artificial neural network BP ANN trained by back propagation of errors MAD mean absolute deviation ND node network or system size, and / or configuration. In this paper, a generalized artificial neural network reliable communications systems. Section V is the concluding discussion. II. ARTIFICIAL ...

... Title : THE PRINCIPLE OF DIVIDING ABSOLUTE (GRAVIMETRIC) DEVIATIONS OF PLUMB LINE INTO LOCAL AND GENERAL (PLANETARY ...

It is well known that least absolute deviation (LAD) criterion or L₁-norm used for estimation of parameters is characterized by robustness, i.e., the estimated parameters are totally resistant (insensitive) to large changes in the sampled data. This is an extremely useful feature, especially, when the sampled data are known to be ...

The least absolute deviations criterion, or the l1 norm, is frequently used for approximation where the data may contain outliers or wild points'. One of the most popular methods for solving the least absolute deviations data fitting problem is the Barrod...

In the present study, a new method is presented for estimation of lower flammability limit (LFL) of pure compounds. This method is based on a combination of a group contribution method and neural networks. The parameters of the model are the occurrences of a new collection of 105 functional groups. Basing on these 105 functional groups, a feed forward ...

Permutation tests for least absolute deviation regression This publication is not available online. Please contact a FORT author (see ... B. S., and J....

... This paper is part of the following report: TITLE: Algorithms For Approximation IV. ... Page 2. A robust algorithm for least absolute deviations ...

This paper presents a one-layer recurrent neural network for solving a class of constrained nonsmooth optimization problems with piecewise-linear objective functions. The proposed neural network is guaranteed to be globally convergent in finite time to the optimal solutions under a mild condition on a derived lower bound of a single gain parameter in the ...

In this study, a new approach based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has been designed to estimate the density of pure palm oil-based methyl ester biodiesel. The experimental density data measured at various temperatures from 14 to 90�C at 1�C intervals were used to train the networks. The present research, applied a three layer back propagation ...

The melting points of organic compounds were estimated using a combined method that includes a backpropagation neural network and quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) parameters in quantum chemistry. Eleven descriptors that reflect the intermolecular forces and molecular symmetry were used as input variables. QSPR parameters were calculated using molecular ...

... Title : THE NEGATIVE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION: COMPUTATION OF THE MEDIAN AND THE MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION. ...

Various approaches were suggested for simultaneous optical flow estimation and segmentation in image sequences. In this study, the moving scene is decomposed in different regions with respect to their motion, by means of a pattern recognition scheme. The inputs of the proposed scheme are the feature vectors representing still image and motion information. The classifier employed is the Median ...

We provide an analytical expression for the mean frequency shift in phase oscillators as a function of the standard deviation, sigma and the autocorrelation time, tau of small random perturbations. We show that the frequency shift is negative and proportional to sigma;{2} . Its absolute value increases monotonically with tau , approaching an asymptote ...

We provide an analytical expression for the mean frequency shift in phase oscillators as a function of the standard deviation, ? and the autocorrelation time, ? of small random perturbations. We show that the frequency shift is negative and proportional to ?2 . Its absolute value increases monotonically with ? , approaching an asymptote determined by ...

Human subjects swung, through motions at the two wrists, hand-held pendulums of variable mass and length. Within a pair, the two pendulums could be of the same or different magnitude. The subjects were required to produce a coordinated state in which the two rhythmic units oscillated at a single common period. Fifty-four conditions of absolute coordination, that is, 54 ...

An accurate and efficient artificial neural network based on genetic algorithm (GA) is developed for predicting of nanofluids viscosity. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the neural network parameters. The experimental viscosity in eight nanofluids in the range 238.15-343.15 K with the nanoparticle volume fraction up to 9.4% was used. The ...

Some fast algorithms have recently been constructed for fitting regression equations by the Least Absolute Deviations criterion. The basis for these algorithms is discussed, and the geometry of the problem is described. The difficulties caused by degeneracy of the problem and nonuniqueness of the solutions are also mentioned.

A comparison is made between linear programming and weighted least squares approach to absolute deviation curve fitting. The computational results are consistent in showing linear programming substantially reduces solution times while requiring only a rel...

... deviation between intended gripper wrist orientation and ... and sensing parameters of the robot as they ... it to be implemented in many different robots. ...

During the 2008 Olympic Summer Games, emission reductions were enforced in Beijing to improve air quality. Here we explore their effect on the regional aerosol load. We compare satellite-retrieved aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of that period with previous years, both in absolute terms and in a neural network approach taking into account the ...

In this paper, the anomaly detection method for nuclear power plant monitoring and its program are described by using a neural network approach, which is based on the deviation between measured signals and output signals of neural network model. The neura...

Annual precipitation over Serbia and Montenegro is studied in terms of its variability. The dependence of three selected absolute measures of variability (standard deviation, absolute mean deviation and mean absolute interannual variability) from the mean annual precipitation are examined for ...

The purpose of this study was to determine spatial and temporal precipitation variability, and the effect of this variability on yield and profitability. On-farm precipitation data is currently being measured by site- specific farmers. One potential use of the data is to provide inputs for corn yield modeling, which has been performed with neural networks and simulation. ...

A group method of data handling-type neural network (GMDH-type NN) with an evolutionary method of genetic algorithm was used to predict the TME(n) of feather meal (FM) and poultry offal meal (POM) based on their CP, ether extract, and ash content. Thirty-seven data lines consisting of 15 FM and 22 POM samples were collected from literature and used to train a GMDH-type NN ...

The problem of automatic modulation classification is to identify the modulation type of a received signal from the signal parameters. Modulation classification has both military and civilian applications and has been the subject of intensive research for more than two decades. In this paper we use a hierarchical neural network in which the first network identifies the ...

... the deviations of environmental temperatures from the preferred temperature range in absolute values. For each cover element, we ... Thermal Profiles The mean deviation from the preferred temperature ran...

... at 10% (absolute) higher than for sheet steel ... to be tvice as rull £3 for metal Eros open ... stamp) 7. Total peraissible deviations 8. Negative tolerance 9 ...

An extensive Monte Carlo analysis is conducted to determine the performance of robust linear regression techniques with and without outliers. Thirteen methods of regression are compared including least squares and minimum absolute deviation. The classical...

