Rotary and linear position sensors are used in numerous manufacturing and automotive applications, where cost effectiveness and the ability of integration are major goals. To meet the increasing demand for competitive optical rotary encoders, in recent years a novel type of optical encoders have been proposed and demonstrated using a ...

and using linear feedback shift registers with connection polynomial of degree n, the maximal length can for the desired linear feedback shift register. Input: an integer e 2. Outputs: a polynomial a(x) F2[X] of degree a circular sequence of length 360. So, 15 is the minimum number of sensors needed among all linear feedback

... ADA078622. Title : A Linear Programming Approach to a Simple Linear Regression Problem with Least Absolute Value Criterion. ...

A novel linearized interrogation method is presented for Fourier-domain mode locked (FDML) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system. In the ultra high-speed regime over 10 kHz modulation, only sine wave is available to scan a center wavelength of FDML wavelength-swept laser instead of conventional triangular wave. However, sine wave modulation has been suffered an exaggerated ...

... Title : A Special Purpose Linear Programming Algorithm for Obtaining Least Absolute Value Estimators in a Linear Model with Dummy Variables. ...

A new gap separation mechanism for use with the standard Advanced Photon Source (APS) 3.3-cm-period undulator magnetic structures has been designed and built and the first system has been installed in the APS storage ring. The system allows a minimum magnetic gap of 10 mm for use with the APS 8-mm insertion device vacuum chambers. The mechanism is a bolted steel frame structure with a simple ...

This paper presents a linear programming approach to solve simple linear regression problems with the least absolute value criterion. The solution technique uses linear programming with an extended minimum ratio rule. A computational study indicates the e...

A spring force loaded contact wheel mounted in a stationary position relative to a reciprocating shaft is disclosed. The apparatus of the present invention includes a tensioning assembly for maintaining absolute contact between the contact wheel and the reciprocating shaft wherein the tensioning assembly urges the contact wheel against the shaft to maintain contact there ...

A spring force loaded contact wheel mounted in a stationary position relative to a reciprocating shaft is disclosed. The apparatus of the present invention includes a tensioning assembly for maintaining absolute contact between the contact wheel and the reciprocating shaft wherein the tensioning assembly urges the contact wheel against the shaft to maintain contact ...

Compare the graph of a linear function, the graph of an absolute-value function, and the graphs of their translations. Vary the coefficients and constants in the functions and investigate how the graphs change in response.

information. Keywords: multiple linear regression, robustness, relative and absolute infor- mation, compositional data 1 Introduction In multiple linear regression we consider a linear combination of several ex in estimations of parameters of a linear functional that reveal how the response ...

Defines different kinds of inequalities including linear, rational, polynomial, and ones involving absolute values.

We developed a high-resolution absolute optical encode that achieves a resolution of 4,194,304 Division/Rev at a diameter of 34mm, based on the new angle detection principles, by which the two sets of interpolation data of two differing cycles and M-Code data are mixed. This absolute encoder also achieves an ...

The theory of absolute and convective instabilities in a plasma is discussed, and it is questionable, as it describes the linear development of instabilities by their behavior in the time asymptotic limit. In order to make sensible predictions on the line...

The theory of absolute and convective instabilities is discussed and we argue that the basis of the theory is questionable, since it describes the linear development of instabilities by their behaviour in the time asymptotic limit. In order to make sensib...

... A linear optics quantum computation scheme based on such an encoding ... amplitudes is achieved using a number of new teleportation techniques. ...

Explore and compare the graphs of y = f(x) and y = f(x). By comparing the graphs of these functions to the graph of y = f(x), you will see how absolute value can affect the input and output values of linear functions.

A comparison is made between linear programming and weighted least squares approach to absolute deviation curve fitting. The computational results are consistent in showing linear programming substantially reduces solution times while requiring only a rel...

... The ratio of absolute and convective instability thresholds is large whenever the damping lengths of the linear uncoupled modes have very ...

... which satisfy the inequality the absolute value of ... THEORY, *CELESTIAL MECHANICS), LINEAR SYSTEMS, STABILITY, ORBITS, MATHEMATICAL ...

... Title : INVESTIGATION OF NONLINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS. PART 5. PIECE-WISE LINEAR METHODS AND ABSOLUTE STABILITY. ...

An extensive Monte Carlo analysis is conducted to determine the performance of robust linear regression techniques with and without outliers. Thirteen methods of regression are compared including least squares and minimum absolute deviation. The classical...

... to a depth using a linear polynomial, 2) computing the error ratio of absolute bias of few data points below that depth versus the root-mean-square ...

... Various conditions sufficient to guarantee the linear instability of the process are ... acting on a phase boundary to the local absolute temperature and ...

Mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic variation, and genetic variation is absolutely should make the study of mutation the foundation of evolutionary genetics. Unfortunately, this is very of deleterious mutations. Genetic information is encoded in nucleic acids; genetic variation is created when

In this paper, optimal encoding schemes for linear associative memories are derived for biased association under both the white-noise and colored-noise situations. Analysis and simulation results all show that the biased encodings thus derived are optimal and superior to existing models in their performance. Together with the ...

