Juzen-Taiho-To (JTT) is well known to be one of Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine consisted of 10 component herbs and used for the supplemental therapy of cancer patients with remarkably success. However, the precise mechanisms by which JTT could favorably modify the clinical conditions of cancer patients are not well defined. The present study, therefore, was undertaken to examine the possible ...

Noninvasive imaging of the functional effects of anti-VEGF therapy on tumor cell extravasation and regional blood volume in an experimental brain metastasis model. Clin. Exp. Metastasis.

SUMMARYTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can influence cancer progression and metastasis, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that breast TAMs abundantly produce CCL18, and its expression in blood or cancer stroma is associated with metastasis and reduced patient survival. CCL18 released by breast TAMs promotes the invasiveness of cancer ...

The identification of molecular signatures characteristic of tumor cells that are capable of metastatic spread is required for the development of therapeutic interventions to abrogate this lethal process. To facilitate this, we have previously characterized an experimental system in which the role of candidate metastasis-related genes ...

Gli1 is an established oncogene and its expression in Estrogen Receptor (ER) ? negative and triple negative breast cancers is predictive of a poor prognosis; however, the biological functions regulated by Gli1 in breast cancer have not been extensively evaluated. Herein, Gli1 was over-expressed or down-regulated (by RNA interference and by expression of the repressor form of Gli3) in the ER? ...

Metastasis is the deadliest phase of cancer progression. Experimental models using immunodeficient mice have been used to gain insights into the mechanisms of metastasis. We report here the identification of a �metastasis aggressiveness gene expression signature� derived using human melanoma cells selected ...

BackgroundActivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ? (PPAR?) induces diverse effects on cancer cells. The thiazolidinediones (TZDs), such as troglitazone and ciglitazone, are PPAR? agonists exhibiting antitumor activities; however, the underlying mechanism remains inconclusive. Rosiglitazone (RGZ), a synthetic ligand of PPAR? used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, inhibits ...

It remains unclear whether a microRNA (miRNA) affects a given phenotype via concomitant down-regulation of its entire repertoire of targets or instead by suppression of only a modest subset of effectors. We demonstrate that inhibition of breast cancer metastasis by miR-31�a miRNA predicted to modulate >200 mRNAs�can be entirely explained by miR-31's pleiotropic ...

... The objective of the application is to develop experimental models to study the pathogenesis of breast cancer brain metastases, using intra-carotid ...

... The objective of the application is to develop experimental models to study the pathogenesis of breast cancer brain metastases, using intra-carotid ...

Using a cell line derived from human lung cancer (AOI), we successfully established human xenografts in KSN nude mice, which showed high incidence of multiple spontaneous metastases. The highest incidence of metastasis in untreated hosts was observed in the spleen followed by the lungs and lymph nodes. The rate of metastasis reached 100% in the mice ...

The effect of diabetic conditions on liver metastasis was examined using CT26 mouse colon cancer cells. CT26 cells produced angiotensin (A)-I and A-II from angiotensinogen; the production was abrogated by inhibitors of renin and chymase. Renin expression and A-II production increased with an increase in the concentration of glucose in the medium. In a ...

Ninety percent of cancer-mediated deaths are due to metastasis of the tumor; however, the mechanisms controlling metastasis remain poorly understood. Thus, no therapy targeting this process has yet been approved. Chemokines and their receptors are mediators of chronic inflammation and have been linked to the metastasis of numerous ...

Lymph node metastasis and local invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with a poor prognosis. However, little is known about the factors governing tumor cell invasion in HNSCC. Phospholipase Cgamma-1 (PLCgamma-1) contributes to tumor cell invasion in experimental systems when activated by the epidermal growth factor ...

We are attempting to develop novel agents that alter the biology of the cancer. In order to accomplish this goal, we have initiated a collaboration with a unique computational chemistry company to design compounds that abrogate key molecular targets in the development, progression and metastasis of cancer. These studies are just being initiated but could ...

... Tumor Metastasis in Mice by Small Amounts of Radon. Radiat. Res. 165, 337�342 (2006). We examined the effect of radon in two experimental disease models in mice by ... ...

For patients diagnosed with cancer, metastasis is the most critical prognostic factor. Even after surgical removal and systemic chemo- or radiotherapy of the primary tumor, it is often the metastases that cause morbidity. One avenue of tumor cell metastas...