... 10 III METHODOLOGY.....12 1. Saaty Method ..... 12 ... 22 IV RESULTS.....23 1. Saaty versus Absolute Deviation. .... 23 ...

This document is the published result, conclusion, or progress report of research performed by the staff of the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science ... ...

... of the mixtures were captured well with absolute average deviations between the model and the data of 5.3% and 2.3%, respectively. The mixture ...

B.2 gives the typical and worst case value of the absolute deviation of Rij from unity in each band for the stars and the cold sources. ...

Deciduous forests were more variable (both in absolute and relative terms) than evergreen forests. The standard deviation of AGB for deciduous forests was 137 ...

Deciduous forests were more variable (both in absolute and relative terms) than evergreen forests. The standard deviation of AGB for deciduous forests was ...

With the APCV models, the zenith total delay is shifted by -7.0 mm in average with a standard deviation of �1.9 mm over the whole network. ...

... 1997 at both creeks. Table C3-1. Estimated correlations among absolute thalweg residual deviations from the median ... apart.

... Corporate Author : HUDDERSFIELD UNIV LEEDS (UNITED KINGDOM). Personal Author(s) : Lei, Dongdong ; Anderson, Iain J. ; Cox, Maurice G. ...

... AN ANALYSIS OF STOPPING CRITERIA ... 4.5.2 The Total Absolute Error Conclusions. ... decreased, the classification error rate and the variance of ...

In this paper, we report on the potential of a recently developed neural network for structures applied to the prediction of physical chemical properties of compounds. The proposed recursive neural network (RecNN) model is able to directly take as input a structured representation of the molecule and to model a direct and adaptive relationship between the ...

... present BPN forecasting model. The path of the Aere typhoon over Taiwan is shown in Figure 3. The Aere typhoon approached Taiwan with a central pressure of ... ...

modeled using presence/absence data. This was expected because the dominant component of the variance/ absence and abundance models. `Absolute deviation' refers to the difference in the absolute variance. `Relative deviation' refers to the difference in relative strength of a component between models. We

The author generates a set of data from a Gaussian distribution to illustrate the properties of the distribution such as the mean of a set of data, the confidence level for the mean, the chi-squared function, and the Student t Distribution The document concludes with a discussion of the mean absolute deviation and a survey of the Moments of a distribution ...

and it is measured by standard statistical measures of accuracy such as Mean Squared Error and mean absolute% of measurements are within 2 std of mean Gauss' inequality Chebychev inequality Standard error of the sample mean statistical measures of spread, i.e. standard deviation, interquartile range, mean absolute ...

A neural network system for P and S-picking and location of earthquakes in Northeastern Italy is described. It is applied to 7108 seismograms corresponding to 1147 earthquakes occurring in Northeastern Italy and surrounding area in the period 2000-2003. Its results are compared with two sets of manual picks and with the picks performed by the existing seismic alert system. The ...

A new neural network technique, support vector regression (SVR), is applied to forecast the solar wind (SW) velocity. SVR is a non-linear efficient tool for high data processing based on statistical learning theory. Its advantage is that the input only requires several periods data (about four 27-d solar-rotation periods to SW velocity prediction in this study), and the ...

Artificial neural network (ANN) approach has been applied to estimate the density functional theory (DFT) energy with large basis set using lower-level energy values and molecular descriptors. A total of 208 different molecules were used for the ANN training, cross validation, and testing by applying BLYP, B3LYP, and BMK density functionals. Hartree-Fock results were reported ...

We consider the optimal rate of approximation by single hidden feed-forward neural networks on the unit sphere. It is proved that there exists a neural network with n neurons, and an analytic, strictly increasing, sigmoidal activation function such that the deviation of a Sobolev class W(2r)(2)(S(d)) from the class of ...

The set standard deviation, repeatability and offset of absolute gravimeter A10-008 were assessed at the Walferdange Underground Laboratory for Geodynamics (WULG) in Luxembourg. Analysis of the data indicates that the instrument performed within the specifications of the manufacturer. For A10-008, the average set standard deviation was ...

Empirical evidence based on Army wholesale demand data is presented indicating that traditional error measures such as mean squared error and mean absolute deviation do not necessarily relate to performance in an inventory management system. An alternativ...

To become acquainted with the use of the mean absolute deviation between observed and expected response as a measure of model adequacy. To become acquainted with the form that the above adequacy measure takes in the case that the outcome is binary and in the case that the outcome is a censored event time, and corresponding error distributions.

Liquid mixture viscosities and densities have been measured for 24 binary systems as a function of composition at 298.15 K and ambient pressure. Systems were chosen in order to provide a range of constituent types to test a newly developed predictive equation. The new calculation technique is based on a local-composition thermodynamic model and uses no adjustable viscosity parameters. Shear ...

As thermal inertia is the key factor for the lag of thermoelectric utility regulation, it becomes very important to forecast its short-term load according to running parameters. In this paper, dynamic radial basis function (RBF) neural network is proposed based on the RBF neural network with the associated parameters of sample ...

The aorta is the largest vessel in the systemic circuit. Its diameter is very important to guess for child before adult age, due to growing up body. Aortic diameter, one of the cardiac values, changes in time. Evaluation of the cardiac structures and generating a valid regional curve requires a large study group experience for accurate data on normal values. In this study, our aim is to estimate ...

In this study, the degradation rate constants of humic substances by ozonation under the different empirical conditions such as ozone-air flow rate, ozone generation potential, pH, temperature, powdered activated carbon (PAC) dosage and HCO(3)(-) ions concentration were determined. The ozonation of humic substances in the semi-batch reactor was found to fit pseudo-first-order reaction. The values ...

Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to optimize the effect of four independent variables, viz. glucose, sodium chloride (NaCl), temperature and induction time, on lipase production by a recombinant Escherichia coli BL21. The optimization and prediction capabilities of RSM and ANN were then compared. RSM predicted the dependent ...

To explain the determinants of negative behavior toward deviants (e.g., punishment), this article examines how people evaluate others on the basis of two types of standards: minimal and maximal. Minimal standards focus on an absolute cutoff point for appropriate behavior; accordingly, the evaluation of others varies dichotomously between acceptable or unacceptable. Maximal ...

