Much of the observed wintertime increase of mortality in temperate regions is attributed to seasonal influenza. A recent re-analysis of laboratory experiments indicates that absolute humidity strongly modulates the airborne survival and transmission of the influenza virus. Here we extend these findings to the human population level, ...

Much of the observed wintertime increase of mortality in temperate regions is attributed to seasonal influenza. A recent reanalysis of laboratory experiments indicates that absolute humidity strongly modulates the airborne survival and transmission of the influenza virus. Here, we extend these findings to the human population level, ...

... Title : THE DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY IN THE ATMOSPHERE SURFACE BOUNDARY LAYER,. ...

pressure, absolute humidity, and relative humidity as functions of ... The measurement of humidity is important to many areas of scientific study. ...

Much of the observed wintertime increase of mortality in temperate regions is attributed to seasonal influenza. A recent re-analysis of laboratory experiments indicates that absolute humidity strongly modulates the airborne survival and transmission of the influenza virus. Here we show that the onset of increased wintertime ...

... Title : Diurnal Cycles of High Absolute Humidity at the Earth's Surface. Descriptive Note : Environmental research papers. ...

... such confusing expressions as absolute humidity, specific humidity, mixing ratio, vapor pressure, dewpoint, and relative humidity. Each of ... ...

... Accession Number : ADA043657. Title : Estimation of Absolute Humidity during Morning Fog in Central Europe. Descriptive Note : Technical rept.,. ...

... Withstanding High Absolute Humidity Extreme for MIL-STD- 210B was based on data from the tropical coastline location, Belize, British Honduras. ...

Influenza A incidence peaks during winter in temperate regions. The basis for this pronounced seasonality is not understood, nor is it well documented how influenza A transmission principally occurs. Previous studies indicate that relative humidity (RH) affects both influenza virus transmission (IVT) and influenza virus survival (IVS). Here, we reanalyze these data to explore ...

Influenza A incidence peaks during winter in temperate regions. The basis for this pronounced seasonality is not understood, nor is it well documented how influenza A transmission principally occurs. Previous studies indicate that relative humidity (RH) affects both influenza virus transmission (IVT) and influenza virus survival (IVS). Here, we reanalyze these data to explore ...

A tentative estimate of the distribution of the absolute humidity during fog in Central Europe is given via the frequency distribution of the temperature, assuming 100% relative humidity. Only the morning hours were examined for 10 stations. It was learne...

Previous studies of high humidities at the earth's surface are reviewed as an introduction for the purpose of formulating recommendations for absolute humidity extremes for MIL-STD-210B. Four typical diurnal cycles of dew point and temperature for periods...

The MSTAR sensor (Modulation Sideband Technology for Absolute Ranging) is a new system for measuring

The effect of relative humidity on thermoregulation has been well examined. Because the same relative humidity represents very different absolute humidities at different ambient temperatures, the present study was designed to examine the interaction of temperature and absolute ...

This paper describes statistical methods used to evaluate data for toluene (at several typical operating temperatures and humidity levels) and to determine which measure of humidity (relative or absolute) is more important in determining carbon adsorption efficiency. The water content of a solvent-laden stream is critical for its ...

The report gives the results of a temperature and humidity measurement program in the Dallas area during the summer of 1967. Results are presented in the form of 'horizontal time sections' of temperature and absolute humidity analogous to the commonly use...

... the LFDP. Data are collected at each of 40 points designated as sampling points for animal studies. ... point and absolute and relative humidity. There are 40 groups of data files, one for each of ... ...

... the production evaluation testing of absolute-pressure transducers ... RESONANT FREQUENCY, HUMIDITY, HIGH ALTITUDE, THERMAL STABILITY. ...

... Title : An Investigation of Some Dimensional Stability Tests Applied to ... are determined by polymer structure, foam density, and absolute humidity of ...

... the total amount of precipitable water in the atmosphere, (2) surface measurements of absolute humidity, (3) IR spectral hygrometer observations ...

Using the time of flight method, the variations of ion mobility with both life time and atmospheric humidity were measured. At higher absolute humidity, mobility of the positive ion starts to decrease and saturate at a certain value in a shorter life time. Meanwhile, mobility of the negative ion is independent of life time and the ...