Dummy (0, 1) variables are frequently used in statistical modeling to represent the effect of certain extraneous factors. This paper presents a special purpose linear programming algorithm for obtaining least-absolute-value estimators in a linear model wi...

The present report addresses the electrical activity of the frog retina assessed using electroretinogram (ERG) recordings of responses to instantaneous changes from a reference line stimulus with fixed luminance and orientation to a test stimulus consisting of a line of different luminance and orientation. The analysis revealed two types of retinal responses. Responses to onset and offset of the ...

NIST has recently established a detectorbased luminous intensity unit (candela, cd), which is derived from the NIST absolute cryogenic radiometer. Subsequently, the luminous flux unit (lumen, lm) and the luminance unit (cd/m 2) have been established based on the detector-based candela, and now all the NIST photometric units are tied to the cryogenic radiometer. The illuminance ...

Age and stimulus rise time (RT) effects on response latency were investigated for inferior colliculus (IC) neurons in young-adult and old CBA mice. Single-unit responses were recorded to unmodulated and sinusoidal amplitude modulated (SAM) broadband noise carriers, presented at 35 to 80 dB SPL. Data from 63 young-adult and 76 old phasic units were analyzed to identify the time interval between ...

We present expressions for absolute and relative errors in individual components of the solution to systems of linear equations. We consider three kinds of linear systems: non-singular, underdetermined of full row rank, and least squares of full column ra...

The report presents a statistical evaluation of the response modification factor for reinforced concrete structures. The response modification factor R is defined as the ratio of the absolute maximum linear elastic base shear to the absolute maximum nonli...

This paper considers the problem of obtaining the best subset of regressors under a least absolute value criterion. The model is the classic linear regression model with m explanatory variables and a dependent variable. The importance of the explanatory v...

The critical current, oscillation frequency, and characteristic wave number for the excitation of absolute instability in gyropeniotron amplifiers are calculated from the linear dispersion relation by following the Briggs--Bers criterion. Numerical results are presented for some cases of interest.

Methods to perform the absolute energy calibration of DELPHI's Small Angle Tagger luminosity calorimeters at LEP are presented and compared. The input was small angle Bhabha scattering events. A significant non-linearity in the response of the calorimeter...

Linear Cyclic Codes. This worksheet details the example of the linear cyclic code presented in the text. The code has 128 code words hence it can encode the ...

A kind of precision harmonic gear drive in the focusing mechanism of space camera is studied, which adopt external meshing complex wave transmission mode. Wave generator is combined with an elliptic cam and a flexible bearing around it. Flexspline is a structure of single wave with the same teeth. The output shaft is supported by a single crossroller bearing. Ball screws connected the output shaft ...

The disposition of metoclopramide was studied on a four-way crossover basis in six healthy non-smoking volunteers. The linearity of kinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability of metoclopramide were examined. In contrast to previous reports, metoclopramide obeyed linear kinetics over oral doses ranging from 5 to 20 mg. The ...

... One of the earliest proposals for implementing quantum computation was based on encoding each qubit in two optical modes, each containing ...

-Descartes F, 67084 Strasbourg, France c INSERM, U642, Rennes, F-35000, France d Universit� de Rennes 1, LTSI

... slowly varying amplitude approximations and took into account linear and ... 3, the solid line shows the fit with ... The values of absolute value of X< 3 ...

density expressed as specific gravity; vs chlorinity or absolute salinity; linear, quadratic - residual sulphate concentrations form composition analysis of ...

... D heated jets, experiments showed that local absolute instability ... EXCITATION, TURBULENCE, LINEARITY, HEATING, RESONANCE, WAKE, TWO ...

This lesson focuses on finding appropriate non linear functions to model real world phenomena. Various cases are examined before the absolute value function and equations and inequalities are introduced.

However, for density ratios above 0.525 the absolute growth rates are negative meaning the jet is convectively unstable. As the jet proceeds downstream from ...

Jan 31, 2011 ... 0.1K (k=3) for the IR spectra absolute accuracy required. ... Instantaneous changes are nonlinear: decadal change is highly linear ...

... Besides, the small absolute values of non-linear deformation in ceramic materials restricts the opportunity for multiple loading-unloading operations ...

Purkinje cells can encode the strength of parallel fiber inputs in their firing by using 2 fundamentally different mechanisms, either as pauses or as linear increases in firing rate. It is not clear which of these 2 encoding mechanisms is used by the cerebellum. We used the pattern-recognition capacity of Purkinje cells based on the ...

output parametric models for non-linear systems ... part II: stochastic non- linear systems. Int. J. Con- trol 41(2), 329344. Ljung, L. (1999). ...

Time encoding is a formal method of mapping amplitude information into a time sequence. We shaw that under simple conditions, bandlimited stimuli encoded with an integrate-and-fire neuron with an absolute refractory period can be recovered loss-free from the neural spike train at its output. We provide an algorithm for perfect ...

A light-in light-out absolute encoder is described based on a Manchester encoded pseudo- random binary sequence scale. Optical fiber connections of 100 micrometers are employed and 13- bit resolution is demonstrated.

A light-in light-out absolute encoder is described based on a Manchester encoded pseudo- random binary sequence scale. Optical fiber connections of 100 micrometers are employed and 13- bit resolution is demonstrated.