Mean absolute sea level reflects the deviation of the Ocean surface from geoid due to the ocean currents and is an important characteristic of the dynamical state of the ocean. Values of its spatial variations (order of 1 m) are generally much smaller tha...

normal distribution CI for normal xstx � #12;2 Do you want your estimate of the mean to be accurate within are the consequences of being wrong? Sample size for continuous variables Types of deviations from the mean Absolute the absolute error divided by the mean Sample size for continuous variables n= sample size needed to estimate

The status of pyranometer and pyrheliometer calibration techniques was reviewed. The intercomparison of absolute cavity pyrheliometers is discussed. A round robin experiment performed to isolate various aspects of calibration methods suggests that a much more rigorous approach is required for calibrations of pyranometers to be employed in solar device testing. Tilt effects, ...

, & Muirhead, 1994). A musician with only one absolute pitch reference (e.g. A-440) and good relative pitch has- AP, names of pieces, and texts of songs. The popular term "perfect pitch" is misleading. Musicians frequency, or at perceiving small deviations in intonation, than other musicians (Bachem, 1954; Burns

Land-cover maps are often used to compute land-cover composition (i.e., the proportion or percent of area covered by each class), for each unit in a spatial partition of the region mapped. We derive design-based estimators of mean deviation (MD), mean absolute deviation (MAD), ...

This paper presents the capability of the neural networks as a computational tool for solving constrained optimization problem, arising in routing algorithms for the present day communication networks. The application of neural networks in the optimum routing problem, in case of packet switched computer networks, where the goal is to minimize the average ...

Axicon surfaces are widely used in nowadays optical engineering, requiring accurate metrology for these highly aspheric surfaces. In this contribution, we present a complete approach to determine the shape deviation of axicons in an absolute manner. The setup is an interferometric null configuration using a computer generated hologram (CGH) as null optics. ...

An apparatus is described for controlling the rotational speed of an internal combustion engine by employing a closed loop, comprising: a first means for producing first data indicative of a target engine speed; a second means for producing second data indicative of the actual engine speed at each instant; a deviation detecting means responsive to the first and second data for ...

We describe how to increase the accuracy ofthe most recent variants ofthe HEAT method for calculating atomization energies of molecules by means ofextremely simple empirical corrections that depend on stoichiometry and the number ofunpaired electrons in the molecule. Our corrections reduce the deviation from experiment for all the HEAT variants. In particular, our corrections ...

... Copt C Cave quality ... 1.0 q 0.0 Figure 4. Definition of a solution quality q by mapping the absolute values c, copt, and cave onto a normalized scale. ...

Dec 24, 2003 ... Our fabric evolves because of human interactions giving rise to ... It is relatively impervious to the influence of changes at the periphery, but not absolutely so. ... of language development towards abstraction should be paralleled in ... neural responses independently of linguistic environment. ...

This article describes the final refinements of a novel application of the transient hot-wire technique developed for the absolute, accurate measurements of the thermal conductivity of solids. Although the technique was originally developed five years ago, these new refinements allow a full understanding of the method and hence the performance of measurements with an ...

Abstract: This paper proposes a new approach to the well known Liu-Layland periodic scheduling problem. This approach proves that any justin-time sequence with maximum absolute deviation being less than one is in fact a periodic schedule. Consequently, periodic schedules can be obtained by any algorithm capable of generating just-in-time sequences with ...

The performance of several general gradient approximation, meta general gradient approximation, and hybrid functionals is tested against M�ller-Plesset perturbation theory second-order for ionic liquid systems. Additionally, two dispersion-corrected approaches (addition of van der Waals forces by a 1/r(6) term and employing a dispersion-corrected atom-center dispersion pseudopotential) were ...

Studies of sound localization use relative or absolute psychoacoustic paradigms. Relative tasks assess acuity by determining the smallest angle separating two sources that subjects can discriminate, the minimum audible angle (MAA), whereas absolute tasks measure subjects� abilities to indicate sound location. It is unclear whether or how measures from ...

A functional differential equation that arises from the classic theory of neural networks is considered. As the length of the absolute refractory period is varied, there is, as shown here, a super-critical Hopf bifurcation. As the ratio of the refractory period to the time constant of the network increases, a novel relaxation oscillation occurs. Some ...

New parallel algorithms for estimation of parameters of sinewave contaminated by noise are proposed. The problem of estimation is formulated as an optimization problem and solved by using the gradient descent method. Algorithms based on the least absolute value, the least-squares and the minimax (Chebyshev) criteria are developed and compared. The implementation of the ...

Geometrical inaccuracy of sheet metal parts due to the springback phenomenon is the reason for considerable efforts in tools and process development. Prediction of springback is a key issue to design the tools and control the process parameters in order to obtain close tolerances in the formed parts. The objective of this paper is to use simulation procedure coupled with ...

sorting system. Input signal X[n] is the recording from electrodes containing spikes from multiple neurons and n are the signal and noise standard deviations. The performance accuracy of a spike sorting system Based Feature Extractor for Spike Sorting Neural Signals," IEEE Conf. on Neural Engineering, pp. 490

We present the observation of electroweak single top-quark production using up to 3.2 fb{sup -1} of data collected by the CDF experiment. Lepton plus jets candidate events are classified by four parallel analysis techniques: one likelihood discriminant, one matrix-element discriminant, one decision-tree discriminant, and one neural-network discriminant. These outputs are ...

The permeation coefficient characterizes the ability of a chemical to penetrate the dermis, and the current study describes our efforts to develop structure-based models for the permeation coefficient. Specifically, we have integrated non-linear, quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models, genetic algorithms (GAs), and neural networks to develop a reliable ...

In this study, electromyography signals sampled from children undergoing orthodontic treatment were used to estimate the effect of an orthodontic trainer on the anterior temporal muscle. A novel data normalization method, called the correlation- and covariance-supported normalization method (CCSNM), based on correlation and covariance between features in a data set, is proposed to provide ...

Most of the methods forecasting the wind speed proposed so far are not universal and available only for specific area. In the present study, forecasting method of a time-series wind speed 24-hours ahead at any location in Japan was proposed, which was based on classified forecast models by wind conditions (called FCCM; Forecasting Method using Classified forecast Model). The model was structured ...