A new infrared differential absorption - passive thermal emission based instrument designed to make accurate in-cloud measurements of absolute humidity, air temperature, relative humidity, and ice and water supersaturations has been developed. Absolute hu...

...of engine intake-air humidity, dilution-air humidity, engine air-to-fuel ratio, and fuel composition�including the amount of hydrogen and sulfur in the fuel. Atmospheric pressure means the wet, absolute, atmospheric...

Operating principle, calibration, maintenance, construction, specifications, and components of a Lyman alpha hygrometer, and calculation of absolute humidity are described.

Absolute humidity during application of the IFF adhesive. BAA007B ... Bonding surfaces where the IFF adhesive will be applied are lightly ...

hour) temperature, humidity, and vapor pressure; monthly absolute maximum and minimum temperature; monthly total rainfall; monthly number of days with ...

12 detectors for culture optical density. ". Sensors for temperature, absolute pressure, humidity, ... Time-resolved optical density & RGB colorimetry ...

... iApproximations for absolute humidity derived from basic hygrome- tric formulas. ... plex effects of atmospheric aerosols on 8-12 Pm ... Aerosol ...

... A sample of time series of calibrated absolute humidity obtained from the 3 sensors during 2 porpoises below and above cloud top is shown in Fig. ...

... c The CCIR gaseous absorption model implemented within APM provides a ±15% accuracy for absolute humidity and surface air temperature ...

... Results for the 8-12 micron band showed that absolute humidity and precipitation produce the greatest decreases in transmittance. ...

A general expression based on the Claperon-Clausius differential equation that relates saturation vapor pressure, absolute temperature, and the latent heat of transformation was derived that expresses saturation vapor pressure as a function of absolute te...

The design of the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) to be attached to the Columbus Space Station is addressed. Environmental requirements for two crew members in the module are outlined. The design status of JEM Temperature and Humidity Control (THC) subsy...

Stomatal response of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Engelm.) to environmental conditions was studied in the natural subalpine environment and under controlled laboratory conditions. Stomata of naturally occurring trees responded to the difference in absolute humidity from leaf to air. When foliage was exposed to full sunlight, stomatal conductance ...

Stomatal response of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Engelm.) to environmental conditions was studied in the natural subalpine environment and under controlled laboratory conditions. Stomata of naturally occurring trees responded to the difference in absolute humidity from leaf to air. When foliage was exposed to full sunlight, stomatal conductance ...

The modulation system for the secondary mirror of the infrared telescope TIRGO is described. The optimal modulation frequency, the waveforms, absolute and differential modulation, and the mechanical characteristics of the modulator are considered. The mec...

In order to predict the energy production of photovoltaic (PV) modules, it is necessary to predict the module temperature as a function of ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, total irradiance, and relative humidity. This paper presents a mathematical model to predict the module temperature based on the ...

An automated system that controls air flow, temperature, and humidity was developed from a commercially available temperature-humidity indicator and a specially built flow-temperature-humidity control module. Parameters are set using direct-reading dials on the control module. The air flow is ...

Data transmission equipment was expensive, took precious room in a spacecraft, and was not always absolutely reliable. Retrievability eliminated the need ...

... be meaningfully characterized using the LMTF, LNPS and LNEQ functions. ... A standard modulation transfer function (MTF) is the absolute value of ...

dimensional complex function. For the ALI, the conventional modulation transfer function (MTF) looks like the absolute value of Re(STF). ...

In order to predict the performance of uninsulated liquidhydrogen tanks experiments were performed to determine the overall heat-transfer coefficient to an uninsulated flat Cu plate. One side of the Cu plate was maintained in contact with liquid hydrogen; the opposite side was exposed to air with controllable velocity, temperature, and humidity. A table shows ...

be assessed at all stages of development, the quality of the mother can be assessed prenatally (there the maternal habitat (dry vs. humid), prenatal conditions (temperature, humidity), and postnatal environments process where the maternal habitat conditioned prenatal influences, and the prenatal environment modulated

The feasibility of implementing bias-humidity development testing to determine if field-like failure modes would result is demonstrated. Variables resulting in degradation were separated so causative variables could be identified. The studies were done on...

The manual contains operating, maintenance, and troubleshooting procedures for a dual flow--temperature--humidity control system used at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory to prepare test atmospheres for industrial hygiene and air pollution studies. The system consists of two basic components: a commercially available temperature/humidity indicator unit and ...

