Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission. ARCADE Launching 2001 ARCADE logo. The Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, ...

... Accession Number : AD0771216. Title : A Simple Method for Measuring Absolute Diffuse Reflectance with a Laboratory Spectrophotometer. ...

CONTENTSIntroduction � 1. The group of admissible transformations for measures corresponding to diffusion processes � 2. The absolute continuity of distributions of functionals References

A method is developed for measuring the absolute diffuse reflectance of the reference standard used in making relative diffuse reflectance measurements with an integrating sphere spectrophotometer. No extra experimental set up, such as a second integratin...

The program is reported, which was designed to define the membrane technology of the vapor diffusion

... An AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT MAY BE DEFINED WHEN THERE IS NO MAGNETIC FIELD PRESENT AND THE PLASMA ...

Defines different kinds of inequalities including linear, rational, polynomial, and ones involving absolute values.

density at absolute zero and at temperature T; AH is the activation .... The components of alloys ordinarily diffuse at unlike rates. ...

... with μ the chemical potential for vacancy diffusion. The Helmholtz free energy � , specific entropy η , and absolute temperature θ are related by ...

... force measurements on cells with and without transference, vapor pressure data (relative and absolute), ultracentrifuge measurements, diffusion ...

Mass and thermal diffusivity measurements conducted on Earth are prone to contamination by uncontrollable convective contributions to the overall transport. Previous studies of mass and thermal diffusivities conducted on spacecraft have demonstration the gain in precision, and lower absolute values, resulting from the reduced ...

A procedure for defining diffusion coefficients from Monte Carlo calculations that results in suitable ones for use in neutron diffusion theory calculations is not readily obtained. This study provides a survey of the methods used to define diffusion coef...

The most important step in the pyrometallurgical reprocessing is the electrorefining in molten chlorides. In this step, spent metal fuel is anodically dissolved into LiCl-KCl eutectic melt, and the actinides are selectively recovered at the cathodes due to the differences among the redox potentials of the elements, while fission products remain in the anode and in the electrolyte salt. The ...

We investigate the effect of diffusion (?) on chemical production in a 2D turbulent flow using ensembles of direct numerical simulations (DNS). Assuming an infinitely fast chemistry between two initially unmixed reactants, the problem simplifies to studying the mean absolute value of the passive tracer ? defined as the difference ...

... (a) Absolute thresholds on many ... Therefore, a redetermination of threshold values that define the ... d. Discontinuities in Level and Formant Position. ...

... of the reaction rate (defined as the absolute difference between the two reaction rates divided by the rate of photocatalysis alone) imparted by the ...

... the square root of the mean number of centers in resonance. To be precise, defining the ... absorption profile scaling in absolute magnitude as ,/N,. ...

... The fire that resulted from the tremors was devastating. ... security is absolutely an essential element before true progress is made. In the case of ...

... q, can be defined by - r , where 7 is absolute vorticit- on potential temperaure surfaces. Moist potential vorticity. q., is defined using equivalent ...

... Non-linear diffusion is defined within the framework of Fick's laws where the ... It is further shown that the history dependent diffusion law needs to be ...

Page 1. IO A Diffusion on a Fractal State Space La LO Nby ... Page 2. A Diffusion Defined on A Fractal State Space William Bernard Krebs ...

THE DIFFUSION OF RADON SHAPE Victor M. Panaretos University of California, Berkeley Abstract Almost the action of a Brownian motion in SO(2). We term the thus defined diffusions Radon diffusions and derive of angular central Gaussian distributions. In addition, we discuss how these Radon ...

The different magnetic helicities conserved under conditions of perfect electrical conductivity are expressions of the fundamental property that every evolving fluid surface conserves its net magnetic flux. This basic hydromagnetic point unifies the well known Eulerian helicities with the Lagrangian helicity defined by the conserved fluxes frozen into a prescribed set of ...

The Mike-Farmer (MF) model was constructed empirically based on the continuous double auction mechanism in an order-driven market, which can successfully reproduce the cubic law of returns and the diffusive behavior of stock prices at the transaction level. However, the volatility (defined by absolute return) in the MF model does not ...

Binocular detection of brief light flashes is presented under various conditions of both absolute and relative disparity, where absolute disparity is defined in terms of the relative locus of the images on the retinas of each eye and relative disparity in terms of the difference between the absolute disparity of ...

The investigation deals with a new method of surface diffusion determination. The inter-diffusion of copper in iron is studied in a direct way by measuring a clearly defined mass of copper in iron is studied in a direct way by measuring a clearly defined ...

A number of experiments have been performed on the properties of propane diffusion flames at relatively low fuel flow rates and using a variety of burner types. Optical methods were used to observe the flame and plume above it. We have studied the transition from a steady flame, with a plume exhibiting a helical instability at low flow rates, to an axisymmetric instability of ...

We derive a simple relationship between the values and exercise boundaries of American puts and calls. The relationship holds for options with the same "moneyness", although the absolute level of the strike price and underlying may differ. The result holds in both the Black Scholes model and in a more general diffusion setting. We thank Neil Chriss, the ...

... (2-4) diffusion at temperatures above half the absolute melting temperature ... (5) fore it surmounts a barrier(. Since E changes with temperature it will ...

Apr 18, 2008 ... DIRBE (Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment) - Infrared absolute sky brightness maps in the wavelength range 1.25 to 240 microns were ...

is increasing, so more particles are flowing backwards than forwards. D is the diffusivity. This is a constant which indicates how rapidly particles diffuse in this medium. Note that D is a constant because particle that is diffusing. At each tiny time step, it moves left or right. Let's define a random variable

The report presents a statistical evaluation of the response modification factor for reinforced concrete structures. The response modification factor R is defined as the ratio of the absolute maximum linear elastic base shear to the absolute maximum nonli...