Measurement of the absolute phase of the surface second-harmonic light field respect to the pump field. i.e., the phase of the surface non-linear susceptibility is described. From such studies the absolute orientation of surface molecules can be determine...

The full Raman scattering equations have been solved in a linear density profile in an attempt to overcome the local nature of most previous analyses. The global solution obtained elucidates the transition between absolute and convective Raman instabilities. Feedback linking backward and forward Raman scattering can result in an instability that is ...

The problem of a charged particle in the presence of a variable magnetic field is considered. Using the linear and the quadratic invariants as a tool, the wave functions in Fock state as well as in coherent state are obtained. The corresponding propagators which propagate the wave functions in the space-time are derived. Using numerical computations we have managed to draw ...

Optical encoders are commonly used for high accuracy position measurement, both linear and angular. In order to determine the position, the optical encoder generates two electrical signals that are combined using the arctangent algorithm. There are a number of situations, optical, mechanical and electronic, that affect these signals ...

The absolute loss is the absolute difference between the desired and predicted outcome. I demonstrate worst-case upper bounds on the absolute loss for the perceptron algorithm and an exponentiated update algorithm related to the Weighted Majority algorithm. The bounds characterize the behavior of the algorithms over any sequence of ...

An absolute capacitance dilatometer has been used to determine the linear thermal expansivities for high purity copper, aluminum and silicon from below 10 exp 0 K to above room temperature. The accuracy of the results for the lowest expansion material, si...

Cylindrical liquid jets are inherently unstable and eventually break into drops due to the Rayleigh-Plateau instability, characterized by the growth of disturbances that are either convective or absolute in nature. Convective instabilities grow in amplitude as they are swept along by the flow, while absolute instabilities are disturbances that grow at a ...

A precision system for the continuous and rapid measurement of absolute thermoelectric power (TEP) under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure has been developed. The design is centered around a fourth order polynomial curve fitting circuit which enables: (1) linearization of thermocouple-temperature characteristic, and (2) simulation of the ...

Whistler mode wave emissions in the magnetosheath, known as lion roars, are thought to be generated by an electron cyclotron instability. Reported satellite data are used to model a magnetosheath medium where lion roars emissions occurred, and the character, absolute or convective, of the associated electron cyclotron instability is studied. A linear hot ...

Spatial encoding in MRI is conventionally achieved by the application of switchable linear encoding fields. The general concept of the recently introduced PatLoc (Parallel Imaging Technique using Localized Gradients) encoding is to use nonlinear fields to achieve spatial encoding. Relaxing the ...

In this study, a laser linear encoder with three degrees of freedom (3-DOFs) based on diffraction and interference was developed to measure the linear displacement and two angular errors of a linear moving stage. Parts of the linear motion errors induced from the two angular errors can be ...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-l) is the etiological agent for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 encodes a small trans- acting regulatory protein, Tat, which is absolutely essential for viral replication and is conserved in th...

... :absolute}{language:0}{textEncoding:0}{justify:left} [00:00:00] (music) ... [00:01:05] Now, if 10000 sounds like a lot, by comparison the room that ...

Absolute x-ray calibration of laser-produced plasmas was performed using a CCD linear array and a focusing crystal spectrometer. The plasmas were created by a Nd glass laser and a high repetition rate Nd-YAG laser. A commercial CCD was used for x-ray detection. The CCD linear array has 3724 pixels giving a total length of approximately ...

Rotary sensors are an essential component in numerous applications where a rotation movement has to be detected. With optical encoders, a high angular resolution can be achieved. As a disadvantage, the resolution enhancement is associated with increasing cost. To overcome this issue, a coding principle is presented that uses a diffractive solid measure on a microstructured ...

shape but vary in absolute metrics, Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana; Kamil & Jones, 1997, 2000 rule learning by nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana), pigeons (Columba livia), and jackdaws (Corvus mon). Geometric rule learning by Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana). Journal of Experimental Psychol- ogy

by a modular encoder design that includes a linear transformation of the original data and scalar quantization this limits the rate�distortion perfor- mance, but also makes design and encoding much simpler. Transform is so common that these constraints are often presupposed in the design of a transform coding system

This animation shows how a plasmid responsible for encoding a gene can be cut. The plasmid can be altered with the addition of linear DNA to form a recombinant plasmid to encode a new gene of interest.This is the first of four animations detailing the gene cloning process.

Both linear and area gas proportional counter position-sensitive detectors (PSDs) are used at IPNS, and both charge-division and rise-time encoding schemes are used for these detectors. Impedance mismatching at the detector ends can lead to nonlinearities in the analog portion of the encoding circuits, and digitization errors can lead ...

A linear fluid code solving the equations for the two-plasmon decay (TPD) instability has been developed and used to study the TPD instability. Both absolute and convective modes are observed in the simulations using this code, which show that the absolute modes are located close to the quarter-critical-density surface while the ...

Dynamical mechanisms underlying the equilibration of absolute instability are examined in a nonlinear, quasigeostrophic, two-layer model. The key to understanding the nonlinear equilibration is in recognizing that linear absolute instabilities can be stabilized by a reduction of the vertical shear and by enhancement of the mean ...