A manual containing operating, maintenance, and troubleshooting procedures for the flow-temperature-humidity control system used at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory to prepare test atmospheres for industrial hygiene and air pollution studies is presented. The system consists of two basic components: a commercially available temperature/humidity indicator ...

A modification to the AMT-4 radiosonde transmitter and modulator which permits the use of a new aluminum oxide humidity element is described. The modification is simple enough to be made by relatively unskilled personnel in the field and involves: using the newly developed aluminum oxide humidity element, slightly modifying ...

In order to improve the accuracy of methods currently used for characterizing the performance of photovoltaic (PV) arrays in their actual use environment, it is of importance to investigate the effect of ambient variables on the PV module output. Malaysia is a hot and humid country with relative humidity (RH) of 100% during rainfall ...

A new humidity generator that produces gas streams of known moisture content at temperatures from 85 �C to 200 �C, absolute pressures from 0.2 MPa to 1.6 MPa, and relative humidities from 10 % to 90 % has been developed. The generator produces a moist gas stream by injecting fixed-rate streams of dry gas and liquid water into a ...

A new humidity generator that produces gas streams of known moisture content at temperatures from 85 �C to 200 �C, absolute pressures from 0.2 MPa to 1.6 MPa, and relative humidities from 10 % to 90 % has been developed. The generator produces a moist gas stream by injecting fixed-rate streams of dry gas and liquid water into a ...

Feb 10, 2003 ... Absolute Humidity: In a system of moist air, the ratio of the mass of ... Average air exerts approximately 14.7 pounds (6.8 kg) of force on ...

The Lee Porter Butler hollow masonry walls with adaptive design by Ekose's associate, Robert Ader, as constructed at Nr. 1 Tranquil Drive in Charleston, as tested during June, 1983, for their power to dehumidify, appear to lower the absolute humidity leve...

Vertical profiles of atmospheric absolute humidity were obtained between 500m and 2000m by monitoring an appropriate portion of the Raman component of laser backscatter and were compared with radiosonde data taken at essentially the same time and place. C...

During the late spring and summer of 2007, a series of near-surface measurements of winds, temperature, radiative fluxes and absolute humidity were collected at an observing site located on the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR). Our primary motivation for ...

Lyman-alpha Hygrometer L-a Voltage, volts Absolute Humidity, g/m 3 0.0032 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035 -1 -0.5 0 - November 28, 1992 (03:59:00 - 04:00:00 UTC) g/m 3 Absolute Humidity L-a Hygrometer GE Chilled Thermistor Figure 1. Top: In-situ linear calibration of Lyman-alpha hygrometer using the General Eastern

The BABAR Detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center studies the decay of B mesons created in e{sup +}e{sup -} collisions. The outermost layer of the detector, used to detect muons and neutral hadrons created during this process, is being upgraded from Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) to Limited Streamer Tubes (LSTs). The standard-size LST tube consists of eight cells, where a silver-plated ...

The relations between natural atmospheric radioactivity and temperature, atmospheric pressure, absolute and relative humidity, wind velocity, and dust were studied in air specimens taken in Moscow at 12 m from the earth's surface. The radioactivity was determined from radon daughter products. Tabulated data indicate that with slow ...

As part of the US Department of Energy's Advanced Desiccant Technology Program, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is characterizing the state-of-the-art in desiccant dehumidifiers, the key component of desiccant cooling systems. The experime...

...verify the water content based on any humidity parameter (e.g. mole fraction water, local dewpoint, or absolute humidity). ...determined in § 1065.145(e)(2) plus 2 °C or if the mole fraction of water as measured in (d)(6) is less than...

the random detector noise limit is of order of a few times ... Introduction. The FIRAS (Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer) instrument ...... The rst frequency modulation occurs when the velocity of the MTM uctuates, ..... For each telemetered interferogram, the ight electronics generates a pseudo-random DC ...

Parametric instabilities in the presence of sinusoidal plasma density modulation are considered analytically and by numerical integration of the coupled mode equations. The density modulation tends to reduce temporal and spatial growth rates. If there is a linear density gradient in addition to the density modulation, the usual ...

This guide provides recommendations for curricular modules on low temperature physics. Designed for teachers and informal educators of middle school students. this guide complements the Absolute Zero Community Education Outreach Guide. Suggestions on leading discussions, increasing student participation, and the use of inquiry are included. This material ...