Esophageal cancer is characterized by rapid clinical progression and poor prognosis due to adjacent tissue invasion and distant organs metastasis at a very early stage. TM4SF3 (transmembrane 4 superfamily 3), a member of tetraspanin family, has been reported as a metastasis associated gene in many types of tumors. Herein, we described new properties of ...

SC-514, an inhibitor of IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta), blocked the TNF-alpha-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) as well as the TNF-alpha-promoted metastasis of murine colon adenocarcinoma cells. We investigated the effect of 20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (M1), a main intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginseng, on the NF-kappaB-dependent ...

Fv-1b restriction in BALB/3T3 cells is temporarily abrogated following infection with N-tropic murine leukemia virus. The mechanism of this phenomenon was investigated by comparing the inactivation rates for viral infectivity and for the ability of the same virus to abrogate Fv-1 restriction. Inactivation of the abrogating ability of ...

A primary goal of cancer research is an increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating the process of cancer metastasis. Analyses of colon cancer cells (the seeds) and the microenvironment (the soil) has increased our understanding of the biologic mechanisms mediating liver-specific metastasis. Insight into the molecular mechanisms ...

As a tumor grows, it requires increased amounts of oxygen. However, the tumor blood vessels that form to meet this demand are functionally impaired, leading to regions of hypoxia within the tumor. Such hypoxia is one of the hallmarks of malignancy and is thought to promote a number of tumorigenic properties. Here, we sought to determine how tumors without hypoxia would progress by engineering A549 ...

Epithelial tumor cells transit to a mesenchymal state in response to extracellular cues, in a process known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The precise nature of these cues has not been fully defined, an important issue given that EMT is an early event in tumor metastasis. Here, we have found that a population of metastasis-prone mouse lung ...

Screening of the entire let-7 family of miRNAs by in situ hybridization identified let-7g as the only member, the diminished expression of which was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival in breast cancer patients. Abrogation of let-7g expression in otherwise non-metastatic mammary carcinoma cells elicited rapid ...

Although surgery and radiotherapy have been the standard treatment modalities for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the integration of cisplatin (CDDP)-based therapy has led to improvements in local and regional control of disease for patients. However, many trials show that only 10-20% of patients benefit from this treatment intensification, which can result in profound ...

Although surgery and radiotherapy have been the standard treatment modalities for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the integration of cisplatin (CDDP)-based therapy has led to improvements in local and regional control of disease for patients. However, many trials show that only 10�20% of patients benefit from this treatment intensification, which can result in profound ...

BackgroundActivation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)4 signalling in human ovarian cancer cells induces a number of phenotypic changes in vitro, including altered cell morphology, adhesion, motility and invasion, relative to normal human ovarian surface epithelial cells. From these in vitro analyses, we had hypothesized that active BMP signalling promotes the metastatic potential of ovarian ...

Many steps of the metastatic cascade can be reproduced in simple in vitro assays such as tumour cell interactions with matrix proteins, proteolysis, chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and invasion into matrices or explanted tissues. Nevertheless, there are no fully adequate substitutes for the complexity of the in vivo process. Here, we describe two "experimental" ...

H-2+ and H-2- cells of B16 melanoma were established by repeated fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The H-2- line formed no metastasis in untreated C57BL/6 mice, whereas the H-2+ cells showed evidence of metastatic development. This difference was ascribed mainly to the increased susceptibility of H-2- cells to attack by natural effector mechanisms, particularly asialo GM1+ ...

PurposeAs a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin, Snail has predominantly been associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. However, other important Snail-dependent malignant phenotypes have not been fully explored. Here, we investigate the contributions of Snail to the progression of non-small cell lung cancer ...

The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is a major component controlling the invasive growth program in embryonic development and in invasive malignancies. The discovery of therapeutic antibodies against MET has been difficult, and antibodies that compete with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) act as agonists. By applying phage technology and cell-based panning strategies, we discovered two fully human ...

The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is a major component controlling the invasive growth program in embryonic development and in invasive malignancies. The discovery of therapeutic antibodies against MET has been difficult, and antibodies that compete with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) act as agonists. By applying phage technology and cell-based panning strategies, we discovered two fully human ...

Metastasis from the primary tumor to distant sites involves an array of molecules that function in an integrated manner. Proteolytic remodeling and subsequent tumor cell interactions with the extracellular matrix regulate tumor invasion. In previous studies, we have identified a cryptic epitope (HUIV26) that is specifically exposed after alterations in the triple helical ...