Using multiple time scale analysis, the nonlinear saturation of the absolute stimulated Raman scattering instability is examined in a finite homogeneous collisional plasma. The amplitude of the incident wave is assumed to exceed the absolute instability threshold by the fractional amount ..delta..(<<1). A single backscattered wave and a single plasma ...

contacting linear voice coil actuator consisting of a magnet fixed to the base and a moving coil. The position of the link is measured by an optical Moire encoder. ...

Extended Kalman Filter. Page 2. This Page Intentionally Left Blank ..... a non- linear Kalman filter to fuse the IMU yaw and wheel encoder data for vehicle ...

... full potential. ... approach and finding transformation of the linear encoder readings ... beam steering employs gimbals for coarse steering augmented by ...

... 3.6 Spatial Scan Linearity This test calibrates the potentiometer which encodes the angular displacement of the rotating mirrors. ... parabolic mirror. ...

... shift register sequences is well treated by Golomb [Ref. ... of using nonlinear as well as linear operations. ... no feedback present, that is, the outputs are ...

... This algorithms has a complexity of iterations and arithmetic operations, where m is a number of variables and L is the size of the problem encoding ...

... Additional redundancy reduction of information is obtained by means of a pattern-matching technique, which encodes the three formant ...

BackgroundMass spectrometry is a key technique in proteomics and can be used to analyze complex samples quickly. One key problem with the mass spectrometric analysis of peptides and proteins, however, is the fact that absolute quantification is severely hampered by the unclear relationship between the observed peak intensity and the peptide concentration in the sample. While ...

We report on new charge calibrations and linearity tests with high-dynamic range for eight different scintillating screens typically used for the detection of relativistic electrons from laser-plasma based acceleration schemes. The absolute charge calibration was done with picosecond electron bunches at the ELBE linear accelerator in ...

In order to measure dynamic interpolation errors of photoelectric encoder of high precision, the dynamic evaluation system of interpolation errors is introduced. Firstly, the fine Moiré signal of encoder which is collected with the high-speed data gathering card into the computer is treated to equiangular data with the method of ...

A non-contacting linear position location system employs a special transmission line to encode and transmit magnetic signals to a receiver on the object whose position is to be measured. The invention is useful as a non-contact linear locator of moving objects, e.g., to determine the location of a magnetic-levitation train for the ...

When a contractive map is forced by a chaotic discontinuous system, the asymptotic response function that defines the attracting invariant set can be highly irregular. In this context, it is natural to ask whether the invariant distributions of the base and factor systems share the same characteristics and in particular, whether the factor distribution of an absolutely ...

The absolute stability of Lurie system with multiple time delays and nonlinearities is considered in this paper. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, using the descriptor system approach and the method of decomposing matrices, a novel delay-dependent sufficient condition for the absolute stability of Lurie system is derived and expressed in the form of ...

Advances in ultra-short pulse laser technology have resulted in commercially available laser systems capable of generating high peak powers >1GW in tabletop systems. This opens the prospect of generating very wide spectral emissions with a combination of non-linear optical effects in photonic crystal fibres to produce supercontinuua in systems that are readily accessible to ...

on the initial weight vector, plus a per-trial loss. The per-trial loss can be eliminated if the learning of examples converges to a linear function with the minimum absolute loss [9]. A version of the Weighted. The absolute loss of a weight vector w on a trial (x, I) is determined by: Loss(w, (x, I)) = ylo - y if y

The author has identified the following significant results. A theoretical evaluation of the proportional and linear relationship between absolute and relative thermal inertia was performed, and a potentially more accurate expression for absolute thermal inertia mapping was proposed.

Let mu and mu sub 1 probability measures on a locally convex Hausdorff real topological linear space E. C.R. Baker posed the problem of characterizing the absolute continuity of mu and mu sub 1 by their characteristic functionals. The aim of this paper is...

The high-frequency 'convective' loss-cone mode in a mirror-confined plasma is shown to be absolutely unstable as a result of wave reflection from the mirror throats, provided that the plasma length is greater than an axial wavelength. Critical lengths for stability are only a few ion gyroradii for fusion parameters, much smaller than previous estimates. This result places ...

This paper presents measurement of the X-directional position and the Z-directional out-of-straightness of a precision linear air-bearing stage with a two-degree-of-freedom (two-DOF) linear encoder, which is an optical displacement sensor for simultaneous measurement of the two-DOF displacements. The two-DOF linear ...

In this work, an absolute distance measurement method based on the self-mixing interference is presented. The principles of the method used three-mirror cavity equivalent model are studied in this paper, and the mathematical model is given. Wavelength modulation of the laser beam is obtained by saw-tooth modulating the infection current of the laser diode. ...

Let Lambda(1) and alpha(1) be respectively the eigenvalue of largest modulus and largest singular value of a linear operator A. Then A is called radial if absolute value of lambda(1)=alpha(1). This paper is concerned with an examination of radial compound...

The Arrhenius relation predicts a linear relation between log of time to property change and inverse absolute temperature, with the Arrhenius activation energy E(sub a) given from the slope. For a nitrile rubber, Arrhenius behavior is observed for elongat...

