</span><span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> heterostructures is paramount, particularly in cases where the subsequent electronic properties of the material exhibit geometrical preferences along polar crystallographic directions that feature inevitably complex surface reconstructions. Here, we present the B-site interfacial structure in polar (111) and non-polar (001) SrIrO<span class="hlt">3</span>/SrTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> interfaces. The heterostructures were examined using scanning transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron-based coherent Bragg rod analysis. Our results reveal the preference of B-site intermixing across the (111) interface due to the polarity-compensated SrTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> substrate surface prior to growth. By comparison, the intermixing at the non-polar (001) interface is negligible. This finding suggests that the intermixing may be necessary to mitigate epitaxy along heavily reconstructed and non-stoichiometric (111) <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> surfaces. Furthermore, this preferential B-site configuration could allow the geometric design of the interfacial <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure and chemistry to selectively engineer the correlated electronic states of the B-site d-orbital.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29798671','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29798671"><span>ZnO-Assisted Growth of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>- xCl x Film and Efficient Planar <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells with a TiO2/ZnO/C60 Electron Transport Trilayer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Jia; Fang, Mingde; Chen, Jing; Zhang, Bing; Yao, Jianxi; Dai, Songyuan</p> <p>2018-06-06</p> <p>Appropriate electron transport layers (ETL) are essential in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs) with high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, a TiO 2 /ZnO/C 60 trilayer fabricated on a transparent fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate is used as a <span class="hlt">compound</span> ETL in planar PSCs. The trilayer shows positive effects on both <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> synthesis and device performance. The ZnO layer assists growth of CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span>- x Cl x ( x ≈ 0) annealed at a lower temperature and with a shorter time, which is due to a more rapid and easier decomposition of the intermediate CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbCl <span class="hlt">3</span> phase in the growth of CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span>- x Cl x . All three materials in the trilayer are important for obtaining PSCs with a high PCE. ZnO is critical for enhancing the open circuit voltage by ensuring proper energy alignment with the TiO 2 and C 60 layers. C 60 enhances carrier extraction from the CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span>- x Cl x layer. TiO 2 eliminates charge recombination at the FTO surface and ensures efficient electron collection. The best-performing PSC based on the TiO 2 /ZnO/C 60 electron transport trilayer features a PCE of 18.63% with a fill factor of 79.12%. These findings help develop an understanding of the effects of ZnO-containing ETLs on <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film synthesis and show promise for the future development of high-performance PSCs with <span class="hlt">compound</span> ETLs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28301082','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28301082"><span>CH<span class="hlt">3</span> NH<span class="hlt">3</span> PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Nanocrystals as Efficient Light-Harvesting Antenna for Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Muthu, Chinnadurai; Vijayan, Anuja; Nair, Vijayakumar C</p> <p>2017-05-04</p> <p>Hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have created enormous research interest as a low-cost material for high-performance photovoltaic devices, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, memory devices and sensors. <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> materials in nanocrystal form that display intense luminescence due to the quantum confinement effect were found to be particularly suitable for most of these applications. However, the potential use of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanocrystals as a light-harvesting antenna for possible applications in artificial photosynthesis systems is not yet explored. In the present work, we study the light-harvesting antenna properties of luminescent methylammonium lead bromide (CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbBr <span class="hlt">3</span> )-based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanocrystals using fluorescent dyes (rhodamine B, rhodamine 101, and nile red) as energy acceptors. Our studies revealed that CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbBr <span class="hlt">3</span> nanocrystals are an excellent light-harvesting antenna, and efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer occurs from the nanocrystals to fluorescent dyes. Further, the energy transfer efficiency is found to be highly dependent on the number of anchoring groups and binding ability of the dyes to the surface of the nanocrystals. These observations may have significant implications for <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-based light-harvesting devices and their possible use in artificial photosynthesis systems. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/542191-pb-sup-prime-sub-sup-prime-prime-sub-sub-type-perovskites-part-ii-short-range-order-parameter-criterion-distinction-between-relaxor-normal-ferroelectrics','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/542191-pb-sup-prime-sub-sup-prime-prime-sub-sub-type-perovskites-part-ii-short-range-order-parameter-criterion-distinction-between-relaxor-normal-ferroelectrics"><span>Pb(B{sup {prime}}{sub 1/2}B{sup {prime}{prime}}{sub 1/2})O{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}-<span class="hlt">type</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>: Part II. Short-range order parameter as a criterion of the distinction between relaxor and normal ferroelectrics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Kim, S.; Jang, H.M.</p> <p>1997-08-01</p> <p>A classification scheme of Pb(B{sup {prime}}{sub 1/2}B{sup {prime}{prime}}{sub 1/2})O{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}-<span class="hlt">type</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> with respect to the B-site order parameters was proposed based on the theoretical calculation of the short-range order parameter ({sigma}) using the pair-correlation model. The calculated order parameters predict that a Pb(B{sup {prime}}{sub 1/2}B{sup {prime}{prime}}{sub 1/2})O{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}-<span class="hlt">type</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> without any charge difference between B{sup {prime}} and B{sup {prime}{prime}} cations [e.g., Pb(Zr{sub 1/2}Ti{sub 1/2})O{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} (PZT)] is represented by a completely disordered state with the absence of a finite coherence length. On the other hand, a Pb(B{sup {prime}}{sub 1/2}B{sup {prime}{prime}}{sub 1/2})O{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} <span class="hlt">type</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> system having different ionic charges ismore » characterized either by the short-range ordering with a nanoscale coherence length or by the macroscopic long-range ordering, depending on the magnitude of ionic charge difference between B{sup {prime}} and B{sup {prime}{prime}} ions. The normal ferroelectricity in Pb(B{sup {prime}}{sub 1/2}B{sup {prime}{prime}}{sub 1/2})O{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}-<span class="hlt">type</span> complex <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> was then correlated either with a completely disordered state ({sigma}=0) or with a perfectly ordered state ({sigma}=1), whereas the relaxor behavior was attributed to the nanoscale short-range ordering (0{lt}{sigma}{lt}1) in the configuration of the B-site cations. {copyright} {ital 1997 Materials Research Society.}« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24660536','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24660536"><span>Evaluation of an automated microplate technique in the Galileo system for <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh(D) blood grouping.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Weiyi; Wan, Feng; Lou, Yufeng; Jin, Jiali; Mao, Weilin</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A number of automated devices for pretransfusion testing have recently become available. This study evaluated the Immucor Galileo System, a fully automated device based on the microplate hemagglutination technique for <span class="hlt">ABO</span>/Rh (D) determinations. Routine <span class="hlt">ABO</span>/Rh <span class="hlt">typing</span> tests were performed on 13,045 samples using the Immucor automated instruments. Manual tube method was used to resolve <span class="hlt">ABO</span> forward and reverse grouping discrepancies. D-negative test results were investigated and confirmed manually by the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). The system rejected 70 tests for sample inadequacy. 87 samples were read as "No-<span class="hlt">type</span>-determined" due to forward and reverse grouping discrepancies. 25 tests gave these results because of sample hemolysis. After further tests, we found 34 tests were caused by weakened RBC antibodies, 5 tests were attributable to weak A and/or B antigens, 4 tests were due to mixed-field reactions, and 8 tests had high titer cold agglutinin with blood qualifications which react only at temperatures below 34 degrees C. In the remaining 11 cases, irregular RBC antibodies were identified in 9 samples (seven anti-M and two anti-P) and two subgroups were identified in 2 samples (one A1 and one A2) by a reference laboratory. As for D <span class="hlt">typing</span>, 2 weak D+ samples missed by automated systems gave negative results, but weak-positive reactions were observed in the IAT. The Immucor Galileo System is reliable and suited for <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and D blood groups, some reasons may cause a discrepancy in <span class="hlt">ABO</span>/D <span class="hlt">typing</span> using a fully automated system. It is suggested that standardization of sample collection may improve the performance of the fully automated system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JaJAP..57dFL10N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JaJAP..57dFL10N"><span>Single-crystal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> prepared by cast capping method for light-emitting diodes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nguyen, Van-Cao; Katsuki, Hiroyuki; Sasaki, Fumio; Yanagi, Hisao</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>In this study, electroluminescence from single crystals of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is explored. The cast capping method was applied to fabricate simple devices with an ITO/CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span>/ITO structure. The devices showed a low operation voltage of 2 V and a pure green luminescence with full width at half maximum of ∼20 nm. However, the emission occurring at the crystal edges demonstrated blinking with a subsecond time interval, which is similar to the previously reported photoluminescence behavior of nanocrystal <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. This electroluminescence blinking may provide new insight into the recombination processes depending on the carrier traps and defects of emission layers in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> light-emitting devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25638331','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25638331"><span><span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: influence in the site of thrombosis?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nascimento, Natália Mastantuono; Bydlowski, Sergio Paulo; Soares, Rosangela Paula Silva; de Andrade, Danieli Castro Oliveira; Bonfá, Eloísa; Seguro, Luciana Parente Costa; Borba, Eduardo Ferreira</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by vascular thrombosis and/or obstetric complications associated with presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) but additional factors would also induce thrombosis. <span class="hlt">ABO</span> (H) blood groups are known to be closely related to thrombosis, especially non-O blood <span class="hlt">type</span> with venous events. The aim of this study was to investigate possible role of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> (H) blood <span class="hlt">types</span> in the thrombotic events in primary APS (PAPS). Seventy PAPS patients were selected for the study and were divided according to <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group in: O PAPS (n = 26) and non-O PAPS (n = 44). <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group phenotyping was performed by indirect technique. aPL anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-βeta2 glycoprotein-1 (aβ2GPI) and the concentrations and activities of von Willebrand factor (VWF) were measured with ELISA. Lupus anticoagulant (LA) was detected by coagulation assays. A significant higher frequency of venous events was observed in non-O PAPS group (72.7 vs. 46.2 %, p = 0.040). In contrast, the frequency of arterial events was significantly higher in the O PAPS compared to the non-O PAPS group (69.2 vs. 36.4 %, respectively; p = 0.013). Frequencies of aCL, LA, aβ2GPI and triple aPL positivity were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). VWF antigen (75.54 ± 8.68 vs. 79.51 ± 7.07 IU/dl, p = 0.041) and activity (70.23 ± 11.96 vs. 77.92 ± 13.67 %, p = 0.020) were decreased in O PAPS compared to non-O blood group. VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratio was similar among groups (p > 0.05). This is the first report that confirms the role of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood system in thrombosis of PAPS and suggests that non-O blood group was related with venous events and O blood group with arterial thrombosis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007APS..MARB13013D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007APS..MARB13013D"><span>Structural and magnetic properties of SrMn1-xRuxO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dabrowski, B.; Kolesnik, S.; Chmaissem, O.; Maxwell, T.</p> <p>2007-03-01</p> <p>Ferromagnetism of SrRuO<span class="hlt">3</span> is unique among 4d transition metal based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides. On substitution of Mn its TC decreases from 163 K to 0 for x˜0.5-0.6 followed by a formation of an antiferromagnetic insulating state at a quantum critical point. The other end member of the SrMn1-xRuxO<span class="hlt">3</span> family, a cubic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> SrMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> is a G-<span class="hlt">type</span> antiferromagnet with TN=233 K. We have synthesized the complete SrMn1-xRuxO<span class="hlt">3</span> solid solution. The polycrystalline samples were characterized by neutron difraction, magnetic, and transport experiments. The incorporation of Ru in the SrMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> matrix (0.1<=x<=0.4) results in a phase transition to a C-<span class="hlt">type</span> antiferromagnetic state accompanied by a cubic-tetragonal transition. The intermediate substitution level induces a spin-glass behavior, due to competing ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions. Mixed valence Mn^<span class="hlt">3</span>+/Mn^4+ and Ru^4+/Ru^5+ pairs introduce additional frustration to the magnetic states. The glassy behavior can be observed for x up to 0.7 in the tetragonal structure. Supported by NSF (DMR-0302617) and the U.S. Department of Education</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1220695-low-surface-recombination-velocity-solution-grown-ch3nh3pbbr3-perovskite-single-crystal','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1220695-low-surface-recombination-velocity-solution-grown-ch3nh3pbbr3-perovskite-single-crystal"><span>Low Surface Recombination Velocity in Solution-Grown CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Single Crystal</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Yang, Ye; Yan, Yong; Yang, Mengjin; ...</p> <p>2015-08-06</p> <p>Organic-inorganic hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are attracting intense research effort due to their impressive performance in solar cells. While the carrier transport parameters such as mobility and bulk carrier lifetime shows sufficient characteristics, the surface recombination, which can have major impact on the solar cell performance, has not been studied. Here we measure surface recombination dynamics in CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> single crystals using broadband transient reflectance spectroscopy. The surface recombination velocity is found to be <span class="hlt">3</span>.4±0.1 10 <span class="hlt">3</span> cm s -1, B2–<span class="hlt">3</span> orders of magnitude lower than that in many important unpassivated semiconductors employed in solar cells. Our result suggestsmore » that the planar grain size for the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> thin films should be larger thanB30 mm to avoid the influence of surface recombination on the effective carrier lifetime.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25664382','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25664382"><span>Room-temperature polar order in [NH4][Cd(HCOO)<span class="hlt">3</span>]--a hybrid inorganic-organic <span class="hlt">compound</span> with a unique <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> architecture.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gómez-Aguirre, L C; Pato-Doldán, B; Stroppa, A; Yáñez-Vilar, S; Bayarjargal, L; Winkler, B; Castro-García, S; Mira, J; Sánchez-Andújar, M; Señarís-Rodríguez, M A</p> <p>2015-03-02</p> <p>We report on the hybrid inorganic-organic ammonium <span class="hlt">compound</span> [NH4][Cd(HCOO)<span class="hlt">3</span>], which displays a most unusual framework structure: instead of the expected 4(9)·6(6) topology, it shows an ABX<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> architecture with the peculiarity and uniqueness (among all the up-to-date reported hybrid metal formates) that the Cd ions are connected only by syn-anti formate bridges, instead of anti-anti ones. This change of the coordination mode of the formate ligand is thus another variable that can provide new possibilities for tuning the properties of these versatile functional metal-organic framework materials. The room-temperature crystal structure of [NH4][Cd(HCOO)<span class="hlt">3</span>] is noncentrosymmetric (S.G.: Pna21) and displays a polar axis. DFT calculations and symmetry mode analysis show that the rather large polarization arising from the off-center shift of the ammonium cations in the cavities (4.33 μC/cm(2)) is partially canceled by the antiparallel polarization coming from the [Cd(HCOO)<span class="hlt">3</span>](-) framework, thus resulting in a net polarization of 1.35 μC/cm(2). As shown by second harmonic generation studies, this net polarization can be greatly increased by applying pressure (Pmax = 14 GPa), an external stimulus that, in turn, induces the appearance of new structural phases, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29742871','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29742871"><span>The Effect of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> Blood Groups, Hemoglobinopathy, and Heme Oxygenase-1 Polymorphisms on Malaria Susceptibility and Severity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kuesap, Jiraporn; Na-Bangchang, Kesara</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Malaria is one of the most important public health problems in tropical areas on the globe. Several factors are associated with susceptibility to malaria and disease severity, including innate immunity such as blood group, hemoglobinopathy, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) polymorphisms. This study was carried out to investigate association among <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group, thalassemia <span class="hlt">types</span> and HO-1 polymorphisms in malaria. The malarial blood samples were collected from patients along the Thai-Myanmar border. Determination of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group, thalassemia variants, and HO-1 polymorphisms were performed using agglutination test, low pressure liquid chromatography and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Plasmodium vivax was the major infected malaria species in the study samples. Distribution of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood <span class="hlt">type</span> in the malaria-infected samples was similar to that in healthy subjects, of which blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O being most prevalent. Association between blood group A and decreased risk of severe malaria was significant. Six thalassemia <span class="hlt">types</span> (30%) were detected, i.e. , hemoglobin E (HbE), β-thalassemia, α-thalassemia 1, α-thalassemia 2, HbE with α-thalassemia 2, and β-thalassemia with α-thalassemia 2. Malaria infected samples without thalassemia showed significantly higher risk to severe malaria. The prevalence of HO-1 polymorphisms, S/S, S/L and L/L were 25, 62, and 13%, respectively. Further study with larger sample size is required to confirm the impact of these <span class="hlt">3</span> host genetic factors in malaria patients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26372830','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26372830"><span><span class="hlt">ABO</span>-Incompatible Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Under the Desensitization Protocol With Rituximab.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Song, G-W; Lee, S-G; Hwang, S; Kim, K-H; Ahn, C-S; Moon, D-B; Ha, T-Y; Jung, D-H; Park, G-C; Kim, W-J; Sin, M-H; Yoon, Y-I; Kang, W-H; Kim, S-H; Tak, E-Y</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatibility is no longer considered a contraindication for adult living donor liver transplantation (ALDLT) due to various strategies to overcome the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group barrier. We report the largest single-center experience of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible (ABOi) ALDLT in 235 adult patients. The desensitization protocol included a single dose of rituximab and total plasma exchange. In addition, local graft infusion therapy, cyclophosphamide, or splenectomy was used for a certain time period, but these treatments were eventually discontinued due to adverse events. There were three cases (1.<span class="hlt">3</span>%) of in-hospital mortality. The cumulative <span class="hlt">3</span>-year graft and patient survival rates were 89.2% and 92.<span class="hlt">3</span>%, respectively, and were comparable to those of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible group (n = 1301). Despite promising survival outcomes, 17 patients (7.2%) experienced antibody-mediated rejection that manifested as diffuse intrahepatic biliary stricture; six cases required retransplantation, and three patients died. ABOi ALDLT is a feasible method for expanding a living liver donor pool, but the efficacy of the desensitization protocol in targeting B cell immunity should be optimized. © Copyright 2015 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Sci...354..861E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Sci...354..861E"><span><span class="hlt">Perovskite-perovskite</span> tandem photovoltaics with optimized band gaps</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Eperon, Giles E.; Leijtens, Tomas; Bush, Kevin A.; Prasanna, Rohit; Green, Thomas; Wang, Jacob Tse-Wei; McMeekin, David P.; Volonakis, George; Milot, Rebecca L.; May, Richard; Palmstrom, Axel; Slotcavage, Daniel J.; Belisle, Rebecca A.; Patel, Jay B.; Parrott, Elizabeth S.; Sutton, Rebecca J.; Ma, Wen; Moghadam, Farhad; Conings, Bert; Babayigit, Aslihan; Boyen, Hans-Gerd; Bent, Stacey; Giustino, Feliciano; Herz, Laura M.; Johnston, Michael B.; McGehee, Michael D.; Snaith, Henry J.</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>We demonstrate four- and two-terminal <span class="hlt">perovskite-perovskite</span> tandem solar cells with ideally matched band gaps. We develop an infrared-absorbing 1.2-electron volt band-gap <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>, FA0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I<span class="hlt">3</span>, that can deliver 14.8% efficiency. By combining this material with a wider-band gap FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.5Br0.5)<span class="hlt">3</span> material, we achieve monolithic two-terminal tandem efficiencies of 17.0% with >1.65-volt open-circuit voltage. We also make mechanically stacked four-terminal tandem cells and obtain 20.<span class="hlt">3</span>% efficiency. Notably, we find that our infrared-absorbing <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> cells exhibit excellent thermal and atmospheric stability, not previously achieved for Sn-based <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. This device architecture and materials set will enable “all-perovskite” thin-film solar cells to reach the highest efficiencies in the long term at the lowest costs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5765532','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5765532"><span>How Strong Is the Hydrogen Bond in Hybrid <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Hybrid organic–inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> represent a special class of metal–organic framework where a molecular cation is encased in an anionic cage. The molecule–cage interaction influences phase stability, phase transformations, and the molecular dynamics. We examine the hydrogen bonding in four AmBX<span class="hlt">3</span> formate <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>: [Am]Zn(HCOO)<span class="hlt">3</span>, with Am+ = hydrazinium (NH2NH<span class="hlt">3</span>+), guanidinium (C(NH2)<span class="hlt">3</span>+), dimethylammonium (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>)2NH2+, and azetidinium (CH2)<span class="hlt">3</span>NH2+. We develop a scheme to quantify the strength of hydrogen bonding in these systems from first-principles, which separates the electrostatic interactions between the amine (Am+) and the BX<span class="hlt">3</span>– cage. The hydrogen-bonding strengths of formate <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> range from 0.36 to 1.40 eV/cation (8–32 kcalmol–1). Complementary solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirms that strong hydrogen bonding hinders cation mobility. Application of the procedure to hybrid lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> (X = Cl, Br, I, Am+ = CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>+, CH(NH2)2+) shows that these <span class="hlt">compounds</span> have significantly weaker hydrogen-bonding energies of 0.09 to 0.27 eV/cation (2–6 kcalmol–1), correlating with lower order–disorder transition temperatures. PMID:29216715</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28745881','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28745881"><span>Tunable White-Light Emission in Single-Cation-Templated Three-Layered 2D <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>CH2NH<span class="hlt">3</span>)4Pb<span class="hlt">3</span>Br10-xClx.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mao, Lingling; Wu, Yilei; Stoumpos, Constantinos C; Traore, Boubacar; Katan, Claudine; Even, Jacky; Wasielewski, Michael R; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G</p> <p>2017-08-30</p> <p>Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> come as a family (B) 2 (A) n-1 Pb n X <span class="hlt">3</span>n+1 (B and A= cations; X= halide). These <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are promising semiconductors for solar cells and optoelectronic applications. Among the fascinating properties of these materials is white-light emission, which has been mostly observed in single-layered 2D lead bromide or chloride systems (n = 1), where the broad emission comes from the transient photoexcited states generated by self-trapped excitons (STEs) from structural distortion. Here we report a multilayered 2D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (n = <span class="hlt">3</span>) exhibiting a tunable white-light emission. Ethylammonium (EA + ) can stabilize the 2D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure in EA 4 Pb <span class="hlt">3</span> Br 10-x Cl x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9.5, and 10) with EA + being both the A and B cations in this system. Because of the larger size of EA, these materials show a high distortion level in their inorganic structures, with EA 4 Pb <span class="hlt">3</span> Cl 10 having a much larger distortion than that of EA 4 Pb <span class="hlt">3</span> Br 10 , which results in broadband white-light emission of EA 4 Pb <span class="hlt">3</span> Cl 10 in contrast to narrow blue emission of EA 4 Pb <span class="hlt">3</span> Br 10 . The average lifetime of the series decreases gradually from the Cl end to the Br end, indicating that the larger distortion also prolongs the lifetime (more STE states). The band gap of EA 4 Pb <span class="hlt">3</span> Br 10-x Cl x ranges from <span class="hlt">3</span>.45 eV (x = 10) to 2.75 eV (x = 0), following Vegard's law. First-principles density functional theory calculations (DFT) show that both EA 4 Pb <span class="hlt">3</span> Cl 10 and EA 4 Pb <span class="hlt">3</span> Br 10 are direct band gap semiconductors. The color rendering index (CRI) of the series improves from 66 (EA 4 Pb <span class="hlt">3</span> Cl 10 ) to 83 (EA 4 Pb <span class="hlt">3</span> Br 0.5 Cl 9.5 ), displaying high tunability and versatility of the title <span class="hlt">compounds</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EML....11..276K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EML....11..276K"><span>Structural and thermoelectric properties of n-<span class="hlt">type</span> Sr1- x Ti x MnO<span class="hlt">3</span>- δ <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kim, C. M.; Seo, J. W.; Choi, S.-M.; Seo, W.-S.; Lee, S.; Lim, Y. S.; Park, K.</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>A series of Sr1- x Ti x MnO<span class="hlt">3</span>- δ (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.<span class="hlt">3</span>) was fabricated by the solid-state reaction method. We studied the structural and thermoelectric properties of Sr1- x Ti x MnO<span class="hlt">3</span>- δ , with respect to the partial substitution of Ti4+ for Sr2+. The sintered Sr1- x Ti x MnO<span class="hlt">3</span>- δ crystallized in the hexagonal <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> structure with a space group of P6 <span class="hlt">3</span> / mmc. For x ≤ 0.1, the partial substitution of Ti4+ for Sr2+ led to increases in the electrical conductivity and the absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient, thus enhancing the power factor. The highest power factor (2.5 × 10-5 Wm-1K-2) was obtained for Sr0.9Ti0.1MnO<span class="hlt">3</span>- δ at 800°C. The partial substitution of Ti4+ for Sr2+ in SrMnO<span class="hlt">3</span>- δ led to a significant improvement in the thermoelectric properties. [Figure not available: see fulltext.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28028639','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28028639"><span>Relationship between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and clinicopathological factors and their effect on the survival of Japanese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shiratori, Fumiaki; Shimada, Hideaki; Yajima, Satoshi; Suzuki, Takashi; Oshima, Yoko; Nanami, Tatsuki; Ito, Masaaki; Kaneko, Hironori</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Several studies have evaluated the association between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and the prognosis of various <span class="hlt">types</span> of cancer; however, little is known about the relationship between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We investigated how <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and clinicopathological characteristics are related to the survival of Japanese patients with esophageal SCC. We reviewed the medical records of 181 patients who underwent surgery for esophageal SCC between June, 2004 and December, 2015 and analyzed the association between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and clinicopathological factors. Clinicopathological factors were also evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses for possible association with survival. The prevalence of each blood group was as follows: A, 35.5%; B, 22.4%; O, 32.8%; and AB, 8.2%. The 5-year overall survival of all patients was 37.1%. Patients with non-<span class="hlt">type</span> B blood had significantly worse 5-year overall survival than those with <span class="hlt">type</span> B blood (30.2 vs. 58.8%, P < 0.05). <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups were associated with the survival of Japanese patients with esophageal SCC. Patients with non-B blood groups had significantly worse overall survival than those with the B blood group.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..MARV44001R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..MARV44001R"><span>Inverse <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> - A New Platform For <span class="hlt">3</span>D Dirac Electron Physics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rost, A. W.; Kim, J.; Shota, S.; Hayama, K.; Abdolazimi, V.; Bruin, J. A. N.; Muehle, C.; Schnyder, A.; Yaresko, A. N.; Nuss, J.; Takagi, H.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">3</span>D Dirac semimetals show a wealth of phenomena including ultrahigh mobility, extreme transverse magnetoresistance and potential for negative longitudinal magnetoresistance. Furthermore, by introducing a gap these are often found to be topological crystalline insulators. Here, I will introduce our experiments on a new family of <span class="hlt">3</span>D Dirac materials - the inverse <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> A<span class="hlt">3</span>BO (A =Ca,Sr,Eu/B =Pb,Sn). These open up the possibility to chemically control the properties of Dirac electrons including (i) the anisotropy of the Dirac dispersion, (ii) role of spin orbit coupling, and (iii) magnetism. Our physical property measurements show all (Ca/Sr)<span class="hlt">3</span>(Pb/Sn)O <span class="hlt">compounds</span> host Dirac electrons at the Fermi energy with no other bands crossing EF. Quantum oscillations unveil small Fermi surfaces (frequencies <5 T) and light carriers (<0.02 me) only consistent with Dirac electrons. With the successful synthesis of Sr<span class="hlt">3</span>Pb0.5Sn0.5O this group of materials therefore offers a unique chemical control over the physical properties of <span class="hlt">3</span>D Dirac electrons. Crucially, Eu<span class="hlt">3</span>(Pb/Sn)O <span class="hlt">compounds</span> allow for the introduction of magnetism. I will discuss the implications of this in particular with respect to surface states in these topological crystalline insulators.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1170068-strain-accommodation-facile-wo6-octahedral-distortion-tilting-during-wo3-heteroepitaxy-srtio3','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1170068-strain-accommodation-facile-wo6-octahedral-distortion-tilting-during-wo3-heteroepitaxy-srtio3"><span>Strain Accommodation By Facile WO6 Octahedral Distortion and Tilting During WO<span class="hlt">3</span> Heteroepitaxy on SrTiO<span class="hlt">3</span>(001)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Du, Yingge; Gu, Meng; Varga, Tamas</p> <p>2014-08-27</p> <p>In this paper, we show that compared to other BO6 octahedra in <span class="hlt">ABO</span><span class="hlt">3</span> structured <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides, the WO6 octahedra in tungsten trioxide (WO<span class="hlt">3</span>) can withstand a much larger degree of distortion and tilting to accommodate interfacial strain, which in turn strongly impact the nucleation, structure, and defect formation during the epitaxial growth of WO<span class="hlt">3</span> on SrTiO<span class="hlt">3</span>(001). A meta-stable tetragonal phase can be stabilized by epitaxy and a thickness dependent phase transition (tetragonal to monoclinic) is observed. In contrast to misfit dislocations to accommodate the interfacial stain, the facial WO6 octahedral distortion and tilting give rise to three <span class="hlt">types</span> of planarmore » defects that affect more than 15 monolayers from the interface. These atomically resolved, unusual interfacial defects may significantly alter the electronic, electrochromic, and mechanical properties of the epitaxial films.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........29A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........29A"><span>Vapor Grown <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abdussamad Abbas, Hisham</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> solar cells has been the fastest growing solar cell material till date with verified efficiencies of over 22%. Most groups in the world focuses their research on solution based devices that has residual solvent in the material bulk. This work focuses extensively on the fabrication and properties of vapor based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> devices that is devoid of solvents. The initial part of my work focuses on the detailed fabrication of high efficiency consistent sequential vapor NIP devices made using P<span class="hlt">3</span>HT as P-<span class="hlt">type</span> <span class="hlt">Type</span> II heterojunction. The sequential vapor devices experiences device anomalies like voltage evolution and IV hysteresis owing to charge trapping in TiO2. Hence, sequential PIN devices were fabricated using doped <span class="hlt">Type</span>-II heterojunctions that had no device anomalies. The sequential PIN devices has processing restriction, as organic <span class="hlt">Type</span>-II heterojunction materials cannot withstand high processing temperature, hence limiting device efficiency. Thereby bringing the need of co-evaporation for fabricating high efficiency consistent PIN devices, the approach has no-restriction on substrates and offers stoichiometric control. A comprehensive description of the fabrication, Co-evaporator setup and how to build it is described. The results of Co-evaporated devices clearly show that grain size, stoichiometry and doped transport layers are all critical for eliminating device anomalies and in fabricating high efficiency devices. Finally, Formamidinium based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> were fabricated using sequential approach. A thermal degradation study was conducted on Methyl Ammonium Vs. Formamidinium based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films, Formamidinium based <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> were found to be more stable. Lastly, inorganic films such as CdS and Nickel oxide were developed in this work.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1427536-single-crystalline-ch3nh3pbi3-self-grown-fto-tio2-substrate-high-efficiency-perovskite-solar-cells','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1427536-single-crystalline-ch3nh3pbi3-self-grown-fto-tio2-substrate-high-efficiency-perovskite-solar-cells"><span>Single crystalline CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> self-grown on FTO/TiO 2 substrate for high efficiency <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zhao, Jinjin; Kong, Guoli; Chen, Shulin</p> <p></p> <p>In this work, we developed an innovative approach to self-grow single crystalline CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> directly on polycrystalline FTO/TiO 2 substrate, with which n-i-p <span class="hlt">type</span> of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells were fabricated. The single crystalline nature of CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and it is observed that they possess smaller optic band gap and longer carrier life time. Highly efficient charge extractions occur at the interface between electron collecting TiO 2 and photo-harvesting CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span>, resulting in a maximum short-circuit current density of 24.40 mA/cm 2. Themore » champion cell possesses a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 8.78%, and there are still substantial room for further improvement, making it promising for the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell applications.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1427536-single-crystalline-ch3nh3pbi3-self-grown-fto-tio2-substrate-high-efficiency-perovskite-solar-cells','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1427536-single-crystalline-ch3nh3pbi3-self-grown-fto-tio2-substrate-high-efficiency-perovskite-solar-cells"><span>Single crystalline CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> self-grown on FTO/TiO 2 substrate for high efficiency <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Zhao, Jinjin; Kong, Guoli; Chen, Shulin; ...</p> <p>2017-08-21</p> <p>In this work, we developed an innovative approach to self-grow single crystalline CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> directly on polycrystalline FTO/TiO 2 substrate, with which n-i-p <span class="hlt">type</span> of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells were fabricated. The single crystalline nature of CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and it is observed that they possess smaller optic band gap and longer carrier life time. Highly efficient charge extractions occur at the interface between electron collecting TiO 2 and photo-harvesting CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span>, resulting in a maximum short-circuit current density of 24.40 mA/cm 2. Themore » champion cell possesses a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 8.78%, and there are still substantial room for further improvement, making it promising for the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell applications.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhRvB..83p1101O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhRvB..83p1101O"><span>Acceleration of domain wall movement by photoirradiation in <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> cobaltite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Okimoto, Y.; Kurashima, M.; Seko, K.; Ishikawa, T.; Onda, K.; Koshihara, S.; Kyomen, T.; Itoh, M.</p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>Femtosecond reflection spectroscopy was performed on a <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> cobalt oxide, namely, Pr0.5Ca0.5CoO<span class="hlt">3</span>, that undergoes a photoinduced spin-state transition. After photoirradiation at 30 K, the time profile of the reflectance change shows a broad peak reflecting the propagation of the photodomain (about 60 Co sites per one photon). Analysis of the peak position indicates the sudden increase of the velocity of the propagation with increasing the excitation intensity. Such acceleration with increase in fluence originates from an abrupt sound velocity change driven by a cooperative photoinduced structural transition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29709191','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29709191"><span>Cation-Dependent Light-Induced Halide Demixing in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sutter-Fella, Carolin M; Ngo, Quynh P; Cefarin, Nicola; Gardner, Kira L; Tamura, Nobumichi; Stan, Camelia V; Drisdell, Walter S; Javey, Ali; Toma, Francesca M; Sharp, Ian D</p> <p>2018-06-13</p> <p>Mixed cation metal halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> with increased power conversion efficiency, negligible hysteresis, and improved long-term stability under illumination, moisture, and thermal stressing have emerged as promising <span class="hlt">compounds</span> for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we shed light on photoinduced halide demixing using in situ photoluminescence spectroscopy and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) to directly compare the evolution of composition and phase changes in CH(NH 2 ) 2 CsPb-halide (FACsPb-) and CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> Pb-halide (MAPb-) <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> upon illumination, thereby providing insights into why FACs-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are less prone to halide demixing than MA-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. We find that halide demixing occurs in both materials. However, the I-rich domains formed during demixing accumulate strain in FACsPb-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span> but readily relax in MA-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. The accumulated strain energy is expected to act as a stabilizing force against halide demixing and may explain the higher Br composition threshold for demixing to occur in FACsPb-halides. In addition, we find that while halide demixing leads to a quenching of the high-energy photoluminescence emission from MA-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, the emission is enhanced from FACs-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. This behavior points to a reduction of nonradiative recombination centers in FACs-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span> arising from the demixing process and buildup of strain. FACsPb-halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> exhibit excellent intrinsic material properties with photoluminescence quantum yields that are comparable to MA-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. Because improved stability is achieved without sacrificing electronic properties, these compositions are better candidates for photovoltaic applications, especially as wide bandgap absorbers in tandem cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MRE.....5a6412A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MRE.....5a6412A"><span>Efficiency enhancement of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells using structural and morphological improvement of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> absorber layers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Alidaei, Maryam; Izadifard, Morteza; Ghazi, Mohammad E.; Ahmadi, Vahid</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> solar cells have been heavily investigated due to their unique properties such as high power conversion efficiency (PCE), low-cost fabrication by solution processes, high diffusion length, large absorption coefficient, and direct and tunable band gap. PCE of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> devices is strongly dependent on the absorber layer properties such as morphology, crystallinity, and compactness, which are required to be optimized. In this work, the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> (170-480 nm) absorber layers with various methylammonium iodine (MAI) concentrations (7, 10, 20 and 40 mg ml-1) and <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells with the fluorine-doped tin oxide (400 nm)/C-TiO2 (30 nm)/Meso-TiO2 (400 nm)/CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> (170-480 nm)/P<span class="hlt">3</span>HT (30 nm)/Au (100 nm) structure were fabricated. A two-step solution process was used for deposition of the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> absorber layers. The morphology, crystal structure, and optical properties of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer grown on glass and also the photovoltaic properties of the fabricated solar cells were studied. The results obtained showed that by controlling the deposition conditions, due to the reduction in charge recombination, PCE enhancement of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell (up to 11.6%) was accessible.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT........13I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT........13I"><span><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Oxide Thin Film Growth, Characterization, and Stability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Izumi, Andrew</p> <p></p> <p>Studies into a class of materials known as complex oxides have evoked a great deal of interest due to their unique magnetic, ferroelectric, and superconducting properties. In particular, materials with the <span class="hlt">ABO</span><span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure have highly tunable properties because of the high stability of the structure, which allows for large scale doping and strain. This also allows for a large selection of A and B cations and valences, which can further modify the material's electronic structure. Additionally, deposition of these materials as thin films and superlattices through techniques such as pulsed laser deposition (PLD) results in novel properties due to the reduced dimensionality of the material. The novel properties of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide heterostructures can be traced to a several sources, including chemical intermixing, strain and defect formation, and electronic reconstruction. The correlations between microstructure and physical properties must be investigated by examining the physical and electronic structure of <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> in order to understand this class of materials. Some <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> can undergo phase changes due to temperature, electrical fields, and magnetic fields. In this work we investigated Nd0.5Sr 0.5MnO<span class="hlt">3</span> (NSMO), which undergoes a first order magnetic and electronic transition at T=158K in bulk form. Above this temperature NSMO is a ferromagnetic metal, but transitions into an antiferromagnetic insulator as the temperature is decreased. This rapid transition has interesting potential in memory devices. However, when NSMO is deposited on (001)-oriented SrTiO <span class="hlt">3</span> (STO) or (001)-oriented (LaAlO<span class="hlt">3)0.3</span>-(Sr 2AlTaO6)0.7 (LSAT) substrates, this transition is lost. It has been reported in the literature that depositing NSMO on (110)-oriented STO allows for the transition to reemerge due to the partial epitaxial growth, where the NSMO film is strained along the [001] surface axis and partially relaxed along the [11¯0] surface axis. This allows the NSMO film enough</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ChPhB..25g8108Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ChPhB..25g8108Y"><span>A-site ordered quadruple <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Youwen, Long</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>The A-site ordered <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides with chemical formula display many intriguing physical properties due to the introduction of transition metals at both A‧ and B sites. Here, research on the recently discovered intermetallic charge transfer occurring between A‧-site Cu and B-site Fe ions in LaCu<span class="hlt">3</span>Fe4O12 and its analogues is reviewed, along with work on the magnetoelectric multiferroicity observed in LaMn<span class="hlt">3</span>Cr4O12 with cubic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure. The Cu-Fe intermetallic charge transfer leads to a first-order isostructural phase transition accompanied by drastic variations in magnetism and electrical transport properties. The LaMn<span class="hlt">3</span>Cr4O12 is a novel spin-driven multiferroic system with strong magnetoelectric coupling effects. The <span class="hlt">compound</span> is the first example of cubic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> multiferroics to be found. It opens up a new arena for studying unexpected multiferroic mechanisms. Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB921500), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB07030300), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11574378).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5399441','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5399441"><span>Annealing Induced Re-crystallization in CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>−xClx for High Performance <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yang, Yingguo; Feng, Shanglei; Li, Meng; Xu, Weidong; Yin, Guangzhi; Wang, Zhaokui; Sun, Baoquan; Gao, Xingyu</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Using poly(<span class="hlt">3</span>,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as hole conductor, a series of inverted planar CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>−xClx <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated based on <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> annealed by an improved time-temperature dependent (TTD) procedure in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere for different time. Only after an optimum annealing time, an optimized power conversion efficiency of 14.36% could be achieved. To understand their performance dependence on annealing time, an in situ real-time synchrotron-based grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) was used to monitor a step-by-step gradual structure transformation from distinct mainly organic-inorganic hybrid materials into highly ordered CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> crystal during annealing. However, a re-crystallization process of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal was observed for the first time during such an annealing procedure, which helps to enhance the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystallization and preferential orientations. The present GIXRD findings could well explain the drops of the open circuit voltage (Voc) and the fill factor (FF) during the ramping of temperature as well as the optimized power conversion efficiency achieved after an optimum annealing time. Thus, the present study not only illustrates clearly the decisive roles of post-annealing in the formation of solution-processed <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> to better understand its formation mechanism, but also demonstrates the crucial dependences of device performance on the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> microstructure in PSCs. PMID:28429762</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..349a2026F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..349a2026F"><span>Photocatalyst of <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> CaTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> Nanopowder Synthesized from CaO derived from Snail Shell in Comparison with The Use of CaO and CaCO<span class="hlt">3</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fatimah, I.; Rahmadianti, Y.; Pudiasari, R. A.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Calcium titanate belongs to the important group of <span class="hlt">compounds</span> with a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure having high dielectric loss for various applications including photocatalysis mechanism. Refer to the principles of green chemistry, in this work preparation of CaTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> was conducted by using CaO derived from snail shell. Aim of this research are to study the physicochemical character of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> derived from snail shell and its comparison with CaO and CaCO<span class="hlt">3</span> as Ca sources. Material preparation was performed by solid reaction of Ca sources with TiO2 under comparison with CaO and CaCO<span class="hlt">3</span> precursors. Mixture of Ca sources with TiO2 in certain proportion were ground and calcined at the temperature of 200 °C for 2 hs. Materials were characterized by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FTIR) and the photocatalytic activity was tested by using methylene blue photooxidation. <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> synthesized using CaO derived from snail shell exhibits the similar XRD pattern with that were prepared by using CaO and CaCO<span class="hlt">3</span>. From the photooxidation activity test, it is proven that CaTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> shows similar photocatalytic activity correspond to that were prepared by CaO and CaCO<span class="hlt">3</span>. Utilazation of shell as agricultural waste of the synthesis of CaTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is the novelty of this work. Furthermore, the study on material structure and photoactivity is the main focuses for the application in industry and environment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApSS..392..960C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApSS..392..960C"><span>Crack-free CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> layer via continuous dripping method for high-performance mesoporous <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Guo; Zheng, Jianghui; Zheng, LingLing; Yan, Xin; Lin, Huangding; Zhang, Fengyan</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The past five years have witnessed the uniquely rapid emergence of the mixed organic-inorganic halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. Here, a modified deposition process, continuous dripping method, is reported for fabricating high-performance and reproducible <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. We have systematically investigated the impact of different molar ratio of lead iodide (PbI2) to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the growth, morphology and crystallinity of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> (MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span>) films obtained via this process. The high power conversion efficiency (PCE) <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell originates in crack-free and highly crystallographic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films prepared with optimized ratio of PbI2 to DMSO in first precursor solution. The best PCE of 17.76% and an average PCE of 16.37 ± 0.51% were obtained via this process. Moreover, the conventional solution two steps method was also carried out as a comparison to this process. This work provides a new simple solution approach to obtain high quality of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> thin films for high-performance and reproducible PSCs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ChPhB..27c7503D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ChPhB..27c7503D"><span>Formation of unusual Cr5+ charge state in CaCr0.5Fe0.5O<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dai, Jian-Hong; Zhao, Qing; Sun, Qian; Zhang, Shuo; Wang, Xiao; Shen, Xu-Dong; Liu, Zhe-Hong; Shen, Xi; Yu, Ri-Cheng; Chan, Ting-Shan; Li, Lun-Xiong; Zhou, Guang-Hui; Yang, Yi-feng; Jin, Chang-Qing; Long, You-Wen</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>A new oxide CaCr0.5Fe0.5O<span class="hlt">3</span> was prepared under high pressure and temperature conditions. It crystallizes in a B-site disordered Pbnm <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure. The charge combination is determined to be Cr5+/Fe<span class="hlt">3</span>+ with the presence of unusual Cr5+ state in octahedral coordination, although Cr4+ and Fe4+ occur in the related <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> CaCrO<span class="hlt">3</span> and CaFeO<span class="hlt">3</span>. The randomly distributed Cr5+ and Fe<span class="hlt">3</span>+ spins lead to short-range ferromagnetic coupling, whereas an antiferromagnetic phase transition takes place near 50 K due to the Fe<span class="hlt">3</span>+–O–Fe<span class="hlt">3</span>+ interaction. In spite of the B-site Cr5+/Fe<span class="hlt">3</span>+ disorder, the <span class="hlt">compound</span> exhibits electrical insulating behavior. First-principles calculations further demonstrate the formation of {CaCr}}0.55+{Fe}}0.53+{{{O}}}<span class="hlt">3</span> charge combination, and the electron correlation effect of Fe<span class="hlt">3</span>+ plays an important role for the insulting ground state. CaCr0.5Fe0.5O<span class="hlt">3</span> provides the first Cr5+ <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> system with octahedral coordination, opening a new avenue to explore novel transition-metal oxides with exotic charge states. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11574378, 51772324, and 61404052),the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB921500), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. YZ201555, QYZDB-SSW-SLH013, GJHZ1773, and XDB07030300).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191566','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191566"><span><span class="hlt">Type</span>-inversion as a working mechanism of high voltage MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span>(Cl)-based halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kedem, Nir; Kulbak, Michael; Brenner, Thomas M; Hodes, Gary; Cahen, David</p> <p>2017-02-22</p> <p>Using several metals with different work functions as solar cell back contact we identify majority carrier <span class="hlt">type</span> inversion in methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span>, without intentional doping) as the basis for the formation of a p-n junction. MAPbBr <span class="hlt">3</span> films deposited on TiO 2 are slightly n-<span class="hlt">type</span>, whereas in a full device they are strongly p-<span class="hlt">type</span>. The charge transfer between the metal electrode and the halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (HaP) film is shown to determine the dominant charge carrier <span class="hlt">type</span> of the HaP and, thus, also of the final cells. Usage of Pt, Au and Pb as metal electrodes shows the effects of metal work function on minority carrier diffusion length and majority carrier concentration in the HaP, as well as on built-in voltage, band bending, and open circuit voltage (V OC ) within a solar cell. V OC > 1.5 V is demonstrated. The higher the metal WF, the higher the carrier concentration induced in the HaP, as indicated by a narrower space charge region and a smaller minority carrier diffusion length. From the analysis of bias-dependent electron beam-induced currents, the HaP carrier concentrations are estimated to be ∼ 1 × 10 17 cm -<span class="hlt">3</span> with Au and 2-<span class="hlt">3</span> × 10 18 cm -<span class="hlt">3</span> with Pt. A model in which <span class="hlt">type</span>-inversion stretches across the entire film width implies formation of the p-n junction away from the interface, near the back-contact metal electrode. This work highlights the importance of the contact metal on device performance in that contact engineering can also serve to control the carrier concentration in HaP.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26020457','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26020457"><span>2D Homologous <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> as Light-Absorbing Materials for Solar Cell Applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cao, Duyen H; Stoumpos, Constantinos C; Farha, Omar K; Hupp, Joseph T; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G</p> <p>2015-06-24</p> <p>We report on the fabrication and properties of the semiconducting 2D (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>(CH2)<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>)2(CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>)(n-1)Pb(n)I(<span class="hlt">3</span>n+1) (n = 1, 2, <span class="hlt">3</span>, and 4) <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> thin films. The band gaps of the series decrease with increasing n values, from 2.24 eV (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>(CH2)<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>)2PbI4 (n = 1) to 1.52 eV CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> (n = ∞). The <span class="hlt">compounds</span> exhibit strong light absorption in the visible region, accompanied by strong photoluminescence at room temperature, rendering them promising light absorbers for photovoltaic applications. Moreover, we find that thin films of the semi-2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> display an ultrahigh surface coverage as a result of the unusual film self-assembly that orients the [Pb(n)I(<span class="hlt">3</span>n+1)](-) layers perpendicular to the substrates. We have successfully implemented this 2D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> family in solid-state solar cells, and obtained an initial power conversion efficiency of 4.02%, featuring an open-circuit voltage (V(oc)) of 929 mV and a short-circuit current density (J(sc)) of 9.42 mA/cm(2) from the n = <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">compound</span>. This result is even more encouraging considering that the device retains its performance after long exposure to a high-humidity environment. Overall, the homologous 2D halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> define a promising class of stable and efficient light-absorbing materials for solid-state photovoltaics and other applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900018498','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900018498"><span>Energetics and crystal chemistry of Ruddlesden-Popper <span class="hlt">type</span> structures in high T(sub c) ceramic superconductors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Dwivedi, Anurag; Cormack, A. N.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The formation of Ruddlesden-Popper <span class="hlt">type</span> layers (alternating slabs of rocksalt and <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structures) is seen in these oxides which is similar in many respects to what is seen in the system Sr-Ti-O. However, it was observed that there are some significant differences, for example the rocksalt and <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> blocks in new superconducting <span class="hlt">compounds</span> are not necessarily electrically, unlike in Sr-Ti-O systems. This will certainly render an additional coulombic bonding energy between two different <span class="hlt">types</span> of blocks and may well lead to significant differences in their structural chemistry. In the higher order members of the various homologous series, additional Cu-O planes are inserted in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> blocks. In order for the unit cell to electrically neutral the net positive charge on rocksalt block (which remains constant throughout the homologous series) should be balanced by an equal negative charge on <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> block. It, thus becomes necessary to create oxygen vacancies in the basic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure, when width of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> slab changes on addition of extra Cu-O planes. Results of atomistic simulations suggest that these missing oxygen ions allow the Cu-O planes to buckle in these <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. This is also supported by the absence of buckling in the first member of Bi-containing <span class="hlt">compounds</span> in which there are no missing oxygen ions and the Sr-Ti-O series of <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. Additional results are presented on the phase stability of polytypoid structures in these crystal chemically complex systems. The studies will focus on the determination of the location of Cu(<span class="hlt">3</span>+) in the structures of higher order members of the La-Cu-O system and whether Cu(<span class="hlt">3</span>+) ions or oxygen vacancies are energetically more favorable charge compensating mechanism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25223549','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25223549"><span>A novel paper-based assay for the simultaneous determination of Rh <span class="hlt">typing</span> and forward and reverse <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Noiphung, Julaluk; Talalak, Kwanrutai; Hongwarittorrn, Irin; Pupinyo, Naricha; Thirabowonkitphithan, Pannawich; Laiwattanapaisal, Wanida</p> <p>2015-05-15</p> <p>We propose a new, paper-based analytical device (PAD) for blood <span class="hlt">typing</span> that allows for the simultaneous determination of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh blood groups on the same device. The device was successfully fabricated by using a combination of wax printing and wax dipping methods. A 1:2 blood dilution was used for forward grouping, whereas whole blood could be used for reverse grouping. A 30% cell suspension of A-cells or B-cells was used for haemagglutination on the reverse grouping side. The total assay time was 10 min. The ratio between the distance of red blood cell movement and plasma separation is the criterion for agglutination and indicates the presence of the corresponding antigen or antibody. The proposed PAD has excellent reproducibility in that the same blood groups, namely A, AB, and O, were reported by using different PADs that were fabricated on the same day (n=10). The accuracy for detecting blood group A (n=12), B (n=13), AB (n=9), O (n=14), and Rh (n=48) <span class="hlt">typing</span> were 92%, 85%, 89%, 93%, and 96%, respectively, in comparison with the conventional slide test method. The haematocrit of the sample affects the accuracy of the results, and appropriate dilution is suggested before <span class="hlt">typing</span>. In conclusion, this study proposes a novel method that is straightforward, time-saving, and inexpensive for the simultaneous determination of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh blood groups, which is promising for use in developing countries. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4046796','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4046796"><span>Thermally Induced Structural Evolution and Performance of Mesoporous Block Copolymer-Directed Alumina <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Structure control in solution-processed hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> is crucial to design and fabricate highly efficient solar cells. Here, we utilize in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the structural evolution and film morphologies of methylammonium lead tri-iodide/chloride (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>–xClx) in mesoporous block copolymer derived alumina superstructures during thermal annealing. We show the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>–xClx material evolution to be characterized by three distinct structures: a crystalline precursor structure not described previously, a <span class="hlt">3</span>D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure, and a mixture of <span class="hlt">compounds</span> resulting from degradation. Finally, we demonstrate how understanding the processing parameters provides the foundation needed for optimal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film morphology and coverage, leading to enhanced block copolymer-directed <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell performance. PMID:24684494</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NRL....13...79S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NRL....13...79S"><span>Evolution of Photoluminescence, Raman, and Structure of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Microwires Under Humidity Exposure</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Segovia, Rubén; Qu, Geyang; Peng, Miao; Sun, Xiudong; Shi, Hongyan; Gao, Bo</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Self-assembled organic-inorganic CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> microwires (MWs) upon humidity exposure along several weeks were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We show that, in addition to the common <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> decomposition into PbI2 and the formation of a hydrated phase, humidity induced a gradual PL redshift at the initial weeks that is stabilized for longer exposure ( 21 nm over the degradation process) and an intensity enhancement. Original <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> Raman band and XRD reflections slightly shifted upon humidity, indicating defects formation and structure distortion of the MWs crystal lattice. By correlating the PL, Raman, and XRD results, it is believed that the redshift of the MWs PL emission was originated from the structural disorder caused by the incorporation of H2O molecules in the crystal lattice and radiative recombination through moisture-induced subgap trap states. Our study provides insights into the optical and structural response of organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials upon humidity exposure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28653406','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28653406"><span>An exonic missense mutation c.28G>A is associated with weak B blood group by affecting RNA splicing of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> gene.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cai, Xiaohong; Qian, Chengrui; Wu, Wenman; Lei, Hang; Ding, Qiulan; Zou, Wei; Xiang, Dong; Wang, Xuefeng</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The amino acid substitutions caused by <span class="hlt">ABO</span> gene mutations are usually predicted to impact glycosyltransferase's function or its biosynthesis. Here we report an <span class="hlt">ABO</span> exonic missense mutation that affects B-antigen expression by decreasing the mRNA level of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> gene rather than the amino acid change. Serologic studies including plasma total GTB transfer capacity were performed. The exon sequences of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> gene were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. B 310 cDNA with c.28G>A (p.G10R) mutation was expressed in HeLa cells and total GTB transfer capacity in cell supernatant was measured. Flow cytometry was performed on these HeLa cells after transfection, and agglutination of Hela-B weak cells was also examined. The mRNA of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> gene was analyzed by direct sequencing and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. A minigene construct was prepared to evaluate the potential of splicing. While plasma total GTB transfer capacity was undetectable in this B <span class="hlt">3</span> -like individual, the relative percentage of antigen-expressing cells and mean fluorescence index of the B weak red blood cells (RBCs) were 19 and 14% of normal B RBCs, respectively. There was no significant difference of total GTB transfer capacity in cell supernatant and B-antigen expression on cell surfaces between HeLa cells transfected with B 310 cDNA and B cDNA. The mRNA expression level of B 310 in peripheral whole blood was significantly reduced. The amount of splicing is significantly lower in c.28G>A construct compared to that in wild-<span class="hlt">type</span> construct after transfection in K562 cells. <span class="hlt">ABO</span> c.28G>A mutation may cause B <span class="hlt">3</span> -like subgroup by affecting RNA splicing of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> gene. © 2017 AABB.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29334099','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29334099"><span>Composition-dependent emission linewidth broadening in lead bromide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (APbBr<span class="hlt">3</span>, A = Cs and CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>) nanoparticles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ham, Sujin; Chung, Heejae; Kim, Tae-Woo; Kim, Jiwon; Kim, Dongho</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanoparticles (NPs) are attractive as they exhibit excellent color purity and have a tunable band gap, and can thus be applied in highly efficient photovoltaic and light-emitting diodes. Fundamental studies of emission linewidth broadening due to spectral shifts in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NPs may suggest a way to improve their color purity. However, the carrier-induced Stark shift that causes spectral diffusion still requires investigation. In this study, we explore composition-related emission linewidth broadening by comparing CsPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> and CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbBr <span class="hlt">3</span> (MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span>) <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NPs. We find that the MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> NPs are more sensitive to fluctuations in the local electric fields than the CsPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> NPs due to an intrinsic difference in the dipole moment between the two A cations (Cs and MA), which shows a carrier-induced Stark shift. The results indicate that the compositions of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> NPs are closely associated with emission linewidth broadening and they also provide insights into the development of NP-based devices with high color purity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604045','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604045"><span>Molecular genotyping of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups in some population groups from India.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ray, Sabita; Gorakshakar, Ajit C; Vasantha, K; Nadkarni, Anita; Italia, Yazdi; Ghosh, Kanjaksha</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Indian population is characterized by the presence of various castes and tribal groups. Various genetic polymorphisms have been used to differentiate among these groups. Amongst these, the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group system has been extensively studied. There is no information on molecular genotyping of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups from India. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to characterize the common A, B and O alleles by molecular analysis in some Indian population groups. One hundred samples from the mixed population from Mumbai, 101 samples from the Dhodia tribe and 100 samples from the Parsi community were included in this study. Initially, the samples were phenotyped by standard serologic techniques. PCR followed by single strand conformational polymorphsim (SSCP) was used for molecular <span class="hlt">ABO</span> genotyping. Samples showing atypical SSCP patterns were further analysed by DNA sequencing to characterize rare alleles. Seven common <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alleles with 19 different genotypes were found in the mixed population. The Dhodias showed 12 different <span class="hlt">ABO</span> genotypes and the Parsis revealed 15 different <span class="hlt">ABO</span> genotypes with six common <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alleles identified in each of them. Two rare alleles were also identified. This study reports the distribution of molecular genotypes of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alleles among some population groups from India. Considering the extremely heterogeneous nature of the Indian population, in terms of various genotype markers like blood groups, red cell enzymes, etc., many more <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alleles are likely to be encountered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1874d0049T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1874d0049T"><span>Resonant halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanoparticles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tiguntseva, Ekaterina Y.; Ishteev, Arthur R.; Komissarenko, Filipp E.; Zuev, Dmitry A.; Ushakova, Elena V.; Milichko, Valentin A.; Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander; Makarov, Sergey V.; Zakhidov, Anvar A.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The hybrid halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> is a prospective material for fabrication of cost-effective optical devices. Unique <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> properties are used for solar cells and different photonic applications. Recently, <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-based nanophotonics has emerged. Here, we consider <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> like a high-refractive index dielectric material, which can be considered to be a basis for nanoparticles fabrication with Mie resonances. As a result, we fabricate and study resonant <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanoparticles with different sizes. We reveal, that spherical nanoparticles show enhanced photoluminescence signal. The achieved results lay a cornerstone in the field of novel <span class="hlt">types</span> of organic-inorganic nanophotonics devices with optical properties improved by Mie resonances.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1399090','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1399090"><span>Non-hydrolytic metal oxide films for <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halide overcoating and stabilization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Martinson, Alex B.; Kim, In Soo</p> <p></p> <p>A method of protecting a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halide film from moisture and temperature includes positioning the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halide film in a chamber. The chamber is maintained at a temperature of less than 200 degrees Celsius. An organo-metal <span class="hlt">compound</span> is inserted into the chamber. A non-hydrolytic oxygen source is subsequently inserted into the chamber. The inserting of the organo-metal <span class="hlt">compound</span> and subsequent inserting of the non-hydrolytic oxygen source into the chamber is repeated for a predetermined number of cycles. The non-hydrolytic oxygen source and the organo-metal <span class="hlt">compound</span> interact in the chamber to deposit a non-hydrolytic metal oxide film on <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halide film.more » The non-hydrolytic metal oxide film protects the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halide film from relative humidity of greater than 35% and a temperature of greater than 150 degrees Celsius, respectively.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29194343','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29194343"><span>Blood Mixing Upregulates Platelet Membrane-Bound CD40 Ligand Expression in vitro Independent of <span class="hlt">Abo</span> Compatibility.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Go-Shine; Hu, Mei-Hua; Lin, Tso-Chou; Lin, Yi-Chang; Tsai, Yi-Ting; Lin, Chih-Yuan; Ke, Hung-Yen; Zheng, Xu-Zhi; Tsai, Chien-Sung</p> <p>2017-11-30</p> <p>Platelets play a central role in the inflammation response via CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression, which may lead to transfusion reactions. The precise role of platelet CD40L-mediated inflammation in transfusion reactions is unclear. Therefore, we assessed the effects of in vitro blood mixing on platelet CD40L expression. In addition, we examined the effect of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> compatibility on CD40L expression. Donor packed red blood cells were acquired from a blood bank, and recipient blood was obtained from patients undergoing cardiac surgery and prepared as washed platelets. Donor blood was mixed with suspended, washed recipient platelets to obtain a final mixing ratio of 1%, 5%, or 10% (vol/vol). The blood mixtures were divided into three groups: Group M, cross-matched blood-<span class="hlt">type</span> mixing (n = 20); Group S, <span class="hlt">ABO</span> <span class="hlt">type</span>-specific uncross-matched blood (n = 20); and Group I, <span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatibility (not <span class="hlt">ABO</span> <span class="hlt">type</span>-specific blood and not process cross-matched) mixing (n = 20). The blood mixtures were used to detect platelet membrane-bound CD40L expression by flow cytometry. Blood mixing resulted in an increase in CD40L expression in Group M (P < 0.001), Group S (P < 0.001), and Group I (P < 0.001). CD40L expression following blood mixing potentially led to a transfusion reaction in each of the groups. There were no differences in CD40L expression among the three groups (P = 0.988) correlated with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> compatibility or incompatibility. This indicates that the reactions between red blood cell surface antigens and plasma antibodies do not play a role in the induction of CD40L expression.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApPhL.112g1103L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApPhL.112g1103L"><span>Efficient CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>/fullerene planar heterojunction hybrid solar cells with oxidized Ni/Au/Cu transparent electrode</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lai, Wei-Chih; Lin, Kun-Wei; Guo, Tzung-Fang; Chen, Peter; Liao, Yuan-Yu</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>We demonstrated the performance of inverted CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-based solar cells (SCs) with a thermally oxidized nickel/gold/copper (Ni/Au/Cu) trilayer transparent electrode. Oxidized Ni/Au/Cu is a high transparent layer and has less resistance than the oxidized Ni/Au layer. Like the oxidized Ni/Au layer, oxidized Ni and Cu in oxidized Ni/Au/Cu could perform as a hole transport layer of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-based SCs. It leads to improved <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> SC performance on an open circuit voltage of 1.01 V, a short circuit current density of 14.36 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 76.7%, and a power conversion efficiency (η%) of 11.1%. The η% of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> SCs with oxidized Ni (10 nm)/Au (6 nm)/Cu (1 nm) improved by approximately 10% compared with that of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> SCs with oxidized Ni/Au.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvB..97b4108K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvB..97b4108K"><span>Nature of the octahedral tilting phase transitions in <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>: A case study of CaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Klarbring, Johan; Simak, Sergei I.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The temperature-induced antiferrodistortive (AFD) structural phase transitions in CaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span>, a typical <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide, are studied using first-principles density functional theory calculations. These transitions are caused by tilting of the MnO6 octahedra that are related to unstable phonon modes in the high-symmetry cubic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase. Transitions due to octahedral tilting in <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> normally are believed to fit into the standard soft-mode picture of displacive phase transitions. We calculate phonon-dispersion relations and potential-energy landscapes as functions of the unstable phonon modes and argue based on the results that the phase transitions are better described as being of order-disorder <span class="hlt">type</span>. This means that the cubic phase emerges as a dynamical average when the system hops between local minima on the potential-energy surface. We then perform ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and find explicit evidence of the order-disorder dynamics in the system. Our conclusions are expected to be valid for other <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides, and we finally suggest how to predict the nature (displacive or order-disorder) of the AFD phase transitions in any <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580024','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580024"><span>Clinical use of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-Scoring Index: reliability and subtraction frequency.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lieber, William S; Carlson, Sean K; Baumrind, Sheldon; Poulton, Donald R</p> <p>2003-10-01</p> <p>This study tested the reliability and subtraction frequency of the study model-scoring system of the American Board of Orthodontists (<span class="hlt">ABO</span>). We used a sample of 36 posttreatment study models that were selected randomly from six different orthodontic offices. Intrajudge and interjudge reliability was calculated using nonparametric statistics (Spearman rank coefficient, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests). We found differences ranging from <span class="hlt">3</span> to 6 subtraction points (total score) for intrajudge scoring between two sessions. For overall total <span class="hlt">ABO</span> score, the average correlation was .77. Intrajudge correlation was greatest for occlusal relationships and least for interproximal contacts. Interjudge correlation for <span class="hlt">ABO</span> score averaged r = .85. Correlation was greatest for buccolingual inclination and least for overjet. The data show that some judges, on average, were much more lenient than others and that this resulted in a range of total scores between 19.7 and 27.5. Most of the deductions were found in the buccal segments and most were related to the second molars. We present these findings in the context of clinicians preparing for the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> phase III examination and for orthodontists in their ongoing evaluation of clinical results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29231743','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29231743"><span>Layered Halide Double <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> Cs<span class="hlt">3</span>+nM(II)nSb2X9+<span class="hlt">3</span>n (M = Sn, Ge) for Photovoltaic Applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tang, Gang; Xiao, Zewen; Hosono, Hideo; Kamiya, Toshio; Fang, Daining; Hong, Jiawang</p> <p>2018-01-04</p> <p>Over the past few years, the development of lead-free and stable <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> absorbers with excellent performance has attracted extensive attention. Much effort has been devoted to screening and synthesizing this <span class="hlt">type</span> of solar cell absorbers. Here, we present a general design strategy for designing the layered halide double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> Cs <span class="hlt">3</span>+n M(II) n Sb 2 X 9+<span class="hlt">3</span>n (M = Sn, Ge) with desired photovoltaic-relevant properties by inserting [MX 6 ] octahedral layers, based on the principles of increased electronic dimensionality. Compared to Cs <span class="hlt">3</span> Sb 2 I 9 , more suitable band gaps, smaller carrier effective masses, larger dielectric constants, lower exciton binding energies, and higher optical absorption can be achieved by inserting variable [SnI 6 ] or [GeI 6 ] octahedral layers into the [Sb 2 I 9 ] bilayers. Moreover, our results show that adjusting the thickness of inserted octahedral layers is an effective approach to tune the band gaps and carrier effective masses in a large range. Our work provides useful guidance for designing the promising layered antimony halide double <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> absorbers for photovoltaic applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28680138','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28680138"><span>Investigation of Thermally Induced Degradation in CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells using In-situ Synchrotron Radiation Analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Nam-Koo; Min, Young Hwan; Noh, Seokhwan; Cho, Eunkyung; Jeong, Gitaeg; Joo, Minho; Ahn, Seh-Won; Lee, Jeong Soo; Kim, Seongtak; Ihm, Kyuwook; Ahn, Hyungju; Kang, Yoonmook; Lee, Hae-Seok; Kim, Donghwan</p> <p>2017-07-05</p> <p>In this study, we employ a combination of various in-situ surface analysis techniques to investigate the thermally induced degradation processes in MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PeSCs) as a function of temperature under air-free conditions (no moisture and oxygen). Through a comprehensive approach that combines in-situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction (GIWAXD) and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) measurements, we confirm that the surface structure of MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film changes to an intermediate phase and decomposes to CH <span class="hlt">3</span> I, NH <span class="hlt">3</span> , and PbI 2 after both a short (20 min) exposure to heat stress at 100 °C and a long exposure (>1 hour) at 80 °C. Moreover, we observe clearly the changes in the orientation of CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> + organic cations with respect to the substrate in the intermediate phase, which might be linked directly to the thermal degradation processes in MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. These results provide important progress towards improved understanding of the thermal degradation mechanisms in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials and will facilitate improvements in the design and fabrication of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells with better thermal stability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IJMPB..3050141M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IJMPB..3050141M"><span>The first-principle study of the electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of XTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> (X = Ca, Sr and Ba) <span class="hlt">compounds</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mubarak, A. A.</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>The FP-LAPW method is utilized to investigate the elastic, optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of XTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> (X = Ca, Sr and Ba) within the GGA. The calculated lattice constants and bulk modulus are found in agreement with previous studies. The present oxide-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span> are characterized as elastically stable and anisotropic. CaTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> and SrTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> are categorized as ductile <span class="hlt">compounds</span>, whereas the BaTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">compound</span> is in the critical region between ductile and brittle. The DOS and the band structure calculations reveal indirect (M-Γ) energy bandgap for the present <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. The hydrostatic pressure increases the energy bandgap and the width of the valence band. The character of the band structure does not change due to this pressure. The optical parameters are calculated in different radiation regions. Beneficial optics applications are predicted as revealed from the optical spectra. The transport properties are applied as a function of the variable temperatures or carrier concentration. It is found that the <span class="hlt">compounds</span> under study are classified as a p-<span class="hlt">type</span> semiconductor. The majority charge carriers responsible for conduction in these calculated <span class="hlt">compounds</span> are holes rather than electrons.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5836283','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5836283"><span><span class="hlt">ABO</span>, Rhesus, and Kell Antigens, Alleles, and Haplotypes in West Bengal, India</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Basu, Debapriya; Datta, Suvro Sankha; Montemayor, Celina; Bhattacharya, Prasun; Mukherjee, Krishnendu; Flegel, Willy A.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Background Few studies have documented the blood group antigens in the population of eastern India. Frequencies of some common alleles and haplotypes were unknown. We describe phenotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies in the state of West Bengal, India. Methods We tested 1,528 blood donors at the Medical College Hospital, Kolkata. The common antigens of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span>, Rhesus, and Kell blood group systems were determined by standard serologic methods in tubes. Allele and haplotype frequencies were calculated with an iterative method that yielded maximum-likelihood estimates under the assumption of a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Results The prevalence of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> antigens were B (34%), O (32%), A (25%), and AB (9%) with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> allele frequencies for O = 0.567, A = 0.189, and B = 0.244. The D antigen (RH1) was observed in 96.6% of the blood donors with RH haplotype frequencies, such as for CDe = 0.688809, cde = 0.16983 and CdE = 0.000654. The K antigen (K1) was observed in 12 donors (0.79%) with KEL allele frequencies for K = 0.004 and k = 0.996. Conclusions: For the Bengali population living in the south of West Bengal, we established the frequencies of the major clinically relevant antigens in the <span class="hlt">ABO</span>, Rhesus, and Kell blood group systems and derived estimates for the underlying <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and KEL alleles and RH haplotypes. Such blood donor screening will improve the availability of compatible red cell units for transfusion. Our approach using widely available routine methods can readily be applied in other regions, where the sufficient supply of blood <span class="hlt">typed</span> for the Rh and K antigens is lacking. PMID:29593462</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948770','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948770"><span>High-Performance CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>-Inverted Planar <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells with Fill Factor Over 83% via Excess Organic/Inorganic Halide.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jahandar, Muhammad; Khan, Nasir; Lee, Hang Ken; Lee, Sang Kyu; Shin, Won Suk; Lee, Jong-Cheol; Song, Chang Eun; Moon, Sang-Jin</p> <p>2017-10-18</p> <p>The reduction of charge carrier recombination and intrinsic defect density in organic-inorganic halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> absorber materials is a prerequisite to achieving high-performance <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells with good efficiency and stability. Here, we fabricated inverted planar <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells by incorporation of a small amount of excess organic/inorganic halide (methylammonium iodide (CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> I; MAI), formamidinium iodide (CH(NH 2 ) 2 I; FAI), and cesium iodide (CsI)) in CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film. Larger crystalline grains and enhanced crystallinity in CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films with excess organic/inorganic halide reduce the charge carrier recombination and defect density, leading to enhanced device efficiency (MAI+: 14.49 ± 0.30%, FAI+: 16.22 ± 0.38% and CsI+: 17.52 ± 0.56%) compared to the efficiency of a control MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> device (MAI: 12.63 ± 0.64%) and device stability. Especially, the incorporation of a small amount of excess CsI in MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film leads to a highly reproducible fill factor of over 83%, increased open-circuit voltage (from 0.946 to 1.042 V), and short-circuit current density (from 18.43 to 20.89 mA/cm 2 ).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8956041','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8956041"><span>A rapid and reliable PCR method for genotyping the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group. II: A2 and O2 alleles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>O'Keefe, D S; Dobrovic, A</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>PCR permits direct genotyping of individuals at the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> locus. Several methods have been reported for genotyping <span class="hlt">ABO</span> that rely on differentiating the A, B, and O alleles at specific base substitutions. However, the O allele as defined by serology comprises at least two alleles (O1 and O2) at the molecular level, and most current <span class="hlt">ABO</span> genotyping methods only take into account the O1 allele. Determining the presence of the O2 allele is critical, as this not-infrequent allele would be mistyped as an A or a B allele by standard PCR <span class="hlt">typing</span> methods. Furthermore, none of the methods to date distinguish between the A1 and A2 alleles, even though 10% of all white persons are blood group A2. We have developed a method for genotyping the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> locus that takes the O2 and A2 alleles into account. <span class="hlt">Typing</span> for A2 and O2 by diagnostic restriction enzyme digestion is a sensitive, nonradioactive assay that provides a convenient method useful for forensic and paternity testing and for clarifying anomalous serological results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1953c0207P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1953c0207P"><span>Structural, optical and morphological studies of Cd2+ doping in CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> semiconductor at Pb2+ site for photovoltaic applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Parrey, Khursheed; Warish, Mohd.; Devi, Nisha; Niazi, A.; Aziz, A.; Ansari, S. G.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Doping of semiconductors in a controlled mannner have paramount technological importance as far as the optical and electronic properties of the devices are concerned. Hybrid organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> (HOPs) as intrinsic semiconductors have sensational properties required for both the solar photovoltaics and <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> light emitting diodes. However, undoped and complexity in the dpoing process of HOPs have limited their exploitation in the field of elcronics. In this papper we present the synthesis of HOP semiconductor (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>) doped in Pb2+ position by Cd2+. We studied the effect of the incorporation of Cd2+ into the crystalline structure and analysed the changes in the properties like crystal structure, optical absorption and the surface morphology. The structure of HOPs confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis is tetragonal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">type</span>. It can be found that the crystallinity of the samples was enhanced with the doping concentration as the intensity of diffraction peaks were observed to increase with doping. The absorption spectra as obtained from UV-Visible spectrophotometry and Tauc plot analysis indicated that the band gap observed (1.73 eV) is direct <span class="hlt">type</span> and gets reduced to 1.67 eV with the doping concentration. The red shift may be due to the increase in the size of nanocrystalline material with doping.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3994725','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3994725"><span>Molecular genotyping of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups in some population groups from India</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ray, Sabita; Gorakshakar, Ajit C.; Vasantha, K.; Nadkarni, Anita; Italia, Yazdi; Ghosh, Kanjaksha</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background & objectives: Indian population is characterized by the presence of various castes and tribal groups. Various genetic polymorphisms have been used to differentiate among these groups. Amongst these, the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group system has been extensively studied. There is no information on molecular genotyping of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups from India. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to characterize the common A, B and O alleles by molecular analysis in some Indian population groups. Methods: One hundred samples from the mixed population from Mumbai, 101 samples from the Dhodia tribe and 100 samples from the Parsi community were included in this study. Initially, the samples were phenotyped by standard serologic techniques. PCR followed by single strand conformational polymorphsim (SSCP) was used for molecular <span class="hlt">ABO</span> genotyping. Samples showing atypical SSCP patterns were further analysed by DNA sequencing to characterize rare alleles. Results: Seven common <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alleles with 19 different genotypes were found in the mixed population. The Dhodias showed 12 different <span class="hlt">ABO</span> genotypes and the Parsis revealed 15 different <span class="hlt">ABO</span> genotypes with six common <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alleles identified in each of them. Two rare alleles were also identified. Interpretation & conclusions: This study reports the distribution of molecular genotypes of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alleles among some population groups from India. Considering the extremely heterogeneous nature of the Indian population, in terms of various genotype markers like blood groups, red cell enzymes, etc., many more <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alleles are likely to be encountered. PMID:24604045</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1439237-cation-dependent-light-induced-halide-demixing-hybrid-organicinorganic-perovskites','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1439237-cation-dependent-light-induced-halide-demixing-hybrid-organicinorganic-perovskites"><span>Cation-Dependent Light-Induced Halide Demixing in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Sutter-Fella, Carolin M.; Ngo, Quynh P.; Cefarin, Nicola; ...</p> <p>2018-04-30</p> <p>Mixed cation metal halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> with increased power conversion efficiency, negligible hysteresis, and improved long-term stability under illumination, moisture, and thermal stressing have emerged as promising <span class="hlt">compounds</span> for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. In this paper, we shed light on photoinduced halide demixing using in situ photoluminescence spectroscopy and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) to directly compare the evolution of composition and phase changes in CH(NH 2) 2CsPb-halide (FACsPb-) and CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>Pb-halide (MAPb-) <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> upon illumination, thereby providing insights into why FACs-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are less prone to halide demixing than MA-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. We find that halide demixing occurs in both materials.more » However, the I-rich domains formed during demixing accumulate strain in FACsPb-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span> but readily relax in MA-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. The accumulated strain energy is expected to act as a stabilizing force against halide demixing and may explain the higher Br composition threshold for demixing to occur in FACsPb-halides. In addition, we find that while halide demixing leads to a quenching of the high-energy photoluminescence emission from MA-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, the emission is enhanced from FACs-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. This behavior points to a reduction of nonradiative recombination centers in FACs-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span> arising from the demixing process and buildup of strain. FACsPb-halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> exhibit excellent intrinsic material properties with photoluminescence quantum yields that are comparable to MA-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. Finally, because improved stability is achieved without sacrificing electronic properties, these compositions are better candidates for photovoltaic applications, especially as wide bandgap absorbers in tandem cells.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1439237-cation-dependent-light-induced-halide-demixing-hybrid-organicinorganic-perovskites','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1439237-cation-dependent-light-induced-halide-demixing-hybrid-organicinorganic-perovskites"><span>Cation-Dependent Light-Induced Halide Demixing in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Sutter-Fella, Carolin M.; Ngo, Quynh P.; Cefarin, Nicola</p> <p></p> <p>Mixed cation metal halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> with increased power conversion efficiency, negligible hysteresis, and improved long-term stability under illumination, moisture, and thermal stressing have emerged as promising <span class="hlt">compounds</span> for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. In this paper, we shed light on photoinduced halide demixing using in situ photoluminescence spectroscopy and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) to directly compare the evolution of composition and phase changes in CH(NH 2) 2CsPb-halide (FACsPb-) and CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>Pb-halide (MAPb-) <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> upon illumination, thereby providing insights into why FACs-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are less prone to halide demixing than MA-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. We find that halide demixing occurs in both materials.more » However, the I-rich domains formed during demixing accumulate strain in FACsPb-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span> but readily relax in MA-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. The accumulated strain energy is expected to act as a stabilizing force against halide demixing and may explain the higher Br composition threshold for demixing to occur in FACsPb-halides. In addition, we find that while halide demixing leads to a quenching of the high-energy photoluminescence emission from MA-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, the emission is enhanced from FACs-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. This behavior points to a reduction of nonradiative recombination centers in FACs-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span> arising from the demixing process and buildup of strain. FACsPb-halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> exhibit excellent intrinsic material properties with photoluminescence quantum yields that are comparable to MA-<span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. Finally, because improved stability is achieved without sacrificing electronic properties, these compositions are better candidates for photovoltaic applications, especially as wide bandgap absorbers in tandem cells.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28692769','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28692769"><span>Enhancing the Performance of <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells by Hybridizing SnS Quantum Dots with CH<span class="hlt">3</span> NH<span class="hlt">3</span> PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Han, Jianhua; Yin, Xuewen; Nan, Hui; Zhou, Yu; Yao, Zhibo; Li, Jianbao; Oron, Dan; Lin, Hong</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>The combination of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells and quantum dot solar cells has significant potential due to the complementary nature of the two constituent materials. In this study, solar cells (SCs) with a hybrid CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> /SnS quantum dots (QDs) absorber layer are fabricated by a facile and universal in situ crystallization method, enabling easy embedding of the QDs in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer. Compared with SCs based on CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> , SCs using CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> /SnS QDs hybrid films as absorber achieves a 25% enhancement in efficiency, giving rise to an efficiency of 16.8%. The performance improvement can be attributed to the improved crystallinity of the absorber, enhanced photo-induced carriers' separation and transport within the absorber layer, and improved incident light utilization. The generality of the methods used in this work paves a universal pathway for preparing other <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>/QDs hybrid materials and the synthesis of entire nontoxic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>/QDs hybrid structure. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27345104','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27345104"><span>Enhancing <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cell Performance by Interface Engineering Using CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr0.9I2.1 Quantum Dots.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cha, Mingyang; Da, Peimei; Wang, Jun; Wang, Weiyi; Chen, Zhanghai; Xiu, Faxian; Zheng, Gengfeng; Wang, Zhong-Sheng</p> <p>2016-07-13</p> <p>To improve the interfacial charge transfer that is crucial to the performance of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells, the interface engineering in a device should be rationally designed. Here we have developed an interface engineering method to tune the photovoltaic performance of planar-heterojunction <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells by incorporating MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span>-xIx (MA = CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>) quantum dots (QDs) between the MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film and the hole-transporting material (HTM) layer. By adjustment of the Br:I ratio, the as-synthesized MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span>-xIx QDs show tunable fluorescence and band edge positions. When the valence band (VB) edge of MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span>-xIx QDs is located below that of the MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>, the hole transfer from the MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film to the HTM layer is hindered, and hence, the power conversion efficiency decreases. In contrast, when the VB edge of MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span>-xIx QDs is located between the VB edge of the MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the HTM layer, the hole transfer from the MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film to the HTM layer is well-facilitated, resulting in significant improvements in the fill factor, short-circuit photocurrent, and power conversion efficiency.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19165534','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19165534"><span>The German version of the Anorectic Behavior Observation Scale (<span class="hlt">ABOS</span>).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Salbach-Andrae, Harriet; Klinkowski, Nora; Holzhausen, Martin; Frieler, Katja; Bohnekamp, Inga; Thiels, Cornelia; Bender, Caroline; Vandereycken, Walter</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>To assess the performance of the German version of the Anorectic Behavior Observation Scale (<span class="hlt">ABOS</span>) as a parent-report screening instrument for eating disorders (ED) in their children. Parents of 101 ED female patients (80 with Anorexia Nervosa; 21 with Bulimia Nervosa) and of 121 age- and socioeconomic status (SES)-matched female controls completed the <span class="hlt">ABOS</span>. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original three-factor structure model of the <span class="hlt">ABOS</span>. Cronbach's alpha coefficients indicated good internal consistency for the three factors and the total score in the total sample. The best cut-off point (100% sensitivity and specificity) in the German version was >or=23. The <span class="hlt">ABOS</span> may be a useful additional instrument for assessing ED.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhyC..518...18S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhyC..518...18S"><span>Thermoelectric properties of FeAs based superconductors, with thick <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>- and Sm-O fluorite-<span class="hlt">type</span> blocking layers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Singh, S. J.; Shimoyama, J.; Ogino, H.; Kishio, K.</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>The transport properties (electrical resistivity, Hall and Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity) of iron based superconductors with thick <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> oxide blocking layers and fluorine-doped SmFeAsO were studied to explore their possible potential for thermoelectric applications. The thermal conductivity of former <span class="hlt">compounds</span> depicts the dominated role of phonon and its value decreases rapidly below the Tc, suggesting the addition of scattering of phonons. Both the Seebeck coefficient (S) and Hall coefficient (RH) of all samples were negative in the whole temperature region below 300 K, indicating that the major contribution to the normal state conductivity is by electrons. In addition, the profile of S(T) and RH(T) of all samples have similar behaviours as would be expected for a multi-band superconductors. Although the estimated thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of these <span class="hlt">compounds</span> was much lower than that of practically applicable thermoelectric materials, however its improvement can be expected by optimizing microstructure of the polycrystalline materials, such as densification and grain orientation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1395374-tunable-white-light-emission-single-cation-templated-three-layered-perovskites-ch-ch-nh-pb-br-cl','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1395374-tunable-white-light-emission-single-cation-templated-three-layered-perovskites-ch-ch-nh-pb-br-cl"><span>Tunable White-Light Emission in Single-Cation-Templated Three-Layered 2D <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> (CH <span class="hlt">3</span> CH 2 NH <span class="hlt">3</span> ) 4 Pb <span class="hlt">3</span> Br 10–x Cl x</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Mao, Lingling; Wu, Yilei; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.