Lapachol [2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone] is a vitamin K antagonist with antitumor activity. The effect of lapachol on the experimental metastasis of murine B16BL6 melanoma cells was examined. A single oral administration of a high toxic dose of lapachol (80-100 mg/kg) 6 h before iv injection of tumor cells drastically promoted ...

Tumour metastasis suppressors are inhibitors of metastasis but their mechanisms of action are generally not understood. We previously showed that the suppressor Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) inhibits breast tumour metastasis in part via let-7. Here, we demonstrate an integrated approach combining statistical analysis of breast ...

The effects of incision and irradiation on regional lymph node metastasis in DMBA-induced squamous cell carcinomas of the hamster tongue are reported. Metastasis to the submandibular lymph nodes was confirmed histologically in 48.0% of the animals. The incidence of lymph node metastasis was significantly increased (65.9%) after ...

Although metastasis accounts for >90% of cancer-related deaths, no therapeutic that targets this process has yet been approved. Because the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is one of the targets closely linked with tumor metastasis, inhibitors of this receptor have the potential to abrogate metastasis. In the current ...

Our goal in this project is to prevent the occurrence of bone metastasis in early experimental prostate cancer using protein transduction: the ability of small peptides to facilitate the entry of large biologically active fusion protein cargos into cells....

BACKGROUNDAnimal models are important tools to investigate the pathogenesis and develop treatment strategies for bone metastases in humans. However, there are few spontaneous models of bone metastasis despite the fact that rodents (rats and mice) and other animals (dogs and cats) often spontaneously develop cancer. Therefore, most experimental models of ...

Dietary peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)? ligands, linoleic acid (LA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), showed anticancer effects in colorectal carcinoma cells. LA is metabolized by two pathways. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 produces procarcinogenic prostaglandin E2, whereas 15-lipoxygenase (LOX)-1 produces PPAR? ligands. The 15LOX-1 pathway, which is dominant in colorectal adenomas, ...

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most devastating and common pediatric brain tumor. Tumor cells invading into surrounding tissue and disseminating through cerebrospinal fluid make treatment extremely difficult. Identifying the mechanisms of MB cells is therefore imperative for the development of novel treatments. A research group demonstrated recently that the multifunctional signaling protein ...

IntroductionSites of chronic inflammation are often associated with the establishment and growth of various malignancies including breast cancer. A common inflammatory condition in humans is autoimmune arthritis (AA) that causes inflammation and deformity of the joints. Other systemic effects associated with arthritis include increased cellular infiltration and inflammation of the lungs. Several ...

The general notion that functional platelets are important for successful hematogenous tumor metastasis has been inaugurated more than 4 decades ago and has since been corroborated in numerous experimental settings. Thorough preclinical investigations have, at least in part, clarified some specifics regarding the involvement of platelet adhesion receptors, ...

Esophageal carcinoma models were created by transplanting VX2 cells to rabbit esophagus endoscopically. By injecting finely divided activated charcoal into normal rabbit esophagus and tumor sites of esophageal carcinoma model, lymph flow was observed directly. Existence of lymph node metastasis was studied in detailed pathology. In 30 rabbits with upper esophageal carcinoma, ...

The calcium-binding protein S100A4 promotes metastasis in several experimental animal models, and S100A4 protein expression is associated with patient outcome in a number of tumor types. S100A4 is localized in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and extracellular space and possesses a wide range of biological functions, such as regulation of angiogenesis, cell ...

In animal experimental model research the single exposure of whole-body x radiation of over 100 r causes a significant resistance increase of the host organism, and therefore an increased formation of hematogenic metastasis'' occurs after injection of tumor cells into the blood circulation. After this original decrease of the ...

Metastasis, the epitome of cancer progression, is a pathological process of profound significance, because much of cancer's lethality is from malignant neoplasms and thus any experimental attempt aimed at better understanding this process should be encouraged. Dr. Raz's saga in this field of research started in 1980 when as a Postdoctoral Fellow he ...

Deciphering the molecular basis of esophageal cancer metastasis requires adequate experimental models. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the hallmark of tumor metastasis. As a promoter of the malignant progression of esophageal cancer, epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to induce EMT in several cell lines. In this ...