A general research approach was outlined toward understanding water-module interactions and the influence of temperature involving the need to: quantify module performance loss versus level of accumulated degradation, establish the dependence of the degradation reaction rate on module moisture and temperature levels, and determine ...

This technical report documents a test-to-failure protocol that may be used to obtain quantitative information about the reliability of photovoltaic modules using accelerated testing in environmental temperature-humidity chambers.

The experimental objectives of this report are: (1) compare the performance of modules exposed to high temperature and humidity; (2) determine the effects of different encapsulants on long term stability of CIGSS modules; and (3) analyze failure modes to determine areas in need of improvement.

High equipment first cost and high operating costs, if electricity is used to drive such a system, have prohibited the application of active humidity control equipment in comfort conditioning in the past. Instead, passive techniques have been applied. A comparison of passive capacity control methods to control humidity shows that only the combined face and ...

In accordance with interplanetary protection requirements space-craft intended to land on other planets must be of high microbiological purity. High temperatures and long exposure times are needed, to sufficiently treat space craft materials with dry heat. Humidity has been reported to have a major influence on dry heat inactivation of microorganisms. Data obtained in the ...

Using an electrostatic self-assembly process, metal nanoparticles are deposited on polyelectrolyte fibers such that the interparticle distance between the nanoparticles is comparable to the polyelectrolyte's molecular width. By modulating the dielectric properties of the interparticle polymer layer, a highly sensitive, reversible humidity sensor with an ...

... This has been used to measure absolute absorption coefficients versus wavelength for multiple quantum wells having rectangular ... ndt dnP A ...

Jul 20, 2005... was selected for "Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor;" and Oliver Lay, JPL was selected for " Modulated Sideband Technology for Absolute ...

This patent describes a multiprocessing system comprising a plurality of processor means responsive to user software running on the system for producing storage reference requests having real addresses, and a system storage formed by memory modules. The improvement consists of: interleaving transformation means for applying variable interleaving transformations to the real ...

To clarify effects of gravity on the water vapor exchange between plants and the ambient air, we evaluated the transpiration rate of plant leaves at 0.01, 1.0, and 2.0 g for 20 s each during parabolic airplane flights. The transpiration rates of a strawberry leaf and a replica leaf made of wet cloth were determined using a chamber method with humidity sensors. ...

As an alternative to the conventional optical frequency scanning technique, an angular spectrum scanning technique is proposed for absolute interferometry. Instead of sweeping the optical frequency over a wide range of spectrum, we sweep the angular spectrum by changing the incident angle of a monochromatic plane wave with a spatial light modulator (SLM). ...

Cooling experiments performed with test modules at the Passive Test Facility at Trinity University during 1981 are described. Two modules were used: a four foot square roof pond module, which was operated in parallel with a full size test building, and a ...

as function of the number of cracked cells. All modules show strong glass corrosion after the humidity freeze freeze cycles. In contrast to the prior tested PV modules this PV module does not show glass corrosion

The fabrication and testing phase of the program to develop a shingle-type solar cell module is well underway. Six modules are currently being subjected to a qualification testing program which consists of both thermal cycling and humidity exposures followed by a mechanical integrity test to simulate wind loads. Fabrication of the ...

The motivation for this program is the observation that the use of reliable and accurate hygrometers to monitor or control the processes in industrial drying chambers could result in a significant reduction in the energy usage of the United States. At the present time, there are no commercially available hygrometers which have the required characteristics of a measurement capability at ...

A one-year study of the EPR signal of ?-irradiated (60Co) l-?-alanine with simultaneous monitoring of the cavity Q-factor was undertaken. The widespread opinion that the EPR signal remains absolutely stable under normal laboratory storage conditions is inaccurate. At 0% humidity, the signal can be regarded as stable within +/-1% of its initial value for 6 ...

This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation into the absolute piston control and phasing of elements of a segmented mirror optical system using a modulated white-light radial shear interferometer to form electro-optical piston error sign...

Plants of the Urticaceae family can develop into a pest on soils enriched with nitrogen. Urticaceae pollen is a biohazard because it elicits severe pollinosis. Pollen grains were sampled by using a Lanzoni seven-day-recording trap from February 1995-December 2000 in the atmosphere of the city of Ponferrada (Leon, North Western Spain). The Spearman test was used to analyse the statistical ...

Heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) are used for airway humidification in mechanically ventilated patients and have been evaluated only under hospital conditions. U.S. Air Force aeromedical evacuation transports are performed under rugged conditions further complicated by the cold and dry environment in military aircrafts, and HMEs are used to provide airway humidification for patients. This study ...

by acclimating house sparrows (Passer domesticus) to either dry (6.5 g H2O m 3 absolute hu- midity) or humid (31~oz-Garcia and Williams (2005) reported that house sparrows (Passer domesticus L.) from the deserts of Saudi Arabia have sparrow, Passer domesticus. Comp Biochem Physiol A 17:203�217. Lillywhite H.B. 2004. Plasticity

gives absolute humidity 0.105 kg water / kg dry air. Relative humidity is 38-39 %, and cooling the gas) temperature � Simple cooling, lowering (dry bulb) temperature � Humidifying, adding moisture � De towerstowers /1/1 Wet cooling towers are used for rejecting waste heat from power plants, large air

This paper reviews psychrometric principles and shows how to formulate a psychrometric chart from a single equation. The chart is used to demonstrate the manner in which a conventional single-speed air conditioner adjusts its operating point in an attempt to control humidity over a range of conditions. The system performance with an electronically commutated motor (ECM) ...

A solar cell module introduced for use in Japan is described. Data on module and cell structure, absolute maximum ratings, electro-optical characteristics, solar battery power supply system, voltage-current relations, power-voltage relations, temperature dependence, and spectral sensitivity are presented. A smaller ...

A quantitative tool, the isoperm method, is described; it quantifies the effect of environmental factors of temperature (T) and percent relative humidity (%RH) on the anticipated useful life expectancy of paper-based collections. The isoperm method provides answers to questions of the expected lifetime of the collection under various temperature and relative ...

In this work, an absolute distance measurement method based on the self-mixing interference is presented. The principles of the method used three-mirror cavity equivalent model are studied in this paper, and the mathematical model is given. Wavelength modulation of the laser beam is obtained by saw-tooth modulating the infection ...

During hot and humid periods, a comfortable indoor environment can be attained only by controlling both the dry-bulb temperature and the humidity in the space. Conventional thermostats control the ON/OFF status of a cooling plant to maintain only the dry-bulb temperature within the conditioned space. This can result in the space dew-point temperature ...

A program to characterize a Breadboard of an Electrochemical Air Revitalization System (BEARS) was successfully completed. The BEARS is composed of three components: (1) a water vapor electrolysis module (WVEM) for O2 production and partial humidity contr...

Beadwall research on integration of renewable energy techniques in commercial greenhouses led to the design of a beadwall greenhouse which could reduce the energy consumption of a traditional greenhouse by up to 80%. Further research on humidity control a...

Kaleri also spent several hours in the Soyuz descent module changing out a pair of ventilation and humidity removal fans. He replaced the fans with a spare ...

The ATLAS collaboration will determine the absolute luminosity of the CERN LHC at Interaction Point 1 by measuring the trajectory of protons elastically scattered at very small angles (?rad). A scintillating fibre tracker system called ALFA (Absolute Luminosity For ATLAS) is proposed for this measurement. Detector modules will be ...

A requirement for neutrino telescope is the ability to resolve point sources of neutrinos. In order to understand its resolving power a way to perform absolute angular calibration with muons is required. Muons produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere offer an abundant calibration source. By covering a surface vessel with 200 modules of 5 m2 plastic ...

constant at tc then the same mass, is shown in Fig. 3. falls slowly to t~ while the air outlet absolute humidity rises to wB. The time for which air [having the property 3. ENERGYSTORAGEFORDRYINGPURI~SES GA. give rise to equal changes in the equilibrium state of the outlet air. If the load is changed from

Broadband IR transmission data measured at a coastal, tropical maritime site have been compared with LOWTRAN 6 model predictions. Transmittance data for a 7 km path plotted as a function of absolute humidity have been examined in six spectral regions from...

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) emits a wide variety of radioactive air contaminants. An extensive ambient air monitoring network, known as AIRNET, is operated on-site and in surrounding communities to estimate radioactive doses to the public. As part of this monitoring network, water vapor is sampled continuously at more than 50 sites. These water vapor samples are collected every two weeks ...

