Compute the normalized incomplete gamma function, x 1 / gammainc (x, ... Return the natural logarithm of the absolute value of the gamma function of x . ...

Absolute measurements of weak neutron fluxes were achieved by activated manganese. A scintillation gamma counter calibrated to 4- pi beta-gamma coincidences was used for measuring the absolute activity of Mn/sup 56/. (R.V.J.)

Let F be a multiple-valued analytic function, defined on a domain Omega of the Riemann sphere, with single-valued absolute value. For a cycle gamma, let (Gamma sub F)(gamma) be the constant by which F is multiplied upon continuation around gamma. Then (Ga...

A method for determination of absolute intensities of gamma-transitions in neutron resonances is developed. It is based on comparing two time-of-flight spectra measured simultaneously: spectrum of capture in the isotope under study and spectrum of neutron...

A review of the usefulness and accuracy of methods for absolute measurements of the activity of isotopes is given. The solid angle and BETA -- gamma coincidence methods are described and results compared with the results of measurement of standards from The National Physical Laboratory, England. (auth)

Return Value. The value of the logarithm of gamma function log|G(x)|. ... The logarithm of the absolute value of the gamma function log|G(x)| is computed. ...

In order to establish the radioactivity measurement standards a 4(pi)(beta)-(gamma) coincidence apparatus and a 4(pi)(gamma) ionization chamber have been installed in the laboratory. The 4(pi)(beta)-(gamma) coincidence apparatus is for absolute measuremen...

This report describes the identification of radionuclides in the uranium, actinium, and thorium series by analysis of gamma spectra in the energy range of 40 to 1400 keV. Energies and absolute efficiencies for each gamma line were measured by means of a h...

The calculation is made for energy ranges of 1-30 MeV of the response function F(E/sub gamma M/) of absolute aluminium thick-layered ionization chamber with front wall thickness equal to 7.5 cm taking account of absorbers in bremsstrahlung gamma-beam made...

The absolute measurements of main dosimetric parameters in the /sup 60/Co field of ROKUS irradiation device are performed in order to create a standard irradiation field for calibration of medical dosemeters. The measurements were made by means of tissue-...

We present recent results of the measurements, employed by the BaBar Collaboration, of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element V{sub ub} in absolute value |V{sub ub}|, and phase {gamma}.

The absolute 60Ni(gamma, n) and Fe(gamma, n) differential cross sections at 93 degrees with respect to the incident bremsstrahlung beam were measured near the thresholds for 60Ni and 56Fe, respectively. Time-of-flight techniques were used to determine the...

A high count rate 4 pi beta - gamma coincidence counting system for the determination of absolute disintegration rates of short half-life radionuclides is described. With this system the dead time per pulse is minimized by not stretching any pulses beyond...

Gamma spectroscopy analysis of spent fuels in power reactors is described for two typical cases: determination of the power distribution by the mean of the activity of a low periodic element (Lanthanum 140) and determination of the burnup absolute rate by...

The development of an ionisation chamber for measuring gamma exposure rates in graphite thermal reactors is described. Through careful design, the absolute thermal neutron sensitivity has been minimized.

Annual precipitation over Serbia and Montenegro is studied in terms of its variability. The dependence of three selected absolute measures of variability (standard deviation, absolute mean deviation and mean absolute interannual variability) from the mean annual precipitation are examined for the area of interest. Two cases of extreme ...

The application of homogeneous-bias fields to a proton precessional magnetometer allows the measurement of the vector field by measuring the absolute scalar field F, declination variations DELTA D, and inclination variations DELTA I. The absolute scalar field can be measured to an accuracy of plus or minus 1 gamma and ...

The absolute activity of U-235 contained in a UO/sub 2/ sample, using a sum-coincidence circuit which selected only the alpha particles which were simultaneous with the well known 184 Kev gamma radiation from Th-231. The alpha particles were detected by Z...

A precision system for the continuous and rapid measurement of absolute thermoelectric power (TEP) under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure has been developed. The design is centered around a fourth order polynomial curve fitting circuit which enables: (1) linearization of thermocouple-temperature characteristic, and (2) simulation of the variation with ...

The absolute and relative methods for radioactive sources calibration, like 4 (Pi)(beta)-(gamma) and 4(Pi)(gamma) ionization chamber respectively, allows to reach 0,1% of exactiness in activity measurement, but cannot distinguish radioactive impurities th...

A random variable gamma is said to have the Laplace distribution or the double exponential distribution whenever its probability density function is given by lambda exp(-lambda absolute value (y)), where -infinity 0. The random...

The neutron spectrum was measured using a combination of foil detectors. The absolute thermal flux was measured with gold foils using a beta-gamma coincidence counting technique; the epithermal spectrum was measured by taking cadmium ratios with three dif...

Closley packed, hexagonal epsilon-phases may be easily deformed by the extrusion method to comparatively large degrees of deformation above 0.7 to 0.8 of absolute melting temperature. The gamma-phases which are brittle at room temperature may be deformed ...

The problem of absolute energy dosimetry with a calorimeter in the radiation field of a neutron generator is discussed. The following measurement methods were investigated: gamma and neutron dosimetry, and calorimetry. A calorimeter was developed, and a l...

An original spectrometer was built to improve the measurement of the absolute emission intensities of radionuclides with converted low energy gamma transitions. In this spectrometer, the same Si(Li) detector simultaneously measures electrons and photons e...

Many ''sources'' of radioactive substances possess cylindrical geometry (waste drums for example) and gamma spectrometric detectors, as far as their active (selective) elements are concerned, are generally characterised by rotational symmetry about an axi...