During metastasis cancer cells disseminate from the primary tumor, invade into surrounding tissues, and spread to distant organs. Metastasis is a complex process that can involve many tissue types, span variable time periods, and often occur deep within organs, making it difficult to investigate and quantify. In addition, the efficacy of the metastatic ...

Metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer-related mortality. Brain metastases generally present during the late stages in the natural history of cancer progression. Recent advances in cancer treatment and management have resulted in better control of systemic disease metastatic to organs other than the brain and improved patient survival. However, patients who experience recurrent ...

Metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer-related mortality. Brain metastases generally present during the late stages in the natural history of cancer progression. Recent advances in cancer treatment and management have resulted in better control of systemic disease metastatic to organs other than the brain and improved patient survival. However, patients who experience recurrent ...

Even though lymph node metastasis accounts for the vast majority of cancer death in patients with oral cancer (OC), the molecular mechanisms of lymph node metastasis remain elusive. Genome-wide microarray analyses and functional studies in vitro and in vivo, along with detailed clinical observations, have identified a number of molecules that may ...

Adhesion of circulating tumour cells to the blood vessel endothelium is a critical step in cancer metastasis. We show in this study that galectin-3, whose concentration is greatly increased in the circulation of cancer patients, increases cancer cell adhesion to macro- and micro-vascular endothelial cells under static and flow conditions, increases trans-endothelial invasion ...

Cancer therapy often produces anemia, which is treated with erthropoietin (EPO) to stimulate erythrocyte production. However, concerns have recently arisen that EPO treatment may promote later tumor metastasis and mortality. The mechanisms underlying such effects are unknown, but it is clear that EPO has pleiotropic effects in cell types other than hematopoietic cells. In this ...

In this study, we have showed that GCNT2, a gene-encoding glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2, I-branching enzyme, is overexpressed in highly metastatic breast cancer cell lines of human and mouse origin and basal-like breast tumor samples. GCNT2 expression is also significantly correlated to the metastatic phenotype in breast tumor samples. Functional studies showed that ectopic expression of ...

Previously, we described FGF-1- or FGF-4-transfected MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells which are tumorigenic and metastatic in untreated or tamoxifen-treated ovariectomised nude mice. In this study, we have assessed the effects of AGM-1470, an antiangiogenic agent, and pentosan polysulphate (PPS), an agent that abrogates the effects of FGFs, on tumour growth and ...

Many hypotheses have been postulated to explain the intricate nature of the metastatic process, but none of them completely accounted for the actual biological and clinical observations. Consequently, metastasis still remains an open issue with only few metastasis-inducing proteins experimentally validated so far. Recently proposed ...

Many hypotheses have been postulated to explain the intricate nature of the metastatic process, but none of them completely accounted for the actual biological and clinical observations. Consequently, metastasis still remains an open issue with only few metastasis-inducing proteins experimentally validated so far. Recently proposed ...

Crucial steps in tumor growth and metastasis are proliferation, survival and neovascularization. Previously, we have demonstrated that receptors for CXCL-8, CXCR1 and CXCR2, are expressed on endothelial cells and CXCR2 has been shown to be a putative receptor for angiogenic chemokines. In this report, we examined whether tumor angiogenesis and growth of CXCL-8-expressing human ...

A major clinical manifestation of breast cancer patients is the development of bone metastasis. Several lines of experimental evidence suggested that chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1 signaling molecules may play an important role in the bone ...

major clinical manifestation of breast cancer patients is the development of bone metastasis. Several lines of experimental evidence suggested that chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1 signaling molecules may play an important role in the bone me...

The purpose of this funded research program is to examine different modes of movement used by mammary tumor cells during local invasion and metastasis. The experimental results of year 1 primarily concern the characterization of tumor cell movement ex viv...

Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors including breast cancer. In vitro and in vivo experimental models clearly demonstrate that suppressing angiogenesis leads tumor suppression. The overall goal of this proposal is to de...

The Cancergram concentrates on the effectiveness of chemical agents and preparations in controlling tumor growth, metastasis, and viruses associated with tumors. These agents include substances undergoing initial testing for efficacy as well as establishe...

This Cancergram concentrates on the effectiveness of chemical agents and preparations in controlling tumor growth, metastasis, and viruses associated with tumors. These agents include substances undergoing initial testing for efficacy as well as establish...