In this paper we resolve in the affirmative a question of Heinonen on the absolute continuity of quasisymmetric mappings defined on subsets of Euclidean spaces. The main ingredients in the proof are extension results for quasisymmetirc mappings and metric...

High-energy ion-beam analysis has several desirable features for depth profiling of diffusion couples. The technique is nondestructive, it offers depth resolutions in the range 0.01 to 1 mu m, and absolute measurements of both concentration and depth are ...

Experiments have been performed in the Wisconsin Levitated Octupole with a weak toroidal magnetic field added to the octupole field. When the ions were collisionless or collisional, the diffusion scaling observed in the absolute minimum-B regions indicate...

Submersible diffuser for a hydroelectric power plant includes chambers defined in its lateral wall and which can be filled with water to sink the diffuser or with gas to float it; additionally, the diffuser has lateral rollers. The hydroelectric power plant is provided with guide surfaces positioned adjacent to the ...

The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of cerebellar degenerative disorders, characterized by progressive gait unsteadiness, hand incoordination, and dysarthria. The mutational mechanism in SCA1, a dominantly inherited form of SCA, consists of an expanded trinucleotide CAG repeat. In SCA1, there is loss of Purkinje cells, neuronal loss in dentate nucleus, olives, ...

Highly accurate reaction rate constants may be extracted from data obtained in well-developed (laminar or turbulent) diffusive flow over a wide range of experimental conditions. In many cases, data obtained in the core of such a flow may be treated as if the flow were one dimensional, leaving only a small correction for radial diffusion. This correction ...

Several small-scale studies have reported pulmonary toxicity among patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy, though whether the use of rituximab predisposes to interstitial pneumonia (IP) remains unclear. This retrospective study was intended to identify the characteristics and risk factors of IP in patients with DLBCL. ...

... system is defined as started when the expanded free jet boundary of the nozzle attaches to the diffuser wall such that the cell pressure becomes a ...

The program is reported, which was designed to define the membrane technology of the vapor diffusion water recovery process and to test this technology using commercially available or experimental membranes. One membrane was selected, on the basis of the ...

the eddy thickness diffusivity coefficient, K , defined by Gent and McWilliams ( 1990) ... from the theory of adiabatic mixing of isopycnal layer thickness. ...

Depletion region and diffusion region thicknesses are defined and the ..... 8. Charge collected in depletion and diffusion arrays is combined for the total ...

... The Peclet number is the ratio between the advection and the diffusion, which can be defined as ... is the grid spacing. Solving the one-dimensional advection-diffusion problem results in the following ex...

The results of studies of diffusion welding of titanium to titanium, titanium to nickel and titanium to copper are presented. Optimum welding regimes are defined on the basis of the studies cited. (Author)

Jun 16, 2011... saturation point, which defines the upper limit applied by the diffusion theory. Keywords: Desorption, inverse method, moisture, wood ...

... Army must define its professional absolutes by ... beyond maintaining assumed values and relying ... ARMY TRAINING, *ETHICS, DECISION MAKING ...

Defines quadratic equations and explains how to solve equations involving radicals, polynomials with a degree higher than two, fractional expressions and absolute values.

For the roughness data calculated from the AFM scans, the mean roughness for an image,. Ra, was defined as the arithmetic average of the absolute values of ...

... ranges of motion, which include comfort and absolute ... defined by an anchorage point, design eye point ... line of sight (LOS), seat parameters, head ...

It is commanded in either absolute moves (e.g, go forward three wheel spins) or in an xy coordinate system defined around the lander (e.g., go to waypoint ...

Substantive change: define step 6 as absolute evaluation of ..... Red/Yellow/ Green metrics were applied to specific data rate values on the threshold filter ...

circum- ference (adults). 8 BMI is defined as weight in kilograms divided by height, in meters, squared. For adults, weight status is based on the absolute BMI level (fig. 2)....

In the context of continuous wave fluorescence-enhanced diffuse optical tomography, we show that the reconstructed fluorescence depends on the local diffusion coefficient and demonstrate that the a priori knowledge of specific optical parameters may lead to the reconstruction of absolute quantification of the fluorophore distribution. ...

Rationale: American Thoracic Society guidelines state that a 10% or greater intersession change in diffusing capacity of the lung (Dl_CO) should be considered clinically significant. However, little is known about the short-term intersession variability in Dl_CO in untrained subjects or how variability is affected by rigorous ...

The diffusion coefficients for xenon in silver were determined at 500, 600, 700, 735, and 800 C. The logarithm of the diffusion coefficient is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature. The measured values of the coefficients can be expressed by equation: D/sub Xe = 0.036 exp (-37,500/RT) cm/ sup 2//sec. Thus, the ...

Absolute cancer risk is the probability that an individual with given risk factors and a given age will develop cancer over a defined period of time. In collaboration with investigators in the NCI's Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), staff of the Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Branch (RFMMB) are developing statistical models to ...

This information about geologic time and the geologic time scale defines the terms relative time (chronostratic) and absolute time (chronometric). Relative time can be thought of as the physical subdivisions of rock found in the Earths stratigraphy and absolute as the measurements taken upon those to determine the actual time that has ...

A bipartite graph G with vertex sets V sub 1 and V sub 2 is defined to be Hamilton laceable if: (a) absolute value V sub 1 = absolute value V sub 2 and for every p as an element of V sub 1 and q as an element of V sub 2 , or else (b) absolute value V sub ...

Patterns are defined to be stable stationary nonconstant solutions of the equations of reaction and diffusion. Several approaches are used to show the existence (or nonexistence) of patterns depending on one variable and defined on the entire real line. F...