We present a first practical demonstration of Raman spectroscopy to obtain high definition maps of rotational temperatures and absolute densities in molecular supersonic jets. {copyright} {ital 1995 The American Physical Society.}

... linear range of the autoradiographic film. The relative optical density (ROD) of the signal on autoradiographic film was ... AB1548; Chemicon International) as described above. The absolute optical densit...

A precision detector to measure synchrotron radiation beam positions has been designed and installed as part of beam energy spectrometers at the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC). The distance between pairs of synchrotron radiation beams is measured absolute...

Linear and nonlinear spectral mixture models applied to Clementine multispectral images of the Moon result in roughly similar spatial distributions of endmember abundances. However, there are important differences in the absolute values of the predicted a...

The significant sources of photoneutrons within a linear-accelerator treatment head are identified and absolute estimates of neutron production per treatment dose are given for typical components. Measured data obtained at a variety of accelerator install...

Burgers equation, absolute error ......... 54. DMFDSFV,. Burgers equation, .... for non-linear advection case. 103. Mesh and DMFDSFV solution after three adaption ...... A hyperbolic conservation law tbr systems. (Eqn. 2.2) is written ...

Measurement of the thermal conductivity of ice I (the normal phase at atmospheric pressure) over the temperature range 4 to 273 K has been attempted. First the linear absolute method was employed in which an adiabatically shielded copper block (1 kg) prov...

estimates; however, these operations may introduce further uncertainty in DTWS [ Swenson et al., .... problem solving, and #�# represents the absolute value. A ..... tions of secondorder cone programming, Linear Algebra Appl., 284, ...

The final preflight calibration tests of the CVF(Circular Variable Filter) II spectroradiometer were performed in the Aerospace Research Chamber (7V). These tests included linearity, absolute responsivity, angular response, frequency response, and wavelen...

Contents: Absolute determination of the flow birefringence coefficient for gases of linear molecules at room temperature; The temperature dependence of flow birefringence in gases; A comparison of data on the viscomagnetic effect, flow birefringence and d...

A new large sample of 425 double radio sources is studied. A strong inverse correlation between the absolute brightness and the linear size of a double radio source is shown to exist. Since there is a tendency of observing preferentially bright and thus s...

A spatially localized instability t..-->..l+s, whose properties are in agreement with the predictions of the linear and nonlinear theories, was detected in the inhomogeneous plasma in the region of the field peak in front of the reflection point of the pump wave.

Considered are criteria of strengthening and instability of waves in non-uniform and, particularly, in periodic media. The Green function method is used. It is shown, that absolute instability takes place, if there is a special point of the Green function...

Traditional American Indian education reflects beliefs that no single absolute truth exists, and that children learn by observing and interacting with others who know bits of the truth. Mainstream education sees teachers as the most important dispensers of universal truth learned in linear fashion. These views may be incompatible. (SV)

... 5 r : heat source per unit mass (ie, radiation) e � θη = - : Helmholtz free energy per unit mass θ : absolute temperature η : entropy per unit mass ...

Two absolute energy minimum principles are developed for first-principle linear-scaling electronic structure calculations. One is with a normalization constraint and the other without any constraint. The density matrix is represented by a set of nonorthogonal localized orbitals and an auxiliary matrix which at the minimum becomes a generalized inverse of ...

Both linear and area gas proportional counter position-sensitive detectors (PSDs) are used at IPNS, and both charge-division and rise-time encoding schemes are used for these detectors. Impedance mismatching at the detector ends can lead to nonlinearities...

Electrophilic additions of hydrogen halides to alkenes in the gas phase are investigated with a high-level ab initio method, MP2/6-311+G(3df,2p). Based on this, the interesting features of these reactions along the IRC routes are characterized by the molecular face (MF) theory. For an alkene at the initial state, if the representative electron density (ED) encoded on the ...

A novel laser Doppler linear encoder system (LDLE) has been developed at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. A self-aligning 3-D multiple-reflection optical design was used for the laser Doppler displacement meter (LDDM) to extend the encoder system resolution. The encoder is compact [about 70 ...

We study the time-delay and unidirectionally coupled ring and linear arrays of chaotic systems, and find that under certain conditions, the linear array can spatial periodically "copy" the chaotic dynamics of the ring with very long anticipation times. Numerical calculations of the Lyapunov exponents show that the delay times can result in unsynchronized ...

We describe an experiment in which a physical qubit represented by the polarization state of a single photon was probabilistically encoded in the logical state of two photons. The experiment relied on linear optics, postselection, and three-photon interference effects produced by a parametric down-conversion photon pair and a weak coherent state. An ...

Linear laser encoders have been widely used for precision positioning control of a linear stage. We develop a five-degrees-of-freedom (5-DOF) laser linear encoder to simultaneously measure the position, straightness, pitch, roll, and yaw errors along one moving axis. This study integrates the ...

We demonstrate a simple method to directly measure the micromotion speed and amplitude of ions far away from the nodal line of the linear quadrupole trap using the cross-correlation technique. For the ions very close to the trap nodal line, the micromotion speed and amplitude of ions can also be deduced through linear fitting. This work gives us a direct ...