In general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, a circle system with a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) and a low total flow is often used to prevent hypothermia and to maintain inspired gas humidity. The purpose of the present study was to compare the inspired gas humidity and body temperature, in general anesthesia with or without an HME at two ...

Due to biases in the output of climate models, a bias correction is often needed to make the output suitable for use in hydrological simulations. In most cases only the temperature and precipitation values are bias corrected. However, often there are also biases in other variables such as radiation, humidity and wind speed. In this study we tested to what extent it is also ...

Diacetyl (2,3-butanedione), a diketone chemical used to impart a buttery taste in many flavoring mixtures, has been associated with bronchiolitis obliterans in several industrial settings. For workplace evaluations in 2000-2006, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) investigators used NIOSH Method 2557, a sampling and analytical method for airborne diacetyl utilizing carbon ...

We explored the optimum conditions in modulation of the program temperature and sample preparation to obtain absolute values of heat capac- ity from quasi-isothermal measurements of temperature-modulated differen- tial scanning calorimetry. A Mettler-Toledo 820 calorimeter and Perkin-Elmer DSC 7 were used for this work, using ...

A system for detecting the phase of a frequency of phase modulated signal that includes digital quadrature sampling of the frequency or phase modulated signal at two times that are one quarter of a cycle of a reference signal apart, determination of the arctangent of the ratio of a first sampling of the frequency or phase modulated ...

Damping of the plasma toroidal velocity owing to parallel viscosity is observed in the Compact Helical System-torsatron device with tangential neutral-beam injection. The toroidal velocity profile is dominated by perpendicular viscosity when the magnetic-field modulation is weak near the axis. However, parallel viscosity is found to be dominant when the ...

Leakage currents were experimentally measured in PV modules undergoing natural aging outdoors, and in PV modules undergoing accelerated aging in laboratory environmental chambers. The significant contributors to module leakage current were identified with a long range goal to develop techniques to reduce or stop ...

Using an iodine cell with fixed gas pressure, we built a simple frequency reference at 1064 nm with 10 MHz absolute accuracy and used it to demonstrate deterministic phase locking between two single-frequency lasers. The reference was designed to be as simple as possible, and it does not use a cooler or frequency modulator. This system should be useful, ...

Using collinear fast beam cw dye laser modulation spectroscopy, accurate lifetimes in Th II have been measured. Together with known branching ratios, these lifetimes have allowed the determination of absolute oscillator strengths for Th II. This element is of astrophysical interest as a chronometer for stellar and galaxy evolution, with oscillator ...

Absolute cross sections for the single ionization of Rb/sup +/ ions by electron impact have been measured as a function of electron energy from below threshold to approximately 2000 eV. Measurements were made in a crossed-beam facility having modulated beams. Numerous consistency checks were performed to evaluate possible sources of experimental error. ...

The atom-beam recoil technique was used to measure absolute total cross sections for the scattering of electrons by atomic and molecular oxygen at 22 energies between 0.5 and 11.3 eV, with additional data obtained up to 100 eV. In this method, a modulated...

The atom beam recoil technique was used to measure absolute total cross sections for the scattering of electrons by atomic and molecular oxygen at 22 energies between 0.5 and 11.3 eV, with additional data obtained up to 100 eV. In this method, a modulated...

Predictions of trends in the distribution of known diseases can be used to inform and drive public health action. Given the strong linkage between climate and influenza, we propose an in-depth study of the relationship between humdidty and other climate variables and influenza morbidity and mortality at various temporal and spatial scales. Although several studies indicate that relative ...

The dynamics of ozone and OH radicals are studied in pulsed corona discharge plasma in a humid-air environment. Ozone density is measured by the laser absorption method, and OH density is measured by the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method. A 100-ns pulsed corona discharge occurs between a series of 25 needle electrodes and a plate electrode. After the pulsed discharge, ...

stable systems (i.e., phase stability over time) operating at ... displacement error budget, an absolute phase stability of 1- deg is required. ...

, the brain is adaptable, and needs to be moulded and shaped. Perhaps the aims of education for adolescents and creative and yet have absolutely no ear for music. On the other hand, a single module can survive while

A technique developed to measure electron energy deposition in metals has been applied to the determination of bremsstrahlung deposition. In this method a square-wave beam modulation is employed and the time-derivative of a calorimeter temperature is used...