Apr 30, 2007 ... is an XML way to define a list of points and have ... (Optional - default=0) defines an absolute altitude to offset the entire ...

... 3-Methyl-α-himachalene confirmed, and the relative stereochemistry defined, by synthesis as the sex pheromone of ... Lutzomyia longipalpis from Lapinha, Brazil, and the absolute stereochemistry defined as...

A procedure for defining diffusion coefficients from Monte Carlo calculations that results in suitable ones for use in neutron diffusion theory calculations is not readily obtained. This study provides a survey of the methods used to define diffusion coefficients from deterministic calculations ...

... This imaginary plane will be of the order of one ambipolar diffusion length away from the contacts; this plane defines the "contact region. " ...

... that generalizes the familiar Gaussian kernel for ... 0. This mapping defines a local coordinate system on M called normal coordinates, under which ...

The multigroup neutron diffusion equation with defined boundary conditions is solved by an iterative method using Tschebyscheff polynomials. The solution is also presented for the one-group diffusion equation by a primary and a dual variational methods. T...

Non-linear diffusion is defined within the framework of Fick's laws where the diffusion coefficient, D, is a function of penetrant concentration, temperature and stress. It is also recognized that these same parameters are contained in a memory dependent ...

The problem concerned with the correct definition of the homogenized diffusion coefficient of a lattice, and the concurrent problem of whether or not a homogenized diffusion equation can be formally set up, is studied by a space-energy angle dependent tre...

. Everything, including water, is subject to diffusion. Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion. OsmosisLABORATORY #3 -- BIOL 111 Osmosis One of the most obvious and prominent processes in the universe is diffusion, which is defined as "the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area

The multigroup photon diffusion equations are derived from the Boltzmann equation. Limitations and assumptions imposed by the diffusion equation are thus apparent. In addition, this approach serves to define all of the required diffusion parameters in ter...

combustion modes. For a fully premixed flame, the flame index is unity and for diffusion flames, the #12;DNS of oxidizer concentration, which results in premixed combustion. Then due to lack of fuel, diffusion.2. Averaged results The averaged evaporation, premixed and diffusion combustion source terms are defined

The near field lift-off phenomena associated with jet diffusion flames were investigated. Lift-off is defined as the instant when the luminous flame zone detaches from the burner exit, stabilizing itself downstream. The lift-off of the jet diffusion flame...

A combination bipolar plate/diffuser fuel cell component includes an electrically conducting solid material having: a porous region having a porous surface; and a hermetic region, the hermetic region defining at least a portion of at least one coolant channel, the porous region defining at least a portion of at least one reactant ...

A combination bipolar plate/diffuser fuel cell component includes an electrically conducting solid material having: a porous region having a porous surface; and a hermetic region, the hermetic region defining at least a portion of at least one coolant channel, the porous region defining at least a portion of at least one reactant ...

A renormalized Feynman amplitude expressed in the ?-parameters is defined by introducing a subtraction operator acting directly upon the ?-integrand. Different forms of this subtraction operator are discussed. We define the isotropic and nonisotropic normal products and we give a more general oversubtraction rule which ensures both the ...

We present a modified version of the Fusion by Diffusion (FBD) model aimed at describing the synthesis of superheavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions, in which a low excited compound nucleus emits only one neutron. The modified FBD model accounts for the angular momentum dependence of three basic factors determining the evaporation residue cross section: the capture cross ...

Lower crustal xenoliths often contain U-bearing accessory minerals (titanite, apatite, rutile) with a range of closure temperatures for Pb-diffusion (~400-700 �C). These minerals record a time-temperature path which can be then be related to the thermal history of the underlying lithosphere mantle from igneous crystallization through multiple periods of metamorphism and ...

The local carbon diffusion coefficient was measured in the S - 1 spheromak by detecting the radial spread of injected carbon impurity. The radial impurity density profile is determined by the balance of ionization and diffusion. Using measured local electron temperature T/sub e/ and density n/sub e/, the ionization rate is determined from which the ...

Using compartmental analysis methods, a mathematical basis is given for the measurement of absolute and fractional cardiac output with diffusible tracers. Cardiac output is shown to be the product of the blood volume and the sum of the rate constants of tracer egress from blood, modified by a factor reflecting transcapillary ...

, CA -- View from 5 AU Calibration of measurement of diffuse backgrounds � Case study: EBL measured Irvine, CA -- View from 5 AU Calibration of measurement of diffuse backgrounds � Case study: EBL measured Bernstein Irvine, CA -- View from 5 AU Calibration of measurement of diffuse backgrounds � Case study: EBL

Literature data for anion diffusion in compacted swelling clays contain systematic inconsistencies when the results of through-diffusion tests are compared with those of out-diffusion or tracer profile analysis. In the present work we investigated whether these inconsistencies can be explained by taking into account heterogeneities in ...

... 1. a lean premix gas-fired stationary combustion turbine as defined in...oil-fired stationary combustion turbine as defined in this... 3. a diffusion flame gas-fired stationary combustion turbine as defined in...

This paper describes the Transient Gamma- Ray Spectrometer (TGRS) to be flown on board the WIND spacecraft. This instrument is designed to detect cosmic {gamma}-ray bursts over the energy range 20 keV to 10 MeV with an expected spectroscopic resolution of 2 keV at 1 MeV (E/{Delta}E = 500). The active detection element is a 215 cm{sup 3} high purity n-type Ge crystal cooled to cryogenic ...