Absolute (n, gamma ) cross-sections of some fission products with high yield have been measured. In addition, Fe has been studied to remove some unexplained discrepancies in earlier crosssection measurements. Both the gamma and the neutron detector have been calibrated absolutely, so the values derived ...

This report describes the identification of radionuclides in the uranium, actinium, and thorium series by analysis of gamma spectra in the energy range of 40 to 1400 keV. Energies and absolute efficiencies for each gamma line were measured by means of a high-resolution germanium detector and compared with those in the literature. A ...

The effects of cardiotoxin on the contractility, absolute refractory period and action potential of cariac muscle have been studied in isolated left atrial preparations of rats and right ventricular strips of guinea-pigs respectively. The transmembrane po...

Monochromatic photons obtained by annihilation in flight of positrons are used to obtain absolute photoneutron cross sections of copper, lanthanum, cerium, tantalum, gold, lead, and bismuth in the "giant resonance" peak. The integrated cross sections are obtained. (auth)

The absolute radiative widths for E-1 and M-1 transitions in /sup 46/Sc were determined by neutron time-of-flight spectrometry. The level structure of /sup 46/Sc to 3 MeV has been studied by combining (n,..gamma..) data with previous charged particle data. As in /sup 36/Cl, scandium shows enhanced M-1's. 5 references.

The absolute differential cross section for the {sup 3}H({ital p},{gamma}){sup 4}He reaction has been measured at {theta}{sub {gamma}}=90{degree} for {ital E}{sub {ital p}}=2.0--15.0 MeV, corresponding to photon energies {ital E}{sub {gamma}}=21.3--31.1 MeV. The present results are 35% lower than previously ...

We investigated the possibility of absolute source activity measurements by a single gamma spectrometer. The measurements were performed for three (point, cylinder and Marinelly shaped) calibrated 152Eu sources. Making use of data on peak, sum-peak and total spectrum area in the single spectrum, we developed the activity determination method based on the ...

A method is proposed to determine the absolute activities of thick $sup 60$Co, $sup 46$Sc, $sup 24$Na, and $sup 58$Co probes which are often used as activation detectors for neutron flux, fluency and spectrum measurements. In this method, activity can be measured by a 4$pi$$beta$-$gamma$ coincidence measurement without an absorber and by a ...

Two approaches were taken to address the possible role of gamma-subunit prenylation in dictating the cellular distribution of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins. Prenylation of gamma subunits was prevented by site-directed mutagenesis or by inhibiting the synthesis of mevalonate, the precursor of cellular isoprenoids. When beta or ...

The absolute cross section of the [sup 3]He([ital n],[gamma])[sup 4]He reaction was measured at five energies between [ital E][sub [ital n

A scale factor gamma, to convert from the relative to the absolute/relative intensity scale, is readily calculated during computer simulation of powder patterns. Previously used scale factors are related to gamma. The Reference Intensity Ratio, I/I sub c ...

A random variable ..gamma.. is said to have the Laplace distribution or the double exponential distribution whenever its probability density function is given by lambda exp(-lambda absolute value (y)), where -infinity 0. The random variable X = exp(..gamma..) is said to have the log-Laplace distribution. With the problem of ...

Different radiation techniques, measurement of dose and its distibution throughout the irradiated materials are the main problems treated in this paper. The oscillometry method combined with the ionization chamber, as an absolute dosimeter, is used for calibration of routine ECB dosimeters. The dose uniformity, for the used radiation techniques in our GU-3 ...

Different radiation techniques, measurement of dose and its distibution throughout the irradiated materials are the main problems treated in this paper. The oscillometry method combined with the ionization chamber, as an absolute dosimeter, is used for calibration of routine ECB dosimeters. The dose uniformity, for the used radiation techniques in our GU-3 ...

The uranium and thorium contents of a thorite from Kivu were determined. The very low U/Th ratio found makes this mineral a good standard for gamma spectrometry and fer all other direct radiometric measurements of thorium. The mineral was used in the preparation of ThB standards for the determination of the absolute age of rocks and minerals. ...

The strengths of resonances in exp 25 Mg(p, gamma ) exp 26 Al in the energy range 317-591 keV have been obtained. Resonance strengths at 317, 387, 433, 591 keV have been measured absolutely. The strengths of resonances at 591, 433 keV were also deduced by...

This report will describe recent experiments to characterize four fluors: BC-400, 408, 422, 430. Each fluor sample was 0.5 cm thick commensurate with our standard Electronic Pinhole Neutron Experiment (EL-PINEX) fluors. The important results are that the neutron-gamma sensitivity ratios did not change significantly, although the absolute ...

The optical refractivlty of free electrons in a hydrogen plasma with 100% ionization was measured along with the Stark effect broadening of H/sub BETA / and H/sub gamma / and the absolute continuum intensity. The electron density was calculated from the refractivity and found to agree with the values from the H/sub BETA / and H/sub ...

By means of the alpha-decay theory and the theory of multipolar transitions the absolute or standardized transition probabilities for gamma emission of several excited states of Po/sup 214/ were calculated, and the spin and parity were determined. From this a decay scheme was proposed, and a

Formulae permitting to determine the rates of parent nuclei production reactions in activation conditions in nonstationary flux, based on activation of daughter nuclei, are derived. An expression for decay correction while measuring the daughter nuclei ac...

It was confirmed by epidemiological trial, carried out in Voronezh in 1964-1965, that gamma- globulin, prepared of a mixture of sera, including serum of an epidemic hepatitis patient, was absolutely harmless and failed to differ from routinely issued seri...