A randomly driven linear filter that synthesizes Lorenz-like, reverse-time chaos is shown also to produce R�ssler-like folded band wave forms when driven using a different encoding of the random source. The relationship between the topological entropy of the random source, dissipation in the linear filter, and the positive Lyapunov ...

The view that successful memory performance depends importantly on the extent to which there is a match between the encoding and retrieval conditions is commonplace in memory research. However, Nairne (Memory, 10, 389-395, 2002) proposed that this idea about trace-cue compatibility being the driving force behind memory retention is a myth, because one cannot make unequivocal ...

We detail the design and operation of an electrical substitution radiometer, which measures the absolute fluence of thermal neutron beams based on neutron absorption in a 6Li-rich metallic alloy. We demonstrate that the device possesses a linear response to electrical power in the 50-500 nW range with better than 0.1% absolute accuracy ...

A linear absolute dilatometer based on a three-terminal parallel-plate capacitor design has been used to obtain thermal expansion data for high-purity copper and aluminum from 5 to 320 K. These data have an absolute accuracy of +- 0.1% above 20 K for copper and above 30 K for aluminum, and agree well with published data at the higher ...

The three dimensional boundary layer over a rotating disk is accordingly subject to an absolute mode of instability, whose role in transition process is still not well understood. Depending upon the methods of investigation and the associated assumptions, the scenario for the last stage of transition appears either convectively or absolutely dominated (see ...

A multi-axis, step motor control system was developed to accurately position and control the operation of a triple axis spectrometer at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Triple axis spectrometers are used in neutron scattering and diffraction experiments and require highly accurate positioning. This motion control system can handle up to 16 axes of ...

Using a RF pulse with linear frequency sweep and a simultaneous encoding gradient, magnetization is sequentially excited accompanied by a quadratic phase profile. This quadratic dependence of magnetization phase on position dephases magnetization away from its vertices, allowing direct spatial encoding and image formation in the time ...

A method of quadrature amplitude modulation involving encoding phase differentially and amplitude absolutely, allowing for a high data rate and spectral efficiency in data transmission and other communication applications, and allowing for amplitude scaling to facilitate data recovery; amplitude scale tracking to track-out rapid and severe scale variations ...

A method of quadrature amplitude modulation involving encoding phase differentially and amplitude absolutely, allowing for a high data rate and spectral efficiency in data transmission and other communication applications, and allowing for amplitude scaling to facilitate data recovery; amplitude scale tracking to track-out rapid and severe scale variations ...

A method of quadrature amplitude modulation involving encoding phase differentially and amplitude absolutely, allowing for a high data rate and spectral efficiency in data transmission and other communication applications, and allowing for amplitude scaling to facilitate data recovery; amplitude scale tracking to track-out rapid and severe scale variations ...

A method of quadrature amplitude modulation involving encoding phase differentially and amplitude absolutely, allowing for a high data rate and spectral efficiency in data transmission and other communication applications, and allowing for amplitude scaling to facilitate data recovery; amplitude scale tracking to track-out rapid and severe scale variations ...

A method of quadrature amplitude modulation involving encoding phase differentially and amplitude absolutely, allowing for a high data rate and spectral efficiency in data transmission and other communication applications, and allowing for amplitude scaling to facilitate data recovery; amplitude scale tracking to track-out rapid and severe scale variations ...

Absolute pitch (AP) is a rare skill, historically defined as the ability to name notes. Until now, methodologic limitations made it impossible to directly test the extent to which the development of AP depends on musical training. Using a new paradigm, we tested children with minimal musical experience. Although most children performed poorly, two performed comparably to adult ...

remained open since the inception of linear logic [Gir87]. Progress towards a solution was made by Girard, to quote Girard, monomial proof nets are ``far from being absolutely satisfactory'' [Gir96]. We illustrate approach to cut suffers from the same problem as Girard's monomial proof nets: in the presence of cuts

Parametric instabilities in the presence of sinusoidal plasma density modulation are considered analytically and by numerical integration of the coupled mode equations. The density modulation tends to reduce temporal and spatial growth rates. If there is a linear density gradient in addition to the density modulation, the usual convective saturation exists for small ...

In this paper we consider B-wavelets of order 2, i.e. piecewise linear spline prewavelets of smallest support, over nonuniform knot sequences. We discuss an example showing that for 1 is less than p is less than or equal to infinity, there is no absolute ...

An analog fourth order polynomial curve fitting circuit was designed to linearize the thermocouple voltages of standard thermocouples. Typical design data and performance of the circuit is illustrated for the Type K thermocouple. This circuit can also be used to linearize the outputs of other types of transducers and simulate nonlinear variations with ...

The absolute number of Lewis sites has been semiquantitatively estimated by measuring the integrated absorbance of CO adsorbed at [approximately] 100 K on aluminas and dealuminated mordenites. This has been made possible by using the known amount of Bronsted sites in zeolites and the linear regression between the specific absorbance and the frequency. This ...