</p> <p></p> <p>Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> come as a family (B) 2(A) n-1PbnX <span class="hlt">3</span>n+1 (B and A= cations; X= halide). These <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are promising semiconductors for solar cells and optoelectronic applications. Among the fascinating properties of these materials is white-light emission, which has been mostly observed in single-layered 2D lead bromide or chloride systems (n = 1), where the broad emission comes from the transient photoexcited states generated by self-trapped excitons (STEs) from structural distortion. Here we report a multilayered 2D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (n = <span class="hlt">3</span>) exhibiting a tunable white-light emission. Ethylammonium (EA+) can stabilize the 2D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure in EA 4Pbmore » <span class="hlt">3</span>Br 10–xCl x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9.5, and 10) with EA + being both the A and B cations in this system. Because of the larger size of EA, these materials show a high distortion level in their inorganic structures, with EA4Pb<span class="hlt">3</span>Cl10 having a much larger distortion than that of EA 4Pb <span class="hlt">3</span>Br 10, which results in broadband white-light emission of EA 4Pb <span class="hlt">3</span>Cl 10 in contrast to narrow blue emission of EA4Pb<span class="hlt">3</span>Br10. The average lifetime of the series decreases gradually from the Cl end to the Br end, indicating that the larger distortion also prolongs the lifetime (more STE states). The band gap of EA 4Pb <span class="hlt">3</span>Br 10–xCl x ranges from <span class="hlt">3</span>.45 eV (x = 10) to 2.75 eV (x = 0), following Vegard’s law. First-principles density functional theory calculations (DFT) show that both EA 4Pb <span class="hlt">3</span>Cl 10 and EA 4Pb <span class="hlt">3</span>Br 10 are direct band gap semiconductors. The color rendering index (CRI) of the series improves from 66 (EA 4Pb <span class="hlt">3</span>Cl 10) to 83 (EA 4Pb <span class="hlt">3</span>Br 0.5Cl 9.5), displaying high tunability and versatility of the title <span class="hlt">compounds</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.979a2008S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.979a2008S"><span>Gene distribution of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood <span class="hlt">type</span> system on the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) patients in the working area of Puskesmas Bonto Bangun, District of Rilau Ale, Bulukumba</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sjafaraenan; Alvionita, D. N.; Agus, R.; Sabran, A.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This research is about gene distribution of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood <span class="hlt">type</span> system on the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) patients in the working area of Puskesmas Bonto Bangun, District of Rilau Ale, Bulukumba. This research aimed to determine the blood <span class="hlt">type</span> which is most affected by DHF using <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood <span class="hlt">type</span> system. In this research, there are 104 samples, 8 of them were attacked by DF and 96 were attacked by DHF. From the 96 patients of DHF, there were 38 patients with A-blood <span class="hlt">type</span>, 17 patients with B-blood <span class="hlt">type</span>, 36 patients with O-blood <span class="hlt">type</span> and 5 patients of AB-blood <span class="hlt">type</span>. The data were tested using genotype frequency test and the results showed that the percentage of A-homozygous blood <span class="hlt">type</span> (IAIA) is 0:09%; A heterozygous blood <span class="hlt">type</span> (IAIo) is 0:36%; B-homozygous blood <span class="hlt">type</span> (IBIB) is 0.01%; B heterozygous blood <span class="hlt">type</span> (IB Io) is 0.12%; AB blood <span class="hlt">type</span> (IAIB) is 0.06% and O blood <span class="hlt">type</span> (IoIo) is 12:36%. So the biggest frequency of genotype are IAIo (0.36%) and IoIo (0.36%). The results showed that O blood <span class="hlt">type</span> gene is the most affected by DHF. Then continued by the regression test between blood <span class="hlt">type</span> and DHF, it is obtained that the correlation value is 1 which indicated that there is a strong relationship.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29952563','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29952563"><span>The Role of Metal Halide <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> in Next-Generation Lighting Devices.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lozano, Gabriel</p> <p>2018-06-28</p> <p>The development of smart illumination sources represents a central challenge of the current technology. In this context, the quest for novel materials that enable efficient light generation is essential. Metal halide <span class="hlt">compounds</span> with <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystalline structure (ABX<span class="hlt">3</span>) have gained tremendous interest in the last five years since they come as easy-to-prepare high performance semiconductors. <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> absorbers are driving the power-conversion-efficiencies of thin film photovoltaics to unprecedented values. Nowadays, mixed-cation mixed-halide lead <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells reach efficiencies consistently over 20% and promise to get close to 30% in multi-junction devices when combined with silicon cells at no surcharge. Nonetheless, <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>' fame extends further since extensive research on these novel semiconductors has also revealed their brightest side. Soon after their irruption in the photovoltaic scenario, demonstration of efficient color tunable -with high color purity- <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> emitters has opened new avenues for light generation applications that are timely to discuss herein.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25158885','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25158885"><span><span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group antibody levels in infants exposed to mechanical circulatory support.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Guynes, Anthony; Delaney, Meghan; McMullan, David M; Townsend-McCall, Dee; Kemna, Mariska; Boucek, Robert; Law, Yuk M</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">ABO</span> sensitization is a barrier to <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible heart transplantation in infants. We investigate the development of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> antibodies in infants with and without mechanical circulatory support (MCS) during their waiting period. Although the proportion of patients with antibodies was similar between the groups, the median age at antibody detection was only 9 days (6-198) for MCS vs. 223 days (28-367) for non-MCS patients (P = 0.028), suggesting MCS is associated with earlier <span class="hlt">ABO</span> antibody detection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20108915','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20108915"><span>Antiferromagnetic interaction between A'-site Mn spins in A-site-ordered <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> YMn<span class="hlt">3</span>Al4O12.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tohyama, Takenori; Saito, Takashi; Mizumaki, Masaichiro; Agui, Akane; Shimakawa, Yuichi</p> <p>2010-03-01</p> <p>The A-site-ordered <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> YMn(<span class="hlt">3</span>)Al(4)O(12) was prepared by high-pressure synthesis. Structural analysis with synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data and the Mn L-edges X-ray absorption spectrum revealed that the <span class="hlt">compound</span> has a chemical composition Y(<span class="hlt">3</span>+)Mn(<span class="hlt">3+)(3</span>)Al(<span class="hlt">3</span>+)(4)O(2-)(12) with magnetic Mn(<span class="hlt">3</span>+) at the A' site and non-magnetic Al(<span class="hlt">3</span>+) at the B site. An antiferromagnetic interaction between the A'-site Mn(<span class="hlt">3</span>+) spins is induced by the nearest neighboring Mn-Mn direct exchange interaction and causes an antiferromagnetic transition at 34.<span class="hlt">3</span> K.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22494593-fabrication-characterization-perovskite-based-ch-sub-nh-sub-pb-sub-ge-sub-sub-ch-sub-nh-sub-pb-sub-tl-sub-sub-ch-sub-nh-sub-pb-sub-sub-sub-photovoltaic-devices','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22494593-fabrication-characterization-perovskite-based-ch-sub-nh-sub-pb-sub-ge-sub-sub-ch-sub-nh-sub-pb-sub-tl-sub-sub-ch-sub-nh-sub-pb-sub-sub-sub-photovoltaic-devices"><span>Fabrication and characterization of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-based CH{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}NH{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}Pb{sub 1-x}Ge{sub x}I{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}, CH{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}NH{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}Pb{sub 1-x}Tl{sub x}I{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} and CH{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}NH{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}Pb{sub 1-x}In{sub x}I{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} photovoltaic devices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ohishi, Yuya; Oku, Takeo, E-mail: oku@mat.usp.ac.jp; Suzuki, Atsushi</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite-type</span> CH{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}NH{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}PbI{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}-based photovoltaic devices were fabricated and characterized. Doping effects of thallium (Tl), indium (In), or germanium (Ge) element on the photovoltaic properties and surface structures of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase were investigated. The open circuit voltage increased by Ge addition, and fill factors were improved by adding a small amount of Ge, Tl or In. In addition, the wavelength range of incident photon conversion efficiencies was expanded by the Tl addition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatCo...815684G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatCo...815684G"><span>One-Year stable <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells by 2D/<span class="hlt">3</span>D interface engineering</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grancini, G.; Roldán-Carmona, C.; Zimmermann, I.; Mosconi, E.; Lee, X.; Martineau, D.; Narbey, S.; Oswald, F.; de Angelis, F.; Graetzel, M.; Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Despite the impressive photovoltaic performances with power conversion efficiency beyond 22%, <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells are poorly stable under operation, failing by far the market requirements. Various technological approaches have been proposed to overcome the instability problem, which, while delivering appreciable incremental improvements, are still far from a market-proof solution. Here we show one-year stable <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> devices by engineering an ultra-stable 2D/<span class="hlt">3</span>D (HOOC(CH2)4NH<span class="hlt">3</span>)2PbI4/CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> junction. The 2D/<span class="hlt">3</span>D forms an exceptional gradually-organized multi-dimensional interface that yields up to 12.9% efficiency in a carbon-based architecture, and 14.6% in standard mesoporous solar cells. To demonstrate the up-scale potential of our technology, we fabricate 10 × 10 cm2 solar modules by a fully printable industrial-scale process, delivering 11.2% efficiency stable for >10,000 h with zero loss in performances measured under controlled standard conditions. This innovative stable and low-cost architecture will enable the timely commercialization of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5461484','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5461484"><span>One-Year stable <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells by 2D/<span class="hlt">3</span>D interface engineering</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Grancini, G.; Roldán-Carmona, C.; Zimmermann, I.; Mosconi, E.; Lee, X.; Martineau, D.; Narbey, S.; Oswald, F.; De Angelis, F.; Graetzel, M.; Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Despite the impressive photovoltaic performances with power conversion efficiency beyond 22%, <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells are poorly stable under operation, failing by far the market requirements. Various technological approaches have been proposed to overcome the instability problem, which, while delivering appreciable incremental improvements, are still far from a market-proof solution. Here we show one-year stable <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> devices by engineering an ultra-stable 2D/<span class="hlt">3</span>D (HOOC(CH2)4NH<span class="hlt">3</span>)2PbI4/CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> junction. The 2D/<span class="hlt">3</span>D forms an exceptional gradually-organized multi-dimensional interface that yields up to 12.9% efficiency in a carbon-based architecture, and 14.6% in standard mesoporous solar cells. To demonstrate the up-scale potential of our technology, we fabricate 10 × 10 cm2 solar modules by a fully printable industrial-scale process, delivering 11.2% efficiency stable for >10,000 h with zero loss in performances measured under controlled standard conditions. This innovative stable and low-cost architecture will enable the timely commercialization of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. PMID:28569749</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28569749','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28569749"><span>One-Year stable <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells by 2D/<span class="hlt">3</span>D interface engineering.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Grancini, G; Roldán-Carmona, C; Zimmermann, I; Mosconi, E; Lee, X; Martineau, D; Narbey, S; Oswald, F; De Angelis, F; Graetzel, M; Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Despite the impressive photovoltaic performances with power conversion efficiency beyond 22%, <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells are poorly stable under operation, failing by far the market requirements. Various technological approaches have been proposed to overcome the instability problem, which, while delivering appreciable incremental improvements, are still far from a market-proof solution. Here we show one-year stable <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> devices by engineering an ultra-stable 2D/<span class="hlt">3</span>D (HOOC(CH 2 ) 4 NH <span class="hlt">3</span> ) 2 PbI 4 /CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> junction. The 2D/<span class="hlt">3</span>D forms an exceptional gradually-organized multi-dimensional interface that yields up to 12.9% efficiency in a carbon-based architecture, and 14.6% in standard mesoporous solar cells. To demonstrate the up-scale potential of our technology, we fabricate 10 × 10 cm 2 solar modules by a fully printable industrial-scale process, delivering 11.2% efficiency stable for >10,000 h with zero loss in performances measured under controlled standard conditions. This innovative stable and low-cost architecture will enable the timely commercialization of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20129392','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20129392"><span>Specific issues in living donor kidney transplantation: <span class="hlt">ABO</span> - incompatibility.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thaiss, Friedrich</p> <p>2009-12-29</p> <p>Pre-emptive living kidney transplantation is the best choice of therapy to treat patients with advanced renal insufficiency. Unfortunately in up to one third of all cases kidney donation was refused due to blood group incompatibility. Limitations in donor availability for kidney transplantation therefore require that <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible transplantation is safely established. This has changed when a new protocol was introduced in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2001. Almost 400 <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible transplantations have since been performed in more than 20 centers with this protocol in Europe. <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible living kidney transplantation can now be offered to our patients with advanced kidney disease as a safe procedure. To get more insight into the role <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible organ transplantation might play in the near future transplantation centers currently involved in these processes should share their data to answer the unresolved issues we are concerned. Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29610718','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29610718"><span>Alkali Metal Doping for Improved CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhao, Wangen; Yao, Zhun; Yu, Fengyang; Yang, Dong; Liu, Shengzhong Frank</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Organic-inorganic hybrid halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are proven to be a promising semiconductor material as the absorber layer of solar cells. However, the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films always suffer from nonuniform coverage or high trap state density due to the polycrystalline characteristics, which degrade the photoelectric properties of thin films. Herein, the alkali metal ions which are stable against oxidation and reduction are used in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> precursor solution to induce the process of crystallization and nucleation, then affect the properties of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film. It is found that the addition of the alkali metal ions clearly improves the quality of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film: enlarges the grain sizes, reduces the defect state density, passivates the grain boundaries, increases the built-in potential ( V bi ), resulting to the enhancement in the power conversion efficiency of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> thin film solar cell.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28707623','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28707623"><span>Trapping charges at grain boundaries and degradation of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>Pb(I1-x Br x )<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nguyen, Bich Phuong; Kim, Gee Yeong; Jo, William; Kim, Byeong Jo; Jung, Hyun Suk</p> <p>2017-08-04</p> <p>The electrical properties of CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> Pb(I 1-x Br x ) <span class="hlt">3</span> (x = 0.13) <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials were investigated under ambient conditions. The local work function and the local current were measured using Kelvin probe force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy, respectively. The degradation of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layers depends on their grain size. As the material degrades, an additional peak in the surface potential appears simultaneously with a sudden increase and subsequent relaxation of the local current. The potential bending at the grain boundaries and the intragrains is the most likely reason for the change of the local current surface of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layers. The improved understanding of the degradation mechanism garnered from this study helps pave the way toward an improved photo-conversion efficiency in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Nanot..28E5402P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Nanot..28E5402P"><span>Trapping charges at grain boundaries and degradation of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>Pb(I1-x Br x )<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Phuong Nguyen, Bich; Kim, Gee Yeong; Jo, William; Kim, Byeong Jo; Jung, Hyun Suk</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>The electrical properties of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>Pb(I1-x Br x )<span class="hlt">3</span> (x = 0.13) <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials were investigated under ambient conditions. The local work function and the local current were measured using Kelvin probe force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy, respectively. The degradation of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layers depends on their grain size. As the material degrades, an additional peak in the surface potential appears simultaneously with a sudden increase and subsequent relaxation of the local current. The potential bending at the grain boundaries and the intragrains is the most likely reason for the change of the local current surface of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layers. The improved understanding of the degradation mechanism garnered from this study helps pave the way toward an improved photo-conversion efficiency in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27559826','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27559826"><span>Design of <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Oxides as Anion-Intercalation-<span class="hlt">Type</span> Electrodes for Supercapacitors: Cation Leaching Effect.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Yu; Dinh, Jim; Tade, Moses O; Shao, Zongping</p> <p>2016-09-14</p> <p>Oxygen ions can be exploited as a charge carrier to effectively realize a new <span class="hlt">type</span> of anion-intercalation supercapacitor. In this study, to get some useful guidelines for future materials development, we comparatively studied SrCoO<span class="hlt">3</span>-δ (SC), Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O<span class="hlt">3</span>-δ (BSCF), and Co<span class="hlt">3</span>O4 as electrodes in supercapacitors with aqueous alkaline electrolyte. The effect of interaction between the electrode materials with the alkaline solution was focused on the structure and specific surface area of the electrode material, and ultimately the electrochemical performance was emphasized. Both BSCF and SC were found to experience cation leaching in alkaline solution, resulting in an increase in the specific surface area of the material, but overleaching caused the damage of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure of BSCF. Barium leaching was more serious than strontium, and the cation leaching was component dependent. Although high initial capacitance was achieved for BSCF, it was not a good candidate as intercalation-<span class="hlt">type</span> electrode for supercapacitor because of poor cycling stability from serious Ba(2+) and Sr(2+) leaching. Instead, SC was a favorable electrode candidate for practical use in supercapacitors due to its high capacity and proper cation leaching capacity, which brought beneficial effect on cycling stability. It is suggested that cation leaching effect should be seriously considered in the development of new <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials as electrodes for supercapacitors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28713115','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28713115"><span>Association between Cheiloscopic Patterns and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> Blood Groups among South Indian Population.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khanapure, Sneha; Suhas, H G; Potdar, Shrudha; Sam, George; Sudeep, C B; Arjun, M R</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Human beings have few characteristics that are unique from others. Lip prints are one of such feature. They are not changed throughout the life and are not influenced by injuries, diseases, or environmental changes. According to the various antigen-antibody reactions in the bloodstream, different individuals have specific blood groups. To study the distribution of lip print patterns among individuals with different <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh blood groups and also to know the relation between their characters and blood groups. In the present study, lip prints were collected randomly from 85 individuals, and their blood group matching was performed. This is to identify the most common lip print <span class="hlt">type</span> and to know any association between lip print <span class="hlt">types</span> and blood groups. Tsuchihashi's classification of lip prints was used to compare with the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh blood grouping systems. It was observed that in individuals with B+, A+, and O- blood groups, predominant pattern was <span class="hlt">Type</span> IV and individuals having blood group O+ and AB+ common lip print pattern was <span class="hlt">Type</span> II. This study showed strong association between lip print patterns and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups as some blood groups were not included in statistical analysis; further studies including larger sample are essential to substantiate the results. Correlating lip print with blood group helps in identification of the suspects. Along with lip prints, another biological record that remains unchanged throughout the lifetime of a person is the blood group. Determining the blood group of a person from the samples obtained at the site of crime and also recovering lip prints from site can help identify a person.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27668448','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27668448"><span>Chlorine Incorporation in the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span>: Small Concentration, Big Effect.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Quarti, Claudio; Mosconi, Edoardo; Umari, Paolo; De Angelis, Filippo</p> <p>2017-01-03</p> <p>The role of chlorine doping in CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> represents an important open issue in the use of hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> for photovoltaic applications. In particular, even if a positive role of chlorine doping on <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film formation and on material morphology has been demonstrated, an inherent positive effect on the electronic and photovoltaic properties cannot be excluded. Here we carried out periodic density functional theory and Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations, going down to ∼1% doping, to investigate the effect of chlorine on CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> . We found that such a small doping has important effects on the dynamics of the crystalline structure, both with respect to the inorganic framework and with respect to the cation libration motion. Together, we observe a dynamic spatial localization of the valence and conduction states in separated spatial material regions, which takes place in the 10 -1 ps time scale and which could be the key to ease of exciton dissociation and, likely, to small charge recombination in hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. Moreover, such localization is enhanced by chlorine doping, demonstrating an inherent positive role of chlorine doping on the electronic properties of this class of materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SuMi..118...79J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SuMi..118...79J"><span>Enhanced photovoltaic performance of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBrXI<span class="hlt">3</span>-X-based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells via anti-solvent extraction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jiang, Zhaoyi; Zhang, Weijia; Lu, Chaoqun; Ma, Denghao; Liu, Haixu; Yu, Wei; Zhang, Yu; Ma, Qiang; Zhang, Yulong</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>In this paper, the two-step sequential deposition method was used to prepare the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBrXI<span class="hlt">3</span>-X films by introducing CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>Br in the precursors. The surface morphology of the PbI2 films was controlled by anti-solvent extraction (ASE) to improve the microstructure and photo-physical properties of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films. It was noteworthy that, compared to the compact PbI2 films, the porous PbI2 films facilitated the growth of crystals and bromine incorporation in films, and the prepared <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films exhibited enlarged grain size, increased light absorption, enhanced Br incorporation and prolonged carrier lifetime, which resulted in excellent photo-electrical properties of the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBrXI<span class="hlt">3</span>-X films. With porous PbI2 templates, the inverted planar <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells based on films with appropriate Br incorporation (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>Br/CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>I mole ratio = <span class="hlt">3</span>/7) showed a photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.9%, and the stability of the devices in air was elevated. Consequently, the high-quality CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBrXI<span class="hlt">3</span>-X films can be obtained with porous PbI2 templates for improving the performance of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19725496','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19725496"><span>Multiferroic behavior associated with an order-disorder hydrogen bonding transition in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> ABX<span class="hlt">3</span> architecture.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jain, Prashant; Ramachandran, Vasanth; Clark, Ronald J; Zhou, Hai Dong; Toby, Brian H; Dalal, Naresh S; Kroto, Harold W; Cheetham, Anthony K</p> <p>2009-09-30</p> <p>Multiferroic behavior in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-related metal-organic frameworks of general formula [(CH(<span class="hlt">3</span>))(2)NH(2)]M(HCOO)(<span class="hlt">3</span>), where M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, is reported. All four <span class="hlt">compounds</span> exhibit paraelectric-antiferroelectric phase transition behavior in the temperature range 160-185 K (Mn: 185 K, Fe: 160 K; Co: 165 K; Ni: 180 K); this is associated with an order-disorder transition involving the hydrogen bonded dimethylammonium cations. On further cooling, the <span class="hlt">compounds</span> become canted weak ferromagnets below 40 K. This research opens up a new class of multiferroics in which the electrical ordering is achieved by means of hydrogen bonding.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1335876-dry-mg-fe-sio3-perovskite-earth-lower-mantle','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1335876-dry-mg-fe-sio3-perovskite-earth-lower-mantle"><span>Dry (Mg,Fe)SiO <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> in the Earth's lower mantle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Panero, Wendy R.; Pigott, Jeffrey S.; Reaman, Daniel M.; ...</p> <p>2015-02-26</p> <p>Combined synthesis experiments and first-principles calculations show that MgSiO <span class="hlt">3</span>-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> with minor Al or Fe does not incorporate significant OH under lower mantle conditions. <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span>, stishovite, and residual melt were synthesized from natural Bamble enstatite samples (Mg/(Fe+Mg) = 0.89 and 0.93; Al 2O <span class="hlt">3</span> < 0.1 wt% with 35 and 2065 ppm wt H 2O, respectively) in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell at 1600-2000 K and 25-65 GPa. Combined Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and ex-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrates little difference in the resulting <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> as a function of initial water content. Four distinct OHmore » vibrational stretching bands are evident upon cooling below 100 K (3576, 3378, 3274, and 3078 cm -1), suggesting 4 potential bonding sites for OH in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> with a maximum water content of 220 ppm wt H 2O, and likely no more than 10 ppm wt H 2O. Complementary, Fe-free, first-principles calculations predict multiple potential bonding sites for hydrogen in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>, each with significant solution enthalpy (0.2 eV/defect). We calculate that <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> can dissolve less than 37 ppm wt H 2O (400 ppm H/Si) at the top of the lower mantle, decreasing to 31 ppm wt H 2O (340 ppm H/Si) at 125 GPa and 3000 K in the absence of a melt or fluid phase. Here, we propose that these results resolve a long-standing debate of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> melting curve and explain the order of magnitude increase in viscosity from upper to lower mantle.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24667758','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24667758"><span>Relativistic GW calculations on CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> and CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> for solar cell applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Umari, Paolo; Mosconi, Edoardo; De Angelis, Filippo</p> <p>2014-03-26</p> <p>Hybrid AMX<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> (A = Cs, CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>; M = Sn, Pb; X = halide) have revolutionized the scenario of emerging photovoltaic technologies, with very recent results demonstrating 15% efficient solar cells. The CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/MAPb(I(1-x)Cl(x))<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have dominated the field, while the similar CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> has not been exploited for photovoltaic applications. Replacement of Pb by Sn would facilitate the large uptake of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-based photovoltaics. Despite the extremely fast progress, the materials electronic properties which are key to the photovoltaic performance are relatively little understood. Density Functional Theory electronic structure methods have so far delivered an unbalanced description of Pb- and Sn-based <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. Here we develop an effective GW method incorporating spin-orbit coupling which allows us to accurately model the electronic, optical and transport properties of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> and CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, opening the way to new materials design. The different CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> and CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> electronic properties are discussed in light of their exploitation for solar cells, and found to be dominantly due to relativistic effects. These effects stabilize the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> material towards oxidation, by inducing a deeper valence band edge. Relativistic effects, however, also increase the material band-gap compared to CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span>, due to the valence band energy downshift (~0.7 eV) being only partly compensated by the conduction band downshift (~0.2 eV).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5394751','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5394751"><span>Relativistic GW calculations on CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> and CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> for Solar Cell Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Umari, Paolo; Mosconi, Edoardo; De Angelis, Filippo</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Hybrid AMX<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> (A = Cs, CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>; M = Sn, Pb; X = halide) have revolutionized the scenario of emerging photovoltaic technologies, with very recent results demonstrating 15% efficient solar cells. The CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/MAPb(I1−xClx)<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have dominated the field, while the similar CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> has not been exploited for photovoltaic applications. Replacement of Pb by Sn would facilitate the large uptake of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-based photovoltaics. Despite the extremely fast progress, the materials electronic properties which are key to the photovoltaic performance are relatively little understood. Density Functional Theory electronic structure methods have so far delivered an unbalanced description of Pb- and Sn-based <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. Here we develop an effective GW method incorporating spin-orbit coupling which allows us to accurately model the electronic, optical and transport properties of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> and CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, opening the way to new materials design. The different CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> and CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> electronic properties are discussed in light of their exploitation for solar cells, and found to be dominantly due to relativistic effects. These effects stabilize the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> material towards oxidation, by inducing a deeper valence band edge. Relativistic effects, however, also increase the material band-gap compared to CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span>, due to the valence band energy downshift (~0.7 eV) being only partly compensated by the conduction band downshift (~0.2 eV). PMID:24667758</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JEMat..46.6870D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JEMat..46.6870D"><span>Ab Initio High Pressure and Temperature Investigation on Cubic PbMoO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dar, Sajad Ahmad; Srivastava, Vipul; Sakalle, Umesh Kumar</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>A combined high pressure and temperature investigation on recently reported cubic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> PbMoO<span class="hlt">3</span> have been performed within the most accurate density functional theory (DFT). The structure was found stable in cubic paramagnetic phase. The DFT calculated analytical and experimental lattice constant were found in good agreement. The analytical tolerance factor as well as the elastic properties further verifies the cubic stability for PbMoO<span class="hlt">3</span>. The spin polarized electronic band structure and density of states presented metallic nature with symmetry in up and down states. The insignificant magnetic moment also confirms the paramagnetic nature for the <span class="hlt">compound</span>. The high pressure elastic and mechanical study up to 35 GPa reveal the structural stability of the material in this pressure range. The <span class="hlt">compound</span> was found to establish a ductile nature. The electrical conductivity obtained from the band structure results show a decreasing trend with increasing temperature. The temperature dependence of thermodynamic parameters such as specific heat ( C v), thermal expansion ( α) has also been evaluated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25989497','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25989497"><span>Outcomes Following <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation Performed After Desensitization by Nonantigen-Specific Immunoadsorption.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Becker, Luis E; Siebert, Daniela; Süsal, Caner; Opelz, Gerhard; Leo, Albrecht; Waldherr, Rüdiger; Macher-Goeppinger, Stephan; Schemmer, Peter; Schaefer, Sebastian Markus; Klein, Katrin; Beimler, Jörg; Zeier, Martin; Schwenger, Vedat; Morath, Christian</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>For desensitization of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible kidney transplant recipients we recently proposed nonantigen-specific immunoadsorption (IA) and rituximab. We now compared clinical outcomes of 34 <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible living-donor kidney recipients who were transplanted using this protocol with that of 68 matched <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible patients. In addition, we analyzed efficacy and cost of nonantigen-specific as compared to blood group antigen-specific IA. Before desensitization, the median isoagglutinin titer of 34 <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible patients was 1:64 (Coombs technique). Patients received a median of 7 preoperative IA treatments. Twenty-four patients had a median of 2 additional plasmapheresis treatments to reach the preoperative target isoagglutinin titer of 1:8 or less. After a median postoperative follow-up of 22 months, overall graft survival in the <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible group was not significantly different from that in <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible patients (log-rank P = 0.20), whereas patient survival tended to be lower (log-rank P = 0.05). The incidence of rejection episodes was 15% in both groups. The <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible kidney recipients had a higher incidence of BK virus replication (P = 0.04) and nephropathy (P = 0.01) and showed more often colonization with multidrug resistant bacteria (P = 0.02). In comparison to blood group antigen-specific IA, nonantigen-specific IA showed equal efficacy but was associated with reduction in cost. Clinical outcomes of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible patients desensitized with a nonantigen-specific IA device and rituximab do not differ from that of matched <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible patients although a trend toward reduced patient survival was noted. Special attention must be paid to the higher incidence of BK virus infection in recipients of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible grafts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27106633','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27106633"><span>Strong excitonic interactions in the oxygen K-edge of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tomita, Kota; Miyata, Tomohiro; Olovsson, Weine; Mizoguchi, Teruyasu</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Excitonic interactions of the oxygen K-edge electron energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides, CaTiO <span class="hlt">3</span> , SrTiO <span class="hlt">3</span> , and BaTiO <span class="hlt">3</span> , together with reference oxides, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, and TiO 2 , were investigated using a first-principles Bethe-Salpeter equation calculation. Although the transition energy of oxygen K-edge is high, strong excitonic interactions were present in the oxygen K-edge ELNES of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides, whereas the excitonic interactions were negligible in the oxygen K-edge ELNES of the reference <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. Detailed investigation of the electronic structure suggests that the strong excitonic interaction in the oxygen K-edge ELNES of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides is caused by the directionally confined, low-dimensional electronic structure at the Ti-O-Ti bonds. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvB..97s5155E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvB..97s5155E"><span>Curie temperature behavior in half-metallic ferromagnetic double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> within the electronic correlation picture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Estrada, F.; Guzmán, E. J.; Navarro, O.; Avignon, M.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The half-metallic ferromagnetic <span class="hlt">compound</span> Sr2FeMoO6 is considered a fundamental material to understand the role of electronic parameters controlling the half-metallic ground state and high Curie temperature in double <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. We present an electronic approach using the Green's function technique and the renormalization perturbation expansion method to study the thermodynamical properties of double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. The model is based on a correlated electron picture with localized Fe spins and conduction electrons interacting with the local spins via a double-exchange-<span class="hlt">type</span> mechanism. Electron correlations within the conduction band are also included in order to study the Curie temperature TC. Our results show an increases of TC by increasing the carrier density in La-doped Sr2FeMoO6 <span class="hlt">compounds</span> in contrast to the case of uncorrelated itinerant electrons.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5402745','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5402745"><span>CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> grain growth and interfacial properties in meso-structured <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells fabricated by two-step deposition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yao, Zhibo; Wang, Wenli; Shen, Heping; Zhang, Ye; Luo, Qiang; Yin, Xuewen; Dai, Xuezeng; Li, Jianbao; Lin, Hong</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Abstract Although the two-step deposition (TSD) method is widely adopted for the high performance <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs), the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal growth mechanism during the TSD process and the photo-generated charge recombination dynamics in the mesoporous-TiO2 (mp-TiO2)/CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/hole transporting material (HTM) system remains unexploited. Herein, we modified the concentration of PbI2 (C (PbI2)) solution to control the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal properties, and observed an abnormal CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> grain growth phenomenon atop mesoporous TiO2 film. To illustrate this abnormal grain growth mechanism, we propose that a grain ripening process is taking place during the transformation from PbI2 to CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, and discuss the PbI2 nuclei morphology, <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> grain growing stage, as well as Pb:I atomic ratio difference among CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> grains with different morphology. These C (PbI2)-dependent <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> morphologies resulted in varied charge carrier transfer properties throughout the mp-TiO2/CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/HTM hybrid, as illustrated by photoluminescence measurement. Furthermore, the effect of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> morphology on light absorption and interfacial properties is investigated and correlated with the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. PMID:28458747</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017STAdM..18..253Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017STAdM..18..253Y"><span>CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> grain growth and interfacial properties in meso-structured <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells fabricated by two-step deposition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yao, Zhibo; Wang, Wenli; Shen, Heping; Zhang, Ye; Luo, Qiang; Yin, Xuewen; Dai, Xuezeng; Li, Jianbao; Lin, Hong</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Although the two-step deposition (TSD) method is widely adopted for the high performance <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs), the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal growth mechanism during the TSD process and the photo-generated charge recombination dynamics in the mesoporous-TiO2 (mp-TiO2)/CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/hole transporting material (HTM) system remains unexploited. Herein, we modified the concentration of PbI2 (C(PbI2)) solution to control the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal properties, and observed an abnormal CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> grain growth phenomenon atop mesoporous TiO2 film. To illustrate this abnormal grain growth mechanism, we propose that a grain ripening process is taking place during the transformation from PbI2 to CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, and discuss the PbI2 nuclei morphology, <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> grain growing stage, as well as Pb:I atomic ratio difference among CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> grains with different morphology. These C(PbI2)-dependent <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> morphologies resulted in varied charge carrier transfer properties throughout the mp-TiO2/CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/HTM hybrid, as illustrated by photoluminescence measurement. Furthermore, the effect of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> morphology on light absorption and interfacial properties is investigated and correlated with the photovoltaic performance of PSCs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458747','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28458747"><span>CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> grain growth and interfacial properties in meso-structured <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells fabricated by two-step deposition.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yao, Zhibo; Wang, Wenli; Shen, Heping; Zhang, Ye; Luo, Qiang; Yin, Xuewen; Dai, Xuezeng; Li, Jianbao; Lin, Hong</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Although the two-step deposition (TSD) method is widely adopted for the high performance <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs), the CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal growth mechanism during the TSD process and the photo-generated charge recombination dynamics in the mesoporous-TiO 2 (mp-TiO 2 )/CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> /hole transporting material (HTM) system remains unexploited. Herein, we modified the concentration of PbI 2 ( C (PbI2) ) solution to control the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal properties, and observed an abnormal CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> grain growth phenomenon atop mesoporous TiO 2 film. To illustrate this abnormal grain growth mechanism, we propose that a grain ripening process is taking place during the transformation from PbI 2 to CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> , and discuss the PbI 2 nuclei morphology, <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> grain growing stage, as well as Pb:I atomic ratio difference among CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> grains with different morphology. These C (PbI2) -dependent <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> morphologies resulted in varied charge carrier transfer properties throughout the mp-TiO 2 /CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> /HTM hybrid, as illustrated by photoluminescence measurement. Furthermore, the effect of CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> morphology on light absorption and interfacial properties is investigated and correlated with the photovoltaic performance of PSCs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948767','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28948767"><span>Naphthalene Diimide Based n-<span class="hlt">Type</span> Conjugated Polymers as Efficient Cathode Interfacial Materials for Polymer and <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jia, Tao; Sun, Chen; Xu, Rongguo; Chen, Zhiming; Yin, Qingwu; Jin, Yaocheng; Yip, Hin-Lap; Huang, Fei; Cao, Yong</p> <p>2017-10-18</p> <p>A series of naphthalene diimide (NDI) based n-<span class="hlt">type</span> conjugated polymers with amino-functionalized side groups and backbones were synthesized and used as cathode interlayers (CILs) in polymer and <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. Because of controllable amine side groups, all the resulting polymers exhibited distinct electronic properties such as oxidation potential of side chains, charge carrier mobilities, self-doping behaviors, and interfacial dipoles. The influences of the chemical variation of amine groups on the cathode interfacial effects were further investigated in both polymer and <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. We found that the decreased electron-donating property and enhanced steric hindrance of amine side groups substantially weaken the capacities of altering the work function of the cathode and trap passivation of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film, which induced ineffective interfacial modifications and declining device performance. Moreover, with further improvement of the backbone design through the incorporation of a rigid acetylene spacer, the resulting polymers substantially exhibited an enhanced electron-transporting property. Upon use as CILs, high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 10.1% and 15.2% were, respectively, achieved in polymer and <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. Importantly, these newly developed n-<span class="hlt">type</span> polymers were allowed to be processed over a broad thickness range of CILs in photovoltaic devices, and a prominent PCE of over 8% for polymer solar cells and 13.5% for <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells can be achieved with the thick interlayers over 100 nm, which is beneficial for roll-to-roll coating processes. Our findings contribute toward a better understanding of the structure-performance relationship between CIL material design and solar cell performance, and provide important insights and guidelines for the design of high-performance n-<span class="hlt">type</span> CIL materials for organic and <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> optoelectronic devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JEMat..46.3262N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JEMat..46.3262N"><span>High-Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of <span class="hlt">Perovskite-Type</span> Pr0.9Sr0.1Mn1- x Fe x O<span class="hlt">3</span> (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nakatsugawa, H.; Saito, M.; Okamoto, Y.</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Polycrystalline samples of Pr0.9Sr0.1Mn1- x Fe x O<span class="hlt">3</span> (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction method, and the crystal structure studied at room temperature. The magnetic susceptibility was measured from 5 K to 350 K. The electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity were investigated as functions of temperature below 850 K. For all samples, the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure at room temperature exhibited orthorhombic Pbnm phase. While the Pr0.9Sr0.1MnO<span class="hlt">3</span> ( x = 0) sample exhibited ferromagnetic-like ground state below T C = 145 K (Curie temperature), the ferromagnetic transition temperature T C decreased with increasing x. The Seebeck coefficient of the samples with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 decreased with increasing temperature because of double-exchange interaction of Mn ions. In fact, the carrier <span class="hlt">type</span> for x = 0 changed from hole-like to electron-like behavior above 800 K. On the other hand, the samples with x ≥ 0.9 showed large positive Seebeck coefficient over the entire temperature range, indicating that the low-spin state of Fe ions dominated the electronic structure for this x range. In particular, the sample with x = 1 exhibited p-<span class="hlt">type</span> thermoelectric properties with relatively high Seebeck coefficient, moderate electrical resistivity, and low thermal conductivity. Thus, the sample with x = 1 showed power factor of 20 μW m-1 K-2 at 850 K leading to ZT of 0.024 at this temperature, indicating that hole-doped <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> iron oxide is a good candidate high-temperature thermoelectric p-<span class="hlt">type</span> oxide.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Nanot..29y5301B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Nanot..29y5301B"><span>Manipulating the assembly of <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> onto soft nanoimprinted titanium dioxide templates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baca, Alfred J.; Roberts, M. Joseph; Stenger-Smith, John; Baldwin, Lawrence</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Soft nanoimprinted titanium dioxide (TiO2) substrates decorated with methylammonium lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span>) crystals were fabricated by controlling the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> precursor concentration and volume during spin coat processing combined with the use of hydrophobic TiO2 templates. The patterned growth was demonstrated with different <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystallization methods. We investigated and successfully demonstrated the controlled assembly of two MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> nanomaterials, one a nanocomposite formed between the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and a hole conducting polymer poly(2,5-bis(N-methyl-N-hexylamino)phenylene vinylene) (BAMPPV), and a second formed from <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystals using common solution based MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> growth methods (1-step and 2-step processing). Both <span class="hlt">types</span> of MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> crystals were fabricated on hydrophobic TiO2 nanotemplates composed of nanowells or grating patterns. Patterned areas as large as 100 μm × 100 μm were achieved. We examined and characterized the substrates using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. We present the optical properties (i.e. fluorescence and transmission) of soft nanoimprinted nanowells decorated with <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> demonstrating the successful synthesis of MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanocrystals. As an example of their use, we demonstrate a two terminal device and show photocurrent response of a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> patterned micro-grating. Our method is a nondestructive approach to nanopatterning <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, and produces patterned arrays that maintain their photo-electric properties. The results presented herein suggests an attractive route to developing nanopatterned and small area <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> substrates for applications in photovoltaics, x-ray sensing/detection, image sensor arrays, and others.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28571143','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28571143"><span>Histopathological Study of Central Nervous System Lesions: Emphasizing Association of Neoplasms with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> Blood Groups.