Enhancing transdermal delivery of insulin using chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) has several advantages over other non-traditional methods; however, lack of suitable predictive models, make experimentation the only alternative for discovering new CPEs. To address this limitation, a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model was developed, for predicting insulin permeation in ...

A method for comparing the cross-validated classification accuracy of Fisher's linear classification functions (FLCFs) and the least absolute deviation is presented under varying data conditions for the two-group classification problem. With this method, separate-group as well as total-sample proportions of current classifications can be compared for the ...

Here we report on absolute frequency measurements of a commercial high power CW diode-pumped solid-state laser (Coherent Verdi-V5). This kind of lasers usually presents large frequency jitter (up to 50 MHz) both in the short term (1 ms time scale) and in the long term (>10 s time scale). A precise measurement of absolute frequency ...

This paper discusses the reliance of numerical analysis on the concept of the standard deviation, and its close relative the variance. It suggests that the original reasons why the standard deviation concept has permeated traditional statistics are no longer clearly valid, if they ever were. The absolute mean ...

Data related to 11 y of high-energy photon radiotherapy beam dosimetry are presented and analysed. Dosimetric evaluations were carried out using water phantoms and thimble ionisation chambers and are part of the radiation protection regulatory licensing process for medicine facilities of Brazilian government. Measurements were done at reference conditions for a standard absorbed dose of 100 cGy ...

Deviations of the subjective visual vertical in the roll or fronto-parallel plane occur commonly in disorders of the brainstem and have been extensively explored. In contrast, little is known about deviations in other directions. The present retrospective study focused on deviations in the pitch (sagittal) direction in 176 patients ...

Aspheric optical surfaces are often tested using diffractive optics as null elements. For precise measurements, the errors caused by the diffractive optical element must be calibrated. Recently, we reported first experimental results of a three position quasi-absolute test for rotationally invariant aspherics by using combined-diffractive optical elements (combo-DOEs). Here we ...

Aspheric optical surfaces are often tested using diffractive optics as null elements. For precise measurements, the errors caused by the diffractive optical element must be calibrated. Recently, we reported first experimental results of a three position quasi-absolute test for rotationally invariant aspherics by using combined-diffractive optical elements (combo-DOEs). Here we ...

Density data as a function of temperature have been measured for Jatropha curcas seed oil, as well as biodiesel jatropha methyl esters at temperatures from above their melting points to 90 � C. The data obtained were used to validate the method proposed by Spencer and Danner using a modified Rackett equation. The experimental and estimated density values using the modified Rackett equation gave ...

The possibility of creating a new scheme of a laser-pumped quantum magnetometric device based on a double-beam M X magnetometer is considered. The proposed system ensures the simultaneous measurement of the modulus of the Earth's magnetic field vector (with an absolute accuracy of 0.02 nT) and two angles of deviation of this vector with an ...

A new absolute pressure measurement system based on the simultaneous measurement of length and ultrasonic transit times is described. The system was used to determine the transition pressure of pure mercury at 0 deg C at 7571.2 plus or minus 1.6 bars. It is particularly advantageous to use a device for calibrating secondary gauges such as manganin gauges inasmuch ...

Results are reported of an intercomparison of monochromatic radiant power measurement capabilities recently completed by 11 national laboratories. The intercomparison radiometers, distributed in pairs, included an amplifier with six decades of precision gain and one of two types of silicon photodiode (pn or np-type construction). Eleven of the laboratories measured the ...

The simultaneous measurement of length and transit time of a specimen under pressure was used to develop a new way of determining absolute high pressure. The mercury freezing point at 0 deg C was deterinined with this new method at 7571.2 plus or minus 1.6 bars. Accurate high-pressure calibration of secondary pressure gages such as manganin gages is possible with ...

Absolute /sup 239/Pu thermal fission yields are given for the stable and long-lived isotopes of krypton, rubidium, strontium, zirconium, xenon, cesium, barium, cerium, neodymium, and samarium. The principal measurement technique for the fission product isotopes was isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The number of fissions was established by summing the number of fission ...

The primary standard x-ray ionization chamber assembly designed in the Institute of Biophysics of the Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften is described. The necessary correction factors and their determination and the partly experimentally partly numerically determined deviations of different standard chambers are reported. The maximum error in the reproduction of ...

A recent paper by Facchi and Pascazio, in which the advantage of numerical evaluations of deviations from exponential decay was pointed out, makes a revisitation of the subject necessary. All the more, since the above-mentioned authors have not estimated the error bounds (being absolutely necessary in any calculation) for their results. On the contrary, ...

The alternate combinational approach of genetic algorithm and neural network (AGANN) has been presented to correct the systematic error of the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. It treats the DFT as a black box and models the error through external statistical information. As a demonstration, the AGANN method has been applied in the correction of the lattice energies ...

We present a simple Markov model of spiking neural dynamics that can be analytically solved to characterize the stochastic dynamics of a finite-size spiking neural network. We give closed-form estimates for the equilibrium distribution, mean rate, variance, and autocorrelation function of the network activity. The model is applicable to any network where ...

Previous studies have shown that the response properties of neural networks can be well described by a pairwise maximum entropy model (PMEM). The coupling constants in this model can be calculated from experimental data, but it is unknown how they would need to change to optimally encode different distributions of stimuli. To determine the optimal coupling constants for a ...

Cerebellar functions in two types of perceptual timing were assessed: the absolute (duration-based) timing of single intervals and the relative (beat-based) timing of rhythmic sequences. Continuous transcranial magnetic theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) was applied over the medial cerebellum and performance was measured adaptively before and after stimulation. A large and ...

Interference detection in Gaussian noise is proposed. It can be applied for easy detection and editing of interference lines in radio spectral line observations. One does not need to know the position of occurrence or keep track of interference in the band. By using statistical properties of N-channel Gaussian noise it is possible to differentiate interference from normal Gaussian noise. These ...

While the distribution of supernova absolute magnitudes at peak is often investigated, there was no systematic study of absolute light curve behavior near the inflection point. A type Ia supernova has the maximum of color B-V just near this point. And the maximum of this color corresponds to the minimum of photospheric temperature. So we could expect the ...