The authors describe the Transient Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (TGRS) to be flown onboard the WIND spacecraft. This instrument is designed to detect cosmic gamma-ray bursts over the energy range of 20 keV to 10 MeV with an expected spectroscopic resolution of 2 keV at 1 MeV (E/Delta-E = 500). The active detection element is a 215-cu cm high-purity n-type Ge crystal cooled to cryogenic temperatures by a ...

Green-emissive textured Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor films were fabricated by the thermal diffusion of ZnO:Mn on quartz glass. The Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor films became textured along several hexagonal directions and their chemical composition was continuously graded at the interface. The decay time of Mn2+ was as short as 4.4 ms, and the optical transition probability of the films ...

Despite the use of modern immunochemotherapy regimens, almost 50% of patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma will relapse. Current prognostic models, including the International Prognostic Index, incorporate patient and tumor characteristics. In contrast, recent observations show that variables related to host adaptive immunity and the tumor microenvironment are ...

We have carried out an optical observational program to study the global structure, physical state, and dynamics of the `Diffuse Ionized Medium' (`DIM') in a sample of the nearest and brightest late-type galaxies. We show that the structural properties of the DIM can be reasonably unified as a function of relative surface brightness (i.e. absolute surface ...

Low BRDF value is widespread used in many critical domains such as space and military fairs. These values below 0.1 Sr-1 . So the Absolute realization of these value is the most critical issue in the absolute measurement of BRDF. To develop the Absolute value realization theory of BRDF , defining an arithmetic ...

We study the consequences of negative differential electron mobility in FETs using the field model and the gradual channel approximation. We find that the FET may show convective or absolute instability. The fluctuations growths is governed by diffusion l...

Changing angles of incidence and emission while collecting diffuse reflectance spectra of Vesta relevant materials can affect the band center positions, depth, area, absolute reflectance, and spectral slope.

Spatial frequency characteristics (SFC) and the scattering functions were studied in the two cases of a uniform horizontal layer with absolutely black bottom, and an isolated layer. The mathematical model for these examples describes the horizontal hetero...

The scaling for the ignition of beam plasma discharge observed in many laboratory experiments is consistent with the requirement for triggering an absolute instability near the plasma frequency (omega sub e). The transition in the scaling with pressure can be attributed to transition from Bohm to classical diffusion losses.

The transport properties of the electrons in GaAs have been investigated; i.e., the absolute value of the electron drift velocity, the diffusion coefficient, and the trapping cross-section has been measured for the first time as a function of the electric...

The performance of a Coherent Laser Radar is determined by the statistics of the coherent Doppler signal. The heterodyne efficiency is an excellent indication of performance because it is an absolute measure of beam alignment and is independent of the tra...

Models � Open symbols: resolved sources (galaxy counts) � Filled: absolute photometry #12;GLAST LAT Project. 2001) � IRST (Matsumoto et al. 2005) � Foregrounds � diffuse Galactic light (DGL), stars, zodiacal

The objectives of this program were to develop and apply an absolute method for determining radon emissions from uranium tailings. Briefly, 226Ra and 222Rn (214Pb) concentration gradients as a function of depth were measured in situ by gamma-ray spectrome...

The minerals zircon and monazite are often used for absolute dating by the lead method. However, the growth ciphers determined by the concentration of mother and daughter products of radioactive decay in these minerals often differ. The reason for such a ...

Contents: Polywater, is it Silica Sol; A note concerning the interaction of two growing water droplets; UMR absolute aitken nuclei counter, developments since 1967 and operating procedure; Thermal-diffusion chambers as cloud-nuclei counters; On the operat...

Resorption of N2 bubbles was measured in vitro in moving streams of saline, red cells suspended in saline, plasma, or whole blood. The absolute volume of the bubble was determined every 4 min by a compression technique. The diffusion characteristics are d...

12. de Vaucouleur, G.: Optique Moleculaire - sur la diffusion moleculaire de la lumiere par les gaz et l'absorption atmospheric. Academie des Sciences - Compt. ...

A requirement for neutrino telescope is the ability to resolve point sources of neutrinos. In order to understand its resolving power a way to perform absolute angular calibration with muons is required. Muons produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere offer an abundant calibration source. By covering a surface vessel with 200 modules of 5 m2 plastic scintillator a surface air ...

We have carried out a study of the bone marrow status in both irradiated and non-irradiated zones of 56 patients with stage I-II Hodgkin's disease in complete 9-12 (33 patients, group 1) and 18-23 (23 patients, group 2) year remission after therapeutic irradiation of the supradiaphragmatic lymphatic collectors at a dose of 40 Gy with irradiation of the spleen (33 patients) or splenectomy (23 ...

-free emission. The Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE) will measure T 3 mK at 2 GHz. Measurements at long wavelengths thus probe the thermal history of the universe > 103 ) could also create a chemical potential distortion. 2 ARCADE Instrument The Absolute Radiometer

Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ A dissertation submitted. Sourmail in the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, between May 2003 energy for self-diffusion in iron r Constant R Gas constant t Time T Absolute temperature Tm Absolute

We consider reaction-diffusion instabilities in a flow reactor whose cross-section slowly expands with increasing longitudinal coordinate (cone shaped reactor). Due to deceleration of the flow in this reactor, the instability is convective near the inlet to the reactor and absolute at the downstream end. In sustained regimes the two regions are separated ...

The size of the anisotropic domains in a lyotropic liquid crystal is estimated using a new protocol for diffusion NMR. Echo attenuation decays are recorded for different durations of the displacement-encoding gradient pulses, while keeping the effective diffusion time and the range of the wave vectors constant. Deviations between the sets of data appear if ...

The multigroup photon diffusion equations are derived from the Boltzmann equation. Limitations and assumptions imposed by the diffusion equation are thus apparent. In addition, this approach serves to define all of the required diffusion parameters in terms of cross sections; the relationship to the multi-band ...