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kumarguru, B N; Pallavi, P; Sunila; Manjunath, G V; Vasan, T S; Rajalakshmi, B R</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The Central Nervous System (CNS) lesions show considerable geographic and racial variations with respect to the incidence and the pattern of distribution of lesions. The <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood status is a readily accessible factor in genetic constitution of the patients. It has been shown to be associated with many diseases. But the influence of blood group status on the pathogenesis of brain tumours is still unclear. To study various histopathological patterns of CNS lesions and to evaluate the association of CNS tumours with the distribution of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups in documented cases. In the present study, 147 cases were analyzed. It was an analytical <span class="hlt">type</span> of study, done at JSS Medical College, Mysore, over a period of 2 years and 8 months from January 2009 to August 2011. Histopathology slides were routinely stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain. Special stains were performed in selected cases. Blood group of the patients and the control group were documented. Blood group distribution pattern was assessed in relation to histopathological diagnosis of various CNS tumours. Histopathological diagnosis of 147 cases included neoplastic lesions (84.35%) and non-neoplastic lesions (15.64%). Neoplastic lesions (84.35%) constituted the majority, which included neuroepithelial tumours (29.25%) as predominant pattern. Non-neoplastic lesions constituted only 15.64%, which included inflammatory lesion (8.16%) as the predominant pattern. <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group data was available in 92 cases (84.4%) of neoplastic lesions, which included 71 cases (48.29%) of primary CNS neoplasms categorized according to WHO grades. The control group constituted 21,067 healthy voluntary donors. Blood group O was the most frequent blood group in neoplastic lesions (40.21%) and primary CNS neoplasms categorized according to WHO grades (45.07%). The association between the CNS neoplasms and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.055). But a definite change in the pattern of distribution of <span class="hlt">ABO</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22069452-ferroelectric-structural-instability-double-perovskites-me-sup-bi-sup-me-sup-nb-sup-sub-me-sup-na-rb-me-sup-sc-ga-lu','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22069452-ferroelectric-structural-instability-double-perovskites-me-sup-bi-sup-me-sup-nb-sup-sub-me-sup-na-rb-me-sup-sc-ga-lu"><span>Ferroelectric and structural instability in double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> Me{sup 1+}Bi{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+}Me{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+}Nb{sup 5+}O{sub 6} (Me{sup 1+} = Na, K, Rb; Me{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} = Sc, Ga, In, Lu)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zinenko, V. I., E-mail: zvi@iph.krasn.ru; Zamkova, N. G.; Zhandun, V. S.</p> <p>2012-06-15</p> <p>Within the Gordon-Kim generalized model with regard to the polarizabilities of ions, the lattice constants, the high-frequency permittivity, the Born dynamic charges, and the vibration constants of the crystal lattice are calculated for cation-ordered double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> Me{sup 1+}Bi{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+}Me{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+}Nb{sup 5+}O{sub 6}. The vibration spectra of all the <span class="hlt">compounds</span> exhibit two <span class="hlt">types</span> of instabilities: instability associated with the rotation of the oxygen octahedron and ferroelectric instability. Various combinations of distortions with respect to the rotation mode yield five energetically most favorable distorted phases. The symmetry and the energy characteristics of these phases are discussed. In four of the five phases,more » the distortions associated with the oxygen octahedron rotation lead to polar phases, thus allowing one to speak of improper ferroelectricity in these <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. One phase turns out to be nonpolar; however, it contains unstable polar modes such that a displacement along the eigenvectors of these modes gives rise to polarization in the crystal.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatEn...217135W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatEn...217135W"><span>Efficient ambient-air-stable solar cells with 2D-<span class="hlt">3</span>D heterostructured butylammonium-caesium-formamidinium lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Zhiping; Lin, Qianqian; Chmiel, Francis P.; Sakai, Nobuya; Herz, Laura M.; Snaith, Henry J.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> solar cells are remarkably efficient; however, they are prone to degradation in water, oxygen and ultraviolet light. Cation engineering in <span class="hlt">3</span>D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> absorbers has led to reduced degradation. Alternatively, 2D Ruddlesden-Popper layered <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> exhibit improved stability, but have not delivered efficient solar cells so far. Here, we introduce n-butylammonium cations into a mixed-cation lead mixed-halide FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(IyBr1-y)<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">3</span>D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. We observe the formation of 2D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> platelets, interspersed between highly orientated <span class="hlt">3</span>D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> grains, which suppress non-radiative charge recombination. We investigate the relationship between thin-film composition, crystal alignment and device performance. Solar cells with an optimal butylammonium content exhibit average stabilized power conversion efficiency of 17.5 ± 1.<span class="hlt">3</span>% with a 1.61-eV-bandgap <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and 15.8 ± 0.8% with a 1.72-eV-bandgap <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. The stability under simulated sunlight is also enhanced. Cells sustain 80% of their 'post burn-in' efficiency after 1,000 h in air, and close to 4,000 h when encapsulated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1953c0085P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1953c0085P"><span>Luminescence behaviour of room temperature chemical processed all-inorganic CsPbCl<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> cubes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Paul, T.; Chatterjee, B. K.; Maiti, S.; Besra, N.; Thakur, S.; Sarkar, S.; Chanda, K.; Das, A.; Sarkar, P. K.; Sardar, K.; Chattopadhyay, K. K.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>All inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> with different halide constituent have recently truncated the eyes of researchers owing to their intriguing optoelectronic features and thereby their usage perspective in photovoltaic applications, light emitting didoes and lasing devices. Here, adopting a simple, environment benign ambient conditioned chemical synthesis approach we have realized high quality cesium lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (CsPbCl<span class="hlt">3</span>) cube. The crystallinity and morphological characterizations were performed by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope measurements respectively while the chemical composition were examined via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic measurement. The as synthesized cubes crystallized in cubic phase and exhibited intense photoluminescence emission at ˜418 nm with a small FWHM value and prolonged photoluminescence decay time˜41 ns. Besides photoluminescence, these cubes displayed strong cathodoluminescence also. Accelerating voltage dependent cathodoluminescence study showed discernable differences in luminescence behaviour. We expect this synthetic strategy to be promising as it can be easily scaled up to produce bulk quantity nanoforms of different inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> in subtle manner for the realization of several <span class="hlt">types</span> of nanoscale devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1435173-correlation-between-geometrically-induced-oxygen-octahedral-tilts-multiferroic-behaviors-bifeo3-films','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1435173-correlation-between-geometrically-induced-oxygen-octahedral-tilts-multiferroic-behaviors-bifeo3-films"><span>Correlation between Geometrically Induced Oxygen Octahedral Tilts and Multiferroic Behaviors in BiFeO <span class="hlt">3</span> Films</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lee, Sung Su; Kim, Young-Min; Lee, Hyun-Jae</p> <p></p> <p>The equilibrium position of atoms in a unit cell is directly connected to crystal functionalities, e.g., ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and piezoelectricity. The artificial tuning of the energy landscape can involve repositioning atoms as well as manipulating the functionalities of <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> (<span class="hlt">ABO</span> <span class="hlt">3</span>), which are good model systems to test this legacy. Mechanical energy from external sources accommodating various clamping substrates is utilized to perturb the energy state of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials fabricated on the substrates and consequently change their functionalities; however, this approach yields undesired complex behaviors of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystals, such as lattice distortion, displacement of B atoms, and/or tilting of oxygenmore » octahedra. Owing to complimentary collaborations between experimental and theoretical studies, the effects of both lattice distortion and displacement of B atoms are well understood so far, which leaves us a simple question: Can we exclusively control the positions of oxygen atoms in <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> for functionality manipulation? Here the artificial manipulation of oxygen octahedral tilt angles within multiferroic BiFeO <span class="hlt">3</span> thin films using strong oxygen octahedral coupling with bottom SrRuO <span class="hlt">3</span> layers is reported, which opens up new possibilities of oxygen octahedral engineering.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1435173-correlation-between-geometrically-induced-oxygen-octahedral-tilts-multiferroic-behaviors-bifeo3-films','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1435173-correlation-between-geometrically-induced-oxygen-octahedral-tilts-multiferroic-behaviors-bifeo3-films"><span>Correlation between Geometrically Induced Oxygen Octahedral Tilts and Multiferroic Behaviors in BiFeO <span class="hlt">3</span> Films</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Lee, Sung Su; Kim, Young-Min; Lee, Hyun-Jae; ...</p> <p>2018-03-26</p> <p>The equilibrium position of atoms in a unit cell is directly connected to crystal functionalities, e.g., ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and piezoelectricity. The artificial tuning of the energy landscape can involve repositioning atoms as well as manipulating the functionalities of <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> (<span class="hlt">ABO</span> <span class="hlt">3</span>), which are good model systems to test this legacy. Mechanical energy from external sources accommodating various clamping substrates is utilized to perturb the energy state of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials fabricated on the substrates and consequently change their functionalities; however, this approach yields undesired complex behaviors of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystals, such as lattice distortion, displacement of B atoms, and/or tilting of oxygenmore » octahedra. Owing to complimentary collaborations between experimental and theoretical studies, the effects of both lattice distortion and displacement of B atoms are well understood so far, which leaves us a simple question: Can we exclusively control the positions of oxygen atoms in <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> for functionality manipulation? Here the artificial manipulation of oxygen octahedral tilt angles within multiferroic BiFeO <span class="hlt">3</span> thin films using strong oxygen octahedral coupling with bottom SrRuO <span class="hlt">3</span> layers is reported, which opens up new possibilities of oxygen octahedral engineering.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797391','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797391"><span>Lewis Acid-Base Adduct Approach for High Efficiency <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Jin-Wook; Kim, Hui-Seon; Park, Nam-Gyu</p> <p>2016-02-16</p> <p>Since the first report on the long-term durable 9.7% solid-state <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell employing methylammonium lead iodide (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>), mesoporous TiO2, and 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) in 2012, following the seed technologies on <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-sensitized liquid junction solar cells in 2009 and 2011, a surge of interest has been focused on <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells due to superb photovoltaic performance and extremely facile fabrication processes. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells reached 21% in a very short period of time. Such an unprecedentedly high photovoltaic performance is due to the intrinsic optoelectronic property of organolead iodide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> material. Moreover, a high dielectric constant, sub-millimeter scale carrier diffusion length, an underlying ferroelectric property, and ion migration behavior can make organolead halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> suitable for multifunctionality. Thus, besides solar cell applications, <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> material has recently been applied to a variety fields of materials science such as photodetectors, light emitting diodes, lasing, X-ray imaging, resistive memory, and water splitting. Regardless of application areas, the growth of a well-defined <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer with high crystallinity is essential for effective utilization of its excellent physicochemical properties. Therefore, an effective methodology for preparation of high quality <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layers is required. In this Account, an effective methodology for production of high quality <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layers is described, which is the Lewis acid-base adduct approach. In the solution process to form the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer, the key chemicals of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>I (or HC(NH2)2I) and PbI2 are used by dissolving them in polar aprotic solvents. Since polar aprotic solvents bear oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, they can act as a Lewis base. In addition, the main group <span class="hlt">compound</span> PbI2 is known to be a Lewis acid. Thus, PbI2 has a chance</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........73L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........73L"><span>Ab initio study of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">type</span> oxide materials for solid oxide fuel cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lee, Yueh-Lin</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">type</span> oxides form a family of materials of significant interest for cathodes and electrolytes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). These <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> not only are active catalysts for surface oxygen reduction (OR) reactions but also allow incorporating the spilt oxygen monomers into their bulk, an unusual and poorly understood catalytic mechanism that couples surface and bulk properties. The OR mechanisms can be influenced strongly by defects in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides, composition, and surface defect structures. This thesis work initiates a first step in developing a general strategy based on first-principles calculations for detailed control of oxygen vacancy content, transport rates of surface and bulk oxygen species, and surface/interfacial reaction kinetics. Ab initio density functional theory methods are used to model properties relevant for the OR reactions on SOFC cathodes. Three main research thrusts, which focus on bulk defect chemistry, surface defect structures and surface energetics, and surface catalytic properties, are carried to investigate different level of material chemistry for improved understanding of key physics/factors that govern SOFC cathode OR activity. In the study of bulk defect chemistry, an ab initio based defect model is developed for modeling defect chemistry of LaMnO <span class="hlt">3</span> under SOFC conditions. The model suggests an important role for defect interactions, which are typically excluded in previous defect models. In the study of surface defect structures and surface energetics, it is shown that defect energies change dramatically (1˜2 eV lower) from bulk values near surfaces. Based on the existing bulk defect model with the calculated ab initio surface defect energetics, we predict the (001) MnO 2 surface oxygen vacancy concentration of (La0.9Sr0.1 )MnO<span class="hlt">3</span> is about 5˜6 order magnitude higher than that of the bulk under typical SOFC conditions. Finally, for surface catalytic properties, we show that area specific resistance, oxygen</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29733567','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29733567"><span>Dependence of Acetate-Based Antisolvents for High Humidity Fabrication of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Devices in Ambient Atmosphere.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Fu; Kapil, Gaurav; Zhang, Putao; Hu, Zhaosheng; Kamarudin, Muhammad Akmal; Ma, Tingli; Hayase, Shuzi</p> <p>2018-05-16</p> <p>High-efficiency <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs) need to be fabricated in the nitrogen-filled glovebox by the atmosphere-controlled crystallization process. However, the use of the glovebox process is of great concern for mass level production of PSCs. In this work, notable efficient CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> solar cells can be obtained in high humidity ambient atmosphere (60-70% relative humidity) by using acetate as the antisolvent, in which dependence of methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl acetate on the crystal growth mechanism is discussed. It is explored that acetate screens the sensitive <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> intermediate phases from water molecules during <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film formation and annealing. It is revealed that relatively high vapor pressure and high water solubility of methyl acetate (MA) leads to the formation of highly dense and pinhole free <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films guiding to the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.<span class="hlt">3</span>% with a reduced hysteresis. The devices prepared using MA showed remarkable shelf life stability of more than 80% for 360 h in ambient air condition, when compared to the devices fabricated using other antisolvents with low vapor pressure and low water solubility. Moreover, the PCE was still kept at 15.6% even though 2 vol % deionized water was added in the MA for preparing the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26667323','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26667323"><span>Formation Dynamics of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Following Two-Step Layer Deposition.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Patel, Jay B; Milot, Rebecca L; Wright, Adam D; Herz, Laura M; Johnston, Michael B</p> <p>2016-01-07</p> <p>Hybrid metal-halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have emerged as a leading class of semiconductors for optoelectronic devices because of their desirable material properties and versatile fabrication methods. However, little is known about the chemical transformations that occur in the initial stages of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal formation. Here we follow the real-time formation dynamics of MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> from a bilayer of lead iodide (PbI2) and methylammonium iodide (MAI) deposited through a two-step thermal evaporation process. By lowering the substrate temperature during deposition, we are able to initially inhibit intermixing of the two layers. We subsequently use infrared and visible light transmission, X-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence lifetime measurements to reveal the room-temperature transformations that occur in vacuum and ambient air, as MAI diffuses into the PbI2 lattice to form MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span>. In vacuum, the transformation to MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> is incomplete as unreacted MAI is retained in the film. However, exposure to moist air allows for conversion of the unreacted MAI to MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, demonstrating that moisture is essential in making MAI more mobile and thus aiding <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystallization. These dynamic processes are reflected in the observed charge-carrier lifetimes, which strongly fluctuate during periods of large ion migration but steadily increase with improving crystallinity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27684448','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27684448"><span>Efficient Blue Electroluminescence Using Quantum-Confined Two-Dimensional <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kumar, Sudhir; Jagielski, Jakub; Yakunin, Sergii; Rice, Peter; Chiu, Yu-Cheng; Wang, Mingchao; Nedelcu, Georgian; Kim, Yeongin; Lin, Shangchao; Santos, Elton J G; Kovalenko, Maksym V; Shih, Chih-Jen</p> <p>2016-10-03</p> <p>Solution-processed hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are emerging as one of the most promising candidates for low-cost light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, due to a small exciton binding energy, it is not yet possible to achieve an efficient electroluminescence within the blue wavelength region at room temperature, as is necessary for full-spectrum light sources. Here, we demonstrate efficient blue LEDs based on the colloidal, quantum-confined 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, with precisely controlled stacking down to one-unit-cell thickness (n = 1). A variety of low-k organic host <span class="hlt">compounds</span> are used to disperse the 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, effectively creating a matrix of the dielectric quantum wells, which significantly boosts the exciton binding energy by the dielectric confinement effect. Through the Förster resonance energy transfer, the excitons down-convert and recombine radiatively in the 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. We report room-temperature pure green (n = 7-10), sky blue (n = 5), pure blue (n = <span class="hlt">3</span>), and deep blue (n = 1) electroluminescence, with record-high external quantum efficiencies in the green-to-blue wavelength region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29250534','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29250534"><span>Relation of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> Blood Groups to the Plaque Characteristic of Coronary Atherosclerosis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Xingtao; Zou, Yongpeng; Li, Lulu; Chen, Shuyuan; Hou, Jingbo; Yu, Bo</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood <span class="hlt">types</span> related to morphological characteristics of atherosclerosis plaque are not clear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups and the coronary plaque characteristic. We retrospectively identified the target lesions in 392 acute coronary syndrome patients who underwent optical coherence tomography examination before stenting. Subjects were divided into different groups according to different blood <span class="hlt">types</span>. The fibrous cap thickness was significantly thicker in O <span class="hlt">type</span> compared with non-O <span class="hlt">type</span> (0.075 ± 0.033 mm versus 0.061 ± 0.024, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the incidence of thin-cap fibroatheroma was also significantly higher in O <span class="hlt">type</span> compared with non-O <span class="hlt">type</span> (51.0% versus 71.5%, p < 0.001). The O <span class="hlt">type</span> showed a significantly larger minimum lumen area [1.26 (0.82, 2.13) versus 1.05 (0.67, 1.82), p = 0.020] and minimum lumen diameter [1.03 (0.74, 1.31) versus 0.95 (0.66, 1.25), p = 0.039] compared with non-O <span class="hlt">type</span>. There were no differences found in incidence of lipid plaque, plaque rupture, and thrombus between different blood <span class="hlt">type</span> groups even between O <span class="hlt">type</span> and non-O <span class="hlt">type</span> group ( p > 0.05). The plaques of O <span class="hlt">type</span> blood group were exhibited more stably compared with non-O <span class="hlt">type</span> blood group. Moreover, the non-O <span class="hlt">type</span> blood group have more serious coronary artery stenosis than O <span class="hlt">type</span> blood group.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ResPh...2...71A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ResPh...2...71A"><span>Phase transition in organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (C9H19NH<span class="hlt">3</span>)2 PbI2Br2 of long-chain alkylammonium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abid, H.; Trigui, A.; Mlayah, A.; Hlil, E. K.; Abid, Y.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Single <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> slab alkylammonium lead iodides bromides (C9H19NH<span class="hlt">3</span>)2PbI2Br2 is a new member of the family of hybrid organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. It exhibits a single structural phase transition with changes in the conformation of alkylammonium chains below room temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction and FT-Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate this phase transition. These changes were characterized by a decreased conformational disorder of the methylene units of the alkyl chains. Phase transition was examined in light of the interesting optical properties of this material, as well as the relevance of this system as models for phase transitions in lipid bilayers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28816047','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28816047"><span>Light-Independent Ionic Transport in Inorganic <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> and Ultrastable Cs-Based <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhou, Wenke; Zhao, Yicheng; Zhou, Xu; Fu, Rui; Li, Qi; Zhao, Yao; Liu, Kaihui; Yu, Dapeng; Zhao, Qing</p> <p>2017-09-07</p> <p>Due to light-induced effects in CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> -based <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, such as ion migration, defects formation, and halide segregation, the degradation of CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> -based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells under maximum power point is generally implicated. Here we demonstrated that the effect of light-enhanced ion migration in CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> can be eliminated by inorganic Cs substitution, leading to an ultrastable <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell. Quantitatively, the ion migration barrier for CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> is 0.62 eV under dark conditions, larger than that of CsPbI 2 Br (0.45 eV); however, it reduces to 0.07 eV for CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> under illumination, smaller than that for CsPbI 2 Br (0.43 eV). Meanwhile, photoinduced halide segregation is also suppressed in Cs-based <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. Cs-based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells retained >99% of the initial efficiency (10.<span class="hlt">3</span>%) after 1500 h of maximum power point tracking under AM1.5G illumination, while CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> solar cells degraded severely after 50 h of operation. Our work reveals an uncovered mechanism for stability improvement by inorganic cation substitution in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-based optoelectronic devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1046055','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1046055"><span>Development of n- and p-<span class="hlt">type</span> Doped <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Single Crystals Using Solid-State Single Crystal Growth (SSCG) Technique</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-10-09</p> <p>doped BaTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> single crystal) could be also fabricated by using a BaTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> ceramics with the same compositional gradient (Fig. 8). This result has...piezoelectric applications. Compositionally PZT ceramics lie near the MPB between the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases and MPB compositions ...single crystal growth) technique are suitable to grow a variety of “n- and p-<span class="hlt">type</span> doped” <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> single crystals of complicated compositions . The</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2657867','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2657867"><span>Common variation in the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> glycosyltransferase is associated with susceptibility to severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fry, Andrew E.; Griffiths, Michael J.; Auburn, Sarah; Diakite, Mahamadou; Forton, Julian T.; Green, Angela; Richardson, Anna; Wilson, Jonathan; Jallow, Muminatou; Sisay-Joof, Fatou; Pinder, Margaret; Peshu, Norbert; Williams, Thomas N.; Marsh, Kevin; Molyneux, Malcolm E.; Taylor, Terrie E.; Rockett, Kirk A.; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>There is growing epidemiological and molecular evidence that <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group affects host susceptibility to severe Plasmodium falciparum infection. The high frequency of common <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alleles means that even modest differences in susceptibility could have a significant impact on the health of people living in malaria endemic regions. We performed an association study, the first to utilize key molecular genetic variation underlying the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> system, genotyping >9000 individuals across <span class="hlt">3</span> African populations. Using population- and family-based tests we demonstrated that alleles producing functional <span class="hlt">ABO</span> enzymes are associated with greater risk of severe malaria phenotypes (particularly malarial anemia) in comparison with the frameshift deletion underlying blood group O: Case-control allelic odds ratio (OR) 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 – 1.32, P=0.0003; Family-studies allelic OR 1.19, CI 1.08 – 1.32, P=0.001; Pooled across all studies allelic OR 1.18, CI 1.11 - 1.26, P=2×10−7. Analyzing the family trios we found suggestive evidence of a parent-of-origin effect at the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> locus. Non-O haplotypes inherited from mothers, but not fathers, are significantly associated with severe malaria (likelihood ratio test of Weinberg, P=0.046). Finally we used HapMap data to demonstrate a region of low FST (−0.001) between the three main HapMap population groups across the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> locus, an outlier in the empirical distribution of FST across chromosome 9 (~99.5 – 99.9th centile). This low FST region may be a signal of longstanding balancing selection at the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> locus, caused by multiple infectious pathogens including P. falciparum. PMID:18003641</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3469569','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3469569"><span><span class="hlt">ABO</span> Blood Groups Influence Macrophage-mediated Phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum-infected Erythrocytes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Branch, Donald R.; Hult, Annika K.; Olsson, Martin L.; Liles, W. Conrad; Cserti-Gazdewich, Christine M.; Kain, Kevin C.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Erythrocyte polymorphisms associated with a survival advantage to Plasmodium falciparum infection have undergone positive selection. There is a predominance of blood group O in malaria-endemic regions, and several lines of evidence suggest that <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups may influence the outcome of P. falciparum infection. Based on the hypothesis that enhanced innate clearance of infected polymorphic erythrocytes is associated with protection from severe malaria, we investigated whether P. falciparum-infected O erythrocytes are more efficiently cleared by macrophages than infected A and B erythrocytes. We show that human macrophages in vitro and mouse monocytes in vivo phagocytose P. falciparum-infected O erythrocytes more avidly than infected A and B erythrocytes and that uptake is associated with increased hemichrome deposition and high molecular weight band <span class="hlt">3</span> aggregates in infected O erythrocytes. Using infected A1, A2, and O erythrocytes, we demonstrate an inverse association of phagocytic capacity with the amount of A antigen on the surface of infected erythrocytes. Finally, we report that enzymatic conversion of B erythrocytes to <span class="hlt">type</span> as O before infection significantly enhances their uptake by macrophages to observed level comparable to that with infected O wild-<span class="hlt">type</span> erythrocytes. These data provide the first evidence that <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group antigens influence macrophage clearance of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes and suggest an additional mechanism by which blood group O may confer resistance to severe malaria. PMID:23071435</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21792085','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21792085"><span><span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and chronic pancreatitis risk in the NAPS2 cohort.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Greer, Julia B; LaRusch, Jessica; Brand, Randall E; O'Connell, Michael R; Yadav, Dhiraj; Whitcomb, David C</p> <p>2011-11-01</p> <p>A risk association has been observed between non-O blood groups and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Chronic pancreatitis also increases risk for pancreatic cancer, raising questions as to whether non-O blood groups are a risk for chronic pancreatitis and whether the pathophysiologic pathways are linked. Our goal was to determine whether <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group may affect the risk of chronic pancreatitis. The study cohort included chronic pancreatitis patients (n = 499) and healthy controls (n = 631) from the North American Pancreatitis Study 2 study. Genotyping was performed using Sequenom assay of rs8176746 A/C and rs505922 C/T to classify participants into <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups. O blood group was nonsignificantly more common among cases (44.7% vs 42.0%; P = 0.36), particularly among cases with alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis (49.<span class="hlt">3</span>% vs 42%; P = 0.060). Alcoholic patients without coexisting high-risk PRSS1, CFTR, or SPINK1 variants had a significant overrepresentation of O blood <span class="hlt">type</span> when compared with controls (odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.17; P = 0.01). A, B, and AB blood groups were not associated with a greater likelihood of having chronic pancreatitis and may decrease the risk of chronic pancreatitis in individuals who are very heavy drinkers. These results suggest that the mechanism linking non-O blood <span class="hlt">type</span> with pancreatic pathology is specific to carcinogenesis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27569078','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27569078"><span>Relationship between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups and head and neck cancer among Greek patients.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kakava, Kassiani; Karelas, Ioannis; Koutrafouris, Ioannis; Damianidis, Savvas; Stampouloglou, Paulos; Papadakis, Georgios; Xenos, Antonios; Krania, Foteini; Sarof, Paulos; Tasopoulos, Georgios; Petridis, Nikolaos</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We examined the association of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups with the different <span class="hlt">types</span> of head and neck cancers. 195 diagnosed cases and 801 controls were selected from a Greek tertiary cancer center. Information regarding <span class="hlt">type</span> of head and neck cancer and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group was collected and registered. The O blood group was found to be most prevalent followed by A, B and AB among the controls, whereas blood group A followed by O, B and AB was most prevalent among cancer patients. The difference among the distribution between the cases and controls was statistically significant in blood group A (p<0.05), whereas blood group A had 1.52-fold higher risk of developing head and neck cancer compared to people of other blood groups. Blood group A was found to be a potential risk factor for the development of head and neck cancers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29596058','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29596058"><span>Manipulating the assembly of <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> onto soft nanoimprinted titanium dioxide templates.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Baca, Alfred J; Roberts, M Joseph; Stenger-Smith, John; Baldwin, Lawrence</p> <p>2018-06-22</p> <p>Soft nanoimprinted titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) substrates decorated with methylammonium lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> ) crystals were fabricated by controlling the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> precursor concentration and volume during spin coat processing combined with the use of hydrophobic TiO 2 templates. The patterned growth was demonstrated with different <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystallization methods. We investigated and successfully demonstrated the controlled assembly of two MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> nanomaterials, one a nanocomposite formed between the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and a hole conducting polymer poly(2,5-bis(N-methyl-N-hexylamino)phenylene vinylene) (BAMPPV), and a second formed from <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystals using common solution based MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> growth methods (1-step and 2-step processing). Both <span class="hlt">types</span> of MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> crystals were fabricated on hydrophobic TiO 2 nanotemplates composed of nanowells or grating patterns. Patterned areas as large as 100 μm × 100 μm were achieved. We examined and characterized the substrates using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. We present the optical properties (i.e. fluorescence and transmission) of soft nanoimprinted nanowells decorated with <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> demonstrating the successful synthesis of MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanocrystals. As an example of their use, we demonstrate a two terminal device and show photocurrent response of a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> patterned micro-grating. Our method is a nondestructive approach to nanopatterning <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, and produces patterned arrays that maintain their photo-electric properties. The results presented herein suggests an attractive route to developing nanopatterned and small area <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> substrates for applications in photovoltaics, x-ray sensing/detection, image sensor arrays, and others.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22596677-two-symmetric-type-interfaces-srtio-sub-laalo-sub-perovskite-electronic-properties-from-density-functional-theory','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22596677-two-symmetric-type-interfaces-srtio-sub-laalo-sub-perovskite-electronic-properties-from-density-functional-theory"><span>Two symmetric n-<span class="hlt">type</span> interfaces SrTiO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}/LaAlO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>: Electronic properties from density functional theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Reshak, A. H., E-mail: maalidph@yahoo.co.uk, E-mail: mabujafar@najah.edu; Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology, School of Material Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 01007 Kangar, Perlis; Abu-Jafar, M. S., E-mail: maalidph@yahoo.co.uk, E-mail: mabujafar@najah.edu</p> <p>2016-06-28</p> <p>The first principles study of the (001) two symmetric n-<span class="hlt">type</span> interfaces between two insulating <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, the nonpolar SrTiO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} (STO), and the polar LaAlO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} (LAO) was performed. We have analyzed the formation of metallic interface states between the STO and LAO heterointerfaces by using the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave approach based on the density functional theory, within the local density approximation, the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA), and the Engel-Vosko GGA (EVGGA) formalism. It has been found that some bands cross the Fermi energy level (E{sub F}), forming a metallic nature of two symmetric n-<span class="hlt">type</span> 6.5STO/1.5LAO interfaces withmore » density of states at E{sub F}, N(E{sub F}) of about <span class="hlt">3</span>.56 (state/eV/unit cell), and bare electronic specific heat coefficient (γ) of about 0.62 mJ/(mol cell K{sup 2}). The electronic band stature and the partial density of states in the vicinity of E{sub F} are mainly originated from Ti1,2,<span class="hlt">3,4-3</span>dxy orbitals. These bands are responsible for the metallic behavior and the forming of the Fermi surface of the two symmetric n-<span class="hlt">type</span> 6.5STO/1.5LAO interfaces. To obtain a clear map of the valence band electronic charge density distribution of the two symmetric n-<span class="hlt">type</span> 6.5STO/1.5LAO interfaces, we have investigated the bond's nature and the interactions between the atoms. It reveals that the charge is attracted towards O atoms as it is clear that the O atoms are surrounded by uniform blue spheres which indicate the maximum charge accumulation.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23033281','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23033281"><span><span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh blood groups frequency in women with HER2 positive breast cancer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Urun, Y; Utkan, G; Altundag, K; Arslan, O; Onur, H; Arslan, U Y; Kocer, M; Dogan, I; Senler, F C; Yalcin, B; Demirkazik, A; Akbulut, H; Icli, F</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The role of genetic factors in the development of cancer is widely accepted. Data on the role of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and Rh factor in breast cancer is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of a possible association between HER2 (+) breast cancer in Turkish women and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups and Rh factor. In 294 female patients with HER2 (+) breast cancer, <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups and Rh factor were examined. The relationship of blood groups with age, menopausal status, and family history of cancer, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 status of these patients was evaluated. Blood groups distribution of 22,821 healthy blood donors was also assessed and compared with the patients' blood groups distribution. The median patient age was 47 years (range 20-80) and 56% of the patients were premenopausal. ER and PR were positive in 50 and 60% of the patients, respectively. Overall, the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group distribution of the 294 HER2 (+) breast cancer patients was similar to that of the healthy blood donors (p=0.36). Likewise there was no correlation between blood <span class="hlt">type</span> and ER, PR and menopausal status. Rh (-) patients had more frequent family cancer history and this difference was significant for patients with blood group B Rh (-) and O Rh (-) (p = 0.04). In the present study we didn't find any relationship between HER2 status and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and Rh factor. However, further studies with larger number of patients are needed to establish the role (if any) of blood groups in patients with breast cancer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29749074','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29749074"><span>Colossal Negative Thermal Expansion in Electron-Doped PbVO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yamamoto, Hajime; Imai, Takashi; Sakai, Yuki; Azuma, Masaki</p> <p>2018-07-02</p> <p>Colossal negative thermal expansion (NTE) with a volume contraction of about 8 %, the largest value reported so far for NTE materials, was observed in an electron-doped giant tetragonal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">compound</span> Pb 1-x Bi x VO <span class="hlt">3</span> (x=0.2 and 0.<span class="hlt">3</span>). A polar tetragonal (P4mm) to non-polar cubic structural transition took place upon heating. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the working temperature could be tuned by changing the Bi content, and La substitution decreased the transition temperature to room temperature. Pb 0.76 La 0.04 Bi 0.20 VO <span class="hlt">3</span> exhibited a unit cell volume contraction of 6.7 % from 200 K to 420 K. Interestingly, further gigantic NTE of about 8.5 % was observed in a dilametric measurement of a Pb 0.76 La 0.04 Bi 0.20 VO <span class="hlt">3</span> polycrystalline sample. The pronounced NTE in the sintered body should be attributed to an anisotropic lattice parameter change. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1367173-electronrotor-interaction-organicinorganic-lead-iodide-perovskites-discovered-isotope-effects','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1367173-electronrotor-interaction-organicinorganic-lead-iodide-perovskites-discovered-isotope-effects"><span>Electron–Rotor Interaction in Organic–Inorganic Lead Iodide <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> Discovered by Isotope Effects</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gong, Jue; Yang, Mengjin; Ma, Xiangchao</p> <p></p> <p>We report on the carrier-rotor coupling effect in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> organic-inorganic hybrid lead iodide (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>) <span class="hlt">compounds</span> discovered by isotope effects. Deuterated organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span> including CH<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, CD<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, and CD<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> were synthesized. Devices made from regular CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> and deuterated CH<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> exhibit comparable performance in band gap, current-voltage, carrier mobility, and power conversion efficiency. However, a time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) study reveals that CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> exhibits notably longer carrier lifetime than that of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, in both thin-film and single crystal formats. Furthermore, the comparison in carrier lifetime between CD<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> and CH<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> single crystals suggests that vibrational modes in methylammonium (MA(+)) have little impact on carriermore » lifetime. In contrast, the fully deuterated <span class="hlt">compound</span> CD<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> reconfirmed the trend of decreasing carrier lifetime upon the increasing moment of inertia of cationic MA(+). Polaron model elucidates the electron-rotor interaction.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1293808-electronrotor-interaction-organicinorganic-lead-iodide-perovskites-discovered-isotope-effects','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1293808-electronrotor-interaction-organicinorganic-lead-iodide-perovskites-discovered-isotope-effects"><span>Electron–Rotor Interaction in Organic–Inorganic Lead Iodide <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> Discovered by Isotope Effects</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gong, Jue; Yang, Mengjin; Ma, Xiangchao</p> <p></p> <p>We report on the carrier-rotor coupling effect in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> organic-inorganic hybrid lead iodide (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>) <span class="hlt">compounds</span> discovered by isotope effects. Deuterated organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span> including CH<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, CD<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, and CD<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> were synthesized. Devices made from regular CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> and deuterated CH<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> exhibit comparable performance in band gap, current-voltage, carrier mobility, and power conversion efficiency. However, a time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) study reveals that CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> exhibits notably longer carrier lifetime than that of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, in both thin-film and single-crystal formats. Furthermore, the comparison in carrier lifetime between CD<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> and CH<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> single crystals suggests that vibrational modes in methylammonium (MA+) have little impact on carrier lifetime.more » In contrast, the fully deuterated <span class="hlt">compound</span> CD<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> reconfirmed the trend of decreasing carrier lifetime upon the increasing moment of inertia of cationic MA+. Polaron model elucidates the electron-rotor interaction.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27396858','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27396858"><span>Electron-Rotor Interaction in Organic-Inorganic Lead Iodide <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> Discovered by Isotope Effects.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gong, Jue; Yang, Mengjin; Ma, Xiangchao; Schaller, Richard D; Liu, Gang; Kong, Lingping; Yang, Ye; Beard, Matthew C; Lesslie, Michael; Dai, Ying; Huang, Baibiao; Zhu, Kai; Xu, Tao</p> <p>2016-08-04</p> <p>We report on the carrier-rotor coupling effect in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> organic-inorganic hybrid lead iodide (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>) <span class="hlt">compounds</span> discovered by isotope effects. Deuterated organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span> including CH<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, CD<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, and CD<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> were synthesized. Devices made from regular CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> and deuterated CH<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> exhibit comparable performance in band gap, current-voltage, carrier mobility, and power conversion efficiency. However, a time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) study reveals that CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> exhibits notably longer carrier lifetime than that of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, in both thin-film and single-crystal formats. Furthermore, the comparison in carrier lifetime between CD<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> and CH<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> single crystals suggests that vibrational modes in methylammonium (MA(+)) have little impact on carrier lifetime. In contrast, the fully deuterated <span class="hlt">compound</span> CD<span class="hlt">3</span>ND<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> reconfirmed the trend of decreasing carrier lifetime upon the increasing moment of inertia of cationic MA(+). Polaron model elucidates the electron-rotor interaction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvM...2a4407R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvM...2a4407R"><span>Giant ferrimagnetism and polarization in a mixed metal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> metal-organic framework</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rout, Paresh C.; Srinivasan, Varadharajan</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as potential candidates for multiferroicity. However, the <span class="hlt">compounds</span> synthesized so far possess only weak ferromagnetism and low polarization. Additionally, the very low magnetic transition temperatures (Tc) also pose a challenge to the application of the materials. We have computationally designed a mixed metal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> MOF—[C(NH2)<span class="hlt">3</span>] [(Cu0.5Mn0.5) (HCOO) <span class="hlt">3</span>] —that is predicted to have magnetization two orders of magnitude larger than its parent ([C (NH2)<span class="hlt">3</span>] [Cu (HCOO) <span class="hlt">3</span>] ), a significantly larger polarization (9.9 μ C /cm2), and an enhanced Tc of up to 56 K, unprecedented in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> MOFs. A detailed study of the magnetic interactions revealed a mechanism leading to the large moments as well as the increase in the Tc. Mixing a non-Jahn-Teller ion (Mn2 +) into a Jahn-Teller host (Cu2 +) leads to competing lattice distortions which are directly responsible for the enhanced polarization. The MOF is thermodynamically stable as evidenced by the computed enthalpy of formation and can likely be synthesized. Our work represents a first step towards rational design of multiferroic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> MOFs through the largely unexplored mixed metal approach.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28936870','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28936870"><span>Constructing Efficient and Stable <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells via Interconnecting <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Grains.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hou, Xian; Huang, Sumei; Ou-Yang, Wei; Pan, Likun; Sun, Zhuo; Chen, Xiaohong</p> <p>2017-10-11</p> <p>A high-quality <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film with interconnected <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> grains was obtained by incorporating terephthalic acid (TPA) additive into the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> precursor solution. The presence of TPA changed the crystallization kinetics of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film and promoted lateral growth of grains in the vicinity of crystal boundaries. As a result, sheet-shaped <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> was formed and covered onto the bottom grains, which made some adjacent grains partly merge together to form grains-interconnected <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film. <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs) with TPA additive exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.51% with less hysteresis, which is obviously higher than that of pristine cells (15.53%). PSCs without and with TPA additive retain 18 and 51% of the initial PCE value, respectively, aging for 35 days exposed to relative humidity 30% in air without encapsulation. Furthermore, MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> film with TPA additive shows superior thermal stability to the pristine one under 100 °C baking. The results indicate that the presence of TPA in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film can greatly improve the performance of PSCs as well as their moisture resistance and thermal stability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29203504','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29203504"><span>Frequencies and ethnic distribution of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and RhD blood groups in China: a population-based cross-sectional study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Jue; Zhang, Shikun; Wang, Qiaomei; Shen, Haiping; Zhang, Yiping; Liu, Min</p> <p>2017-12-03</p> <p><span class="hlt">ABO</span> and RhD blood groups are key factors affecting blood transfusion safety. The distribution of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and RhD blood groups varies globally, but limited data exist for ethnic distributions of these blood groups in Asian populations. We aimed to evaluate the distribution of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and RhD blood groups among Chinese ethnic groups. A population-based cross-sectional study. Data on <span class="hlt">ABO</span> groups and ethnicities were obtained from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project (NFPHEP) with participants from 220 counties of 31 provinces in China PARTICIPANTS: There were <span class="hlt">3</span> 832 034 participants aged 21-49 years who took part in the NFPHEP from January 2010 to December 2012 and were included in this study. The proportion of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and RhD blood groups among different ethnic groups was calculated. <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and RhD blood distribution was significantly different among nine ethnic groups (P<0.001). Compared with other ethnic groups, the Yi group had more A phenotypes (34.0%), and the Manchu (33.7%) and Mongolian (33.