This Cancergram concentrates on the effectiveness of chemical agents and preparations in controlling tumor growth, metastasis, and viruses associated with tumors. These agents include substances undergoing initial testing for efficacy as well as establish...

This Cancergram concentrates on the effectiveness of chemical agents and preparations in controlling tumor growth, metastasis, and viruses associated with tumors. These agents include substances undergoing initial testing for efficacy as well as establish...

This Cancergram concentrates on the effectiveness of chemical agents and preparations in controlling tumor growth, metastasis, and viruses associated with tumors. These agents include substances undergoing initial testing for efficacy as well as establish...

This Cancergram concentrates on the effectiveness of chemical agents and preparations in controlling tumor growth, metastasis, and viruses associated with tumors. These agents include substances undergoing initial testing for efficacy as well as establish...

This Cancergram concentrates on the effectiveness of chemical agents and preparations in controlling tumor growth, metastasis, and viruses associated with tumors. These agents include substances undergoing initial testing for efficacy as well as establish...

The Cancergram concentrates on the effectiveness of chemical agents and preparations in controlling tumor growth, metastasis, and viruses associated with tumors. These agents include substances undergoing initial testing for efficacy as well as establishe...

... Title : Metastasis Genes in Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone. ... Abstract : The most prevalent site of breast cancer metastasis is bone. ...

The increasing incidence of breast cancer brain metastasis in patients with otherwise well-controlled systemic cancer is a key challenge in cancer research. It is necessary to understand the properties of brain-tropic tumor cells to identify patients at risk for brain metastasis. Here we attempt to identify functional phenotypes that might enhance brain ...

Smad4 protein, whose gene is coded at chromosome 18q21.1, is an important tumour suppressor that mediates transforming growth factor-beta. It has been reported that inactivation of the Smad4 gene and allelic loss of chromosome 18q correlate with liver metastasis and poorer prognosis in colorectal cancers. Utilising a recently developed method of immunohistochemical staining ...

Inflammation is a double-edged sword that can promote or suppress cancer progression. In this study, we report that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an IL-7-like type 1 inflammatory cytokine that is often associated with the induction of Th2-type allergic responses in the lungs, is also expressed in human and murine cancers. Our studies with murine cancer cells indicate that TSLP plays an ...

More than 40% of patients with lung cancer and breast cancer develop brain metastasis. With improved local control and therapy of metastasis to visceral organs, the morbidity and mortality due to late diagnosed brain metastasis are projected to rise. The median survival for untreated patients is 1-2 months, which may be extended to 6 ...

The use of type I interferons (IFNs) in cancer therapy has been limited by ineffective dosing and significant toxicity. Here, we exploited the tumor-homing ability of proangiogenic Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) to deliver IFN-alpha to tumors. By transplanting hematopoietic progenitors transduced with a Tie2 promoter/enhancer-driven Ifna1 gene, we turned TEMs into IFN-alpha cell vehicles that ...

Patients with locally advanced cancer or distant metastasis frequently receive prolonged treatment with chemotherapy and/or fractionated radiotherapy (RT). Despite the initial clinical response, treatment resistance frequently develops and cure in these patients is uncommon. Developments in RT technology allow for the use of high-dose (or ablative) RT to target local tumors, ...

Cigarette smoking is highly correlated with the onset of a variety of human cancers, and continued smoking is known to abrogate the beneficial effects of cancer therapy. While tobacco smoke contains hundreds of molecules that are known carcinogens, nicotine, the main addictive component of tobacco smoke, is not carcinogenic. At the same time, nicotine has been shown to promote ...

We correlated the steady state transcription and protein secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in 13 different human melanoma cell lines with their ability to grow and produce metastasis in nude mice. Highly metastatic cells expressed higher steady state levels of IL-8 mRNA transcripts than did low metastatic cells. In situ mRNA hybridization analyses confirmed the pattern of mRNA ...

Stat3 activation has been implicated as an important driver of brain metastasis in breast cancer, but the critical targets of Stat3 in this process are yet to be fully defined. In this study, we identified the lipid raft organizing protein Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) as a critical genetic target of Stat3 in this process. In human breast cancers, we found that activated Stat3 correlated ...

The majority of patients with lung cancer present with metastatic disease. Chronic inflammation and subsequent activation of nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) have been associated with the development of cancers. The RelA/p65 subunit of NF-?B is typically associated with transcriptional activation. In this report we show that RelA/p65 can function as an active transcriptional repressor through enhanced ...