In this investigation, the formulation of trajectory coordinate constraints in terms of the absolute coordinates is developed for the use in the computer simulations of railroad vehicle system applications. Examples of trajectory coordinate constraints are the specified forward velocity of a vehicle or a wheelset along a curved track or specified yaw angle of a vehicle or a ...

of a filtered vector space inherits a na* *tural filtration: if S V , then we define Si = S \\ V i, and if V an "object" = 1 + 2; is not a filtration of V , but we can still define deg V = deg1 V + deg2 V and V semistability o* *f slope 0. Faltings defined a Harder-Narasimhan filtration on filtered isocrystals so t

filtration F and with a local time at zero L = (L t ) t#0 . Define the change of time # t = inf{s > 0 : L] define a jumping filtration F to be a filtration such that there exists a sequence of stopping times (Tn is honest, we let F L be the filtration defined by F L t = {# : # = (A # {L > t}) # (B # {L # t}) for some A

Many researchers are "looking" for "the" electron diffusion region layers with in situ data. Some publish papers about the statistics of such regions operationally "defined" to be electron diffusion regions, pending contradiction. Theorists also use a variety of recipes to identify diffusion regions in their ...

We obtain a non-linear generalization of the relativistic diffusion. We discuss diffusion equations whose non-linearity is a consequence of quantum statistics. We show that the assumptions of the relativistic invariance and an interpretation of the solution as a probability distribution substantially restrict the class of admissible non-linear ...

Grain boundary migration is key to materials microstructural processes such as grain growth and recrystallization. Quantitative boundary dynamic data is difficult to obtain, yet important for quantitative prediction of microstructural evolution and understanding migration fundamentals. Our molecular dynamics simulations first focus on curvature driven grain boundary migration to extract the ...

When a contractive map is forced by a chaotic discontinuous system, the asymptotic response function that defines the attracting invariant set can be highly irregular. In this context, it is natural to ask whether the invariant distributions of the base and factor systems share the same characteristics and in particular, whether the factor distribution of an ...

Time can never be measured directly. Time is calculated from changed lengths and angles by using all clocks. In addition, an atomic absolute clock and an atomic absolute telemeter have a contradictory relation to depend on each other. Of course, there is no absolute time. The time of all clocks are changed by energy states such as ...

This dissertation examines the intrafirm diffusion of technology by studying the diffusion of robots in automobile-producing firms. Intrafirm diffusion is comprised of various sub-diffusion processes which are defined by levels of diffusion in different production segments ...

We investigated the thermal diffusion phenomena of a rodlike mutant filamentous fd-Y21M virus in the isotropic phase by means of an improved infrared thermal-diffusion-forced Rayleigh scattering (IR-TDFRS) setup optimized for measurements of slowly diffusing systems. Because this is the first thermal diffusion ...

Diffusion of the daughter products of radioactive decay schemes from a mineral will be manifested in a pattern of discrepant age measurements. The theory of daughter product diffusion is examined in detail, and developed in graphical form. U, Th-bearing minerals frequently exhibit the discrepant pattern Pb 207 /Pb 206 age > Pb 207 /U 238 age > Pb ...

The coefficient of mutual diffusion and the two coefficients of self- diffusion of aqueous solutions of sucrose from 0 to 2.5 M were measured at 25 deg C. The results indicate that the self-diffusion is caused, in part, by the water - water and sucrose - sucrose exchange, and also to the water- sucrose exchange which contributes, ...

To reveal the reason of asymmetry of the diffusion permeability of bi-layer electrodialysis membranes the following problems have been solved using the model of "homogeneous porous membrane": - diffusion of non-electrolyte solutions across a bi-layer membrane; - diffusion of electrolyte solutions across a non-charged bi-layer membrane; ...

A systematic approach to the problem of defining effective scattering cross sections for neutron diffusion equations is presented. In the authors' analysis, anisotropic scattering of the second order is assumed for the onespeed transport equation, and criterion of preserving both the diffusion length and the total absorption ...

A new approach is described for the analysis of lateral diffusion in biological membranes. It is shown that a suitably defined first moment of the concentration distribution on a spherical surface decays as a single exponential with a relaxation rate proportional to the diffusion coefficient and inversely proportional to the square of ...

The diffusion length of the minority carriers of a solar cell defines the appropriate technology which should be applied for the solar cell fabrication. Back surface techniques only pay off if the diffusion length is long enough. Monocrystalline material with different lifetime killing defects was investigated and an experimental ...

Explains how Hewlett-Packard creates supply chain management innovations and effectively diffuses new technologies. Outlines how performance technologists help accelerate the diffusion and adoption of innovations by modifying innovations, define the client adoption path, create resources to lead clients through adoption, and improve ...

for the front locations, and no use of ghost cells near the front. In either case, the diffusion step defines of diffused mass to the two closest grid cells which lie on each side of the center of the layer. In order #12;namely xi and xi+1. We add to these cells the mass diffused from the other side n+1 i = n+1 i + ...

An absolute parameter is introduced to define the degree of development of nuclear emulsions. The values of the index for Ilford C2 and K2 emulsions are compared when both emulsions are developed at the same temperature for the same time. (auth)

Abstract. In [1], a filtration by ramification groups and its logarithmic version are defined on the absolute Galois group of a complete discrete valuation field without assuming that the residue field is perfect. In this paper, we study the graded pieces of these filtrations and show that they are abelian except possibly in the ...

A test technique has been devised which is suitable for the testing of the bond strength of batch diffusion bonded LIGA or DXRL defined structures. The method uses a torsion tester constructed with the aid of LIGA fabrication and distributed torsion speci...