A method for counting gamma emissions from uranium235 in each of 10000 uranium-aluminum alloy fuel elements is described. The method is used to ensure that uranium235 is within 2 1/2% of 1.82 g. The method shows 1% absolute accuracy and is much faster as a method for production inspection than weighing methods. The method is insensitive to ...

A two-stage absolute counting facility for large liquid samples of aqueous Mn/sup 56/SO/sub 4/, primarily intended for better than 1% precision measurements of neutron source strengths by the manganese bath technique, is described. Two-liter samples are counted in a gamma - gamma coincidence arrangement that greatly improves ...

The gamma spectrum of Po/sup 212/ (ThC') was measured by ( gamma , alpha ) coincidences with a fast-slow coincidence apparatus. The results are in excellent agreement with the conversion lines found by the Latyshev group. The absolute gamma intensities were also determined in order to get spins ...

The yield of 1.01 Mev gamma quanta in inelastic neutron scattering on antimony nuclei was measured. The gamma radiation was studied with a crystal spectrometer with a 40 x 40 mm NaI(Tl) crystal and a half-width for the Zn/sup 6// sup 5/(1.12 Mev) line of approximately 9%. Neutrons were obtained by the H/sup 3/(p,n)He/sup 3/ reaction with 1.5 to ...

The model provides a correct description of the main features of the ..gamma.. decay of analogs. It predicts the correct ratio of the analog-antianalog transition probabilities for different nuclei and different analogs, and the energy of the core polarization type states is in good agreement with the experimental position of the maximum of the strength function of ...

Separation of the most significant components of the environmental radiation field is now, possible through the development of a new method of environmental meson dosimetry. Since this method allows absolute and simultaneous measurement of both gamma and meson dose, it offers particularly cogent advantages for environmental applications. ...

Absolute differential cross sections for the (sup 12)C((gamma),p)(sup 11)B reaction have been measured over proton detection angels ranging from 30 to 150 deg, using tagged photons of 25-75 MeV energy, for low-lying regions of residual excitation energy i...

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterial organisms has emerged as one of the major diseases in captive elephants. In vitro Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) assay is being used as an ancillary test for early detection of TB in domestic and captive wild animals. In the present study, basic sequence information and immunological cross-reactivity of this major ...

The energies of the three gamma lines in Hg/sup 199/ were measured absolutely, using an iron-free double-focusing spectrometer. The atomic binding energy was also absolutely determined. Relative L-subshell conversion intensities were found to yield accurate information on the multipolarity. Relative M-shell conversion ...

A 400 mc Ra-- Be photoneutron source was adopted as the national standard source. It was calibrated by the method of absolute determination of Mn/ sup 56/ produced in the Mn/sup 55/(n, gamma )Mn/sup 56/ reaction. The calibration agrees within 1% with an international average. The standard error is plus or minus 1%. The error is mainly due to ...

The linearized coupled-mode equations in two dimensions are solved numerically within the paraxial approximation to find the absolute-mode threshold of parametric instabilities driven by an incoherent laser beam. The results show that, for plasma lengths only a few times threshold, a surprisingly small temporal bandwidth {Delta}{omega} that is substantially less than the ...

The density of neutrons in a standard pile was determined between the zero-energy and the cut-off energy of 1 mm thick cadmium unit using a gold detector. Its absolute activity was measured using a 4 pi beta counter calibrated for 4 pi beta, gamma coincid...

>Cs/sup 137/ sources were absolutely measured by the tracer method,'' with Br/sup 82/ as a tracer nuclide and with application of the 4 pi BETA -- gamma coincidence technique. A self-absorption of 6% was found in sources obtained from a solution with a carrier-content of 400 mu g/ml. The precision of the method for the ...

Elastic and total reaction cross sections for the system ..cap alpha..+/sup 208/Pb, /sup 209/Bi are analyzed to obtain a limited set of potentials which are, in turn, used to calculate absolute ..cap alpha.. widths. Existing shell-model calculations give ..gamma../sub alpha//sup 2/ values three orders of magnitude smaller: and it is now most unlikely that ...

The absolute differential cross section for the {sup 2}H({gamma},{ital p}){ital n} reaction has been measured using a large solid angle detector, with a tagged photon beam of mean energy 67 MeV. The data have been compared with nine different theoretical calculations of the cross section, which account for the data to varying degrees. Best agreement is ...

The flux density at the sample position of GLEEP is calculated from the activation produced in gold and in manganese-nickel foils. The 4 pi BETA - gamma coincidence technique is shown to be applicable to the absolute measurement of Mn/sup 56/ in foils in spite of the complexity of the decay scheme. The flux density is estimated at 1.663 x ...

A numerical and analytical study of the Raman instability in a homogeneous plasma is presented in which the pump has been modeled to include the effects of broad bandwidth and the induced spatial incoherence (ISI) method of beam smoothing. For a time-averaged homogeneous growth rate {bar {gamma}}{sub 0} and a bandwidth {sigma}, there is a significant reduction in Raman ...

Absolute strength measurements were performed for the E/sub p/ = 580 and 588 keV /sup 32/S(p, gamma )/sup 33/Cl, E/sub p/ = 1214 keV /sup 34/S(p, gamma )/sup 35/Cl and E/sub p/ = 633 and 744 keV /sup 27/Al(p, gamma )/sup 28/Si resonances with a Ge(Li) detector. Results are discussed with regard to the ...