<span class="hlt">3</span>%) ethnic groups had more B phenotypes. The Zhuang group had the greatest proportion of O phenotypes (41.8%), followed by the Miao group (37.7%). AB phenotypes were more frequent in the Uygur ethnic group (10.6%) but lower in the Zhuang group (5.5%). Meanwhile, RhD negativity (RhD-) was greater in the Uygur group (<span class="hlt">3.3</span>%) than in the Mongolian (0.<span class="hlt">3</span>%) and Manchu ethnic groups (0.4%). O RhD- blood groups were more frequent in the Uygur group (0.8%) than in the other ethnic groups (0.1%-0.4%, P<0.001). <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and RhD blood phenotypes vary across different ethnic groups in China. The diversity in the distribution of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and RhD blood groups in different ethnic groups should be considered when developing rational and evidence-based strategies for blood collection and management. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28857493','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28857493"><span>Al2 O<span class="hlt">3</span> Underlayer Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition for Efficient <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Jinbao; Hultqvist, Adam; Zhang, Tian; Jiang, Liangcong; Ruan, Changqing; Yang, Li; Cheng, Yibing; Edoff, Marika; Johansson, Erik M J</p> <p>2017-10-09</p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> solar cells, as an emergent technology for solar energy conversion, have attracted much attention in the solar cell community by demonstrating impressive enhancement in power conversion efficiencies. However, the high temperature and manually processed TiO 2 underlayer prepared by spray pyrolysis significantly limit the large-scale application and device reproducibility of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. In this study, lowtemperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to prepare a compact Al 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> underlayer for <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. The thickness of the Al 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> layer can be controlled well by adjusting the deposition cycles during the ALD process. An optimal Al 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> layer effectively blocks electron recombination at the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>/fluorine-doped tin oxide interface and sufficiently transports electrons through tunneling. <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> solar cells fabricated with an Al 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> layer demonstrated a highest efficiency of 16.2 % for the sample with 50 ALD cycles (ca. 5 nm), which is a significant improvement over underlayer-free PSCs, which have a maximum efficiency of 11.0 %. Detailed characterization confirms that the thickness of the Al 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> underlayer significantly influences the charge transfer resistance and electron recombination processes in the devices. Furthermore, this work shows the feasibility of using a high band-gap semiconductor such as Al 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> as the underlayer in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells and opens up pathways to use ALD Al 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> underlayers for flexible solar cells. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.1639G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.1639G"><span>Anisotropic plasticity of MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> from atomic scale modeling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Goryaeva, Alexandra; Carrez, Philippe; Cordier, Patrick</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>In contrast to the lower mantle, the D″ layer exhibits significant seismic anisotropy both at the global and local scale [1]. Located right above the CMB, the D'' represents a very complex region and the causes of its pronounced anisotropy are still debated (CPO, oriented inclusions, layering, thermo-chemical heterogeneities etc). Among them, contribution of the post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> rheology is commonly considered to be substantial. However, for this high-pressure phase, information about mechanical properties, probable slip systems, dislocations and their behavior under stress are still extremely challenging to obtain directly from experiments [<span class="hlt">3</span>, 4]. Thus, we propose employing full atomistic modeling (based on the pairwise potential previously derived by [2]) to access the ability of MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> to deform by dislocation glide at 120 GPa. Lattice friction opposed to the dislocation glide in MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is shown to be highly anisotropic. Thus, remarkably low values of Peierls stress (1 GPa) are found for the glide of [100] screw dislocations in (010), while glide in (001) requires almost 18 times larger stress values. In general, (010) plane is characterized by the lowest lattice friction which suggests (010) deformation textures. Comparison of our results with previous study of MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (bridgmanite) [5], based on similar simulation approach, clearly shows that monotonous increase in Peierls stress of bridgmanite will be followed by a dramatic drop after the phase transition to the post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase, which consequently suggests the D'' located at the CMB to be weaker than the overlying mantle. In addition to that, the observed evolution of CRSS with temperature clearly demonstrates that post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> deforms in the athermal regime which backs up it to be a very weak phase and indicates its deformation by dislocation glide in contrast to high-lattice friction <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (bridgmanite) phase deformed by climb only. References [1</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1331268-enhanced-structural-stability-photo-responsiveness-ch3nh3sni3-perovskite-via-pressure-induced-amorphization-recrystallization','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1331268-enhanced-structural-stability-photo-responsiveness-ch3nh3sni3-perovskite-via-pressure-induced-amorphization-recrystallization"><span>Enhanced structural stability and photo responsiveness of CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>SnI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> via pressure-induced amorphization and recrystallization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Lu, Xujie; Wang, Yonggang; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; ...</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>An organic–inorganic halide CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>SnI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> with significantly improved structural stability is obtained via pressure-induced amorphization and recrystallization. In situ high-pressure resistance measurements reveal an increased electrical conductivity by 300% in the pressure-treated <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. Photocurrent measurements also reveal a substantial enhancement in visible-light responsiveness. In conclusion, the mechanism underlying the enhanced properties is shown to be associated with the pressure-induced structural modification.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Sci...358..734H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Sci...358..734H"><span><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> in Earth’s deep interior</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hirose, Kei; Sinmyo, Ryosuke; Hernlund, John</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Silicate <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> phases are the most abundant constituent inside our planet and are the predominant minerals in Earth’s lower mantle more than 660 kilometers below the surface. Magnesium-rich <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is a major lower mantle phase and undergoes a phase transition to post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> near the bottom of the mantle. Calcium-rich <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is proportionally minor but may host numerous trace elements that record chemical differentiation events. The properties of mantle <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are the key to understanding the dynamic evolution of Earth, as they strongly influence the transport properties of lower mantle rocks. <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> are expected to be an important constituent of rocky planets larger than Mars and thus play a major role in modulating the evolution of terrestrial planets throughout the universe.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23834108','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23834108"><span>Semiconducting tin and lead iodide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> with organic cations: phase transitions, high mobilities, and near-infrared photoluminescent properties.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stoumpos, Constantinos C; Malliakas, Christos D; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G</p> <p>2013-08-05</p> <p>A broad organic-inorganic series of hybrid metal iodide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> with the general formulation AMI<span class="hlt">3</span>, where A is the methylammonium (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>(+)) or formamidinium (HC(NH2)2(+)) cation and M is Sn (1 and 2) or Pb (<span class="hlt">3</span> and 4) are reported. The <span class="hlt">compounds</span> have been prepared through a variety of synthetic approaches, and the nature of the resulting materials is discussed in terms of their thermal stability and optical and electronic properties. We find that the chemical and physical properties of these materials strongly depend on the preparation method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1-4 classifies the <span class="hlt">compounds</span> in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structural family. Structural phase transitions were observed and investigated by temperature-dependent single crystal X-ray diffraction in the 100-400 K range. The charge transport properties of the materials are discussed in conjunction with diffuse reflectance studies in the mid-IR region that display characteristic absorption features. Temperature-dependent studies show a strong dependence of the resistivity as a function of the crystal structure. Optical absorption measurements indicate that 1-4 behave as direct-gap semiconductors with energy band gaps distributed in the range of 1.25-1.75 eV. The <span class="hlt">compounds</span> exhibit an intense near-IR photoluminescence (PL) emission in the 700-1000 nm range (1.1-1.7 eV) at room temperature. We show that solid solutions between the Sn and Pb <span class="hlt">compounds</span> are readily accessible throughout the composition range. The optical properties such as energy band gap, emission intensity, and wavelength can be readily controlled as we show for the isostructural series of solid solutions CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>Sn(1-x)Pb(x)I<span class="hlt">3</span> (5). The charge transport <span class="hlt">type</span> in these materials was characterized by Seebeck coefficient and Hall-effect measurements. The <span class="hlt">compounds</span> behave as p- or n-<span class="hlt">type</span> semiconductors depending on the preparation method. The samples with the lowest carrier concentration are prepared from solution and are n-<span class="hlt">type</span>; p-<span class="hlt">type</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28719061','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28719061"><span>Tailored Engineering of an Unusual (C4 H9 NH<span class="hlt">3</span> )2 (CH<span class="hlt">3</span> NH<span class="hlt">3</span> )2 Pb<span class="hlt">3</span> Br10 Two-Dimensional Multilayered <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Ferroelectric for a High-Performance Photodetector.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Lina; Sun, Zhihua; Wang, Peng; Hu, Weida; Wang, Sasa; Ji, Chengmin; Hong, Maochun; Luo, Junhua</p> <p>2017-09-25</p> <p>Two-dimensional (2D) layered hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have shown great potential in optoelectronics, owing to their unique physical attributes. However, 2D hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> ferroelectrics remain rare. The first hybrid ferroelectric with unusual 2D multilayered <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> framework, (C 4 H 9 NH <span class="hlt">3</span> ) 2 (CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> ) 2 Pb <span class="hlt">3</span> Br 10 (1), has been constructed by tailored alloying of the mixed organic cations into <span class="hlt">3</span>D prototype of CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbBr <span class="hlt">3</span> . Ferroelectricity is created through molecular reorientation and synergic ordering of organic moieties, which are unprecedented for the known 2D multilayered hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. Single-crystal photodetectors of 1 exhibit fascinating performances, including extremely low dark currents (ca. 10 -12  A), large on/off current ratios (ca. 2.5×10 <span class="hlt">3</span> ), and very fast response rate (ca. 150 μs). These merits are superior to integrated detectors of other 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, and compete with the most active CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> . © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015APS..MARL12004W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015APS..MARL12004W"><span><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span>- and Heusler based materials for thermoelectric converters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Weidenkaff, Anke</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>The broad application of thermoelectric converters in future energy technologies requires the development of active, stable, low cost and sustainable materials. Semiconductors based on <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and heusler structures show substantial potential for thermoelectric energy conversion processes. Their good performance can be explained based on their suitable band structure, adjusted charge carrier density, mass and mobility, limited phonon transport, electron filtering possibilities, strongly correlated electronic systems, etc. These properties are widely tuneable by following theoretical concepts and a deep composition-structure-property understanding to change the composition, structure and size of the crystallites in innovative scalable synthesis procedures. Improved thermoelectric materials are developed, synthesised and tested in diverse high temperature applications to improve the efficiency and energy density of the thermoelectric conversion process. The lecture will provide a summary on the field of advanced <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> ceramics and Heusler <span class="hlt">compounds</span> gaining importance for a large number of future energy technologies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22658246-magnetic-interactions-rhenium-containing-rare-earth-double-perovskites-sr-sub-lnreo-sub-ln-rare-earths','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22658246-magnetic-interactions-rhenium-containing-rare-earth-double-perovskites-sr-sub-lnreo-sub-ln-rare-earths"><span>Magnetic interactions in rhenium-containing rare earth double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> Sr{sub 2}LnReO{sub 6} (Ln=rare earths)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Nishiyama, Atsuhide; Doi, Yoshihiro; Hinatsu, Yukio, E-mail: hinatsu@sci.hokudai.ac.jp</p> <p></p> <p>The <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span> containing both rare earth and rhenium Sr{sub 2}LnReO{sub 6} (Ln=Y, Tb-Lu) have been prepared. Powder X-ray diffraction measurements and Rietveld analysis show that Ln{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} and Re{sup 5+} ions are structurally ordered at the B site of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> SrBO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}. Magnetic anomalies are found in their magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements at 2.6–20 K for Ln=Y, Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. They are due to magnetic interactions between Re{sup 5+} ions. The results of the magnetic hysteresis and remnant magnetization measurements for Sr{sub 2}YReO{sub 6} and Sr{sub 2}LuReO{sub 6} indicate that the antiferromagnetic interactions betweenmore » Re{sup 5+} ions below transition temperatures have a weak ferromagnetic component. The analysis of the magnetic specific heat data for Sr{sub 2}YbReO{sub 6} shows that both the Yb{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} and Re{sup 5+} ions magnetically order at 20 K. For the case of Sr{sub 2}DyReO{sub 6}, magnetic ordering of the Re{sup 5+} moments occurs at 93 K, and with decreasing temperature, the moments of Dy{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} ferromagnetically order at 5 K from the measurements of magnetic susceptibility and specific heat. - Graphical abstract: Crystal structure of double <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> Sr{sub 2}LnReO{sub 6}. Red and black lines show cubic and monoclinic unit cells, respectively. - Highlights: • Double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> Sr{sub 2}LnReO{sub 6} (Ln=rare earths) were prepared. • They show an antiferromagnetic transition at 2.6–20 K. • In Sr{sub 2}DyReO{sub 6}, Dy and Re moments magnetically order at 5 and 93 K, respectively.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018TDM.....5b1001L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018TDM.....5b1001L"><span>Fabrication of single phase 2D homologous <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> microplates by mechanical exfoliation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Junze; Wang, Jun; Zhang, Yingjun; Wang, Haizhen; Lin, Gaoming; Xiong, Xuan; Zhou, Weihang; Luo, Hongmei; Li, Dehui</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper <span class="hlt">type</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have attracted intensive interest for their great environmental stability and various potential optoelectronic applications. Fundamental understanding of the photophysical and electronic properties of the 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> with pure single phase is essential for improving the performance of the optoelectronic devices and designing devices with new architectures. Investigating the optical and electronic properties of these materials with pure single phase is required to obtain pure single phase 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. Here, we report on an alternative approach to fabricate (C4H9NH<span class="hlt">3</span>)2(CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>) n-1Pb n I<span class="hlt">3</span>n+1 microplates with pure single n-number <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase for n  >  2 by mechanical exfoliation. Micro-photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy studies reveal that the as-synthesized 2D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> plates for n  >  2 are comprised by dominant n-number phase and small inclusions of hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phases with different n values, which is supported by excitation power dependent photoluminescence. By mechanical exfoliation method, 2D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> microplates with the thickness of around 20 nm are obtained, which surprisingly have single n-number <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase for n  =  2-5. In addition, we have demonstrated that the exfoliated 2D <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> microplates can be integrated with other 2D layered materials such as boron nitride, and are able to be transferred to prefabricated electrodes for photodetections. Our studies not only provide a strategy to prepare 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> with a single n-number <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase allowing us to extract the basic optical and electronic parameters of pure phase <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, but also demonstrate the possibility to integrate the 2D <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> with other 2D layered materials to extend the device’s functionalities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1437221-curtailing-perovskite-processing-limitations-via-lamination-perovskite-perovskite-interface','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1437221-curtailing-perovskite-processing-limitations-via-lamination-perovskite-perovskite-interface"><span>Curtailing <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Processing Limitations via Lamination at the <span class="hlt">Perovskite/Perovskite</span> Interface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Van Hest, Marinus F; Moore, David; Klein, Talysa</p> <p></p> <p>Standard layer-by-layer solution processing methods constrain lead-halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> device architectures. The layer below the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> must be robust to the strong organic solvents used to form the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> while the layer above has a limited thermal budget and must be processed in nonpolar solvents to prevent <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> degradation. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a procedure where two transparent conductive oxide/transport material/<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> half stacks are independently fabricated and then laminated together at the <span class="hlt">perovskite/perovskite</span> interface. Using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, external quantum efficiency, X-ray diffraction, and time-resolved photoluminesence spectroscopy, we show that this procedure improves photovoltaic properties of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer.more » Applying this procedure, semitransparent devices employing two high-temperature oxide transport layers were fabricated, which realized an average efficiency of 9.6% (maximum: 10.6%) despite series resistance limitations from the substrate design. Overall, the developed lamination procedure curtails processing constraints, enables new device designs, and affords new opportunities for optimization.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26167092','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26167092"><span>Helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia with cellulitis after <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible living-donor liver transplantation: Case report.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mishima, Kohei; Obara, Hideaki; Sugita, Kayoko; Shinoda, Masahiro; Kitago, Minoru; Abe, Yuta; Hibi, Taizo; Yagi, Hiroshi; Matsubara, Kentaro; Mori, Takehiko; Takano, Yaoko; Fujiwara, Hiroshi; Itano, Osamu; Hasegawa, Naoki; Iwata, Satoshi; Kitagawa, Yuko</p> <p>2015-07-07</p> <p>Helicobacter cinaedi (H. cinaedi), a Gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium, is an enterohepatic non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species. We report the first case of H. cinaedi bacteremia with cellulitis after liver transplantation. A 48-year-old male, who had been a dog breeder for 15 years, underwent <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible living-donor liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus-induced decompensated cirrhosis using an anti-hepatitis B core antibody-positive graft. The patient was preoperatively administered rituximab and underwent plasma exchange twice to overcome blood <span class="hlt">type</span> incompatibility. After discharge, he had been doing well with immunosuppression therapy comprising cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroid according to the <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible protocol of our institution. However, 7 mo after transplantation, he was admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of recurrent cellulitis on the left lower extremity, and H. cinaedi was detected by both blood culture and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Antibiotics improved his symptoms, and he was discharged at day 30 after admission. Clinicians should be more aware of H. cinaedi in immunocompromised patients, such as <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible transplant recipients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EPJP..133...69B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EPJP..133...69B"><span>Structural and electrical properties of cobalt-doped 4H-SrMnO_{<span class="hlt">3</span>-δ} <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> obtained by the hydrothermal method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>ben Rguiga, N.; Álvarez-Serrano, I.; López, M. L.; Chérif, W.; Alonso, J. A.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>A mild hydrothermal method was adapted to prepare the SrMn_{1-x}CoxO_{<span class="hlt">3</span>-δ} (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. They showed hexagonal-4H <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> structure with space group P63/mmc, and cell parameters a ˜ 5.45 and c ˜ 9.08 Å, as deduced from X-ray and neutron diffraction data. The mean atomic concentrations indicated global stoichiometries close to the nominal ones whereas electron microscopy analyses pointed out to heterogeneity at the nanoscale. The characterization of the electrical response by means of impedance measurements, suggested a semiconductor behavior mainly ascribed to bulk contributions. Relaxation and conduction processes were analyzed. The materials showed mixed electronic-ionic conduction above ˜ 400 K, when ionic conduction between intergrains becomes favored. Microstructural homogeneity was revealed as the key factor controlling the electrical response.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29452208','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29452208"><span>Outcome of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible adult living-donor liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yoon, Young-In; Song, Gi-Won; Lee, Sung-Gyu; Hwang, Shin; Kim, Ki-Hun; Kim, Seok-Hwan; Kang, Woo-Hyoung; Cho, Hwui-Dong; Jwa, Eun-Kyoung; Kwon, Jae-Hyun; Tak, Eun-Young; Kirchner, Varvara A</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) can simultaneously cure hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and underlying liver cirrhosis, improving long-term results in patients with HCC. <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible LDLT could expand the living-donor pool, reduce waiting times for deceased-donor liver transplantation, and improve long-term survival for some patients with HCC. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients undergoing LDLT for HCC from November 2008 to December 2015 at a single institution in Korea. In total, 165 patients underwent <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible and 753 patients underwent <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible LDLT for HCC. <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible recipients underwent desensitization to overcome the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group barrier, including pretransplant plasma exchange and rituximab administration (300-375 mg/m 2 /body surface area). We performed 1:1 propensity score matching and included 165 patients in each group. 82.4% of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible and 83.0% of -compatible LDLT groups had HCC within conventional Milan criteria, respectively, and 92.1% and 92.7% of patients in each group had a Child-Pugh score of A or B. <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible and -compatible LDLT groups were followed up for 48.0 and 48.7 months, respectively, with both groups showing comparable recurrence-free survival rates (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14; 95% CI 0.68-1.90; p = 0.630) and overall patient-survival outcomes (HR 1.10; 95% CI 0.60-2.00; p = 0.763). These findings suggested that <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible liver transplantation is a feasible option for patients with HCC, especially for those with compensated cirrhosis with HCC within conventional Milan criteria. Despite hypothetical immunological concerns that the desensitization protocol for breaking through the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group barrier might have a negative impact on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, our experience demonstrated no significant differences in the long-term overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates between patients receiving <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-compatible or <span class="hlt">ABO</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhyB..522...57M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhyB..522...57M"><span>Potassium doped methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span>) thin films as a potential absorber for <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells; structural, morphological, electronic and optoelectric properties</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Muzammal uz Zaman, Muhammad; Imran, Muhammad; Saleem, Abida; Kamboh, Afzal Hussain; Arshad, Muhammad; Khan, Nawazish Ali; Akhter, Parvez</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>In this article, we have demonstrated the doping of K in the light absorbing CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> i.e. (M = CH<span class="hlt">3</span>, A = NH<span class="hlt">3</span>; x = 0-1). One of the major merits of methylammonium lead iodide (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>) <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> is that they act as efficient absorbing material of light in photovoltaic cell imparting long carrier lifetime and optimum band gap. The structural, morphological, electronic and optoelectric properties of potassium (K) doped light absorber methylammonium lead iodide (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>) <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are reported here i.e. Kx(MA)1-xPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> (M = CH<span class="hlt">3</span>, A =NH<span class="hlt">3</span>; x = 0-1). The thin films of <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> (x = 0-1) were deposited by spin coating on cleaned FTO substrates and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), current-voltage (IV), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) analysis. The organic constituents i.e. MA = CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>, in <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> solar cells induce instability even at the room temperature. To overcome such instabilities we have replaced the organic constituents by K because both of them have electropositive nature. Potassium successfully replaces the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>. Initially, this <span class="hlt">compound</span> grows in a tetragonal crystal structure, however, beyond 30% doping of potassium orthorhombic distortions are induced in the parent tetragonal unit cell. Such phase transformation is microscopically visible in the electron micrographs of doped samples; cubic grains for MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> begin to transform into strip like structures in K-doped samples. The resistance of the samples is decreased for partial K-doping, which we suggested to be arising due to the electropositive nature of K. It is observed that the binding energy difference between Pb4f and I<span class="hlt">3</span>d core levels are very similar in all the investigated systems and show formal oxidation states. Also, the partially doped samples showed increased absorption and bandgaps around 1.5 eV which is an optimum value for solar absorption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1354242-situ-measurement-texture-development-rate-cairo-post-perovskite','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1354242-situ-measurement-texture-development-rate-cairo-post-perovskite"><span>In-situ measurement of texture development rate in CaIrO <span class="hlt">3</span> post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hunt, Simon A.; Walker, Andrew M.; Mariani, Elisabetta</p> <p></p> <p>The rate of crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) development during deformation of post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is crucial in interpreting seismic anisotropy in the lowermost mantle but the stability field of MgSiO <span class="hlt">3</span> post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> prevents high-strain deformation experiments being performed on it. Therefore, to constrain the rate of CPO development in post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span>, we deformed CaIrO <span class="hlt">3</span>, a low-pressure analogue of MgSiO <span class="hlt">3</span> post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span>, in simple shear at <span class="hlt">3</span>.2 GPa and 400 °C to a shear strain (γ) of 0.81. From X-ray diffraction patterns acquired during deformation, we invert for CPO as a function of strain. By comparing the CPO that develops with visco-plastic self-consistentmore » (VPSC) models we constrain the critical resolved shear stresses (CRSS) of the non-primary slip-systems in CaIrO <span class="hlt">3</span> to be of order 6 times stronger than the primary [100] (010) slip system. This value is significantly less than has been assumed by previous studies and if applicable to MgSiO <span class="hlt">3</span> implies that seismic anisotropy in the D" layer develops slower than has previously been assumed.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApPhL.112s3901L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApPhL.112s3901L"><span>Calcium doped MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> with better energy state alignment in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lu, Chaojie; Zhang, Jing; Hou, Dagang; Gan, Xinlei; Sun, Hongrui; Zeng, Zhaobing; Chen, Renjie; Tian, Hui; Xiong, Qi; Zhang, Ying; Li, Yuanyuan; Zhu, Yuejin</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> material with better energy alignment in the solar cell device will have a profound impact on the solar cell performance. It is valuable to tune the energy states by element substitution and doping in <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. Here, we present that Ca2+ is incorporated into CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>, which up-shifts the valence band maximum and the conduction band minimum, leading to a difference between the bandgap and the Fermi level in the device. Consequently, Ca2+ incorporation results in an enhancement of the photovoltage and photocurrent, achieving a summit efficiency of 18.<span class="hlt">3</span>% under standard 1 sun (AM 1.5). This work reveals the doped <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> to improve the solar cell performance by tuning the energy state.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatPh..13..894O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatPh..13..894O"><span>Spin-polarized exciton quantum beating in hybrid organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskites</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Odenthal, Patrick; Talmadge, William; Gundlach, Nathan; Wang, Ruizhi; Zhang, Chuang; Sun, Dali; Yu, Zhi-Gang; Valy Vardeny, Z.; Li, Yan S.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Hybrid organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have emerged as a new class of semiconductors that exhibit excellent performance as active layers in photovoltaic solar cells. These <span class="hlt">compounds</span> are also highly promising materials for the field of spintronics due to their large and tunable spin-orbit coupling, spin-dependent optical selection rules, and their predicted electrically tunable Rashba spin splitting. Here we demonstrate the optical orientation of excitons and optical detection of spin-polarized exciton quantum beating in polycrystalline films of the hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbClxI<span class="hlt">3</span>-x. Time-resolved Faraday rotation measurement in zero magnetic field reveals unexpectedly long spin lifetimes exceeding 1 ns at 4 K, despite the large spin-orbit couplings of the heavy lead and iodine atoms. The quantum beating of exciton states in transverse magnetic fields shows two distinct frequencies, corresponding to two g-factors of 2.63 and -0.33, which we assign to electrons and holes, respectively. These results provide a basic picture of the exciton states in hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, and suggest they hold potential for spintronic applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29214632','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29214632"><span>Thorough analysis of unorthodox <span class="hlt">ABO</span> deletions called by the 1000 Genomes project.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Möller, M; Hellberg, Å; Olsson, M L</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">ABO</span> remains the clinically most important blood group system, but despite earlier extensive research, significant findings are still being made. The vast majority of catalogued <span class="hlt">ABO</span> null alleles are based on the c.261delG polymorphism. Apart from c.802G>A, other mechanisms for O alleles are rare. While analysing the data set from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project, we encountered two previously uncharacterized deletions, which needed further exploration. The Erythrogene database, complemented with bioinformatics software, was used to analyse <span class="hlt">ABO</span> in 2504 individuals from 1000G. DNA samples from selected 1000G donors and African blood donors were examined by allele-specific PCR and Sanger sequencing to characterize predicted deletions. A 5821-bp deletion encompassing exons 5-7 was called in twenty 1000G individuals, predominantly Africans. This allele was confirmed and its exact deletion point defined by bioinformatic analyses and in vitro experiments. A PCR assay was developed, and screening of African samples revealed three donors heterozygous for this deletion, which was thereby phenotypically established as an O allele. Analysis of upstream genetic markers indicated an ancestral origin from <span class="hlt">ABO</span>*O.01.02. We estimate this deletion as the <span class="hlt">3</span>rd most common mechanism behind O alleles. A 24-bp deletion was called in nine individuals and showed greater diversity regarding ethnic distribution and allelic background. It could neither be confirmed by in silico nor in vitro experiments. A previously uncharacterized <span class="hlt">ABO</span> deletion among Africans was comprehensively mapped and a genotyping strategy devised. The false prediction of another deletion emphasizes the need for cautious interpretation of NGS data and calls for strict validation routines. © 2017 International Society of Blood Transfusion.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28954484','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28954484"><span><span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups, Rhesus factor, and anaphylactic reactions due to Hymenoptera stings.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pałgan, Krzysztof; Bartuzi, Zbigniew; Chrzaniecka, Elżbieta</p> <p>2017-09-21</p> <p>Numerous publications indicate that the prevalence of some infectious, neoplastic and immunological diseases are associated with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups. The aim of this study was to verify whether <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rh blood groups are associated with severe anaphylactic reactions after Hymenoptera stings. A study was undertaken of 71,441 Caucasian subjects living in the same geographic area. The study group included 353 patients with diagnosed systemic anaphylaxis to Hymenoptera venom. Control group included 71,088 healthy blood donors. Frequencies of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> and Rhesus groups in the study and control groups were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses. No statistically significant interactions were observed between the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and anaphylactic reactions to Hymenoptera.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29883002','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29883002"><span>Highly Efficient 2D/<span class="hlt">3</span>D Hybrid <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells via Low-Pressure Vapor-Assisted Solution Process.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Ming-Hsien; Yeh, Hung-Hsiang; Chiang, Yu-Hsien; Jeng, U-Ser; Su, Chun-Jen; Shiu, Hung-Wei; Hsu, Yao-Jane; Kosugi, Nobuhiro; Ohigashi, Takuji; Chen, Yu-An; Shen, Po-Shen; Chen, Peter; Guo, Tzung-Fang</p> <p>2018-06-08</p> <p>The fabrication of multidimensional organometallic halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> via a low-pressure vapor-assisted solution process is demonstrated for the first time. Phenyl ethyl-ammonium iodide (PEAI)-doped lead iodide (PbI 2 ) is first spin-coated onto the substrate and subsequently reacts with methyl-ammonium iodide (MAI) vapor in a low-pressure heating oven. The doping ratio of PEAI in MAI-vapor-treated <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> has significant impact on the crystalline structure, surface morphology, grain size, UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra, and the resultant device performance. Multiple photoluminescence spectra are observed in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film starting with high PEAI/PbI 2 ratio, which suggests the coexistence of low-dimensional <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (PEA 2 MA n -1 Pb n I <span class="hlt">3</span> n +1 ) with various values of n after vapor reaction. The dimensionality of the as-fabricated <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film reveals an evolution from 2D, hybrid 2D/<span class="hlt">3</span>D to <span class="hlt">3</span>D structure when the doping level of PEAI/PbI 2 ratio varies from 2 to 0. Scanning electron microscopy images and Kelvin probe force microscopy mapping show that the PEAI-containing <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> grain is presumably formed around the MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> grain to benefit MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> grain growth. The device employing <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> with PEAI/PbI 2 = 0.05 achieves a champion power conversion efficiency of 19.10% with an open-circuit voltage of 1.08 V, a current density of 21.91 mA cm -2 , and a remarkable fill factor of 80.36%. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29769568','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29769568"><span>Cu/Cu2O nanocomposite films as a p-<span class="hlt">type</span> modified layer for efficient <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, You-Jyun; Li, Ming-Hsien; Huang, Jung-Chun-Andrew; Chen, Peter</p> <p>2018-05-16</p> <p>Cu/Cu 2 O films grown by ion beam sputtering were used as p-<span class="hlt">type</span> modified layers to improve the efficiency and stability of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs) with an n-i-p heterojunction structure. The ratio of Cu to Cu 2 O in the films can be tuned by the oxygen flow ratio (O 2 /(O 2  + Ar)) during the sputtering of copper. Auger electron spectroscopy was performed to determine the elemental composition and chemical state of Cu in the films. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed that the valence band maximum of the p-<span class="hlt">type</span> Cu/Cu 2 O matches well with the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. The Cu/Cu 2 O film not only acts as a p-<span class="hlt">type</span> modified layer but also plays the role of an electron blocking buffer layer. By introducing the p-<span class="hlt">type</span> Cu/Cu 2 O films between the low-mobility hole transport material, spiro-OMeTAD, and the Ag electrode in the PSCs, the device durability and power conversion efficiency (PCE) were effectively improved as compared to the reference devices without the Cu/Cu 2 O interlayer. The enhanced PCE is mainly attributed to the high hole mobility of the p-<span class="hlt">type</span> Cu/Cu 2 O film. Additionally, the Cu/Cu 2 O film serves as a protective layer against the penetration of humidity and Ag into the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> active layer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1377444-improved-chemical-electrochemical-stability-perovskite-oxides-less-reducible-cations-surface','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1377444-improved-chemical-electrochemical-stability-perovskite-oxides-less-reducible-cations-surface"><span>Improved chemical and electrochemical stability of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides with less reducible cations at the surface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Tsvetkov, Nikolai; Lu, Qiyang; Sun, Lixin; ...</p> <p>2016-06-13</p> <p>Segregation and phase separation of aliovalent dopants on <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide (<span class="hlt">ABO</span> <span class="hlt">3</span> ) surfaces are detrimental to the performance of energy conversion systems such as solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells and catalysts for thermochemical H 2 O and CO 2 splitting. One key reason behind the instability of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide surfaces is the electrostatic attraction of the negatively charged A-site dopants (for example, Sr La ') by the positively charged oxygen vacancies (Vmore » $$••\\atop{o}$$) enriched at the surface. Here we show that reducing the surface V $$••\\atop{o}$$ concentration improves the oxygen surface exchange kinetics and stability significantly, albeit contrary to the well-established understanding that surface oxygen vacancies facilitate reactions with O 2 molecules. We take La 0.8 Sr 0.2 CoO <span class="hlt">3</span> (LSC) as a model <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide, and modify its surface with additive cations that are more and less reducible than Co on the B-site of LSC. By using ambient-pressure X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopy, we proved that the dominant role of the less reducible cations is to suppress the enrichment and phase separation of Sr while reducing the concentration of V $$••\\atop{o}$$ and making the LSC more oxidized at its surface. Consequently, we found that these less reducible cations significantly improve stability, with up to 30 times faster oxygen exchange kinetics after 54 h in air at 530 °C achieved by Hf addition onto LSC. Finally, the results revealed a 'volcano' relation between the oxygen exchange kinetics and the oxygen vacancy formation enthalpy of the binary oxides of the additive cations. This volcano relation highlights the existence of an optimum surface oxygen vacancy concentration that balances the gain in oxygen exchange kinetics and the chemical stability loss.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1377444','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1377444"><span>Improved chemical and electrochemical stability of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides with less reducible cations at the surface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tsvetkov, Nikolai; Lu, Qiyang; Sun, Lixin</p> <p></p> <p>Segregation and phase separation of aliovalent dopants on <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide (<span class="hlt">ABO</span> <span class="hlt">3</span> ) surfaces are detrimental to the performance of energy conversion systems such as solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells and catalysts for thermochemical H 2 O and CO 2 splitting. One key reason behind the instability of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide surfaces is the electrostatic attraction of the negatively charged A-site dopants (for example, Sr La ') by the positively charged oxygen vacancies (Vmore » $$••\\atop{o}$$) enriched at the surface. Here we show that reducing the surface V $$••\\atop{o}$$ concentration improves the oxygen surface exchange kinetics and stability significantly, albeit contrary to the well-established understanding that surface oxygen vacancies facilitate reactions with O 2 molecules. We take La 0.8 Sr 0.2 CoO <span class="hlt">3</span> (LSC) as a model <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide, and modify its surface with additive cations that are more and less reducible than Co on the B-site of LSC. By using ambient-pressure X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopy, we proved that the dominant role of the less reducible cations is to suppress the enrichment and phase separation of Sr while reducing the concentration of V $$••\\atop{o}$$ and making the LSC more oxidized at its surface. Consequently, we found that these less reducible cations significantly improve stability, with up to 30 times faster oxygen exchange kinetics after 54 h in air at 530 °C achieved by Hf addition onto LSC. Finally, the results revealed a 'volcano' relation between the oxygen exchange kinetics and the oxygen vacancy formation enthalpy of the binary oxides of the additive cations. This volcano relation highlights the existence of an optimum surface oxygen vacancy concentration that balances the gain in oxygen exchange kinetics and the chemical stability loss.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018musr.confa1009S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018musr.confa1009S"><span>A-site Ordered Chromium <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span>, ACu<span class="hlt">3</span>Cr4O12 with A = Trivalent Ions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sugiyama, Jun; Nozaki, Hiroshi; Umegaki, Izumi; Higemoto, Wataru; Isobe, Masahiko; Takagi, Hidenori; Sakurai, Hiroya; Ansaldo, Eduardo J.; Brewer, Jess H.; Sassa, Yasmine; Forslund, Ola Kenji; Månsson, Martin</p> <p></p> <p>The magnetic ground state of the A-site ordered chromium <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, ACu<span class="hlt">3</span>Cr4O12 with A = Y, La, Eu, and Lu has been investigated with μ+SR using powder samples prepared by a high-pressure technique. Weak transverse field measurements revealed that the four <span class="hlt">compounds</span> enter into a magnetic phase below 230-260 K. Moreover, the transition temperature (TN) was found to decrease with increasing the size of A<span class="hlt">3</span>+ ions. Zero field measurements indicated the formation of static antiferromagnetic (AF) order in ACu<span class="hlt">3</span>Cr4O12 below TN. Furthermore, since the internal magnetic field in the AF phase is independent of A, the role of 4f electrons on the AF state is very limited and/or eventually absence in ACu<span class="hlt">3</span>Cr4O12.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMIN31B3718D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMIN31B3718D"><span>Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (<span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE) Science Cloud</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Duffy, D.; Schnase, J. L.; McInerney, M.; Webster, W. P.; Sinno, S.; Thompson, J. H.; Griffith, P. C.; Hoy, E.; Carroll, M.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The effects of climate change are being revealed at alarming rates in the Arctic and Boreal regions of the planet. NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program has launched a major field campaign to study these effects over the next 5 to 8 years. The Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (<span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE) will challenge scientists to take measurements in the field, study remote observations, and even run models to better understand the impacts of a rapidly changing climate for areas of Alaska and western Canada. The NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has partnered with the Terrestrial Ecology Program to create a science cloud designed for this field campaign - the <span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE Science Cloud. The cloud combines traditional high performance computing with emerging technologies to create an environment specifically designed for large-scale climate analytics. The <span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE Science Cloud utilizes (1) virtualized high-speed InfiniBand networks, (2) a combination of high-performance file systems and object storage, and (<span class="hlt">3</span>) virtual system environments tailored for data intensive, science applications. At the center of the architecture is a large object storage environment, much like a traditional high-performance file system, that supports data proximal processing using technologies like MapReduce on a Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). Surrounding the storage is a cloud of high performance compute resources with many processing cores and large memory coupled to the storage through an InfiniBand network. Virtual systems can be tailored to a specific scientist and provisioned on the compute resources with extremely high-speed network connectivity to the storage and to other virtual systems. In this talk, we will present the architectural components of the science cloud and examples of how it is being used to meet the needs of the <span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE campaign. In our experience, the science cloud approach significantly lowers the barriers and risks to organizations</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26716497','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26716497"><span>Relative Risks of Thrombosis and Bleeding in Different <span class="hlt">ABO</span> Blood Groups.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Franchini, Massimo; Lippi, Giuseppe</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group system is composed of complex carbohydrate molecules (i.e., the A, B, and H determinants) that are widely expressed on the surface of red blood cells and in a variety of other cell and tissues. Along with their pivotal role in transfusion and transplantation medicine, the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> antigens participate in many other physiological processes and, in particular, are important determinants of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII circulating plasma levels. The precise influence of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> system on hemostasis has led the way to the investigation of a putative implication in the risk of developing cardiovascular disorders. Along with the underlying molecular mechanisms, the current knowledge on the role of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group antigens in both the thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk will be summarized in this narrative review. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25463115','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25463115"><span>Relation of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis: an Gensini score assessment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gong, Ping; Luo, Song-Hui; Li, Xiao-Lin; Guo, Yuan-Lin; Zhu, Cheng-Gang; Xu, Rui-Xia; Li, Sha; Dong, Qian; Liu, Geng; Chen, Juan; Zeng, Rui-Xiang; Li, Jian-Jun</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Although the study on the relationship between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups and coronary atherosclerosis has a long history, few data is available regarding <span class="hlt">ABO</span> to severity of coronary atherosclerosis in a large cohort study. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relation of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis assessed by Gensini score (GS) in a large Chinese cohort undergoing coronary angiography. A total of 2919 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled, and their baseline characteristics and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups were collected. The GS was calculated as 1st tertile (0-10), 2nd tertile (11-36), <span class="hlt">3</span>rd tertile (>36) according to angiographic results. The relation of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups to GS was investigated. The frequency of blood group A was significantly higher in the upper GS tertiles (24.4% vs. 28.2% vs. 29.5%, p = 0.032). Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that blood group A was independently associated with GS (β = 0.043, p = 0.017). Likewise, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that group A remained significantly associated with mid-high GS (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.16-1.80, p = 0.001), and the group O was showed as a protective factor (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65-0.92, p = 0.004). In this large Chinese cohort study, the data indicated that there was an association between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Moreover, the blood group A was an independent risk factor for serious coronary atherosclerosis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19681577','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19681577"><span><span class="hlt">Perovskite-type</span> oxide thin film integrated fiber optic sensor for high-temperature hydrogen measurement.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tang, Xiling; Remmel, Kurtis; Lan, Xinwei; Deng, Jiangdong; Xiao, Hai; Dong, Junhang</p> <p>2009-09-15</p> <p>Small size fiber optic devices integrated with chemically sensitive photonic materials are emerging as a new class of high-performance optical chemical sensor that have the potential to meet many analytical challenges in future clean energy systems and environmental management. Here, we report the integration of a proton conducting <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide thin film with a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) device for high-temperature in situ measurement of bulk hydrogen in fossil- and biomass-derived syngas. The <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> Sr(Ce(0.8)Zr(0.1))Y(0.1)O(2.95) (SCZY) nanocrystalline thin film is coated on the 125 microm diameter LPFG by a facile polymeric precursor route. This fiber optic sensor (FOS) operates by monitoring the LPFG resonant wavelength (lambda(R)), which is a function of the refractive index of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide overcoat. At high temperature, the <span class="hlt">types</span> and population of the ionic and electronic defects in the SCZY structure depend on the surrounding hydrogen partial pressure. Thus, varying the H(2) concentration changes the SCZY film refractive index and light absorbing characteristics that in turn shifts the lambda(R) of the LPFG. The SCZY-coated LPFG sensor has been demonstrated for bulk hydrogen measurement at 500 degrees C for its sensitivity, stability/reversibility, and H(2)-selectivity over other relevant small gases including CO, CH(4), CO(2), H(2)O, and H(2)S, etc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA150900','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA150900"><span>Electrical and Thermal Transport Property Studies of High-Temperature Thermoelectric Materials.