An absolute value was obtained for the isotopic abundance ratio of a reference sample of gallium (Standard Reference Material 994), using thermal-ionization mass spectrometry. Samples of known isotopic composition, prepared from nearly isotopically pure separated gallium isotopes, were used to calibrate the mass spectrometers. The resulting absolute ...

We present a compilation of experiments of absolute paleointensity using double heating protocols on very recent lava flows from Hawaii, La R�union, the Canary islands and Santorini. The existence of a sharp distribution of grain sizes carried by a single mineralogical phase always yielded successful determinations of paleointensity that deviate by less ...

A system is described for controlling the speed of a motor vehicle, comprising: means for actuating a member provided for regulating the amount of intake air introduced into an engine of the vehicle; means for detecting a speed of the vehicle and for generating a signal indicative of the detected vehicle speed; means for detecting a regulating position of the intake air regulating member; means ...

The authors measured bubble point pressures and coexisting liquid densities for two mixtures of R-134a and a polyolester (POE) lubricant. The mass fraction of the lubricant was approximately 9% and 12%, and the temperature ranged from 280 K to 355 K. The authors used the Elliott, Suresh, and Donohue (ESD) equation of state to model the bubble point pressure data. The bubble point pressures were ...

Values of measured and modeled diffuse UV erythemal irradiance (UVER) for all sky conditions are compared on planes inclined at 40 degrees and oriented north, south, east and west. The models used for simulating diffuse UVER are of the geometric-type, mainly the Isotropic, Klucher, Hay, Muneer, Reindl and Schauberger models. To analyze the precision of the models, some statistical estimators were ...

PEACH1 has presented an important new set of values of M1, the absolute magnitude of the first brightest member of a rich cluster of galaxies, derived from unpublished data of Sandage. The results show again the small spread found by Humason, Mayall and Sandage2, but Peach finds that the standard deviation of the new M1 values is smaller by a factor of 2.7 ...

Stereoscopic vision relies mainly on relative depth differences between objects rather than on their absolute distance in depth from where the eyes fixate. However, relative disparities are computed from absolute disparities, and it is not known where these two stages are represented in the human brain. Using functional MRI (fMRI), we assessed ...

We propose a simple set of hypotheses governing the deviations of the leptonic mapping matrix from the Harrison-Perkins-Scott (HPS) form. These deviations are supposed to arise entirely from a perturbation of the mass matrix in the charged lepton sector. The perturbing matrix is assumed to be purely imaginary (thus maximally T-violating) and to have a ...

In this study, the performances of artificial neural network (ANN) analysis and multilinear regression (MLR) model-based estimation of heart rate were compared in an evaluation of individual cognitive workload. The data comprised electrocardiography (ECG) measurements and an evaluation of cognitive load that induces psychophysiological stress (PPS), collected from 14 ...

The results of multiple investigations indicate visual motion�processing abnormalities in schizophrenia. There is little information, however, about the time course and neural correlates of motion-processing abnormalities among these subjects. For the present study, 13 schizophrenia and 13 healthy subjects performed a simple motion direction discrimination task with ...

The results of multiple investigations indicate visual motion-processing abnormalities in schizophrenia. There is little information, however, about the time course and neural correlates of motion-processing abnormalities among these subjects. For the present study, 13 schizophrenia and 13 healthy subjects performed a simple motion direction discrimination task with ...

The calibrated ground-based sky imager developed in the Marine Physical Laboratory, the Whole Sky Imager (WSI), has been tested to determine optical properties of the atmospheric aerosol. Different neural network-based models calculate the aerosol optical depth (AOD) for three wavelengths using the radiance extracted from the principal plane of sky images from the WSI as input ...

explanation has priority until absolutely disproved does not seem to us useful. It seems a better approach of a tendency for perennials to persist, either way disproving Table 1. Significant deviations of variance in science to consider all possi- ble explanations, to assess the prior likelihood of each, and to use

. To describe the spread of a distribution, we use a "robust standard126 deviation" or RSD. The RSD used is 1.48 times the median absolute devi-127 ation from the median (MAD). For a Gaussian distribution, the RSD and filter and recalculating conven-131 tional statistics on a second pass. However, the median and RSD

described in this study, relative standard deviations (RSD) of as much as 80-90% were observed. LabelingM) of the CC digest in mobile phase (0.1% FA in water) from the same sample vial. RSD values observed for absolute peak area of the individual peptides ranged from 15 to almost 90%. As RSD is especially poor

A correlation is presented for the extensive series of thermal conductivity measurements of binary methane-ethane mixtures. The composition dependences of the thermal conductivity in the dilute-gas region, dense-gas and liquid region, and critical region are discussed. The average absolute percentage deviation of the thermal conductivity surface as a ...

The Bridgman equation for thermal conductivity of liquids is examined and a relation between sonic velocity and latent heat of vaporization is given. A correlation based on the hole theory of liquids is presented. This correlation predicts thermal conductivity in the temperature range of -20/sup 0/ to +80/sup 0/C for 16 liquids, and at 20/sup 0/C for 50 liquids with an average ...

Practitioners frequently model failure times in reliability analysis via the Weibull distribution. Often risk of variability, the median absolute deviation (MAD) for the estimation of each of the parameters. We follow the same simulation strategy to get a final average estimate of the MAD as we do for the actual

For in situ recovery, a correlation has been developed for predicting the viscosity of bitumen and heavy oil. The correlation requires only a single viscosity measurement. The derived viscosities show an overall average absolute deviation of 4.4% from experimental data for 18 sets of Alberta heavy oil and bitumen containing 175 measurements. The paper ...

Methods were developed for quantitative analysis by X-ray diffraction of the oxides Al2O3, NiO, Cr2O3, CoO, and CoCr2O4 within a standard deviation of about 10 percent of the weight fraction reported or within 1 percent absolute. These error limits assume...

The measurement of the reactor resonance neutron flux in the keV range was discussed. A method was given for the study of the neutron spectrum which is based on the preliminary filtration of the flux by the /sup 10/B absorber. The measurement results were reported. The experimental data obtained indicated the deviation of the spectrum in the keV range from the I/E ...