A physical background is presented for a computer program which calculates the thermal neutron diffusion parameters for homogeneous mixtures of any compounds. The macroscopic absorption, scattering and transport cross section of the mixture are defined wh...

A theoretical study was made to characterize and explain the activity, stability, and selectivity of immobilized enzymes when affected by pore diffusion limitation. Several moduli were defined and used as criteria for whether the activity of immobilized e...

The research project was undertaken with the overall objective of better defining the oxygen transfer performance, operation and maintenance (O and M) requirements, and proper design approaches for ceramic fine bubble dome and disc diffuser aeration syste...

The thermodynamic limit of the semigroup, defining an evolution in the infinite zero density system of interacting diffusing particles, is constructed in a Banach space of sequences of bounded functions for positive definite potential from C exp 3. (Atomi...

This research project was initiated with the overall objective of better defining the oxygen transfer performance, operation and maintenance (O&M) requirements, and proper design approaches for fine bubble dome diffuser aeration systems used in activated sludge wastewater treatme...

The research project was undertaken with the overall objective of better defining the oxygen transfer performance, operation and maintenance (O and M) requirements, and proper design approaches for ceramic fine bubble dome and disc diffuser aeration systems used in activated slud...

Different ways of defining (anisotropic) homogenized diffusion coefficients for lattice cells are discussed. It is demonstrated that - contrary to statements made in the literature - in the case of an infinite lattice, a unique definition is possible, whi...

This specification defines the requirements for the Intermediate-Size Inducer Pump (ISIP), which is to be made by replacing the impeller of the FFTF Prototype Pump with a new inducer, impeller, diffuser, seal, and necessary adapter hardware. Subsequent te...

A comprehensive study of the pressure dependence of the separation efficiency ratio for separating neon isotopes by gaseous diffusion through well-defined capillary and parallel plate geometries has been made. This study was made to investigate the accura...

Although a high ATP diffusion rate implies homogeneous distribution of the principal energetic currency in the cytosol, local diffusion barriers represented by macromolecular structures can render ATP concentrations to be inhomogeneous. A method is presented here that provides apparent diffusion coefficient values in local ...

Although a high ATP diffusion rate implies homogeneous distribution of the principal energetic currency in the cytosol, local diffusion barriers represented by macromolecular structures can render ATP concentrations to be inhomogeneous. A method is presented here that provides apparent diffusion coefficient values in local ...

The fundamental process, defining the transformation in iron alloys and consequently their structure, is carbon diffusion and alloying elements in ferrite and austenite. Results of the processes, during heating and cooling (formation and disintegration of...

The purpose of the study was two-fold: irst, to define the efficiency of various methods of cleaning fine pore diffusers and, second, to develop a methodology that could be used to evaluate the efficiency of the cleaning techniques. irty fine pore domes from the North Texas Munic...

The purpose of the study was two-fold: First, to define the efficiency of various methods of cleaning fine pore diffusers and, second, to develop a methodology that could be used to evaluate the efficiency of the cleaning techniques. Dirty fine pore domes from the North Texas Mu...

A review is presented on laboratory modeling of diffusion downwind of a continuous point source within a boundary layer of well defined height with turbulence driven by buoyant convection. Results of using mixed-layer scaling are summarized and comparison...

Results are reported for hot isostatic pressing (HIP) tests to define the parameters for diffusion welding of copper to a titanium alloy. Two test configurations were used. The principal objective of the tests was to determine the extent to which strong m...

Ideal equivalent group diffusion theory constants are defined in a rigorous manner and the failure of standard flux-weighting procedures to yield these ideal constants is discussed. An iterative scheme based upon the Response Matrix Technique is then deve...

The most appropriate meteorological conditions and time of the day advisable for carrying out diffusion experiments at the Angra site are described. Two emission points were defined, and the sampling area was determined with easy access to the complex ter...

... well-defined diffusional characteristics of metals in a hydrogel and on the sorption properties of a metal- ... and Zhang 1994). Specifically, the technique uses a hydrogel layer to control the diffusive t...

An analytical method was developed for the analysis of the NO2 collected by a passive diffusion controlled atmospheric sampling device. The method measured the total amount of nitrite ion using ion chromatography. The precision obtained under field conditions, defined as twice th...

contain text, other elements, or nothing at all. For example, p, table, i, and form are elements of an element that defines a property of that element. For example, in the markup ="index.html">Home, href is an attribute of the a element. Block-level Markup elements that display their content on a new

By defining the operating environment of turbomachinery blading in terms of absolute and relative velocity fields, airfoil dynamic mode shapes, and reduced frequency ranges, the applicability of various flow facilities in establishing critical time varyin...

The performance of discrete suboptimal Kalman filters and discrete optimal adaptive filters can be analyzed by an error covariance matrix which is defined on the specific filtering structure. Iterative algorithms for calculating the absolute performance o...

Paleomagnetism of eastern Nazca plate seamounts defines Nazca and Farallon absolute plate motion during Cenozoic times. Magnetic and bathymetric surveys are presented for two eastern Nazca plate seamounts in Chile Basin and they are used to calculate pale...

This paper focuses on the question Does it matter how one defines/measures industrial exports. It analyzes the differences that arise from using alternative definitions of industrial exports in measuring the absolute value of those exports, their annual g...

Let F be a multiple-valued analytic function, defined on a domain Omega of the Riemann sphere, with single-valued absolute value. For a cycle gamma, let (Gamma sub F)(gamma) be the constant by which F is multiplied upon continuation around gamma. Then (Ga...