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1984-12-15</p> <p>Transport Property Studies of High-Temperature Thermoelectric Mateial 12. PERSONAL AUTHIOR(S) 113. <span class="hlt">TYPE</span> OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED Ai DATE OF REPORtT (Yr...with an <span class="hlt">ABO</span>(<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure. Transport properties have been determined for various doping ele- ments and for different compositions. These data...THERMAL TRANSPORT PROPERTY STUDIES Unannounced [j OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS Justi±icI iou. CONTRACT F-49620-83-0109 DEF By-- Battelle</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JSSCh.262..251K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JSSCh.262..251K"><span>First-principles analysis of ferroelectric transition in MnSnO<span class="hlt">3</span> and MnTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kang, Sung Gu</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The ferroelectric instabilities of an artificially adopted Pnma structure in low tolerance <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have been explored (Kang et al., 2017) [4], where an unstable A-site environment was reported to be the major driving source for the low tolerance <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> to exhibit ferroelectric instability. This study examined the ferroelectric transition of two magnetic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials, MnSnO<span class="hlt">3</span> and MnTiO<span class="hlt">3</span>, in Pnma phase. Phase transitions to the Pnma phase at elevated pressures were observed. MnSnO<span class="hlt">3</span>, which has a lower (larger) tolerance factor (B-site cation radius), showed a higher ferroelectric mode amplitude than MnTiO<span class="hlt">3</span>. The distribution of the bond length of Mn-O and the mean quadratic elongation (QE) of octahedra (SnO6 or TiO6) were investigated for structural analysis. However, MnTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> showed a larger spontaneous polarization than MnSnO<span class="hlt">3</span> due to high Born effective charges of titanium. This study is useful because it provides a valuable pathway to the design of promising multiferroic materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25274514','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25274514"><span>Prediction of possible CaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> modifications using an ab initio minimization data-mining approach.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zagorac, Jelena; Zagorac, Dejan; Zarubica, Aleksandra; Schön, J Christian; Djuris, Katarina; Matovic, Branko</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>We have performed a crystal structure prediction study of CaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> focusing on structures generated by octahedral tilting according to group-subgroup relations from the ideal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">type</span> (Pm\\overline <span class="hlt">3</span> m), which is the aristotype of the experimentally known CaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">compound</span> in the Pnma space group. Furthermore, additional structure candidates have been obtained using data mining. For each of the structure candidates, a local optimization on the ab initio level using density-functional theory (LDA, hybrid B<span class="hlt">3</span>LYP) and the Hartree--Fock (HF) method was performed, and we find that several of the modifications may be experimentally accessible. In the high-pressure regime, we identify a post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase in the CaIrO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">type</span>, not previously observed in CaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span>. Similarly, calculations at effective negative pressure predict a phase transition from the orthorhombic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> to an ilmenite-<span class="hlt">type</span> (FeTiO<span class="hlt">3</span>) modification of CaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29465246','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29465246"><span>Hybrid Dion-Jacobson 2D Lead Iodide <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mao, Lingling; Ke, Weijun; Pedesseau, Laurent; Wu, Yilei; Katan, Claudine; Even, Jacky; Wasielewski, Michael R; Stoumpos, Constantinos C; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G</p> <p>2018-03-14</p> <p>The three-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have shown huge potential for use in solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. Although these materials are under intense investigation, derivative materials with lower dimensionality are emerging, offering higher tunability of physical properties and new capabilities. Here, we present two new series of hybrid two-dimensional (2D) <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> that adopt the Dion-Jacobson (DJ) structure <span class="hlt">type</span>, which are the first complete homologous series reported in halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> chemistry. Lead iodide DJ <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> adopt a general formula A'A n-1 Pb n I <span class="hlt">3</span> n+1 (A' = <span class="hlt">3</span>-(aminomethyl)piperidinium (<span class="hlt">3</span>AMP) or 4-(aminomethyl)piperidinium (4AMP), A = methylammonium (MA)). These materials have layered structures where the stacking of inorganic layers is unique as they lay exactly on top of another. With a slightly different position of the functional group in the templating cation <span class="hlt">3</span>AMP and 4AMP, the as-formed DJ <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> show different optical properties, with the <span class="hlt">3</span>AMP series having smaller band gaps than the 4AMP series. Analysis on the crystal structures and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the origin of the systematic band gap shift is the strong but indirect influence of the organic cation on the inorganic framework. Fabrication of photovoltaic devices utilizing these materials as light absorbers reveals that (<span class="hlt">3</span>AMP)(MA) <span class="hlt">3</span> Pb 4 I 13 has the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.32%, which is much higher than that of the corresponding (4AMP)(MA) <span class="hlt">3</span> Pb 4 I 13 .</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28953381','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28953381"><span>Efficient Lead-Free Solar Cells Based on Hollow {en}MASnI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ke, Weijun; Stoumpos, Constantinos C; Spanopoulos, Ioannis; Mao, Lingling; Chen, Michelle; Wasielewski, Michael R; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G</p> <p>2017-10-18</p> <p>Tin-based <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have very comparable electronic properties to lead-based <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> and are regarded as possible lower toxicity alternates for solar cell applications. However, the efficiency of tin-based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells is still low and they exhibit poor air stability. Here, we report lead-free tin-based solar cells with greatly enhanced performance and stability using so-called "hollow" ethylenediammonium and methylammonium tin iodide ({en}MASnI <span class="hlt">3</span> ) <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> as absorbers. Our results show that en can improve the film morphology and most importantly can serve as a new cation to be incorporated into the <span class="hlt">3</span>D MASnI <span class="hlt">3</span> lattice. When the cation of en becomes part of the <span class="hlt">3</span>D structure, a high density of SnI 2 vacancies is created resulting in larger band gap, larger unit cell volume, lower trap-state density, and much longer carrier lifetime compared to classical MASnI <span class="hlt">3</span> . The best-performing {en}MASnI <span class="hlt">3</span> solar cell has achieved a high efficiency of 6.63% with an open circuit voltage of 428.67 mV, a short-circuit current density of 24.28 mA cm -2 , and a fill factor of 63.72%. Moreover, the {en}MASnI <span class="hlt">3</span> device shows much better air stability than the neat MASnI <span class="hlt">3</span> device. Comparable performance is also achieved for cesium tin iodide solar cells with en loading, demonstrating the broad scope of this approach.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27514760','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27514760"><span>Enhanced Structural Stability and Photo Responsiveness of CH<span class="hlt">3</span> NH<span class="hlt">3</span> SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> via Pressure-Induced Amorphization and Recrystallization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lü, Xujie; Wang, Yonggang; Stoumpos, Constantinos C; Hu, Qingyang; Guo, Xiaofeng; Chen, Haijie; Yang, Liuxiang; Smith, Jesse S; Yang, Wenge; Zhao, Yusheng; Xu, Hongwu; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G; Jia, Quanxi</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>An organic-inorganic halide CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> SnI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> with significantly improved structural stability is obtained via pressure-induced amorphization and recrystallization. In situ high-pressure resistance measurements reveal an increased electrical conductivity by 300% in the pressure-treated <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. Photocurrent measurements also reveal a substantial enhancement in visible-light responsiveness. The mechanism underlying the enhanced properties is shown to be associated with the pressure-induced structural modification. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24333075','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24333075"><span>CD144+ endothelial microparticles as a marker of endothelial injury in neonatal <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group incompatibility.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Awad, Hisham A E; Tantawy, Azza A G; El-Farrash, Rania A; Ismail, Eman A; Youssif, Noha M</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">ABO</span> antigens are expressed on the surfaces of red blood cells and the vascular endothelium. We studied circulating endothelial microparticles (EMP) in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> haemolytic disease of the newborn (<span class="hlt">ABO</span> HDN) as a marker of endothelial activation to test a hypothesis of possible endothelial injury in neonates with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> HDN, and its relation with the occurrence and severity of haemolysis. Forty-five neonates with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> HDN were compared with 20 neonates with Rhesus incompatibility (Rh HDN; haemolytic controls) and 20 healthy neonates with matched mother and infant blood groups (healthy controls). Laboratory investigations were done for markers of haemolysis and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF Ag). EMP (CD144(+)) levels were measured before and after therapy (exchange transfusion and/or phototherapy). vWF Ag and pre-therapy EMP levels were higher in infants with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> HDN or Rh HDN than in healthy controls, and were significantly higher in babies with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> HDN than in those with Rh HDN (p<0.05). In <span class="hlt">ABO</span> HDN, pre-therapy EMP levels were higher in patients with severe hyperbilirubinaemia than in those with mild and moderate disease or those with Rh HDN (p<0.001). Post-therapy EMP levels were lower than pre-therapy levels in both the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> HDN and Rh HDN groups; however, the decline in EMP levels was particularly evident after exchange transfusion in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> neonates with severe hyperbilirubinaemia (p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the concentrations of haemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase and indirect bilirubin were independently correlated with pre-therapy EMP levels in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> HDN. Elevated EMP levels in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> HDN may reflect an IgG-mediated endothelial injury parallel to the IgG-mediated erythrocyte destruction and could serve as a surrogate marker of vascular dysfunction and disease severity in neonates with this condition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27820812','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27820812"><span>Graded bandgap <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ergen, Onur; Gilbert, S Matt; Pham, Thang; Turner, Sally J; Tan, Mark Tian Zhi; Worsley, Marcus A; Zettl, Alex</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Organic-inorganic halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials have emerged as attractive alternatives to conventional solar cell building blocks. Their high light absorption coefficients and long diffusion lengths suggest high power conversion efficiencies, and indeed <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-based single bandgap and tandem solar cell designs have yielded impressive performances. One approach to further enhance solar spectrum utilization is the graded bandgap, but this has not been previously achieved for <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. In this study, we demonstrate graded bandgap <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells with steady-state conversion efficiencies averaging 18.4%, with a best of 21.7%, all without reflective coatings. An analysis of the experimental data yields high fill factors of ∼75% and high short-circuit current densities up to 42.1 mA cm -2 . The cells are based on an architecture of two <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layers (CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> SnI <span class="hlt">3</span> and CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span>-x Br x ), incorporating GaN, monolayer hexagonal boron nitride, and graphene aerogel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29286630','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29286630"><span>Impact of Ultrathin C60 on <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Photovoltaic Devices.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Dianyi; Wang, Qiong; Traverse, Christopher J; Yang, Chenchen; Young, Margaret; Kuttipillai, Padmanaban S; Lunt, Sophia Y; Hamann, Thomas W; Lunt, Richard R</p> <p>2018-01-23</p> <p>Halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells have seen dramatic progress in performance over the past several years. Certified efficiencies of inverted structure (p-i-n) devices have now exceeded 20%. In these p-i-n devices, fullerene <span class="hlt">compounds</span> are the most popular electron-transfer materials. However, the full function of fullerenes in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells is still under investigation, and the mechanism of photocurrent hysteresis suppression by fullerene remains unclear. In previous reports, thick fullerene layers (>20 nm) were necessary to fully cover the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film surface to make good contact with <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film and avoid large leakage currents. In addition, the solution-processed fullerene layer has been broadly thought to infiltrate into the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film to passivate traps on grain boundary surfaces, causing suppressed photocurrent hysteresis. In this work, we demonstrate an efficient <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> photovoltaic device with only 1 nm C 60 deposited by vapor deposition as the electron-selective material. Utilizing a combination of fluorescence microscopy and impedance spectroscopy, we show that the ultrathin C 60 predominately acts to extract electrons from the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film while concomitantly suppressing the photocurrent hysteresis by reducing space charge accumulation at the interface. This work ultimately helps to clarify the dominant role of fullerenes in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells while simplifying <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell design to reduce manufacturing costs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EML....14..155S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EML....14..155S"><span>Lead Acetate Based Hybrid <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Through Hot Casting for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shin, Gwang Su; Choi, Won-Gyu; Na, Sungjae; Gökdemir, Fatma Pinar; Moon, Taeho</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Flawless coverage of a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer is essential in order to achieve realistic high-performance planar heterojunction solar cells. We present that high-quality <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layers can be efficiently formed by a novel hot casting route combined with MAI (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>I) and non-halide lead acetate (PbAc2) precursors under ambient atmosphere. Casting temperature is controlled to produce various <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> microstructures and the resulted crystalline layers are found to be comprised of closely packed islands with a smooth surface structure. Lead acetate employed <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells are fabricated using PEDOT:PSS and PCBM charge transporting layers, in p- i- n <span class="hlt">type</span> planar architecture. Especially, the outstanding open-circuit voltage demonstrates the high crystallinity and dense coverage of the produced <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layers by this facile route.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5027556','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5027556"><span>Novel Solvent-free <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Deposition in Fabrication of Normal and Inverted Architectures of <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nejand, Bahram Abdollahi; Gharibzadeh, Saba; Ahmadi, Vahid; Shahverdi, H. Reza</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We introduced a new approach to deposit <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer with no need for dissolving <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> precursors. Deposition of Solution-free <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (SFP) layer is a key method for deposition of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer on the hole or electron transport layers that are strongly sensitive to <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> precursors. Using deposition of SFP layer in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells would extend possibility of using many electron and hole transport materials in both normal and invert architectures of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. In the present work, we synthesized crystalline <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> powder followed by successful deposition on TiO2 and cuprous iodide as the non-sensitve and sensitive charge transport layers to PbI2 and CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>I solution in DMF. The post compressing step enhanced the efficiency of the devices by increasing the interface area between <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and charge transport layers. The 9.07% and 7.71% cell efficiencies of the device prepared by SFP layer was achieved in respective normal (using TiO2 as a deposition substrate) and inverted structure (using CuI as deposition substrate) of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell. This method can be efficient in large-scale and low cost fabrication of new generation <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. PMID:27640991</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......102M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......102M"><span>Hybrid lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> for light energy conversion: Excited state properties and photovoltaic applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Manser, Joseph S.</p> <p></p> <p>The burgeoning class of metal halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> constitutes a paradigm shift in the study and application of solution-processed semiconductors. Advancements in thin film processing and our understanding of the underlying structural, photophysical, and electronic properties of these materials over the past five years have led to development of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells with power conversion efficiencies that rival much more mature first and second-generation commercial technologies. It seems only a matter of time before the real-world impact of these <span class="hlt">compounds</span> is put to the test. Like oxide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, metal halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have ABX<span class="hlt">3</span> stoichiometry, where typically A is a monovalent cation, B a bivalent post-transition metal, and X a halide anion. Characterizing the behavior of photogenerated charges in metal halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> is integral for understanding the operating principles and fundamental limitations of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> optoelectronics. The majority of studies outlined in this dissertation involve fundamental study of the prototypical organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">compound</span> methylammonium lead iodide (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span>). Time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy serves as a principle tool in these investigations. Excitation of a semiconductor can lead to formation of a number different excited state species and electronic complexes. Through analysis of excited state decay kinetics and optical nonlinearities in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> thin films, we identify spontaneous formation of a large fraction of free electrons and holes, whose presence is requisite for efficient photovoltaic operation. Following photogeneration of charge carriers in a semiconductor absorber, these species must travel large distances across the thickness of the material to realize large external quantum efficiencies and efficient carrier extraction. Using a powerful technique known as transient absorption microscopy, we directly image long-range carrier diffusion in a CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> thin film. Charges are unambiguously shown to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LatJP..54d..58I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017LatJP..54d..58I"><span>Influence of the Preparation Method on Planar <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>-xClx Solar Cell Performance and Hysteresis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ivanova, A.; Tokmakov, A.; Lebedeva, K.; Roze, M.; Kaulachs, I.</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>Organometal halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are promising materials for lowcost, high-efficiency solar cells. The method of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer deposition and the interfacial layers play an important role in determining the efficiency of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs). In the paper, we demonstrate inverted planar <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells where <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layers are deposited by two-step modified interdiffusion and one-step methods. We also demonstrate how PSC parameters change by doping of charge transport layers (CTL). We used dimethylsupoxide (DMSO) as dopant for the hole transport layer (PEDOT:PSS) but for the electron transport layer [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)) we used N,N-dimethyl-N-octadecyl(<span class="hlt">3</span>-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilyl chloride (DMOAP). The highest main PSC parameters (PCE, EQE, VOC) were obtained for cells prepared by the one-step method with fast crystallization and doped CTLs but higher fill factor (FF) and shunt resistance (Rsh) values were obtained for cells prepared by the two-step method with undoped CTLs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Nanot..28t5401Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Nanot..28t5401Z"><span>Enhanced optoelectronic quality of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films with excess CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>I for high-efficiency solar cells in ambient air</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Yunhai; Lv, Huiru; Cui, Can; Xu, Lingbo; Wang, Peng; Wang, Hao; Yu, Xuegong; Xie, Jiangsheng; Huang, Jiabin; Tang, Zeguo; Yang, Deren</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Solution-processed polycrystalline <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films contribute critically to the high photovoltaic performance of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-based solar cells (PSCs). The inevitable electronic trap states at grain boundaries and intrinsic defects such as metallic lead (Pb0) and halide vacancies in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films cause serious carrier recombination loss. Furthermore, the film can easily decompose into PbI2 in a moist atmosphere. Here, we introduce a simple strategy, through a small increase in methylammonium iodide (CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>I, MAI), molar proportion (5%), for <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> fabrication in ambient air with ˜50% relative humidity. Analysis of the morphology and crystallography demonstrates that excess MAI significantly promotes grain growth without decomposition. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy shows that no metallic Pb0 exists in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film and the I/Pb ratio is improved. A time-resolved photoluminescence measurement indicates efficient suppression of non-radiative recombination in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer. As a result, the device yields improved power conversion efficiency from 14.06% to 18.26% with reduced hysteresis and higher stability under AM1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2). This work strongly provides a feasible and low-cost way to develop highly efficient PSCs in ambient air.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1185779-density-functional-studies-stoichiometric-surfaces-orthorhombic-hybrid-perovskite-ch3nh3pbi3','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1185779-density-functional-studies-stoichiometric-surfaces-orthorhombic-hybrid-perovskite-ch3nh3pbi3"><span>Density Functional Studies of Stoichiometric Surfaces of Orthorhombic Hybrid <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Wang, Yun; Huang, Jingsong; Sumpter, Bobby G.; ...</p> <p>2014-12-19</p> <p>Organic/inorganic hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials are highly attractive for dye-sensitized solar cells as demonstrated by their rapid advances in energy conversion efficiency. In this work, the structures, energetics, and electronic properties for a range of stoichiometric surfaces of the orthorhombic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> are theoretically studied using density functional theory. Various possible spatially and constitutionally isomeric surfaces are considered by diversifying the spatial orientations and connectivities of surface Pb-I bonds. The comparison of the surface energies for the most stable configurations identified for various surfaces shows that the stabilities of stoichiometric surfaces are mainly dictated by the coordination numbers of surface atoms,more » which are directly correlated with the numbers of broken bonds. Additionally, Coulombic interactions between I anions and organic countercations on the surface also contribute to the stabilization. Electronic properties are compared between the most stable (100) surface and the bulk phase, showing generally similar features except for the lifted band degeneracy and the enhanced bandgap energy for the surface. These studies on the stoichiometric surfaces serve as the first step toward gaining a fundamental understanding of the interfacial properties in the current structural design of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> based solar cells, in order to achieve further breakthroughs in solar conversion efficiencies.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27766739','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27766739"><span>Thin-Film Transformation of NH4 PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> to CH<span class="hlt">3</span> NH<span class="hlt">3</span> PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span>: A Methylamine-Induced Conversion-Healing Process.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zong, Yingxia; Zhou, Yuanyuan; Ju, Minggang; Garces, Hector F; Krause, Amanda R; Ji, Fuxiang; Cui, Guanglei; Zeng, Xiao Cheng; Padture, Nitin P; Pang, Shuping</p> <p>2016-11-14</p> <p>Methylamine-induced thin-film transformation at room-temperature is discovered, where a porous, rough, polycrystalline NH 4 PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> non-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> thin film converts stepwise into a dense, ultrasmooth, textured CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> thin film. Owing to the beneficial phase/structural development of the thin film, its photovoltaic properties undergo dramatic enhancement during this NH 4 PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> -to-CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> transformation process. The chemical origins of this transformation are studied at various length scales. © 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1942n0038B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1942n0038B"><span>High efficient <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell material CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>: Synthesis of films and their characterization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bera, Amrita Mandal; Wargulski, Dan Ralf; Unold, Thomas</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Hybrid organometal <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have been emerged as promising solar cell material and have exhibited solar cell efficiency more than 20%. Thin films of Methylammonium lead iodide CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials have been synthesized by two different (one step and two steps) methods and their morphological properties have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscope imaging. The morphology of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> layer is one of the most important parameters which affect solar cell efficiency. The morphology of the films revealed that two steps method provides better surface coverage than the one step method. However, the grain sizes were smaller in case of two steps method. The films prepared by two steps methods on different substrates revealed that the grain size also depend on the substrate where an increase of the grain size was found from glass substrate to FTO with TiO2 blocking layer to FTO without any change in the surface coverage area. Present study reveals that an improved quality of films can be obtained by two steps method by an optimization of synthesis processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22658091-role-nonmagnetic-sup-vs-sup-type-cations-magnetic-exchange-interactions-osmium-double-perovskites','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22658091-role-nonmagnetic-sup-vs-sup-type-cations-magnetic-exchange-interactions-osmium-double-perovskites"><span>The role of nonmagnetic d{sup 0} vs. d{sup 10}B-<span class="hlt">type</span> cations on the magnetic exchange interactions in osmium double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Feng, Hai L., E-mail: Hai.Feng@cpfs.mpg.de; Yamaura, Kazunari; Tjeng, Liu Hao</p> <p></p> <p>Polycrystalline samples of double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> Ba{sub 2}BOsO{sub 6} (B=Sc, Y, In) were synthesized by solid state reactions. They adopt the cubic double <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structures (space group, Fm-<span class="hlt">3</span>m) with ordered B and Os arrangements. Ba{sub 2}BOsO{sub 6} (B=Sc, Y, In) show antiferromagnetic transitions at 93 K, 69 K, and 28 K, respectively. The Weiss-temperatures are −590 K for Ba{sub 2}ScOsO{sub 6}, −571 K for Ba{sub 2}YOsO{sub 6}, and −155 K for Ba{sub 2}InOsO{sub 6}. Sc{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} and Y{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} have the open-shell d{sup 0} electronic configuration, while In{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} has the closed-shell d{sup 10}. This indicates that a d{sup 0} B-typemore » cation induces stronger overall magnetic exchange interactions in comparison to a d{sup 10}. Comparison of Ba{sub 2}BOsO{sub 6} (B=Sc, Y, In) to their Sr and Ca analogues shows that the structural distortions weaken the overall magnetic exchange interactions. - Graphical abstract: Magnetic properties of osmium double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> Ba{sub 2}BOsO{sub 6} (B=Sc, Y, In) were studied. Comparison of Ba{sub 2}BOsO{sub 6}indicates that a d{sup 0} B-<span class="hlt">type</span> cation induces stronger overall magnetic exchange interactions in comparison to a d{sup 10}. - Highlights: • Magnetic properties of double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> Ba{sub 2}BOsO{sub 6} (B=Sc, Y, In) were studied. • A d{sup 0}B-<span class="hlt">type</span> cation induces stronger magnetic interactions than a d{sup 10}. • Structural distortions weaken the overall Os{sup 5+}-Os{sup 5+} magnetic interactions.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29093357','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29093357"><span>Gastroduodenal Ulcers and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> Blood Group: the Japan Nurses' Health Study (JNHS).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alkebsi, Lobna; Ideno, Yuki; Lee, Jung-Su; Suzuki, Shosuke; Nakajima-Shimada, Junko; Ohnishi, Hiroshi; Sato, Yasunori; Hayashi, Kunihiko</p> <p>2018-01-05</p> <p>Although several studies have shown that blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O is associated with increased risk of peptic ulcer, few studies have investigated these associations in Japan. We sought to investigate the association between the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and risk of gastroduodenal ulcers (GDU) using combined analysis of both retrospective and prospective data from a large cohort study of Japanese women, the Japan Nurses' Health Study (JNHS; n = 15,019). The impact of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group on GDU risk was examined using Cox regression analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with women with non-O blood <span class="hlt">types</span> (A, B, and AB), women with blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O had a significantly increased risk of GDU from birth (multivariable-adjusted HR 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04-1.34). Moreover, the highest cumulative incidence of GDU was observed in women born pre-1956 with blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O. In a subgroup analysis stratified by birth year (pre-1956 or post-1955), the multivariable-adjusted HR of women with blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.00-1.49) and 1.15 (95% CI, 0.98-1.35) in the pre-1956 and post-1955 groups, respectively. In this large, combined, ambispective cohort study of Japanese women, older women with blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O had a higher risk of developing GDU than those with other blood <span class="hlt">types</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5742377','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5742377"><span>Gastroduodenal Ulcers and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> Blood Group: the Japan Nurses’ Health Study (JNHS)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ideno, Yuki; Lee, Jung-Su; Suzuki, Shosuke; Nakajima-Shimada, Junko; Ohnishi, Hiroshi; Sato, Yasunori; Hayashi, Kunihiko</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Background Although several studies have shown that blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O is associated with increased risk of peptic ulcer, few studies have investigated these associations in Japan. We sought to investigate the association between the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and risk of gastroduodenal ulcers (GDU) using combined analysis of both retrospective and prospective data from a large cohort study of Japanese women, the Japan Nurses’ Health Study (JNHS; n = 15,019). Methods The impact of the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group on GDU risk was examined using Cox regression analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with adjustment for potential confounders. Results Compared with women with non-O blood <span class="hlt">types</span> (A, B, and AB), women with blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O had a significantly increased risk of GDU from birth (multivariable-adjusted HR 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04–1.34). Moreover, the highest cumulative incidence of GDU was observed in women born pre-1956 with blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O. In a subgroup analysis stratified by birth year (pre-1956 or post-1955), the multivariable-adjusted HR of women with blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.00–1.49) and 1.15 (95% CI, 0.98–1.35) in the pre-1956 and post-1955 groups, respectively. Conclusion In this large, combined, ambispective cohort study of Japanese women, older women with blood <span class="hlt">type</span> O had a higher risk of developing GDU than those with other blood <span class="hlt">types</span>. PMID:29093357</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016FrMat...3...19P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016FrMat...3...19P"><span>Finding New <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Halides via Machine learning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pilania, Ghanshyam; Balachandran, Prasanna V.; Kim, Chiho; Lookman, Turab</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Advanced materials with improved properties have the potential to fuel future technological advancements. However, identification and discovery of these optimal materials for a specific application is a non-trivial task, because of the vastness of the chemical search space with enormous compositional and configurational degrees of freedom. Materials informatics provides an efficient approach towards rational design of new materials, via learning from known data to make decisions on new and previously unexplored <span class="hlt">compounds</span> in an accelerated manner. Here, we demonstrate the power and utility of such statistical learning (or machine learning) via building a support vector machine (SVM) based classifier that uses elemental features (or descriptors) to predict the formability of a given ABX<span class="hlt">3</span> halide composition (where A and B represent monovalent and divalent cations, respectively, and X is F, Cl, Br or I anion) in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal structure. The classification model is built by learning from a dataset of 181 experimentally known ABX<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. After exploring a wide range of features, we identify ionic radii, tolerance factor and octahedral factor to be the most important factors for the classification, suggesting that steric and geometric packing effects govern the stability of these halides. The trained and validated models then predict, with a high degree of confidence, several novel ABX<span class="hlt">3</span> compositions with <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal structure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1258584-finding-new-perovskite-halides-via-machine-learning','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1258584-finding-new-perovskite-halides-via-machine-learning"><span>Finding new <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halides via machine learning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Pilania, Ghanshyam; Balachandran, Prasanna V.; Kim, Chiho; ...</p> <p>2016-04-26</p> <p>Advanced materials with improved properties have the potential to fuel future technological advancements. However, identification and discovery of these optimal materials for a specific application is a non-trivial task, because of the vastness of the chemical search space with enormous compositional and configurational degrees of freedom. Materials informatics provides an efficient approach toward rational design of new materials, via learning from known data to make decisions on new and previously unexplored <span class="hlt">compounds</span> in an accelerated manner. Here, we demonstrate the power and utility of such statistical learning (or machine learning, henceforth referred to as ML) via building a support vectormore » machine (SVM) based classifier that uses elemental features (or descriptors) to predict the formability of a given ABX <span class="hlt">3</span> halide composition (where A and B represent monovalent and divalent cations, respectively, and X is F, Cl, Br, or I anion) in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal structure. The classification model is built by learning from a dataset of 185 experimentally known ABX <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. After exploring a wide range of features, we identify ionic radii, tolerance factor, and octahedral factor to be the most important factors for the classification, suggesting that steric and geometric packing effects govern the stability of these halides. As a result, the trained and validated models then predict, with a high degree of confidence, several novel ABX <span class="hlt">3</span> compositions with <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal structure.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1258584','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1258584"><span>Finding new <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halides via machine learning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Pilania, Ghanshyam; Balachandran, Prasanna V.; Kim, Chiho</p> <p></p> <p>Advanced materials with improved properties have the potential to fuel future technological advancements. However, identification and discovery of these optimal materials for a specific application is a non-trivial task, because of the vastness of the chemical search space with enormous compositional and configurational degrees of freedom. Materials informatics provides an efficient approach toward rational design of new materials, via learning from known data to make decisions on new and previously unexplored <span class="hlt">compounds</span> in an accelerated manner. Here, we demonstrate the power and utility of such statistical learning (or machine learning, henceforth referred to as ML) via building a support vectormore » machine (SVM) based classifier that uses elemental features (or descriptors) to predict the formability of a given ABX <span class="hlt">3</span> halide composition (where A and B represent monovalent and divalent cations, respectively, and X is F, Cl, Br, or I anion) in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal structure. The classification model is built by learning from a dataset of 185 experimentally known ABX <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. After exploring a wide range of features, we identify ionic radii, tolerance factor, and octahedral factor to be the most important factors for the classification, suggesting that steric and geometric packing effects govern the stability of these halides. As a result, the trained and validated models then predict, with a high degree of confidence, several novel ABX <span class="hlt">3</span> compositions with <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystal structure.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29740983','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29740983"><span>CH<span class="hlt">3</span> NH<span class="hlt">3</span> PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> and HC(NH2 )2 PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> Powders Synthesized from Low-Grade PbI2 : Single Precursor for High-Efficiency <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Yong; Kim, Seul-Gi; Lee, Do-Kyoung; Park, Nam-Gyu</p> <p>2018-05-09</p> <p>High-efficiency <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells are generally fabricated by using highly pure (>99.99 %) PbI 2 mixed with an organic iodide in polar aprotic solvents. However, the use of such an expensive chemical may impede progress toward large-scale industrial applications. Here, we report on the synthesis of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> powders by using inexpensive low-grade (99 %) PbI 2 and on the photovoltaic performance of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells prepared from a powder-based single precursor. Pure APbI <span class="hlt">3</span> [A=methylammonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA)] <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> powders were synthesized by treating low-grade PbI 2 with MAI or FAI in acetonitrile at ambient temperature. The structural phase purity was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The solar cell with a MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> film prepared from the synthesized <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> powder demonstrated a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.14 %, which is higher than the PCE of MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> films prepared by using both MAI and PbI 2 as precursors (PCE=13.09 % for 99 % pure PbI 2 and PCE=16.39 % for 99.9985 % pure PbI 2 ). The synthesized powder showed better absorption and photoluminescence, which were responsible for the better photovoltaic performance. For the FAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> powder, a solution with a yellow non-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> δ-FAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> powder synthesized at room temperature was found to lead to a black <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film, whereas a solution with the black <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> α-FAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> powder synthesized at 150 °C was not transformed into a black <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film. The α↔δ transition between the powder and film was assumed to correlate with the difference in the iodoplumbates in the powder-dissolved solution. An average PCE of 17.21 % along with a smaller hysteresis [ΔPCE=PCE reverse -PCE forward )=1.53 %] was demonstrated from the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell prepared by using δ-FAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> powder; this PCE is higher than the average PCE of 17.05 % with a larger hysteresis (ΔPCE=2.71 %) for a device based on a conventional precursor solution dissolving MAI with high</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT.......146S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT.......146S"><span>Dynamic Optoelectronic Properties in <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Oxide Thin Films Measured with Ultrafast Transient Absorption & Reflectance Spectroscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Smolin, Sergey Y.</p> <p></p> <p>Ultrafast transient absorption and reflectance spectroscopy are foundational techniques for studying photoexcited carrier recombination mechanisms, lifetimes, and charge transfer rates. Because quantifying photoexcited carrier dynamics is central to the intelligent design and improvement of many solid state devices, these transient optical techniques have been applied to a wide range of semiconductors. However, despite their promise, interpretation of transient absorption and reflectance data is not always straightforward and often relies on assumptions of physical processes, especially with respect to the influence of heating. Studying the material space of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides, the careful collection, interpretation, and analysis of ultrafast data is presented here as a guide for future research into novel semiconductors. <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> oxides are a class of transition metal oxides with the chemical structure <span class="hlt">ABO</span><span class="hlt">3</span>. Although traditionally studied for their diverse physical, electronic, and magnetic properties, <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides have gained recent research attention as novel candidates for light harvesting applications. Indeed, strong tunable absorption, unique interfacial properties, and vast chemical flexibility make <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides a promising photoactive material system. However, there is limited research characterizing dynamic optoelectronic properties, such as recombination lifetimes, which are critical to know in the design of any light-harvesting device. In this thesis, ultrafast transient absorption and reflectance spectroscopy was used to understand these dynamic optoelectronic properties in highquality, thin (<50 nm) <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Starting with epitaxial LaFeO<span class="hlt">3</span> (LFO) grown on (LaAlO <span class="hlt">3)0.3</span>(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 (LSAT), transient absorption spectroscopy reveals two photoinduced absorption features at the band gap of LFO at 2.4 eV and at the higher energy absorption edge at <span class="hlt">3</span>.5 eV. Using a combination of temperature</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4458893','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4458893"><span>A lead-halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> molecular ferroelectric semiconductor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Liao, Wei-Qiang; Zhang, Yi; Hu, Chun-Li; Mao, Jiang-Gao; Ye, Heng-Yun; Li, Peng-Fei; Huang, Songping D.; Xiong, Ren-Gen</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Inorganic semiconductor ferroelectrics such as BiFeO<span class="hlt">3</span> have shown great potential in photovoltaic and other applications. Currently, semiconducting properties and the corresponding application in optoelectronic devices of hybrid organo-plumbate or stannate are a hot topic of academic research; more and more of such hybrids have been synthesized. Structurally, these hybrids are suitable for exploration of ferroelectricity. Therefore, the design of molecular ferroelectric semiconductors based on these hybrids provides a possibility to obtain new or high-performance semiconductor ferroelectrics. Here we investigated Pb-layered <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, and found the layer <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (benzylammonium)2PbCl4 is ferroelectric with semiconducting behaviours. It has a larger ferroelectric spontaneous polarization Ps=13 μC cm−2 and a higher Curie temperature Tc=438 K with a band gap of <span class="hlt">3</span>.65 eV. This finding throws light on the new properties of the hybrid organo-plumbate or stannate <span class="hlt">compounds</span> and provides a new way to develop new semiconductor ferroelectrics. PMID:26021758</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4981879','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4981879"><span>Structural manipulation and tailoring of dielectric properties in SrTi1−xFexTaxO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>: Design of new lead free relaxors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shukla, R.; Patwe, S. J.; Deshpande, S. K.; Achary, S. N.; Krishna, P. S. R.; Shinde, A. B.; Gopalakrishnan, J.; Tyagi, A. K.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We report composition dependent structure evolution from SrTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> to SrFe0.5Ta0.5O<span class="hlt">3</span> by powder X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of SrTi1−2xFexTaxO<span class="hlt">3</span> (0.00 ≤ × ≤ 0.50) compositions. Structural studies reveal cubic (Pm<span class="hlt">3</span>m) <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> structure of the parent SrTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> for x up to 0.075 and cation disordered orthorhombic (Pbnm) <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> structure for x ≥ 0.33. A biphasic region consisting of a mixture of cubic and orthorhombic structures is found in the range for 0.10 ≤ × ≤ 0.25. Dielectric studies reveal transformation from a normal dielectric to relaxor like properties with increasing Fe<span class="hlt">3</span>+ and Ta5+ concentration. Dielectric response is maximum at x = 0.33 in the series. The results establish a protocol for designing new lead-free relaxor materials based on the co-substitution of Fe<span class="hlt">3</span>+ and Ta5+ for Ti4+ in SrTiO<span class="hlt">3</span>. A complex interplay of strain effects arising from distribution of cations at the octahedral sites of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure controls the dielectric properties. PMID:27514668</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27228558','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27228558"><span>Hybrid <span class="hlt">Perovskite/Perovskite</span> Heterojunction Solar Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hu, Yinghong; Schlipf, Johannes; Wussler, Michael; Petrus, Michiel L; Jaegermann, Wolfram; Bein, Thomas; Müller-Buschbaum, Peter; Docampo, Pablo</p> <p>2016-06-28</p> <p>Recently developed organic-inorganic hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells combine low-cost fabrication and high power conversion efficiency. Advances in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film optimization have led to an outstanding power conversion efficiency of more than 20%. Looking forward, shifting the focus toward new device architectures holds great potential to induce the next leap in device performance. Here, we demonstrate a <span class="hlt">perovskite/perovskite</span> heterojunction solar cell. We developed a facile solution-based cation infiltration process to deposit layered <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (LPK) structures onto methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) films. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments were performed to gain insights into the crystallite orientation and the formation process of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> bilayer. Our results show that the self-assembly of the LPK layer on top of an intact MAPI layer is accompanied by a reorganization of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> interface. This leads to an enhancement of the open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency due to reduced recombination losses, as well as improved moisture stability in the resulting photovoltaic devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...814163L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...814163L"><span>Insight into the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/C interface in hole-conductor-free mesoscopic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Jiangwei; Niu, Guangda; Li, Wenzhe; Cao, Kun; Wang, Mingkui; Wang, Liduo</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs) with hole-conductor-free mesoscopic architecture have shown superb stability and great potential in practical application. The printable carbon counter electrodes take full responsibility of extracting holes from the active CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> absorbers. However, an in depth study of the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/C interface properties, such as the structural formation process and the effect of interfacial conditions on hole extraction, is still lacking. Herein, we present, for the first time, an insight into the spatial confinement induced CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/C interface formation by in situ photoluminescence observations during the crystallization process of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>. The derived reaction kinetics allows a quantitative description of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> formation process. In addition, we found that the interfacial contact between carbon and <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> was dominant for hole extraction efficiency and associated with the photovoltaic parameter of short circuit current density (JSC). Consequently, we conducted a solvent vapor assisted process of PbI2 diffusion to carefully control the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/C interface with less unreacted PbI2 barrier. The improvement of interface conditions thereby contributes to a high hole extraction proved by the charge extraction resistance and PL lifetime change, resulting in the increased JSC valve.<span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs) with hole-conductor-free mesoscopic architecture have shown superb stability and great potential in practical application. The printable carbon counter electrodes take full responsibility of extracting holes from the active CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> absorbers. However, an in depth study of the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/C interface properties, such as the structural formation process and the effect of interfacial conditions on hole extraction, is still lacking. Herein, we present, for the first time, an insight into the spatial confinement induced CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/C interface formation by in situ photoluminescence observations during the crystallization</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26418187','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26418187"><span>Bismuth Based Hybrid <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> A<span class="hlt">3</span>Bi2 I9 (A: Methylammonium or Cesium) for Solar Cell Application.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Park, Byung-Wook; Philippe, Bertrand; Zhang, Xiaoliang; Rensmo, Håkan; Boschloo, Gerrit; Johansson, Erik M J</p> <p>2015-11-18</p> <p>Low-toxic bismuth-based <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are prepared for the possible replacement of lead <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> in solar cells. The <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have a hexagonal crystalline phase and light absorption in the visible region. A power conversion efficiency of over 1% is obtained for a solar cell with Cs<span class="hlt">3</span> Bi2 I9 <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>, and it is concluded that bismuth <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have very promising properties for further development in solar cells. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22288667-synthesis-characterization-double-perovskite-ca-sub-msbo-sub-dy-fe-cr-al-materials-via-solgel-auto-combustion-catalytic-properties','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22288667-synthesis-characterization-double-perovskite-ca-sub-msbo-sub-dy-fe-cr-al-materials-via-solgel-auto-combustion-catalytic-properties"><span>Synthesis, characterization of double <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> Ca{sub 2}MSbO{sub 6} (M = Dy, Fe, Cr, Al) materials via sol–gel auto-combustion and their catalytic properties</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Feraru, S.; Samoila, P.; Borhan, A.I.</p> <p>2013-10-15</p> <p>Double <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> oxide Ca{sub 2}MSbO{sub 6} materials, where M = Dy, Fe, Cr, and Al, were prepared by using the sol–gel auto-combustion method. The role of different B-site cations on their synthesis, structures, morphologies and catalytic properties was investigated. The progress of double-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">type</span> structure formation and the disappearance of the organic phases were monitored by infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR). Double <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide structures were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the microstructure of obtained <span class="hlt">compounds</span> was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, BET surface areas were measured at the liquid nitrogen temperature by nitrogen adsorption. Catalytic properties ofmore » the obtained <span class="hlt">compounds</span> were evaluated by test reaction of hydrogen peroxide decomposition. - Highlights: • Ca{sub 2}MSbO{sub 6} double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> were obtained by sol–gel auto-combustion method. • Ca{sub 2}MSbO{sub 6} (M = Dy, Fe, Cr and Al) as catalysts in H{sub 2}O{sub 2} decomposition • Strong relationship between particles' shape, BET area and catalytic performance • Ca{sub 2}FeSbO{sub 6} spherical grains show superior catalytic activity.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28975569','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28975569"><span>Effect of Oblique-Angle Sputtered ITO Electrode in MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cell Structures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Kun-Yi; Chen, Lung-Chien; Wu, Yu-June</p> <p>2017-10-03</p> <p>This investigation reports on the characteristics of MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films on obliquely sputtered ITO/glass substrates that are fabricated with various sputtering times and sputtering angles. The grain size of a MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film increases with the oblique sputtering angle of ITO thin films from 0° to 80°, indicating that the surface properties of the ITO affect the wettability of the PEDOT:PSS thin film and thereby dominates the number of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nucleation sites. The optimal power conversion efficiency (Eff) is achieved 11.<span class="hlt">3</span>% in a cell with an oblique ITO layer that was prepared using a sputtering angle of 30° for a sputtering time of 15 min.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvB..96a4427K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvB..96a4427K"><span>Nd-ordering-driven Mn spin reorientation and magnetization reversal in the magnetostructurally coupled <span class="hlt">compound</span> NdMn O<span class="hlt">3</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kumar, A.; Yusuf, S. M.; Ritter, C.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>A detailed neutron diffraction study on NdMn O<span class="hlt">3</span> infers that the low temperature transition at 15 K is due to the ordering of Nd sublattice moment with a (0 ,-Fy,0 ) <span class="hlt">type</span> spin arrangement. Interestingly, the ordering of the Nd sublattice drives a reorientation (by 180∘) of the net ferromagnetic moment of the Mn sublattice along the b axis. Such a Mn spin reorientation from (Ax,Fy,0 ) (with an antiferromagnetic ordering temperature of 73 K) to (Ax,-Fy,0 ) at 15 K, explains the magnetization reversal phenomenon present in this <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> <span class="hlt">compound</span> at 15 K. Moreover at 15 K, significant crystallographic structural distortions in terms of temperature variations of lattice parameters and bond angles are found. A sign change in the temperature variation of magnetic entropy is also found at 15 K. The present study signifies the role of rare-earth (Nd) moment ordering in tuning various physical properties, such as magnetocaloric and magnetoelastic of the larger size (>0.912 Å ) R ion based R Mn O<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JaJAP..57e2301W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JaJAP..57e2301W"><span>Planar structured <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells by hybrid physical chemical vapor deposition with optimized <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film thickness</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wei, Xiangyang; Peng, Yanke; Jing, Gaoshan; Cui, Tianhong</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The thickness of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> absorber layer is a critical parameter to determine a planar structured <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell’s performance. By modifying the spin coating speed and PbI2/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution concentration, the thickness of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> absorber layer was optimized to obtain high-performance solar cells. Using a PbI2/DMF solution of 1.<span class="hlt">3</span> mol/L, maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell is 15.5% with a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film of 413 nm at 5000 rpm, and PCE of 14.<span class="hlt">3</span>% was also obtained for a solar cell with a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film of 182 nm thick. It is derived that higher concentration of PbI2/DMF will result in better <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. Additionally, these <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells are highly uniform. In 14 sets of solar cells, standard deviations of 11 sets of solar cells were less than 0.50% and the smallest standard deviation was 0.25%, which demonstrates the reliability and effectiveness of hybrid physical chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574638','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574638"><span><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span>-related LaTiO<span class="hlt">3</span>.41.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Daniels, Peter; Lichtenberg, Frank; van Smaalen, Sander</p> <p>2003-02-01</p> <p>Crystals of pentalanthanum pentatitanium heptadecaoxide (La(5)Ti(5)O(17) with 0.<span class="hlt">3</span>% oxygen excess, or LaTiO(<span class="hlt">3</span>.41)) have been synthesized by floating-zone melting, and the structure has been solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction intensities. The monoclinic (P2(1)/c) structure consists of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-like slabs of vertex-sharing TiO(6) octahedra, which are separated by additional oxygen layers. The slabs are five octahedra wide. Due to the adjustment of the TiO(6) octahedra to meet the coordination requirements of the La(<span class="hlt">3</span>+) cations, a superstructure develops along the a axis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhDT........80B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhDT........80B"><span>Tilts, dopants, vacancies and non-stoichiometry: Understanding and designing the properties of complex solid oxide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> from first principles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bennett, Joseph W.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> oxides of formula <span class="hlt">ABO</span><span class="hlt">3</span> have a wide range of structural, electrical and mechanical properties, making them vital materials for many applications, such as catalysis, ultrasound machines and communication devices. <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> solid solutions with high piezoelectric response, such as ferroelectrics, are of particular interest as they can be employed as sensors in SONAR devices. Ferroelectric materials are unique in that their chemical and electrical properties can be non-invasively and reversibly changed, by switching the bulk polarization. This makes ferroelectrics useful for applications in non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) devices. <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> solid solutions with a lower piezoelectric response than ferroelectrics are important for communication technology, as they function well as electroceramic capacitors. Also of interest is how these materials act as a component in a solid oxide fuel cell, as they can function as an efficient source of energy. Altering the chemical composition of these solid oxide materials offers an opportunity to change the desired properties of the final ceramic, adding a degree of flexibility that is advantageous for a variety of applications. These solid oxides are complex, sometimes disordered systems that are a challenge to study experimentally. However, as it is their complexity which produces favorable properties, highly accurate modeling which captures the essential features of the disordered structure is necessary to explain the behavior of current materials and predict favorable compositions for new materials. Methodological improvements and faster computer speeds have made first-principles and atomistic calculations a viable tool for understanding these complex systems. Offering a combination of accuracy and computational speed, the density functional theory (DFT) approach can reveal details about the microscopic structure and interactions of complex systems. Using DFT and a combination of principles from both</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPCS..116...43Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPCS..116...43Z"><span>Hierarchically porous LaFeO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> prepared from the pomelo peel bio-template for catalytic oxidation of NO</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhao, Shaojun; Wang, Li; Wang, Ying; Li, Xing</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>In this paper, pomelo peel was used as biological template to obtain hierarchically porous LaFeO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> for the catalytic oxidation of NO to NO2. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), NO temperature-programmed desorption (NO-TPD), oxygen temperature-programmed desorption (O2-TPD) and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) were used to investigate the micro-structure and the redox properties of the hierarchically porous LaFeO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> prepared from pomelo peel biological template and the LaFeO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> without the biological template. The results indicated that the hierarchically porous LaFeO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> successfully replicated the porous structure of pomelo peel with high specific surface area. Compared to the LaFeO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> prepared without the pomelo peel template, the hierarchically porous LaFeO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> showed better catalytic oxidization of NO to NO2 under the same conditions. The maximum NO conversions for LaFeO<span class="hlt">3</span> prepared with and without template were 90% at 305 °C and 76% at 313 °C, respectively. This is mainly attributed to the higher ratio of Fe4+/Fe<span class="hlt">3</span>+, the hierarchically porous structure with more adsorbed oxygen species and higher surface area for the hierarchically porous LaFeO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> compared with the sample prepared without the pomelo peel template.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27385565','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27385565"><span>Insight into the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/C interface in hole-conductor-free mesoscopic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Jiangwei; Niu, Guangda; Li, Wenzhe; Cao, Kun; Wang, Mingkui; Wang, Liduo</p> <p>2016-08-07</p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs) with hole-conductor-free mesoscopic architecture have shown superb stability and great potential in practical application. The printable carbon counter electrodes take full responsibility of extracting holes from the active CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> absorbers. However, an in depth study of the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/C interface properties, such as the structural formation process and the effect of interfacial conditions on hole extraction, is still lacking. Herein, we present, for the first time, an insight into the spatial confinement induced CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/C interface formation by in situ photoluminescence observations during the crystallization process of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>. The derived reaction kinetics allows a quantitative description of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> formation process. In addition, we found that the interfacial contact between carbon and <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> was dominant for hole extraction efficiency and associated with the photovoltaic parameter of short circuit current density (JSC). Consequently, we conducted a solvent vapor assisted process of PbI2 diffusion to carefully control the CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span>/C interface with less unreacted PbI2 barrier. The improvement of interface conditions thereby contributes to a high hole extraction proved by the charge extraction resistance and PL lifetime change, resulting in the increased JSC valve.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28056176','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28056176"><span>Electrochemical Doping of Halide <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> with Ion Intercalation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jiang, Qinglong; Chen, Mingming; Li, Junqiang; Wang, Mingchao; Zeng, Xiaoqiao; Besara, Tiglet; Lu, Jun; Xin, Yan; Shan, Xin; Pan, Bicai; Wang, Changchun; Lin, Shangchao; Siegrist, Theo; Xiao, Qiangfeng; Yu, Zhibin</p> <p>2017-01-24</p> <p>Halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> have recently been investigated for various solution-processed optoelectronic devices. The majority of studies have focused on using intrinsic halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, and the intentional incoporation of dopants has not been well explored. In this work, we discovered that small alkali ions, including lithium and sodium ions, could be electrochemically intercalated into a variety of halide and pseudohalide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. The ion intercalation caused a lattice expansion of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystals and resulted in an n-<span class="hlt">type</span> doping of the <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. Such electrochemical doping improved the conductivity and changed the color of the <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, leading to an electrochromism with more than 40% reduction of transmittance in the 450-850 nm wavelength range. The doped <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> exhibited improved electron injection efficiency into the pristine <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> crystals, resulting in bright light-emitting diodes with a low turn-on voltage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28430435','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28430435"><span>Cu-In Halide <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Absorbers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhao, Xin-Gang; Yang, Dongwen; Sun, Yuanhui; Li, Tianshu; Zhang, Lijun; Yu, Liping; Zunger, Alex</p> <p>2017-05-17</p> <p>The long-term chemical instability and the presence of toxic Pb in otherwise stellar solar absorber APbX <span class="hlt">3</span> made of organic molecules on the A site and halogens for X have hindered their large-scale commercialization. Previously explored ways to achieve Pb-free halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> involved replacing Pb 2+ with other similar M 2+ cations in ns 2 electron configuration, e.g., Sn 2+ or by Bi <span class="hlt">3</span>+ (plus Ag + ), but unfortunately this showed either poor stability (M = Sn) or weakly absorbing oversized indirect gaps (M = Bi), prompting concerns that perhaps stability and good optoelectronic properties might be contraindicated. Herein, we exploit the electronic structure underpinning of classic Cu[In,Ga]Se 2 (CIGS) chalcopyrite solar absorbers to design Pb-free halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> by transmuting 2Pb to the pair [B IB + C III ] such as [Cu + Ga] or [Ag + In] and combinations thereof. The resulting group of double <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> with formula A 2 BCX 6 (A = K, Rb, Cs; B = Cu, Ag; C = Ga, In; X = Cl, Br, I) benefits from the ionic, yet narrow-gap character of halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, and at the same time borrows the advantage of the strong Cu(d)/Se(p) → Ga/In(s/p) valence-to-conduction-band absorption spectra known from CIGS. This constitutes a new group of CuIn-based Halide <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> (CIHP). Our first-principles calculations guided by such design principles indicate that the CIHPs class has members with clear thermodynamic stability, showing direct band gaps, and manifesting a wide-range of tunable gap values (from zero to about 2.5 eV) and combination of light electron and heavy-light hole effective masses. Materials screening of candidate CIHPs then identifies the best-of-class Rb 2 [CuIn]Cl 6 , Rb 2 [AgIn]Br 6 , and Cs 2 [AgIn]Br 6 , having direct band gaps of 1.36, 1.46, and 1.50 eV, and theoretical spectroscopic limited maximal efficiency comparable to chalcopyrites and CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> . Our finding offers a new routine for designing new-<span class="hlt">type</span> Pb-free halide <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16372006','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16372006"><span>Anisotropy of Earth's D'' layer and stacking faults in the MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Oganov, Artem R; Martonák, Roman; Laio, Alessandro; Raiteri, Paolo; Parrinello, Michele</p> <p>2005-12-22</p> <p>The post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase of (Mg,Fe)SiO<span class="hlt">3</span> is believed to be the main mineral phase of the Earth's lowermost mantle (the D'' layer). Its properties explain numerous geophysical observations associated with this layer-for example, the D'' discontinuity, its topography and seismic anisotropy within the layer. Here we use a novel simulation technique, first-principles metadynamics, to identify a family of low-energy polytypic stacking-fault structures intermediate between the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phases. Metadynamics trajectories identify plane sliding involving the formation of stacking faults as the most favourable pathway for the phase transition, and as a likely mechanism for plastic deformation of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. In particular, the predicted slip planes are {010} for <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (consistent with experiment) and {110} for post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (in contrast to the previously expected {010} slip planes). Dominant slip planes define the lattice preferred orientation and elastic anisotropy of the texture. The {110} slip planes in post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> require a much smaller degree of lattice preferred orientation to explain geophysical observations of shear-wave anisotropy in the D'' layer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27473744','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27473744"><span>Successful <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-Incompatible Renal Transplantation:  Blood Group A1B Donor Into A2B Recipient With Anti-A1 Isoagglutinins.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fadeyi, Emmanuel A; Stratta, Robert J; Farney, Alan C; Pomper, Gregory J</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>Transplantation of the blood group A2B in a recipient was successfully performed in the setting of receiving a deceased donor kidney from an "incompatible" A1B donor. The donor and recipient were both <span class="hlt">typed</span> for <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group, including <span class="hlt">ABO</span> genotyping. The donor and recipient were tested for <span class="hlt">ABO</span>, non-<span class="hlt">ABO</span>, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. The donor and recipient were <span class="hlt">typed</span> for HLA antigens, including T- and B-flow cytometry crossmatch tests. The recipient's RBCs were negative with A1 lectin, and immunoglobulin G anti-A1 was demonstrated in the recipient's plasma. The donor-recipient pair was a four-antigen HLA mismatch, but final T- and B-flow cytometry crossmatch tests were compatible. The transplant procedure was uneventful; the patient experienced immediate graft function with no episodes of rejection or readmissions more than 2 years later. It may be safe to transplant across the A1/A2 blood group AB mismatch barrier in the setting of low titer anti-A1 isoagglutinins without the need for pretransplant desensitization even if the antibody produced reacts with anti-human globulin. © American Society for Clinical Pathology, 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1387511-overcoming-short-circuit-lead-free-ch-nh-sni-perovskite-solar-cells-via-kinetically-controlled-gassolid-reaction-film-fabrication-process','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1387511-overcoming-short-circuit-lead-free-ch-nh-sni-perovskite-solar-cells-via-kinetically-controlled-gassolid-reaction-film-fabrication-process"><span>Overcoming Short-Circuit in Lead-Free CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> SnI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells via Kinetically Controlled Gas–Solid Reaction Film Fabrication Process</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Yokoyama, Takamichi; Cao, Duyen H.; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.</p> <p>2016-02-17</p> <p>The development of Sn-based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells has been challenging because devices often show short-circuit behavior due to poor morphologies and undesired electrical properties of the thin films. A low-temperature vapor-assisted solution process (LT-VASP) has been employed as a novel kinetically controlled gas–solid reaction film fabrication method to prepare lead-free CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> thin films. We show that the solid SnI2 substrate temperature is the key parameter in achieving <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films with high surface coverage and excellent uniformity. The resulting high-quality CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> films allow the successful fabrication of solar cells with drastically improved reproducibility, reaching an efficiency of 1.86%. Furthermore, our Kelvinmore » probe studies show the VASP films have a doping level lower than that of films prepared from the conventional one-step method, effectively lowering the film conductivity. Above all, with (LT)-VASP, the short-circuit behavior often obtained from the conventional one-step-fabricated Sn-based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> devices has been overcome. This study facilitates the path to more successful Sn-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> photovoltaic research.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26877089','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26877089"><span>Overcoming Short-Circuit in Lead-Free CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells via Kinetically Controlled Gas-Solid Reaction Film Fabrication Process.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yokoyama, Takamichi; Cao, Duyen H; Stoumpos, Constantinos C; Song, Tze-Bin; Sato, Yoshiharu; Aramaki, Shinji; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G</p> <p>2016-03-03</p> <p>The development of Sn-based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells has been challenging because devices often show short-circuit behavior due to poor morphologies and undesired electrical properties of the thin films. A low-temperature vapor-assisted solution process (LT-VASP) has been employed as a novel kinetically controlled gas-solid reaction film fabrication method to prepare lead-free CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> thin films. We show that the solid SnI2 substrate temperature is the key parameter in achieving <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films with high surface coverage and excellent uniformity. The resulting high-quality CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>SnI<span class="hlt">3</span> films allow the successful fabrication of solar cells with drastically improved reproducibility, reaching an efficiency of 1.86%. Furthermore, our Kelvin probe studies show the VASP films have a doping level lower than that of films prepared from the conventional one-step method, effectively lowering the film conductivity. Above all, with (LT)-VASP, the short-circuit behavior often obtained from the conventional one-step-fabricated Sn-based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> devices has been overcome. This study facilitates the path to more successful Sn-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> photovoltaic research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1247935-enhanced-bifunctional-oxygen-catalysis-strained-lanio3-perovskites','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1247935-enhanced-bifunctional-oxygen-catalysis-strained-lanio3-perovskites"><span>Enhanced Bifunctional Oxygen Catalysis in Strained LaNiO <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Petrie, Jonathan R.; Cooper, Valentino R.; Freeland, John W.; ...</p> <p>2016-02-11</p> <p>Strain is known to greatly influence low-temperature oxygen electrocatalysis on noble metal films, leading to significant enhancements in bifunctional activity essential for fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Still, its catalytic impact on transition-metal oxide thin films, such as <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>, is not widely understood. Here, we epitaxially strain the conducting <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> LaNiO <span class="hlt">3</span> to systematically determine its influence on both the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction. Uniquely, we found that compressive strain could significantly enhance both reactions, yielding a bifunctional catalyst that surpasses the performance of noble metals such as Pt. We attribute the improved bifunctionality to strain-induced splitting ofmore » the e g orbitals, which can customize orbital asymmetry at the surface. Lastly, analogous to strain-induced shifts in the d-band center of noble metals relative to the Fermi level, such splitting can dramatically affect catalytic activity in this <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and other potentially more active oxides.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29271198','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29271198"><span>Phase Engineering of <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Materials for High-Efficiency Solar Cells: Rapid Conversion of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbI<span class="hlt">3</span> to Phase-Pure CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbCl<span class="hlt">3</span> via Hydrochloric Acid Vapor Annealing Post-Treatment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhou, Weiran; Zhou, Pengcheng; Lei, Xunyong; Fang, Zhimin; Zhang, Mengmeng; Liu, Qing; Chen, Tao; Zeng, Hualing; Ding, Liming; Zhu, Jun; Dai, Songyuan; Yang, Shangfeng</p> <p>2018-01-17</p> <p>Organometal halide CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> (MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> ) has been commonly used as the light absorber layer of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs), and, especially, another halide element chlorine (Cl) has been often incorporated to assist the crystallization of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film. However, in most cases, a predominant MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> phase with trace of Cl - is obtained ultimately and the role of Cl involvement remains unclear. Herein, we develop a low-cost and facile method, named hydrochloric acid vapor annealing (HAVA) post-treatment, and realize a rapid conversion of MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> to phase-pure MAPbCl <span class="hlt">3</span> , demonstrating a new concept of phase engineering of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials toward efficiency enhancement of PSCs for the first time. The average grain size of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film after HAVA post-treatment increases remarkably through an Ostwald ripening process, leading to a denser and smoother <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film with reduced trap states and enhanced crystallinity. More importantly, the generation of MAPbCl <span class="hlt">3</span> secondary phase via phase engineering is beneficial for improving the carrier mobility with a more balanced carrier transport rate and enlarging the band gap of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film along with optimized energy level alignment. As a result, under the optimized HAVA post-treatment time (2 min), we achieved a significant enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> -based planar heterojunction-PSC device from 14.02 to 17.40% (the highest PCE reaches 18.45%) with greatly suppressed hysteresis of the current-voltage response.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28921874','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28921874"><span>Polaronic Charge Carrier-Lattice Interactions in Lead Halide <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wolf, Christoph; Cho, Himchan; Kim, Young-Hoon; Lee, Tae-Woo</p> <p>2017-10-09</p> <p>Almost ten years after the renaissance of the popular <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> semiconductors based on lead salts with the general formula AMX <span class="hlt">3</span> (A=organic or inorganic cation; M=divalent metal; X=halide), many facets of photophysics continue to puzzle researchers. In this Minireview, light is shed on the low mobilities of charge carriers in lead halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> with special focus on the lattice properties at non-zero temperature. The polar and soft lattice leads to pronounced electron-phonon coupling, limiting carrier mobility and retarding recombination. We propose that the proper picture of excited charge carriers at temperature ranges that are relevant for device operations is that of a polaron, with Fröhlich coupling constants between 1<α<<span class="hlt">3</span>. Under the aspect of light-emitting diode application, APbX <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> show moderate second order (bimolecular) recombination rates and high third-order (Auger) rate constants. It has become apparent that this is a direct consequence of the anisotropic polar A-site cation in organic-inorganic hybrid <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> and might be alleviated by replacing the organic moiety with an isotropic cation. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22577805-crystal-growth-incommensurate-members-hexagonal-perovskite-related-oxides-ba-sub-sub-pt-sub-sub-co-ni-cu-zn-mg-pt','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22577805-crystal-growth-incommensurate-members-hexagonal-perovskite-related-oxides-ba-sub-sub-pt-sub-sub-co-ni-cu-zn-mg-pt"><span>Crystal growth of incommensurate members of 2H-hexagonal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> related oxides: Ba{sub 4}M{sub z}Pt{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>−z}O{sub 9} (M=Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Pt)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ferreira, Timothy; Morrison, Gregory; Yeon, Jeongho</p> <p>2016-04-15</p> <p>Millimeter sized crystals of six oxides of approximate composition Ba{sub 4}M{sub z}Pt{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>-z}O{sub 9} (M=Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Pt) were grown from molten K{sub 2}CO{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>} fluxes and found to crystallize in a 2H hexagonal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-related structure <span class="hlt">type</span>. The compositions of these incommensurate structures, which belong to the A{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>n+<span class="hlt">3</span>m}A′{sub n}B{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>m+n}O{sub 9m+6n} family of 2H hexagonal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> related oxides, were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The specific synthetic considerations, crystal growth conditions, and magnetic susceptibility measurements are discussed. - Graphical abstract: SEM image and average commensurate unit cell of Ba{sub 4}Pt{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}O{submore » 9.} - Highlights: • Single crystals of the series Ba{sub 4}A′{sub z}Pt{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>-z}O{sub 9} were grown via a molten carbonate flux. • Ba{sub 4}Pt{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}O{sub 9} and all substitutional variants are incommensurate, composite structures. • All <span class="hlt">compounds</span> have an approximate stoichiometry of Ba{sub 4}A′Pt{sub 2}O{sub 9.}.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.U43A..07M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.U43A..07M"><span>Interfacing with in-Situ Data Networks during the Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (<span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McInerney, M.; Griffith, P. C.; Duffy, D.; Hoy, E.; Schnase, J. L.; Sinno, S.; Thompson, J. H.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (<span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE) is designed to improve understanding of the causes and impacts of ecological changes in Arctic/boreal regions, and will integrate field-based studies, modeling, and data from airborne and satellite remote sensing. <span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE will result in a fuller understanding of ecosystem vulnerability and resilience to environmental change in the Arctic and boreal regions of western North America, and provide scientific information required to develop options for societal responses to the impacts of these changes. The studies sponsored by NASA during <span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE will be coordinated with research and in-situ monitoring activities being sponsored by a number of national and international partners. The NASA Center for Climate Simulation at the Goddard Space Flight Center has partnered with the NASA Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems Office to create a science cloud designed for this field campaign - the <span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE Science Cloud (ASC). The ASC combines high performance computing with emerging technologies to create an environment specifically designed for large-scale modeling, analysis of remote sensing data, copious disk storage with integrated data management, and integration of core variables from in-situ networks identified by the <span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE Science Definition Team. In this talk, we will present the scientific requirements driving the development of the <span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE Science Cloud, discuss the necessary interfaces, both computational and human, with in-situ monitoring networks, and show examples of how the ASC is being used to meet the needs of the <span class="hlt">ABo</span>VE campaign.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2980531','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2980531"><span>Application of a Multivariant, Caucasian-Specific, Genotyped Donor Panel for Performance Validation of MDmulticard®, ID-System®, and Scangel® RhD/<span class="hlt">ABO</span> Serotyping</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gassner, Christoph; Rainer, Esther; Pircher, Elfriede; Markut, Lydia; Körmöczi, Günther F.; Jungbauer, Christof; Wessin, Dietmar; Klinghofer, Roswitha; Schennach, Harald; Schwind, Peter; Schönitzer, Diether</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Summary Background Validations of routinely used serological <span class="hlt">typing</span> methods require intense performance evaluations typically including large numbers of samples before routine application. However, such evaluations could be improved considering information about the frequency of standard blood groups and their variants. Methods Using RHD and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> population genetic data, a Caucasian-specific donor panel was compiled for a performance comparison of the three RhD and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> serological <span class="hlt">typing</span> methods MDmulticard (Medion Diagnostics), ID-System (DiaMed) and ScanGel (Bio-Rad). The final test panel included standard and variant RHD and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> genotypes, e.g. RhD categories, partial and weak RhDs, RhD DELs, and <span class="hlt">ABO</span> samples, mainly to interpret weak serological reactivity for blood group A specificity. All samples were from individuals recorded in our local DNA blood group <span class="hlt">typing</span> database. Results For ‘standard’ blood groups, results of performance were clearly interpretable for all three serological methods compared. However, when focusing on specific variant phenotypes, pronounced differences in reaction strengths and specificities were observed between them. Conclusions A genetically and ethnically predefined donor test panel consisting of 93 individual samples only, delivered highly significant results for serological performance comparisons. Such small panels offer impressive representative powers, higher as such based on statistical chances and large numbers only. PMID:21113264</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1393536-disproportionation-mg-fe-sio3-perovskite-earth-deep-lower-mantle','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1393536-disproportionation-mg-fe-sio3-perovskite-earth-deep-lower-mantle"><span>Disproportionation of (Mg,Fe)SiO <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> in Earth's deep lower mantle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zhang, L.; Meng, Y.; Yang, W.</p> <p>2014-05-22</p> <p>The mineralogical constitution of the Earth's mantle dictates the geophysical and geochemical properties of this region. Previous models of a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-dominant lower mantle have been built on the assumption that the entire lower mantle down to the top of the D" layer contains ferromagnesian silicate [(Mg,Fe)SiO <span class="hlt">3</span>] with nominally 10 mole percent Fe. On the basis of experiments in laser-heated diamond anvil cells, at pressures of 95 to 101 gigapascals and temperatures of 2200 to 2400 kelvin, we found that such <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is unstable; it loses its Fe and disproportionates to a nearly Fe-free MgSiO <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase and anmore » Fe-rich phase with a hexagonal structure. This observation has implications for enigmatic seismic features beyond ~2000 kilometers depth and suggests that the lower mantle may contain previously unidentified major phases.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1385861-disproportionation-mg-fe-sio3-perovskite-earth-deep-lower-mantle','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1385861-disproportionation-mg-fe-sio3-perovskite-earth-deep-lower-mantle"><span>Disproportionation of (Mg,Fe)SiO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> in Earth's deep lower mantle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zhang, L.; Meng, Y.; Yang, W.</p> <p>2014-05-22</p> <p>The mineralogical constitution of the Earth’s mantle dictates the geophysical and geochemical properties of this region. Previous models of a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-dominant lower mantle have been built on the assumption that the entire lower mantle down to the top of the D'' layer contains ferromagnesian silicate [(Mg,Fe)SiO<span class="hlt">3</span>] with nominally 10 mole percent Fe. On the basis of experiments in laser-heated diamond anvil cells, at pressures of 95 to 101 gigapascals and temperatures of 2200 to 2400 kelvin, we found that such <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is unstable; it loses its Fe and disproportionates to a nearly Fe-free MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase and an Fe-rich phasemore » with a hexagonal structure. This observation has implications for enigmatic seismic features beyond ~2000 kilometers depth and suggests that the lower mantle may contain previously unidentified major phases.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5036473','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5036473"><span>Electronic conduction in La-based <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> oxides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ohbayashi, Kazushige; Koumoto, Kunihito</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>A systematic study of La-based <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> oxides from the viewpoint of their electronic conduction properties was performed. LaCo0.5Ni0.5O<span class="hlt">3</span>±δ was found to be a promising candidate as a replacement for standard metals used in oxide electrodes and wiring that are operated at temperatures up to 1173 K in air because of its high electrical conductivity and stability at high temperatures. LaCo0.5Ni0.5O<span class="hlt">3</span>±δ exhibits a high conductivity of 1.9 × 103 S cm−1 at room temperature (R.T.) because of a high carrier concentration n of 2.2 × 1022 cm−<span class="hlt">3</span> and a small effective mass m∗ of 0.10 me. Notably, LaCo0.5Ni0.5O<span class="hlt">3</span>±δ exhibits this high electrical conductivity from R.T. to 1173 K, and little change in the oxygen content occurs under these conditions. LaCo0.5Ni0.5O<span class="hlt">3</span>±δ is the most suitable for the fabrication of oxide electrodes and wiring, though La1−xSrxCoO<span class="hlt">3</span>±δ and La1−xSrxMnO<span class="hlt">3</span>±δ also exhibit high electronic conductivity at R.T., with maximum electrical conductivities of 4.4 × 103 S cm−1 for La0.5Sr0.5CoO<span class="hlt">3</span>±δ and 1.5 × 103 S cm−1 for La0.6Sr0.4MnO<span class="hlt">3</span>±δ because oxygen release occurs in La1−xSrxCoO<span class="hlt">3</span>±δ as elevating temperature and the electrical conductivity of La0.6Sr0.4MnO<span class="hlt">3</span>±δ slightly decreases at temperatures above 400 K. PMID:27877778</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApSS..436..927H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApSS..436..927H"><span>Photovoltaic performance of textured silicon solar cells with MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanophosphors to induce luminescent down-shifting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ho, Wen-Jeng; Li, Guan-Yi; Liu, Jheng-Jie; Lin, Zong-Xian; You, Bang-Jin; Ho, Chun-Hung</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>This study employed a two-step multi-cycle spin-coating method for the application of MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanophosphors on textured silicon solar cells with the aim of enhancing photovoltaic performance through luminescent down-shifting (LDS). The surface morphology and dimensions of the MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanophosphors were examined using scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with ImageJ software. The LDS effects of the nanophosphors were revealed by measuring photo-luminance, optical reflectance, and external quantum efficiency. The photovoltaic performance of cells with and without MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanophosphors was evaluated according to photovoltaic current density-voltage (J-V) under AM 1.5 G solar illumination. Compared to uncoated cells, two-layer and one-layer coatings of MAPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> nanophosphors were shown to enhance conversion efficiency by 4.56% and <span class="hlt">3</span>.38%, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=perovskites&id=EJ369477','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=perovskites&id=EJ369477"><span>The Coulombic Lattice Potential of Ionic <span class="hlt">Compounds</span>: The Cubic <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Francisco, E.; And Others</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>Presents coulombic models representing the particles of a system by point charges interacting through Coulomb's law to explain coulombic lattice potential. Uses rubidium manganese trifluoride as an example of cubic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure. Discusses the effects on cluster properties. (CW)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25604086','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25604086"><span>The role of carboxyhemoglobin measured with CO-oximetry in the detection of hemolysis in newborns with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alloimmunization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lozar-Krivec, Jana; Bratanic, Borut; Paro-Panjan, Darja</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>To evaluate carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) values measured with a CO-oximeter (Roche-cobas b 221) in jaundiced newborns with or without hemolysis and healthy controls in order to assess whether COHb measurement determined with a CO-oximeter could be used as an indicator of hemolysis in newborns with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alloimmunization. A total of 86 term newborn infants were prospectively studied. The study cohort consisted of three subgroups: 18 infants with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> HDN, 21 infants with hyperbilirubinemia without hemolytic disease who required phototherapy, and 47 healthy controls. The COHb, bilirubin, and Hb levels were measured. The three subgroups did not differ significantly with respect to birth weight, gestational age, gender, Apgar score, or mode of delivery. The <span class="hlt">ABO</span> HDN infants had significantly higher COHb values than the healthy controls (median 2.4% versus 1.<span class="hlt">3</span>%, p < 0.0005) and the group with hyperbilirubinemia without hemolytic disease (median 2.4% versus 1.<span class="hlt">3</span>%, p < 0.0005), although the infants with hyperbilirubinemia without hemolytic disease did not have significantly higher COHb values compared with the healthy controls. The cut-off value of 1.7% COHb had 72% sensitivity and 97% specificity for confirming hemolysis in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alloimmunization. Our data show that COHb values determined with CO-oximeters are higher in newborns with hemolysis than in those without hemolysis. COHb measured with CO-oximeters could be used to confirm hemolysis in infants with <span class="hlt">ABO</span> alloimmunization.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1372253-high-pressure-study-perovskites-postperovskites-mg-fe-geo-system','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1372253-high-pressure-study-perovskites-postperovskites-mg-fe-geo-system"><span>High-Pressure Study of <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> and Postperovskites in the (Mg,Fe)GeO <span class="hlt">3</span> System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Stan, Camelia V.; Dutta, Rajkrishna; Cava, Robert J.</p> <p>2017-06-22</p> <p>The effect of incorporation of Fe 2+ on the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (Pbnm) and postperovskite (Cmcm) structures was investigated in the (Mg,Fe)GeO <span class="hlt">3</span> system at high pressures and temperatures using laser-heated diamond anvil cell and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Samples with compositions of Mg# ≥ 48 were shown to transform to the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> (~30 GPa and ~1500 K) and postperovskite (>55 GPa, ~1600–1800 K) structures. Compositions with Mg# ≥ 78 formed single-phase <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and postperovskite, whereas those with Mg# < 78 showed evidence for partial decomposition. The incorporation of Fe into the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure causes a decrease in octahedral distortion as well asmore » a modest decrease in bulk modulus (K 0) and a modest increase in zero-pressure volume (V 0). It also leads to a decrease in the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-to-postperovskite phase transition pressure by ~9.5 GPa over compositions from Mg#78 to Mg#100.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4748098','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4748098"><span>Assessing <span class="hlt">ABO</span>/Rh Blood Group Frequency and Association with Asymptomatic Malaria among Blood Donors Attending Arba Minch Blood Bank, South Ethiopia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Alemu, Getaneh; Mama, Mohammedaman</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Background. Determination of the various <span class="hlt">ABO</span>/Rh blood group distributions and their association with malaria infection has paramount importance in the context of transfusion medicine and malaria control. Methods. Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June, 2015, to assess <span class="hlt">ABO</span>/Rh blood groups distribution and their association with asymptomatic malaria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Blood grouping was done using monoclonal antibodies. Thin and thick blood films were examined for Plasmodium parasites. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results. A total of 416 blood donors participated with median age of 22 ± 0.29 (median ± standard error of the mean). Distribution of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> phenotypes, in decreasing order, was O (175, 42.1%), A (136, 32.7%), B (87, 20.9%), and AB (18, 4.<span class="hlt">3</span>%). Most of them were Rh+ (386, 92.8%). The overall malaria prevalence was 4.1% (17/416). <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group is significantly associated with malaria infection (P = 0.022). High rate of parasitemia was seen in blood group O donors (6.899, P = 0.003) compared to those with other <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups. Conclusion. Blood groups O and AB phenotypes are the most and the least <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups, respectively. There is significant association between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group and asymptomatic malaria parasitemia. PMID:26925291</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27925444','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27925444"><span>Room-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2 O<span class="hlt">3</span> : Impact on Efficiency, Stability and Surface Properties in <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kot, Malgorzata; Das, Chittaranjan; Wang, Zhiping; Henkel, Karsten; Rouissi, Zied; Wojciechowski, Konrad; Snaith, Henry J; Schmeisser, Dieter</p> <p>2016-12-20</p> <p>In this work, solar cells with a freshly made CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.4 % whereas the one with 50 days aged <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> film only 6.1 %. However, when the aged <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> was covered with a layer of Al 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at room temperature (RT), the PCE value was clearly enhanced. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study showed that the ALD precursors are chemically active only at the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> surface and passivate it. Moreover, the RT-ALD-Al 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> -covered <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> films showed enhanced ambient air stability. © 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OptMa..77...25Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OptMa..77...25Z"><span>Green <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> light emitting diodes based on the ITO/Al2O<span class="hlt">3</span>/CsPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> heterojunction structure</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhuang, Shiwei; Ma, Xue; Hu, Daqiang; Dong, Xin; Zhang, Yuantao; Zhang, Baolin</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) now emerge as a promising new optoelectronic application field for these amazing semiconductors. For the purpose of investigating the device structures and light emission mechanisms of PeLEDs, we have fabricated green PeLEDs based on the ITO/Al2O<span class="hlt">3</span>/CsPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> heterojunction structure. The emission layer inorganic <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> CsPbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> film with small grain sizes (∼28.9 nm) was prepared using a two-step method. The device exhibits a typical rectification behavior with turn-on voltage of ∼6 V. The EL emission band is narrow with the FWHM of ∼25 nm. The peak EQE of the device was ∼0.09%. The working mechanism of the device is also discussed. The result of the present work provides a feasible innovation idea of PeLEDs fabrication and great potentials for the development of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> based LEDs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950054972&hterms=perovskite&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dperovskite','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19950054972&hterms=perovskite&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dperovskite"><span>MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span>-FeSiO<span class="hlt">3</span>-Al2O<span class="hlt">3</span> in the Earth's lower mantle: <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> and garnet at 1200 km depth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>O'Neill, Bridget; Jeanloz, Raymond</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Natural pyroxene and garnet starting material are used to study the effects of joint Fe and Al substitution into MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> at approxmiately 50 GPa. Garnet is found to coexist with <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> in samples containing both Fe and Al to pressures occurring deep into the lower mantel (approximately 1200 km depth). The volume of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> unit cell is V(sub o(Angstrom(exp <span class="hlt">3</span>)) = 162.59 + 5.95x(sub FeSiO<span class="hlt">3</span>) + 10.80x(sub Al2O<span class="hlt">3</span>) with aluminum causing a significant increase in the distortion from the ideal cubic cell. On the basis of a proposed extension of the MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span>-Al2O<span class="hlt">3</span> high-pressure phase diagram toward FeSiO<span class="hlt">3</span>, Fe is shown to partition preferentially into the garnet phase. The stability of garnet deep into the lower mantel may hinder the penetration of subducted slabs below the transition zone.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22658032-structural-chemistry-magnetic-properties-perovskite-sr-sub-fe-sub-teo-sub','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22658032-structural-chemistry-magnetic-properties-perovskite-sr-sub-fe-sub-teo-sub"><span>Structural chemistry and magnetic properties of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> Sr{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}Fe{sub 2}TeO{sub 9}</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tang, Yawei; Hunter, Emily C.; Battle, Peter D., E-mail: peter.battle@chem.ox.ac.uk</p> <p>2016-10-15</p> <p>A polycrystalline sample of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-like Sr{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}Fe{sub 2}TeO{sub 9} has been prepared in a solid-state reaction and studied by a combination of electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetometry, X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction. The majority of the reaction product is shown to be a trigonal phase with a 2:1 ordered arrangement of Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} and Te{sup 6+} cations. However, the sample is prone to nano-twinning and tetragonal domains with a different pattern of cation ordering exist within many crystallites. Antiferromagnetic ordering exists in the trigonal phase at 300 K and Sr{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}Fe{sub 2}TeO{sub 9} is thus the first example of amore » <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> with 2:1 trigonal cation ordering to show long-range magnetic order. At 300 K the antiferromagnetic phase coexists with two paramagnetic phases which show spin-glass behaviour below ~80 K. - Graphical abstract: Sr{sub <span class="hlt">3</span>}Fe{sub 2}TeO{sub 9} has a 2:1 ordered arrangement of Fe{sup <span class="hlt">3</span>+} and Te{sup 6+} cations over the octahedral sites of a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure and is antiferromagnetic at room temperature. - Highlights: • 2:1 Cation ordering in a trigonal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. • Magnetically ordered trigonal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. • Intergrowth of nanodomains in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> microstructure.