Two Mercury autocode programs are described which reduce counting observations on two-component foils to estimates of the saturation activities of the two components. The programs apply calibration factors and corrections for counter efficiency, background, dead-time, finite irradiation, and decay, and reject observations which lie more than three standard deviations ...

with cloud fraction, where the points represent binned medians of all of the MBL cloud scenes in our database- tive measure of bulk cloud structure than cloud frac- tion. A sigmoidal fit to the median points is better than 0.015 in cloud fraction, and the average of the absolute deviation between all median points

This report introduces two robust statistics -- the fuzzy median and the fuzzy median absolute deviation from the median -- that have been developed for use with fuzzy data sets. The two statistics were applied to the fuzzy c-Means algorithm, a powerful c...

A functional relation is derived between the absolute linear velocity of the suspension point of a gyropendulum and the distance of the latter from the center of the earth. The relation is one of the necessary conditions for performing exact aperiodic transitions of a rotor axis for a gyropendulum resting on a moving base. The relationship is applied to the analysis of special ...

Samples from 22 depths at the Geosecs station were measured for carbon 13 independently at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Woods Hole Institution of Oceanography. The mean deviation between the two sets of data is -0.02 pH scale and the absolute d...

) variability (as estimated by the relative standard deviation rsd) is more than one of absolute values of the density, or the solar wind speed. We conclude that the structures with small variations (rsd structures with large variations (rsd > 20%) have a large Astrophysics and Space Science 277: 323�324, 2001

that are more than k median absolute deviations away from the plate median are hits. t-test against plate mean is the MAD. - t-test: uses MATLAB ttest2 command to determine if well mean is different from plate mean figures and results tables will appear in MATLAB workspace. 7. Results: For every file run, a heat map

of California, Berkeley Intel Labs Berkeley Presented by Bobby Brodbeck #12;Purpose To Develop and demonstrate a defense against poisoning techniques that manipulate data Tested against three poisoning schemes that show #12;Designing a Robust Defense against Boiling Frog Use maximized Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) instead

Flow regime identification for an adiabatic vertical co-current downward air-water two-phase flow in the 25.4 mm ID and the 50.8 mm ID round tubes was performed by employing an impedance void meter coupled with the neural network classification approach. This approach minimizes the subjective judgment in determining the flow regimes. The signals obtained by an impedance void ...

The basilar papilla (BP) is one of the three end organs in the frog inner ear that is sensitive to airborne sound. Its anatomy and physiology are unique among all classes of vertebrates. Essentially, the BP functions as a single auditory filter presumably arising from a mechanically-tuned mechanism. As such, both neural and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) ...

The real-time data of the continuous water quality monitoring station at the Pyeongchang river was analyzed separately during the rainy period and non-rainy period. Total organic carbon data observed during the rainy period showed a greater mean value, maximum value and standard deviation than the data observed during the non-rainy period. Dissolved oxygen values during the ...

In order to find the cortical neural activities that reflect musical processing, we conducted measurements of MEG responses while subjects listened to familiar melodies. Significant enlargement of the N1m peak was observed in the response to the endnote of a phrase that was deviated to out-of-key from the keynote. Equivalent current sources of the enlarged ...

Interpretation of 13C chemical shifts is essential for structure elucidation of organic molecules by NMR. In this article, we present an improved neural network approach and compare its performance to that of commonly used approaches. Specifically, our recently proposed neural network (J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 2000, 40, 1169-1176) is improved by ...

The COBE satellite, located in a 900 km orbit, gives two temperatures of the Penzias-Wilson microwave background: 2.730�0.001 K measured by the absolute spectrophotometer and 2.717�0.003 K calculated from the temperature of the dipole component (the 1st derivative of the monopole) measured by the differential radiometer. This deviation, 0.013 K, is 10 ...

A correlation for determining the density of CO/sub 2//crude-oil mixtures with engineering accuracy was developed. The correlation is based on the ideal-solution principle. Apparent liquid densities for CO/sub 2/ were correlated as a function of pseudoliquid system density and CO/sub 2/ concentration. In the final working correlation, the pseudoliquid system density is expressed as a function of ...

The ``correlation consistent Composite Approach'' or ccCA is an ab initio model chemistry based on the single reference MP2 level of theory. By adjusting the basis set and level of theory of the core valence additive correction, ccCA is capable of reliable thermochemical predictions of inorganic and organometallic transition metal-containing molecules, as well as achieving chemical accuracy on ...

Invariant recognition of objects depends on a hierarchy of cortical stages that build invariance gradually. Binocular disparity computations are a key part of this transformation. Cortical area V1 computes absolute disparity, which is the horizontal difference in retinal location of an image in the left and right foveas. Many cells in cortical area V2 compute relative ...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation between meteorological factors and Newcastle disease incidence, and to determine the key factors that affect Newcastle disease. Having built BP neural network forecasting model by Matlab 7.0 software, we tested the performance of the model according to the coefficient of determination (R2) and ...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation between meteorological factors and Newcastle disease incidence, and to determine the key factors that affect Newcastle disease. Having built BP neural network forecasting model by Matlab 7.0 software, we tested the performance of the model according to the coefficient of determination (R2) and ...

Categorization is the process by which the brain segregates continuously variable stimuli into discrete groups. We report that patterns of neural population activity in the owl optic tectum (OT) categorize stimuli based on their relative strengths into "strongest" versus "other." The category boundary shifts adaptively to track changes in the absolute ...

The on-line implementation and results from a hybrid short-term electrical load forecaster that is being evaluated by a power utility are documented in this paper. This forecaster employs a new approach involving a parallel neural-fuzzy expert system, whereby Kohonen`s self organizing feature map with unsupervised learning, is used to classify daily load patterns. ...

Measure of moisture content in iron ore concentrate has always been of great difficulty to the mining industry. Today there are no tools available for doing this with the accuracy needed. The purpose of this project is to predict the moisture content using neural networks. The goal has been to create a model that predicts the moisture content with an accuracy of 0.1%. ...