Its purpose was to enable NASA's PI-led mission teams to engage, share with, and ... and principal investigator for the Far IR Absolute Spectrophotometer on COBE. ... and benchmarks; defining responsibilities of line and project management in the ..... With a little luck, the main result of the crash was to slow down the team, ...

The purpose of the research was to observe the behavior of organic colloids in the presence of polymeric flocculants and the ionic salts NaCl, NaClO4, and Ca(ClO4)2. The study was defined in terms of the flocculation kinetics and the absolute turbidity. I...

The present report deals with a discretization procedure for profile families with an analytical representation. The method faciliate a digital representation with a well-defined absolute error tolerance, and is illustrated by application to NACA 4-digit,...

32-bit database application with multidocument interface for Windows has been developed to calculate absolute energy distributions of observed spectra. The original database contains wavelength calibrated observed spectra which had been already passed through apparatus reductions such as flatfielding, background and apparatus noise subtracting. Absolute ...

The Weber number is defined as We =- p1 U20d/S where S is the surface tension, p , is the liquid density, U0 is the centre-line velocity of the liquid sheet, ...

If we define Electron Impact Spectroscopy as that phase of inelastic electron scattering which deals with resolved (electron) spectra, then the subject is still far too large to be surveyed in a one-hour speech. If, however, attention is confined to the s...

We show that the expected lifetime of a conditioned elliptic diffusion in a bounded domain in R^n is bounded above by an absolute constant times the sum of the volume of the domain and the p-th power of the L^p-norm of the quasihyperbolic metric all raised to the power 2/n, with p ≥ 2/n. It follows in an L^p-averaging domain that this lifetime is ...

The optimum ratio of diffuser width to rotor-blade width (in the exit section) for semiopen rotors is given. Conversion to the optimum b sub 3/b sub 2 ratio enables one to increase the supercharger efficiency by approximately 1.9% (absolute) as compared t...

The in-vitro susceptibility 244 consecutive, non-duplicate clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cefepime and ceftazidime was studied. Using an agar dilution method to measure susceptibility, the antibiotics showed comparable activity. The Etest and two types of agar diffusion discs were compared with the reference agar dilution method, and showed an ...

Measurements of the absolute cross sections for Xe/sup +/ production in collisions betweeen xenon atoms in a single well-defined high Rydberg state vertical-barnf= and SF/sub 6/ are reported and are approx.10/sup -11/ cm/sup 2/ for 25 < or = n < or = 40. The data lend support to the hypothesis that these collisions are dominated by the ...

Calf blood flow was measured simultaneously in healthy human subjects (n = 7) during cuff inflation and deflation using near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI (ASL-MRI). The DCS and ASL-MRI data exhibited highly correlated absolute and relative dynamic flow responses in each individual (p < 0.001). ...

... by c � It is customary to define the separation factor by K/ ... Where L is the length of the columns 1,n ... of the concentration at the bottom of the column. ...

A selection of experimental results available are discussed in order to define soot formation. Conditions for soot formation are outlined and its appearance as a measure of combustion efficiency is evaluated for premixed flames, gaseous diffusion turbulen...

... Define ... [15] Williams, FA (1988) Combustion Theory. ... Figure 1: Evolution of the scalar means for Group 1. /.A : CI (solid line), Cla (- -), Clb (- -), Clc(--). ...

Nov 5, 2009 ... 3 event classes defined in standard LAT event selection ... Performance of the dedicated event selection ... Inverse Compton scattering ...

... diffusion. a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). This ... carrier One of the attractive features about the VCSEL is its injection ...

... to well-defined hydrocarbon/air prevaporized liquid- and gaseous-fueled flames. Emphasis is given to ferrocene in a diffusion flame fueled by ...

... MASTER COP'7 - FOR REPRODUCTION PURPOSES ... High-power disorder-defined coupled stripe ... O diffusion moderately disorders the waveguide ...

... 2. The wafer is etched in aqua regia until the well is defined (about 1.5 mils deep). The wax is then cleaned off. 3. The wafer is diffused. ...

A family of kernels for statistical learning is introduced that exploits the geometric structure of statistical models. The kernels are based on the heat equation on the Riemannian manifold defined by the Fisher information metric associated with a statis...

Resistive Diffusion. The Vlasov equation; plasma waves ... Examples: (1) E is actual ... Define the plasma � = ratio of terms on RHS = p/(B2/8�). For typical solar ...

H⁺ ions are a substrate of many active and passive membrane transporters in all cells. Absolute proton fluxes are often quantified using intracellular pH sensitive microelectrodes or pH sensitive dyes. These measurements, however, rely on a priori estimates of the intracellular buffer capacity and on the assumption of diffusive ...

The goals of this program were: (1) to define minimum stress configurations for silicon sheet growth at high speeds; (2) to quantify dislocation electrical activity and their limits on minority carrier diffusion length in deformed silicon; and (3) to stud...

Resonance between a wave and a particle in a uniform plasma can be defined by a general formula. In a turbulent plasma, however, this resonance defined is further broadened by virtue of particle diffusion in phase space. The purpose of the present note is...

The chemical potential in a stressed solid is discussed in general. A chemical potential is defined whose gradient can be used as the driving force for diffusion. This potential is the same as that defined by Gibbs for fluids or solids under hydrostatic p...

Supersaturation ratio, S, has been theoretically related to the supply rate of solute, Q, from growth rate and mass-balance equations in the quasi-steady state in the growth process of isotropic monodisperse particles. The derived equation, (S - 1) = (1/D + 1/kr)(Q/betaC(0)nr) + 2V(m)gamma/rRT, suggests a linear dependence of S on Q under constant n and r, where D is the ...