Measurements of the perturbed gamma-gamma directional correlation were made for the 173-247 keV cascade in 111Cd at the In ion site in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes. A time-dependent electric quadrupole interaction was observed. Below the order in equilibrium fluid phase transition temperature the exponential damping coefficient was lambda 2 = 0.033 +/- 0.007 ns-1. ...

Measurements were made of the dependence of the area under the thermoluminescence curve on the alpha (/sup 238/Pu) or gamma (/sup 60/Co) dose to the crystalline phosphors ZnS- Cu, ZnS- Cu, Co with different Co concentrations, ZnS- Bi, CaS- Bi, CaS- In, KCl- In, KCl- In, Ag, and KBr--In. Values are given for the ratios in time, of the emitied thermoluminescence ...

We describe a high-resolution, real-time 3D absolute coordinate measurement system based on a phase-shifting method. It acquires 3D shape at 30 frames per second (fps), with 266K points per frame. A tiny marker is encoded in the projected fringe pattern, and detected by software from the texture image and the gamma map. Absolute 3D ...

Gamma spectral analysis of irradiated material can be used to determine absolute disintegration rates for specific radionuclides. These data, together with measured values for the thermal and epithermal neutron fluxes, and irradiation, cooling and counting time values, are all the experimental information required to do absolute ...

Six hot stars were observed on 1984 March 2 from a Black Brant V sounding rocket (NASA 21.085UG). The absolute fluxes from Gamma 2 Vel, Zeta Pup, Alpha CMa ,Gamma Ori, Beta Tau, and Epsilon Per were measured in the spectral region between 912 and 1600 A at 10 A resolution. Comparisons with revised Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 Ultraviolet ...

Absolute gamma intensities have been measured for the strong transitions in the decay chain /sup 98/Rb..-->.. /sup 98/Sr..-->.. /sup 98/Y..-->.. /sup 98/Zr and /sup 98/Nb..-->.. /sup 98/Mo and found approximately four times higher than those currently adopted. As a consequence, several contradictions in this crucial chain of nuclei are ...

The neutron emission rate for the National Bureau of Standards radium-- beryllium ( gamma ,n) standard source (NBS-I) was redetermined by a relative comparison to an antimomy-beryllium source, which had been calibrated absolutely in a heavy water manganous sulfate solution through an indirect method involving 4 pi BETA - ...

A prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) set-up with an Am-Be source developed for in situ analysis of liquid samples is described. The linearity of its response was tested for chlorine and cadmium dissolved in water. Prompt gamma efficiency of the system has been determined experimentally using prompt gamma of chlorine ...

The electronic states for the intermetallic compounds, Mg48Zn52, Mg2Zn3, MgZn2 and Mg2Zn11 in the Mg-Zn binary system were investigated by measuring the coefficients [gamma] of the electronic contribution to the heat capacities and calculating the densities of states (DOS) in the vicinities of the Fermi levels (EF) by the DV-X[alpha] molecular orbital method. The ...

Absolute cross sections for the reactions exp 48 Ca(p, gamma ) exp 49 Sc and exp 48 Ca(p,n) exp 48 Sc have been measured for proton bombarding energies from 0.76 MeV to 2.20 MeV. The results are in satisfactory agreement with predictions of the Hauser-Fes...

The gamma radiation of Sn/sup 116/ appearing as a result of the 54 min BETA transition of In/sup 116m/ was used for activation measurements. The free measurements of the gamma ratiation from eigen absorption in the foil permitted the effect of the neutron absorption in the foil to be detected, while in the measurement of the BETA activity ...

The process of proton-antiproton pair prcduction by high-energy gamma quanta in which one particle of the pair is absorbed by the nucleus itself, forming a star, while the other particle carries away the total energy of the star is studied. The process takes place in the ultrarelativistic region where only the small angles between the gamma ...

A method of data collection for the determination of absolute disintegration rates by the 4$pi$$beta$-$gamma$ coincidence technique is described, which gives nearly an order of magnitude smaller variance, for a given total counting time, than conventional methods. It is applicable when the $beta$ counter output is proportional to the $beta$ ...

As an extension of the 4$pi$$beta$-$gamma$ coincidence technique, it is shown that for some radionuclides, the $beta$ count rate should be expressed as a function of at least two observed $beta$ efficiencies, and that the absolute disintegration rate can be obtained by a simultaneous extrapolation to 100% efficiency in the two or more dimensions. ...

Measurements were carried out by the time-of-flight method. In processing the measured distributions, the authors took account of the background of scattered neutrons and gamma quanta as well as delayed fission gamma quanta. At the second stage of the data processing, the authors introduced the correction for the difference of the realistic spectrometer ...

The binding energies of H atoms in homogeneous magnetic fields in excess of 100 kT are calculated using a simple cylindrically symmetrical basis to expand the wave function and solving variationally. Results are presented in a table for m = 0, -1, -2, -3, and -4 and gamma = 1, 2, 10, 20, 100, 200, 1000, and 2000 and compared with those of Roesner et al. (1984) and Friedrich ...

The activation curve for reaction Zn/sup 64/( gamma ,n)Zn/sup 63/ was determined from threshold to 23 Mev. The absolute yield was 1.60 x 10/sup 8/ n/ mole 100r at 22 Mev. Using the method of Penfold and Leiss, the maximum cross section was calculated to be 48 mb and 0.33 Mev-barn. These results were lower than the values obtained by other ...

Ultraprecise energies and absolute B(E2) values associated with K=0{sup +} excitations in {sup 158}Gd, measured with the GRID technique, reveal significant information relating to the possible existence or absence of two-phonon vibrational excitations in deformed nuclei. A strong B(E2:K=0{sub 2}{sup +}{r_arrow}{gamma}) is observed but reflects band mixing ...