A general computing formula has been formulated for the measurement of surface temperature and the corresponding relation between the thermal value and the true temperature of infrared images according to the principles of thermal radiation and temperature measurement with infrared thermal imager. A least squares method and an improved neuralnetwork method have been developed to calculate the ...

levels of Gata2. Because Nestin-cre expression can be mosaic24 , our data do not rule out an absolute zone, a source of persistent neural progenitors, and the corpus callosum (Y.M. and D.H.R., unpublished have been described14,25 . Because the NesCre line26 is subject to mosaic expression, it was important

Time encoding is a formal method of mapping amplitude information into a time sequence. We shaw that under simple conditions, bandlimited stimuli encoded with an integrate-and-fire neuron with an absolute refractory period can be recovered loss-free from the neural spike train at its output. We provide an algorithm for perfect recovery and derive ...

perhaps causing a neural component of hearing loss as was suggested by Kie�ling et al. (1994). In order with increasing absolute threshold causing a larger scatter for severe hearing losses than for low to medium variable for a given amount of hearing loss? This variability could be caused by several factors: 1

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo test whether the ~20% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients exhibiting a clinically benign disease course also suffer minimal neural dysfunction as reflected by the global concentration of their MR marker - N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA).MATERIALS AND METHODSGlobal brain NAA amounts, Q_NAA, were obtained with non-localizing whole-head ...

BackgroundWax esters are important ingredients in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, lubricants and other chemical industries due to their excellent wetting property. Since the naturally occurring wax esters are expensive and scarce, these esters can be produced by enzymatic alcoholysis of vegetable oils. In an enzymatic reaction, study on modeling and optimization of the reaction system to increase the ...

and their parameters may also may be subject of the optimization. This paradigm is called relevance learning giving A of neurons i formally written as DA : D A. Each neuron i is associated with a pointer wi Rd also called judges the deviations of the prototype fuzzy labels from the fuzzy label of the data vectors: EFL

This article introduces a controller at structure of a network multi-layer neurons specified by the fuzzy reasoning of Takagi-Sugeno (TS) order one, the weights of the network represent the standard deviations of the membership function. This controller is applied to the ordering of a reversed pendulum. Changes in the entries and the exit, as of the environment changes of ...

This article introduces a controller at structure of a network multi-layer neurons specified by the fuzzy reasoning of Takagi-Sugeno (TS) order one [1], the weights of the network represent the standard deviations of the membership function. This controller is applied to the ordering of a reversed pendulum. Changes in the entries and the exit, as of the environment changes of ...

.FIGURE 2 Bias in responses induced by the cue. Across-subject mean and standard error in the differenceAcross-subject mean and standard error in the difference between responses with and without a cue.between responses-subject mean and standard error in the standard deviations observed with vs. withouterror in the standard

A wavelet neural network (WNN) model in quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) was developed for predicting solubility of 25 anthraquinone dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide over a wide range of pressures (70-770 bar) and temperatures (291-423 K). A large number of descriptors were calculated with Dragon software and a subset of calculated descriptors was ...

An artificial neural network (ANN) model for the prediction of measuring uncertainties in gamma-ray spectrometry was developed and optimized. A three-layer feed-forward ANN with back-propagation learning algorithm was used to model uncertainties of measurement of activity levels of eight radionuclides (226Ra, 238U, 235U, 40K, 232Th, 134Cs, 137Cs and 7Be) in soil samples as a ...

For optimal response selection, the consequences associated with behavioral success or failure must be appraised. To determine how monetary consequences influence the neural representations of motor preparation, human brain activity was scanned with fMRI while subjects performed a complex spatial visuomotor task. At the beginning of each trial, reward context cues indicated ...

Angiogenesis is a highly organized process under the control of guidance cues that direct endothelial cell (EC) migration. Recently, many molecules that were initially described as regulators of neural guidance were subsequently shown to also direct EC migration. Here, we report a novel protein, thrombospondin type I domain containing 7A (Thsd7a), that is a ...

During neural communication by means of action potentials, small electromagnetic (EM) fields are also generated. We use a three layered cortical neural network model to study the effects of EM fields and gap junctions on the spatio-temporal network activity. We try to address the possible role of these effects in synchronizing activity, a phenomenon which ...

We proposed a new approach to measure the rotational angle and describe how the rotational positioning sensor could be devised arranging the hetero-core fiber-optic macro-bending sensors in terms of detecting the absolute rotational angle. The hetero-core fiber optic sensor has many advantages such as ability of macro-bend sensing with optical intensity-based measurement, ...

We present high-accuracy measurements for wavelengths near 157 nm of the absolute index of refraction, the index dispersion, and the temperature dependence of the index for the ultraviolet optical materials with cubic symmetry: CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, and LiF. Accurate values of these quantities for these materials are needed for designs of the lens systems for F2 ...

Here we report on measurements of the absolute absorption spectra of dense rubidium vapour on the D1 line in the weak-probe regime for temperatures up to 170 �C and number densities up to 3 � 1014 cm?3. In such vapours, modifications to the homogeneous linewidth of optical transitions arise due to dipole�dipole interactions between identical atoms, in superpositions of ...

The deviation of feces is a very old and still largely applied technique used by general surgeons. Indications divide into elective and emergency operations. Among the elective cases, rectal carcinoma, extensive perianal fistulae and neurogenic disorders of the distal colon are the most common indications. In an emergency situation causes such as extensive peritonitis (e.g. ...

Statistics on Markov chains are widely used for the study of patterns in biological sequences. Statistics on these models can be done through several approaches. Central limit theorem (CLT) producing Gaussian approximations are one of the most popular ones. Unfortunately, in order to find a pattern of interest, these methods have to deal with tail distribution events where CLT is especially bad. ...

A free-volume and friction viscosity model is presented versus pressure and temperature, valid for both gaseous and dense fluids. This model involves only three adjustable parameters for each pure compound. It is able to represent the gas-liquid transition and the behavior in the supercritical conditions. The model has been successfully applied to methane (885 data points for 0.01< or =P< or ...

A free-volume and friction viscosity model is presented versus pressure and temperature, valid for both gaseous and dense fluids. This model involves only three adjustable parameters for each pure compound. It is able to represent the gas-liquid transition and the behavior in the supercritical conditions. The model has been successfully applied to methane (885 data points for 0.01<=P<=200 ...

Seasonal decomposition analyses were applied to the statistical evaluation of an oscillating activity for a plasma membrane NADH oxidase activity with a temperature compensated period of 24 min. The decomposition fits were used to validate the cyclic oscillatory pattern. Three measured values, average percentage error (MAPE), a measure of the periodic oscillation, mean average ...

