Soil biota are intimately tied to plant communities through herbivory and symbiosis and indirectly by the decomposition of dead organic plant material. Through both roots and aboveground organic material (e.g., leaves and wood), plants provide substantial inputs of organic matter to soil systems. Plants are the basis for most biotic soil food webs that ...

... Bengtson, I. R. Fletcher, and N. McNaughton. 2002b. Ancient animals or something ... India: Possible implications for early evolution of animals. Geology ... ...

The ecology of the cyanophyte-dominated stromatolitic mat forming the ground cover over desert areas

Conversion of perennial grasslands to shrublands is a desertification process that is important globally. Changes in aboveground ecosystem properties with this conversion have been well-documented, but little is known about how belowground communities are affected, yet these belowground communities ...

), or genetic algorithms (Stockwell and Peters, 1999), iii)200 multivariate extensions for community modeling compared to, for instance, earthworms or other soil biota. Thus, the example for a typical aboveground taxonomic units (OTUs) with unknown and potentially large genetic variation within a species (Fenchel, 2005

Harvester ants (Messor spp.) function as an essential link between aboveground resources and belowground biota such as the microbial community. We examined changes in soil microbial biomass and functional diversity resulting from harvester ant (Messor spp.) activity in the Negev Desert, Israel. Abi...

BackgroundSoil biota may trigger strong physiological responses in plants and consequently induce distinct phenotypes. Plant phenotype, in turn, has a strong impact on herbivore performance. Here, we tested the hypothesis that aboveground herbivores are able to adapt to plant phenotypes induced by soil biota.Methodology and Principal ...

BackgroundSoil biota effects are increasingly accepted as an important driver of the abundance and distribution of plants. While biogeographical studies on alien invasive plant species have indicated coevolution with soil biota in their native distribution range, it is unknown whether adaptation to soil biota varies among populations ...

This article from BioScience journal is about assessing the effects of exotic plant invasion. As exotic plant species invade ecosystems, ecologists have been attempting to assess the effects of these invasions on native communities and to determine what factors influence invasion processes. Although much of this work has focused on aboveground flora and fauna, structurally and ...

A variety of chemical contaminants have been found in Puget Sound. These chemicals often occur in complex mixtures and in varying concentrations from place to place. The biological implications of these mixtures was largely unknown, though various biologi...

The physical process of hydraulic redistribution (HR) is driven by competing soil, tree and atmospheric water potential gradients, and may delay severe water stress for roots and other biota associated with the upper soil profile. We monitored soil moisture characteristics across...

Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important component of the global C cycle. It contains more C than plant biomass and the atmosphere combined, and contributes to a C flux to and from the atmosphere ten times larger than the C flux due to fossil fuel combustion. Increasing interest in SOM is driven by questions about the permanence of soil C during sequestration, the vulnerability of soil C stocks ...

Global environmental changes are expected to impact the abundance of plants and animals aboveground, but comparably little is known about the responses of belowground organisms. Using meta-analysis, we synthesized results from over 75 manipulative experiments in order to test for patterns in the effects of elevated CO(2), warming, and altered precipitation on the abundance of ...

Several studies addressed aboveground biomass recovery in tropical and subtropical seagrass systems following physical disturbance. However, there are few studies documenting belowground biomass recovery despite the important functional and ecological role of roots and rhizomes for seagrass ecosystems. In this study, we compared the recovery of biomass (g dry weight m(-2)) as ...

community composition Bare ground & canopy cover Soil biota, Biological soil crusts Disturbance #12;DynamicMultiscale variability of soil aggregate stability: implications for rangeland hydrology and erosion Mike Duniway Jeff Herrick Ken Spaeth Nichole Barger Justin Van Zee Jayne Belnap #12;Why soil

Predators often exert multi-trophic cascading effects in terrestrial ecosystems. However, how such predation may indirectly impact interactions between above- and below-ground biota is poorly understood, despite the functional importance of these interactions. Comparison of rat-free and rat-invaded offshore islands in New Zealand revealed that predation of seabirds by ...

-00053.1 RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT 63(3) May 2010 267 #12;with important implications for global desertification. REMMENGA, AND W. H. SCHLESINGER. 2002. Desertification alters patterns of aboveground net primary Assessment: ecosystems and human well-being: desertification synthesis. Washington, DC, USA: World Resource

The mechanisms underlying the taxonomic assembly of montane biotas are still poorly understood. Most hypotheses have assumed that the diversification of montane biotas is loosely coupled to Earth history and have emphasized instead the importance of multiple long-distance dispersal events and biotic interactions, particularly competition, for structuring ...

The mechanisms underlying the taxonomic assembly of montane biotas are still poorly understood. Most hypotheses have assumed that the diversification of montane biotas is loosely coupled to Earth history and have emphasized instead the importance of multiple long-distance dispersal events and biotic interactions, particularly competition, for structuring ...

New Caledonia has generally been considered a continental island, the biota of which largely dates back to Gondwanan times owing to its geological origin and the presence of phylogenetic relicts. This view is contradicted by geological evidence indicating long Palaeocene and Eocene submersions and by recent biogeographic and phylogenetic studies, with molecular or geophysical ...

... jacket on aboveground heat distribution systems has occurred at ... on insulation systems on aboveground systems. ... ion in the insulation system. ...