Superharp is an upgrade CEBAF wire scanner with absolute position readout from shaft encoder. As high precision absolute beam position probe ({Delta}x {approximately} 10{mu}m), three pairs of superharps are installed at the entrance, the mid-point, and the exit of Hall C arc beamline in beam switch yard, which will be tuned in ...

We describe a high-resolution, real-time 3D absolute coordinate measurement system based on a phase-shifting method. It acquires 3D shape at 30 frames per second (fps), with 266K points per frame. A tiny marker is encoded in the projected fringe pattern, and detected by software from the texture image and the gamma map. Absolute 3D ...

In this paper, we discuss the challenge of large-scale quantification of a proteome, referring to our programme that aims to define the absolute quantity, in copies per cell, of at least 4000 proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have based our strategy on the well-established method of stable isotope dilution, generating isotopically labelled peptides using ...

In order to overcome the disadvantages which the single-channel system and the multichannel system suffer from some special cases, such as, when there exists a linear relationship between the corresponding color components of the target image and the reference image, a novel method for color pattern recognition is proposed based on color component chaos ...

During the 1990s Ritter, introduced a new family of associative memories based on lattice algebra instead of linear algebra. These memories provide unlimited storage capacity, unlike linear-correlation-based models. The canonical lattice-based memories, however, are susceptible to noise in the initial input data. In this brief, we present novel methods of ...

Most quantum computation schemes propose encoding qubits in two-level systems. Others exploit the use of an infinite-dimensional system. In "Encoding a qubit in an oscillator" [Phys. Rev. A 64, 012310 (2001)], Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill (GKP) combined these approaches when they proposed a fault-tolerant quantum computation scheme in which a qubit is ...

Linear logic, introduced by Girard in 1987, has been called a resource conscious logic. In order to express a dynamic change in process environment, it is useful to consider a concept of resource such as data consumption. The expressive power of linear logic is evidenced by some very natural encodings of computational models such as ...

We have developed a subsystem capable of controlling stepping motors in a wide variety of vuv and x-ray spectrometers to be used at the National Sychrotron Light Source. The subsystem is capable of controlling up to 15 motors with encoder readback and ramped acceleration/deceleration. Both absolute and incremental encoders may be used ...

This paper studies the well-posedness of a class of non-autonomous neutral control systems in Banach spaces. We prove that such systems are represented by absolutely regular non-autonomous linear systems in the sense of Schnaubelt [R. Schnaubelt, Feedback for non-autonomous regular linear systems, SIAM J. Control Optim. 41 (2002) ...

A method of precisely determining the beam energy in high energy linear colliders has been developed using dipole spectrometers and synchrotron radiation detectors. Beam lines implementing this method have been installed on the Stanford Linear Collider. An absolute energy measurement with an accuracy of better than deltaE/E = 5 /times/ ...

In the outer solar system, we cannot use the radiometric dating techniques applied in terrestrial geology. We also lack the detailed understanding of the correspondence between crater size-frequency distributions and absolute ages that lunar samples has given us in the inner solar system. Additionally, many geologically interesting icy satellites are insufficiently cratered to ...

The relative alignment of components in the storage ring of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) is guaranteed by mechanical means. The magnets are rigidly fixed to 48 girders by means of alignment rails with tolerances of less than {+-}15 {micro}m. The bending magnets, supported by 3 point ball bearings, overlap adjacent girders and thus establish virtual train links between the girders, located near the ...

In this paper, a large-scale NC precision face grinding machine is developed. This grinding machine can be used to the precision machining of brittle materials. The base and the machine body are independent and the whole structure is configured as a "T" type. The vertical column is seat onto the machine body at the middle center part through a double of precision lead rails. The grinding wheel is ...

The genetic encoding of polypeptides with biological display systems enables the facile generation and screening of very large combinatorial libraries of molecules. By post-translationally modifying the encoded polypeptides, chemically and structurally more diverse molecules beyond linear amino acid polymers can be generated. The first ...

Many photonic sensors produce signals that are not a linear function of the stimulus. For example, radiation sensors may produce an exponential decay response. Similarly, the Faraday current, microwave, Kerr voltage, and VISAR sensors all produce a sinusoidal response. A perfect recorder system would reproduce the signal exactly. However, all real recorders introduce noise and ...

Recursive neural networks are a powerful tool for processing structured data, thus filling the gap between connectionism, which is usually related to poorly organized data, and a great variety of real-world problems, where the information is naturally encoded in the relationships among the basic entities. In this paper, some theoretical results about ...

In this article we outline a method for generating linear optics circuits that encode quantum-error-correcting codes. Using this method we produce a single-error-correcting code encoding one wave packet over five which can be implemented using linear optics and feed-forward correction. This code improves on the ...

This investigation presents a planar diffractive laser encoder system (PDLENS), which serves as a two-dimensional (2D) position detection apparatus for precision machine applications. Traditional 2D position detection utilizes a pair of linear encoders in crossed construction and so maintaining the perpendicularity between this pair of ...

Absolute total cross section (TCS) measurements of electron scattering from gaseous methanol and ethanol molecules are reported for impact energies from 60 to 500 eV, using the linear transmission method. The attenuation of intensity of a collimated electron beam through the target volume is used to determine the absolute TCS for a ...