Seasonal decomposition analyses were applied to the statistical evaluation of an oscillating activity for a plasma membrane NADH oxidase activity with a temperature compensated period of 24 min. The decomposition fits were used to validate the cyclic oscillatory pattern. Three measured values, average percentage error (MAPE), a measure of the periodic oscillation, mean average ...

We present the observation of electroweak single top-quark production using 3.2 fb{sup -1} of data collected by the CDF experiment. Candidate events are selected for further classification by four parallel analysis techniques: one likelihood discriminant, one matrix-element discriminant, one decision-tree discriminant, and one neural-network discriminant. These outputs are ...

We consider variable selection in the Cox regression model (Cox, 1975, Biometrika 362, 269-276) with covariates missing at random. We investigate the smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty and adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalty, and propose a unified model selection and estimation procedure. A ...

In the GaAs semiconductor laser balanced mixer heterodyne receiver of Abbas and Chan (1983), the photocurrent fluctuation due to local oscillator wave intensity noise was suppressed, but the absolute quantum noise level calibration was not clarified. In this paper, the results of experimental calibration of the quantum noise level were obtained using two different methods: ...

The Basic program described was designed for an IBM PC computer. The program converts tubing pressures to bottom hole conditions and uses a simplified solution that is as accurate as the more sophisticated methods available. It works for either dry gas or gas condensate wells. Input variables include: well depth; gas gravity; condensate API gravity and yield; tubing diameter; ...

The MPG-2 (Max-Planck-Gravimeter) is a transportable absolute gravimeter built on a classical free-fall scheme to measure the local gravity value. With significant improvements and further investigations in recent years, the standard deviation of the mean for a typical measurement over 12 h to 24 h is 1.0 �Gal to 3.0 �Gal (1 �Gal = 10?8 m s?2), and ...

The drift velocity in drift tubes of the CMS muon chambers is a key parameter for the muon track reconstruction and trigger. It needs to be monitored precisely in order to detect any deviation from its nominal value. A change in absolute pressure, a variation of the gas admixture or a contamination of the chamber gas by air affect the drift velocity. ...

The drift velocity in drift tubes of the CMS muon chambers is a key parameter for the muon track reconstruction and trigger. It needs to be monitored precisely in order to detect any deviation from its nominal value. A change in absolute pressure, a variation of the gas admixture or a contamination of the chamber gas by air affect the drift velocity. ...

Absolute cross sections were determined for several (d, alpha ) reactions. Thin targets were bombarded by a beam of 7.8-Mev deuterons which were collected iii a Faraday cup and measured by a current integrator. Product nuclei were separated chemically from extrancous activities. Absolute disintegration rates were deterniined by 4 The effects of ...

The range of validity of the average absolute extinction law (AAEL) proposed by Cardelli et al. (1988 and 1989) is investigated, combining published visible and NIR data with IUE UV observations for three lines of sight through dense dark cloud environments with high values of total-to-selective extinction. The characteristics of the data sets and the reduction and ...

A highly sensitive calorimeter has been developed for measuring the absolute energy of single laser pulses. The calorimeter, which consists of a solid volume absorber, a copper absorption cavity, and bismuth telluride thermocouples, is operated at room temperature with no vacuum window. The absorption of the laser energy in the calorimeter leads to a temperature increase of ...

The conventional quantum theory gives no real, that is, independent of the observer, natural description. If it is required that it must give an absolute reality of the natural phenomena at least in the macroscopic region, then the quantum theory must be changed. One possibility of that kind is discussed. A model of a quantum theory, which for small systems agrees ...

A digital compensation method to correct the line pressure induced errors in silicon differential pressure sensors is presented. This method uses dual sensors, namely, one differential pressure sensor and one absolute pressure sensor. The digital compensation technique requires data regarding output deviations of both sensors over varied differential ...

We propose a framework for comovements of asset prices with seemingly unrelated fundamentals, as an outcome of optimal portfolio strategies by fund managers. We model contagion in emerging markets where there are three types of investors�dedicated fund managers that are compensated based on their portfolios deviations from an emerging market index, opportunistic fund ...

Geomagnetic field is the basic physics field of the Earth, which can't be destroyed or changed in the foreseeable future. Geomagnetic field don't require special service, therefore, it can be considered as a solid source of navigation information. The key technologies of geomagnetic navigation are still looking for high accuracy mapping and high accuracy geomagnetic field measurement on board ...

It is shown that the phonon-drag component ?g of the electrical resistivity and the phonon-drag component Sg of the thermoelectric power of a metal are related through the equation ?g=Sg2T?L, where T and ?L are the absolute temperature and the lattice thermal conductivity, respectively. The relation is used to calculate the influence of phonon drag on the electrical ...

This paper reports the results of measurements of the densities for benzene + hexane using a high-pressure stainless steel pycnometer system at various temperatures between 298.15 and 473.15 K. The results were compared with those predicted by the Hankinson-Brobst-Thomson correlation (HBT) and the Spencer and Danner modified Rackett equation (SDR). The HBT equation showed an average ...

A new incremental approach to the computation of vertical excitation energies is presented. The method works based on the definition of a dominant occupied orbital where the excitation takes place (natural transition orbital) and by localizing the remaining occupied space. The use of a reduced two-body expansion leads to a linear number of terms to be computed. A series of benchmark calculations ...

A new incremental approach to the computation of vertical excitation energies is presented. The method works based on the definition of a dominant occupied orbital where the excitation takes place (natural transition orbital) and by localizing the remaining occupied space. The use of a reduced two-body expansion leads to a linear number of terms to be computed. A series of benchmark calculations ...

Neurons are noisy elements. Noise arises from both intrinsic and extrinsic sources. In this paper, we numerically study the effect of a particular kind of colored non-Gaussian noise (NGN), mainly of its deviation q from Gaussian noise, on the collective firing in bidirectionally coupled deterministic Hodgkin-Huxley neurons. It is found that the coefficient of variation (CV), ...

Neurons are noisy elements. Noise arises from both intrinsic and extrinsic sources. In this paper, we numerically study the effect of a particular kind of colored non-Gaussian noise (NGN), mainly of its deviation q from Gaussian noise, on the collective firing in bidirectionally coupled deterministic Hodgkin-Huxley neurons. It is found that the coefficient of variation (CV), ...