The paper analyzes subjective poverty in Hungary and compares it to the objective poverty concepts. Subjective poverty is defined by examining who people consider to be poor. Based on the Easterlin paradox, the initial hypothesis states that subjective and absolute poverty concepts are highly correlated. Taking into account that Hungary is a developed ...

The Gaia spectro-photometric data consist of white-light G magnitudes from unfiltered fluxes measured in the astrometric field CCDs, and low resolution prism spectra measured in the blue (BP) and red (RP) CCDs. The integrated flux of these BP and RP spectra will yield GBP and GRP magnitudes as two broad passbands. The internal flux calibration will correct for all possible instrumental effects and ...

The stress in film/substrate systems has been analysed taking into consideration the coupling effects of diffusion and thermal misfit within the framework of Fick's second law. The solution of diffusion-induced stress in a film/substrate system involving the thermal misfit stress feedback is developed. The effects of modulus ratios, ...

The kinetics of the sorption and subsequent desorption of gaseous 3He in a C60 fullerite powder has been studied in the temperature range of 2-292 K. The temperature dependences of the diffusion coefficients of 3He and 4He impurities in fullerite have been plotted using the measured characteristic times of filling of octahedral and tetrahedral interstices, as well as previous ...

Superluminal signal transfer is introduced in the context of an absolute frame of reference provided by the galactic background. The receding galaxies constitute a reference frame, a frame of absolute rest, in which the energy of tachyons (faster-than-light particles) can be defined as a positive definite quantity. The theory presented ...

A method for spatially resolved measurement of the minority carrier diffusion length in silicon wafers and in silicon solar cells is introduced. The method, which is based on measuring the ratio of two luminescence images taken with two different spectral filters, is applicable, in principle, to both photoluminescence and electroluminescence measurements and is demonstrated ...

A method for spatially resolved measurement of the minority carrier diffusion length in silicon wafers and in silicon solar cells is introduced. The method, which is based on measuring the ratio of two luminescence images taken with two different spectral filters, is applicable, in principle, to both photoluminescence and electroluminescence measurements and is demonstrated ...

Values of measured and modeled diffuse UV erythemal irradiance (UVER) for all sky conditions are compared on planes inclined at 40 degrees and oriented north, south, east and west. The models used for simulating diffuse UVER are of the geometric-type, mainly the Isotropic, Klucher, Hay, Muneer, Reindl and Schauberger models. To analyze the precision of the ...

We report on the absolute scale measurement of the x-ray diffuse scattering in the ZnMgSc icosahedral quasicrystal and its periodic approximant. Whereas the diffuse scattering in the approximant is purely accounted for by thermal diffuse scattering, an additional signal is observed in the quasicrystal. It is ...

A self-consistent model of the ambipolar diffusion of electrons and ions in complex (dusty) plasmas accounting for the local electric fields, the dust grain charging process, and the interaction of the plasma particles with the dust grains and neutrals is presented. The dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the interaction of the electrons and ions ...

A self-consistent model of the ambipolar diffusion of electrons and ions in complex (dusty) plasmas accounting for the local electric fields, the dust grain charging process, and the interaction of the plasma particles with the dust grains and neutrals is presented. The dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the interaction of the electrons and ions ...

We propose a new method to construct an isotropic cellular automaton corresponding to a reaction--diffusion equation. The method consists of replacing the diffusion term and the reaction term of the reaction--diffusion equation with random walk of microscopic particles and a discrete vector field which defines time ...

The reliability of straightforward extrapolation of the laboratory-determined constitutive equations to the upper mantle depends on good quality of experimental data as well as the activation of same deformation mechanism at the much lower natural strain rates and stress. Recent laboratory studies have provided more accurate flow law parameters for olivine under both dry and wet conditions, which ...

New improved distances and absolute ages for the Galactic globular clusters NGC 6397, NGC 6752, and 47 Tuc are obtained using the Main Sequence Fitting Method. We derived accurate estimates of reddening and metal abundance for these three clusters using a strictly differential procedure, where the Johnson B-V and Str�mgren b-y colours and UVES high resolution spectra of ...

Paper presented at the Summer Meeting of the American Nuclear Society, Chicago, June 12-15, 1960. Methods are described for predicting the downwind concentrations of radioactivity released from a reactor accident. A statistical type of atmospheric diffusion equation is presented and its different diffusion coefficients are ...

An airfoil for a turbine of a gas turbine engine is provided. The airfoil comprises a main body comprising a wall structure defining an inner cavity adapted to receive a cooling air. The wall structure includes a first diffusion region and at least one first metering opening extending from the inner cavity to the first diffusion ...

Superlattices of films composed of pure Cu and Cu80Mn20 were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering onto Cu-buffered Si(001) substrates at room temperature. The superlattices have been characterized by several XRD techniques, neutron diffraction and SQUID magnetometry. Extensive modeling of the XRD data revealed well-defined artificial superlattice structures down to a minimum ...

The heterothallic species of the agricultural pest Phytophthora use mating hormones ?1 and ?2 to regulate their sexual reproduction. Here we describe the absolute stereostructure of the second mating hormone ?2 as defined by spectroscopic analysis and total synthesis. We have uncovered not only the interspecies universality of ? hormones but also the ...

The equations defining the Bogolyubov-Valatin transformation are studied. They present an analogy with a problem in classical electrostatics. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are assured for the case of a separable pairing force. In the case of closed shells, and with a coupling constant whose absolute value is less than a certain ...

This paper present the results of an extensive study of the effect of a filter upon the performance of a resistive SQUID noise thermometer used to define an absolute temperature scale below 1 K. Agreement between the model for this effect and the experimental results indicated that the temperature scale defined by the noise thermometer ...