The radiative SIGMA /sup plus or minus / yields n pi /sup plus or minus / gamma decay mode was analyzed in the 81 cm SACLAY hydrogen bubble chamber exposed to a stopping K- beam at the CERN PS. The pion spectrum was measured up to momenta of 150 MeV/v in the SIGMA rest frame. The following branching ratios were obtained based on 180 SIGMA /sup +/ yields n ...

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in involved tissues. To investigate a potential role for gamma/delta T cells in the pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis, we studied lung and blood T cells from patients for preferential expression of particular gamma/delta T cell receptors. ...

The chemical yield for the ferrous sulphate dosimeters was determined for /sup 60/Co- gamma radiation and for electron beams of mean energies in the points of measurements, between 2.7 and about 9 MeV. As references, absolute determinations of absorbed do...

It is pointed out that solution hardening is generally of two types: gradual and rapid. Rapid hardening is attributed to tetragonal distortions, and a general statement of a theory is made. Specific calculations are applied to the case of the irradiation hardening of copper by neutron bombardment. Agreement was obtained with both the observed flux variation of the hardening and its ...

Most photoneutron sources used at present contain beryllium as the target material, more rarely deuterium. The photon sources are obtained by activation of suitable materials, such as antimony, in a reactor. For determination of the neutron yield the photoneutrons are compared with absolutely calibrated neutron sources. The yield depends largely on the volume and on ...

Various suggested paths for the reactor production of the longlived /sup 32/Si are compared. The reaction series /sup 31/P(n gamma )/sup 32/P(n;p )/sup 32/Si was found to be the most promising. Experiences from absolute activity measurements by means of Cherenkov radiation and yields from reactor neutron irradiations of phosphonns are presented. ...

The feasibility of designing a graphite -carbon dioxide ionization chamber for the absolute measurement of the carbon dose rate from a pure gamma field up to 10/sup 10/ erg/g/hr is discussed. There are insufficient data on neutron response to judge the feasibility of using the ion chamber in mixed fields with large neutron components. (auth)

Gamma dose measurements were made at the Sandia Irradiator for Dried Sewage Solids. Passive plastic, chemical, and thermoluminescent dosimeters were exposed in the facility under conditions designed to simulate typical plant operation. Absolute dose and dose distribution information were obtained in air, water, compost, fruit, and sewage sludge.

(x) is a probability density function. From Definition 1, we can easily see that an absolutely continuous random with parameters = 1 2 and = 1 22 . By comparing (0.1) with definition of Gamma density we see that ( 1 2 and continuous random variables. Among continuous random variables, we will concentrate on a subclass. Definition

Radiochemical purity and the absolute disintegration rate of /sup 32/P preparations are determined. Other ASTM methods are /sup 32/P referred to for the following determinations: /sup 32/P activity by beta counting, 35/sub s/ and other low-energy ..beta.. contamination by aluminum absorption curve, gamma contamination by scintillation counting, and ...

The techniques and methods developed for primary standardization of Au/ sup 198/ are described. The results obtained by solid angle, beta-gamma coincidences, and 4 pi counter methods, were compared with Harwell's results on the same gold foils and agreement was found within the limits of the 2 to 6% estimated error. (auth)

angles of non�statistical fast photoneutrons were generated according to the angular distributions) absolute values of E ? per nucleon of residual nuclei, c) aver� age photoneutron multiplicities hN n i and d) width of photoneutron multiplicity W n = q hN 2 n i \\Gamma hN n i 2 as functions of E fl

Two-dimensional homogeneous theory of free-electron lasers with a wiggler magnetic field of constant wavelength is formulated. It has been found from the theory that waves propagating obliquely with respect to the electron beam are always unstable with appreciable growth rates; therefore, mode competition among the on-axis and off-axis modes is an important consideration in the design of the ...

The purpose of this study was to test a patient-specific quality assurance (QA) protocol for intensity-modulated arc radiotherapy (IMAT), and to evaluate the use of an intensity-modulated stationary radiotherapy QA device (2D ion chamber array). Thirty-nine IMAT treatment plans for brain, spine, and prostate were analyzed using 3 methods: ion chamber (1D absolute, n=39), film ...

The absolute neutron fission cross section of U/sup 235/ at 0.0253 ev has been determined by measuring ( sigma /sub t/ sigma /sub f/) at 5.3 A and combining this with scattering, absorption, and relative fission cross section measurements. Two multiplate ionization chambers, one containing B/sup 10/ and the other U/sup 235/, were constructed. The flux is determined ...

Virtual Compton Scattering (VCS) {gamma}*p {yields} {gamma}p at low CM energy gives access to the Generalized Polarizabilities of the nucleon. These observables generalize the concept of electromagnetic polarizabilities to the case of a virtual photon. Dedicated VCS experiments have been performed at MAMI, Jefferson Lab and MIT-Bates. The experimental ...

Seventy-one patient-specific delivery quality assurance (DQA) plans for the Tomotherapy HI-ART II helical tomotherapy system (TomoTherapy, Inc., Madison, WI, USA) were measured using film and ion chamber. The agreement in absolute point dose was 1.19 +/- 0.79%, 1.91 +/- 1.39%, 2.14 +/- 1.3%, 1.3 +/- 0.73% and 1.67 +/- 1.5% for head and neck, prostate, pelvis-abdomen sites, and ...