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JChPh.147c4507S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JChPh.147c4507S"><span>Universal two-dimensional characteristics in <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> oxyhydrides ATiO2H (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sato, Nobuya; Akashi, Ryosuke; Tsuneyuki, Shinji</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>A series of unsynthesized <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> oxyhydrides ATiO2H (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) are investigated by the density functional calculations. These oxyhydrides are stable in the sense of the formation energies for some possible synthesis reactions. They are crystallized into quite similar crystal structures with the long c-axis, and the corner-sharing TiO4H2 octahedra of the ideal <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> structure are deformed into the 5-fold coordinated titanium atoms with the OH plane and the apical oxygen atoms. All of these oxyhydrides exhibit two-dimensional electronic states at the valence band maximum characterized by the in-plane oxygen 2p and the hydrogen 1s orbitals. While the c-axis becomes short as the ionic radius of the A atom becomes small and the two-dimensional characteristics are weakened, the electronic state at the valence band maximum is still characterized as the O-H in-plane state. Additionally, the Born effective charge tensors, spontaneous electric polarizations, dielectric tensors, and piezoelectric tensors are evaluated. It is found that the spontaneous electric polarizations of these oxyhydrides are much larger than that of tetragonal BaTiO<span class="hlt">3</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1344765-do-grain-boundaries-dominate-non-radiative-recombination-ch3nh3pbi-perovskite-thin-films','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1344765-do-grain-boundaries-dominate-non-radiative-recombination-ch3nh3pbi-perovskite-thin-films"><span>Do grain boundaries dominate non-radiative recombination in CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> thin films?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Yang, Mengjin; Zeng, Yining; Li, Zhen; ...</p> <p>2017-01-13</p> <p>Here, we examine GBs with respect to non-GB regions (grain surfaces (GSs) and grain interiors (GIs)) in high-quality micrometer-sized <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> (or MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span>) thin films using high-resolution confocal fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy in conjunction with kinetic modeling of charge-transport and recombination processes. We show that, contrary to previous studies, GBs in our <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> MAPbI<span class="hlt">3</span> thin films do not lead to increased recombination but that recombination in these films happens primarily in the non-GB regions (i.e., GSs or GIs). We also find that GBs in these films are not transparent to photogenerated carriers, which is likely associated withmore » a potential barrier at GBs. Lastly, even though GBs generally display lower luminescence intensities than GSs/GIs, the lifetimes at GBs are no worse than those at GSs/GIs, further suggesting that GBs do not dominate non-radiative recombination in MAPbI <span class="hlt">3</span> thin films.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..MARL43010M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..MARL43010M"><span>Exotic magnetic structures in high-pressure synthesized <span class="hlt">perovskites</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Manuel, Pascal; Khalyavin, Dmitry; Ding, Lei; Yi, Wei; Kumagai, Yu; Oba, Fumiyasu; Orlandi, Fabio; Belik, Alexei</p> <p></p> <p>We present a neutron powder diffraction study of the crystal and magnetic structures of the high-pressure stabilized <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phases of TlMnO<span class="hlt">3</span>, ScCrO<span class="hlt">3</span>, InCrO<span class="hlt">3</span> and TlCrO<span class="hlt">3</span>. These <span class="hlt">compounds</span> exhibit original magnetic structures compared to other members of their respective manganite and orthochromite families with TlMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> also displaying unusual orbital ordering pattern. For both systems, we rationalise the structures through a combination of group theory and first principle calculations. We also highlight the dominant mechanism controlling the spin direction as being the single ion anisotropy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766458','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766458"><span>Automated point-of-care testing for <span class="hlt">ABO</span> agglutination test: proof of concept and validation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>El Kenz, H; Corazza, F</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible red blood cell transfusions still represent an important hazard in transfusion medicine. Therefore, some countries have introduced a systematic bedside <span class="hlt">ABO</span> agglutination test checking that the right blood is given to the right patient. However, this strategy requires an extremely time-consuming learning programme and relies on a subjective interpretation of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> test cards agglutination. We developed a prototype of a fully automated device performing the bedside agglutination test that could be completed by reading of a barcoded wristband. This POCT checks the <span class="hlt">ABO</span> compatibility between the patient and the blood bag. Proof of concept and analytical validation of the prototype has been completed on 451 blood samples: 238 donor packed red blood cells, 137 consecutive unselected patients for whom a blood group determination had been ordered and on 76 patient samples selected with pathology that could possibly interfere with or impair performances of the assay. We observed 100% concordance for <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups between the POCT and the laboratory instrument. These preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> determination with a simple POCT device eliminating manipulation and subjective interpretation responsible for transfusion errors. This device should be linked to the blood bank system allowing all cross-check of the results. © 2015 International Society of Blood Transfusion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1185954-magnetic-order-electronic-structure-double-perovskite-sr2scoso6','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1185954-magnetic-order-electronic-structure-double-perovskite-sr2scoso6"><span>Magnetic order and electronic structure of 5d <span class="hlt">3</span> double <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> Sr 2ScOsO 6</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Taylor, A. E.; Morrow, R.; Singh, D. J.; ...</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>The magnetic susceptibility, crystal and magnetic structures, and electronic structure of double <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> Sr 2ScOsO 6 are reported. Using both neutron and x-ray powder diffraction we find that the crystal structure is monoclinic P21/n from <span class="hlt">3</span>.5 to 300 K. Magnetization measurements indicate an antiferromagnetic transition at TN=92 K, one of the highest transition temperatures of any double <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> hosting only one magnetic ion. <span class="hlt">Type</span> I antiferromagnetic order is determined by neutron powder diffraction, with an Os moment of only 1.6(1) muB, close to half the spin-only value for a crystal field split 5d electron state with t2g^<span class="hlt">3</span> ground state. Densitymore » functional calculations show that this reduction is largely the result of strong Os-O hybridization, with spin-orbit coupling responsible for only a ~0.1 muB reduction in the moment.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28754997','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28754997"><span>Dual-Function Au@Y2O<span class="hlt">3</span>:Eu<span class="hlt">3</span>+ Smart Film for Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency and Long-Term Stability of <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Chang Woo; Eom, Tae Young; Yang, In Seok; Kim, Byung Su; Lee, Wan In; Kang, Yong Soo; Kang, Young Soo</p> <p>2017-07-28</p> <p>In the present study, a dual-functional smart film combining the effects of wavelength conversion and amplification of the converted wave by the localized surface plasmon resonance has been investigated for a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell. This dual-functional film, composed of Au nanoparticles coated on the surface of Y 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> :Eu <span class="hlt">3</span>+ phosphor (Au@Y 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> :Eu <span class="hlt">3</span>+ ) nanoparticle monolayer, enhances the solar energy conversion efficiency to electrical energy and long-term stability of photovoltaic cells. Coupling between the Y 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> :Eu <span class="hlt">3</span>+ phosphor monolayer and ultraviolet solar light induces the latter to be converted into visible light with a quantum yield above 80%. Concurrently, the Au nanoparticle monolayer on the phosphor nanoparticle monolayer amplifies the converted visible light by up to 170%. This synergy leads to an increased solar light energy conversion efficiency of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. Simultaneously, the dual-function film suppresses the photodegradation of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> by UV light, resulting in long-term stability. Introducing the hybrid smart Au@Y 2 O <span class="hlt">3</span> :Eu <span class="hlt">3</span>+ film in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells increases their overall solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency to 16.1% and enhances long-term stability, as compared to the value of 15.2% for standard <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells. The synergism between the wavelength conversion effect of the phosphor nanoparticle monolayer and the wave amplification by the localized surface plasmon resonance of the Au nanoparticle monolayer in a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cell is comparatively investigated, providing a viable strategy of broadening the solar spectrum utilization.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1399687','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1399687"><span>Infrared absorption and visible transparency in heavily doped p-<span class="hlt">type</span> BaSnO <span class="hlt">3</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Li, Yuwei; Sun, Jifeng; Singh, David J.</p> <p>2017-01-30</p> <p>The recent experimental work shows that <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> BaSnO <span class="hlt">3</span> can be heavily doped by K to become a stable p-<span class="hlt">type</span> semiconductor. Here, we find that p-<span class="hlt">type</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> BaSnO <span class="hlt">3</span> retains transparency for visible light while absorbing strongly in the infrared below 1.5 eV. The origin of the remarkable optical transparency even with heavy doping is that the interband transitions that are enabled by empty states at the top of the valence band are concentrated mainly in the energy range from 0.5 to 1.5 eV, i.e., not extending past the near IR. In contrast to n-<span class="hlt">type</span>, the Burstein-Moss shift is slightlymore » negative, but very small reflecting the heavier valence bands relative to the conduction bands.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26420941','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26420941"><span>Clinico-serologic co-relation in bi-directional <span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatible hemopoietic stem cell transplantation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Basu, Sabita; Dhar, Supriya; Mishra, Deepak; Chandy, Mammen</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group system is of prime significance in red cell transfusion and organ transplantation. However, <span class="hlt">ABO</span> compatibility is not critical in allogenic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and approximately 40-50% of hemopoietic stem cell transplants are <span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatible. This incompatibility may be major, minor or bi-directional. Though there are descriptions of transfusion practice and protocols in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatible HSCT, there are considerable variations and transfusion support in these patients can be very challenging. The immunohematologic observations in two cases of bi-directional <span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatible HSCT have been described, and clinico-serologic correlation has been attempted. In both cases, peripheral blood stem cell harvests were obtained using the Cobe spectra cell separator. Immunohematologic assessments in the donor and recipient were done as a part of pre HSCT evaluation. Both the standard tube technique and column agglutination method (Ortho Biovue Micro Bead System) was used. Antibody screen was done by column agglutination method using three cell panel (Surgiscreen cells). Isoagglutinin titration was done by the master dilution method and standard validated techniques were used. The pattern of laboratory findings in the two cases was different and so were the clinical outcomes. Although there was early engraftment in the first case, the second case developed pure red cell aplasia and this was well-reflected in the immunohematologic assessments. Immunohematologic assessment correlated well with the clinical picture and could be used to predict clinical outcome and onset of complications in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> incompatible HSCT.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3890285','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3890285"><span>Do <span class="hlt">ABO</span> Blood Group Antigens Hamper the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Moll, Guido; Hult, Annika; von Bahr, Lena; Alm, Jessica J.; Heldring, Nina; Hamad, Osama A.; Stenbeck-Funke, Lillemor; Larsson, Stella; Teramura, Yuji; Roelofs, Helene; Nilsson, Bo; Fibbe, Willem E.; Olsson, Martin L.; Le Blanc, Katarina</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Investigation into predictors for treatment outcome is essential to improve the clinical efficacy of therapeutic multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We therefore studied the possible harmful impact of immunogenic <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups antigens – genetically governed antigenic determinants – at all given steps of MSC-therapy, from cell isolation and preparation for clinical use, to final recipient outcome. We found that clinical MSCs do not inherently express or upregulate <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group antigens after inflammatory challenge or in vitro differentiation. Although antigen adsorption from standard culture supplements was minimal, MSCs adsorbed small quantities of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> antigen from fresh human AB plasma (ABP), dependent on antigen concentration and adsorption time. Compared to cells washed in non-immunogenic human serum albumin (HSA), MSCs washed with ABP elicited stronger blood responses after exposure to blood from healthy O donors in vitro, containing high titers of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> antibodies. Clinical evaluation of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients found only very low titers of anti-A/B agglutination in these strongly immunocompromised patients at the time of MSC treatment. Patient analysis revealed a trend for lower clinical response in blood group O recipients treated with ABP-exposed MSC products, but not with HSA-exposed products. We conclude, that clinical grade MSCs are <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-neutral, but the ABP used for washing and infusion of MSCs can contaminate the cells with immunogenic <span class="hlt">ABO</span> substance and should therefore be substituted by non-immunogenic HSA, particularly when cells are given to immunocompentent individuals. PMID:24454787</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24454787','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24454787"><span>Do <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group antigens hamper the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Moll, Guido; Hult, Annika; von Bahr, Lena; Alm, Jessica J; Heldring, Nina; Hamad, Osama A; Stenbeck-Funke, Lillemor; Larsson, Stella; Teramura, Yuji; Roelofs, Helene; Nilsson, Bo; Fibbe, Willem E; Olsson, Martin L; Le Blanc, Katarina</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Investigation into predictors for treatment outcome is essential to improve the clinical efficacy of therapeutic multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We therefore studied the possible harmful impact of immunogenic <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups antigens - genetically governed antigenic determinants - at all given steps of MSC-therapy, from cell isolation and preparation for clinical use, to final recipient outcome. We found that clinical MSCs do not inherently express or upregulate <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group antigens after inflammatory challenge or in vitro differentiation. Although antigen adsorption from standard culture supplements was minimal, MSCs adsorbed small quantities of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> antigen from fresh human AB plasma (ABP), dependent on antigen concentration and adsorption time. Compared to cells washed in non-immunogenic human serum albumin (HSA), MSCs washed with ABP elicited stronger blood responses after exposure to blood from healthy O donors in vitro, containing high titers of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> antibodies. Clinical evaluation of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients found only very low titers of anti-A/B agglutination in these strongly immunocompromised patients at the time of MSC treatment. Patient analysis revealed a trend for lower clinical response in blood group O recipients treated with ABP-exposed MSC products, but not with HSA-exposed products. We conclude, that clinical grade MSCs are <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-neutral, but the ABP used for washing and infusion of MSCs can contaminate the cells with immunogenic <span class="hlt">ABO</span> substance and should therefore be substituted by non-immunogenic HSA, particularly when cells are given to immunocompentent individuals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMMR21B1996H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMMR21B1996H"><span>High-pressure synthesis and structural, physical properties of CaIr1-xPtxO<span class="hlt">3</span> and CaIr1-xRhxO<span class="hlt">3</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hirai, S.; Bromiley, G. D.; Klemme, S.; Irifune, T.; Ohfuji, H.; Attfield, P.; Nishiyama, N.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>Since the discovery of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> to post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> transition in MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> in a laser-heated DAC, wide attention has been focussed on the post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase of MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span>. This is because the post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase is likely to play a key role in Earth’s lowermost mantle, and because the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> to post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> transition can explain many features of the D” seismic discontinuity. While it is meaningful to conduct further studies of MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span>, the post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase of MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> cannot be quenched to ambient pressure/temperature conditions. Thus, further studies must be conducted using analogue <span class="hlt">compounds</span> of MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span>, which are quenchable to ambient pressure/temperature conditions. The post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase of MgSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> crystallizes in a layered structure with CaIrO<span class="hlt">3</span>-structure. Therefore, it is useful to investigate <span class="hlt">compounds</span> with CaIrO<span class="hlt">3</span>-structure. There are only four quenchable oxides with CaIrO<span class="hlt">3</span>-structure reported to date: CaIrO<span class="hlt">3</span>, CaPtO<span class="hlt">3</span>, CaRhO<span class="hlt">3</span> and CaRuO<span class="hlt">3</span>. CaIrO<span class="hlt">3</span> can be synthesized at ambient pressure, whilst the other three oxides can only be obtained at high pressure/temperature conditions using a multi-anvil apparatus. Further studies on these materials have revealed structural phase transitions at high P-T and a metal-insulator transition by hole doping. In the case of CaIrO<span class="hlt">3</span>, The post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase of CaIrO<span class="hlt">3</span> synthesized at 2GPa, 1373K transforms into a <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase at 2GPa, 1673K. In other words, the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase can be synthesized at temperatures higher than those needed for synthesizing the post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase. This is also the case for CaRhO<span class="hlt">3</span> (6GPa, 1873K) and CaRuO<span class="hlt">3</span> (23GPa, 1343K), while CaPtO<span class="hlt">3</span> remained post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> at higher temperatures. We have succeeded in synthesizing solid solutions between CaIrO<span class="hlt">3</span>, CaPtO<span class="hlt">3</span> and CaRhO<span class="hlt">3</span>. We have found the systematic change in structural and physical properties of post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxides, with composition and P-T, which broadens the future opportunity for studying post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> systems</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Nanot..26H5602T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Nanot..26H5602T"><span>Growth of highly textured PbTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> films on conductive substrate under hydrothermal conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tang, Haixiong; Zhou, Zhi; Bowland, Christopher C.; Sodano, Henry A.</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> structure (<span class="hlt">ABO</span><span class="hlt">3</span>) thin films have wide applications in electronic devices due to their unique properties, including high dielectric permittivity, ferroelectricity and piezoelectric coupling. Here, we report an approach to grow highly textured thick lead titanate (PbTiO<span class="hlt">3</span>) films on conductive substrates by a two-step hydrothermal reaction. Initially, vertically aligned TiO2 nanowire arrays are grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass, which act as template crystals for conversion to the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure. The PbTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> films are then converted from TiO2 NW arrays by diffusing Pb2+ ions into the template through a second hydrothermal reaction. The dielectric permittivity and piezoelectric coupling coefficient (d33) of the PbTiO<span class="hlt">3</span> films are as high as 795 at 1 kHz and 52 pm V-1, respectively. The reported process can also potentially be expanded for the assembly of other complex <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> ATiO<span class="hlt">3</span> (A = Ba, Ca, Cd, etc) films by using the highly aligned TiO2 NW arrays as templates. Therefore, the approach introduced here opens up a new door to synthesize ferroelectric thin films on conductive substrates for application in sensors, actuators, and ultrasonic transducers that are important in various industrial and scientific areas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26196162','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26196162"><span>Two-Photon Absorption in Organometallic Bromide <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Walters, Grant; Sutherland, Brandon R; Hoogland, Sjoerd; Shi, Dong; Comin, Riccardo; Sellan, Daniel P; Bakr, Osman M; Sargent, Edward H</p> <p>2015-09-22</p> <p>Organometallic trihalide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are solution-processed semiconductors that have made great strides in third-generation thin film light-harvesting and light-emitting optoelectronic devices. Recently, it has been demonstrated that large, high-purity single crystals of these <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> can be synthesized from the solution phase. These crystals' large dimensions, clean bandgap, and solid-state order have provided us with a suitable medium to observe and quantify two-photon absorption in <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>. When CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> single crystals are pumped with intense 800 nm light, we observe band-to-band photoluminescence at 572 nm, indicative of two-photon absorption. We report the nonlinear absorption coefficient of CH<span class="hlt">3</span>NH<span class="hlt">3</span>PbBr<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> to be 8.6 cm GW(-1) at 800 nm, comparable to epitaxial single-crystal semiconductors of similar bandgap. We have leveraged this nonlinear process to electrically autocorrelate a 100 fs pulsed laser using a two-photon <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> photodetector. This work demonstrates the viability of organometallic trihalide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> as a convenient and low-cost nonlinear absorber for applications in ultrafast photonics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28812341','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28812341"><span>Efficient Sky-Blue <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Light-Emitting Devices Based on Ethylammonium Bromide Induced Layered <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Qi; Ren, Jie; Peng, Xue-Feng; Ji, Xia-Xia; Yang, Xiao-Hui</p> <p>2017-09-06</p> <p>Low-dimensional organometallic halide <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are actively studied for the light-emitting applications due to their properties such as solution processability, high luminescence quantum yield, large exciton binding energy, and tunable band gap. Introduction of large-group ammonium halides not only serves as a convenient and versatile method to obtain layered <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> but also allows the exploitation of the energy-funneling process to achieve a high-efficiency light emission. Herein, we investigate the influence of the addition of ethylammonium bromide on the morphology, crystallite structure, and optical properties of the resultant <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> materials and report that the phase transition from bulk to layered <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> occurs in the presence of excess ethylammonium bromide. On the basis of this strategy, we report green <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> light-emitting devices with the maximum external quantum efficiency of ca. <span class="hlt">3</span>% and power efficiency of 9.<span class="hlt">3</span> lm/W. Notably, blue layered <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> light-emitting devices with the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage coordinates of (0.16, 0.23) exhibit the maximum external quantum efficiency of 2.6% and power efficiency of 1 lm/W at 100 cd/m 2 , representing a large improvement over the previously reported analogous devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFMMR31A0136R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AGUFMMR31A0136R"><span>Structural State and Elastic Properties of <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> in the Earth's Mantle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ross, N. L.; Angel, R. J.; Zhao, J.</p> <p>2005-12-01</p> <p>Recent advances in laboratory-based single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques for measuring the intensities of diffraction from crystals held in situ at high pressures in the diamond-anvil cell have been used to determine the role of polyhedral compression in the response of 2:4 and <span class="hlt">3:3</span> GdFeO<span class="hlt">3</span>-<span class="hlt">type</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> to high pressure [1]. These new data clearly demonstrate that, contrary to previous belief, the compression of the octahedral sites is significant and that the evolution of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure with pressure is controlled by a new principle; that of equipartition of bond-valence strain across the structure [2]. This new paradigm, together with the minimal information available from high- pressure powder diffraction studies, may provide the possibility of predicting the structural state and elastic properties of <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> of any composition at mantle pressures and temperatures. Cation partioning between silicate <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> and other phases should then be predictable through the application of a Brice-style model [<span class="hlt">3</span>]. The geochemical implications of this <span class="hlt">type</span> of analysis will be presented as well as the possibility for extending these measurements to higher pressures. References [1] e.g. Zhao, Ross & Angel (2004) Phys Chem Miner. 31: 299; Ross, Zhao,. & Angel (2004). J. Solid State Chemistry 177:1276. [2] Zhao, Ross, & Angel (2004). Acta Cryst. B60:263 [<span class="hlt">3</span>] e.g Walter et al. (2004) Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68:4267; Blundy & Wood (1994) Nature 372:452</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18806026','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18806026"><span><span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible blood transfusion and invasive therapeutic approaches during pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aliç, Yasin; Akpek, Elif A; Dönmez, Asli; Ozkan, Süleyman; Perfusionist, Güray Yener; Aslamaci, Sait</p> <p>2008-10-01</p> <p>Human error has been identified as a major source of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible blood transfusion which most often results from blood being given to the wrong patient. We present a case of inadvertent administration of <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible blood to a 6-mo-old child who underwent congenital heart surgery and discuss the use of invasive therapeutic approaches. Invasive techniques included total circulatory arrest and large-volume exchange transfusion, along with conventional ultrafiltration and plasmapheresis, which could all be performed rapidly and effectively. The combination of standard pharmacologic therapies and alternative invasive techniques after a massive <span class="hlt">ABO</span>-incompatible blood transfusion led to a favorable outcome in our patient.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29120621','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29120621"><span>Chemical Substitution-Induced and Competitive Formation of 6H and <span class="hlt">3</span>C <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Structures in Ba<span class="hlt">3</span>-xSrxZnSb2O9: The Coexistence of Two <span class="hlt">Perovskites</span> in 0.<span class="hlt">3</span> ≤ x ≤ 1.0.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Jing; Jiang, Pengfei; Gao, Wenliang; Cong, Rihong; Yang, Tao</p> <p>2017-11-20</p> <p>6H and <span class="hlt">3</span>C <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> are important prototype structures in materials science. We systemically studied the structural evolution induced by the Sr 2+ -to-Ba 2+ substitution to the parent 6H <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> Ba <span class="hlt">3</span> ZnSb 2 O 9 . The 6H <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is only stable in the narrow range of x ≤ 0.2, which attributes to the impressibility of [Sb 2 O 9 ]. The preference of 90° Sb-O-Sb connection and the strong Sb 5+ -Sb 5+ electrostatic repulsion in [Sb 2 O 9 ] are competitive factors to stabilize or destabilize the 6H structure when chemical pressure was introduced by Sr 2+ incorporation. Therefore, in the following, a wide two-phase region containing 1:2 ordered 6H-Ba 2.8 Sr 0.2 ZnSb 2 O 9 and rock-salt ordered <span class="hlt">3</span>C-Ba 2 SrZnSb 2 O 9 was observed (0.<span class="hlt">3</span> ≤ x ≤ 1.0). In the final, the successive symmetry descending was established from cubic (Fm<span class="hlt">3</span>̅m, 1.<span class="hlt">3</span> ≤ x ≤ 1.8) to tetragonal (I4/m, 2.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.4), and finally to monoclinic (I2/m, 2.6 ≤ x ≤ <span class="hlt">3</span>.0). Here we proved that the electronic configurations of B-site cations, with either empty, partially, or fully filled d-shell, would also affect the structure stabilization, through the orientation preference of the B-O covalent bonding. Our investigation gives a deeper understanding of the factors to the competitive formation of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structures, facilitating the fine manipulation on their physical properties.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29190071','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29190071"><span>Atomic-Scale Origin of the Quasi-One-Dimensional Metallic Conductivity in Strontium Niobates with <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span>-Related Layered Structures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Chunlin; Yin, Deqiang; Inoue, Kazutoshi; Lichtenberg, Frank; Ma, Xiuliang; Ikuhara, Yuichi; Bednorz, Johannes Georg</p> <p>2017-12-26</p> <p>The quasi-one-dimensional (1D) metallic conductivity of the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>-related Sr n Nb n O <span class="hlt">3</span>n+2 <span class="hlt">compounds</span> is of continuing fundamental physical interest as well as being important for developing advanced electronic devices. The Sr n Nb n O <span class="hlt">3</span>n+2 <span class="hlt">compounds</span> can be derived by introducing additional oxygen into the SrNbO <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. However, the physical origin for the transition of electrical properties from the three-dimensional (<span class="hlt">3</span>D) isotropic conductivity in SrNbO <span class="hlt">3</span> to the quasi-1D metallic conductivity in Sr n Nb n O <span class="hlt">3</span>n+2 requires more in-depth clarification. Here we combine advanced transmission electron microscopy with atomistic first-principles calculations to unambiguously determine the atomic and electronic structures of the Sr n Nb n O <span class="hlt">3</span>n+2 <span class="hlt">compounds</span> and reveal the underlying mechanism for their quasi-1D metallic conductivity. We demonstrate that the local electrical conductivity in the Sr n Nb n O <span class="hlt">3</span>n+2 <span class="hlt">compounds</span> directly depends on the configuration of the NbO 6 octahedra in local regions. These findings will shed light on the realization of two-dimensional (2D) electrical conductivity from a bulk material, namely by segmenting a <span class="hlt">3</span>D conductor into a stack of 2D conducting thin layers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28643471','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28643471"><span>Molecular Self-Assembly Fabrication and Carrier Dynamics of Stable and Efficient CH<span class="hlt">3</span> NH<span class="hlt">3</span> Pb(1-x) Snx I<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">Perovskite</span> Solar Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fan, Jiandong; Liu, Chong; Li, Hongliang; Zhang, Cuiling; Li, Wenzhe; Mai, Yaohua</p> <p>2017-10-09</p> <p>The Sn-based <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> solar cells (PSCs) provide the possibility of swapping the Pb element toward developing toxic-free PSCs. Here, we innovatively employed a molecular self-assembly approach to obtain a series CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> Pb (1-x) Sn x I <span class="hlt">3</span> (0≤x≤1) <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> thin films with full coverage. The optimized planar CH <span class="hlt">3</span> NH <span class="hlt">3</span> Pb 0.75 Sn 0.25 I <span class="hlt">3</span> PSC with inverted structure was consequently realized with a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 14 %, which displayed a stabilized power output (SPO) over 12 % within 200 s at 0.6 V forward bias. Afterward, we investigated the factors that limited the efficiency improvement of hybrid Sn-Pb PSCs, and analyzed the possible reason of the hysteresis effect occurred even in the inverted structure cell. Particularly, the oxidation of hybrid Sn-Pb <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> thin film was demonstrated to be the main reason that limited its further efficiency improvement. The imbalance of charge transport was intensified, which was associated with the increased hole defect-state density and decreased electron defect-state density after Sn was introduced. This study helps tackle the intractable issue regarding the toxic Pb in <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> devices and is a step forward toward realizing lead-free PSCs with high stability and efficiency. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049837','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049837"><span>Impact of hole doping on spin transition in <span class="hlt">perovskite-type</span> cobalt oxides.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Che, Xiangli; Li, Liping; Hu, Wanbiao; Li, Guangshe</p> <p>2016-06-28</p> <p>Series of <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> PrCo1-xNixO<span class="hlt">3</span>-δ (x = 0-0.4) were prepared and carefully investigated to understand the spin state transition driven by hole doping and further to reveal the effect of spin state transition on electronic conduction. It is shown that with increasing doping level, the transition temperature Ts for Co(<span class="hlt">3</span>+) ions from low-spin (LS) to intermediate-spin (IS) reduces from 211.9 K for x = 0 to 190.5 K for x = 0.4. XPS and FT-IR spectra demonstrate that hole doping promoted this transition due to a larger Jahn-Teller distortion. Moreover, a thermal activation of spin disorder caused by thermal population of the spin states for Co ions has a great impact on the electrical transport of these <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> samples. This work may shed light on the comprehension of spin transition in cobalt oxides through hole doping, which is promising for finding new strategies of enhancing electronic conduction, especially for energy and catalysis applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011APS..SHK.Q3005M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011APS..SHK.Q3005M"><span>The Effect of Crystallite Size and Texture on the Strength of MgGeO<span class="hlt">3</span> Post-<span class="hlt">Perovskite</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Miyagi, Lowell</p> <p>2011-06-01</p> <p>In-situ radial synchrotron x-ray diffraction is used to measure lattice strain and lattice preferred orientation (texture) in MgGeO<span class="hlt">3</span> post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> synthesized and deformed in the diamond anvil cell up to 135 GPa. Lattice strains are used to calculate differential stress supported by the sample and can provide a lower bounds estimate on yield strength. MgGeO<span class="hlt">3</span> post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> synthesized from the enstatite phase exhibits a weak transformation texture of (100) planes at high angles to the direction of compression. In a sample with larger crystallites, pressure increase and deformation results in (001) lattice planes orienting nearly perpendicular to compression, consistent with dominant (001) slip. In another sample with smaller crystallites it is difficult to induce texture change, and differential stress is higher than in the sample with larger crystallites. When MgGeO<span class="hlt">3</span> post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> is synthesized from the <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> phase a different transformation texture of (001) planes at high angles to compression is observed. This sample is able to support large differential stress as the direction perpendicular to the (001) plane is a plastically hard orientation for MgGeO<span class="hlt">3</span> post-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span>. This work was supported by the Carnegie DOE Alliance Center and a Bateman fellowship at Yale University.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1440832-predicting-thermodynamic-stability-double-perovskite-halides-from-density-functional-theory','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1440832-predicting-thermodynamic-stability-double-perovskite-halides-from-density-functional-theory"><span>Predicting the thermodynamic stability of double-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halides from density functional theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Han, Dan; Zhang, Tao; Huang, Menglin; ...</p> <p>2018-05-24</p> <p>Recently, a series of double-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halide <span class="hlt">compounds</span> such as Cs 2AgBiCl 6 and Cs 2AgBiBr 6 have attracted intensive interest as promising alternatives to the solar absorber material CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> because they are Pb-free and may exhibit enhanced stability. The thermodynamic stability of a number of double-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halides has been predicted based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations of <span class="hlt">compound</span> formation energies. In this paper, we found that the stability prediction can be dependent on the approximations used for the exchange-correlation functionals, e.g., the DFT calculations using the widely used Perdew, Burke, Ernzerhof (PBE) functional predict that Csmore » 2AgBiBr 6 is thermodynamically unstable against phase-separation into the competing phases such as AgBr, Cs 2AgBr <span class="hlt">3</span>, Cs <span class="hlt">3</span>Bi 2Br 9, etc., obviously inconsistent with the good stability observed experimentally. The incorrect prediction by the PBE calculation results from its failure to predict the correct ground-state structures of AgBr, AgCl, and CsCl. By contrast, the DFT calculations based on local density approximation, optB86b-vdW, and optB88-vdW functionals predict the ground-state structures of these binary halides correctly. Furthermore, the optB88-vdW functional is found to give the most accurate description of the lattice constants of the double-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halides and their competing phases. Given these two aspects, we suggest that the optB88-vdW functional should be used for predicting thermodynamic stability in the future high-throughput computational material design or the construction of the Materials Genome database for new double-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halides. As a result, using different exchange-correlation functionals has little influence on the dispersion of the conduction and the valence bands near the electronic bandgap; however, the calculated bandgap can be affected indirectly by the optimized lattice constant, which varies for different functionals.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1440832','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1440832"><span>Predicting the thermodynamic stability of double-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halides from density functional theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Han, Dan; Zhang, Tao; Huang, Menglin</p> <p></p> <p>Recently, a series of double-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halide <span class="hlt">compounds</span> such as Cs 2AgBiCl 6 and Cs 2AgBiBr 6 have attracted intensive interest as promising alternatives to the solar absorber material CH <span class="hlt">3</span>NH <span class="hlt">3</span>PbI <span class="hlt">3</span> because they are Pb-free and may exhibit enhanced stability. The thermodynamic stability of a number of double-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halides has been predicted based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations of <span class="hlt">compound</span> formation energies. In this paper, we found that the stability prediction can be dependent on the approximations used for the exchange-correlation functionals, e.g., the DFT calculations using the widely used Perdew, Burke, Ernzerhof (PBE) functional predict that Csmore » 2AgBiBr 6 is thermodynamically unstable against phase-separation into the competing phases such as AgBr, Cs 2AgBr <span class="hlt">3</span>, Cs <span class="hlt">3</span>Bi 2Br 9, etc., obviously inconsistent with the good stability observed experimentally. The incorrect prediction by the PBE calculation results from its failure to predict the correct ground-state structures of AgBr, AgCl, and CsCl. By contrast, the DFT calculations based on local density approximation, optB86b-vdW, and optB88-vdW functionals predict the ground-state structures of these binary halides correctly. Furthermore, the optB88-vdW functional is found to give the most accurate description of the lattice constants of the double-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halides and their competing phases. Given these two aspects, we suggest that the optB88-vdW functional should be used for predicting thermodynamic stability in the future high-throughput computational material design or the construction of the Materials Genome database for new double-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> halides. As a result, using different exchange-correlation functionals has little influence on the dispersion of the conduction and the valence bands near the electronic bandgap; however, the calculated bandgap can be affected indirectly by the optimized lattice constant, which varies for different functionals.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28501355','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28501355"><span>Sono-photo-Fenton oxidation of bisphenol-A over a LaFeO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> catalyst.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dükkancı, Meral</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>In this study, oxidation of bisphenol-A (IUPAC name - 2,2-(4,4-dihydroxyphenyl, BPA), which is an endocrine disrupting phenolic <span class="hlt">compound</span> used in the polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resin industry, was investigated using sono-photo-Fenton process under visible light irradiation in the presence of an iron containing <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> catalyst, LaFeO <span class="hlt">3</span> . The catalyst prepared by sol-gel method, calcined at 500°C showed a catalytic activity in BPA oxidation using sono-photo-Fenton process with a degradation degree and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of 21.8% and 11.2%, respectively. Degradation of BPA was studied by using individual and combined advanced oxidation techniques including sonication, heterogeneous Fenton reaction and photo oxidation over this catalyst to understand the effect of each process on degradation of BPA. It was seen, the role of sonication was very important in hybrid sono-photo-Fenton process due to the pyrolysis and sonoluminescence effects caused by ultrasonic irradiation. The prepared LaFeO <span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> catalyst was a good sonocatalyst rather than a photocatalyst. Sonication was not only the effective process to degrade BPA but also it was the cost effective process in terms of energy consumption. The studies show that the energy consumption is lower in the sono-Fenton process than those in the photo-Fenton and sono-photo- Fenton processes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PhRvB..72q4104M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PhRvB..72q4104M"><span>Local structure in LaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> and CaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskites</span>: A quantitative structural refinement of Mn K -edge XANES data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Monesi, C.; Meneghini, C.; Bardelli, F.; Benfatto, M.; Mobilio, S.; Manju, U.; Sarma, D. D.</p> <p>2005-11-01</p> <p>Hole-doped <span class="hlt">perovskites</span> such as La1-xCaxMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> present special magnetic and magnetotransport properties, and it is commonly accepted that the local atomic structure around Mn ions plays a crucial role in determining these peculiar features. Therefore experimental techniques directly probing the local atomic structure, like x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), have been widely exploited to deeply understand the physics of these <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. Quantitative XAS analysis usually concerns the extended region [extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)] of the absorption spectra. The near-edge region [x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES)] of XAS spectra can provide detailed complementary information on the electronic structure and local atomic topology around the absorber. However, the complexity of the XANES analysis usually prevents a quantitative understanding of the data. This work exploits the recently developed MXAN code to achieve a quantitative structural refinement of the Mn K -edge XANES of LaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> and CaMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">compounds</span>; they are the end <span class="hlt">compounds</span> of the doped manganite series LaxCa1-xMnO<span class="hlt">3</span> . The results derived from the EXAFS and XANES analyses are in good agreement, demonstrating that a quantitative picture of the local structure can be obtained from XANES in these crystalline <span class="hlt">compounds</span>. Moreover, the quantitative XANES analysis provides topological information not directly achievable from EXAFS data analysis. This work demonstrates that combining the analysis of extended and near-edge regions of Mn K -edge XAS spectra could provide a complete and accurate description of Mn local atomic environment in these <span class="hlt">compounds</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMMR41B..07K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMMR41B..07K"><span>Sound velocity measurements of CaSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> under lower mantle pressures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kudo, Y.; Hirose, K.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The chemical composition of the lower mantle and the distribution of subducted crustal materials in the lower mantle can be constrained by the comparison of seismological observations with laboratory measurements of sound velocities of expected constituent minerals in lower mantle conditions. To date, sound velocities of two major constituent minerals of the lower mantle, namely magnesium silicate <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> and ferropericlase have been well studied although the data are mostly limited to low temperature (300 K). On the other hand, another major mineral, CaSiO<span class="hlt">3</span>-<span class="hlt">perovskite</span> appears in both peridtite (~7 wt.%) and subducted basaltic crusts (~23 wt.%) at the lower mantle pressure-temperature conditions. In spite of its abundance in those rocks, little is known about acoustic velocity, mostly because it cannot be quenched to the ambient pressure. Synthesis and measurement should be made under pressure, which has been a challenging project for the current experimental techniques. We have conducted sound velocity measurements of polycrystalline CaSiO<span class="hlt">3</span> <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> by a combination of a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. High-pressure was generated by the DAC with a pair of 300-micron culet diamond anvils. Calcium silicate <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> was synthesized from gel by laser annealing in the DAC with the CO2 laser. A tetragonal <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> structure was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction at the station BL10XU, SPring-8. Brillouin scattering measurements were made at 300 K under pressures corresponding to the middle lower mantle conditions. Results demonstrate that the S-wave velocity is significantly lower than previous theoretical results. We will discuss the possible source for this discrepancy and resulting implications for the lower mantle materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24266306','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24266306"><span>The association of <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups with extent of coronary atherosclerosis in Croatian patients suffering from chronic coronary artery disease.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Karabuva, Svjetlana; Carević, Vedran; Radić, Mislav; Fabijanić, Damir</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The aim of study was to: 1) examine the relationship between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups and extent of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), 2) compare <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups distribution in CAD patients and general population, <span class="hlt">3</span>) examine possible differences in traditional risk factors frequency in CAD patients with different <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups. In the 646 chronic CAD patients (72.4% males) coronary angiograms were scored by quantitative assessment using multiple angiographic scoring system, Traditional risk factors were self reported or measured by standard methods. <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood distribution of patients was compared with group of 651 healthy blood donors (74.6% males). Among all <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group patients there was no significant difference between the extent of coronary atherosclerosis with regard to all the three scoring systems: number of affected coronary arteries (P = 0.857), Gensini score (P = 0.818), and number of segments narrowed > 50% (P = 0.781). There was no significant difference in <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood group distribution between CAD patients and healthy blood donors. Among CAD patients, men with blood group AB were significantly younger than their pairs with non-AB blood groups (P = 0.008). Among CAD patients with AB blood group, males < 50 yrs were significantly overrepresented when compared with the non-AB groups (P = 0.003). No association between <span class="hlt">ABO</span> blood groups and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis in Croatian CAD patients is observed. Observation that AB blood group might possibly identify Croatian males at risk to develop the premature CAD has to be tested in larger cohort of patients.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvM...2b1601S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvM...2b1601S"><span>Band gap and mobility of epitaxial <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> BaSn1 -xHfxO<span class="hlt">3</span> thin films</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shin, Juyeon; Lim, Jinyoung; Ha, Taewoo; Kim, Young Mo; Park, Chulkwon; Yu, Jaejun; Kim, Jae Hoon; Char, Kookrin</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>A wide band-gap <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide BaSn O<span class="hlt">3</span> is attracting much attention due to its high electron mobility and oxygen stability. On the other hand, BaHf O<span class="hlt">3</span> was recently reported to be an effective high-k gate oxide. Here, we investigate the band gap and mobility of solid solutions of BaS n1 -xH fxO<span class="hlt">3</span> (x =0 -1 ) (BSHO) as a basis to build advanced <span class="hlt">perovskite</span> oxide heterostructures. All the films were epitaxially grown on MgO substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that Hf substitution does not create midgap states while increasing the band gap. From x-ray diffraction and optical transmittance measurements, the lattice constants and the band-gap values are significantly modified by Hf substitution. We also measured the transport properties of n -<span class="hlt">type</span> La-doped BSHO films [(Ba ,La ) (Sn ,Hf ) O<span class="hlt">3</span> ] , investigating the feasibility of modulation doping in the BaSn O<span class="hlt">3</span>/BSHO heterostructures. The Hall measurement data revealed that, as the Hf content increases, the activation rate of the La dopant decreases and the scattering rate of the electrons sharply increases. These properties of BSHO films may be useful for applications in various heterostructures based on the BaSn O<span class="hlt">3</span> system.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.</div> </div><!-- container --> <footer><a id="backToTop" href="#top"> </a><nav><a id="backToTop" href="#top"> </a><ul class="links"><a id="backToTop" href="#top"> </a><li><a id="backToTop" href="#top"></a><a href="/sitemap.html">Site Map</a></li> <li><a href="/members/index.html">Members Only</a></li> <li><a href="/website-policies.html">Website Policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://doe.responsibledisclosure.com/hc/en-us" target="_blank">Vulnerability Disclosure Program</a></li> <li><a href="/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> <div class="small">Science.gov is maintained by the U.S. Department of Energy's <a href="https://www.osti.gov/" target="_blank">Office of Scientific and Technical Information</a>, in partnership with <a href="https://www.cendi.gov/" target="_blank">CENDI</a>.</div> </nav> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- // var lastDiv = ""; function showDiv(divName) { // hide last div if (lastDiv) { document.getElementById(lastDiv).className = "hiddenDiv"; } //if value of the box is not nothing and an object with that name exists, then change the class if (divName && document.getElementById(divName)) { document.getElementById(divName).className = "visibleDiv"; lastDiv = divName; } } //--> </script> <script> /** * Function that tracks a click on an outbound link in Google Analytics. * This function takes a valid URL string as an argument, and uses that URL string * as the event label. */ var trackOutboundLink = function(url,collectionCode) { try { h = window.open(url); setTimeout(function() { ga('send', 'event', 'topic-page-click-through', collectionCode, url); }, 1000); } catch(err){} }; </script> <!-- Google Analytics --> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-1122789-34', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <!-- End Google Analytics --> <script> showDiv('page_1') </script> </body> </html>