... herbivores potentially reduce plant fitness by increasing fruit abortion. The impact of leaf herbivory on fruit abortion, however, may vary with branch height in trees ... ...

... not associated with any visible malformation, such as cleft palate or heart anomalies. However, as more information has ... ...

Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were grown in the field in 1982 and 1983 (cv. Kent) and greenhouse (cv. McCall) to characterize the effects of timing and source-sink alterations on flower and immature pod abortion and to study the causes of abortion. Flowers and immature pods were marked during early flowering (R1 to R2) and late flowering (R3 to R4). ...

... over the insect body. Natural Reproductive Efficiency and Abortion Levels The number of flowers per inflorescence, fruits ... to determine flower-immature fruit, ovule and seed abortion. Relative repro...

... in Inflorescence Size, Fruit Set, and Patterns of Abortion To assess interannual variation in inflorescence size and ... between years using paired t-tests. Patterns of abortion were examined for three s...

Plant-pollinator interactions are well-known examples of mutualism, but are not free of antagonism. Antagonistic interactions and defenses or counter-defenses are expected particularly in nursery pollination. In these systems, adult insects, while pollinating, lay their eggs in flowers, and juveniles consume the seeds from one or several fruits, thereby substantially reducing ...