Neutron and gamma spectra were measured behind and inside of modules consisting of variable iron and water slabs that were installed in radial beams of the zero-power training and research reactors AKR of the Technical University Dresden and ZLFR of the University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Goerlitz. The applied NE-213 scintillation spectrometer did allow the measurement of ...

A method for the standardization of pure BETA emitters is presented. The technique involves the inclusion of a suitable BETA -- gamma -emitting nuclide with the pure BETA emitter in the deposited source and the use of BETA , gamma -coincidence counting to determine the efficiency of detection of the betas arising from the BETA - ...

We have measured the branching ratio of the three-body process in the nonmesonic weak decay of Lambda12C to be 0.29+/-0.13. This result was obtained by reproducing the nucleon and the nucleon pair yields introducing a measured final state interaction. At the same time, we have determined the absolute decay widths, Gamma(n) and ...

The nuclide 67Ga is widely used in nuclear medicine for diagnostic purposes. It decays with a half-life of 3.259 days to 67Zn, a stable nuclide. The decay mode is electron capture with several branches followed by gamma-de-excitation. One of the excited levels of 67Zn with energy 93 keV has a half-life of 9.1 micros, which makes its absolute ...

The absolute ( gamma ,n) cross sections of aluminum and oxygen have been measured using bremsstrahlung from a 70-Mev synchrotron. The O/sup 16/( gamma ,n) and Al/sup 27/( gamma ,n) cross sections are plotted to 30 Mev and compared with the resultants of Gaussian curves used to synthesize the cross sections. ...

indicates that 2|Vub / Vcb/ Vus| = (1-z) with z given by z = 0.19 +(-) 0.14. This fact implies that irrespective of the form of the quark Yukawa matrices, the measured value of the SM CP phase beta is approximately the maximum allowed by the measured absolute values of the CKM elements. This is beta = pi/6 - z/sqrt{3} for gamma = pi/3 + z/sqrt{3}, which ...

A high count rate 4..pi.. ..beta..-..gamma.. coincidence counting system for the determination of absolute disintegration rates of short half-life radionuclides is described. With this system the dead time per pulse is minimized by not stretching any pulses beyond the width necessary to satisfy overlap coincidence requirements. The equations used to ...

The measurement of the absolute activity or the mass of radioactive substances by gamma spectrometry needs to include a correction for the radiation absorption inside the source volume, the so-called self-absorption factor. It depends on geometry and material composition of the source, the detector geometry and on the geometrical arrangement of source and ...

Differential and absolute cross sections for the coherent reaction /sup 40/Ca(/gamma/,/pi//sup 0/)/sup 40/Ca g.s., as well as for the incoherent reaction /sup 40/Ca(/gamma/,/pi//sup 0/)/sup 40/Ca(g.s.), have been measured with monochromatic photons in the threshold region (/ital E//sub /gamma//=157--169 MeV). The ...

Although the IBA-1 contains no solutions corresponding to a rigid triaxial shape, it does contain an effective asymmetry. This arises from zero point motion in a ..gamma..-soft potential leading to a non-zero mean or rms ..gamma... Three aspects of this feature will be discussed: (1) The relation between IBA-1 calculations and the corresponding ...

Presented at the Hearings on Fallout before the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, May 5-8, 1959. Available information concerning the gamma photon energy radiation rate from fission products is summarized, and the specific assumptions which now seem most suited for fall-out evaluations are outlined. Determination of the gamma energy radiation ...

A novel method for extracting absolute resonance strengths has been investigated. By implanting {sup 22}Ne ions into a thick aluminum backing and simultaneously measuring the {sup 22}Ne+p and {sup 27}Al+p reactions, the strength of the E{sub r}{sup lab}=479 keV resonance in {sup 22}Ne(p,gamma){sup 23}Na was determined to be omegagamma=0.524(51) eV. This ...

Thermally excited waves at the interface between two fluids contain information about the structure and tension at this interface. A surface light scattering technique based on photon correlation spectroscopy has been developed ot probe the dynamics of these interfacial waves for microemulsions. The interfacial tension (IFT) as measured by this non-perturbing technique is consistent with the ...

Plasmid R6K, which contains 3 replication origins called alpha, gamma, and beta, is a favorable system to investigate the molecular mechanism(s) of action at a distance, i.e. replication initiation at a considerable distance from the primary initiator protein binding sites (iterons). The centrally located gamma origin contains 7 iterons that bind to the ...

The rpoH genes encoding homologs of Escherichia coli sigma 32 (heat shock sigma factor) were isolated and sequenced from five gram negative proteobacteria (gamma or alpha subgroup): Enterobacter cloacae (gamma), Serratia marcescens (gamma), Proteus mirabilis (gamma), Agrobacterium tumefaciens (alpha) and Zymomonas ...

Human neonatal MNCs have a dissociation between prolif. and ..gamma..-IFN prod. Although cord MNCs display normal-high prolif. following lectin stim., ..gamma..-IFN prod. is greatly diminished compared to adult MNCs. Increasing data support a 2-stimuli requirement for human T-cell activation as noted in the T-cell line Jurkat as well as in peripheral ...

The photoneutron spectrum of natural lead has been observed for photoexcitation energies of 8999, 8533, and 8120 keV using a high-resolution /sup 3/He ionization chamber. The photons were obtained from the (n, ..gamma..) reaction on a nickel target positioned in a nuclear reactor. The Q values for the three reactions /sup 208/Pb(..gamma.., n)/sup 207/Pb, ...

Empirical datasets of volume fractions and size distributions of small gamma' precipitates from "real" multi-component engineering nickel-based superalloys are vital to calibrate and validate the computer models which predict high sensitivities of mechanical properties to size and volume fraction of these fine gamma precipitates, and in order to accelerate ...