Dietary isothiocyanates have been shown to possess anti-tumour activity, inhibiting several types of cultured human cancer cell growth. However, there are limited studies on their effects on cancer cell metastasis. Our previous study showed that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) suppressed human lung cancer cell metastasis ...

Nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are >95% associated with the expression of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) LMP2A latent protein. However, the role of EBV, in particular, LMP2A, in tumor progression is not well understood. Using Affymetrix chips and a pattern-matching computational technique (neighborhood analysis), we show that the level of LMP2A expression in NPC biopsy samples ...

The fact that certain tumors exhibit a predilection for metastasis to specific organs has been recognized for well over a century now. An extensive body of clinical data and experimental research has confirmed Stephen Paget's original "seed and soil" hypothesis that proposed the organ-preference patterns of tumor metastasis are the ...

Radiotherapy is successfully used to treat cancer. Emerging evidence, however, indicates that recurrences after radiotherapy are associated with increased local invasion, metastatic spreading and poor prognosis. Radiation-induced modifications of the tumor microenvironment have been proposed to contribute to increased aggressive tumor behavior, an effect also referred to as tumor bed effect, but ...

The attachment of circulating tumor cells to the blood vessels of distant organs is an important step in metastasis. We show here that experimental lung metastasis by two cell lines, B16F1 melanoma and 3LL lung carcinoma, is greatly reduced in transgenic mice that lack plasma fibronectin. This multifunctional adhesive glycoprotein ...

In spite of a large body of information about the upstream regulators of metastasis, a process that often plays a limiting factor in therapeutic outcome of cancer patients, the impact of regulatory microRNA patterns remains obscure. This review describes computational analysis of coordinated regulation of genes by di-directional regulation of microRNA and transcription factors ...

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Metastasis is a common event and the main cause of death in cancer patients. Lymphangiogenesis refers to the formation of new lymphatic vessels, and is thought to be involved in the development of metastasis. Sunitinib is a multi-kinase inhibitor that blocks receptor tyrosine kinase activity, including that of vascular endothelial ...

BackgroundPhosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) plays a causative role in tumor metastasis, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In our previous study, we observed that PRL-3 could decrease tyrosine phosphorylation of integrin ?1 and enhance activation of ERK1/2 in HEK293 cells. Herein we aim to explore the association of PRL-3 with integrin ?1 ...

Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) is a transmembrane protease inhibitor that regulates the activities of membrane-bound and extracellular serine proteases. HAI-1 has two Kunitz-type inhibitor domains with the N-terminal Kunitz domain (KD1) responsible for inhibiting known target proteases. Previously, we reported that knockdown of HAI-1 in the human pancreatic carcinoma ...

We studied the effects of combination treatment with an anti-inflammatory agent, interferon (IFN)-beta, and a putative neuroprotective agent, an estrogen receptor (ER)-beta ligand, during EAE. Combination treatment significantly attenuated EAE disease severity, preserved axonal densities in spinal cord, and reduced CNS inflammation. Combining ERbeta treatment with IFNbeta reduced IL-17, while it ...

We have demonstrated that urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) purified from human urine is able to inhibit lung metastasis of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) cells in experimental and spontaneous metastasis models. In this study, we have investigated whether UTI in combination with an anti-cancer drug, etoposide, can prevent tumour ...

The tumor microenvironment is acidic as a consequence of upregulated glycolysis and poor perfusion and this acidity, in turn, promotes invasion and metastasis. We have recently demonstrated that chronic consumption of sodium bicarbonate increased tumor pH and reduced spontaneous and experimental metastases. This occurred without affecting systemic pH, ...

... Title : Should the United States Abrogate Sovereignty Rights in the Panama Canal Zone. Descriptive Note : Student essay,. ...

... Title : Immune Dysfunctions and Abrogation of the Inflammatory Response by ... studies with UDMH in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay ...

... of a model of breast tumor metastasis to the brain in the mouse and the testing of a neurological stimulant in curtailing breast tumor brain metastasis ...

... Title : Biological Mechanisms of Metastasis Suppression: Which Steps in the Metastatic Cascade are Inhabited by the Metastasis Suppressor Gene ...

... Accession Number : ADA427647. Title : Metastasis Genes in Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone. Descriptive Note : Annual rept. ...