The linearized coupled-mode equations in two dimensions are solved numerically within the paraxial approximation to find the absolute-mode threshold of parametric instabilities driven by an incoherent laser beam. The results show that, for plasma lengths only a few times threshold, a surprisingly small temporal bandwidth {Delta}{omega} that is ...

(Set-valued) maps of bounded variation in the sense of Jordan defined on a subset of the real line and taking values in metric or normed linear spaces are studied. A structure theorem (more general than the Jordan decomposition) is proved for such maps; an analogue of Helly's selection principle is established. A compact set-valued map into a Banach space that is a ...

A new absolute pressure measurement system based on the simultaneous measurement of length and ultrasonic transit times is described. The system was used to determine the transition pressure of pure mercury at 0 deg C at 7571.2 plus or minus 1.6 bars. It is particularly advantageous to use a device for calibrating secondary gauges such as manganin gauges inasmuch ...

Lyman-alpha Hygrometer L-a Voltage, volts Absolute Humidity, g/m 3 0.0032 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035 -1 -0.5 0 - November 28, 1992 (03:59:00 - 04:00:00 UTC) g/m 3 Absolute Humidity L-a Hygrometer GE Chilled Thermistor Figure 1. Top: In-situ linear calibration of Lyman-alpha hygrometer using the General Eastern

The simultaneous measurement of length and transit time of a specimen under pressure was used to develop a new way of determining absolute high pressure. The mercury freezing point at 0 deg C was deterinined with this new method at 7571.2 plus or minus 1.6 bars. Accurate high-pressure calibration of secondary pressure gages such as manganin gages is possible with ...

Specific configurations of four linearly polarized, monochromatic plane waves have previously been shown to be capable of producing interference patterns exhibiting the symmetries inherent in all 14 Bravais lattices. We present (1) the range of possible absolute contrasts, (2) the conditions for unity absolute contrast, and (3) the ...

The high-frequency ''convective'' loss-cone mode in a mirror-confined plasma is shown to be absolutely unstable as a result of wave reflection from the mirror throats, provided that the plasma length is greater than an axial wavelength. Critical lengths for stability are only a few ion gyroradii for fusion parameters, much smaller than ...

The absolute loss is the absolute difference between the desired and predicted outcome. This paper demonstrates worst-case upper bounds on the absolute loss for the Perceptron learning algorithm and the Exponentiated Update learning algorithm, which is related to the Weighted Majority algorithm. The bounds characterize the behavior of ...

In this investigation, the formulation of trajectory coordinate constraints in terms of the absolute coordinates is developed for the use in the computer simulations of railroad vehicle system applications. Examples of trajectory coordinate constraints are the specified forward velocity of a vehicle or a wheelset along a curved track or specified yaw angle of a vehicle or a ...

Fission cross section measurements for a collection of uranium and plutoninm isotopes are presertly being made at LLL by using the 100-MeV electron linear accelerator as a pulsed source for neutrons. The cross sections are measured as a function of neutron energy from 15 MeV down to thermal energy by using the time-of-flight technique. For neutron energies above 1 ...

Many commercial metrology systems exist for making accurate surface form and roughness measurements of nominally planar parts. However, few metrology systems exist for making accurate absolute thickness measurements. At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory there is an increasing need for absolute thickness measurements of mesoscale parts ranging in size ...

We present an experimental study on four rabbits to demonstrate the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy in the noninvasive assessment of testicular torsion. We used a multi-distance frequency-domain method, based on a fixed detector position and a 9-mm linear scan of the illumination optical fibers, to measure absolute values of pre- and ...

A triggering system for magnetic field measurements of the LCLS undulators has been built with a National Instruments PXI-1002 and a Xylinx FPGA board. The system generates single triggers at specified positions, regardless of encoder sensor jitter about a linear scale.

Jan 25, 2005 ... The proposed Live Axis Turning (LAT) process combines evolving technologies of air bearings, linear motors, high-resolution encoders and ...

The patent relates to a hydraulic drill unit for drilling multimaterial, thick layer stock having a conventional hydraulic drill modified to have its feed controlled by a servo valve and its spindle speed controlled by a servo valve. A linear encoder is a...

A hydraulic drill is described for drilling multimaterial, thick layer stock, having a conventional hydraulic drill modified to have its feed controlled by a servo valve and its spindle speed controlled by a servo valve. A linear encoder is attached to th...

We present a linear optics quantum computation scheme with a greatly reduced cost in resources compared to that proposed by Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn (KLM). The scheme makes use of elements from cluster state computation but retains the circuit based approach of KLM.

This report describes the digital position sensor using incremental encoding of a rod by using alternate washers of ferreous and nonferreous material. Sensors are mounted radially around the rod. The technique was successful. The report describes the theo...

The work applies the idea of large-amplitude depolarizations in dendritic regions to the intensity dependence of graded potentials in the vertebrate retina. The model assumes that membrane in dendritic regions of primary afferents is linear, that receptor...

of the ultra high energy regime, expressed through the modification of the usual linear dispersion relation is encoded in the class of dispersions we postulate. The numerical calculation of the tail energy produced to the energy density. Although the family of dispersion relations that feature a tail, corresponding to vacuum