The photoneutron cross sections sigma (..gamma..,n) and sigma (..gamma..,2n), and total photofission cross sections sigma (..gamma..,F) have been measured for /sup 235/U, /sup 236/U, /sup 238/U, and /sup 232/Th from threshold to 18.3 MeV using monoenergetic photons from the annihilation in flight of fast positrons and ...

This paper discusses the development of a Geant4 model of the Gamma Reaction History (GRH) diagnostic at NIF and Omega, Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) laser facilities. The GRH diagnostic has been developed to measure bang-time and burn-width parameters for ICF implosions at both facilities, further investigations have also shown that measurements, such as ablator aerial ...

New version of the commercially available ANGLE software for semiconductor detector gamma-efficiency calculations is presented. ANGLE allows for accurate determination of the activities of gamma spectroscopic samples for which no �replicate� standard exists, in terms of geometry and matrix. A semi-empirical (�efficiency transfer�) approach is ...

Activation curves for the reactions B/sup 11/( gamma ,2p)Li/sup 9/ and 320 Mev. Targets of boron and carbon were exposed to the bremsstrahlung bean of the synchrotron and the yields of Li/sup 9/ measured by counting the delayed neutrons in a moderator-counter assembly surrounding the targets. The activation curves were analyzed by the photon difference method to ...

To report a study of the use of GAFCHROMIC EBT radiochromic film (RCF) digitized with a commercially available flatbed document scanner for accurate and reliable all-purpose two-dimensional (2D) absolute dosimetry within a clinical environment. We used a simplified methodology that yields high-precision dosimetry measurements without significant postirradiation correction. The ...

Infrared photometric measurements of a set of bright southern stars are presented. Flux comparisons are made relative to gamma Crucis between 1.25 mu and 11.2 mu , and recent solar data are used to establish the actual flux values, using alpha CenA as a transfer star. A model of a single star ( alpha Lyr) is used to establish an absolute ...

Absolute differential cross sections of the $sup 28$Si(p,p')$sup 28$Si* (1.78 MeV) reaction have been measured for 12 scattering angles and at 88 different energies between bombarding energies of 3.0 to 5.2 MeV. In addition, 53 absolute cross sections of the $sup 28$Si(p,p'$gamma$)$sup 28$Si angular ...

Neutron activation cross sections were measured at 195 kev (50 kev energy spread) for about 30 isotopes, bY absolute gamma counting. Absolute calibration was effected by determining the RdTh-D/sub 2/O neutron source strength with a flat response 4 pi graphite sphere neutron counter, and irradiating indium in the form of a ...

The BEPCII Luminosity Monitor (BLM) monitors relative luminosity per bunch. The counting rates of gamma photons, which are proportional to the luminosities from the BLM at the center of mass system energy of the ? (3770) resonance, are obtained with a statistical error of 0.01% and a systematic error of 4.1%. Absolute luminosities are also determined by ...

We have investigated the energy resolution and absolute photopeak efficiency of CZT detectors with three anode pixel geometries after three data correction steps. Before data corrections, the energy resolution is 4�5% at 122 keV, and the efficiency is 46�70% for a 21 keV photopeak window. Charge sharing events, which make up 10�25% of all events, are a significant cause ...

Results are presented from a {sup 4}He photodisintegration experiment performed with quasimonochromatic photons using a large solid-angle detector. The tagged-bremsstrahlung technique gave a reliable absolute normalization. In addition, an unambiguous separation of the proton-triton channel from other photodisintegration channels was achieved. A total cross section of 218{plus ...

The use of the transmission gamma-beam method (gammascopic method) makes possible the prompt determinalion of soil density in situ without disturbing soil structure. When Geiger-Muller counters are used for detecting radiation, they must be calibrated, since variations in measurement and calibration conditions lead to errors. Using scintillation counters it is ...

An absolute determination was made of the two F/sup 19/(p, alpha gamma )O/sup 16/ resonances between 1.3 and 1.4 Mev. The yield curves obtained are shown. The resonance energy and half width were calculated with corrections made for the energy dependence of the penetrability, the effect of adjacent resonances, and target thickness and straggling ...

The isoform of Fc gamma RIII (CD16) expressed on PMN has a GPI membrane anchor, and in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) there is a deficiency in Fc gamma RIII expression on PMN. Contrary to expectation, however, CD16 expression is preserved (albeit at reduced levels) in all affected PNH PMN that completely lack the GPI-anchored proteins DAF (CD55) ...

The absolute differential cross sections of /sup 60/Ni( gamma ,n) and Fe( gamma ,n) we re measured near the thresholds for /sup 60/Ni and /sup 56/fe using time-of-flight techniques to determine the neutron energies. The measurements were taken at 93 deg to the incident bremsstrahlung beam. Two measurements recoil nuclei ...

An apparatus was constructed for measurement of the density and volumetric thermal expansion of high temperature molten materials using the gamma attenuation technique. It was found that significant improvements in overall experimental precision could be realized by employing an automatic gain control in the linear section of the gamma counting system. ...

The mitochondrial replication machinery in human cells includes the DNA polymerase gamma holoenzyme and the TWINKLE helicase. Together, these two factors form a processive replication machinery, a replisome, which can use duplex DNA as template to synthesize long stretches of single-stranded DNA. We here address the importance of the smaller, accessory B subunit of DNA ...