We describe a new optical detection technique, termed "spatially modulated fluorescence emission," that delivers high signal-to-noise discrimination without precision optics to enable a flow cytometer that can combine high performance, robustness, compactness, low cost, and ease of use. The detection technique is demonstrated with measurements of absolute ...

A nonincremental interferometer for the absolute measurement of distances is presented. The measuring technique is based on both dispersive white-light (DWL) interferometry and frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) interferometry. The proposed configuration integrates both techniques in the same interferometer by use of a single laser diode. This ...

In this study the contribution of meteorological parameters to the total variability of respiratory infections (RI) is analysed. For this purpose, data on the daily numbers of general practitioner (GP) consultations for RI during the year 2002 were used. This dataset has been compiled by the Local Health Service in the surroundings of Athens, Greece (Acharnes city). The meteorological data ...

This paper will introduce a desiccant-assisted system that combines dehumidification and mechanical refrigeration by means of a desiccant preconditioning module that can serve two or more conventional air-conditioning (A/C) units. It will be demonstrated that the proposed system, also having indirect evaporative cooling within the preconditioning module, ...

The Service Module (SM) is an element of the Russian Segment of the International Space Station (ISS). One of the functions of the SM is to provide attitude control for the ISS using thrusters when the U.S. Control Moment Gyros (CMG's) must be desaturated...

A comprehensive comparison of five inorganic aerosol thermodynamic equilibrium modules, MARS-A, SEQUILIB, SCAPE2, EQUISOLV II, and AIM2, was conducted for a variety of atmospheric concentrations of particulate matter (PM) constituents, relative humidities (RHs), and temperatures....

As part of the US Department of Energy`s Advanced Desiccant Technology Program, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is characterizing the state-of-the-art in desiccant dehumidifiers, the key component of desiccant cooling systems. The experimental data will provide industry and end users with independent performance evaluation and help researchers assess the energy savings potential of ...

Important physical properties of materials used in PV module packaging are presented. High-moisture-barrier, high-resistivity, adhesion-promoting coatings on polyethyl-ene terephthalate (PET) films have been fabricated and characterized for use in PV module application and com-pared to standard polymer backsheet materials. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) ...

The impact of humidity and temperature on a zinc oxide based transparent conducting oxide (TCO) was assessed under accelerated aging conditions. An in situ electroanalytical method was used to monitor the electrical properties for a conducting zinc oxide under controlled atmospheric (humidity, temperature and irradiation) conditions. A review of thin film ...

The effect of amplitude modulation of pulse trains on the loudness perceived by cochlear implantees was investigated for different overall levels of the signal, modulation depth and the carrier rate of the pulse train. Equally loud and threshold levels were determined for a variety of signal levels, modulation depths and carrier rates ...

A new fiber-optic technique to eliminate residual amplitude modulation in tunable diode laser wavelength modulation spectroscopy is presented. The modulated laser output is split to pass in parallel through the gas measurement cell and an optical fiber delay line, with the modulation frequency / delay chosen to ...

Fifty specified lines of {sup 127}I{sub 2} were studied by Doppler-free frequency modulation spectroscopy. For each line the classification of the molecular transition was determined, hyperfine components were identified, and one well-resolved component was selected for precise determination of its absolute frequency. In 3 cases, a nearby alternate line ...

Parental care provides considerable benefits to offspring and is widespread among animals, yet it is relatively uncommon among squamate reptiles (e.g., lizards and snakes). However, all pythonine snakes show extended maternal egg brooding with some species being facultatively endothermic. While facultative endothermy provides thermal benefits, the presence of brooding in non-endothermic species ...

The breadboard version of the UVAH was successfully designed and fabricated. During this process, tests were performed on the components and assemblies in order to assure the validity of the design concepts. A performance model of the UVAH was developed on the SSI computer, in order to guide the design, assess the performance, and analyze the data of the UVAH. The success of the design effort was ...

During neonatal respiratory support, maintaining optimal humidity minimizes the risk of airway occlusion and chronic lung disease. With neonatal respiratory support using a heated humidifier,condensation following decreases in temperature within the unheated part of the inspiratory circuit represents a serious problem, due to the resulting drop in absolute ...