Within the human ..gamma..-crystallin gene cluster polymorphic Taq I sites are present. These give rise to three sets of allelic fragments from the ..gamma..-crystallin genes. Together these restriction fragment length polymorphisms define eight possible haplotypes, three of which (Q, R, and S) were found in the Dutch and English population. A fourth ...

The Intrinsic Radiation Intercomparison Workshop assessed the variability of radiation measurements made of the same source using different instruments and different operating procedures. Four groups of gamma sources were studied. The gamma-measuring systems were RO-2, Victoreen 208, Eberline E112B, AN/PDR-27, and a gamma spectrometer ...

Based on analyses of previous experimental methods and results, the cross sections of the {sup 186}W(n, {gamma}){sup 187}W reaction were measured in the neutron energy range from 0.50 to 1.50 MeV by the activation technique. Neutrons were produced through the T(p,n){sup 3}He reaction, and the cross sections of the {sup 197}Au(n, {gamma}){sup 198}Au ...

The RPL property of some materials can be utilized for dosm- etry purposes. In the present work the FD-R1-1 glass dosimeter made by Toshiba was used. First, the dosimeter was calibrated using a Victoreen Chamber. The neutron sensitivity of the dosimeter was determined by using Dy foil for absolute flux measurement, and covered glasses with Cd and Sn; the ...

Neutron detectors are used in national security applications for detecting potential radioactive material entering the country. Due to the shortage of Helium-3 for neutron detectors, Lithium-6 glass scintillators could be a good material for a replacement detector. Lithium-6 has a large neutron capture cross section, which gives high neutron detection rates. Our detector is based on the fact ...

Experiments carried out to clarify the fast-neutron-dose dependence of the occurrence frequency of dominant lethal mutations were inconclusive. The difference between the frequencies in spermatids and sperm with neutron irradiation was less than in gamma and x irradiation. The dependence on dose in the range 1200-2400 rad tapered off, as in gamma ...

We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a chimeric alphavirus vaccine candidate in mice with selective immunodeficiencies. This vaccine candidate was highly attenuated in mice with deficiencies in the B and T cell compartments, as well as in mice with deficient gamma-interferon responsiveness. However, the level of protection varied among the strains tested. Wild type ...

The absolute dose rate around beta sources for intravascular brachytherapy was measured with thin thermoluminescent (TL) dosimeters and radiochromic film. The calibration of these dosimeters was performed at the dose maximum in a 6 MeV electron beam of a linear accelerator. Compared to the values given by the manufacturers, higher dose rates of about 20% for 90Sr/90Y source ...

The technique of photon absorptiometry, as described by Cameron and others (1-4), is used to obtain a measure of bone density. This measure, based on data derived from the transmission scan of /sup 125/I, clearly relates to the degree of mineralization of the bone, and hence is termed bone mineral content (BMC). Although BMC is a measure of linear density made at a particular site on one bone in ...

Data were taken for five transitions in the lead region allowing a quantitative comparison with corresponding alpha-decay data via R-matrix theory using the same target + alpha nuclear potential. Good agreement between the absolute reduced widths determined from the two sets of data suggests that in transfer reactions, as in alpha decay, an alpha particle in its ground state ...

The conversion line spectrum of Po/sup 214/ was measured with a double focusing beta spectrometer in the region 2600 to 13,500 gauss - cm (Rn/sup 222/ source). The energy and absolute intensity of about 60 conversion lines (among these a number of hitherto unknown lines) was determined. In about 20 cases the absolute conversion coefficients of ...

Researchers studying monitoring accuracy currently use two different indexes to estimate accuracy: relative accuracy and absolute accuracy. The authors compared the distributional properties of two measures of monitoring accuracy using Monte Carlo procedures that fit within these categories. They manipulated the accuracy of judgments (i.e., chance level or 60% and above) and ...

The authors develop a QCD sum rule analysis of the form factor F{sub {gamma}{sup *}{gamma}{sup *}{pi}{sup 0}}(q{sup 2},Q{sup 2}) in the region where virtuality of one of the spacelike photons is small q{sup 2} {much_lt} 1 GeV{sup 2} while another is large: Q{sup 2} {approx_gt} 1 GeV{sup 2}. They construct the operator product expansion suitable for this ...

New information about levels in the transitional nucleus /sup exclamation-point86/Os is gained from a study of the decay of 15.8-h /sup 186/Ir. A significantly improved decay scheme was deduced from an extensive ..gamma..-..gamma.. coincidence measurement. Spins and parities were determined for many levels from a nuclear orientation study; in several cases measured ...

The capture cross section of /sup 238/U was measured using the activation technique and /sup 235/U(n,f) as a reference cross section. Capture events were measured by detection of two prominent ..gamma..-transitions in the decay of the /sup 239/U daughter nuclide, /sup 239/Np, employing a high resolution Ge(Li) detector. The system was calibrated with samples activated in a ...

Six hot stars were observed on 1984 March 2 from a Black Brant V sounding rocket (NASA 21.085UG). The absolute fluxes from ..gamma../sup 2/ Vel, zeta Pup, ..cap alpha.. CMa, ..gamma.. Ori, ..beta.. Tau, and epsilon Per were measured in the spectral region between 912 and 1600 A at 10 A resolution. Comparisons with revised Voyager 1 ...

In this letter the author describes a measurement of the absolute decay rate {Gamma}{sub 2}({+-}0) {approx_equal} {Gamma}(K{sub 2}{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup 0}). The result is based on 16 events of the type {pi}{sup -} p {yields} {Lambda}K{sup 0} followed by {Lambda} {yields} p{pi}{sup -} and K{sub 2}{sup 0} ...